This report delineates and describes the geohydrology and susceptibility of the major aquifers to contamination in Area 9 - Barbour, Bullock, Macon, Pike, and Russell Counties. The major aquifers in the study area are the Tuscaloosa, Eutaw, and Providence-Ripley aquifers of Cretaceous age; and the Nanafalia-Clayton aquifer of Tertiary age. The five counties constitute the primary recharge area for the aquifers which are the source of public supplies in the study area. The total withdrawals of groundwater for all uses in 1986 were estimated to be about 14 million gallons per day. Areas of water level declines in the Tuscaloosa aquifer have developed near Eufaula and Union Springs. Water levels in the Eutaw aquifer have declined at Union Springs. All recharge areas for the major aquifers are susceptible to contamination from the surface. Shallow wells in the outcrop area are most susceptible.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874187","usgsCitation":"Kidd, R.E., 1987, Geohydrology and susceptibility of major aquifers to surface contamination in Alabama; area 9: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4187, Report: v, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 15.51 × 18.17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874187.","productDescription":"Report: v, 32 p.; 1 Plate: 15.51 × 18.17 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":56839,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4187/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56838,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4187/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126807,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4187/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110248,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46845.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"46845"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.1889,\n 31.625\n ],\n [\n -84.8958,\n 31.625\n ],\n [\n -84.8958,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -86.1889,\n 32.5833\n ],\n [\n -86.1889,\n 31.625\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kidd, R. E.","contributorId":91145,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kidd","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28543,"text":"wri874118 - 1987 - Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:46","indexId":"wri874118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4118","title":"Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84","docAbstract":"Analysis of daily phosphorus yield and streamflow data collected before and after implementation of agricultural best management practices in the Johnson Brook watershed in south-central Maine indicated statistically significant reductions in phosphorus loading in all flow categories. Reduction of median loadings for five flow categories ranged from 26% to 90%. The annual total phosphorus yield was reduced 17% after implementation of the best management practices. The observed phosphorus yield reduction is considerable because of two streamflow factors. First, the period after implementation of the best management practices had eight more storms. Periods of storm runoff in the post-implementation period had 31 days with greater than average streamflow, and a maximum daily streamflow more than three times greater than those observed in the pre-implementation period. Second, the annual streamflow was 128% greater in the year after the management practices were implemented. Because the potential for phosphorous transport increases with runoff, and greater yields are possible when the volume of water increases, a higher phosphorus yield would be expected in the post-implementation period than during the pre-implementation period, if other factors had remained unchanged. The reductions in phosphorous yield in the study area are not expected to have a significant effect on the eutrophic conditions observed in Lovejoy Pond. Phosphorous concentrations in the pond will continue to be capable of supporting algal blooms. However, the intensity and duration of blooms are expected to be less than those observed before best management practice implementation. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874118","usgsCitation":"Maloney, T.J., and Sowles, J.W., 1987, Effects of agricultural best-management practices on total phosphorus yields in the Johnson Brook and Lovejoy Pond watersheds, Kennebec County, Maine, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4118, v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874118.","productDescription":"v, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123311,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4118/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57375,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2fe4b07f02db616009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Maloney, Thomas J.","contributorId":35736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowles, John W.","contributorId":40634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sowles","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28028,"text":"wri864203 - 1987 - Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri864203","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4203","title":"Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District","docAbstract":"The Withlacoochee River Basin of the Southwest Florida Water Management District is a management area of about 2030 sq mi in west-central Florida containing large reserves of potable water in the Upper Floridan aquifer. Results of reconnaissance test drilling indicate that the Upper Floridan aquifer may be treated as an unconfined aquifer in the management area which allows it to be divided into two types of geohydrologic areas: (1) areas of high recharge, and (2) areas of moderate recharge. Conceptually, the source of water to well fields in areas of high recharge would largely be natural recharge, whereas, in areas of moderate recharge, a significant part of the source of water to well fields would be induced downward leakage, or capture, of surface and near-surface water. The Withlacoochee River Basin of the Southwest Florida Water Management District is drained almost entirely by the Withlacoochee River and its tributaries. Field data were collected from April 13 through August 17, 1981, to document extremely low streamflow conditions. Conditions in the upper half of the drainage basin were found to be the most severe of record. On July 7, 1981, the total net runoff from the upper half of the basin was observed to be only 0.1 cu ft/sec. Low-flow conditions in the lower half of the drainage basin, however, were less severe than during the record low period of 1956. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864203","usgsCitation":"Kimrey, J.O., and Anderson, W., 1987, Reconnaissance of geohydrologic areas and 1981 low-flow conditions, Withlacoochee River basin, southwest Florida Water Management District: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4203, vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864203.","productDescription":"vi, 53 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158822,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4203/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56863,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4203/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c6ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kimrey, J. O.","contributorId":67533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kimrey","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Warren","contributorId":7712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Warren","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26986,"text":"wri874017 - 1987 - Preliminary assessment of potential well yields and the potential for artificial recharge of the Elm and Middle James aquifers in the Aberdeen area, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri874017","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4017","title":"Preliminary assessment of potential well yields and the potential for artificial recharge of the Elm and Middle James aquifers in the Aberdeen area, South Dakota","docAbstract":"A complex hydrologic system exists in the glacial drift overlying the bedrock in the Aberdeen, South Dakota, area. The hydrologic system has been subdivided into three aquifers: the Elm, Middle James, and Deep James. These sand-and-gravel outwash aquifers generally are separated from each other by till or other fine-grained sediments. The Elm aquifer is the uppermost and largest of the aquifers and underlies about 204 sq mi of the study area. The maximum altitude of the top of the Elm aquifer is 1,400 ft and the minimum altitude of the bottom is 1,225 ft. The Middle James aquifer underlies about 172 sq mi of the study area. The maximum altitude of the top of the Middle James aquifer is 1,250 ft and the minimum altitude of the bottom is 1 ,150 ft. The lower-most Deep James aquifer was not evaluated. The quality of the water from the Elm and Middle James aquifer varies considerably throughout the study area. The predominant chemical constituents in the water from the aquifers are sodium and sulfate ions; however, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, or chloride may dominate locally. The calculated theoretical total well yield from the Elm and Middle James aquifers ranges from a minimum of 64 cu ft/sec, which may be conservative, to a maximum of 640 cu ft/sec. Based on available data, yields of 100 to 150 cu ft/sec probably can be obtained from properly sited and constructed wells. The feasibility of artificially recharging an aquifer, using the technique of water spreading, depends on the geologic and hydraulic characteristics of the aquifer and of the sediments overlying the aquifer through which the recharge water must percolate. The sites suitable for artificial recharge in the study area were defined as those areas where the average aquifer thickness was > 20 ft and the average thickness of the fine-grained sediments overlying the aquifer was < 10 ft. Using these criteria, about 14 sq mi of the study area are suitable for artificial recharge. Infiltration rates in the study area are estimated to range from 1.3 to 4.3 ft/day. Using an infiltration rate of 2 ft/day, a spreading pond with an area of 0.16 sq mi would be required to artificially recharge at a rate of 100 cu/sec/m. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874017","usgsCitation":"Emmons, P., 1987, Preliminary assessment of potential well yields and the potential for artificial recharge of the Elm and Middle James aquifers in the Aberdeen area, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4017, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874017.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158824,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4017/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55873,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4017/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698370","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmons, P.J.","contributorId":60630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26971,"text":"wri864326 - 1987 - The relation of streamflow to habitat for anadromous fish in the Stillaguamish River basin, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:23","indexId":"wri864326","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4326","title":"The relation of streamflow to habitat for anadromous fish in the Stillaguamish River basin, Washington","docAbstract":"The techniques of Instream Flow Incremental Methodology were used to determine the habitat available over a range of simulated streamflows for anadromous fish in certain reaches of streams in the Stillaguamish River basin, Washington. The stream discharge-habitat relations were used to identify that discharge termed the optimum discharge, which provides maximum habitat, for a particular species and life stage of fish. Optimum discharges varied throughout the Stillaguamish River basin because each discharge-habitat relation was unique. The mainstem of the Stillaguamish River is used primarily as a migration route by anadromous fish, but it is also used by chinook and coho salmon and steelhead trout for rearing and by steelhead adults and pink salmon for spawning. Optimum discharges, in cu ft/sec, ranged as follows in the mainstem Stillaguamish River: chinook fry, 600; steelhead--juveniles, 1,000, adults, 2,000, coho juveniles, 400; and pink spawning, 800. The North Fork Stillaguamish River is used for spawning and rearing by all the study fish species. Optimum discharges there were: chinook--spawning, 500 to 1,300, fry, 150 to 400; coho--spawning , 500 to 700, juveniles and fry, 50 to 200; steelhead--adults, 500 to 1,170, spawning, 800 to 900, fry, 50 to 140, juveniles, 300 to 500, chum spawning, 200 to 600; pink spawning, 300 to 600. All the study species spawn and rear in the South Fork Stillaguamish River, but coho spawn and rear fry only at the most upstream study site and chum spawn only at the most downstream site. Optimum discharge ranges on the South Fork were: chinook--spawning, 300 to 900, fry, 70 to 300; coho juveniles, 50 to 100; steelhead--adults, 300 to 900; spawning, 250 to 1,200, fry, 45 to 1,600, juveniles 200 to 500, pink spawning, 100 to 1,200; coho--spawning, 140, fry, 50; chum spawning, 100. Four tributary streams are used by all species except Pilchuck and Canyon Creeks, which are not used by chum salmon. Optimum discharges for all tributary streams ranged as follows: chinook--spawning, 170 to 750, fry 50 to 170; coho--spawning, 90 to 350, fry 20 to 80, juveniles, 35 to 130; steelhead--adults, 170 to 500, spawning, 130 to 400, fry, 20 to 70, juveniles, 70 to 350; pink spawning, 70 to 300; chum spawning in Squire Creek and Jim Creek, 70 to 450. Water temperatures measured in late summer at all sites ranged between 14.5 to 17.5 C. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864326","usgsCitation":"Embrey, S., 1987, The relation of streamflow to habitat for anadromous fish in the Stillaguamish River basin, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4326, viii, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864326.","productDescription":"viii, 115 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":157791,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4326/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55857,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4326/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embrey, S.S.","contributorId":8448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embrey","given":"S.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28177,"text":"wri854015 - 1987 - Water resources of Walworth County, South Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4015","title":"Water resources of Walworth County, South Dakota","docAbstract":"The water resources of Walworth County, South Dakota are for the most part undeveloped. In 1978, only about 10,000 acre-feet of water was used for irrigation, stock, domestic, and public supplies; most of this water came form Lake Oahe on the Missouri River, and was used for irrigation. The lake stores about 22 million acre-feet of water; the average annual flow of the Missouri River is about 16 million acre-feet. Tributary streams normally are dry at least 10 months per year. Average annual net surface runoff from the county is 7,900 acre-feet. At least 99 percent of the precipitation per year is lost by evapotranspiration. An estimated 1.2 million acre-feet of water is stored in eight aquifers in the glacial drift. The water generally is suitable for irrigation, stock, and domestic use. It is estimated that more than 55 million acre-feet of water is stored in nine aquifers in the bedrock. These aquifers are in the Dakota Formation, Inyan Kara Group, Sundance and Minnelusa Formations, Madison Group, Devonian strata, and Stony Mountain, Red River, and Deadwood Formations. The water is slightly to very saline and, at best, is suitable for livestock and marginally acceptable for domestic supplies. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854015","usgsCitation":"Kume, J., and Howells, L., 1987, Water resources of Walworth County, South Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4015, vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854015.","productDescription":"vi, 70 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57011,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f0718","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kume, Jack","contributorId":100843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kume","given":"Jack","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Howells, Lewis","contributorId":12081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howells","given":"Lewis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27972,"text":"wri854309 - 1987 - Surface-water hydrology of the Western New York Nuclear Service Center Cattaraugus County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:23:51","indexId":"wri854309","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4309","title":"Surface-water hydrology of the Western New York Nuclear Service Center Cattaraugus County, New York","docAbstract":"Precipitation data were collected from October 1980 through September 1983 from three recording gages at the Western New York Nuclear Service Center, and surface water data were collected at three continuous-record gaging stations and one partial-record gage on streams that drain a 0.7 sq km part of the site. Seepage from springs was measured periodically during the study. The data were used to identify runoff characteristics at the waste burial ground and the reprocessing plant area, 400 meters to the north. Preliminary water budgets for April 1982 through March 1983 were calculated to aid in the development of groundwater flow models to the two areas. Nearly 80% of the measured runoff from the burial ground area was storm runoff; the remaining 20% was base flow. In contrast, only 30% of the runoff leaving the reprocessing plant area was storm runoff, and 70% was base flow. This difference is attributed to soil composition. The burial ground soil consists of clayey silty till that limits infiltration and causes most precipitation to flow to local channels as direct runoff. In contrast, the reprocessing plant area is overlain by alluvial sand and gravel that allows rapid infiltration of precipitation and subsequent steady discharge from the water table to nearby stream channels and seepage faces. Measured total annual runoff and estimated evapotranspiration from the reprocessing plant area exceeded the precipitation by 35%, which suggests that the groundwater basin is larger than the surface water basin. The additional outflow probably includes underflow from bedrock upgradient from the plant, water leakage from plant facilities, and groundwater flow from adjacent basins. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri854309","usgsCitation":"Kappel, W.M., and Harding, W.E., 1987, Surface-water hydrology of the Western New York Nuclear Service Center Cattaraugus County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4309, v, 36 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854309.","productDescription":"v, 36 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159019,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4309/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":366709,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4309/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Cattaraugus County","otherGeospatial":"Western New York Nuclear Service Center","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.65777492523192,\n 42.44907976495076\n ],\n [\n -78.65481376647948,\n 42.44907976495076\n ],\n [\n -78.65481376647948,\n 42.45040973396976\n ],\n [\n -78.65777492523192,\n 42.45040973396976\n ],\n [\n -78.65777492523192,\n 42.44907976495076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68a634","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kappel, W. M.","contributorId":18754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harding, W. E.","contributorId":12527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harding","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27786,"text":"wri874267 - 1987 - Low streamflow conditions in the western states during 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:20:12","indexId":"wri874267","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4267","title":"Low streamflow conditions in the western states during 1987","docAbstract":"Drought conditions prevailed throughout the States of California , Nevada, Idaho, Oregon, and Washington during the summer of 1987. Streamflows were the lowest since the drought of 1977. Many streams had less discharge in August-September 1987 than in August-September of 1977. At some sites flows for July, August, and September were the minimum ever recorded for those months. The reason for the low flows, which occurred in spite of near normal precipitation for the 1987 water year (October 1, 1986 to September 30, 1987) were low winter snowpack, unseasonably early melt of that snowpack, and prolonged periods of well-above-average temperatures. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874267","usgsCitation":"Hubbard, L., 1987, Low streamflow conditions in the western states during 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4267, v, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874267.","productDescription":"v, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":56628,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4267/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":119795,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4267/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6fe4b07f02db640e15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hubbard, L.L.","contributorId":81513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28306,"text":"wri874231 - 1987 - Water quality of Cedar Creek reservoir in northeast Texas, 1977 to 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T15:11:11","indexId":"wri874231","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4231","title":"Water quality of Cedar Creek reservoir in northeast Texas, 1977 to 1984","docAbstract":"Water in Cedar Creek Reservoir in northeast Texas had volume-weighted average concentrations of less than 140 milligrams per liter of dissolved solids, less than 30 milligrams per liter of dissolved sulfate, and less than 25 milligrams per liter of chloride between vh nuary 1977 and August 1984. The water was soft to moderately hard; the total hardness concentrations ranged from 55 to 75 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate.
\nThermal stratification in Cedar Creek Reservoir usually begins in late winter or early spring and persists until late fall. Stratification or summer stagnation causes significant seasonal and areal variations in concentrations of dissolved oxygen, iron, manganese, total inorganic nitrogen, and total phosphorus. Oxygen used in the decay of organic matter is not replenished during summer stagnation, and water below depths of 30 feet usually contains less than 2 milligrams per liter of dissolved oxygen. Often, oxygen is nearly depleted near the bottom in the deepest areas of the reservoir, thus causing reducing conditions.
\nReducing conditions during summer stagnation result in the dissolution of iron and manganese in bottom sediments. At the deepest site (Ac) near Joe B. Hoggset Dam, dissolved iron concentrations in water near the bottom averaged 1,860 micrograms per liter and manganese concentrations averaged 3,170 micrograms per liter. The concentrations of dissolved iron and dissolved manganese averaged less than 120 micrograms per liter throughout the reservoir during winter and spring circulation and in water near the reservoir's surface during summer stagnation.
\nSeasonal temperature and dissolved oxygen cycles cause the recycling of dissolved iron and manganese between the water and bottom sediments. However, no substantial accumulation of these constituents within the reservoir was detected during the study.
\nOf 10 trace elements studied, barium and arsenic were the most commonly found in detectable concentrations. Of 22 water samples collected for traceelement analysis, 15 contained barium in concentrations ranging from 40 to 300 micrograms per liter, and 19 contained arsenic in concentrations ranging from 1 to 26 micrograms per liter. However, these concentrations are below the maximum contaminant Hmit for barium (1,000 micrograms per liter) and arsenic (50 micrograms per liter) in drinking water.
\nThe concentrations of total inorganic nitrogen, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus were largest during summer stagnation in water near the bottom at the deepest sites. At site Ac, the largest total phosphorus concentration was 5.3 milligrams per liter for a bottom sample. The maximum total inorganic nitrogen concentration for the same sample was 2.5 milligrams per liter. Water near the surface of Cedar Creek Reservoir during summer stagnation and throughout the reservoir during winter circulation had total phosphorus and total inorganic nitrogen concentrations of less than 0.1 milligram per liter. Total nitrogen concentrations near the surface ranged from 0.3 to 1.1 milligrams per liter from January 1980 to August 1984.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri874231","usgsCitation":"Leibbrand, N.F., and Gibbons, W.J., 1987, Water quality of Cedar Creek reservoir in northeast Texas, 1977 to 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4231, v, 148 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874231.","productDescription":"v, 148 p.","numberOfPages":"153","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1977-01-01","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159450,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4231/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57118,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4231/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Creek Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.25328063964844,\n 32.14131578908406\n ],\n [\n -96.25328063964844,\n 32.439090125173585\n ],\n [\n -95.97244262695312,\n 32.439090125173585\n ],\n [\n -95.97244262695312,\n 32.14131578908406\n ],\n [\n -96.25328063964844,\n 32.14131578908406\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db5460aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leibbrand, Norman F.","contributorId":173583,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Leibbrand","given":"Norman","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibbons, Willard J.","contributorId":173568,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gibbons","given":"Willard","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28475,"text":"wri874085 - 1987 - Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874085","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4085","title":"Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico","docAbstract":"Three models of the aquifer in the southern High Plains were compared to determine the effect of grid size on simulated water levels. The first model, calibrated prior to this study, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels in this model was +0.28 ft with a standard deviation of 25.8 ft. The second model, calibrated during this study independently of the first model, had 5-mi grid spacing. The mean difference between the simulated and measured pre-development water levels was -0.01 ft with a standard deviation of 44.4 ft. For 1980 water levels, the mean difference was +8.22 ft with a standard deviation of 27.9 ft. The results from the first and second models were compared. The standard deviation of the differences in simulated water levels was 19.0 ft for the pre-development period and 21.8 ft for 1980. There appeared to be no hydrologic significance to the pattern of the differences. A third model, constructed by aggregating the data from the second model, had 10-mi grid spacing. The mean difference in simulated pre-development water levels between the second and third models was +0.86 ft with a standard deviation of 8.9 ft. For the 1980 water levels, the mean difference between the models was +0.39 ft with a standard deviation of 4.4 ft. The study found that the same hydrologic conclusions would have been reached had 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing been used. It was further concluded that the difference in simulated water levels between models with 5-mi grid spacing or 10-mi grid spacing was five to six times smaller than the differences between the simulated and measured water levels. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874085","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., and Stephens, D., 1987, Effect of grid size on digital simulation of ground-water flow in the southern High Plains of Texas and New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4085, iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874085.","productDescription":"iv, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57275,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4085/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62565e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stephens, D.M.","contributorId":42970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26624,"text":"wri864211 - 1987 - Ground-water pumpage from the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Oregon, 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:07:34","indexId":"wri864211","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4211","title":"Ground-water pumpage from the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Oregon, 1984","docAbstract":"Groundwater pumpage was estimated for 1984 for an area of about 8,000 sq mi in north-central Oregon. Pumpage data were collected from irrigation, industrial and public supply users and analyzed as part of the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System Analysis (RASA) study. Groundwater is pumped from Tertiary basalts and interflow material of the Columbia River Basalt Group and the overlying Tertiary-Quaternary sedimentary material. Pumpage was estimated from flowmeter data for about two-thirds of the area. For wells without flowmeters, pumpage was estimated from power-consumption data, if available, or from irrigated acreage data, using an areally adjusted application rate. The total amount of water pumped during 1984 was estimated to be about 148 ,000 acre-feet. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864211","usgsCitation":"Collins, C.A., 1987, Ground-water pumpage from the Columbia Plateau Regional Aquifer System, Oregon, 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4211, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864211.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":55496,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4211/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55497,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4211/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4211/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660581","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, C. A.","contributorId":43731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28582,"text":"wri874001 - 1987 - Statistical analysis of aquifer-test results for nine regional aquifers in Louisiana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4001","title":"Statistical analysis of aquifer-test results for nine regional aquifers in Louisiana","docAbstract":"This report, prepared as part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis project, presents a compilation, summarization, and statistical analysis of aquifer-test results for nine regional aquifers in Louisiana. These are from youngest to oldest: The alluvial, Pleistocene, Evangeline, Jasper, Catahoula, Cockfield, Sparta, Carrizo, and Wilcox aquifers. Approximately 1,500 aquifer tests in U.S. Geological Survey files in Louisiana were examined and 1,001 were input to a computer file. Analysis of the aquifer test results and plots that describe aquifer hydraulic characteristics were made for each regional aquifer. Results indicate that, on the average, permeability (hydraulic conductivity) generally tends to decrease from the youngest aquifers to the oldest. The most permeable aquifers in Louisiana are the alluvial and Pleistocene aquifers; whereas, the least permeable are the Carrizo and Wilcox aquifers. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874001","usgsCitation":"Martin, A., and Early, D.A., 1987, Statistical analysis of aquifer-test results for nine regional aquifers in Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4001, iv, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874001.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4001/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57411,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4001/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3d65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Martin, Angel","contributorId":92712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Angel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Early, D. A.","contributorId":79139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Early","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26688,"text":"wri864208 - 1987 - Streamflow and water quality of the Grand Calumet River, Lake County, Indiana, and Cook County, Illinois, October 1984","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-01T16:20:46","indexId":"wri864208","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4208","title":"Streamflow and water quality of the Grand Calumet River, Lake County, Indiana, and Cook County, Illinois, October 1984","docAbstract":"A diel (24-hour) water-quality survey was done to investigate the sources of dry-weather waste inputs attributable to other than permitted point-source effluent and to evaluate the waste-load assimilative capacity of the Grand Calumet River, Lake County, Indiana, and Cook County, Illinois, in October 1984. Flow in the Grand Calumet River consists almost entirely of municipal and industrial effluents which comprised more than 90% of the 500 cu ft/sec flow observed at the confluence of the East Branch Grand Calumet River and the Indiana Harbor Ship Canal during the study. At the time of the study, virtually all of the flow in the West Branch Grand Calumet River was municipal effluent. Diel variations in streamflow of as much as 300 cu ft/sec were observed in the East Branch near the ship canal. The diel variation diminished at the upstream sampling sites in the East Branch. In the West Branch, the diel variation in flow was quite drastic; complete reversals of flow were observed at sampling stations near the ship canal. Average dissolved-oxygen concentrations at stations in the East Branch ranged from 5.7 to 8.2 mg/L and at stations in the West Branch from 0.8 to 6.6 mg/L. Concentrations of dissolved solids, suspended solids, biochemical-oxygen demand, ammonia, nitrite, nitrate, and phosphorus were substantially higher in the West Branch than in the East Branch. In the East Branch, only the Indiana Stream Pollution Control Board water-quality standards for total phosphorus and phenol were exceeded. In the West Branch, water-quality standards for total ammonia, chloride, cyanide, dissolved solids, fluoride, total phosphorus, mercury, and phenol were exceeded and dissolved oxygen was less than the minimum allowable. Three areas of significant differences between cumulative effluent and instream chemical-mass discharges were identified in the East Branch and one in the West Branch. The presence of unidentified waste inputs in the East Branch were indicated by differences in the chemical-mass discharges at three sites. Elevated suspended solids, biochemical-oxygen demand, and ammonia chemical-mass discharges at Columbia Avenue indicated the presence of a source of what may have been untreated sewage to the West Branch during the survey. (Author 's abstract)
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Indianapolis, IN","doi":"10.3133/wri864208","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Indiana State Board of Health","usgsCitation":"Crawford, C.G., and Wangsness, D.J., 1987, Streamflow and water quality of the Grand Calumet River, Lake County, Indiana, and Cook County, Illinois, October 1984: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4208, xi, 137 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864208.","productDescription":"xi, 137 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158852,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4208/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55551,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4208/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Indiana","county":"Cook County, Lake County","otherGeospatial":"Grand Calumet River","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-88.1992,42.1555],[-88.1218,42.1561],[-88.0042,42.1557],[-88.0042,42.157],[-87.886,42.1552],[-87.7659,42.155],[-87.7572,42.1548],[-87.753,42.1502],[-87.7447,42.137],[-87.7399,42.1319],[-87.7393,42.1296],[-87.7351,42.125],[-87.7302,42.1218],[-87.729,42.1213],[-87.7272,42.1194],[-87.7261,42.1153],[-87.72,42.1089],[-87.7079,42.0983],[-87.6976,42.0909],[-87.6916,42.0863],[-87.6885,42.0835],[-87.6861,42.0812],[-87.685,42.0784],[-87.6807,42.0766],[-87.6771,42.0729],[-87.6747,42.0692],[-87.6742,42.066],[-87.6729,42.0651],[-87.6731,42.0587],[-87.6704,42.0446],[-87.6674,42.0428],[-87.6681,42.0396],[-87.6669,42.0359],[-87.6657,42.0336],[-87.6646,42.0295],[-87.6617,42.0213],[-87.6589,42.0122],[-87.6577,42.0095],[-87.6535,42.0049],[-87.6523,42.0021],[-87.6506,41.9994],[-87.6494,41.9962],[-87.6509,41.9871],[-87.6498,41.9826],[-87.6467,41.9807],[-87.6449,41.9789],[-87.6443,41.9779],[-87.6419,41.9765],[-87.6419,41.9756],[-87.642,41.972],[-87.6396,41.9692],[-87.6378,41.9669],[-87.6354,41.9651],[-87.6317,41.9646],[-87.6287,41.9636],[-87.6275,41.9622],[-87.6288,41.9604],[-87.6331,41.9587],[-87.6362,41.9592],[-87.6369,41.9578],[-87.6351,41.9533],[-87.6316,41.9473],[-87.6298,41.945],[-87.6292,41.9432],[-87.6293,41.9396],[-87.6281,41.9373],[-87.6263,41.9359],[-87.627,41.9323],[-87.6258,41.9309],[-87.6253,41.9282],[-87.6254,41.9245],[-87.6231,41.9186],[-87.6207,41.9145],[-87.6195,41.9135],[-87.6177,41.914],[-87.6164,41.913],[-87.6183,41.9117],[-87.6209,41.9099],[-87.6215,41.9077],[-87.621,41.9058],[-87.6204,41.9036],[-87.6186,41.9031],[-87.6161,41.9017],[-87.6149,41.9007],[-87.6131,41.8994],[-87.6108,41.8957],[-87.6096,41.8943],[-87.5985,41.8932],[-87.5973,41.8928],[-87.5973,41.8919],[-87.5985,41.8914],[-87.6066,41.8915],[-87.6084,41.8907],[-87.6103,41.8889],[-87.6097,41.8875],[-87.611,41.8848],[-87.6124,41.8821],[-87.6131,41.878],[-87.6127,41.8698],[-87.6109,41.8689],[-87.609,41.8675],[-87.6041,41.8674],[-87.6029,41.8674],[-87.603,41.8629],[-87.6038,41.8579],[-87.6038,41.8561],[-87.6063,41.8552],[-87.6088,41.8539],[-87.6059,41.8457],[-87.6031,41.8384],[-87.5995,41.832],[-87.5954,41.826],[-87.5894,41.8177],[-87.5841,41.8117],[-87.5811,41.8081],[-87.5793,41.8053],[-87.5782,41.8021],[-87.5764,41.7998],[-87.5758,41.7989],[-87.574,41.7984],[-87.5734,41.798],[-87.5728,41.797],[-87.574,41.7962],[-87.5765,41.7944],[-87.576,41.7921],[-87.5748,41.7898],[-87.5742,41.7884],[-87.5743,41.7871],[-87.5743,41.7857],[-87.5737,41.7848],[-87.5719,41.7839],[-87.5694,41.7834],[-87.5676,41.7824],[-87.5689,41.7815],[-87.5713,41.7816],[-87.5732,41.7812],[-87.5745,41.7803],[-87.5745,41.7794],[-87.5739,41.778],[-87.5727,41.7775],[-87.5714,41.7779],[-87.5677,41.7788],[-87.5665,41.7774],[-87.5659,41.7765],[-87.5611,41.7719],[-87.5606,41.7705],[-87.56,41.7691],[-87.5594,41.7687],[-87.5576,41.7668],[-87.5576,41.765],[-87.5528,41.7604],[-87.5504,41.7599],[-87.5479,41.7594],[-87.5461,41.7594],[-87.5449,41.7598],[-87.5412,41.7593],[-87.54,41.7584],[-87.5394,41.7566],[-87.5407,41.7552],[-87.5407,41.7534],[-87.5395,41.7525],[-87.5377,41.7525],[-87.5359,41.7511],[-87.5334,41.7497],[-87.531,41.7483],[-87.5298,41.7469],[-87.5283,41.736],[-87.5277,41.7337],[-87.5272,41.73],[-87.5257,41.7182],[-87.524,41.7135],[-87.5234,41.7131],[-87.5134,41.7054],[-87.5158,41.7027],[-87.5133,41.7004],[-87.4997,41.6914],[-87.4922,41.6865],[-87.4848,41.6843],[-87.4829,41.6811],[-87.4768,41.6789],[-87.4712,41.6753],[-87.4613,41.6718],[-87.4503,41.6741],[-87.4397,41.6647],[-87.436,41.6656],[-87.4355,41.6729],[-87.4245,41.6802],[-87.4177,41.6753],[-87.4396,41.6565],[-87.4228,41.6439],[-87.4167,41.6439],[-87.4099,41.644],[-87.4087,41.644],[-87.4044,41.6413],[-87.392,41.6382],[-87.3748,41.6329],[-87.3711,41.6315],[-87.3538,41.6285],[-87.3384,41.6259],[-87.3274,41.6259],[-87.3218,41.6219],[-87.315,41.6201],[-87.3101,41.6201],[-87.3058,41.6202],[-87.3003,41.6202],[-87.296,41.6198],[-87.2831,41.6203],[-87.2702,41.6208],[-87.2223,41.6248],[-87.2222,41.6152],[-87.2221,41.6039],[-87.2218,41.5698],[-87.22,41.4632],[-87.2198,41.3747],[-87.2196,41.3601],[-87.22,41.3388],[-87.2198,41.3188],[-87.2197,41.3043],[-87.2189,41.2893],[-87.2187,41.2744],[-87.2193,41.2671],[-87.219,41.2426],[-87.2184,41.2417],[-87.2263,41.2353],[-87.2762,41.2187],[-87.2859,41.2154],[-87.3241,41.1862],[-87.3313,41.1829],[-87.3405,41.1824],[-87.3448,41.1824],[-87.38,41.1726],[-87.394,41.1625],[-87.4,41.1625],[-87.4055,41.1625],[-87.4147,41.1619],[-87.4411,41.1731],[-87.4466,41.174],[-87.4484,41.1744],[-87.4587,41.1702],[-87.4801,41.1701],[-87.5263,41.1661],[-87.5261,41.267],[-87.5265,41.2983],[-87.527,41.4086],[-87.5265,41.4712],[-87.5565,41.4712],[-87.6706,41.4715],[-87.7888,41.4723],[-87.7891,41.4855],[-87.7894,41.5],[-87.7922,41.5377],[-87.7923,41.5595],[-87.9071,41.5578],[-87.9106,41.6445],[-88.0299,41.6428],[-88.0308,41.6868],[-88.0013,41.6874],[-87.9883,41.6877],[-87.9674,41.6879],[-87.9482,41.694],[-87.9438,41.7017],[-87.9139,41.7172],[-87.9142,41.7318],[-87.9178,41.8185],[-87.9188,41.9076],[-87.9175,41.9938],[-88.0342,41.9925],[-88.1473,41.9883],[-88.2634,41.9876],[-88.2632,42.0675],[-88.2632,42.0685],[-88.2379,42.0682],[-88.2382,42.155],[-88.1992,42.1555]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Cook\",\"state\":\"IL\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4ec3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crawford, Charles G. 0000-0003-1653-7841 cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-7841","contributorId":1064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crawford","given":"Charles","email":"cgcrawfo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":196832,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wangsness, David J.","contributorId":81475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wangsness","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196833,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27680,"text":"wri874145 - 1987 - Hydrogeology, chemical quality, and availability of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Albany area, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:56:14","indexId":"wri874145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4145","title":"Hydrogeology, chemical quality, and availability of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Albany area, Georgia","docAbstract":"Large withdrawals of groundwater in the 1500 sq mi Albany area of southwestern Georgia have lowered water levels in deep aquifers as much as 140 ft. This study was conducted to evaluate the development potential of the shallow Upper Floridan aquifer as an alternate source of groundwater, especially for public supply. The Upper Floridan stores and transmits large quantities of water, mainly in a zone of high permeability in the lower part of the aquifer. The transmissivity of the aquifer ranges from < 10,000 sq ft/day northwest of Albany, to as much as 150 ,000 sq ft/day south and southeast of Albany. Twenty-eight years of agricultural and industrial pumping has not produced a long-term decline of the water level in the Upper Floridan; the aquifer system remains at equilibrium. The Upper Floridan yields hard, calcium bicarbonate-type water but concentrations do not exceed State drinking water standards. In most of the study area , contaminants applied to or spilled on the land surface eventually can be expected to percolate through the overburden and reach the aquifer. Thus, it is important that wells be sited away from areas that have been used for the storage and disposal of potential contaminants and, probably to a lesser extent, the application of agricultural chemicals. In the area of greatest development potential east of the Flint River, wells may penetrate major groundwater conduits. By limiting drawdown during well development and during production, the likelihood of causing sinkholes to form can be minimized. Closed depressions, or sinks, throughout the Dougherty Plain probably are unsuitable as well sites, because (1) they are subject to flooding, (2) they collect water from upgradient areas and could concentrate potential contaminants, (3) water probably percolates through their bottoms and could transport contaminants into the aquifer, and (4) the depressions may overlie limestone cavities filled with sand or clay that could interfere with well yield, development, and production. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874145","usgsCitation":"Hicks, D., Gill, H., and Longsworth, S., 1987, Hydrogeology, chemical quality, and availability of ground water in the Upper Floridan aquifer, Albany area, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4145, vi, 52 p. :ill., 3 plates; maps; 28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874145.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p. :ill., 3 plates; maps; 28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/wri87-4145/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56529,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56533,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56530,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56531,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56532,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4145/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Albany area","otherGeospatial":"Upper Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85,31 ], [ -85,32 ], [ -83,32 ], [ -83,31 ], [ -85,31 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db614889","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hicks, D.W.","contributorId":61795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, H.E.","contributorId":24330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gill","given":"H.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Longsworth, S.A.","contributorId":47784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Longsworth","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28103,"text":"wri874053 - 1987 - Flooding and sedimentation in Wheeling Creek basin, Belmont County, Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri874053","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4053","title":"Flooding and sedimentation in Wheeling Creek basin, Belmont County, Ohio","docAbstract":"The Wheeling Creek basin, which is located primarily in Belmont County, Ohio, experienced three damaging floods and four less severe floods during the 29-month period from February 1979 through June 1981. Residents of the basin became concerned about factors that could have affected the severity and frequency of out-of-bank floods. In response to those concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Ohio Department of Natural Resources, undertook a study to estimate peak discharges and recurrence intervals for the seven floods of interest, provide information on current and historical mining-related stream-channel fill or scour, and examine storm-period subbasin contributions to the sediment load in Wheeling Creek.\r\n\r\nStreamflow data for adjacent basins, rainfall data, and, in two cases, flood-profile data were used in conjunction with streamflow data subsequently collected on Wheeling Creek to provide estimates of peak discharge for the seven floods that occurred from February 1979 through June 1981. Estimates of recurrence intervals were assigned to the Peak discharges on the basin of regional regression equations that relate selected basin characteristics to peak discharge with fixed recurrence intervals. These estimates indicate that a statistically unusual number of floods with recurrence intervals of 2 years or more occurred within that time period.\r\n\r\nThree cross sections located on Wheeling Creek and four located on tributaries were established and surveyed quarterly for approximately 2 years. No evidence of appreciable stream-channel fill or scour was observed at any of the cross sections, although minor profile changes were apparent at some locations. Attempts were made to obtain historical cross-section profile data for comparison with current cross-section profiles; however, no usable data were found.\r\n\r\nExcavations of stream-bottom materials were made near the three main-stem cross-section locations and near the mouth of Jug Run. The bottom materials were examined for evidence of recently deposited sediments of mining-related origin. The only evidence of appreciable mining-related sediment deposition was found at Jug Run, and, to a lesser extent, at one main-stem site.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874053","usgsCitation":"Kolva, J., and Koltun, G., 1987, Flooding and sedimentation in Wheeling Creek basin, Belmont County, Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4053, iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874053.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126675,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4053/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56926,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4053/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e5ba0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolva, J.R.","contributorId":64264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolva","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27033,"text":"wri874197 - 1987 - Ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, 1982-87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:36","indexId":"wri874197","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4197","title":"Ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, 1982-87","docAbstract":"Water level data have been collected in the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky by the U.S. Geological Survey since 1943. Interpretations of these data have been published in several reports by the Survey, but none have been published since 1983. Contour maps and hydrographs are presented in this report to document and to help interpret water level changes for the period 1982-87. Maps and hydrographs show that groundwater levels generally stabilized in the 1980 's after rising for many years. Two areas of groundwater withdrawals are apparent in the maps and hydrographs. Withdrawals in an industrial area in west Louisville disrupt the typical pattern of the contours to curve landward around the area of withdrawal. Resumption of pumping of groundwater for heating and cooling of some buildings in the downtown area in 1985 caused declines of about 3 to 4 ft in the downtown area. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874197","usgsCitation":"Faust, R., and Lyverse, M.A., 1987, Ground-water levels in the alluvial aquifer at Louisville, Kentucky, 1982-87: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4197, iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874197.","productDescription":"iv, 18 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119803,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4197/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55912,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4197/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db6674fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Faust, R.J.","contributorId":80700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faust","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lyverse, M. A.","contributorId":89151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyverse","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28101,"text":"wri864354 - 1987 - Multiple-regression equations for estimating low flows at ungaged stream sites in Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:43","indexId":"wri864354","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4354","title":"Multiple-regression equations for estimating low flows at ungaged stream sites in Ohio","docAbstract":"This report presents multiple-regression equations for estimating selected low-flow characteristics for most unregulated Ohio streams at sites where little or no discharge data are available. The equations relate combinations of drainage area, main-channel length, main-channel slope, average basin elevation, forested area, average annual precipitation, and an index of infiltration to low flows with durations of 7 and 30 days and average recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years. Data from 132 long-term continuous-record gaging stations and partial-record sites in Ohio were used in the analyses.\r\n\r\nMultiple-regression analyses were first performed by using data from all 132 sites in an attempt to develop equations that would be applicable statewide. Standard errors for the statewide equations were too high (111 to 189 percent) for them to be of practical use in estimating low streamflows.\r\n\r\nData for the state were then subdivided into five regions, and multiple-regression equations were developed for each region. Standard errors for four of the five regions improved, and raged from 43 to 106 percent. Standard errors for region 5 remained high (74 to 129 percent).\r\n\r\nThe multiple-regression equations presented in this report are not applicable to streams with significant low-flow regulation. The equations also are not applicable if (1) the site has been gaged and low-flow estimates have been developed from gaging-station records, (2) low flow can be estimated by the drainage-area transference method from data for a nearby gaged site, or (3) a sufficient number of partial-record measurements made at the site can be adquately correlated with concurrent base flows at a suitable index station.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864354","usgsCitation":"Koltun, G., and Schwartz, R., 1987, Multiple-regression equations for estimating low flows at ungaged stream sites in Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4354, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864354.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125113,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56917,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56918,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56919,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56920,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56921,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56922,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56923,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4354/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koltun, G. F. 0000-0003-0255-2960","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0255-2960","contributorId":49817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koltun","given":"G. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, R.R.","contributorId":85210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28303,"text":"wri874061 - 1987 - AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri874061","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4061","title":"AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling","docAbstract":"A FORTRAN-77 computer program code that helps solve a variety of aquifer management problems involving the control of groundwater hydraulics. It is intended for use with any standard mathematical programming package that uses Mathematical Programming System input format. The computer program creates the input files to be used by the optimization program. These files contain all the hydrologic information and management objectives needed to solve the management problem. Used in conjunction with a mathematical programming code, the computer program identifies the pumping or recharge strategy that achieves a user 's management objective while maintaining groundwater hydraulic conditions within desired limits. The objective may be linear or quadratic, and may involve the minimization of pumping and recharge rates or of variable pumping costs. The problem may contain constraints on groundwater heads, gradients, and velocities for a complex, transient hydrologic system. Linear superposition of solutions to the transient, two-dimensional groundwater flow equation is used by the computer program in conjunction with the response matrix optimization method. A unit stress is applied at each decision well and transient responses at all control locations are computed using a modified version of the U.S. Geological Survey two dimensional aquifer simulation model. The program also computes discounted cost coefficients for the objective function and accounts for transient aquifer conditions. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874061","usgsCitation":"Lefkoff, L., and Gorelick, S., 1987, AQMAN; linear and quadratic programming matrix generator using two-dimensional ground-water flow simulation for aquifer management modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4061, 164 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874061.","productDescription":"164 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4061/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57115,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4061/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae144","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lefkoff, L.J.","contributorId":47418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lefkoff","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":27350,"text":"wri864076 - 1987 - Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:42","indexId":"wri864076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4076","title":"Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado","docAbstract":"Numerous analytical techniques were applied to determine water quality changes in the San Juan River basin upstream of Shiprock , New Mexico. Eight techniques were used to analyze hydrologic data such as: precipitation, water quality, and streamflow. The eight methods used are: (1) Piper diagram, (2) time-series plot, (3) frequency distribution, (4) box-and-whisker plot, (5) seasonal Kendall test, (6) Wilcoxon rank-sum test, (7) SEASRS procedure, and (8) analysis of flow adjusted, specific conductance data and smoothing. Post-1963 changes in dissolved solids concentration, dissolved potassium concentration, specific conductance, suspended sediment concentration, or suspended sediment load in the San Juan River downstream from the surface coal mines were examined to determine if coal mining was having an effect on the quality of surface water. None of the analytical methods used to analyzed the data showed any increase in dissolved solids concentration, dissolved potassium concentration, or specific conductance in the river downstream from the mines; some of the analytical methods used showed a decrease in dissolved solids concentration and specific conductance. Chaco River, an ephemeral stream tributary to the San Juan River, undergoes changes in water quality due to effluent from a power generation facility. The discharge in the Chaco River contributes about 1.9% of the average annual discharge at the downstream station, San Juan River at Shiprock, NM. The changes in water quality detected at the Chaco River station were not detected at the downstream Shiprock station. It was not possible, with the available data, to identify any effects of the surface coal mines on water quality that were separable from those of urbanization, agriculture, and other cultural and natural changes. In order to determine the specific causes of changes in water quality, it would be necessary to collect additional data at strategically located stations. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864076","usgsCitation":"Goetz, C.L., Abeyta, C.G., and Thomas, E., 1987, Application of techniques to identify coal-mine and power-generation effects on surface-water quality, San Juan River basin, New Mexico and Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4076, viii, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864076.","productDescription":"viii, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56212,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a75c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goetz, C. L.","contributorId":55845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goetz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abeyta, Cynthia G.","contributorId":52187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abeyta","given":"Cynthia","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197959,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomas, E.V.","contributorId":55477,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":27456,"text":"wri874096 - 1987 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in rural and urban basins of North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:53:52","indexId":"wri874096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4096","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in rural and urban basins of North Carolina","docAbstract":"The applicability of the nationwide urban flood relations in the Piedmont and Coastal Plain provinces is evaluated. Data for 254 gaging stations on rural streams with 10 or more years of record were used in multiple linear regression analyses with basin and climatic variables, to derive regional relations for estimating flood discharges having recurrence intervals of 2- to 100-years. Rural relations are presented for three hydrologic areas: (1) Blue Ridge-Piedmont, (2) Coastal Plain, and (3) Sand Hills. Drainage area is the only basin characteristic in the relations. The average standard error of estimate of the relations for the Blue Ridge-Piedmont, Coastal Plain, and Sand Hills hydrologic areas is 44, 39, and 24%, respectively. Flood discharges for the 2-, 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, and 100-year recurrence intervals for the 254 streamflow stations used in the regionalization study are also presented. Flood frequency distributions of simulated annual maximum discharges for four urban basins in the Coastal Plain indicate that the nationwide relations are applicable in the province. The root mean squared error for the 10- and 100-year flood discharges, using the nationwide relations, is 44% and 49%, respectively. Simulated data for six sites in the Piedmont were used to analyze the applicability of the nationwide urban relations in the province. The root mean squared error is 64% for the 10-year flood and 42% for the 100-year flood. No recommendation is made concerning use of the nationwide relations in the Piedmont.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874096","usgsCitation":"Gunter, H., Mason, R., and Stamey, T.C., 1987, Magnitude and frequency of floods in rural and urban basins of North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4096, vii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874096.","productDescription":"vii, 52 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118723,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56317,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Coastal Plain, Piedmont Province","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-75.753765,35.199612],[-75.718015,35.209377],[-75.684006,35.232913],[-75.664512,35.227514],[-75.630358,35.238487],[-75.599005,35.256253],[-75.596915,35.269491],[-75.581935,35.263917],[-75.535741,35.272856],[-75.529393,35.288272],[-75.487678,35.485056],[-75.487528,35.525889],[-75.47861,35.553069],[-75.48133,35.622896],[-75.487678,35.648287],[-75.507385,35.680564],[-75.515397,35.73038],[-75.533512,35.773577],[-75.522232,35.774178],[-75.496086,35.728515],[-75.458659,35.596597],[-75.471355,35.479615],[-75.486771,35.391652],[-75.52592,35.233839],[-75.533627,35.225825],[-75.560225,35.232048],[-75.610101,35.227514],[-75.769705,35.180359],[-75.944725,35.105091],[-76.013145,35.061855],[-76.013561,35.068832],[-75.99188,35.092395],[-75.989175,35.115165],[-75.98395,35.120042],[-75.9547,35.1196],[-75.893942,35.150433],[-75.801444,35.183079],[-75.785729,35.194244],[-75.753765,35.199612]]],[[[-75.675245,35.929024],[-75.65954,35.919564],[-75.662019,35.906522],[-75.64512,35.905788],[-75.62767,35.883149],[-75.616833,35.856331],[-75.619772,35.847606],[-75.614361,35.815659],[-75.620454,35.809253],[-75.63898,35.818639],[-75.667891,35.82354],[-75.675054,35.830204],[-75.660086,35.83861],[-75.663356,35.869835],[-75.67283,35.882423],[-75.681415,35.88398],[-75.697672,35.901639],[-75.696871,35.909556],[-75.702165,35.915428],[-75.723782,35.925569],[-75.727251,35.93362],[-75.718266,35.939714],[-75.705323,35.939403],[-75.675245,35.929024]]],[[[-76.12236,36.550621],[-75.867044,36.550754],[-75.818735,36.357579],[-75.773329,36.231529],[-75.71831,36.113674],[-75.658537,36.02043],[-75.569794,35.863301],[-75.533012,35.787377],[-75.536428,35.780118],[-75.543259,35.779691],[-75.573083,35.828867],[-75.588878,35.844926],[-75.619151,35.889415],[-75.620114,35.925288],[-75.648899,35.965758],[-75.668379,35.978394],[-75.678909,35.993925],[-75.723662,36.003139],[-75.727084,36.01051],[-75.722609,36.037362],[-75.737088,36.040784],[-75.74051,36.046839],[-75.73972,36.07527],[-75.75572,36.153922],[-75.783676,36.215949],[-75.811588,36.244014],[-75.808165,36.259545],[-75.814483,36.285344],[-75.822907,36.291662],[-75.837913,36.294558],[-75.845284,36.305614],[-75.841335,36.328517],[-75.831858,36.339047],[-75.831595,36.346418],[-75.836201,36.363135],[-75.85147,36.379456],[-75.85147,36.415785],[-75.864106,36.430527],[-75.888325,36.441583],[-75.899908,36.482124],[-75.907279,36.485809],[-75.924127,36.482124],[-75.935473,36.490601],[-75.972545,36.494671],[-76.003708,36.506235],[-76.023627,36.500778],[-76.031949,36.482496],[-76.012337,36.447462],[-75.98005,36.435464],[-75.962285,36.41724],[-75.940676,36.41885],[-75.928369,36.428588],[-75.923601,36.425788],[-75.916409,36.38901],[-75.923331,36.361863],[-75.895285,36.319615],[-75.882154,36.284674],[-75.864933,36.284674],[-75.86052,36.280607],[-75.867356,36.252483],[-75.864154,36.235522],[-75.858703,36.222628],[-75.848838,36.21657],[-75.838367,36.200129],[-75.839924,36.17711],[-75.823915,36.158332],[-75.822531,36.145957],[-75.800378,36.112728],[-75.791637,36.082267],[-75.793974,36.07171],[-75.836084,36.092616],[-75.867792,36.127262],[-75.863914,36.159226],[-75.882987,36.186807],[-75.910658,36.212157],[-75.922344,36.244122],[-75.94984,36.25787],[-75.96462,36.254433],[-75.957058,36.247903],[-75.945372,36.222468],[-75.956027,36.198065],[-75.936436,36.18088],[-75.904999,36.164188],[-75.939047,36.165518],[-76.016984,36.186367],[-76.029086,36.202036],[-76.043838,36.210126],[-76.054308,36.229162],[-76.08148,36.237935],[-76.132005,36.287773],[-76.184702,36.298166],[-76.188717,36.281242],[-76.171378,36.265806],[-76.149486,36.263902],[-76.115851,36.214219],[-76.080106,36.19944],[-76.05992,36.15514],[-76.064224,36.143775],[-76.092555,36.135794],[-76.178946,36.123424],[-76.206873,36.137521],[-76.254064,36.18419],[-76.273316,36.189062],[-76.27699,36.184952],[-76.247401,36.161823],[-76.228527,36.130647],[-76.191715,36.107197],[-76.216599,36.095409],[-76.265037,36.104886],[-76.329921,36.133396],[-76.373571,36.138208],[-76.3935,36.163251],[-76.447812,36.192514],[-76.454414,36.189901],[-76.456061,36.183577],[-76.375892,36.12042],[-76.346418,36.121023],[-76.334965,36.110903],[-76.298733,36.1012],[-76.303998,36.092776],[-76.323478,36.084879],[-76.355069,36.086458],[-76.410878,36.078034],[-76.420881,36.06066],[-76.451418,36.039073],[-76.459316,36.024331],[-76.491959,36.018013],[-76.514335,36.00564],[-76.547505,36.009852],[-76.580674,36.00722],[-76.60384,36.033018],[-76.615423,36.037757],[-76.653332,36.035124],[-76.676484,36.043612],[-76.721445,36.147838],[-76.719401,36.199441],[-76.675462,36.266882],[-76.693253,36.278357],[-76.744436,36.212725],[-76.7521,36.147328],[-76.722996,36.066585],[-76.679657,35.991951],[-76.70019,35.964573],[-76.692376,35.945342],[-76.667547,35.933509],[-76.528551,35.944039],[-76.473795,35.960888],[-76.460632,35.970365],[-76.398242,35.984317],[-76.38192,35.971681],[-76.381394,35.96273],[-76.362966,35.942197],[-76.340327,35.94325],[-76.317687,35.946935],[-76.272408,35.972734],[-76.213966,35.988002],[-76.176585,35.993267],[-76.093697,35.993001],[-76.083131,35.989845],[-76.062071,35.993004],[-76.024162,35.970891],[-76.014159,35.957202],[-76.01995,35.934036],[-76.014353,35.920746],[-76.063203,35.853433],[-76.050485,35.806689],[-76.046813,35.717935],[-76.036393,35.690344],[-76.046361,35.659067],[-76.04015,35.65131],[-76.029863,35.649443],[-76.013808,35.669103],[-75.9869,35.768194],[-75.987148,35.836967],[-75.97783,35.897181],[-75.962562,35.901393],[-75.94782,35.920347],[-75.927286,35.93193],[-75.92676,35.940354],[-75.943608,35.952464],[-75.947293,35.959835],[-75.899382,35.977209],[-75.84989,35.976156],[-75.80935,35.959308],[-75.800926,35.944566],[-75.782498,35.935615],[-75.778813,35.918241],[-75.751961,35.878227],[-75.748276,35.852428],[-75.734587,35.839266],[-75.727216,35.822703],[-75.726689,35.811361],[-75.739357,35.770994],[-75.724743,35.742892],[-75.71294,35.69849],[-75.713502,35.693993],[-75.741605,35.672073],[-75.742167,35.655212],[-75.729802,35.625985],[-75.747225,35.610248],[-75.778138,35.592262],[-75.775328,35.579335],[-75.837154,35.570904],[-75.859636,35.586641],[-75.895045,35.573152],[-75.916403,35.538305],[-75.950126,35.530998],[-75.964178,35.511326],[-75.963053,35.493903],[-75.987222,35.484348],[-75.995652,35.475355],[-75.997901,35.453435],[-76.009704,35.442194],[-76.01139,35.423084],[-76.020945,35.410719],[-76.025441,35.408471],[-76.050171,35.415778],[-76.059726,35.410157],[-76.063661,35.405099],[-76.059726,35.383741],[-76.069281,35.370813],[-76.132793,35.349455],[-76.14291,35.338776],[-76.14291,35.32866],[-76.149655,35.326411],[-76.182254,35.336528],[-76.20586,35.336528],[-76.235087,35.350017],[-76.253072,35.350017],[-76.257569,35.344397],[-76.265437,35.343273],[-76.282299,35.345521],[-76.304781,35.355638],[-76.327263,35.356762],[-76.335132,35.355638],[-76.340752,35.346645],[-76.349745,35.345521],[-76.382344,35.356762],[-76.399206,35.348893],[-76.408199,35.350017],[-76.431805,35.362383],[-76.436301,35.37812],[-76.448666,35.383741],[-76.462156,35.380368],[-76.472273,35.371375],[-76.485762,35.371375],[-76.540292,35.410657],[-76.586349,35.508957],[-76.476706,35.511707],[-76.456427,35.550546],[-76.471207,35.55742],[-76.48358,35.538172],[-76.55679,35.528892],[-76.600441,35.538516],[-76.634468,35.510332],[-76.601472,35.460838],[-76.580187,35.387113],[-76.606041,35.387113],[-76.710083,35.427155],[-76.759234,35.418906],[-76.830897,35.447949],[-76.942022,35.473529],[-77.023912,35.514802],[-77.026638,35.490569],[-76.967214,35.438296],[-76.891938,35.433649],[-76.664027,35.345696],[-76.500375,35.321915],[-76.482389,35.314046],[-76.467776,35.276951],[-76.467776,35.261213],[-76.477893,35.243228],[-76.490258,35.233111],[-76.494755,35.212877],[-76.521733,35.192643],[-76.536346,35.174657],[-76.539719,35.166788],[-76.536346,35.142058],[-76.546463,35.122948],[-76.557704,35.116204],[-76.568945,35.097094],[-76.60042,35.067867],[-76.631895,35.056626],[-76.801426,34.964369],[-76.982904,35.060607],[-76.989778,35.045484],[-76.977404,35.004926],[-76.89354,34.957495],[-76.762931,34.920374],[-76.635072,34.989116],[-76.588055,34.991428],[-76.566697,34.998173],[-76.502623,35.007166],[-76.491382,35.017283],[-76.490258,35.034144],[-76.474521,35.070116],[-76.463468,35.076411],[-76.435762,35.057941],[-76.425461,35.001464],[-76.395625,34.975179],[-76.332044,34.970917],[-76.326361,34.976245],[-76.329557,34.986901],[-76.364367,35.034853],[-76.318546,35.020645],[-76.288354,35.005726],[-76.296524,34.976245],[-76.275567,34.960971],[-76.277698,34.940014],[-76.347673,34.872171],[-76.368274,34.872881],[-76.379641,34.86258],[-76.400242,34.855476],[-76.463016,34.785076],[-76.524712,34.681964],[-76.586236,34.698805],[-76.582421,34.767757],[-76.604796,34.787482],[-76.620606,34.784389],[-76.616567,34.714059],[-76.673619,34.71491],[-76.673537,34.70757],[-76.523303,34.652271],[-76.383827,34.807906],[-76.322808,34.86116],[-76.233672,34.925926],[-76.093349,35.048705],[-76.069906,35.075701],[-76.043621,35.070017],[-76.035933,35.058987],[-76.137269,34.987858],[-76.233088,34.905477],[-76.31021,34.852309],[-76.386804,34.784579],[-76.494068,34.66197],[-76.524199,34.615416],[-76.535946,34.588577],[-76.555196,34.615993],[-76.549343,34.645585],[-76.579467,34.660174],[-76.642939,34.677618],[-76.676312,34.693151],[-76.770044,34.696899],[-76.817453,34.693722],[-76.990262,34.669623],[-77.136843,34.632926],[-77.209161,34.605032],[-77.322524,34.535574],[-77.462922,34.471354],[-77.556943,34.417218],[-77.661673,34.341868],[-77.740136,34.272546],[-77.829209,34.162618],[-77.878161,34.067963],[-77.915536,33.971723],[-77.946568,33.912261],[-77.960172,33.853315],[-77.970606,33.844517],[-78.009973,33.861406],[-78.018689,33.888289],[-78.095429,33.906031],[-78.17772,33.914272],[-78.276147,33.912364],[-78.383964,33.901946],[-78.509042,33.865515],[-78.541087,33.851112],[-79.358317,34.545358],[-79.675299,34.804744],[-80.797543,34.819786],[-80.782042,34.935782],[-80.93495,35.107409],[-81.041489,35.044703],[-81.057648,35.062433],[-81.058029,35.07319],[-81.052078,35.096276],[-81.032806,35.108049],[-81.038968,35.126299],[-81.05042,35.131048],[-81.044391,35.147918],[-81.239358,35.159974],[-82.27492,35.200071],[-82.314863,35.191089],[-82.32335,35.184789],[-82.344554,35.193115],[-82.361469,35.190831],[-82.36899,35.181747],[-82.379712,35.186884],[-82.378744,35.198053],[-82.390439,35.215395],[-82.403348,35.204473],[-82.417597,35.200131],[-82.439595,35.165863],[-82.448969,35.165037],[-82.455609,35.177425],[-82.460092,35.178143],[-82.483937,35.173798],[-82.495506,35.164312],[-82.516044,35.163442],[-82.529973,35.155617],[-82.550508,35.159498],[-82.556168,35.151736],[-82.563767,35.151575],[-82.578316,35.142104],[-82.609706,35.139039],[-82.629031,35.126155],[-82.642237,35.129215],[-82.662381,35.118123],[-82.683625,35.125833],[-82.694898,35.098456],[-82.72701,35.094142],[-82.738379,35.079453],[-82.749491,35.078487],[-82.757704,35.068019],[-82.777376,35.064143],[-82.781973,35.066817],[-82.776357,35.081349],[-82.787867,35.085024],[-83.108535,35.000771],[-83.620185,34.992091],[-83.619985,34.986592],[-84.321869,34.988408],[-84.29024,35.225572],[-84.28322,35.226577],[-84.223718,35.269078],[-84.211818,35.266078],[-84.202879,35.255772],[-84.200117,35.244679],[-84.188417,35.239979],[-84.170416,35.245779],[-84.12889,35.243679],[-84.12115,35.250644],[-84.097508,35.247382],[-84.081117,35.261146],[-84.052612,35.269982],[-84.02141,35.301383],[-84.02651,35.309283],[-84.03501,35.311983],[-84.029377,35.333197],[-84.038081,35.348363],[-84.024756,35.353896],[-84.007586,35.371661],[-84.008207,35.389683],[-84.021782,35.407418],[-84.00225,35.422548],[-83.992568,35.438065],[-83.973057,35.448921],[-83.971439,35.455145],[-83.966656,35.454941],[-83.961054,35.462838],[-83.949389,35.461164],[-83.937015,35.471511],[-83.911773,35.476028],[-83.905612,35.48906],[-83.880074,35.518745],[-83.859261,35.521851],[-83.848502,35.519259],[-83.827428,35.524653],[-83.802434,35.541588],[-83.780129,35.550387],[-83.771736,35.562118],[-83.749894,35.561146],[-83.735669,35.565455],[-83.723459,35.561874],[-83.707199,35.568533],[-83.676268,35.570289],[-83.640498,35.566075],[-83.608889,35.579451],[-83.582,35.562684],[-83.56609,35.565993],[-83.498335,35.562981],[-83.485527,35.568204],[-83.479317,35.582764],[-83.455722,35.598045],[-83.445802,35.611803],[-83.421576,35.611186],[-83.396626,35.62272],[-83.388602,35.632352],[-83.366941,35.638728],[-83.35156,35.659858],[-83.334965,35.665471],[-83.321101,35.662815],[-83.312757,35.654809],[-83.297154,35.65775],[-83.290682,35.672638],[-83.258117,35.691924],[-83.255489,35.714974],[-83.251247,35.719916],[-83.240669,35.72676],[-83.214501,35.724434],[-83.18837,35.729798],[-83.159208,35.764892],[-83.120183,35.766234],[-83.07403,35.790016],[-83.036209,35.787405],[-83.001473,35.773752],[-82.992053,35.773948],[-82.964088,35.78998],[-82.961724,35.800491],[-82.945515,35.824662],[-82.920171,35.841664],[-82.918312,35.863977],[-82.901301,35.872593],[-82.901843,35.890274],[-82.911936,35.921618],[-82.901577,35.931446],[-82.898506,35.9451],[-82.874159,35.952698],[-82.860724,35.94743],[-82.852554,35.949089],[-82.826045,35.929721],[-82.82257,35.922531],[-82.804997,35.927168],[-82.805771,35.935316],[-82.800431,35.944155],[-82.787465,35.952163],[-82.785356,35.96253],[-82.774905,35.971978],[-82.785558,35.977795],[-82.785267,35.987927],[-82.776001,36.000103],[-82.750065,36.006004],[-82.688865,36.038604],[-82.684765,36.045004],[-82.637165,36.065805],[-82.618664,36.056105],[-82.618164,36.047005],[-82.609663,36.044906],[-82.596177,36.03188],[-82.595525,36.026012],[-82.614362,36.003506],[-82.613028,35.994],[-82.604239,35.987319],[-82.610889,35.967409],[-82.581003,35.965557],[-82.576678,35.959255],[-82.557874,35.953901],[-82.549682,35.964275],[-82.507068,35.977475],[-82.483498,35.996284],[-82.460658,36.007809],[-82.409458,36.083409],[-82.355157,36.115609],[-82.336756,36.114909],[-82.321448,36.119551],[-82.289455,36.13571],[-82.270954,36.12761],[-82.260353,36.13371],[-82.247521,36.130865],[-82.213852,36.159112],[-82.182549,36.143714],[-82.147948,36.149516],[-82.136547,36.128817],[-82.137974,36.119576],[-82.127146,36.104417],[-82.105444,36.108119],[-82.080303,36.105728],[-82.061342,36.113121],[-82.054142,36.126821],[-82.033141,36.120422],[-81.908137,36.302013],[-81.879382,36.313767],[-81.857333,36.334787],[-81.841268,36.343321],[-81.800812,36.358073],[-81.766102,36.338517],[-81.730976,36.341187],[-81.707438,36.335171],[-81.707785,36.346007],[-81.721334,36.353101],[-81.732865,36.376502],[-81.729813,36.388033],[-81.737952,36.39719],[-81.739648,36.406686],[-81.720734,36.422537],[-81.715229,36.436532],[-81.71489,36.45722],[-81.695311,36.467912],[-81.697829,36.507544],[-81.707573,36.526101],[-81.707963,36.536209],[-81.699962,36.536829],[-81.69003,36.552154],[-81.690236,36.568718],[-81.677036,36.570718],[-81.677535,36.588117],[-81.003802,36.563629],[-80.837954,36.559131],[-80.704831,36.562319],[-80.295243,36.543973],[-80.122183,36.542646],[-78.529722,36.540981],[-77.16966,36.547315],[-77.152691,36.544078],[-76.916048,36.543815],[-76.916989,36.550742],[-76.12236,36.550621]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"North Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}\n","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64956e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gunter, H.C.","contributorId":7740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gunter","given":"H.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mason, R.R.","contributorId":34520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mason","given":"R.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stamey, T. C.","contributorId":95496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stamey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28402,"text":"wri864356 - 1987 - Effects on water quality due to flood-water detention by Barker and Addicks Reservoirs, Houston, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T11:27:09","indexId":"wri864356","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4356","title":"Effects on water quality due to flood-water detention by Barker and Addicks Reservoirs, Houston, Texas","docAbstract":"The Barker and Addicks Reservoirs, located about 16 miles west of Houston, Texas, provide flood-detention storage for storm runoff. Of interest are the water-quality characteristics in the study area and changes in water quality during detention. Study area sampling sites were selected upstream along Buffalo Bayou for Barker Reservoir and on Bear Creek and Langham Creek for Addicks Reservoir, within the reservoirs, near the reservoir outflows, and below the confluence of each reservoir outflow at the streamflow station Buffalo Bayou near Addicks. Flow data were available at all sites except in the reservoirs. Analyses of samples collected during both low flow and storm runoff show that, in general, the waters of the study area were low in mineralization, but the aesthetics of the water was a problem.
\nThe inorganic constituents, trace metals, and pesticides rarely exceeded maximum contaminant levels recommended by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency for public supply using 1976 and 1977 criteria for primary and secondary standards. All species of nutrients, except ammonia nitrogen and phosphorus, almost always were below the recommended maximum contaminant levels. Phosphorus almost always exceeded these levels.
\nAesthetic problems are evident. Large values of suspended solids, turbidity, and color were common. Small dissolved-oxygen values commonly occurred in the reservoirs. Possible bacterial problems are indicated because coliformbacteria densities exceeded recommended levels in about 25 percent of the samples.
\nThe effects of the reservoirs on the water-quality characteristics of storm runoff were analyzed using three approaches. The first approach was a comparison of the discharge-weighted average values of nine selected constituents at each streamflow-gaging station during four storms. Reservoir effects on the quality of runoff detained 1 to 4 days in the two reservoirs were inconsistent. However, the reservoirs consistently had an effect on the water quality of runoff that was detained the longest (more than 8 days). Biochemical oxygen demand, suspended solids, turbidity, color, total nitrogen, and total organic carbon discharge-weighted average values were consistently smaller after flowing through the reservoirs. Dissolved solids and total phosphorus values were consistently larger after flowing through the reservoirs.
\nThe second approach was an analysis of the means of the discharge-weighted average values computed for the four hydrologic events using the Student t-test. Statistical results Indicate that reservoir detention significantly reduced suspended solids (the mean decreased from 178 milligrams per liter at the Inflows to 105 milligrams per liter at the outflows) and turbidity (the mean decreased from 119 nephelometrlc turbidity units at the inflows to 66 nephelometric turbidity units at the outflows).
\nThe third approach was a comparison at each site of the mean, maximum, and minimum values computed for seven constituents that did not correlate with discharge. These constituents or properties of water were temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, dissolved oxygen percent saturation, total-coliform bacteria, fecal-conform bacteria, and fecal-streptococci bacteria. The only consistent water-quality changes observed were with the three bacteria groups, which were decreased by flood-water detention.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri864356","usgsCitation":"Liscum, F., Goss, R., and Paul, E., 1987, Effects on water quality due to flood-water detention by Barker and Addicks Reservoirs, Houston, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4356, v, 96 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864356.","productDescription":"v, 96 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57208,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4356/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123979,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4356/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","otherGeospatial":"Addicks Reservoir, Barker Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.84403991699217,\n 29.68328053373362\n ],\n [\n -95.84403991699217,\n 29.981107684467244\n ],\n [\n -95.49934387207031,\n 29.981107684467244\n ],\n [\n -95.49934387207031,\n 29.68328053373362\n ],\n [\n -95.84403991699217,\n 29.68328053373362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a25e4b07f02db60ee77","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Liscum, Fred","contributorId":95463,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Liscum","given":"Fred","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goss, R.L.","contributorId":83143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goss","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Paul, E.M.","contributorId":65089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paul","given":"E.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":28418,"text":"wri874094 - 1987 - Techniques for estimating regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the plains region of eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:47","indexId":"wri874094","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4094","title":"Techniques for estimating regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the plains region of eastern Colorado","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri874094","usgsCitation":"Livingston, R., and Minges, D., 1987, Techniques for estimating regional flood characteristics of small rural watersheds in the plains region of eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4094, vi, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874094.","productDescription":"vi, 72 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159082,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4094/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57220,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Livingston, R.K.","contributorId":49006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Livingston","given":"R.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Minges, D.R.","contributorId":31387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minges","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":26985,"text":"wri854199 - 1987 - An evaluation of the bedrock aquifer system in northeastern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-20T13:48:45","indexId":"wri854199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4199","title":"An evaluation of the bedrock aquifer system in northeastern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"Ground water is a major source of water in northeastern Wisconsin. The lower Fox River valley, located between Lake Winnebago and Green Bay in northeastern Wisconsin, is the second largest population center in Wisconsin. By 1957, ground-water withdrawals had lowered the potentiometric surface of the aquifer system as much as 440 feet below prepumping levels. With the exception of the city of Green Bay, which converted from ground water to surface water (Lake Michigan) for their municipal water supply in 1957, ground-water withdrawals have continually increased.
\nThe report evaluates the bedrock aquifer system in northeastern Wisconsin and describes how the flow regimes in the system have been altered due to ground-water withdrawals. A three-dimensional finite-difference groundwater flow model was used to aid in evaluation of the regional flow system. In order to simplify the study of the aquifer system, the geologic units were grouped into eight geohydrologic units consisting of four aquifers and four confining beds. The aquifers are the more permeable sand and gravel layers in the surficial deposits (aquifer 4), Devonian dolomite-Silurian dolomite (aquifer 3), St. Peter Sandstone- Prairie du Chien Group-Jordan Sandstone Member of the Trempealeau Formation (aquifer 2), and the Galesville Sandstone-Eau Claire Sandstone-Mount Simon Sandstone (aquifer 1). The confining beds are the less permeable silts and clays in the surficial deposits (confining bed 4), Maquoketa Shale-Galena Dolomite-Decorah Shale-Platteville Formation (confining bed 3), St. Lawrence Member of the Trempealeau Formation-Franconia Sandstone (confining bed 2), and the Precambrian crystalline rock (confining bed 1).
\nThe following aquifer and confining-bed characteristics were determined to represent the aquifer system of northeastern Wisconsin and were used in the development of the model. Aquifer 4 acts as an upper boundary of the bedrock aquifer system. The hydraulic conductivity of aquifer 3 was 7.9 feet per day and the storage coefficient was estimated to be 0.01. Transmissivity input values to the model for aquifer 2 are based on hydraulic conductivities ranging from 3 to 8 feet per day. The storage coefficient for aquifer 2 was 0.0002. The transmissivity input values to the model for aquifer 1 are based on hydraulic conductivities ranging from 2.5 to 8 feet per day and the storage coefficient was 0.0002. Confining bed 4 acts as an upper confining unit for the underlying bedrock aquifers. A vertical hydraulic conductivity of 0.007 foot per day was assigned to represent confining bed 4. The vertical hydraulic conductivity of confining bed 3 was assigned values of 0.0001 to 0.000004 foot per day. A value of 0.00001 foot per day was used as the vertical hydraulic conductivity for confining bed 2. Confining bed 1 is a lower boundary of the system and was not modeled.
\nModel simulations indicate that, by 1914, ground-water withdrawals from the aquifer system had already impacted the study area. Pumping in the Green Bay metropolitan area had lowered the potentiometric heads in aquifer 1 by 69 feet and in aquifer 2 by 55 feet. Model simulations indicate that, by 1981, ground-water withdrawals have caused a cone of depression centered in the city of De Pere area. The influence of the cone affects almost the entire study area and has significantly altered the horizontal and vertical flow regimes in the aquifer system. In 1981, computed drawdowns below the prepumping potentiometric surface of aquifer 1 range from 0 feet on the western side of the study area to 330 feet in the center of the cone of depression. In aquifer 2, the computed drawdown ranges from 0 feet on the western side of the study area to 253 feet in the center of the cone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854199","usgsCitation":"Emmons, P., 1987, An evaluation of the bedrock aquifer system in northeastern Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4199, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854199.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":124295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4199/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55872,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4199/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 45.92822950933618\n ],\n [\n -85.770263671875,\n 45.92822950933618\n ],\n [\n -85.770263671875,\n 43.50075243569041\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 43.50075243569041\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6848ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Emmons, P.J.","contributorId":60630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emmons","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}