Piñon–juniper (PJ) woodlands are a dominant community type across the Intermountain West, comprising over a million acres and experiencing critical effects from increasing wildfire. Large PJ mortality and regeneration failure after catastrophic wildfire have elevated concerns about the long-term viability of PJ woodlands. Thinning is increasingly used to safeguard forests from fire and in an attempt to increase climate resilience. We have only a limited understanding of how fire and thinning will affect the structure and function of PJ ecosystems. Here, we examined vegetation structure, microclimate conditions, and PJ regeneration dynamics following ~20 years post-fire and thinning treatments. We found that burned areas had undergone a state shift that did not show signs of returning to their previous state. This shift was characterized by (1) distinct plant community composition dominated by grasses; (2) a lack of PJ recruitment; (3) a decrease in the sizes of interspaces in between plants; (4) lower abundance of late successional biological soil crusts; (5) lower mean and minimum daily soil moisture values; (6) lower minimum daily vapor pressure deficit; and (7) higher photosynthetically active radiation. Thinning created distinct plant communities and served as an intermediate between intact and burned communities. More intensive thinning decreased PJ recruitment and late successional biocrust cover. Our results indicate that fire has the potential to create drier and more stressful microsite conditions, and that, in the absence of active management following fire, there may be shifts to persistent ecological states dominated by grasses. Additionally, more intensive thinning had a larger impact on community structure and recruitment than less intensive thinning, suggesting that careful consideration of goals could help avoid unintended consequences. While our results indicate the vulnerability of PJ ecosystems to fire, they also highlight management actions that could be adapted to create conditions that promote PJ re-establishment.
Uranium (U) is an important global energy resource and a redox sensitive trace element that reflects changing environmental conditions and geochemical cycling. The redox evolution of U mineral chemistry can be interrogated to understand the formation and distribution of U deposits and the redox processes involved in U geochemistry throughout Earth history. In this study, geochemical modeling using thermodynamic data, and mineral chemistry network analysis are used to investigate U geochemistry and deposition through time. The number of U6+ mineral localities surpasses the number of U4+ mineral localities in the Paleoproterozoic. Moreover, the number of sedimentary U6+ mineral localities increases earlier in the Phanerozoic than the number of U4+ sedimentary mineral localities, likely due to the necessity of sufficient sedimentary organic matter to reduce U6+–U4+. Indeed, modeling calculations indicate that increased oxidative weathering due to surface oxygenation limited U4+ uraninite (UO2) formation from weathered granite and basalt. Louvain network community detection shows that U6+ forms minerals with many more shared elements and redox states than U4+. The range of weighted Mineral Element Electronegativity Coefficient of Variation (wMEECV) values of U6+ minerals increases through time, particularly during the Phanerozoic. Conversely, the range of wMEECV values of U4+ minerals is consistent through time due to the relative abundance of uraninite, coffinite, and brannerite. The late oxidation and formation of U6+ minerals compared to S6+ minerals illustrates the importance of the development of land plants, organic matter deposition, and redox-controlled U deposition from ground water in continental sediments during this time-period.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2023GC011267","usgsCitation":"Moore, E.K., Li, J., Zhang, A., Hao, J., Morrison, S.M., Hummer, D., and Yee, N., 2024, Uranium redox and deposition transitions embedded in deep-time geochemical models and mineral chemistry networks: Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems, v. 25, no. 2, e2023GC011267, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2023GC011267.","productDescription":"e2023GC011267, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157203","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2023gc011267","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":425607,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, Elisha Kelly 0000-0002-9750-7769","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9750-7769","contributorId":334043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"Elisha","email":"","middleInitial":"Kelly","affiliations":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Li, J.","contributorId":189495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Li","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Ao","contributorId":334045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Ao","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80053,"text":"Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hao, Jihua","contributorId":334047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hao","given":"Jihua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80053,"text":"Deep Space Exploration Laboratory/Chinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Crust-Mantle Materials and Environments, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morrison, Shaunna M.","contributorId":261814,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Shaunna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":53026,"text":"Carnegie Institute for Science","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hummer, Daniel","contributorId":334048,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hummer","given":"Daniel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80056,"text":"School of Earth Systems and Sustainability, Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Il, United States","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yee, Nathan 0000-0002-1023-5271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1023-5271","contributorId":245952,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yee","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12727,"text":"Rutgers University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70251767,"text":"70251767 - 2024 - Quantitative microbial risk assessment for ingestion of antibiotic resistance genes from private wells contaminated by human and livestock fecal sources","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-10T15:59:44.068078","indexId":"70251767","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-09T08:51:14","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":850,"text":"Applied and Environmental Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantitative microbial risk assessment for ingestion of antibiotic resistance genes from private wells contaminated by human and livestock fecal sources","docAbstract":"We used quantitative microbial risk assessment to estimate ingestion risk for intI1, erm(B), sul1, tet(A), tet(W), and tet(X) in private wells contaminated by human and/or livestock feces. Genes were quantified with five human-specific and six bovine-specific microbial source-tracking (MST) markers in 138 well-water samples from a rural Wisconsin county. Daily ingestion risk (probability of swallowing ≥1 gene) was based on daily water consumption and a Poisson exposure model. Calculations were stratified by MST source and soil depth over the aquifer where wells were drilled. Relative ingestion risk was estimated using wells with no MST detections and >6.1 m soil depth as a referent category. Daily ingestion risk varied from 0 to 8.8 × 10−1 by gene and fecal source (i.e., human or bovine). The estimated number of residents ingesting target genes from private wells varied from 910 (tet(A)) to 1,500 (intI1 and tet(X)) per day out of 12,000 total. Relative risk of tet(A) ingestion was significantly higher in wells with MST markers detected, including wells with ≤6.1 m soil depth contaminated by bovine markers (2.2 [90% CI: 1.1–4.7]), wells with >6.1 m soil depth contaminated by bovine markers (1.8 [1.002–3.9]), and wells with ≤6.1 m soil depth contaminated by bovine and human markers simultaneously (3.1 [1.7–6.5]). Antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) were not necessarily present in viable microorganisms, and ingestion is not directly associated with infection. However, results illustrate relative contributions of human and livestock fecal sources to ARG exposure and highlight rural groundwater as a significant point of exposure.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/aem.01629-23","usgsCitation":"Burch, T., Stokdyk, J.P., Durso, L., and Borchardt, M.A., 2024, Quantitative microbial risk assessment for ingestion of antibiotic resistance genes from private wells contaminated by human and livestock fecal sources: Applied and Environmental Microbiology, v. 90, no. 3, e01629-23, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1128/aem.01629-23.","productDescription":"e01629-23, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157731","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440465,"rank":2,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/10952444","text":"External Repository"},{"id":426052,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Kewaunee County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-87.3761,44.6754],[-87.3774,44.674],[-87.381,44.6636],[-87.3858,44.6545],[-87.3911,44.6473],[-87.3944,44.6442],[-87.3966,44.6378],[-87.4045,44.6302],[-87.4085,44.6257],[-87.4137,44.6235],[-87.4223,44.6145],[-87.4263,44.61],[-87.4341,44.6056],[-87.442,44.6011],[-87.4428,44.5934],[-87.4468,44.5893],[-87.4502,44.5816],[-87.4544,44.5721],[-87.4604,44.5622],[-87.4664,44.555],[-87.4738,44.5455],[-87.476,44.5369],[-87.4761,44.5305],[-87.4796,44.5223],[-87.4851,44.5106],[-87.488,44.4974],[-87.4959,44.4706],[-87.5046,44.4575],[-87.5041,44.4534],[-87.5062,44.4457],[-87.5064,44.4375],[-87.5074,44.4279],[-87.5121,44.4188],[-87.5163,44.408],[-87.5191,44.3998],[-87.5212,44.3907],[-87.5209,44.3816],[-87.5218,44.3734],[-87.5232,44.3688],[-87.5279,44.3602],[-87.5351,44.3521],[-87.5386,44.3422],[-87.5368,44.338],[-87.5408,44.3331],[-87.5454,44.3277],[-87.6445,44.3273],[-87.7665,44.3271],[-87.7655,44.4146],[-87.7646,44.5017],[-87.7643,44.5888],[-87.7628,44.6477],[-87.7582,44.6522],[-87.7555,44.6558],[-87.7547,44.6608],[-87.7507,44.6667],[-87.7435,44.673],[-87.7389,44.6775],[-87.6413,44.6757],[-87.5193,44.6753],[-87.4384,44.6754],[-87.3973,44.6753],[-87.3761,44.6754]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kewaunee\",\"state\":\"WI\"}}]}","volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burch, Tucker R.","contributorId":195801,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"Tucker R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stokdyk, Joel P. 0000-0003-2887-6277 jstokdyk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2887-6277","contributorId":193848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stokdyk","given":"Joel","email":"jstokdyk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Durso, Lisa","contributorId":300169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Durso","given":"Lisa","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":895477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Borchardt, Mark A. 0000-0002-6471-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6471-2627","contributorId":151033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borchardt","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6684,"text":"USDA Forest Service, Southern Research Station, Aiken, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70264173,"text":"70264173 - 2024 - Current status of the community sensor model standard for the generation of planetary digital terrain models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-07T15:31:29.14539","indexId":"70264173","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-09T08:25:31","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Current status of the community sensor model standard for the generation of planetary digital terrain models","docAbstract":"The creation of accurate elevation models (topography) from stereo images are critical for a large variety of geospatial activities, including the production of digital orthomosaics, change detection, landing site analysis, geologic mapping, rover traverse planning, and spectral analysis. The United Stated Geological Survey, Astrogeology Science Center, continues to transition the supported planetary sensor models to the Community Sensor Model (CSM) standard. This paper describes the current state of use for this photogrammetric standard, supported sensor model types, and qualitatively compares derived topography between SOCET SET and SOCET GXP (®BAE Systems) using HiRISE stereo images of Mars. Our transition to the CSM standard will ensure an uninterrupted capability to make these valuable products for Mars and many other extraterrestrial planets and moons.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs16040648","usgsCitation":"Hare, T.M., Kirk, R.L., Bland, M.T., Galuszka, D.M., Laura, J., Mayer, D., Redding, B.L., and Wheeler, B.H., 2024, Current status of the community sensor model standard for the generation of planetary digital terrain models: Remote Sensing, v. 16, no. 4, 648, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040648.","productDescription":"648, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176612","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487730,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs16040648","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":483054,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hare, Trent M. 0000-0001-8842-389X thare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8842-389X","contributorId":3188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hare","given":"Trent","email":"thare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kirk, Randolph L. 0000-0003-0842-9226 rkirk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0842-9226","contributorId":2765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirk","given":"Randolph","email":"rkirk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bland, Michael T. 0000-0001-5543-1519 mbland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5543-1519","contributorId":146287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bland","given":"Michael","email":"mbland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galuszka, Donna M. 0000-0003-1870-1182 dgaluszka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1870-1182","contributorId":3186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galuszka","given":"Donna","email":"dgaluszka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Laura, Jason 0000-0002-1377-8159","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1377-8159","contributorId":222124,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laura","given":"Jason","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Mayer, David 0000-0001-8351-1807","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8351-1807","contributorId":215429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"David","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Redding, Bonnie L. 0000-0001-8178-1467 bredding@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-1467","contributorId":4798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Redding","given":"Bonnie","email":"bredding@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wheeler, Benjamin H 0000-0001-7070-9064 bwheeler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7070-9064","contributorId":290755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Benjamin","email":"bwheeler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":930010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70252723,"text":"70252723 - 2024 - Geoelectric evidence for a wide spatial footprint of active extension in central Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T12:11:52.169055","indexId":"70252723","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-09T07:09:44","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geoelectric evidence for a wide spatial footprint of active extension in central Colorado","docAbstract":"Three-dimensional magnetotelluric (MT) imaging in central Colorado reveals a set of north-striking high-conductivity tracks at lower-crustal (50–20 km) depths, with conductive finger-like structures rising off these tracks into the middle crust (20–5 km depth). We interpret these features to represent saline aqueous fluids and partial melt that are products of active extensional tectonomagmatism. These conductors are distributed over a wider region than the narrow corridor along which Rio Grande rift structures are traditionally mapped at the surface, and they consequently demarcate regions of the lower crust where accommodation of bulk extensional strain has concentrated conductive phases. Our observations reveal limitations in existing models of Rio Grande rift activity and may reflect unrecognized spatiotemporal variations in rift system evolution globally.
There are expectations that increasing temperatures will lead to significant changes in structure and function of montane meadows, including greater water stress on vegetation and lowered vegetation production and productivity. We evaluated spatio-temporal dynamics in production and productivity in meadows within the Sierra Nevada mountain range of North America by: (1) compiling Landsat satellite data for the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across a 37-year period (1985–2021) for 8,095 meadows >2,500 m elevation; then, (2) used state-space models, changepoint analysis, geographically-weighted regression (GWR), and distance-decay analysis (DDA) to: (a) identify meadows with decreasing, increasing or no trends for NDVI; (b) detect meadows with abrupt changes (changepoints) in NDVI; and (c) evaluate variation along gradients of latitude, longitude, and elevation for eight indices of temporal dynamics in annual production (mean growing season NDVI; MGS) and productivity (rate of spring greenup; RSP). Meadows with no long-term change or evidence of increasing NDVI were 2.6x more frequent as those with decreasing NDVI (72% vs. 28%). Abrupt changes in NDVI were detected in 48% of the meadows; they occurred in every year of the study and with no indication that their frequency had changed over time. The intermixing of meadows with different temporal dynamics was a consistent pattern for monthly NDVI and, especially, the eight annual indices of MGS and RSP. The DDA showed temporal dynamics in pairs of meadow within a few 100 m of each other were often as different as those hundreds of kilometers apart. Our findings point strongly toward a great diversity of temporal dynamics in meadow production and productivity in the SNV. The heterogeneity in spatial patterns indicated that production and productivity of meadow vegetation is being driven by interplay among climatic, physiographic and biotic factors at basin and meadow scales. Thus, when evaluating spatio-temporal dynamics in condition for many high elevation meadow systems, what might often be considered “noise” may provide greater insight than a “signal” embedded within a large amount of variability.
Glandular trichomes are implicated in direct and indirect defense of plants. However, the degree to which glandular and non-glandular trichomes have evolved as a consequence of herbivory remains unclear, because their heritability, their association with herbivore resistance, their trade-offs with one another, and their association with other functions are rarely quantified.
We conducted a phylogenetic comparison of trichomes and herbivore resistance against the generalist caterpillar, Heliothis virescens, among tarweed species (Asteraceae: Madiinae) and a genetic correlation study comparing those same traits among maternal half-sibs of three tarweed species.
Within a tarweed species, we found no evidence that herbivore growth rate decreased on tarweed individuals or maternal sib groups with more glandularity or denser trichomes. However, tarweed species with more glandularity and fewer non-glandular trichomes resulted in slower-growing herbivores. Likewise, a trade-off between glandular and non-glandular trichomes was apparent among tarweed species, but not among individuals or sib groups within a species.
Our results suggest that this key herbivore does not select for trichomes as a direct defense in tarweed species. However, trichomes differed substantially among species and likely affect herbivore pressure on those species. Our results demonstrate that trade-offs among plant traits, as well as inference on the function of those traits, can depend on scale.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ajb2.16281","usgsCitation":"Pearse, I., LoPresti, E., Baldwin, B., and Krimmel, B., 2024, The evolution of glandularity as a defense against herbivores in the tarweed clade: American Journal of Botany, v. 111, no. 2, e16281, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16281.","productDescription":"e16281, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-152916","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498964,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ajb2.16281","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427236,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"111","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pearse, Ian S. 0000-0001-7098-0495","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7098-0495","contributorId":211154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearse","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LoPresti, Eric","contributorId":208296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LoPresti","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Baldwin, Bruce","contributorId":335203,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baldwin","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Krimmel, Billy","contributorId":208297,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Billy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37779,"text":"Restoration Landscaping Company","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251538,"text":"70251538 - 2024 - Multi-criteria decision approach for climate adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States: Application of AHP method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T12:47:28.106579","indexId":"70251538","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-09T06:46:44","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5474,"text":"Climate Risk Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-criteria decision approach for climate adaptation of cultural resources along the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States: Application of AHP method","docAbstract":"Prioritizing climate adaptation actions is often made difficult by stakeholders and decision-makers having multiple objectives, some of which may be competing. Transparent, transferable, and objective methods are needed to assess and weight different objectives for complex decisions with multiple interests. In this study, the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) was used to examine priorities in managing cultural resources in the face of climate change at Cape Lookout National Seashore on the Atlantic coast of the southeastern United States. In this process, we conducted facilitated discussion sessions with the selected stakeholder representatives to elicit a comprehensive list of management objectives. Objectives were then merged into three categories: 1) Maximize retention of historic character and condition (HCC); 2) Foster heritage awareness (HA); and 3) Maximize financial benefits (FB). We facilitated two AHP exercise sessions, both individually and in groups, to seek consensus on the relative importance of the objectives. The AHP process created a space for stakeholders (government agencies and local citizens) to consider and present arguments that we used to contextualize their trade-offs between the objectives. The stakeholders' top priority was to maximize the HCC. This objective was prioritized more than HA and FB in the individual trade-off choices, while HA was given nearly equal priority to FB. The consensus priority vectors of two management objectives (HCC and HA) differ significantly from FB, but the difference between HCC and HA is slight and not statistically different. FB and HA had larger changes in consensus priority vectors among the three objectives relative to individual priority vectors. For HCC, the difference between individual and consensus priority vectors was the smallest and nearly equal. Moreover, very high levels of consistency were found in consensus priority trade-off discussions and AHP application. Our research highlights the advantage of using a two-step AHP process in climate adaptation planning of vulnerable resources to enhance robustness in decision making. Coupling this approach with future efforts to develop management priorities would help estimate indices to determine the order in which adaptation treatments are applied to vulnerable cultural resources.
Increases in fluxes of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) in the environment have led to negative impacts affecting drinking water, eutrophication, harmful algal blooms, climate change, and biodiversity loss. Because of the importance, scale, and complexity of these issues, it may be useful to consider methods for prioritizing nutrient research in representative drainage basins within a regional or national context. Two systematic, quantitative approaches were developed to (1) identify basins that geospatial data suggest are most impacted by nutrients and (2) identify basins that have the most variability in factors affecting nutrient sources and transport in order to prioritize basins for studies that seek to understand the key drivers of nutrient impacts. The “impact” approach relied on geospatial variables representing surface-water and groundwater nutrient concentrations, sources of N and P, and potential impacts on receptors (i.e., ecosystems and human health). The “variability” approach relied on geospatial variables representing surface-water nutrient concentrations, factors affecting sources and transport of nutrients, model accuracy, and potential receptor impacts. One hundred and sixty-three drainage basins throughout the contiguous United States were ranked nationally and within 18 hydrologic regions. Nationally, the top-ranked basins from the impact approach were concentrated in the Midwest, while those from the variability approach were dispersed across the nation. Regionally, the top-ranked basin selected by the two approaches differed in 15 of the 18 regions, with top-ranked basins selected by the variability approach having lower minimum concentrations and larger ranges in concentrations than top-ranked basins selected by the impact approach. The highest ranked basins identified using the variability approach may have advantages for exploring how landscape factors affect surface-water quality and how surface-water quality may affect ecosystems. In contrast, the impact approach prioritized basins in terms of human development and nutrient concentrations in both surface water and groundwater, thereby targeting areas where actions to reduce nutrient concentrations could have the largest effect on improving water availability and reducing ecosystem impacts.
Per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) are synthetic chemicals with a nondegradable fluorinated carbon backbone that have been incorporated in countless industrial and commercial applications. Because PFAS are nondegradable, they have been detected in all environmental media, indicating extensive global contamination. The unique physiochemical properties of PFAS and their complex interactions with environmental matrices create a great challenge for researchers when selecting site-specific sample matrices, sampling logistics, various analytical methods, and data interpretation. The widespread contamination and the potential toxicity of PFAS to human and environmental health have resulted in the proposed designation of two commonly used PFAS as hazardous substances, which may prompt new requirements for reporting, regulatory action, and site cleanup. For researchers involved in natural resource damage assessment efforts, understanding the multifaceted dynamics of the environmental fate and transport of PFAS will be essential for appropriate sample collections, analyses, and data interpretation. This guide aims to provide fundamental concepts and considerations involved with environmental sampling for PFAS during site assessments.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241001","usgsCitation":"Pulster, E.L., Bowman, S.R., Keele, L., and Steevens, J., 2024, Guide to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) sampling within Natural Resource Damage Assessment and Restoration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1001, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241001.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","numberOfPages":"68","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-154208","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425487,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1001/images/"},{"id":425486,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1001/ofr20241001.XML"},{"id":425485,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1001/ofr20241001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024–1001"},{"id":425484,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425489,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241001/full"}],"contact":"Director, Columbia Environmental Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4200 New Haven Road
Columbia, MO 65201
More than 20,000 horizontal wells have been drilled and hydraulically fractured in the Eagle Ford Group since the discovery well in 2008, but a considerable amount of undiscovered petroleum remains. Recently, drilled wells have been hydraulically fractured with an average of nearly 13 million gallons of water and 16 million lb of sand, yielding a million or more gallons of produced water. To inform future petroleum development in the Eagle Ford, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a water and proppant assessment using a geology-based approach that builds on the 2018 USGS assessment of undiscovered technically recoverable petroleum. Using probabilistic input values and a Monte Carlo simulation, we determined that production of the remaining undiscovered technically recoverable oil and gas in the Eagle Ford Group would require approximately 687,565 Mgal (millions of gallons) of water and 839,702,000,000 lb of proppant (both are mean values of output distributions). This possible future petroleum production would also include 176,817 Mgal (mean value) of produced formation water. On average, oil wells require water volumes that are approximately twice the volume of oil that will be produced, and Eagle Ford gas wells require approximately 5.21 Mgal of water per billion cubic feet of gas (bcfg). Produced formation water volumes are approximately 60% of the produced oil volume and, for gas wells, will yield approximately 1 Mgal formation water per bcfg. Understanding the water and proppant requirements associated with petroleum exploration and the resulting volume of produced water can inform decisions regarding the future of Eagle Ford development.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c03509","usgsCitation":"Gianoutsos, N.J., Haines, S.S., Varela, B.A., and Whidden, K.J., 2024, Examining water and proppant demand, and produced water production, associated with petroleum resource development in the Eagle Ford Group, Texas: Energy & Fuels, v. 38, no. 5, p. 3564-3585, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c03509.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"3564","endPage":"3585","ipdsId":"IP-142564","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440481,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.energyfuels.3c03509","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":425609,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Eagle Ford group","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -99.34582384675397,\n 27.138149862898885\n ],\n [\n -97.18812799013264,\n 27.288809241298637\n ],\n [\n -93.65802227352899,\n 29.924782841550652\n ],\n [\n -94.22380600403298,\n 33.39638912608686\n ],\n [\n -97.69912099661491,\n 33.650907038344755\n ],\n [\n -99.73744590037893,\n 31.276596771010205\n ],\n [\n -100.21262723536495,\n 28.353339606518134\n ],\n [\n -99.34582384675397,\n 27.138149862898885\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gianoutsos, Nicholas J. 0000-0002-6510-6549 ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6510-6549","contributorId":3607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gianoutsos","given":"Nicholas","email":"ngianoutsos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haines, Seth S. 0000-0003-2611-8165 shaines@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2611-8165","contributorId":1344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haines","given":"Seth","email":"shaines@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varela, Brian A. 0000-0001-9849-6742 bvarela@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9849-6742","contributorId":178091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varela","given":"Brian","email":"bvarela@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Whidden, Katherine J. 0000-0002-7841-2553 kwhidden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7841-2553","contributorId":3960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whidden","given":"Katherine","email":"kwhidden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251443,"text":"70251443 - 2024 - Rayleigh step-selection functions and connections to continuous-time mechanistic movement models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T14:10:15.47688","indexId":"70251443","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-08T08:08:20","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2792,"text":"Movement Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rayleigh step-selection functions and connections to continuous-time mechanistic movement models","docAbstract":"The process known as ecological diffusion emerges from a first principles view of animal movement, but ecological diffusion and other partial differential equation models can be difficult to fit to data. Step-selection functions (SSFs), on the other hand, have emerged as powerful practical tools for ecologists studying the movement and habitat selection of animals.
SSFs typically involve comparing resources between a set of used and available points at each step in a sequence of observed positions. We use change of variables to show that ecological diffusion implies certain distributions for available steps that are more flexible than others commonly used. We then demonstrate advantages of these distributions with SSF models fit to data collected for a mountain lion in Colorado, USA.
We show that connections between ecological diffusion and SSFs imply a Rayleigh step-length distribution and uniform turning angle distribution, which can accommodate data collected at irregular time intervals. The results of fitting an SSF model with these distributions compared to a set of commonly used distributions revealed how precision and inference can vary between the two approaches.
Our new continuous-time step-length distribution can be integrated into various forms of SSFs, making them applicable to data sets with irregular time intervals between successive animal locations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1186/s40462-023-00442-w","usgsCitation":"Eisaguirre, J.M., Williams, P.J., and Hooten, M.B., 2024, Rayleigh step-selection functions and connections to continuous-time mechanistic movement models: Movement Ecology, v. 12, 14, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00442-w.","productDescription":"14, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-150225","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s40462-023-00442-w","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":425569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eisaguirre, Joseph Michael 0000-0002-0450-8472","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0450-8472","contributorId":301980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eisaguirre","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Perry J.","contributorId":169058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Perry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25400,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Big Oaks National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, Mevin B. 0000-0002-1614-723X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-723X","contributorId":292295,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooten","given":"Mevin","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70251429,"text":"70251429 - 2024 - Hydrothermal plume fallout, mass wasting, and volcanic eruptions contribute to sediments at Loki’s Castle vent field, Mohns Ridge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-10T13:41:27.730807","indexId":"70251429","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-08T07:37:06","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1757,"text":"Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal plume fallout, mass wasting, and volcanic eruptions contribute to sediments at Loki’s Castle vent field, Mohns Ridge","docAbstract":"Sediments surrounding hydrothermal vents are important transition spaces between hydrothermal and pelagic environments. These sediments accumulate through diverse processes that include water column plume fallout, volcanic ash deposition, and mass wasting of hydrothermal chimneys and mounds superimposed upon background sedimentation which may originate from pelagic, terrestrial, and volcanic sources. In addition to being a sink for elements discharged from hydrothermal vents, elements may also be scavenged from seawater onto oxidized hydrothermal material. Preservation of these hydrothermal sediments may occur depending on the extent of oxidative and/or reductive dissolution processes after burial. Sediments remaining adjacent to active venting may also be hydrothermally altered after emplacement. To better understand these processes, here we evaluate sediment push cores collected from the Loki's Castle vent field at the intersection of the slow-ultraslow spreading Mohns and Knipovich mid-ocean ridges. All samples were collected within ∼225 m of current high-temperature (299–316°C) “black smoker” fluid discharge. These sediment cores are highly heterogeneous and lack stratigraphic correlation, even for samples taken within meters of each other. Most sediment cores are dominated by either pelagic sediments or mass wasted hydrothermal material, with hydrothermal plume fallout contributing a low proportion of material, and only a single volcanic ash layer occurring in one of the 13 cores. Dominant hydrothermal minerals found include talc, goethite, pyrite, pyrrhotite, and sphalerite. We find that even after several thousand years, most mass wasted hydrothermal material remains minimally altered, with sedimentation rates indistinguishable from background rates within several hundred meters of the hydrothermal vent source.
This study aimed to gain insight into the influence of storage time and temperature on fatty acid (FA) signatures of biopsies of marine mammal adipose/blubber tissues. To examine storage effects, biopsy-type slices from larger pieces of adipose tissues from 2 polar bears Ursus maritimus were stored at either -20 or -80°C and subsequently analyzed for fatty acid composition initially (before storage), after 4 yr, and after 9 yr. At -20°C, after both 4 and 9 yr, proportions of polyunsaturated FAs significantly decreased, and proportions of monounsaturated FAs increased. Proportions of saturated FAs significantly increased only after 9 yr at -20°C in samples of 1 individual. After 4 and 9 yr of storage at -80°C, proportions of the 3 FA classes did not significantly change overall. Intra-individual differences in FA proportions increased over time in -20°C conditions, further pointing to biases stemming from inadequate storage conditions. These findings support the need to store biopsied fatty tissues (or other similarly thin and/or small adipose/blubber samples) at or below -80°C to adequately preserve FA signatures in samples over time for retrospective applications such as dietary studies.
","language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research","doi":"10.3354/meps14501","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, R., Atwood, T.C., Peacock, E., Remili, A., Dietz, R., Sonne, C., and McKinney, M., 2024, Long-term storage at -20°C compromises fatty acid composition of polar bear adipose biopsies: Marine Ecology Progress Series, v. 728, p. 75-80, https://doi.org/10.3354/meps14501.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"80","ipdsId":"IP-157478","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425508,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"728","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Rose","contributorId":333929,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Rose","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894327,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Atwood, Todd C. 0000-0002-1971-3110 tatwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1971-3110","contributorId":4368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwood","given":"Todd","email":"tatwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894328,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peacock, Elizabeth 0000-0002-8482-7843","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8482-7843","contributorId":207644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peacock","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894409,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Remili, Anais","contributorId":333930,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Remili","given":"Anais","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dietz, Rune","contributorId":191799,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietz","given":"Rune","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":894330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sonne, Christian","contributorId":218344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sonne","given":"Christian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39808,"text":"Aarhus University, Arctic Research Centre (ARC), Department of Bioscience","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McKinney, Melissa","contributorId":222146,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McKinney","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[{"id":6646,"text":"McGill University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70253082,"text":"70253082 - 2024 - The spatially adaptable filter for error reduction (SAFER) process: Remote sensing-based LANDFIRE disturbance mapping updates","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T12:20:00.446915","indexId":"70253082","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-08T07:18:08","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5678,"text":"Fire","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The spatially adaptable filter for error reduction (SAFER) process: Remote sensing-based LANDFIRE disturbance mapping updates","docAbstract":"Mass mortality of the dominant coral reef herbivore Diadema antillarum in the Caribbean in the early 1980s contributed to a persistent phase shift from coral- to algal-dominated reefs. In 2022, a scuticociliate most closely related to Philaster apodigitiformis caused further mass mortality of D. antillarum across the Caribbean, leading to >95% mortality at affected sites. Mortality was also reported in the related species Diadema setosum in the Mediterranean in 2022, though the causative agent of the Mediterranean outbreak has not yet been determined. In April 2023, mass mortality of Diadema setosum occurred along the Sultanate of Oman's coastline. Urchins displayed signs compatible with scuticociliatosis including abnormal behavior, drooping and loss of spines, followed by tissue necrosis and death. Here we report the detection of an 18S rRNA gene sequence in abnormal urchins from Muscat, Oman, that is identical to the Philaster strain responsible for D. antillarum mass mortality in the Caribbean. We also show that scuticociliatosis signs can be elicited in Diadema setosum by experimental challenge with the cultivated Philaster strain associated with Caribbean scuticociliatosis. These results demonstrate the Philaster sp. associated with D. antillarum mass mortality has rapidly spread to geographically distant coral reefs, compelling global-scale awareness and monitoring for this devastating condition through field surveys, microscopy, and molecular microbiological approaches, and prompting investigation of long-range transmission mechanisms.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford University Press","doi":"10.1093/ismejo/wrae024","usgsCitation":"Ritchie, I.T., Vilanova-Cuevas, B., Altera, A., Cornfield, K., Evans, C., Evans, J.S., Hopson-Fernandes, M., Kellogg, C.A., Looker, E., Taylor, O., Hewson, I., and Breitbart, M., 2024, Transglobal spread of an ecologically relevant sea urchin parasite: ISME Journal, v. 18, no. 1, wrae024, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wrae024.","productDescription":"wrae024, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-158553","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440493,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ismejo/wrae024","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427098,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ritchie, Isabella T.","contributorId":304353,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Isabella","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":39241,"text":"College of Marine Science, University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vilanova-Cuevas, Brayan","contributorId":304387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vilanova-Cuevas","given":"Brayan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Altera, Ashley","contributorId":304354,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Altera","given":"Ashley","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cornfield, Kaileigh","contributorId":335043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cornfield","given":"Kaileigh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80300,"text":"Five Oceans Environmental Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Evans, Ceri","contributorId":335044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evans","given":"Ceri","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80300,"text":"Five Oceans Environmental Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Evans, James S. 0000-0002-9977-1627 jsevans@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-1627","contributorId":279528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"James","email":"jsevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hopson-Fernandes, Maria","contributorId":335045,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hopson-Fernandes","given":"Maria","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Looker, Elayne","contributorId":335046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Looker","given":"Elayne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80300,"text":"Five Oceans Environmental Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Taylor, Oliver","contributorId":335047,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Oliver","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":80300,"text":"Five Oceans Environmental Services","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897317,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hewson, Ian","contributorId":260785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hewson","given":"Ian","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897318,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Breitbart, Mya","contributorId":139298,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Breitbart","given":"Mya","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7163,"text":"University of South Florida","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70251420,"text":"70251420 - 2024 - An introduction to Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Exposure Datasets (CREED) for use in environmental assessments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-01T14:19:29.039074","indexId":"70251420","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-08T06:58:54","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2006,"text":"Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An introduction to Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Exposure Datasets (CREED) for use in environmental assessments","docAbstract":"Risks posed by environmental exposure to chemicals are routinely assessed to inform activities ranging from environmental status reporting to authorization and registration of chemicals for commercial uses. Environmental risk assessment generally relies on two key values generated from exposure data and ecotoxicity data. Data sets of measured concentrations of chemicals in environmental matrices, referred to here as exposure data, are widely used to support environmental risk management, decision-making, and reporting, such as for chemical screening, ecological or human health risk assessments, and establishment of guidelines. Practitioners have developed schemes to determine the suitability of ecotoxicity data for specific purposes, focused on evaluating reliability and relevance, but analogous schemes are not available for exposure data. Moreover, regulatory guidance arguably provides less resolution on reporting and evaluating exposure data sets compared to ecotoxicity data. The evaluation of exposure data sets is subject to limitations from variable or unreported data quality objectives and/or from differences in expert judgments, potentially introducing bias and leading to decisions based on flawed and/or inconsistent information. Exposure data sets should be evaluated for reliability and relevance prior to use in environmental assessments. This paper is the first of a four-paper series detailing the outcomes of a Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry technical workshop that has developed Criteria for Reporting and Evaluating Exposure Datasets (CREED). The workshop participants developed practical, systematic criteria for consistent and transparent evaluation of the reliability (quality) and relevance (fitness for purpose) of exposure data. This guidance should apply to many different (unspecified) purposes of assessment. CREED can be used to evaluate existing data sets, but can also inform data generators interested in improving their data collection and reporting to maximize data utility to other users. This first paper details existing frameworks for the evaluation of exposure data sets and demonstrates the need for CREED, drawing from different regulatory assessments, and describes the technical workshop.
Grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella, Val.) is an invasive species in the Laurentian Great Lakes region with the potential for damaging the lake ecosystem and harming the region's economy. Grass carp spawning was documented in the Sandusky River, Ohio, in 2015 through targeted egg sampling. Continued egg sampling in the Sandusky River suggested that grass carp spawning is related to discharge and water temperature. We used egg sampling data from 2014 to 2021 to develop a Bayesian model to understand the likely conditions related to grass carp spawning in the Lake Erie watershed. The resulting model estimates the likelihood of spawning as a function of discharge and water temperature. The results suggest that spawning is most likely to occur when discharge is above 10 m3/s and water temperature is below 25 ℃. The model provides a tool for setting research and management priorities to develop management strategies to reduce the grass carp population in Lake Erie. Furthermore, the Bayesian nature of the model makes the model updatable when new data are available, whether from the same river or from another river, to incorporate river-specific features to identify likely spawning rivers.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102303","usgsCitation":"Jaffe, S., Qian, S.S., Mayer, C.M., Kocovsky, P.M., and Gouveia, A., 2024, Assessing the probability of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella) spawning in the Sandusky River using discharge and water temperature: Journal of Great Lakes Research, v. 50, no. 2, 102303, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102303.","productDescription":"102303, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-145474","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487001,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2024.102303","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":425532,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Sandusky River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -83.25,\n 41.5\n ],\n [\n -83.25,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 41.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jaffe, Sabrina","contributorId":333990,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jaffe","given":"Sabrina","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qian, Song S. 0000-0002-2346-4903","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2346-4903","contributorId":306033,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Qian","given":"Song","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":62440,"text":"Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mayer, Christine M.","contributorId":203271,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mayer","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kocovsky, Patrick M. 0000-0003-4325-4265 pkocovsky@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4325-4265","contributorId":3429,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocovsky","given":"Patrick","email":"pkocovsky@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":251,"text":"Ecosystems Mission Area","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":894484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gouveia, Anarita","contributorId":333992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gouveia","given":"Anarita","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12455,"text":"University of Toledo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":894485,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70271292,"text":"70271292 - 2024 - Mercury bioaccumulation and Hepatozoon spp. infections in two syntopic watersnakes in South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-03T15:51:45.469464","indexId":"70271292","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mercury bioaccumulation and Hepatozoon spp. infections in two syntopic watersnakes in South Carolina","docAbstract":"Mercury (Hg) is a ubiquitous environmental contaminant known to bioaccumulate in biota and biomagnify in food webs. Parasites occur in nearly every ecosystem and often interact in complex ways with other stressors that their hosts experience. Hepatozoon spp. are intraerythrocytic parasites common in snakes. The Florida green watersnake (Nerodia floridana) and the banded watersnake (Nerodia fasciata) occur syntopically in certain aquatic habitats in the Southeastern United States. The purpose of this study was to investigate relationships among total mercury (THg) concentrations, body size, species, habitat type and prevalence and parasitemia of Hepatozoon spp. infections in snakes. In the present study, we sampled N. floridana and N. fasciata from former nuclear cooling reservoirs and isolated wetlands of the Savannah River Site in South Carolina. We used snake tail clips to quantify THg and collected blood samples for hemoparasite counts. Our results indicate a significant, positive relationship between THg and snake body size in N. floridana and N. fasciata in both habitats. Average THg was significantly higher for N. fasciata compared to N. floridana in bays (0.22 ± 0.02 and 0.08 ± 0.006 mg/kg, respectively; p < 0.01), but not in reservoirs (0.17 ± 0.02 and 0.17 ± 0.03 mg/kg, respectively; p = 0.29). Sex did not appear to be related to THg concentration or Hepatozoon spp. infections in either species. We found no association between Hg and Hepatozoon spp. prevalence or parasitemia; however, our results suggest that species and habitat type play a role in susceptibility to Hepatozoon spp. infection.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1007/s10646-024-02736-0","usgsCitation":"Brown, M.K., Haskins, D., Pilgrim, M.A., and Tuberville, T.D., 2024, Mercury bioaccumulation and Hepatozoon spp. infections in two syntopic watersnakes in South Carolina: Ecotoxicology, v. 33, p. 164-176, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-024-02736-0.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"164","endPage":"176","ipdsId":"IP-151574","costCenters":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":495185,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/2350673","text":"External Repository"},{"id":495154,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River Site","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.58754725444848,\n 33.32644054240569\n ],\n [\n -81.58754725444848,\n 33.224172586552555\n ],\n [\n -81.46162826301534,\n 33.224172586552555\n ],\n [\n -81.46162826301534,\n 33.32644054240569\n ],\n [\n -81.58754725444848,\n 33.32644054240569\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, M. Kyle","contributorId":360889,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"M.","middleInitial":"Kyle","affiliations":[{"id":86116,"text":"University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haskins, David Lee 0000-0002-6692-3225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6692-3225","contributorId":357996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskins","given":"David Lee","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":947871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilgrim, Melissa A.","contributorId":360890,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilgrim","given":"Melissa","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":86119,"text":"University of South Carolina Upstate","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tuberville, Tracey D.","contributorId":360891,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuberville","given":"Tracey","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":86116,"text":"University of Georgia's Savannah River Ecology Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":947873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70251254,"text":"sir20235132 - 2024 - Effects of culverts on habitat connectivity in streams—A science synthesis to inform National Environmental Policy Act analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-20T19:03:21.092684","indexId":"sir20235132","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-07T15:55:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5132","displayTitle":"Effects of Culverts on Habitat Connectivity in Streams—A Science Synthesis to Inform National Environmental Policy Act Analyses","title":"Effects of culverts on habitat connectivity in streams—A science synthesis to inform National Environmental Policy Act analyses","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey is working with Federal land management agencies to develop a series of science syntheses to support environmental effects analyses that agencies conduct to comply with the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA). This report synthesizes science information about the potential effects of culverts on stream connectivity and subsequent effects on fish. We conducted a structured search of published scientific literature to find information about (1) culvert design, installation, and degradation; (2) methods for analyzing culvert condition and quantifying stream connectivity; and (3) the effects of changes to stream connectivity on freshwater fish. We follow the organization first established in U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023-5114, in which the report sections align with standard elements of NEPA analyses. We found that, while the effects of dams on stream biota are well documented, smaller barriers at road crossings, like culverts, are prevalent and collectively have a substantial effect on habitat connectivity. Individual culverts differ in the degree to which they impede the movement of aquatic organisms, and we documented methods to assess and estimate the permeability of a culvert, or the ability of aquatic organisms to pass through it. Finally, we outlined methods for using culvert location and permeability information to quantify connectivity in a watershed based on the Dendritic Connectivity Index. Studies have shown that channel constriction, perched outlets, and extreme flow velocities are some of the characteristics of culverts that may hinder aquatic organism passage. Culverts can serve as daily and seasonal barriers to fish, disrupting access to habitat and essential resources like cold water or overwintering refuges. Reduced connectivity can have population-level effects, leading to lower fish species richness and abundance in affected watersheds. Public land managers can use this report by incorporating it by reference in NEPA documentation, as supplemental information, or as a general reference for literature about the effects of culverts on stream connectivity and freshwater fish.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235132","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Lehrter, R.J., Rutherford, T.K., Dunham, J.B., Johnston, A.N., Wood, D.J.A., Haby, T.S., and Carter, S.K., 2024, Effects of culverts on habitat connectivity in streams—A science synthesis to inform National Environmental Policy Act analyses: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5132, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235132.","productDescription":"vii, 16 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-154744","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425805,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235132/full"},{"id":425474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235114","text":"Development on Ungulates and Small Mammals—A Science Synthesis to Inform National Environmental Policy Act Analyses"},{"id":425219,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5132/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425220,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5132/sir20235132.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.19 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5132"},{"id":425491,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5132/sir20235132.xml"},{"id":425490,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5132/images"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Several recent generation global-climate models were found to have anomalously high climate sensitivities and may not be useful for certain applications. Four approaches for developing ensembles of climate projections for applications that address this issue are:
Advantages and disadvantages of each approach are described by using example applications to study the effects of climate change on an imaginary at-risk species. Choosing the right approach is dependent on the location, goals, and system focus of each application and the risk-tolerance and resource-management context.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Colorado and the University of Oklahoma","usgsCitation":"Boyles, R., Nikiel, C.A., Miller, B.W., Littell, J., Terando, A.J., Rangwala, I., Alder, J.R., Rosendahl, D.H., and Wootten, A.M., 2024, Approaches for using CMIP projections in climate model ensembles to address the ‘hot model’ problem: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1008, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241008","productDescription":"v, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-151266","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":565,"text":"Southeast Climate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36940,"text":"National Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49928,"text":"South Central Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":425438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425439,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/ofr20241008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"820 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1008"},{"id":425440,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/images/"},{"id":425441,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241008/full"},{"id":425442,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1008/ofr20241008.XML"}],"contact":"Director, Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
100 Brooks Ave.
Raleigh, NC 27607
Climate change is a well-documented driver and threat multiplier of infectious disease in wildlife populations. However, wildlife disease management and climate-change adaptation have largely operated in isolation. To improve conservation outcomes, we consider the role of climate adaptation in initiating or exacerbating the transmission and spread of wildlife disease and the deleterious effects thereof, as illustrated through several case studies. We offer insights into best practices for disease-smart adaptation, including a checklist of key factors for assessing disease risks early in the climate adaptation process. By assessing risk, incorporating uncertainty, planning for change, and monitoring outcomes, natural resource managers and conservation practitioners can better prepare for and respond to wildlife disease threats in a changing climate.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1002/fee.2716","usgsCitation":"Thurman, L., Alger, K.E., LeDee, O.E., Thompson, L., Hofmeister, E.K., Hudson, M.J., Martin, A., Melvin, T., Olson, S.H., Pruvot, M., Rohr, J.R., Szymanksi, J., Aleuy, O., and Zuckerberg, B., 2024, Disease-smart climate adaptation for wildlife management and conservation: Frontiers in Ecology and the Environment, v. 22, no. 4, e2716, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2716.","productDescription":"e2716, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-123721","costCenters":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49226,"text":"Northwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440498,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/fee.2716","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":427521,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thurman, Lindsey 0000-0003-3142-4909","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3142-4909","contributorId":269425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"Lindsey","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alger, Katrina E. 0000-0001-7708-0203","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7708-0203","contributorId":228815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alger","given":"Katrina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"LeDee, Olivia E. 0000-0002-7791-5829 oledee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7791-5829","contributorId":242820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeDee","given":"Olivia","email":"oledee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":65882,"text":"Midwest Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thompson, Laura 0000-0002-7884-6001","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7884-6001","contributorId":212190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Laura","affiliations":[{"id":411,"text":"National Climate Change and Wildlife Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-2305-519X ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-519X","contributorId":269350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hudson, Michael J","contributorId":335408,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hudson","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Martin, Alynn 0000-0002-6603-2385","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6603-2385","contributorId":224233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Alynn","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":898289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Melvin, Tracy","contributorId":248513,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melvin","given":"Tracy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":898290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Olson, Sarah H","contributorId":245163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olson","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"H","affiliations":[{"id":49104,"text":"Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, New York, NY, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Pruvot, Mathieu","contributorId":225471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pruvot","given":"Mathieu","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":41133,"text":"1Wildlife Conservation Society, Health Program, Bronx, New York, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rohr, Jason R.","contributorId":221798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rohr","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Szymanksi, Jennifer","contributorId":335410,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szymanksi","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Aleuy, Oscar","contributorId":335411,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aleuy","given":"Oscar","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39516,"text":"University of Notre Dame","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Zuckerberg, Benjamin","contributorId":329861,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zuckerberg","given":"Benjamin","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":898296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70251290,"text":"sir20235123 - 2024 - Hydrologic analysis of an earthen embankment dam in southern Westchester County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T19:18:00.033267","indexId":"sir20235123","displayToPublicDate":"2024-02-07T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2023-5123","displayTitle":"Hydrologic Analysis of an Earthen Embankment Dam in Southern Westchester County, New York","title":"Hydrologic analysis of an earthen embankment dam in southern Westchester County, New York","docAbstract":"In 2001, the New York City Department of Environmental Protection installed 25 wells on the southern embankment of the Hillview Reservoir in Westchester County in an unsuccessful attempt to locate the source of a large seep (seep A) that began flowing continuously in 1999. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study with the NYCDEP to characterize the hydrology of the local groundwater system and identify potential sources of seep A and other seeps on the embankment.
At least two groundwater-flow zones—one shallow and the other deep—overlie the bedrock at the Hillview Reservoir in southern Westchester County, New York. Analyses of slug tests of wells drilled into the southern embankment of the reservoir were used to determine the three-dimensional distribution of hydraulic conductivity of the embankment materials. The wells with the minimum and maximum hydraulic conductivity values are in the deep saturated zone on the southern embankment, where hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.0012 to 2 feet per day. Hydraulic conductivity ranges from 0.0026 to 1 foot per day in the shallow saturated zone and from 0.021 to 0.27 foot per day in the toe of the embankment. A hydraulic conductivity of 0.016 foot per day was determined for one toe well partially screened in the crystalline-bedrock aquifer. In 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey began a cooperative study with New York City Department of Environmental Protection to characterize the local groundwater-flow system and identify potential sources of seeps on the southern embankment of the Hillview Reservoir in southern Westchester County, New York.
Long-term hydrologic data indicated that water levels trended downward in 29 of 41 sites, including the reservoir basin that was monitored during the 12-year study period; data from a National Weather Service precipitation gage at Central Park indicated annual precipitation also trended downward during the same 12-year period. Of the seven wells in which water levels trended upward during the study, two of the wells are on the west side of the southern embankment, proximal to a major water supply conduit, whereas the five remaining wells are screened in the toe. These data indicate an increasing hydrostatic pressure within the deep system and the toe of the dam, which could result in future seeps on the southern embankment near these wells.
Results of 11 suspended-sediment samples collected from seeps along the southern embankment at 234.1- and 221.6-feet elevation, and another drainage outflow point between 2007 and 2015 indicate a poor correlation between suspended-sediment concentration and discharge. From the flowing seep at 234.1 feet, suspended-sediment concentrations ranged from 1 milligram per liter at a flow of 2.6 gallons per minute (that is, 1 milligram per 0.26 gallons) during March 2008 to 16 milligrams per liter at 12 gallons per minute during July 2014. At about 12 gallons per minute discharge, suspended-sediment concentration from samples collected at that seep during different sampling events, ranged from 3 to 16 milligrams per liter. From the seep at 221.6 feet elevation, the suspended sediment concentration was 2 milligrams per liter at a discharge of 3.4 gallons per minute and 2 milligrams per liter at a discharge of 1.1 gallons per minute. Only one sample was collected at the drainage outflow point, for which the suspended sediment concentration was 2 milligrams per liter at a discharge of 2.4 gallons per minute.
Anomalously high-water levels were recorded in deep-system wells between June 5, 2013, and January 14, 2014. The period for the increase and the decrease back to more typical water-level elevations occurred rapidly during a 13-hour period in each instance. The sudden and rapid changes, in addition to the spatial distribution of magnitude of water-level response indicate that leaky water infrastructure was the source of recharge to the affected wells.
A major water supply conduit was drained for repairs between July 7 and 10, 2010. The seeps indicated an immediate response and a substantial hydraulic connection to the water supply conduit. Approximately 10.5 hours after the water supply conduit was drained, flow from a seep on the southern embankment decreased from about 20 gallons per minute to less than 1 gallon per minute. This seep is located at about the same elevation and within the vicinity of the water supply conduit. A travel-time of about 10.5 hours from the source to the seep at 234.1 feet elevation was estimated from the dewatering timeline. During the 3-month shutdown of the water supply conduit, the previously flowing seeps remained dry until precipitation resulted in discharge of about 0.7 gallon per minute at the higher elevation seep, indicating a minor contribution from precipitation to the total seepage discharge. Discharge from the seeps resumed almost immediately coincident with the refilling of the water supply conduit, supporting the hydraulic connection observations during the drainage stage. In addition, during the refilling of the water supply conduit on September 21, 2010, a new seep (I) was observed on the southern embankment. Discharge from this new seep remained relatively constant until it became inaccessible under construction stone from subsequent embankment repairs by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. Precipitation after the refilling stage of the shutdown seemed to have induced a rise in water levels in the toe wells and an increase in discharge from the seep at 234.1 feet elevation. The post shutdown discharge was less than 12 gallons per minute, compared to a discharge of about 20 gallons per minute before the repairs. The lower discharge rate measured during the period of historically higher discharge rates for the fall season indicates that the repair of the major water supply conduit may have contributed to a reduced discharge from the seeps. There were no definitive responses to the shutdown in any of the wells near the major water supply conduit.
The more transmissive deep system of the southern embankment near the major water supply conduit and its associated infrastructure seems to be the preferential flow path for leaking infrastructure. The wells screened in this system showed a response during the deep system anomaly and have some of the highest hydraulic conductivities of the tested wells. All the seeps are in the elevation range of the deep system from approximately the crystalline bedrock surface around 200 feet elevation to the contact between the deep and shallow saturated zones of the reservoir at about 250 feet elevation.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20235123","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Chu, A., Noll, M.L., Capurso, W.D., and Welk, R.J., 2023, Hydrologic analysis of an earthen embankment dam in southern Westchester County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5123, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20235123.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 41 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"41","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-099377","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499388,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116022.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":425302,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":425303,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/sir20235123.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.76 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2023-5123"},{"id":425304,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235123/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2023-5123"},{"id":425308,"rank":7,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":425307,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9J404KW","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and analytical type-curve match for selected hydraulic tests at an earthen dam site in southern Westchester County, New York"},{"id":425306,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/images/"},{"id":425305,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2023/5123/sir20235123.XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Westchester County","otherGeospatial":"Hillview Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.87575164367507,\n 40.91924473969948\n ],\n [\n -73.87575164367507,\n 40.901369445530406\n ],\n [\n -73.85851786410133,\n 40.901369445530406\n ],\n [\n -73.85851786410133,\n 40.91924473969948\n ],\n [\n -73.87575164367507,\n 40.91924473969948\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
An important part of infectious disease management is predicting factors that influence disease outbreaks, such as R, the number of secondary infections arising from an infected individual. Estimating R is particularly challenging for environmentally transmitted pathogens given time lags between cases and subsequent infections. Here, we calculated R for Bacillus anthracis infections arising from anthrax carcass sites in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Combining host behavioural data, pathogen concentrations and simulation models, we show that R is spatially and temporally variable, driven by spore concentrations at death, host visitation rates and early preference for foraging at infectious sites. While spores were detected up to a decade after death, most secondary infections occurred within 2 years. Transmission simulations under scenarios combining site infectiousness and host exposure risk under different environmental conditions led to dramatically different outbreak dynamics, from pathogen extinction (R < 1) to explosive outbreaks (R > 10). These transmission heterogeneities may explain variation in anthrax outbreak dynamics observed globally, and more generally, the critical importance of environmental variation underlying host–pathogen interactions. Notably, our approach allowed us to estimate the lethal dose of a highly virulent pathogen non-invasively from observational studies and epidemiological data, useful when experiments on wildlife are undesirable or impractical.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Royal Society","doi":"10.1098/rspb.2023.2568","usgsCitation":"Dolfi, A.C., Kausrud, K., Rysava, K., Champagne, C., Huang, Y., Barandongo, Z.R., and Turner, W.C., 2024, Season of death, pathogen persistence and wildlife behaviour alter number of anthrax secondary infections from environmental reservoirs: Proceedings of the Royal Society B, v. 291, no. 2016, 20232568, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2568.","productDescription":"20232568, 11 p.","ipdsId":"IP-153158","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":440502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2023.2568","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":433388,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Namibia","otherGeospatial":"Etosha National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -18.389039216321436\n ],\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -19.174311989065046\n ],\n [\n 16.756898047548873,\n -19.174311989065046\n ],\n [\n 16.756898047548873,\n -18.389039216321436\n ],\n [\n 15.6143902578564,\n -18.389039216321436\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"291","issue":"2016","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-02-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dolfi, Amelie C.","contributorId":342717,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dolfi","given":"Amelie","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kausrud, Kyrre","contributorId":342718,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kausrud","given":"Kyrre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":61713,"text":"Norwegian Veterinary Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rysava, Kristyna","contributorId":342719,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rysava","given":"Kristyna","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Champagne, Celeste","contributorId":342720,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Champagne","given":"Celeste","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":81681,"text":"College of Veterinary Medicine","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Huang, Yen-Hua","contributorId":342721,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huang","given":"Yen-Hua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37550,"text":"Yale University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910308,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barandongo, Zoe R.","contributorId":342722,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Barandongo","given":"Zoe","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":16925,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":910309,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Turner, Wendy Christine 0000-0002-0302-1646","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0302-1646","contributorId":287053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Wendy","email":"","middleInitial":"Christine","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":910310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ]}