With the decline of bee populations worldwide, studies determining current wild bee distributions and diversity are increasingly important. Wild bee identification is often completed by experienced taxonomists or by genetic analysis. The current study was designed to compare two methods of identification including: (1) morphological identification by experienced taxonomists using images of field-collected wild bees and (2) genetic analysis of composite bee legs (multiple taxa) using metabarcoding. Bees were collected from conservation grasslands in eastern Iowa in summer 2019 and identified to the lowest taxonomic unit using both methods. Sanger sequencing of individual wild bee legs was used as a positive control for metabarcoding. Morphological identification of bees using images resulted in 36 unique taxa among 22 genera, and >80% of Bombus specimens were identified to species. Metabarcoding was limited to genus-level assignments among 18 genera but resolved some morphologically similar genera. Metabarcoding did not consistently detect all genera in the composite samples, including kleptoparasitic bees. Sanger sequencing showed similar presence or absence detection results as metabarcoding but provided species-level identifications for cryptic species (i.e., Lasioglossum). Genus-specific detections were more frequent with morphological identification than metabarcoding, but certain genera such as Ceratina and Halictus were identified equally well with metabarcoding and morphology. Genera with proportionately less tissue in a composite sample were less likely to be detected using metabarcoding. Image-based methods were limited by image quality and visible morphological features, while genetic methods were limited by databases, primers, and amplification at target loci. This study shows how an image-based identification method compares with genetic techniques, and how in combination, the methods provide valuable genus- and species-level information for wild bees while preserving tissue for other analyses. These methods could be improved and transferred to a field setting to advance our understanding of wild bee distributions and to expedite conservation research.
Increasing stream metal concentrations apparently caused by climate warming have been reported for a small number of mountain watersheds containing hydrothermally altered bedrock with abundant sulfide minerals (mineralized watersheds). Such increases are concerning and could negatively impact downstream ecosystem health, water resources, and mine-site remediation efforts. However, the pervasiveness and typical magnitude of these trends remain uncertain. We aggregated available streamwater chemistry data collected from late summer and fall over the past 40 years for 22 mineralized watersheds throughout the Colorado Rocky Mountains. Temporal trend analysis performed using the Regional Kendall Test indicates significant regional upward trends of ∼2% of the site median per year for sulfate, zinc, and copper concentrations in the 17 streams affected by acid rock drainage (ARD; median pH ≤ 5.5), equivalent to concentrations roughly doubling over the past 30 years. An examination of potential load trends utilizing streamflow data from eight “index gages” located near the sample sites provides strong support for regionally increasing sulfate and metal loads in ARD-affected streams, particularly at higher elevations. Declining streamflows are likely contributing to regionally increasing concentrations, but increasing loads appear to be on average an equal or greater contributor. Comparison of selected site characteristics with site concentration trend magnitudes shows the highest correlation for mean annual air temperature and mean elevation (R2 of 0.42 and 0.35, respectively, with all others being ≤0.14). Future research on climate-driven controlling mechanisms should therefore focus on processes such as melting of frozen ground directly linked to site mean temperature and elevation.
The release of over 4500 Gt (gigatonnes) of carbon at the Paleocene–Eocene boundary provides the closest geological analog to modern anthropogenic CO2 emissions. The cause(s) of and responses to the resulting Paleocene–Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) and attendant carbon isotopic excursion (CIE) remain enigmatic and intriguing despite over 30 years of intense study. CIE records from the deep sea are generally thin due to its short duration and slow sedimentation rates, and they are truncated due to corrosive bottom waters dissolving carbonate sediments. In contrast, PETM coastal plain sections along the US mid-Atlantic margin are thick, generally having an expanded record of the CIE. Drilling here presents an opportunity to study the PETM onset to a level of detail that could transform our understanding of this important event. Previous drilling in this region provided important insights, but existing cores are either depleted or contain stratigraphic gaps. New core material is needed for well-resolved marine climate records. To plan new drilling, members of the international scientific community attended a multi-staged, hybrid scientific drilling workshop in 2022 designed to maximize not only scientifically and demographically diverse participation but also to protect participants' health and safety during the global pandemic and to reduce our carbon footprint. The resulting plan identified 10 sites for drill holes that would penetrate the Cretaceous–Paleogene (K–Pg) boundary, targeting the pre-onset excursion (POE), the CIE onset, the rapidly deposited Marlboro Clay that records a very thick CIE body, and other Eocene hyperthermals. The workshop participants developed several primary scientific objectives related to investigating the nature and the cause(s) of the CIE onset as well as the biotic effects of the PETM on the paleoshelf. Additional objectives focus on the evidence for widespread wildfires and changes in the hydrological cycle, shelf morphology, and sea level during the PETM as well as the desire to study both underlying K–Pg sediments and overlying post-Eocene records of extreme hyperthermal climate events. All objectives address our overarching research question: what was the Earth system response to a rapid carbon cycle perturbation?
Globally, coastal communities experience flood hazards that are projected to worsen from climate change and sea level rise. The 100-year floodplain or record flood are commonly used to identify risk areas for planning purposes. Remote communities often lack measured flood elevations and require innovative approaches to estimate flood elevations. This study employs observation-based methods to estimate the record flood elevation in Alaska communities and compares results to elevation models, infrastructure locations, and sea level rise projections. In 46 analyzed communities, 22% of structures are located within the record floodplain. With sea level rise projections, this estimate increases to 30–37% of structures by 2100 if structures remain in the same location. Flood exposure is highest in western Alaska. Sea level rise projections suggest northern Alaska will see similar flood exposure levels by 2100 as currently experienced in western Alaska. This evaluation of record flood height, category, and history can be incorporated into hazard planning documents, providing more context for coastal flood exposure than previously existed for Alaska. This basic flood exposure method is transferable to other areas with similar mapping challenges. Identifying current and projected hazardous zones is essential to avoid unintentional development in floodplains and improve long-term safety.
Urban growth and other land-use changes were examined in the Lower Rio Grande Valley and Alluvial Floodplain ecoregions in Texas, along the U.S.-Mexico border. The analysis focused on understanding the types and causes of land change as well as the recovery of natural land-cover types between years 2001 and 2011. The purpose was to develop improved capabilities for understanding land change dynamics in urbanizing ecoregions and to provide data for further analyses. The spatial data, including metadata, allows further exploration and characterization of changes affecting this dynamic region.
Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
This study examined the abundance and distribution of nutrients and phytoplankton in the tidal aquatic environments of the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta (Delta) and Suisun Bay, comprising three spatial surveys conducted in May, July, and October of 2018 that used continuous underway high frequency sampling and measurements onboard a high-speed boat to characterize spatial variation across the extent of the Delta. The method used involves simultaneously collecting information about the concentration and spatial distribution of all major nutrient forms with analogous information about the major classes of phytoplankton and associated water-quality conditions. The results showed substantial variation across space and time, providing an unprecedented snapshot of the dynamic environmental processes that shape the ways nutrients interact with and affect aquatic habitats in the Delta.
The purposes of this study were to improve our understanding of how hydrodynamics, landscape features, and aquatic primary productivity interact to drive nutrient cycling and transport in the Delta and to provide insights into the underlying processes most directly responsible for the conditions at the time of this study, and thus into the range of conditions that may be expected following the wide array of prospective future changes to the Delta. One major anticipated change at the time of this study was the planned upgrade to the Sacramento Regional Wastewater Treatment Plant, but the study also informs our understanding of potential effects from other changes to the Delta, such as those caused by other nutrient-management actions, flow actions, large-scale wetland restoration, drought, flood, levee failure, and changes to water management.
Nutrient loading is the primary driver of nutrient concentrations in the Delta, but several other major drivers interact to shape their distribution and effects: geomorphology, hydrodynamics, landscape features, and aquatic productivity. Hydrodynamics affect timescales of transport and dilution of nutrient loads in the Delta. During transit through the system, channel geometry, tidal mixing, and water exports affect hydrodynamics in diverse ways that influence water-residence and transport times, thereby markedly affecting the range of times during which natural internal cycling can alter nutrient concentrations and forms. Channel geometry and location shape tidal energy and river currents into these observed dynamics. Interactions with Delta aquatic landscapes such as herbaceous tidal marsh, submerged aquatic vegetation, and large expanses of intertidal or subtidal sediments (all highly productive landscapes) exert demand on available nutrient supplies but can also simultaneously transform and generate nutrients. Finally, while phytoplankton require nutrients to sustain production and thus are a potential nutrient sink, the amount and form of nutrients also can influence the occurrence of harmful algal blooms (HABs) that adversely affect aquatic organisms as well as affect the occurrence of beneficial algal blooms that result in production of algae that are favorable for imperiled Delta pelagic aquatic food webs.
The surveys revealed a complex mosaic of spatial variation, with nutrient concentrations varying from near zero to well above concentrations considered eutrophic; nutrient concentrations were more often related to the extent of hydrologic transport and mixing than to specific geographic locations or to specific landscape features. Similarly, the surveys identified phytoplankton abundance ranging from near detection to the level of large phytoplankton blooms, with large variation in phytoplankton community composition. Although the study occurred during a period of low bloom activity, phytoplankton productivity appeared to be the strongest potential sink for inorganic nutrients in the Delta, indicating that it is a larger control on nutrient concentrations and distribution than previously understood. Cycling and transformation within the water column only appeared to substantially lower total nutrient concentrations at the longest estimated transport timescales. Contrary to expectations, we did not observe substantial nutrient depletion near landscape-scale features such as open-water habitats, submerged aquatic vegetation beds, extensive wetlands, or exposed sediments, indicating that these habitat types did not act as major sinks for nutrients in the Delta during these surveys. These results indicated that nutrient reduction efforts may have the greatest effect on pelagic phytoplankton productivity in the more productive reaches of the Delta and estuary, but these effects are unlikely to be magnified by changes to nutrient loss within the Delta over conceivable changes in flow conditions, Delta water management actions, or large-scale wetland restoration activities. Nevertheless, local processes were shown to cause substantial loss, and thus integrating of nutrient effects with other indicators of aquatic habitat conditions will help inform planning future actions at specific sites.
Finally, we note that the primary contribution of this study was intended to be the survey data themselves. Aside from the results highlighted in this report, the surveys are a benchmark against which future environmental change may be evaluated, including changes to nutrient management or water exports, drought, large-scale wetland restoration, and climate change. Further, although we highlight some of the main findings from the surveys in this report, the necessarily limited scope precludes examination of many topics for which these surveys may be highly informative. To facilitate the utility of these data to stakeholders, managers, and researchers, we have released the data online (Bergamaschi and others, 2020) and created an online data exploration portal (https://ca.water.usgs.gov/bay-delta/2018-delta-wide-mapping-surveys.html) where users may query the surveys in a variety of ways to test hypotheses, examine relationships, assess spatial trends, and download data. The data exploration portal is intended to be an immersive experience that allows users to gain greater understanding of the complex interactions that shape Delta aquatic environments. This report is intended as a companion to the portal, allowing the reader to challenge and further explore the highlighted findings.
This study was a collaboration between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Delta Regional Monitoring Program, with additional funding provided from U.S. Geological Survey Cooperative Matching Funds Program.
Director,
California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
No abstract available.
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To mitigate some of these losses in Oklahoma, Paddlefish have been stocked into reservoirs throughout the state, with variable success in establishing self-sustaining populations. Two factors thought to contribute to success of Paddlefish stocking are spawning substrate and prey availability, which were quantified in six reservoirs and nine reservoir tributaries. Side-scan sonar and supervised classification of aerial imagery were used to classify 4517-ha of river substrate upstream of the river-reservoir interface in reservoir tributaries. Zooplankton community structure, water clarity, and nutrient availability were also assessed in the same reservoirs and tributaries. One tributary had suitable spawning substrate (>40%), and the rest had minimal (<1.5%), which suggested that availability of suitable spawning substrate was not directly correlated with Paddlefish stocking success. Reservoirs with self-sustaining Paddlefish populations had higher abundance of large zooplankton (copepods and cladocerans) than reservoirs without a reproducing population. Notably, tributaries associated with Lake Texoma, the one known example of failed restoration, were much more turbid than other rivers. We conclude that abiotic factors such as water clarity may contribute more to variable recruitment than spawning substrate or zooplankton abundance by mediating foraging success of Paddlefish post-larvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/fme.12677","usgsCitation":"Gary, R.A., Long, J.M., Eachus, B.T., Dzialowski, A., and Schooley, J.D., 2024, Factors associated with Paddlefish (Polyodon spathula) restoration success in Oklahoma: Fisheries Management and Ecology, v. 31, no. 2, e12677, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12677.","productDescription":"e12677, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-155693","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/fme.12677","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":432291,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2023-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gary, Ryan A.","contributorId":340752,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gary","given":"Ryan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, James M. 0000-0002-8658-9949 jmlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8658-9949","contributorId":3453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"James","email":"jmlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":907515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eachus, Brian T.","contributorId":340753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eachus","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":81660,"text":"Oklahoma State Universtiy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzialowski, Andrew R.","contributorId":340754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dzialowski","given":"Andrew R.","affiliations":[{"id":7249,"text":"Oklahoma State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schooley, Jason D.","contributorId":340755,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schooley","given":"Jason","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27443,"text":"Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":907518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70261323,"text":"70261323 - 2024 - Improving how science informs policy within the Ecosystem Approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-02-12T17:34:19.139008","indexId":"70261323","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-01T10:50:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improving how science informs policy within the Ecosystem Approach","docAbstract":"Science is fundamental to sound policies, particularly when it comes to implementing an Ecosystem Approach. Science can and should inform nearly all facets of an Ecosystem Approach, yet challenges remain to realizing this goal. To help identify and better understand these challenges we used a qualitative comparative case study approach to identify and characterize the challenges and successes of implementing a science-driven Ecosystem Approach in the Laurentian Great Lakes. These case studies include delisting of Areas of Concern, improving coastal resilience, and addressing declining offshore lake productivity. These case studies were selected because they provide a set of very different, yet complementary, cases for assessing implementation, as well as the factors influencing the science-policy exchange. Through this comparative study, we identified a diverse set of challenges and successes, that were both systemic and case specific. Emerging from this comparative assessment were principles and enabling conditions (e.g. scale, governance, shared goals) we believe are critical to consider when establishing or improving a science-driven Ecosystem Approach.
","language":"English","publisher":"Michigan State University Press","doi":"10.14321/aehm.027.02.27","usgsCitation":"Williams, K., Sowa, S.P., Child, M., Gaden, M., Anderson, J., Bunnell, D.B., Drca, P., Knight, R.L., Norton, R., and Taylor, R., 2024, Improving how science informs policy within the Ecosystem Approach: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 27-48, https://doi.org/10.14321/aehm.027.02.27.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"27","endPage":"48","ipdsId":"IP-152920","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499816,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Kathleen","contributorId":346955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"Kathleen","affiliations":[{"id":6784,"text":"US EPA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sowa, Scott P. 0000-0002-5425-2591 sowasp@missouri.edu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5425-2591","contributorId":146672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sowa","given":"Scott","email":"sowasp@missouri.edu","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Child, Matthew","contributorId":346956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Child","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":38322,"text":"International Joint Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gaden, Marc","contributorId":346957,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gaden","given":"Marc","affiliations":[{"id":7019,"text":"Great Lakes Fishery Commission","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anderson, Janette","contributorId":346958,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Janette","affiliations":[{"id":36681,"text":"Environment and Climate Change Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bunnell, David B. 0000-0003-3521-7747 dbunnell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3521-7747","contributorId":195888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bunnell","given":"David","email":"dbunnell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":920379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Drca, Paul","contributorId":346959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drca","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":39523,"text":"Essex Region Conservation Authority","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Knight, Roger L.","contributorId":81049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knight","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":920381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norton, Richard","contributorId":346960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norton","given":"Richard","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Taylor, Rachael","contributorId":346961,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taylor","given":"Rachael","affiliations":[{"id":83025,"text":"CSS Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":920383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70262564,"text":"70262564 - 2024 - The Ecosystem Approach in the 21st century: Guiding science and management – A synthesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-21T16:46:28.837065","indexId":"70262564","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-01T10:44:07","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":865,"text":"Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Ecosystem Approach in the 21st century: Guiding science and management – A synthesis","docAbstract":"Maintaining the integrity and health of aquatic ecosystems is critical to sustaining the many valued services that they provide society. Unfortunately, achieving this goal has proven challenging in most of the world's large ecosystems owing to rampant environmental change caused by human-driven stress, including accelerating climate change, pollution of waterways, habitat modification and destruction, and the continued spread of non-native species (He and Silliman, 2019; Jenny et al., 2020; Smith et al., 2015; Steffen et al., 2007). These stressors, which can also include purposeful management actions (e.g. nutrient and fisheries management), are presenting a grave challenge globally to efforts aimed at securing a sustainable future for nature, society, and the economy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Scholarly Publishing Collective","doi":"10.14321/aehm.027.02.108","usgsCitation":"Ludsin, S., Carlson, A.K., Duncan, A., Febria, C., Hartig, J., Kellogg, W., Minns, C., Munawar, M., Nolan, S., Van der Knaap, M., Verhamme, E., and Williams, K., 2024, The Ecosystem Approach in the 21st century: Guiding science and management – A synthesis: Aquatic Ecosystem Health & Management, v. 27, no. 2, p. 108-116, https://doi.org/10.14321/aehm.027.02.108.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"108","endPage":"116","ipdsId":"IP-163794","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500797,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12927115/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":480834,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludsin, S.A.","contributorId":349662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ludsin","given":"S.A.","affiliations":[{"id":36630,"text":"Ohio State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Andrew Kenneth 0000-0002-6681-0853","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6681-0853","contributorId":340581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"Kenneth","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Duncan, A.T.","contributorId":349726,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Duncan","given":"A.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":924667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Febria, C.M.","contributorId":349665,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Febria","given":"C.M.","affiliations":[{"id":83499,"text":"Traditional Territories of the Three Fires Confederacy of First Nations – Ojibway, Odawa and Potawatomi","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hartig, J.H.","contributorId":349666,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hartig","given":"J.H.","affiliations":[{"id":48871,"text":"University of Windsor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Kellogg, W.A.","contributorId":349667,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kellogg","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[{"id":18143,"text":"Cleveland State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Minns, C.K.","contributorId":349668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Minns","given":"C.K.","affiliations":[{"id":7044,"text":"University of Toronto","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Munawar, M.","contributorId":349669,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munawar","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13677,"text":"Fisheries and Oceans Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Nolan, S.","contributorId":349670,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nolan","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":48871,"text":"University of Windsor","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Van der Knaap, M.","contributorId":349671,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van der Knaap","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":83502,"text":"University of Liège","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Verhamme, E.M.","contributorId":349672,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Verhamme","given":"E.M.","affiliations":[{"id":83503,"text":"LimnoTech, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Williams, K.C.","contributorId":349673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"K.C.","affiliations":[{"id":6914,"text":"U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70252753,"text":"70252753 - 2024 - Fishes move to transient local refuges, not persistent landscape refuges during river drying experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-03T14:57:50.547672","indexId":"70252753","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-01T10:43:10","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fishes move to transient local refuges, not persistent landscape refuges during river drying experiment","docAbstract":"Summer Lake is located in south-central Oregon at the extreme northwestern extent of the Basin and Range Province, bordered by the Cascade Volcanic Province to the west and the High Lava Plains to the north. The valley hosts numerous hot springs and a small geothermal powerplant at the southeastern end of the valley in the town of Paisley. This tectonically active region has undergone significant ENE-directed extension producing highly faulted terrain with fault blocks tilting on average 60° from the maximum extension direction. Local geology consists of young volcanics which have been extensively dissected by predominantly NNW-trending normal faults. These same structures likely extend through the basin but are concealed by young basin fill sediments and volcanics. As a result, potential field geophysical methods are ideally suited for characterizing subsurface geology and structures in this region which are important for understanding basin evolution and tectonics within the valley. New ground-based gravity and magnetic data, as well as sUAS- (small uncrewed aerial systems) based magnetic data reveal a prevalent NNW-trending fabric beneath the basin fill in southern Summer Lake valley that likely plays an important role in controlling the flow of subsurface hydrothermal fluids. Additionally, measurements were performed on outcrops, hand samples and paleomagnetic cores to constrain the physical properties (density, magnetic susceptibility and magnetic remanence) of local geology. Together, these data help resolve basin geometry and delineate concealed faults and contacts, informing our understanding of the structural framework and geothermal resource potential of southern Summer Lake valley.
","conferenceTitle":"49th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 12-14, 2024","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Stanford University","usgsCitation":"Earney, T.E., and Glen, J.M., 2024, Characterizing structure in southern Summer Lake valley, Oregon using ground- and sUAS-based potential field geophysics, 49th Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, CA, February 12-14, 2024, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-161623","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":432320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pangea.stanford.edu/ERE/db/IGAstandard/record_detail.php?id=36321","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":432336,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Summer Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.96741614462996,\n 43.12495779691321\n ],\n [\n -120.96741614462996,\n 42.57546720866469\n ],\n [\n -120.36914716752312,\n 42.57546720866469\n ],\n [\n -120.36914716752312,\n 43.12495779691321\n ],\n [\n -120.96741614462996,\n 43.12495779691321\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Earney, Tait E. 0000-0002-1504-0457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1504-0457","contributorId":210080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Earney","given":"Tait","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M.G. 0000-0002-3502-3355 jglen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3502-3355","contributorId":176530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glen","given":"Jonathan","email":"jglen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":909205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70251772,"text":"70251772 - 2024 - Serologic survey of selected arthropod-borne pathogens in free-ranging snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) captured in Northern Michigan, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-09-11T16:04:50.972326","indexId":"70251772","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-01T08:57:40","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic survey of selected arthropod-borne pathogens in free-ranging snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) captured in Northern Michigan, USA","docAbstract":"Snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) in the Upper Peninsula (UP) of Michigan, USA, occupy the southern periphery of the species' range and are vulnerable to climate change. In the eastern UP, hares are isolated by the Great Lakes, potentially exacerbating exposure to climate-change-induced habitat alterations. Climate change is also measurably affecting distribution and prevalence of vector-borne pathogens in North America, and increases in disease occurrence and prevalence can be one signal of climate-stressed wildlife populations. We conducted a serosurvey for vector-borne pathogens in snowshoe hares that were captured in the Hiawatha National Forest in the eastern UP of Michigan, USA, 2016-2017. The most commonly detected antibody response was to the mosquito-borne California serogroup snowshoe hare virus (SSHV). Overall, 24 (51%) hares screened positive for SSHV antibodies and of these, 23 (96%) were confirmed positive by plaque reduction neutralization test. We found a positive association between seroprevalence of SSHV and live weight of snowshoe hares. Additionally, we detected a significant effect of ecological land type group on seroprevalence of SSHV, with strong positive support for a group representing areas that tend to support high numbers of hares (i.e., acidic mineral containing soils with cedar, mixed swamp conifers, tamarack and balsam fir as common overstory vegetation). We also detected and confirmed antibodies for Jamestown Canyon virus and Silverwater virus in a single hare each. We did not detect antibodies to other zoonotic vector-borne pathogens, including Lacrosse encephalitis virus, West Nile virus, Borrelia burgdorferi, Powassan virus, and Francisella tularensis. These results provide a baseline for future serological studies of vector-transmitted diseases that may increase climate vulnerability of snowshoe hares in the UP of Michigan, as well as pose a climate-related zoonotic risk.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/JWD-D-23-00009","usgsCitation":"Hofmeister, E.K., Clark, E., Lund, M., and Grear, D.A., 2024, Serologic survey of selected arthropod-borne pathogens in free-ranging snowshoe hares (Lepus americanus) captured in Northern Michigan, USA: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 60, no. 2, p. 375-387, https://doi.org/10.7589/JWD-D-23-00009.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"375","endPage":"387","ipdsId":"IP-137598","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":426054,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Hiawatha National Forest, Upper Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.12495684063921,\n 46.50986311167162\n ],\n [\n -85.11801650695072,\n 46.02046787491247\n ],\n [\n -84.89592582891105,\n 45.92035440284381\n ],\n [\n -84.71721223642521,\n 45.93302539211934\n ],\n [\n -84.62872298189352,\n 45.993959465281165\n ],\n [\n -84.5940213134503,\n 46.488365359475324\n ],\n [\n -85.12495684063921,\n 46.50986311167162\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hofmeister, Erik K. 0000-0002-2305-519X ehofmeister@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2305-519X","contributorId":269350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hofmeister","given":"Erik","email":"ehofmeister@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Eric","contributorId":333599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79941,"text":"Inland Fish and Wildlife Department of the Sault Ste. Marie Tribe of Chippewa Indians, 523 Ashmun St.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lund, Melissa 0000-0003-4577-2015","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4577-2015","contributorId":333600,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lund","given":"Melissa","affiliations":[{"id":79942,"text":"NWHC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":895507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grear, Daniel A. 0000-0002-5478-1549 dgrear@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5478-1549","contributorId":189819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grear","given":"Daniel","email":"dgrear@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":895508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70252666,"text":"70252666 - 2024 - A Robot Operating System (ROS) package for mapping flow fields in rivers via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T13:47:52.663272","indexId":"70252666","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-01T08:45:21","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":17446,"text":"Software X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Robot Operating System (ROS) package for mapping flow fields in rivers via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV)","docAbstract":"Non-contact, remote sensing approaches to measuring flow velocities in river channels are widely used, but typical workflows involve acquiring images in the field and then processing data later in the office. To reduce latency between acquisition and output, with the ultimate goal of enabling real-time image velocimetry, we developed a Robot Operating System (ROS) package for Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) that can be deployed on an embedded computer aboard an uncrewed aircraft system (UAS). The ROSPIV package consists of a series of nodes that can be run in parallel and comprise an end-to-end PIV workflow. Software development involved converting MATLAB code to C++, organizing files within a catkin workspace, and building nodes using catkin_make. The codebase is available via a repository that includes a user’s guide and demo script. This paper describes the nodes in the ROSPIV package as well as functions for preparing inputs, facilitating code generation, and visualizing PIV output. To illustrate the application of the software, we present two examples, one based on a simulated image sequence and the other based on data acquired from a UAS. For the simulated data, the velocity field derived via the ROSPIV package closely matched the known flow field used to generate the image sequence. Using real data as input demonstrated the ability of the ROSPIV package to ingest and pre-process raw images. Our initial results suggest that the ROSPIV package could become a viable approach for mapping river surface velocities in real time.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.softx.2024.101711","usgsCitation":"Legleiter, C.J., and Dille, M., 2024, A Robot Operating System (ROS) package for mapping flow fields in rivers via Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV): Software X, v. 26, 101711, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2024.101711.","productDescription":"101711, 7 p.","ipdsId":"IP-157370","costCenters":[{"id":37786,"text":"WMA - Observing Systems Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":439989,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.softx.2024.101711","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":435001,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96BQQQ6","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Remotely sensed data from a reach of the Sacramento River near Glenn, California, used to perform Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) within the Robot Operating System (ROS)"},{"id":427352,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legleiter, Carl J. 0000-0003-0940-8013 cjl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0940-8013","contributorId":169002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Legleiter","given":"Carl","email":"cjl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":897859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dille, Michael","contributorId":331596,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dille","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":79249,"text":"NASA Ames Research Center Intelligent Robotics Group","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":897860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70255026,"text":"70255026 - 2024 - Estimating migration timing and abundance in partial migratory systems by integrating continuous antenna detections with physical captures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-15T15:13:06.675879","indexId":"70255026","displayToPublicDate":"2024-04-01T08:31:53","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2158,"text":"Journal of Animal Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating migration timing and abundance in partial migratory systems by integrating continuous antenna detections with physical captures","docAbstract":"Surface-water supplies are important sources of drinking water for residents in the Triangle area of North Carolina, which is located within the upper Cape Fear and Neuse River Basins. Since 1988, the U.S. Geological Survey and a consortium of local governments have participated in a cooperative effort, known as the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, to track water-quality and quantity conditions in several of the area’s water-supply reservoirs and streams. This report summarizes the hydrologic and water-quality monitoring activities through this cooperative effort, including an overview of previous and current data collection and quality-assurance and quality-control activities.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20241003","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project Steering Committee","usgsCitation":"Diaz, J.C., and Fanelli, R.M., 2024, Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, North Carolina—Overview of hydrologic and water-quality monitoring activities and data quality assurance: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2024–1003, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20241003.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 8 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"18","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-140656","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499203,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_116211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":426743,"rank":1,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/images"},{"id":426744,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":426745,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/ofr20241003.pdf","size":"1.42 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2024-1003"},{"id":426747,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2024/1003/ofr20241003.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2024-1003 XML"},{"id":426746,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20241003/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2024-1003 HTML"},{"id":426748,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9MU5BAZ","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Associated data for the Triangle Area Water Supply Monitoring Project, North Carolina, October 2019–September 2022"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Triangle area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.65,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -79.375,\n 36.25\n ],\n [\n -79.375,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -78.65,\n 35.5\n ],\n [\n -78.65,\n 36.25\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Prior to 2014, local utilities and State agencies monitored for cyanotoxins and taste-and-odor (T&O) compounds and reported occasional detections in three water-supply reservoirs in Wake County, North Carolina. Comparable data for cyanotoxins and T&O compounds were lacking for other water-supply reservoirs in the Triangle area of North Carolina. This report assesses whether cyanotoxins and T&O compounds occurred in four previously unmonitored North Carolina Triangle area water-supply reservoirs at levels that exceed existing North Carolina and U.S. Environmental Protection Agency recreational and drinking water health advisory, guidance, and criterion levels based on data collected during the peak phytoplankton growth period in 2014. Samples were collected from five sites across the study reservoirs (Cane Creek Reservoir, West Fork Eno River Reservoir, B. Everett Jordan Lake, and University Lake) between April and October 2014 and analyzed for physical characteristics, chemical constituents, phytoplankton communities, cyanotoxins, and T&O compounds.
Lake stratification during the sampling period in 2014 could indicate that the deep zones of the water column, during stratified anoxic conditions, may serve as possible sources of nutrients and metals for algal growth and other biogeochemical processes. Differences in phytoplankton communities were attributed to variability in environmental conditions across the sites and sampling events. Differences generally were greater among sites than among sampling events for phytoplankton communities and environmental conditions.
Phytoplankton community assemblages, within reservoirs, often were dominated by cyanobacteria that contained genera capable of producing T&O compounds and cyanotoxins during summer and fall months. The occurrence and associated biovolumes of potential producers of cyanotoxins and T&O compounds varied across the sites and sampling events. Of 20 samples collected during the study, the T&O compound geosmin and the cyanotoxin microcystin were present in 19 and 18 samples, respectively. While not harmful, the aesthetically displeasing geosmin concentrations periodically exceeded the human detection threshold of 15 nanograms per liter at most sites. The T&O compound 2-methylisoborneol (MIB) was detected in 11 of 20 samples, with concentrations below the human detection threshold of 15 nanograms per liter in all but one sample. The cyanotoxin anatoxin-a was detected in two of the samples. No other cyanotoxins were detected during the study.
In general, results did not indicate the biovolume of any given phytoplankton genera in the study was correlated with increased concentrations of MIB, geosmin, or microcystin. Results from this study indicated that microcystin concentrations in the water-supply reservoirs in the Triangle area were below EPA-recommended recreational level of 8 micrograms per liter, but periodically exceeded the EPA finished-water 10-day health advisory level of 0.3 microgram per liter for bottle-fed infants and preschool-age children. This suggests longer term data collection may be necessary to better understand the magnitude and frequency of cyanotoxin concentrations in these four water-supply reservoirs, particularly those with an elevated risk of exceeding the EPA 10-day health advisory levels in the finished drinking water or those with a higher frequency of T&O compound occurrence.
Director, South Atlantic Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1770 Corporate Drive, Suite 500
Norcross, GA 30093
Exotic annual grass invasion is a widespread threat to the integrity of sagebrush ecosystems in Western North America. Although many predictors of annual grass prevalence and native perennial vegetation have been identified, there remains substantial uncertainty about how regional-scale and local-scale predictors interact to determine vegetation heterogeneity, and how associations between vegetation and cattle grazing vary with environmental context. Here, we conducted a regionally extensive, one-season field survey across burned and unburned, grazed, public lands in Oregon and Idaho, with plots stratified by aspect and distance to water within pastures to capture variation in environmental context and grazing intensity. We analyzed regional-scale and local-scale patterns of annual grass, perennial grass, and shrub cover, and examined to what extent plot-level variation was contingent on pasture-level predictions of site favorability. Annual grasses were widespread at burned and unburned sites alike, contrary to assumptions of annual grasses depending on fire, and more common at lower elevations and higher temperatures regionally, as well as on warmer slopes locally. Pasture-level grazing pressure interacted with temperature such that annual grass cover was associated positively with grazing pressure at higher temperatures but associated negatively with grazing pressure at lower temperatures. This suggests that pasture-level temperature and grazing relationships with annual grass abundance are complex and context dependent, although the causality of this relationship deserves further examination. At the plot-level within pastures, annual grass cover did not vary with grazing metrics, but perennial cover did; perennial grasses, for example, had lower cover closer to water sources, but higher cover at higher dung counts within a pasture, suggesting contrasting interpretations of these two grazing proxies. Importantly for predictions of ecosystem response to temperature change, we found that pasture-level and plot-level favorability interacted: perennial grasses had a higher plot-level cover on cooler slopes, and this difference across topography was starkest in pastures that were less favorable for perennial grasses regionally. Understanding the mechanisms behind cross-scale interactions and contingent responses of vegetation to grazing in these increasingly invaded ecosystems will be critical to land management in a changing world.
This paper describes development of a nitrate decision support tool for groundwater wells (GW-NDST) that combines nitrate leaching and groundwater lag-times to compute well concentrations. The GW-NDST uses output from support models that simulate leached nitrate, groundwater age distributions, and nitrate reduction rates. The support models are linked through convolution to simulate nitrate transport to wells. Spatially distributed parameters were adjusted through calibration to 34,255 nitrate sample targets. Prediction uncertainty is illustrated via Monte Carlo realizations informed during calibration. Over 78% of target concentrations were within the simulated range of results from 450 realizations. An example forecasting scenario illustrates that a range of feasible outcomes exist and should be considered when interpreting forecasts for decision making. Uncertainty in forecasting is unavoidable; the intent of characterizing uncertainty in the GW-NDST is to facilitate decision making by increasing insight into the response of nitrate contamination to physical and chemical processes.
Predicting the potential distribution of a non-native species can assist management efforts to mitigate impacts on recipient ecosystems. However, such predictions are lacking for marine species, such as the non-native regal demoiselle, Neopomacentrus cyanomos, that is currently expanding its distribution in the western Atlantic. We used correlative species distribution models with three common algorithms to predict suitable habitat for N. cyanomos in the region. We compared models developed using native, non-native, and global occurrences to differentiate drivers across separate ranges using a suite of 12 environmental characteristics. While final models included an ensemble of variables, the majority ranked the combined effect of temperature variables as a key predictor correlated with the distribution of N. cyanomos. Habitat suitability increased as water temperatures increased beyond 16 °C and where annual thermal ranges were greater than 10 °C at the shallowest depth with substrate within a study cell (~ 9.2 km2 resolution). Habitat suitability also increased where maximum surface temperatures were greater than 27 °C. In the non-native range, the proportion of reef available in each cell was another important variable increasing the suitable habitat for N. cyanomos. Our models predicted high habitat suitability for N. cyanomos throughout the Greater Caribbean, in higher latitudes along North and South American Atlantic coasts, in the eastern Pacific Ocean, and highlights key areas where managers can monitor and target potential removal efforts. The distribution of this non-native species is likely to continue expanding throughout the region with little known about potential implications on native communities.
Fall bottom trawl (fall BT) and lakewide acoustic (AC) surveys are conducted annually to generate indices of pelagic and benthic prey fish densities in Lake Michigan. The fall BT survey has been conducted each fall since 1973 using 12-m trawls at depths ranging from 9 to 110 m at fixed locations distributed across seven transects; this survey estimates densities of seven prey fish species [i.e., Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), Bloater (Coregonus hoyi), Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax), Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii), Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus), Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), Ninespine Stickleback (Pungitius pungitius)] as well as age-0 Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) and large (> 350 mm) Burbot (Lota lota). The AC survey has been conducted each late summer/early fall since 2004, and the 2023 survey consisted of 20 transects [450 km total (336 miles)] covering bottom depths ranging from 12 to 248 m and 29 midwater trawl tows above bottom depths ranging 16 to 246 m; this survey estimates densities of three prey fish species (i.e., Alewife, Bloater, and Rainbow Smelt). The data generated from these surveys are used to estimate various population parameters that are, in turn, used by state and tribal agencies in managing Lake Michigan fish stocks. A spring bottom trawl survey (spring BT) was implemented across 3 of the transects sampled in the fall and sites ranged in depth from 18 to 164 m. The goal of the spring BT is to explore seasonal differences in biomass density and distributions of key prey species, most notably Alewife. Additionally, we conducted acoustic sampling while bottom trawling to evaluate the vertical distribution of fish relative to the height of the trawl.
The abbreviated spring BT survey results indicated that Alewives were primarily offshore with peak biomass density at the 91 m bottom depth. There was no evidence of higher acoustic density above the trawl at depths of 18, 73, 128, and 146 m. At 91 and 164 m, acoustic density above the trawl was >2x that in the trawl path, but sample size at these two depths was low. For the AC survey, total biomass density of prey fish equaled 14.8 kg/ha, 223% higher than the longterm average (2004-2022) of 4.6 kg/ha and 8.8 kg/ha higher than the 2022 estimate. For the fall BT, total biomass density of prey fish equaled 3.6 kg/ha, about 50% lower than the average value from 2004-2022 (6.9 kg/ha). The 2023 fall BT biomass was an order of magnitude lower than the average over the entirety of the time series (1973-2022; 33.7 kg/ha).
Bloater was the dominant species (by biomass) among prey fishes in the fall BT, while the AC survey reported dominance of Alewife. Mean biomass of yearling and older (YAO) Alewife was 10.3 kg/ha in the AC survey, and 0.7 kg/ha in the fall BT. Since 2014, catchability of YAO Alewives for the fall BT has been substantially lower than the AC survey. While limited in scope, the results of the 2023 spring BT do not suggest that catchability is substantially higher in the spring than the fall, which aligns with the 2022 survey results.
Comparing the AC estimate to previous years, YAO Alewife biomass was 359% higher than the average from 2004-2022. Numeric density of age-0 Alewife from the AC survey was 1,205 fish/ha in 2023, which is the third highest in the time series and well above the long-term mean of 428 fish/ha. Biomass density of large (≥120 mm) Bloater in 2023 was 3.5 kg/ha in the AC survey and 2.1 kg/ha in the fall BT - each at least an order of magnitude lower than what was estimated by the fall BT between 1985 and 1997. Following a record high year in 2021 (1,034 fish/ha), the numeric density of small (<120 mm) Bloater was 142 fish/ha in the AC survey, similar to the long-term mean of 120 fish/ha. Meanwhile, small Bloater density estimated in the fall BT was 2 fish/ha. Biomass density of large Rainbow Smelt (≥90 mm) was <0.05 kg/ha in the AC and fall BT surveys, continuing the trend of low Rainbow Smelt biomass that has been observed since 2001. Numeric density of small (<90 mm) Rainbow Smelt was 119 fish/ha in the AC survey and 7 fish/ha in the fall BT, indicating a weak year-class. All four prey fish species sampled only by the fall BT indicated below average biomass densities. Deepwater Sculpin biomass density was estimated at 0.4 kg/ha, which makes 13 of the past 14 years when biomass was <1 kg/ha. Slimy Sculpin was estimated at 0.02 kg/ha, only 5% of the long-term average. Round Goby was estimated at 0.3 kg/ha, below the average biomass of 0.85 kg/ha since 2008 but similar to intermittent low values observed throughout the dataset. Ninespine Stickleback density was 1 fish/ha. Only 35 small (<100 mm) Yellow Perch were caught, indicating a weak Yellow Perch year-class in 2023.
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S. Geological Survey-Great Lakes Science Center has monitored annual changes in the offshore (depth >9m) prey fish community of Lake Huron since 1973. Monitoring of prey fish populations in Lake Huron is based on a bottom trawl survey that targets demersal (benthic) species and an acoustic-midwater trawl survey that targets pelagic species and life stages. In 2023, Bloater (Coregonus hoyi) accounted for 77% of the main basin biomass in bottom trawls and 86% of the main basin biomass in the acoustics survey. Despite this sustained importance of native species in the main basin, species diversity is below desired levels. Bloater in the main basin has exhibited population growth and strong recruitment in recent years, and Cisco (Coregonus artedi) has exhibited increased biomass in the North Channel since 2015. In contrast non-native Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus), whose population collapsed in 2004 and has not recovered, were less than 1% of fish biomass in 2023. Rainbow Smelt (Osmerus mordax) accounted for 7% of the main basin biomass in bottom trawls and 22% of the main basin biomass in the acoustics survey. Despite remaining the second-most abundant prey species in the main basin, Rainbow Smelt has not shown appreciable increases in biomass despite recent strong year classes. Deepwater Sculpin (Myoxocephalus thompsonii) increased by 47% in 2023 and were 33% of the long-term average. Slimy Sculpin (Cottus cognatus) increased to 60% of the long-term average but remained rare in bottom trawl catches. In contrast, biomass of Round Goby (Neogobius melanostomus), a non-native species similar ecologically to the sculpin species, remained near the record high biomass reached in 2022. Current lake conditions characterized by ongoing oligotrophication seem to favor native coregonines over non-native fishes. Use of complementary surveys (bottom trawl, acoustics) remains important for evaluating prey fish status in Lake Huron, where prey fish community dynamics vary by basin and prey fish responses to changing environmental conditions depend on species and/or habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Great lakes Fishery Commission","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, T.P., Hondorp, D.W., Roseman, E.F., Esselman, P.C., Brant, C., Farha, S.A., and Phillips, K., 2024, Status and trends of the Lake Huron prey fish community, 1976-2023, 27 p.","productDescription":"27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-163919","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501737,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://glfc.org/publication-media-search.php"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Huron","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.7705078125,\n 45.81348649679973\n ],\n [\n -84.4189453125,\n 45.5679096098613\n ],\n [\n 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A.","contributorId":79026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farha","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":901807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Phillips, Kristy 0000-0001-8378-0660","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8378-0660","contributorId":204292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"Kristy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":901808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70252659,"text":"70252659 - 2024 - Simulating past and future fire impacts on Mediterranean ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-20T15:28:13.244929","indexId":"70252659","displayToPublicDate":"2024-03-31T07:17:50","publicationYear":"2024","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating past and future fire impacts on Mediterranean ecosystems","docAbstract":"Stable isotopes (SI) and fatty acid (FA) biomarkers can provide insights regarding trophic pathways and habitats associated with contaminant bioaccumulation. We assessed relationships between SI and FA biomarkers and published data on concentrations of two pesticides [dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane and degradation products (DDX) and bifenthrin] in juvenile Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) from the Sacramento River and Yolo Bypass floodplain in Northern California near Sacramento. We also conducted SI and FA analyses of zooplankton and macroinvertebrates to determine whether particular trophic pathways and habitats were associated with elevated pesticide concentrations in fish. Relationships between DDX and both sulfur (δ34S) and carbon (δ13C) SI ratios in salmon indicated that diet is a major exposure route for DDX, particularly for individuals with a benthic detrital energy base. Greater use of a benthic detrital energy base likely accounted for the higher frequency of salmon with DDX concentrations > 60 ng/g dw in the Yolo Bypass compared to the Sacramento River. Chironomid larvae and zooplankton were implicated as prey items likely responsible for trophic transfer of DDX to salmon. Sulfur SI ratios enabled identification of hatchery-origin fish that had likely spent insufficient time in the wild to substantially bioaccumulate DDX. Bifenthrin concentration was unrelated to SI or FA biomarkers in salmon, potentially due to aqueous uptake, biotransformation and elimination of the pesticide, or indistinct biomarker compositions among invertebrates with low and high bifenthrin concentrations. One FA [docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)] and DDX were negatively correlated in salmon, potentially due to a greater uptake of DDX from invertebrates with low DHA or effects of DDX on FA metabolism. Trophic biomarkers may be useful indicators of DDX accumulation and effects in juvenile Chinook Salmon in the Sacramento River Delta.