The need to increase our understanding of factors that regulate animal population dynamics has been catalysed by recent, observed declines in wildlife populations worldwide. Reliable estimates of demographic parameters are critical for addressing basic and applied ecological questions and understanding the response of parameters to perturbations (e.g. disease, habitat loss, climate change). However, to fully assess the impact of perturbation on population dynamics, all parameters contributing to the response of the target population must be estimated.
We applied the reverse‐time model of Pradel in Program mark to 6 years of capture–recapture data from two populations of Anaxyrus boreas (boreal toad) populations, one with disease and one without. We then assessed a priori hypotheses about differences in survival and recruitment relative to local environmental conditions and the presence of disease.
We further explored the relative contribution of survival probability and recruitment rate to population growth and investigated how shifts in these parameters can alter population dynamics when a population is perturbed.
High recruitment rates (0·41) are probably compensating for low survival probability (range 0·51–0·54) in the population challenged by an emerging pathogen, resulting in a relatively slow rate of decline. In contrast, the population with no evidence of disease had high survival probability (range 0·75–0·78) but lower recruitment rates (0·25).
Synthesis and applications. We suggest that the relationship between survival and recruitment may be compensatory, providing evidence that populations challenged with disease are not necessarily doomed to extinction. A better understanding of these interactions may help to explain, and be used to predict, population regulation and persistence for wildlife threatened with disease. Further, reliable estimates of population parameters such as recruitment and survival can guide the formulation and implementation of conservation actions such as repatriations or habitat management aimed to improve recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"British Ecological Society","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x","issn":"00218901","usgsCitation":"Muths, E., Scherer, R.D., and Pilliod, D., 2011, Compensatory effects of recruitment and survival when amphibian populations are perturbed by disease: Journal of Applied Ecology, v. 48, no. 4, p. 873-879, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"873","endPage":"879","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487198,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217826,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2664.2011.02005.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f8c8e4b0c8380cd4d2c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muths, E.","contributorId":6394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muths","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scherer, R. D.","contributorId":8061,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scherer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":6674,"text":"Department of Integrative Biology, University of Colorado Denver","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":457961,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pilliod, D. S.","contributorId":45259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pilliod","given":"D. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70036765,"text":"70036765 - 2011 - Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-08T15:46:43.265367","indexId":"70036765","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2373,"text":"Journal of Mammalogy","onlineIssn":"1545-1542","printIssn":"0022-2372","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes","docAbstract":"The Andean cat (Leopardus jacobita) is one of the most endangered, yet least known, felids. Although the Andean cat is considered at risk of extinction, rigorous quantitative population studies are lacking. Because physical observations of the Andean cat are difficult to make in the wild, we used a camera-trapping array to photo-capture individuals. The survey was conducted in northwestern Argentina at an elevation of approximately 4,200 m during October-December 2006 and April-June 2007. In each year we deployed 22 pairs of camera traps, which were strategically placed. To estimate detection probability and density we applied models for spatial capture-recapture using a Bayesian framework. Estimated densities were 0.07 and 0.12 individual/km2 for 2006 and 2007, respectively. Mean baseline detection probability was estimated at 0.07. By comparison, densities of the Pampas cat (Leopardus colocolo), another poorly known felid that shares its habitat with the Andean cat, were estimated at 0.74–0.79 individual/km2 in the same study area for 2006 and 2007, and its detection probability was estimated at 0.02. Despite having greater detectability, the Andean cat is rarer in the study region than the Pampas cat. Properly accounting for the detection probability is important in making reliable estimates of density, a key parameter in conservation and management decisions for any species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1644/10-MAMM-A-053.1","usgsCitation":"Reppucci, J., Gardner, B., and Lucherini, M., 2011, Estimating detection and density of the Andean cat in the high Andes: Journal of Mammalogy, v. 92, no. 1, p. 140-147, https://doi.org/10.1644/10-MAMM-A-053.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"140","endPage":"147","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475619,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/10-mamm-a-053.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":245488,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina","otherGeospatial":"High Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n -25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -63.6328125,\n -25.16517336866393\n ],\n [\n -63.6328125,\n -21.69826549685252\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n -21.69826549685252\n ],\n [\n -67.67578124999999,\n -25.16517336866393\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b15e4b0c8380cd5256b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reppucci, Juan","contributorId":24487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reppucci","given":"Juan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457720,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, Beth","contributorId":140853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"Beth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lucherini, Mauro","contributorId":24488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lucherini","given":"Mauro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70032419,"text":"70032419 - 2011 - Simulating the potential effects of climate change in two Colorado basins and at two Colorado ski areas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-28T15:31:02","indexId":"70032419","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1421,"text":"Earth Interactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating the potential effects of climate change in two Colorado basins and at two Colorado ski areas","docAbstract":"The mountainous areas of Colorado are used for tourism and recreation, and they provide water storage and supply for municipalities, industries, and agriculture. Recent studies suggest that water supply and tourist industries such as skiing are at risk from climate change. In this study, a distributed-parameter watershed model, the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), is used to identify the potential effects of future climate on hydrologic conditions for two Colorado basins, the East River at Almont and the Yampa River at Steamboat Springs, and at the subbasin scale for two ski areas within those basins.
Climate-change input files for PRMS were generated by modifying daily PRMS precipitation and temperature inputs with mean monthly climate-change fields of precipitation and temperature derived from five general circulation model (GCM) simulations using one current and three future carbon emission scenarios. All GCM simulations of mean daily minimum and maximum air temperature for the East and Yampa River basins indicate a relatively steady increase of up to several degrees Celsius from baseline conditions by 2094. GCM simulations of precipitation in the two basins indicate little change or trend in precipitation, but there is a large range associated with these projections. PRMS projections of basin mean daily streamflow vary by scenario but indicate a central tendency toward slight decreases, with a large range associated with these projections.
Decreases in water content or changes in the spatial extent of snowpack in the East and Yampa River basins are important because of potential adverse effects on water supply and recreational activities. PRMS projections of each future scenario indicate a central tendency for decreases in basin mean snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent, with the range in the projected decreases increasing with time. However, when examined on a monthly basis, the projected decreases are most dramatic during fall and spring. Presumably, ski area locations are picked because of a tendency to receive snow and keep snowpack relative to the surrounding area. This effect of ski area location within the basin was examined by comparing projections of March snow-covered area and snowpack water equivalent for the entire basin with more local projections for the portion of the basin that represents the ski area in the PRMS models. These projections indicate a steady decrease in March snow-covered area for the basins but only small changes in March snow-covered area at both ski areas for the three future scenarios until around 2050. After 2050, larger decreases are possible, but there is a large range in the projections of future scenarios. The rates of decrease for snowpack water equivalent and precipitation that falls as snow are similar at the basin and subbasin scale in both basins. Results from this modeling effort show that there is a wide range of possible outcomes for future snowpack conditions in Colorado. The results also highlight the differences between projections for entire basins and projections for local areas or subbasins within those basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2011EI373.1","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2011, Simulating the potential effects of climate change in two Colorado basins and at two Colorado ski areas: Earth Interactions, v. 15, no. 22, p. 1-23, https://doi.org/10.1175/2011EI373.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"23","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475226,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2011ei373.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":241440,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"East River, Yampa 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GLOBEC) program, we tested the hypothesis that the winter foraging ecology of a major top predator in waters off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), the Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae), is constrained by oceanographic features related to the physiography of the region. This hypothesis grew from the supposition that breeding colonies in the WAP during summer are located adjacent to areas of complex bathymetry where circulation and upwelling processes appear to ensure predictable food resources. Therefore, we tested the additional hypothesis that these areas continue to contribute to the foraging strategy of this species throughout the non-breeding winter season. We used satellite telemetry data collected as part of the SO GLOBEC program during the austral winters of 2001 and 2002 to characterize individual penguin foraging locations in relation to bathymetry, sea ice variability within the pack ice, and wind velocity and divergence (as a proxy for potential areas with cracks and leads). We also explored differences between males and females in core foraging area overlap. Ocean depth was the most influential variable in the determination of foraging location, with most birds focusing their effort on shallow (<200 m) waters near land and on mixed-layer (200–500 m) waters near the edge of deep troughs. Within-ice variability and wind (as a proxy for potential areas with cracks and leads) were not found to be influential variables, which is likely because of the low resolution satellite imagery and model outputs that were available. Throughout the study period, all individuals maintained a core foraging area separated from other individuals with very little overlap. However, from a year with light sea ice to one with heavy ice cover (2001–2002), we observed an increase in the overlap of individual female foraging areas with those of other birds, likely due to restricted access to the water column, reduced prey abundance, or higher prey concentration. Male birds maintained separate core foraging areas with the same small amount of overlap, showing no difference in overlap between the years. While complex bathymetry was an important physical variable influencing the Adélie penguin's foraging, the analysis of sea ice data of a higher resolution than was available for this study may help elucidate the role of sea ice in affecting Adélie penguin winter foraging behavior within the pack ice.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.054","usgsCitation":"Erdmann, E.S., Ribic, C., Patterson-Fraser, D.L., and Fraser, W., 2011, Characterization of winter foraging locations of Adélie penguins along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, 2001–2002: Deep-Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, v. 58, no. 13-16, p. 1710-1718, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsr2.2010.10.054.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1710","endPage":"1718","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013811","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":323602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.73828125,\n -74.86788912917916\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n -62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -55.72265625,\n -62.34960927573042\n ],\n [\n -55.72265625,\n -74.86788912917916\n ],\n [\n -81.73828125,\n -74.86788912917916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"58","issue":"13-16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57612aaee4b04f417c2ce48a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Erdmann, Eric S.","contributorId":97743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erdmann","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ribic, Christine 0000-0003-2583-1778 caribic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2583-1778","contributorId":147952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ribic","given":"Christine","email":"caribic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5068,"text":"Midwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":637282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Patterson-Fraser, Donna L.","contributorId":84726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson-Fraser","given":"Donna","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fraser, William R.","contributorId":94277,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fraser","given":"William R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":638765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036553,"text":"70036553 - 2011 - Position of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and timing of the end-Triassic extinctions on land: Data from the Moenave Formation on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-05T17:39:26.105536","indexId":"70036553","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Position of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and timing of the end-Triassic extinctions on land: Data from the Moenave Formation on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA","docAbstract":"Strata of the Moenave Formation on and adjacent to the southern Colorado Plateau in Utah–Arizona, U.S.A., represent one of the best known and most stratigraphically continuous, complete and fossiliferous terrestrial sections across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary. We present a synthesis of new biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic data collected from across the Moenave Formation outcrop belt, which extends from the St. George area in southwestern Utah to the Tuba City area in northern Arizona. These data include palynomorphs, conchostracans and vertebrate fossils (including footprints) and a composite polarity record based on four overlapping magnetostratigraphic sections. Placement of the Triassic–Jurassic boundary in strata of the Moenave Formation has long been imprecise and debatable, but these new data (especially the conchostracans) allow us to place the Triassic–Jurassic boundary relatively precisely in the middle part of the Whitmore Point Member of the Moenave Formation, stratigraphically well above the highest occurrence of crurotarsan body fossils or footprints. Correlation to marine sections based on this placement indicates that major terrestrial vertebrate extinctions preceded marine extinctions across the Triassic–Jurassic boundary and therefore were likely unrelated to the Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) volcanism.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.009","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Lucas, S.G., Tanner, L., Donohoo-Hurley, L., Geissman, J.W., Kozur, H.W., Heckert, A., and Weems, R.E., 2011, Position of the Triassic-Jurassic boundary and timing of the end-Triassic extinctions on land: Data from the Moenave Formation on the southern Colorado Plateau, USA: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 302, no. 3-4, p. 194-205, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.009.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"194","endPage":"205","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217699,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.01.009"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Moenave Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 34.14363482031264\n ],\n [\n -110.654296875,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 37.50972584293751\n ],\n [\n -114.06005859375,\n 34.14363482031264\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"302","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7e03e4b0c8380cd7a2b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lucas, S. 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W.","contributorId":57301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kozur","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456719,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Heckert, A.B.","contributorId":21387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heckert","given":"A.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":456717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Weems, Robert E. 0000-0002-1907-7804 rweems@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1907-7804","contributorId":2663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weems","given":"Robert","email":"rweems@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":456718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035328,"text":"70035328 - 2011 - Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-08T12:37:22.253723","indexId":"70035328","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles","docAbstract":"After 33 years of repose, one of the most active volcanoes of the Kurile island arc—Sarychev Peak on Matua Island in the Central Kuriles—erupted violently on June 11, 2009. The eruption lasted 9 days and stands among the largest of recent historical eruptions in the Kurile Island chain. Satellite monitoring of the eruption, using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer, Meteorological Agency Multifunctional Transport Satellite, and Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer data, indicated at least 23 separate explosions between 11 and 16 June 2009. Eruptive clouds reached altitudes of generally 8–16 km above sea level (ASL) and in some cases up to 21 km asl. Clouds of volcanic ash and gas stretched to the north and northwest up to 1,500 km and to the southeast for more than 3,000 km. For the first time in recorded history, ash fall occurred on Sakhalin Island and in the northeast sector of the Khabarovsky Region, Russia. Based on satellite image analysis and reconnaissance field studies in the summer of 2009, the eruption produced explosive tephra deposits with an estimated bulk volume of 0.4 km3. The eruption is considered to have a Volcanic Explosivity Index of 4. Because the volcano is remote, there was minimal risk to people or infrastructure on the ground. Aviation transport, however, was significantly disrupted because of the proximity of air routes to the volcano.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0481-0","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Rybin, A., Chibisova, M., Webley, P., Steensen, T., Izbekov, P., Neal, C.A., and Realmuto, V., 2011, Satellite and ground observations of the June 2009 eruption of Sarychev Peak volcano, Matua Island, Central Kuriles: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 9, p. 1377-1392, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0481-0.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"1377","endPage":"1392","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242939,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, Japan","otherGeospatial":"Kuril Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 145.72265625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n 155.21484375,\n 46.558860303117164\n ],\n [\n 159.697265625,\n 52.3755991766591\n ],\n [\n 154.599609375,\n 52.855864177853974\n ],\n [\n 146.6015625,\n 46.49839225859763\n ],\n [\n 143.173828125,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n 145.72265625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b86cee4b08c986b316133","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rybin, A.","contributorId":83754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rybin","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chibisova, M.","contributorId":39212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chibisova","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450204,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webley, P.","contributorId":96915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webley","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":13097,"text":"Geophysical Institute, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":450209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Steensen, T.","contributorId":108331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steensen","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Izbekov, P.","contributorId":46748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Izbekov","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450205,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825 tneal@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":131135,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina","email":"tneal@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Realmuto, V.","contributorId":50746,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Realmuto","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450206,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035327,"text":"70035327 - 2011 - Plant invasions in mountains: Global lessons for better management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-25T17:51:06.020363","indexId":"70035327","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2790,"text":"Mountain Research and Development","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Plant invasions in mountains: Global lessons for better management","docAbstract":"Mountains are one of few ecosystems little affected by plant invasions. However, the threat of invasion is likely to increase because of climate change, greater anthropogenic land use, and continuing novel introductions. Preventive management, therefore, will be crucial but can be difficult to promote when more pressing problems are unresolved and predictions are uncertain. In this essay, we use management case studies from 7 mountain regions to identify common lessons for effective preventive action. The degree of plant invasion in mountains was variable in the 7 regions as was the response to invasion, which ranged from lack of awareness by land managers of the potential impact in Chile and Kashmir to well-organized programs of prevention and containment in the United States (Hawaii and the Pacific Northwest), including prevention at low altitude. In Australia, awareness of the threat grew only after disruptive invasions. In South Africa, the economic benefits of removing alien plants are well recognized and funded in the form of employment programs. In the European Alps, there is little need for active management because no invasive species pose an immediate threat. From these case studies, we identify lessons for management of plant invasions in mountain ecosystems: (i) prevention is especially important in mountains because of their rugged terrain, where invasions can quickly become unmanageable; (ii) networks at local to global levels can assist with awareness raising and better prioritization of management actions; (iii) the economic importance of management should be identified and articulated; (iv) public acceptance of management programs will make them more effective; and (v) climate change needs to be considered. We suggest that comparisons of local case studies, such as those we have presented, have a pivotal place in the proactive solution of global change issues.
","language":"English","publisher":"BioOne","doi":"10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00082.1","issn":"02764741","usgsCitation":"McDougall, K., Khuroo, A., Loope, L.L., Parks, C., Pauchard, A., Reshi, Z., Rushworth, I., and Kueffer, C., 2011, Plant invasions in mountains: Global lessons for better management: Mountain Research and Development, v. 31, no. 4, p. 380-387, https://doi.org/10.1659/MRD-JOURNAL-D-11-00082.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"380","endPage":"387","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-033032","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475478,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1659/mrd-journal-d-11-00082.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":242938,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7bf7e4b0c8380cd7970b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McDougall, K.L.","contributorId":32366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Khuroo, A.A.","contributorId":60870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Khuroo","given":"A.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loope, Lloyd L.","contributorId":107848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Lloyd","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parks, C.G.","contributorId":12282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pauchard, A.","contributorId":15421,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pauchard","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Reshi, Z.A.","contributorId":33937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reshi","given":"Z.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Rushworth, I.","contributorId":58487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rushworth","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kueffer, C.","contributorId":55660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kueffer","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034093,"text":"70034093 - 2011 - Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-14T10:00:44","indexId":"70034093","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction","docAbstract":"The future distribution of the Joshua tree (Yucca brevifolia) is projected by combining a geostatistical analysis of 20th-century climates over its current range, future modeled climates, and paleoecological data showing its response to a past similar climate change. As climate rapidly warmed ;11 700 years ago, the range of Joshua tree contracted, leaving only the populations near what had been its northernmost limit. Its ability to spread northward into new suitable habitats after this time may have been inhibited by the somewhat earlier extinction of megafaunal dispersers, especially the Shasta ground sloth. We applied a model of climate suitability for Joshua tree, developed from its 20th-century range and climates, to future climates modeled through a set of six individual general circulation models (GCM) and one suite of 22 models for the late 21st century. All distribution data, observed climate data, and future GCM results were scaled to spatial grids of ;1 km and ;4 km in order to facilitate application within this topographically complex region. All of the models project the future elimination of Joshua tree throughout most of the southern portions of its current range. Although estimates of future monthly precipitation differ between the models, these changes are outweighed by large increases in temperature common to all the models. Only a few populations within the current range are predicted to be sustainable. Several models project significant potential future expansion into new areas beyond the current range, but the species' Historical and current rates of dispersal would seem to prevent natural expansion into these new areas. Several areas are predicted to be potential sites for relocation/ assisted migration. This project demonstrates how information from paleoecology and modern ecology can be integrated in order to understand ongoing processes and future distributions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/09-1800.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cole, K.L., Ironside, K., Eischeid, J.K., Garfin, G., Duffy, P., and Toney, C., 2011, Past and ongoing shifts in Joshua tree distribution support future modeled range contraction: Ecological Applications, v. 21, no. 1, p. 137-149, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1800.1.","startPage":"137","endPage":"149","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216754,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1800.1"},{"id":244640,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a757fe4b0c8380cd77ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, Kenneth L.","contributorId":48533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ironside, Kirsten","contributorId":19808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ironside","given":"Kirsten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eischeid, Jon K.","contributorId":70214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eischeid","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Garfin, Gregg","contributorId":97740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garfin","given":"Gregg","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duffy, Phil","contributorId":50756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffy","given":"Phil","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toney, Chris","contributorId":86598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toney","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035325,"text":"70035325 - 2011 - Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T15:28:47","indexId":"70035325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2701,"text":"Mathematical Geosciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference","docAbstract":"The semivariogram and its related function, the covariance, play a central role in classical geostatistics for modeling the average continuity of spatially correlated attributes. Whereas all methods are formulated in terms of the true semivariogram, in practice what can be used are estimated semivariograms and models based on samples. A generalized form of the bootstrap method to properly model spatially correlated data is used to advance knowledge about the reliability of empirical semivariograms and semivariogram models based on a single sample. Among several methods available to generate spatially correlated resamples, we selected a method based on the LU decomposition and used several examples to illustrate the approach. The first one is a synthetic, isotropic, exhaustive sample following a normal distribution, the second example is also a synthetic but following a non-Gaussian random field, and a third empirical sample consists of actual raingauge measurements. Results show wider confidence intervals than those found previously by others with inadequate application of the bootstrap. Also, even for the Gaussian example, distributions for estimated semivariogram values and model parameters are positively skewed. In this sense, bootstrap percentile confidence intervals, which are not centered around the empirical semivariogram and do not require distributional assumptions for its construction, provide an achieved coverage similar to the nominal coverage. The latter cannot be achieved by symmetrical confidence intervals based on the standard error, regardless if the standard error is estimated from a parametric equation or from bootstrap.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6","issn":"18748961","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., and Pardo-Iguzquiza, E., 2011, Generalized bootstrap method for assessment of uncertainty in semivariogram inference: Mathematical Geosciences, v. 43, no. 2, p. 203-228, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"228","ipdsId":"IP-013963","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215127,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11004-010-9269-6"}],"volume":"43","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1515e4b0c8380cd54cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":26436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":450190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pardo-Iguzquiza, E.","contributorId":34345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pardo-Iguzquiza","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70035242,"text":"70035242 - 2011 - Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-13T21:49:49","indexId":"70035242","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer","docAbstract":"We report on a broad and unprecedented increase in seismicity rate following the M=9.0 Tohoku mainshock for M ≥ 2 earthquakes over inland Japan, parts of the Japan Sea and Izu islands, at distances of up to 425 km from the locus of high (≥15 m) seismic slip on the megathrust. Such an increase was not seen for the 2004 M=9.1 Sumatra or 2010 M=8.8 Chile earthquakes, but they lacked the seismic networks necessary to detect such small events. Here we explore the possibility that the rate changes are the product of static Coulomb stress transfer to small faults. We use the nodal planes of M ≥ 3.5 earthquakes as proxies for such small active faults, and find that of fifteen regions averaging ~80 by 80 km in size, 11 show a positive association between calculated stress changes and the observed seismicity rate change, 3 show a negative correlation, and for one the changes are too small to assess. This work demonstrates that seismicity can turn on in the nominal stress shadow of a mainshock as long as small geometrically diverse active faults exist there, which is likely quite common.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2011GL047834","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., Stein, R., and Lin, J., 2011, Widespread seismicity excitation throughout central Japan following the 2011 M=9.0 Tohoku earthquake and its interpretation by Coulomb stress transfer: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 38, no. 15, 5 p.; L00G03, https://doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047834.","productDescription":"5 p.; L00G03","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475060,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2011gl047834","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215305,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2011GL047834"},{"id":243100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Japan","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 122.9,24.0 ], [ 122.9,45.5 ], [ 154.0,45.5 ], [ 154.0,24.0 ], [ 122.9,24.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"38","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0b9e4b08c986b32f013","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, S.","contributorId":102228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, R.S.","contributorId":8875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lin, J.","contributorId":33065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035028,"text":"70035028 - 2011 - Enhanced transpiration by riparian buffer trees in response to advection in a humid temperate agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T20:51:06.535692","indexId":"70035028","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Enhanced transpiration by riparian buffer trees in response to advection in a humid temperate agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"Riparian buffers are designed as management practices to increase infiltration and reduce surface runoff and transport of sediment and nonpoint source pollutants from crop fields to adjacent streams. Achieving these ecosystem service goals depends, in part, on their ability to remove water from the soil via transpiration. In these systems, edges between crop fields and trees of the buffer systems can create advection processes, which could influence water use by trees. We conducted a field study in a riparian buffer system established in 1994 under a humid temperate climate, located in the Corn Belt region of the Midwestern U.S. (Iowa). The goals were to estimate stand level transpiration by the riparian buffer, quantify the controls on water use by the buffer system, and determine to what extent advective energy and tree position within the buffer system influence individual tree transpiration rates. We primarily focused on the water use response (determined with the Heat Ratio Method) of one of the dominant species (Acer saccharinum) and a subdominant (Juglans nigra). A few individuals of three additional species (Quercus bicolor, Betula nigra, Platanus occidentalis) were monitored over a shorter time period to assess the generality of responses. Meteorological stations were installed along a transect across the riparian buffer to determine the microclimate conditions. The differences found among individuals were attributed to differences in species sap velocities and sapwood depths, location relative to the forest edge and prevailing winds and canopy exposure and dominance. Sapflow rates for A. saccharinum trees growing at the SE edge (prevailing winds) were 39% greater than SE interior trees and 30% and 69% greater than NW interior and edge trees, respectively. No transpiration enhancement due to edge effect was detected in the subdominant J. nigra. The results were interpreted as indicative of advection effects from the surrounding crops. Further, significant differences were document in sapflow rates between the five study species, suggesting that selection of species is important for enhancing specific riparian buffer functions. However, more information is needed on water use patterns among diverse species growing under different climatic and biophysical conditions to assist policy and management decisions regarding effective buffer design.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.027","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Hernandez-Santana, V., Asbjornsen, H., Sauer, T., Isenhart, T., Schilling, K., and Schultz, R., 2011, Enhanced transpiration by riparian buffer trees in response to advection in a humid temperate agricultural landscape: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 261, no. 8, p. 1415-1427, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.027.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1415","endPage":"1427","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475519,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://lib.dr.iastate.edu/nrem_pubs/176","text":"External Repository"},{"id":242886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215111,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2011.01.027"}],"volume":"261","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0970e4b0c8380cd51ef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hernandez-Santana, V.","contributorId":90126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hernandez-Santana","given":"V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Asbjornsen, H.","contributorId":86968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Asbjornsen","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sauer, T.","contributorId":43998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Isenhart, T.","contributorId":27691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Isenhart","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schilling, K.","contributorId":101423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Schultz, Ronald","contributorId":13815,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schultz","given":"Ronald","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035025,"text":"70035025 - 2011 - Multimodel inference and adaptive management","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-12T12:07:22","indexId":"70035025","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multimodel inference and adaptive management","docAbstract":"Ecology is an inherently complex science coping with correlated variables, nonlinear interactions and multiple scales of pattern and process, making it difficult for experiments to result in clear, strong inference. Natural resource managers, policy makers, and stakeholders rely on science to provide timely and accurate management recommendations. However, the time necessary to untangle the complexities of interactions within ecosystems is often far greater than the time available to make management decisions. One method of coping with this problem is multimodel inference. Multimodel inference assesses uncertainty by calculating likelihoods among multiple competing hypotheses, but multimodel inference results are often equivocal. Despite this, there may be pressure for ecologists to provide management recommendations regardless of the strength of their study’s inference. We reviewed papers in the Journal of Wildlife Management (JWM) and the journal Conservation Biology (CB) to quantify the prevalence of multimodel inference approaches, the resulting inference (weak versus strong), and how authors dealt with the uncertainty. Thirty-eight percent and 14%, respectively, of articles in the JWM and CB used multimodel inference approaches. Strong inference was rarely observed, with only 7% of JWM and 20% of CB articles resulting in strong inference. We found the majority of weak inference papers in both journals (59%) gave specific management recommendations. Model selection uncertainty was ignored in most recommendations for management. We suggest that adaptive management is an ideal method to resolve uncertainty when research results in weak inference.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.012","issn":"03014797","usgsCitation":"Rehme, S., Powell, L., and Allen, C.R., 2011, Multimodel inference and adaptive management: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 92, no. 5, p. 1360-1364, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.012.","startPage":"1360","endPage":"1364","numberOfPages":"5","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-021299","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215535,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2010.10.012"},{"id":243346,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6031e4b0c8380cd71363","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rehme, S.E.","contributorId":9890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rehme","given":"S.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Powell, L.A.","contributorId":51262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allen, Craig R. 0000-0001-8655-8272 allencr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8655-8272","contributorId":1979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"allencr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035020,"text":"70035020 - 2011 - Balancing energy development and conservation: A method utilizing species distribution models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T21:18:32.310832","indexId":"70035020","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1547,"text":"Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Balancing energy development and conservation: A method utilizing species distribution models","docAbstract":"Alternative energy development is increasing, potentially leading to negative impacts on wildlife populations already stressed by other factors. Resource managers require a scientifically based methodology to balance energy development and species conservation, so we investigated modeling habitat suitability using Maximum Entropy to develop maps that could be used with other information to help site energy developments. We selected one species of concern, the Lesser Prairie-Chicken (LPCH; Tympanuchus pallidicinctus) found on the southern Great Plains of North America, as our case study. LPCH populations have been declining and are potentially further impacted by energy development. We used LPCH lek locations in the state of Kansas along with several environmental and anthropogenic parameters to develop models that predict the probability of lek occurrence across the landscape. The models all performed well as indicated by the high test area under the curve (AUC) scores (all >0.9). The inclusion of anthropogenic parameters in models resulted in slightly better performance based on AUC values, indicating that anthropogenic features may impact LPCH lek habitat suitability. Given the positive model results, this methodology may provide additional guidance in designing future survey protocols, as well as siting of energy development in areas of marginal or unsuitable habitat for species of concern. This technique could help to standardize and quantify the impacts various developments have upon at-risk species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00267-011-9651-2","issn":"0364152X","usgsCitation":"Jarnevich, C.S., and Laubhan, M., 2011, Balancing energy development and conservation: A method utilizing species distribution models: Environmental Management, v. 47, no. 5, p. 926-936, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9651-2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"926","endPage":"936","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215475,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00267-011-9651-2"}],"volume":"47","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059efa9e4b0c8380cd4a3ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jarnevich, Catherine S. 0000-0002-9699-2336 jarnevichc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9699-2336","contributorId":3424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"Catherine","email":"jarnevichc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":448911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laubhan, M.K.","contributorId":40542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laubhan","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":448910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034846,"text":"70034846 - 2011 - Stationarity: Wanted dead or alive?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T20:24:42.329471","indexId":"70034846","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stationarity: Wanted dead or alive?","docAbstract":"Aligning engineering practice with natural process behavior would appear, on its face, to be a prudent and reasonable course of action. However, if we do not understand the long‐term characteristics of hydroclimatic processes, how does one find the prudent and reasonable course needed for water management? We consider this question in light of three aspects of existing and unresolved issues affecting hydroclimatic variability and statistical inference: Hurst‐Kolmogorov phenomena; the complications long‐term persistence introduces with respect to statistical understanding; and the dependence of process understanding on arbitrary sampling choices. These problems are not easily addressed. In such circumstances, humility may be more important than physics; a simple model with well‐understood flaws may be preferable to a sophisticated model whose correspondence to reality is uncertain.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x","issn":"1093474X","usgsCitation":"Lins, H.F., and Cohn, T., 2011, Stationarity: Wanted dead or alive?: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 47, no. 3, p. 475-480, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"475","endPage":"480","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215612,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.2011.00542.x"}],"volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b96fde4b08c986b31b806","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lins, Harry F. 0000-0001-5385-9247 hlins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5385-9247","contributorId":1505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lins","given":"Harry","email":"hlins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cohn, Timothy A. tacohn@usgs.gov","contributorId":2927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohn","given":"Timothy A.","email":"tacohn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70033821,"text":"70033821 - 2011 - Description of an elasmobranch TCR coreceptor: CD8α from Rhinobatos productus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-04-23T14:05:02","indexId":"70033821","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1383,"text":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Description of an elasmobranch TCR coreceptor: CD8α from Rhinobatos productus","docAbstract":"Cell-mediated immunity plays an essential role for the control and eradication of intracellular pathogens. To learn more about the evolutionary origins of the first signal (Signal 1) for T-cell activation, we cloned CD8α from an elasmobranch, Rhinobatos productus. Similar to full-length CD8α cDNAs from other vertebrates, Rhpr-CD8α (1800 bp) encodes a 219 amino acid open reading frame composed of a signal peptide, an extracellular IgSF V domain and a stalk/hinge region followed by a well-conserved transmembrane domain and cytoplasmic tail. Overall, the mature Rhpr-CD8α protein (201 aa) displays ~30% amino acid identity with mammalian CD8α including absolute conservation of cysteine residues involved in the IgSf V domain fold and dimerization of CD8αα and CD8αβ. One prominent feature is the absence of the LCK association motif (CXC) that is needed for achieving signal 1 in tetrapods. Both elasmobranch and teleost CD8α protein sequences possess a similar but distinctly different motif (CXH) in the cytoplasmic tail. The overall genomic structure of CD8α has been conserved during the course of vertebrate evolution both for the number of exons and phase of splicing. Finally, quantitative RTPCR demonstrated that elasmobranch CD8α is expressed in lymphoid-rich tissues similar to CD8 in other vertebrates. The results from this study indicate the existence of CD8 prior to the emergence of the gnathostomes (>450 MYA) while providing evidence that the canonical LCK association motif in mammals is likely a derived characteristic of tetrapod CD8α, suggesting potential differences for T-cell education and activation in the various gnathostomes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Developmental and Comparative Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.014","issn":"0145305X","usgsCitation":"Hansen, J., Farrugia, T., Woodson, J., and Laing, K., 2011, Description of an elasmobranch TCR coreceptor: CD8α from Rhinobatos productus: Developmental and Comparative Immunology, v. 35, no. 4, p. 452-460, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.014.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"452","endPage":"460","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":214179,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.dci.2010.11.014"},{"id":241873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"35","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fef4e4b0c8380cd4efce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, J.D.","contributorId":107880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Farrugia, T.J.","contributorId":9474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farrugia","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Woodson, J.","contributorId":94510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laing, K.J.","contributorId":17037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laing","given":"K.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442699,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034843,"text":"70034843 - 2011 - Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-10T20:58:34.18535","indexId":"70034843","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":955,"text":"BMC Evolutionary Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents","docAbstract":"Deep-sea hydrothermal vent animals occupy patchy and ephemeral habitats supported by chemosynthetic primary production. Volcanic and tectonic activities controlling the turnover of these habitats contribute to demographic instability that erodes genetic variation within and among colonies of these animals. We examined DNA sequences from one mitochondrial and three nuclear gene loci to assess genetic diversity in the siboglinid tubeworm, Riftia pachyptila, a widely distributed constituent of vents along the East Pacific Rise and Galápagos Rift.
Genetic differentiation (F ST ) among populations increased with geographical distances, as expected under a linear stepping-stone model of dispersal. Low levels of DNA sequence diversity occurred at all four loci, allowing us to exclude the hypothesis that an idiosyncratic selective sweep eliminated mitochondrial diversity alone. Total gene diversity declined with tectonic spreading rates. The southernmost populations, which are subjected to superfast spreading rates and high probabilities of extinction, are relatively homogenous genetically.
Compared to other vent species, DNA sequence diversity is extremely low in R. pachyptila. Though its dispersal abilities appear to be effective, the low diversity, particularly in southern hemisphere populations, is consistent with frequent local extinction and (re)colonization events
","language":"English","publisher":"BioMed Central","doi":"10.1186/1471-2148-11-96","issn":"14712148","usgsCitation":"Coykendall, D., Johnson, S., Karl, S., Lutz, R., and Vrijenhoek, R., 2011, Genetic diversity and demographic instability in Riftia pachyptila tubeworms from eastern Pacific hydrothermal vents: BMC Evolutionary Biology, v. 11, no. 1, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-96.","productDescription":"11 p.","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475067,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-96","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216024,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/1471-2148-11-96"}],"otherGeospatial":"Eastern Pacific Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ],\n [\n -109.6875,\n 21.94304553343818\n ],\n [\n -109.3359375,\n 11.523087506868514\n ],\n [\n -103.71093749999999,\n -46.55886030311717\n ],\n [\n -86.1328125,\n -47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -92.46093749999999,\n 0\n ],\n [\n -98.4375,\n 13.581920900545844\n ],\n [\n -111.09374999999999,\n 28.92163128242129\n ],\n [\n -112.8515625,\n 27.68352808378776\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1572e4b0c8380cd54dfe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coykendall, Dolly","contributorId":215163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coykendall","given":"Dolly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, S.B.","contributorId":80894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, S.A.","contributorId":6281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lutz, R.A.","contributorId":30388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lutz","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vrijenhoek, R.C.","contributorId":68132,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrijenhoek","given":"R.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034760,"text":"70034760 - 2011 - Sequence stratigraphy and a revised sea-level curve for the Middle Devonian of eastern North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T12:02:56.254942","indexId":"70034760","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sequence stratigraphy and a revised sea-level curve for the Middle Devonian of eastern North America","docAbstract":"The well-exposed Middle Devonian rocks of the Appalachian foreland basin (Onondaga Formation; Hamilton Group, Tully Formation, and the Genesee Group of New York State) preserve one of the most detailed records of high-order sea-level oscillation cycles for this time period in the world. Detailed examination of coeval units in distal areas of the Appalachian Basin, as well as portions of the Michigan and Illinois basins, has revealed that the pattern of high-order sea-level oscillations documented in the New York–Pennsylvania section can be positively identified in all areas of eastern North America where coeval units are preserved. The persistence of the pattern of high-order sea-level cycles across such a wide geographic area suggests that these cycles are allocyclic in nature with primary control on deposition being eustatic sea-level oscillation, as opposed to autocylic controls, such as sediment supply, which would be more local in their manifestation. There is strong evidence from studies of cyclicity and spectral analysis that these cycles are also related to Milankovitch orbital variations, with the short and long-term eccentricity cycles (100 kyr and 405 kyr) being the dominant oscillations in many settings. Relative sea-level oscillations of tens of meters are likely and raise considerable issues about the driving mechanism, given that the Middle Devonian appears to record a greenhouse phase of Phanerozoic history. These new correlations lend strong support to a revised high-resolution sea-level oscillation curve for the Middle Devonian for the eastern portion of North America. Recognized third-order sequences are: Eif-1 lower Onondaga Formation, Eif-2: upper Onondaga and Union Springs formations; Eif–Giv: Oatka Creek Formation; Giv-1: Skaneateles, Giv-2: Ludlowville, Giv-3: lower Moscow, Giv-4: upper Moscow–lower Tully, and Giv-5: middle Tully–Geneseo formations. Thus, in contrast with the widely cited eustatic curve of Johnson et al. (1985), which recognizes just one major transgressive–regressive (T–R) cycle in the early–mid Givetian (If) prior to the major late Givetian Taghanic unconformity (IIa, upper Tully–Geneseo Shale), we recognize four T–R cycles: If (restricted), Ig, Ih, and Ii. We surmise that third-order sequences record eustatic sea-level fluctuations of tens of meters with periodicities of 0.8–2 myr, while their medial-scale (fourth-order) subdivisions record lesser variations primarily of 405 kyr duration (long-term eccentricity). This high-resolution record of sea-level change provides strong evidence for high-order eustatic cycles with probable Milankovitch periodicities, despite the fact that no direct evidence for Middle Devonian glacial sediments has been found to date.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.009","issn":"00310182","usgsCitation":"Brett, C.E., Baird, G., Bartholomew, A., DeSantis, M., and Ver Straeten, C.A., 2011, Sequence stratigraphy and a revised sea-level curve for the Middle Devonian of eastern North America: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 304, no. 1-2, p. 21-53, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2010.10.009.","productDescription":"33 p.","startPage":"21","endPage":"53","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243487,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States, Canada","state":"Wisconsin, Illinois, Michigan, Indiana, Kentucky, Tennessee, Ohio, Pennsylvania, New York","otherGeospatial":"Eastern North America","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 45.89000815866184\n ],\n [\n -90.791015625,\n 43.197167282501276\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 42.48830197960227\n ],\n [\n -90.439453125,\n 41.04621681452063\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 40.17887331434696\n ],\n [\n -89.82421875,\n 38.272688535980976\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -84.287109375,\n 35.24561909420681\n ],\n [\n -82.880859375,\n 36.31512514748051\n ],\n [\n -83.75976562499999,\n 37.020098201368114\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -81.298828125,\n 40.04443758460856\n ],\n [\n -75.673828125,\n 39.977120098439634\n ],\n [\n -75.322265625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -73.212890625,\n 42.293564192170095\n ],\n [\n -73.30078125,\n 44.77793589631623\n ],\n [\n -74.8828125,\n 44.84029065139799\n ],\n [\n -79.541015625,\n 44.902577996288876\n ],\n [\n -82.705078125,\n 45.706179285330855\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -86.923828125,\n 44.96479793033101\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 45.336701909968134\n ],\n [\n -90.615234375,\n 46.619261036171515\n ],\n [\n -91.7578125,\n 46.73986059969267\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 45.89000815866184\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"304","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d4ce4b08c986b31832d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brett, Carlton E.","contributorId":85774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brett","given":"Carlton","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baird, G.C.","contributorId":59631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baird","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartholomew, A.J.","contributorId":18198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholomew","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeSantis, M.K.","contributorId":28824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeSantis","given":"M.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ver Straeten, C. A.","contributorId":53984,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ver Straeten","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70034680,"text":"70034680 - 2011 - Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T20:08:40.437726","indexId":"70034680","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape","docAbstract":"Effective monitoring programs are designed to track changes in the distribution, occurrence, and abundance of species. We developed an extension of Royle and Kéry's (2007) single species model to estimate simultaneously temporal changes in probabilities of detection, occupancy, colonization, extinction, and species turnover using data on calling anuran amphibians, collected from 2002 to 2006 in the Lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley of Louisiana, USA. During our 5‐year study, estimates of occurrence probabilities declined for all 12 species detected. These declines occurred primarily in conjunction with variation in estimates of local extinction probabilities (cajun chorus frog [Pseudacris fouquettei], spring peeper [P. crucifer], northern cricket frog [Acris crepitans], Cope's gray treefrog [Hyla chrysoscelis], green treefrog [H. cinerea], squirrel treefrog [H. squirella], southern leopard frog [Lithobates sphenocephalus], bronze frog [L. clamitans], American bullfrog [L. catesbeianus], and Fowler's toad [Anaxyrus fowleri]). For 2 species (eastern narrow‐mouthed toad [Gastrophryne carolinensis] and Gulf Coast toad [Incilius nebulifer]), declines in occupancy appeared to be a consequence of both increased local extinction and decreased colonization events. The eastern narrow‐mouthed toad experienced a 2.5‐fold increase in estimates of occupancy in 2004, possibly because of the high amount of rainfall received during that year, along with a decrease in extinction and increase in colonization of new sites between 2003 and 2004. Our model can be incorporated into monitoring programs to estimate simultaneously the occupancy dynamics for multiple species that show similar responses to ecological conditions. It will likely be an important asset for those monitoring programs that employ the same methods to sample assemblages of ecologically similar species, including those that are rare. By combining information from multiple species to decrease the variance on estimates of individual species, our results are advantageous compared to single‐species models. This feature enables managers and researchers to use an entire community, rather than just one species, as an ecological indicator in monitoring programs.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.98","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Miller, M., Pearlstine, E., Dorazio, R., and Mazzotti, F., 2011, Occupancy and abundance of wintering birds in a dynamic agricultural landscape: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 75, no. 4, p. 751-761, https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.98.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"751","endPage":"761","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215924,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.97"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6b17e4b0c8380cd744f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, M.W.","contributorId":57012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"M.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearlstine, E.V.","contributorId":15857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearlstine","given":"E.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dorazio, Robert 0000-0003-2663-0468 bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2663-0468","contributorId":172151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dorazio","given":"Robert","email":"bob_dorazio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5051,"text":"FLWSC-Orlando","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mazzotti, F.J.","contributorId":10136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazzotti","given":"F.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034679,"text":"70034679 - 2011 - Semi-quantitative evaluation of fecal contamination potential by human and ruminant sources using multiple lines of evidence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-13T20:23:18.698557","indexId":"70034679","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3716,"text":"Water Research","onlineIssn":"1879-2448","printIssn":"0043-1354","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Semi-quantitative evaluation of fecal contamination potential by human and ruminant sources using multiple lines of evidence","docAbstract":"Protocols for microbial source tracking of fecal contamination generally are able to identify when a source of contamination is present, but thus far have been unable to evaluate what portion of fecal-indicator bacteria (FIB) came from various sources. A mathematical approach to estimate relative amounts of FIB, such as Escherichia coli, from various sources based on the concentration and distribution of microbial source tracking markers in feces was developed. The approach was tested using dilute fecal suspensions, then applied as part of an analytical suite to a contaminated headwater stream in the Rocky Mountains (Upper Fountain Creek, Colorado). In one single-source fecal suspension, a source that was not present could not be excluded because of incomplete marker specificity; however, human and ruminant sources were detected whenever they were present. In the mixed-feces suspension (pet and human), the minority contributor (human) was detected at a concentration low enough to preclude human contamination as the dominant source of E. coli to the sample. Without the semi-quantitative approach described, simple detects of human-associated marker in stream samples would have provided inaccurate evidence that human contamination was a major source of E. coli to the stream. In samples from Upper Fountain Creek the pattern of E. coli, general and host-associated microbial source tracking markers, nutrients, and wastewater-associated chemical detections—augmented with local observations and land-use patterns—indicated that, contrary to expectations, birds rather than humans or ruminants were the predominant source of fecal contamination to Upper Fountain Creek. This new approach to E. coli allocation, validated by a controlled study and tested by application in a relatively simple setting, represents a widely applicable step forward in the field of microbial source tracking of fecal contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.037","issn":"00431354","usgsCitation":"Stoeckel, D.M., Stelzer, E.A., Stogner, and Mau, D.P., 2011, Semi-quantitative evaluation of fecal contamination potential by human and ruminant sources using multiple lines of evidence: Water Research, v. 45, no. 10, p. 3225-3244, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.037.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"3225","endPage":"3244","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243731,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215896,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.watres.2011.03.037"}],"volume":"45","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d07e4b08c986b318231","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stoeckel, D. M.","contributorId":84855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoeckel","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stelzer, Erin A. 0000-0001-7645-7603 eastelzer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7645-7603","contributorId":1933,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stelzer","given":"Erin","email":"eastelzer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":447011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stogner 0000-0002-3185-1452 rstogner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3185-1452","contributorId":938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stogner","email":"rstogner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":447013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mau, David P. dpmau@usgs.gov","contributorId":457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mau","given":"David","email":"dpmau@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":447010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034676,"text":"70034676 - 2011 - Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034676","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths","docAbstract":"Comparative phylogeographic studies have had mixed success in identifying common phylogeographic patterns among co-distributed organisms. Whereas some have found broadly similar patterns across a diverse array of taxa, others have found that the histories of different species are more idiosyncratic than congruent. The variation in the results of comparative phylogeographic studies could indicate that the extent to which sympatrically-distributed organisms share common biogeographic histories varies depending on the strength and specificity of ecological interactions between them. To test this hypothesis, we examined demographic and phylogeographic patterns in a highly specialized, coevolved community - Joshua trees (Yucca brevifolia) and their associated yucca moths. This tightly-integrated, mutually interdependent community is known to have experienced significant range changes at the end of the last glacial period, so there is a strong a priori expectation that these organisms will show common signatures of demographic and distributional changes over time. Using a database of >5000 GPS records for Joshua trees, and multi-locus DNA sequence data from the Joshua tree and four species of yucca moth, we combined paleaodistribution modeling with coalescent-based analyses of demographic and phylgeographic history. We extensively evaluated the power of our methods to infer past population size and distributional changes by evaluating the effect of different inference procedures on our results, comparing our palaeodistribution models to Pleistocene-aged packrat midden records, and simulating DNA sequence data under a variety of alternative demographic histories. Together the results indicate that these organisms have shared a common history of population expansion, and that these expansions were broadly coincident in time. However, contrary to our expectations, none of our analyses indicated significant range or population size reductions at the end of the last glacial period, and the inferred demographic changes substantially predate Holocene climate changes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0025628","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"Smith, C., Tank, S., Godsoe, W., Levenick, J., Strand, E., Esque, T., and Pellmyr, O., 2011, Comparative phylogeography of a coevolved community: Concerted population expansions in Joshua trees and four Yucca moths: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475189,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215866,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025628"},{"id":243698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f822e4b0c8380cd4ced7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C.I.","contributorId":41670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tank, S.","contributorId":84179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tank","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Godsoe, W.","contributorId":7106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Godsoe","given":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446997,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Levenick, J.","contributorId":59265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Levenick","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Strand, Espen","contributorId":91280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strand","given":"Espen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Esque, T.","contributorId":19893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pellmyr, O.","contributorId":98970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pellmyr","given":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":447003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70034673,"text":"70034673 - 2011 - Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:46:48.294146","indexId":"70034673","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm","docAbstract":"Conventional surface wave inversion for shallow shear (S)-wave velocity relies on the generation of dispersion curves of Rayleigh waves. This constrains the method to only laterally homogeneous (or very smooth laterally heterogeneous) earth models. Waveform inversion directly fits waveforms on seismograms, hence, does not have such a limitation. Waveforms of Rayleigh waves are highly related to S-wave velocities. By inverting the waveforms of Rayleigh waves on a near-surface seismogram, shallow S-wave velocities can be estimated for earth models with strong lateral heterogeneity. We employ genetic algorithm (GA) to perform waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for S-wave velocities. The forward problem is solved by finite-difference modeling in the time domain. The model space is updated by generating offspring models using GA. Final solutions can be found through an iterative waveform-fitting scheme. Inversions based on synthetic records show that the S-wave velocities can be recovered successfully with errors no more than 10% for several typical near-surface earth models. For layered earth models, the proposed method can generate one-dimensional S-wave velocity profiles without the knowledge of initial models. For earth models containing lateral heterogeneity in which case conventional dispersion-curve-based inversion methods are challenging, it is feasible to produce high-resolution S-wave velocity sections by GA waveform inversion with appropriate priori information. The synthetic tests indicate that the GA waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves has the great potential for shallow S-wave velocity imaging with the existence of strong lateral heterogeneity.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.09.028","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Zeng, C., Xia, J., Miller, R., and Tsoflias, G., 2011, Feasibility of waveform inversion of Rayleigh waves for shallow shear-wave velocity using a genetic algorithm: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 75, no. 4, p. 648-655, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.09.028.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"655","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"75","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0f3fe4b0c8380cd5382f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zeng, C.","contributorId":94519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zeng","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xia, J.","contributorId":63513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xia","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, R. D.","contributorId":92693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tsoflias, G.P.","contributorId":31225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tsoflias","given":"G.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034672,"text":"70034672 - 2011 - Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-14T11:50:07.497015","indexId":"70034672","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1478,"text":"Ecosystems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity","docAbstract":"Climate change is altering long-term climatic conditions and increasing the magnitude of weather fluctuations. Assessing the consequences of these changes for terrestrial ecosystems requires understanding how different vegetation types respond to climate and weather. This study examined 20 years of regional-scale remotely sensed net primary productivity (NPP) in forests of the northern Lake States to identify how the relationship between NPP and climate or weather differ among forest types, and if NPP patterns are influenced by landscape-scale evenness of forest-type abundance. These results underscore the positive relationship between temperature and NPP. Importantly, these results indicate significant differences among broadly defined forest types in response to both climate and weather. Essentially all weather variables that were strongly related to annual NPP displayed significant differences among forest types, suggesting complementarity in response to environmental fluctuations. In addition, this study found that forest-type evenness (within 8 × 8 km2 areas) is positively related to long-term NPP mean and negatively related to NPP variability, suggesting that NPP in pixels with greater forest-type evenness is both higher and more stable through time. This is landscape- to subcontinental-scale evidence of a relationship between primary productivity and one measure of biological diversity. These results imply that anthropogenic or natural processes that influence the proportional abundance of forest types within landscapes may influence long-term productivity patterns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8","issn":"14329840","usgsCitation":"Bradford, J., 2011, Divergence in forest-type response to climate and weather: Evidence for regional links between forest-type evenness and net primary productivity: Ecosystems, v. 14, no. 6, p. 975-986, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8.","productDescription":"12 p","startPage":"975","endPage":"986","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":385072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10021-011-9460-8"}],"volume":"14","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0348e4b0c8380cd503e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradford, J.B.","contributorId":62036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradford","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034632,"text":"70034632 - 2011 - A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T15:10:35","indexId":"70034632","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees","docAbstract":"Honest advertisement models posit that only individuals in good health can produce and/or maintain ornamental traits. Even though disease has profound effects on condition, few studies have experimentally tested its effects on trait expression and even fewer have identified a mechanistic basis for these effects. Recent evidence suggests that black and white, but not grey, plumage colors of black-capped chickadees (Poecile atricapillus) are sexually selected. We therefore hypothesized that birds afflicted with avian keratin disorder, a condition that affects the beak and other keratinized tissues, would show reduced expression of black and white, but not grey, color. UV-vis spectrometry of black-capped chickadees affected and unaffected by avian keratin disorder revealed spectral differences between them consistent with this hypothesis. To elucidate the mechanistic bases of these differences, we used scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy (EDX) and a feather cleaning experiment. SEM showed extreme feather soiling in affected birds, and EDX revealed that this was most likely from external sources. Experimentally cleaning the feathers increased color expression of ornamental feathers of affected, but not unaffected, birds. These data provide strong evidence that black and white color is an honest indicator in chickadees, and that variation in feather dirtiness, likely due to differences in preening behavior is a mechanism for this association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"PLoS ONE","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0025877","issn":"19326203","usgsCitation":"D'Alba, L., Van Hemert, C.R., Handel, C.M., and Shawkey, M., 2011, A natural experiment on the condition-dependence of achromatic plumage reflectance in black-capped chickadees: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 10, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475404,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":243513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215692,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0025877"}],"volume":"6","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e494e4b0c8380cd4673b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"D'Alba, L.","contributorId":9079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"D'Alba","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Hemert, Caroline R. 0000-0002-6858-7165 cvanhemert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6858-7165","contributorId":3592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Hemert","given":"Caroline","email":"cvanhemert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446772,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shawkey, M.D.","contributorId":97731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shawkey","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034538,"text":"70034538 - 2011 - 40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): Toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic activity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-26T19:21:48","indexId":"70034538","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): Toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic activity","docAbstract":"The Campi Flegrei hosts numerous monogenetic vents inferred to be younger than the 15 ka Neapolitan Yellow Tuff. Sanidine crystals from the three young Campi Flegrei vents of Fondi di Baia, Bacoli and Nisida were dated using 40Ar/39Ar geochronology. These vents, together with several other young edifices, occur roughly along the inner border of the Campi Flegrei caldera, suggesting that the volcanic conduits are controlled by caldera-bounding faults. Plateau ages of ∼9.6 ka (Fondi di Baia), ∼8.6 ka (Bacoli) and ∼3.9 ka (Nisida) indicate eruptive activity during intervals previously interpreted as quiescent. A critical revision, involving calendar age correction of literature 14C data and available 40Ar/39Ar age data, is presented. A new reference chronostratigraphic framework for Holocene Phlegrean activity, which significantly differs from the previously adopted ones, is proposed. This has important implications for understanding the Campi Flegrei eruptive history and, ultimately, for the evaluation of related volcanic risk and hazard, for which the inferred history of its recent activity is generally taken into account.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer International","doi":"10.1007/s00445-011-0478-8","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Fedele, L., Insinga, D., Calvert, A., Morra, V., Perrotta, A., and Scarpati, C., 2011, 40Ar/39Ar dating of tuff vents in the Campi Flegrei caldera (southern Italy): Toward a new chronostratigraphic reconstruction of the Holocene volcanic activity: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 9, p. 1323-1336, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-011-0478-8.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1323","endPage":"1336","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":243536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 14.11245346069336,\n 40.800166251701846\n ],\n [\n 14.11245346069336,\n 40.83667117059108\n ],\n [\n 14.168758392333984,\n 40.83667117059108\n ],\n [\n 14.168758392333984,\n 40.800166251701846\n ],\n [\n 14.11245346069336,\n 40.800166251701846\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c1682de4b0f2f0ceb9075c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fedele, L.","contributorId":89022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fedele","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Insinga, D.D.","contributorId":24645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Insinga","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calvert, A.T.","contributorId":49969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calvert","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morra, V.","contributorId":101887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morra","given":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Perrotta, A.","contributorId":40430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perrotta","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scarpati, C.","contributorId":34726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scarpati","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}