The Greater Natural Buttes tight natural gas field is an unconventional (continuous) accumulation in the Uinta Basin, Utah, that began production in the early 1950s from the Upper Cretaceous Mesaverde Group. Three years later, production was extended to the Eocene Wasatch Formation. With the exclusion of 1100 non-productive (“dry”) wells, we estimate that the final recovery from the 2500 producing wells existing in 2007 will be about 1.7 trillion standard cubic feet (TSCF) (48.2 billion cubic meters (BCM)). The use of estimated ultimate recovery (EUR) per well is common in assessments of unconventional resources, and it is one of the main sources of information to forecast undiscovered resources. Each calculated recovery value has an associated drainage area that generally varies from well to well and that can be mathematically subdivided into elemental subareas of constant size and shape called cells. Recovery per 5-acre cells at Greater Natural Buttes shows spatial correlation; hence, statistical approaches that ignore this correlation when inferring EUR values for untested cells do not take full advantage of all the information contained in the data. More critically, resulting models do not match the style of spatial EUR fluctuations observed in nature. This study takes a new approach by applying spatial statistics to model geographical variation of cell EUR taking into account spatial correlation and the influence of fractures. We applied sequential indicator simulation to model non-productive cells, while spatial mapping of cell EUR was obtained by applying sequential Gaussian simulation to provide multiple versions of reality (realizations) having equal chances of being the correct model. For each realization, summation of EUR in cells not drained by the existing wells allowed preparation of a stochastic prediction of undiscovered resources, which range between 2.6 and 3.4 TSCF (73.6 and 96.3 BCM) with a mean of 2.9 TSCF (82.1 BCM) for Greater Natural Buttes. A second approach illustrates the application of multiple-point simulation to assess a hypothetical frontier area for which there is no production information but which is regarded as being similar to Greater Natural Buttes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11053-010-9127-8","usgsCitation":"Olea, R., Cook, T.A., and Coleman, J., 2010, A methodology for the assessment of unconventional (continuous) resources with an application to the Greater Natural Buttes gas field, Utah: Natural Resources Research, v. 19, no. 4, p. 237-251, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11053-010-9127-8.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"251","ipdsId":"IP-017861","costCenters":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357661,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Greater Natural Buttes Gas Field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 39.68182601089365\n ],\n [\n -109.0447998046875,\n 40.24179856487036\n ],\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 40.24179856487036\n ],\n [\n -110.08850097656249,\n 39.68182601089365\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c0108d9e4b0815414cc2e0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olea, Ricardo A. 0000-0003-4308-0808","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4308-0808","contributorId":47873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olea","given":"Ricardo A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":745927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cook, Troy A.","contributorId":52519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Troy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coleman, James L.","contributorId":208106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coleman","given":"James L.","affiliations":[{"id":37715,"text":"Ex-USGS, now retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236314,"text":"70236314 - 2010 - Stress, fracture, and fluid-flow analysis using acoustic and electrical image logs in hot fractured granites of the Coso geothermal field, California, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-01T15:42:10.432902","indexId":"70236314","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:21:50","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Stress, fracture, and fluid-flow analysis using acoustic and electrical image logs in hot fractured granites of the Coso geothermal field, California, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Acoustic and electrical image logs in fractured granitic rocks penetrated by U.S. Navy well 58A-10, Coso Wash, in the eastern margin of the Coso geothermal field, California, were compared to evaluate their relative ability to characterize fractures and fault rock textures and to measure stress orientations from borehole failure. Electrical image logs are sensitive to variations in mineralogy or porosity, which affect conductivity. Thus, they capture both open and healed natural fractures as well as rock foliation.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Dipmeter and borehole image log technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/13181288M923134","usgsCitation":"Davatzes, N.C., and Hickman, S.H., 2010, Stress, fracture, and fluid-flow analysis using acoustic and electrical image logs in hot fractured granites of the Coso geothermal field, California, U.S.A., chap. of Dipmeter and borehole image log technology, v. 92, p. 259-293, https://doi.org/10.1306/13181288M923134.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"259","endPage":"293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":406068,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coso geothermal field","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.01925659179688,\n 35.88682489453265\n ],\n [\n -117.75215148925781,\n 35.88682489453265\n ],\n [\n -117.75215148925781,\n 36.121236902880185\n ],\n [\n -118.01925659179688,\n 36.121236902880185\n ],\n [\n -118.01925659179688,\n 35.88682489453265\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poppelreiter, M.","contributorId":296083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Poppelreiter","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850580,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia-Carballido, C.","contributorId":296084,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia-Carballido","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850581,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kraaijveld, M.","contributorId":296085,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kraaijveld","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850582,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":850578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70256009,"text":"70256009 - 2010 - Establishing a nationwide baseline of historical burn-severity data to support monitoring of trends in wildfire effects and national fire policies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-12T15:07:23.549738","indexId":"70256009","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:05:16","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":32,"text":"General Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"PNW-GTR-802","title":"Establishing a nationwide baseline of historical burn-severity data to support monitoring of trends in wildfire effects and national fire policies","docAbstract":"There is a need to provide agency leaders, elected officials, and the general public with summary information regarding the effects of large wildfires. Recently, the Wildland Fire Leadership Council (WFLC), which implements and coordinates National Fire Plan (NFP) and Federal Wildland Fire Management Policies adopted a strategy to monitor the effectiveness and effects of the National Fire Plan and the Healthy Forests Restoration Act. One component of this strategy is to assess the environmental impacts of large wildland fires and identify the trends of burn severity on all lands across the United States. To that end, WFLC has sponsored a 6-year project, Monitoring Trends in Burn Severity (MTBS), which requires the U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service (USDA-FS) and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to map and assess the burn severity for all large current and historical fires. Using Landsat data and the differenced Normalized Burn Ratio (dNBR) algorithm, the USGS/EROS Data Center and USDA-FS/ Remote Sensing Applications Center will map burn severity of all fires occurring from 1984 to 2010. Only fires that are greater than 500 ac in the East, and 1,000 ac in the West will be included. We anticipate mapping a total of more than 9,000 historical fires and fires that occur during the course of the study. The MTBS project will generate burn-severity data, maps, and reports, which will be available for use at local, State, and national levels to evaluate trends in burn severity and help develop and assess the effectiveness of land management decisions. Additionally, the information developed will provide a baseline from which to monitor the recovery and health of fire-affected landscapes over time. Spatial and tabular data quantifying burn severity will augment existing information used to estimate risk associated with a range of current and future resource threats. For example, fire severity data along with associated biophysical characteristics provide an analytical basis for assessing risk from invasive species as well as native insects and pathogens. All data and results will be distributed to the public via a Web interface.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Advances in threat assessment and their application to forest and rangeland management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Schwind, B., Quayle, B., and Eidenshink, J.C., 2010, Establishing a nationwide baseline of historical burn-severity data to support monitoring of trends in wildfire effects and national fire policies: General Technical Report PNW-GTR-802, 16 p.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"381","endPage":"396","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":431011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":431010,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://research.fs.usda.gov/treesearch/37081","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schwind, Brian","contributorId":146378,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwind","given":"Brian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Quayle, Brad","contributorId":146381,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quayle","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":906365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eidenshink, Jeffery C. eidenshink@usgs.gov","contributorId":1352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eidenshink","given":"Jeffery","email":"eidenshink@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":906366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70047106,"text":"70047106 - 2010 - The Mt. Lewis fault zone: Tectonic implications for eastern San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-01T16:11:26","indexId":"70047106","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"The Mt. Lewis fault zone: Tectonic implications for eastern San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"No abstract available","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special report (California Geological Survey)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"conferenceTitle":"Third Conference on Earthquake Hazards in the Eastern San Francisco Bay Area : science, hazard, engineering and risk","language":"English","publisher":"California Geological Survey, California Dept. of Conservation","usgsCitation":"Watt, J., Ponce, D.A., Simpson, R.W., Graymer, R.W., Jachens, R.C., and Wentworth, C.M., 2010, The Mt. Lewis fault zone: Tectonic implications for eastern San Francisco Bay, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","ipdsId":"IP-014189","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275201,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.231916,37.39611 ], [ -122.231916,37.666424 ], [ -121.908313,37.666424 ], [ -121.908313,37.39611 ], [ -122.231916,37.39611 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51ee546ae4b00ffbed48f8fe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Watt, Janet 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":23045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":481074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Simpson, Robert W. simpson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simpson","given":"Robert","email":"simpson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":481072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70037571,"text":"70037571 - 2010 - Probabilistic seismic hazard estimates incorporating site effects - An example from Indiana, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037571","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probabilistic seismic hazard estimates incorporating site effects - An example from Indiana, U.S.A","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has published probabilistic earthquake hazard maps for the United States based on current knowledge of past earthquake activity and geological constraints on earthquake potential. These maps for the central and eastern United States assume standard site conditions with Swave velocities of 760 m/s in the top 30 m. For urban and infrastructure planning and long-term budgeting, the public is interested in similar probabilistic seismic hazard maps that take into account near-surface geological materials. We have implemented a probabilistic method for incorporating site effects into the USGS seismic hazard analysis that takes into account the first-order effects of the surface geologic conditions. The thicknesses of sediments, which play a large role in amplification, were derived from a P-wave refraction database with over 13, 000 profiles, and a preliminary geology-based velocity model was constructed from available information on S-wave velocities. An interesting feature of the preliminary hazard maps incorporating site effects is the approximate factor of two increases in the 1-Hz spectral acceleration with 2 percent probability of exceedance in 50 years for parts of the greater Indianapolis metropolitan region and surrounding parts of central Indiana. This effect is primarily due to the relatively thick sequence of sediments infilling ancient bedrock topography that has been deposited since the Pleistocene Epoch. As expected, the Late Pleistocene and Holocene depositional systems of the Wabash and Ohio Rivers produce additional amplification in the southwestern part of Indiana. Ground motions decrease, as would be expected, toward the bedrock units in south-central Indiana, where motions are significantly lower than the values on the USGS maps.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.16.4.369","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Hasse, J., Park, C., Nowack, R., and Hill, J., 2010, Probabilistic seismic hazard estimates incorporating site effects - An example from Indiana, U.S.A: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 16, no. 4, p. 369-388, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.16.4.369.","startPage":"369","endPage":"388","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218033,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.16.4.369"},{"id":246010,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8c9ce4b0c8380cd7e7b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hasse, J.S.","contributorId":77779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hasse","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Park, C.H.","contributorId":24606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Park","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nowack, R.L.","contributorId":78594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nowack","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, J.R.","contributorId":40834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037168,"text":"70037168 - 2010 - Detecting the spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids in Apalachicola Bay, Florida using MODIS imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T15:27:47","indexId":"70037168","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2068,"text":"International Journal of Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Detecting the spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids in Apalachicola Bay, Florida using MODIS imagery","title":"Detecting the spatial and temporal variability of chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids in Apalachicola Bay, Florida using MODIS imagery","docAbstract":"Apalachicola Bay, Florida, accounts for 90% of Florida's and 10% of the nation's eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) harvesting. Chlorophyll-a concentration and total suspended solids (TSS) are two important water quality variables, among other environmental factors such as salinity, for eastern oyster production in Apalachicola Bay. In this research, we developed regression models of the relationships between the reflectance of the Moderate-Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) Terra 250 m data and the two water quality variables based on the Bay-wide field data collected during 14–17 October 2002, a relatively dry period, and 3–5 April 2006, a relatively wet period, respectively. Then we selected the best regression models (highest coefficient of determination, R 2) to derive Bay-wide maps of chlorophyll-a concentration and TSS for the two periods. The MODIS-derived maps revealed large spatial and temporal variations in chlorophyll-a concentration and TSS across the entire Apalachicola Bay.
No abstract available.
Pyrethroid insecticide use in California, USA, is growing, and there is a need to understand the fate of these compounds in the environment. Concentrations and toxicity were assessed in streambed sediment of the San Joaquin Valley of California, one of the most productive agricultural regions of the United States. Concentrations were also measured in the suspended sediment associated with irrigation or storm‐water runoff, and mass loads during storms were calculated. Western valley streambed sediments were frequently toxic to the amphipod, Hyalella azteca, with most of the toxicity attributable to bifenthrin and cyhalothrin. Up to 100% mortality was observed in some locations with concentrations of some pyrethroids up to 20 ng/g. The western San Joaquin Valley streams are mostly small watersheds with clay soils, and sediment‐laden irrigation runoff transports pyrethroid insecticides throughout the growing season. In contrast, eastern tributaries and the San Joaquin River had low bed sediment concentrations (<1 ng/g) and little or no toxicity because of the preponderance of sandy soils and sediments. Bifenthrin, cyhalothrin, and permethrin were the most frequently detected pyrethroids in irrigation and storm water runoff. Esfenvalerate, fenpropathrin, and resmethrin were also detected. All sampled streams contributed to the insecticide load of the San Joaquin River during storms, but some compounds detected in the smaller creeks were not detected in the San Joaquin River. The two smallest streams, Ingram and Hospital Creeks, which had high sediment toxicity during the irrigation season, accounted for less than 5% of the total discharge of the San Joaquin River during storm conditions, and as a result their contribution to the pyrethroid mass load of the larger river was minimal.
","language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.106","usgsCitation":"Domagalski, J.L., Weston, D.P., Zhang, M., and Hladik, M., 2010, Pyrethroid insecticide concentrations and toxicity in streambed sediments and loads in surface waters of the San Joaquin Valley, California, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 4, p. 813-823, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.106.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"813","endPage":"823","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475830,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.106","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245087,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9050e4b0c8380cd7fc71","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Domagalski, Joseph L. 0000-0002-6032-757X joed@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6032-757X","contributorId":1330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domagalski","given":"Joseph","email":"joed@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":459786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weston, Donald P.","contributorId":41254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weston","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Minghua","contributorId":195323,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Minghua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hladik, Michelle L. 0000-0002-0891-2712 mhladik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0891-2712","contributorId":189904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hladik","given":"Michelle L.","email":"mhladik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":459787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70037503,"text":"70037503 - 2010 - Discovery of ammocrypta clara (western sand darter) in the Upper Ohio River of West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-10T15:08:58","indexId":"70037503","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":737,"text":"American Midland Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Discovery of ammocrypta clara (western sand darter) in the Upper Ohio River of West Virginia","docAbstract":"Ammocrypta clara Jordan and Meek (western sand darter) occurs primarily in the western portions of Mississippi River system, but also has been reported from a Lake Michigan drainage and a few eastern Texas Gulf Slope rivers. Additional range records depict a semi-disjunct distribution within the Ohio River drainage, including collections from Wabash River in Indiana, the Cumberland, Green, Kentucky and Big Sandy rivers of Kentucky, and the upper Tennessee River in Tennessee and Virginia. This paper documents the occurrence of A. clara from the upper Ohio River drainage within the lower Elk River, West Virginia, based on collections from 1986, 1991, 1995, 2005 and 2006. The Elk River population, consistent with those of other Ohio River drainages, has slightly higher counts for numbers of dorsal-fin rays, scales below lateral line and lateral line scales when compared to data from populations outside of the Ohio River drainage. Modal counts of meristic characters are similar among populations, except for higher modal counts of lateral line scales in the Ohio River population. The discovery of the Elk River population extends the range distribution of A. clara in the Eastern Highlands region, documents wide distributional overlap and additional sympatry with its sister species,A. pellucida (eastern sand darter), and softens support for an east-west Central Highlands vicariance hypothesis for the present distribution of A. clara and A. pellucida.
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A.","contributorId":29611,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cincotta","given":"Dan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Welsh, Stuart A. 0000-0003-0362-054X swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":1483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037542,"text":"70037542 - 2010 - Liquefaction caused by the 2009 Olancha, California (USA), M5.2 earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-18T10:38:21","indexId":"70037542","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Liquefaction caused by the 2009 Olancha, California (USA), M5.2 earthquake","docAbstract":"The October 3, 2009 (01:16:00 UTC), Olancha M5.2 earthquake caused extensive liquefaction as well as permanent horizontal ground deformation within a 1.2 km2area earthquake in Owens Valley in eastern California (USA). Such liquefaction is rarely observed during earthquakes of M ≤ 5.2. We conclude that subsurface conditions, not unusual ground motion, were the primary factors contributing to the liquefaction. The liquefaction occurred in very liquefiable sands at shallow depth (< 2 m) in an area where the water table was near the land surface. Our investigation is relevant to both geotechnical engineering and geology. The standard engineering method for assessing liquefaction potential, the Seed–Idriss simplified procedure, successfully predicted the liquefaction despite the small earthquake magnitude. The field observations of liquefaction effects highlight a need for caution by earthquake geologists when inferring prehistoric earthquake magnitudes from paleoliquefaction features because small magnitude events may cause such features.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Engineering Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.07.009","issn":"00137952","usgsCitation":"Holzer, T., Jayko, A.S., Hauksson, E., Fletcher, J., Noce, T., Bennett, M., Dietel, C., and Hudnut, K., 2010, Liquefaction caused by the 2009 Olancha, California (USA), M5.2 earthquake: Engineering Geology, v. 116, no. 1-2, p. 184-188, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.07.009.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"184","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":218072,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2010.07.009"},{"id":246052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Olancha","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.035125,36.22622 ], [ -118.035125,36.315234 ], [ -117.968329,36.315234 ], [ -117.968329,36.22622 ], [ -118.035125,36.22622 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"116","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a47eae4b0c8380cd67a98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holzer, T.L.","contributorId":35739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holzer","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jayko, A. S. 0000-0002-7378-0330","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7378-0330","contributorId":18011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jayko","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461527,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hauksson, E.","contributorId":10932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauksson","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fletcher, J.P.B.","contributorId":96936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"J.P.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noce, T.E.","contributorId":54285,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noce","given":"T.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bennett, M.J.","contributorId":67504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461531,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dietel, C.M.","contributorId":11245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietel","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hudnut, K.W.","contributorId":25179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70042347,"text":"70042347 - 2010 - Caution on the use of liquid nitrogen traps in stable hydrogen isotope-ratio mass spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:23:51","indexId":"70042347","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":761,"text":"Analytical Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Caution on the use of liquid nitrogen traps in stable hydrogen isotope-ratio mass spectrometry","docAbstract":"An anomalous stable hydrogen isotopic fractionation of 4 ‰ in gaseous hydrogen has been correlated with the process of adding liquid nitrogen (LN2) to top off the dewar of a stainless-steel water trap on a gaseous hydrogen-water platinum equilibration system. Although the cause of this isotopic fractionation is unknown, its effect can be mitigated by (1) increasing the capacity of any dewars so that they do not need to be filled during a daily analytic run, (2) interspersing isotopic reference waters among unknowns, and (3) applying a linear drift correction and linear normalization to isotopic results with a program such as Laboratory Information Management System (LIMS) for Light Stable Isotopes. With adoption of the above guidelines, measurement uncertainty can be substantially improved. For example, the long-term (months to years) δ2H reproducibility (1& sigma; standard deviation) of nine local isotopic reference waters analyzed daily improved substantially from about 1‰ to 0.58 ‰. This isotopically fractionating mechanism might affect other isotope-ratio mass spectrometers in which LN2 is used as a moisture trap for gaseous hydrogen
","language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1021/ac101570f","usgsCitation":"Coplen, T.B., and Qi, H., 2010, Caution on the use of liquid nitrogen traps in stable hydrogen isotope-ratio mass spectrometry: Analytical Chemistry, v. 82, no. 18, p. 7849-7851, https://doi.org/10.1021/ac101570f.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"7849","endPage":"7851","ipdsId":"IP-020415","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":265316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":265271,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac101570f"}],"country":"United States","volume":"82","issue":"18","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50ebfc76e4b07f1501afcfcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coplen, Tyler B. 0000-0003-4884-6008 tbcoplen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4884-6008","contributorId":508,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coplen","given":"Tyler","email":"tbcoplen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Qi, Haiping 0000-0002-8339-744X haipingq@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8339-744X","contributorId":507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Qi","given":"Haiping","email":"haipingq@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034028,"text":"70034028 - 2010 - Seismicity and fluid geochemistry at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: Evidence for two circulation cells in the hydrothermal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-14T13:43:18","indexId":"70034028","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismicity and fluid geochemistry at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: Evidence for two circulation cells in the hydrothermal system","docAbstract":"Seismic analysis and geochemical interpretations provide evidence that two separate hydrothermal cells circulate within the greater Lassen hydrothermal system. One cell originates south to SW of Lassen Peak and within the Brokeoff Volcano depression where it forms a reservoir of hot fluid (235–270°C) that boils to feed steam to the high-temperature fumarolic areas, and has a plume of degassed reservoir liquid that flows southward to emerge at Growler and Morgan Hot Springs. The second cell originates SSE to SE of Lassen Peak and flows southeastward along inferred faults of the Walker Lane belt (WLB) where it forms a reservoir of hot fluid (220–240°C) that boils beneath Devils Kitchen and Boiling Springs Lake, and has an outflow plume of degassed liquid that boils again beneath Terminal Geyser. Three distinct seismogenic zones (identified as the West, Middle, and East seismic clusters) occur at shallow depths (<6 km) in Lassen Volcanic National Park, SW to SSE of Lassen Peak and adjacent to areas of high-temperature (≤161°C) fumarolic activity (Sulphur Works, Pilot Pinnacle, Little Hot Springs Valley, and Bumpass Hell) and an area of cold, weak gas emissions (Cold Boiling Lake). The three zones are located within the inferred Rockland caldera in response to interactions between deeply circulating meteoric water and hot brittle rock that overlies residual magma associated with the Lassen Volcanic Center. Earthquake focal mechanisms and stress inversions indicate primarily N–S oriented normal faulting and E–W extension, with some oblique faulting and right lateral shear in the East cluster. The different focal mechanisms as well as spatial and temporal earthquake patterns for the East cluster indicate a greater influence by regional tectonics and inferred faults within the WLB. A fourth, deeper (5–10 km) seismogenic zone (the Devils Kitchen seismic cluster) occurs SE of the East cluster and trends NNW from Sifford Mountain toward the Devils Kitchen thermal area where fumarolic temperatures are ≤123°C. Lassen fumaroles discharge geothermal gases that indicate mixing between a N2-rich, arc-type component and gases derived from air-saturated meteoric recharge water. Most gases have relatively weak isotopic indicators of upper mantle or volcanic components, except for gas from Sulphur Works where δ13C–CO2, δ34S–H2S, and δ15N–N2 values indicate a contribution from the mantle and a subducted sediment source in an arc volcanic setting.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier Science","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.014","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Janik, C.J., and McLaren, M.K., 2010, Seismicity and fluid geochemistry at Lassen Volcanic National Park, California: Evidence for two circulation cells in the hydrothermal system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 189, no. 3-4, p. 257-277, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.014.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"257","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244667,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.3,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -121.3,\n 40.3\n ],\n [\n -121.7,\n 40.3\n ],\n [\n -121.7,\n 40.6\n ],\n [\n -121.3,\n 40.6\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"189","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b8de4b08c986b317909","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Janik, Cathy J.","contributorId":139041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Janik","given":"Cathy","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":12608,"text":"USGS, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McLaren, Marcia K.","contributorId":139042,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McLaren","given":"Marcia","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12624,"text":"PG&E","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":443725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70037657,"text":"70037657 - 2010 - Effects of exploitation on black bear populations at White River National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-13T16:23:57","indexId":"70037657","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of exploitation on black bear populations at White River National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"We live-trapped American black bears (Ursus americanus) and sampled DNA from hair at White River National Wildlife Refuge, Arkansas, USA, to estimate annual population size (N), growth (λ), and density. We estimated N and λ with open population models, based on live-trapping data collected from 1998 through 2006, and robust design models for genotyped hair samples collected from 2004 through 2007. Population growth was weakly negative (i.e., 95% CI included 1.0) for males (0.901, 95% CI = 0.645–1.156) and strongly negative (i.e., 95% CI excluded 1.0) for females (0.846, 95% CI = 0.711–0.981), based on live-trapping data, with N from 1999 to 2006 ranging from 94.1 (95% CI = 70.3–137.1) to 45.2 (95% CI = 27.1–109.3), respectively, for males and from 151.4 (95% CI = 127.6–185.8) to 47.1 (95% CI = 24.4–140.4), respectively, for females. Likewise, mean annual λ based on hair-sampling data was weakly negative for males (0.742, 95% CI = 0.043–1.441) and strongly negative for females (0.782, 95% CI = 0.661–0.903), with abundance estimates from 2004 to 2007 ranging from 29.1 (95% CI = 21.2–65.8) to 11.9 (95% CI = 11.0–26.9), respectively, for males and from 54.4 (95% CI = 44.3–77.1) to 27.4 (95% CI = 24.9–36.6), respectively, for females. We attribute the decline in the number of females in this isolated population to a decrease in survival caused by a past translocation program and by hunting adjacent to the refuge. We suggest that managers restructure the quota-based harvest limits until these growth rates recover.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2193/2009-529","issn":"0022541X","usgsCitation":"Clark, J.D., Eastridge, R., and Hooker, M., 2010, Effects of exploitation on black bear populations at White River National Wildlife Refuge: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 74, no. 7, p. 1448-1456, https://doi.org/10.2193/2009-529.","startPage":"1448","endPage":"1456","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217965,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2193/2009-529"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"White River National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.27716064453125,\n 34.67161743636362\n ],\n [\n -91.25244140624999,\n 34.610605760914666\n ],\n [\n -91.1590576171875,\n 34.55407346090556\n ],\n [\n -91.16455078125,\n 34.511083202999714\n ],\n [\n -91.0382080078125,\n 34.4069096565206\n ],\n [\n -90.99426269531249,\n 34.39104576945997\n ],\n [\n -91.02996826171875,\n 34.15045403191448\n ],\n [\n -91.0272216796875,\n 34.10498222546687\n ],\n [\n -91.065673828125,\n 34.03672867489511\n ],\n [\n -91.0601806640625,\n 34.00258128543371\n ],\n [\n -91.0931396484375,\n 33.970697997361626\n ],\n [\n -91.11785888671875,\n 33.959308210392024\n ],\n [\n -91.1590576171875,\n 33.96386430820156\n ],\n [\n -91.1920166015625,\n 33.99347299511967\n ],\n [\n -91.22222900390625,\n 34.048108084909835\n ],\n [\n -91.19476318359375,\n 34.129994745824746\n ],\n [\n -91.21673583984375,\n 34.14136162745489\n ],\n [\n -91.25518798828125,\n 34.2594865145062\n ],\n [\n -91.23321533203125,\n 34.29579932143427\n ],\n [\n -91.19476318359375,\n 34.288991865037524\n ],\n [\n -91.17279052734375,\n 34.332096438353915\n ],\n [\n -91.18377685546875,\n 34.384246040152206\n ],\n [\n -91.22772216796875,\n 34.40917568058836\n ],\n [\n -91.27716064453125,\n 34.46127728843708\n ],\n [\n -91.33209228515625,\n 34.54502472496434\n ],\n [\n -91.395263671875,\n 34.6015631772409\n ],\n [\n -91.38702392578125,\n 34.66258150231496\n ],\n [\n -91.33209228515625,\n 34.68291096793206\n ],\n [\n -91.27716064453125,\n 34.67161743636362\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"74","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06e8e4b0c8380cd51490","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clark, J. D.","contributorId":85911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462153,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eastridge, R.","contributorId":46464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastridge","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooker, M.J.","contributorId":86204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooker","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70044497,"text":"70044497 - 2010 - Some notes on the geology of Cave Mountain Cave, Pendleton County, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-17T16:28:12","indexId":"70044497","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3586,"text":"The West Virginia Caver","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Some notes on the geology of Cave Mountain Cave, Pendleton County, West Virginia","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"The West Virginia Caver","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The West Virginia Caver","usgsCitation":"Swezey, C., and Dulong, F., 2010, Some notes on the geology of Cave Mountain Cave, Pendleton County, West Virginia: The West Virginia Caver, v. 28, no. 2, p. 5-10.","productDescription":"6","startPage":"5","endPage":"10","ipdsId":"IP-017954","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273871,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West Virginia","county":"Pendleton","otherGeospatial":"Cave Mountain Cave","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff7e4b0ee1529ed3d68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swezey, C.S.","contributorId":83722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swezey","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dulong, F.T.","contributorId":81490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"F.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":475729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193281,"text":"70193281 - 2010 - Maintenance of Eastern hemlock forests: Factors associated with hemlock vulnerability to hemlock woolly adelgid","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:27:03","indexId":"70193281","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Maintenance of Eastern hemlock forests: Factors associated with hemlock vulnerability to hemlock woolly adelgid","docAbstract":"Eastern hemlock (Tsuga canadensis [L.]) is the most shade-tolerant and long-lived tree species in eastern North America. The hemlock woolly adelgid (Adelges tsugae) (HWA), is a nonnative invasive insect that feeds on eastern hemlock and Carolina hemlock (Tsuga caroliniana Engelm.). HWA currently is established in 17 eastern states and is causing tree decline and wide-ranging tree mortality. Our data from West Virginia and Pennsylvania suggest that hemlock crown vigor (a ranking of amount of live crown) relates to a predictable pattern of hemlock vulnerability at light and moderate levels of HWA infestation. We found that crown variables, such as live crown ratio and crown density and transparency, are accurate predictors of hemlock decline; more vigorous trees appear to be less vulnerable to HWA. Thus, silvicultural thinning treatments may be a means for reducing stand densities and increasing crown vigor in colder areas where climate may slow HWA spread.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings from the Conference on the Ecology and Management of High-Elevation Forests in the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"USDA Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Fajvan, M.A., and Wood, P.B., 2010, Maintenance of Eastern hemlock forests: Factors associated with hemlock vulnerability to hemlock woolly adelgid, in Proceedings from the Conference on the Ecology and Management of High-Elevation Forests in the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains, p. 31-38.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"38","ipdsId":"IP-014482","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":348906,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.nrs.fs.fed.us/pubs/gtr/gtr_nrs-p-64.pdf"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610acee4b06e28e9c256ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fajvan, Mary Ann","contributorId":200418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fajvan","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722255,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Petra Bohall pbwood@usgs.gov","contributorId":1791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Petra","email":"pbwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Bohall","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":718524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70193897,"text":"70193897 - 2010 - CO2, CO, and Hg emissions from the Truman Shepherd and Ruth Mullins coal fires, eastern Kentucky, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:01:07","indexId":"70193897","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"CO2, CO, and Hg emissions from the Truman Shepherd and Ruth Mullins coal fires, eastern Kentucky, USA","title":"CO2, CO, and Hg emissions from the Truman Shepherd and Ruth Mullins coal fires, eastern Kentucky, USA","docAbstract":"Carbon dioxide (CO2), carbon monoxide (CO), and mercury (Hg) emissions were quantified for two eastern Kentucky coal-seam fires, the Truman Shepherd fire in Floyd County and the Ruth Mullins fire in Perry County. This study is one of the first to estimate gas emissions from coal fires using field measurements at gas vents. The Truman Shepherd fire emissions are nearly 1400 t CO2/yr and 16 kg Hg/yr resulting from a coal combustion rate of 450–550 t/yr. The sum of CO2 emissions from seven vents at the Ruth Mullins fire is 726±72 t/yr, suggesting that the fire is consuming about 250–280 t coal/yr. Total Ruth Mullins fire CO and Hg emissions are estimated at 21±1.8 t/yr and >840±170 g/yr, respectively. The CO2 emissions are environmentally significant, but low compared to coal-fired power plants; for example, 3.9×106 t CO2/yr for a 514-MW boiler in Kentucky. Using simple calculations, CO2 and Hg emissions from coal-fires in the U.S. are estimated at 1.4×107– 2.9×108 t/yr and 0.58–11.5 t/yr, respectively. This initial work indicates that coal fires may be an important source of CO2, CO, Hg and other atmospheric constituents.
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The Fort Knox well field is located near the town of West Point, Kentucky, in the flood plain of the Ohio River. At the site, unconsolidated sediments approximately 30 – 40 m thick, overlie shale and porous limestone. Brine is believed to flow vertically from the underlying formations to the unconsolidated aquifer through damaged or leaky well casings under a high hydraulic gradient from the artificially pressurized porous limestone, which is utilized for natural gas storage by a regional energy company. Upon reaching the unconsolidated aquifer, brinecontaminated groundwater enters water supply production wells under the pumping‐induced gradient. As part of the Fort Knox remediation strategy to reduce the impact of brine contamination, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and borehole electromagnetic (EM) logs are being collected annually to detect gross changes in subsurface conductivity. The 2009 ERT data show areas of high conductivity on the western (contaminated) side of the site with conductivities more than an order of magnitude higher than on the eastern (uncontaminated) side of the site. The areas of high conductivity are interpreted as brine contamination, consistent with known regions of brine contamination. Conductivities from the EM logs are consistent with the results from the ERT inversions. The EM logs show little change between 2008 and 2009, except for some small changes in the brine distribution in well PZ1. Yearly ERT surveys will be continued to detect new areas of brine contamination and monitor the remediation effort.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/1.3445533","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., Unthank, M.D., Zettwoch, D.D., and Lane, J.W., 2010, Brine delineation and monitoring with electrical resistivity tomography and electromagnetic borehole logging at the Fort Knox well field near West Point, Kentucky, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010, p. 913-922, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.3445533.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"922","ipdsId":"IP-019006","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"West Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.02844238281249,\n 37.92984646868451\n ],\n [\n -85.91892242431639,\n 37.92984646868451\n ],\n [\n -85.91892242431639,\n 38.0096892410326\n ],\n [\n -86.02844238281249,\n 38.0096892410326\n ],\n [\n -86.02844238281249,\n 37.92984646868451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719271e4b0a9a2e9dbde28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Rory rhenders@usgs.gov","contributorId":2083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rory","email":"rhenders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zettwoch, Douglas D.","contributorId":56709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zettwoch","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70158959,"text":"70158959 - 2010 - Rift-related volcanism and karst geohydrology of the southern Ozark Dome","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T16:33:25.623273","indexId":"70158959","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Rift-related volcanism and karst geohydrology of the southern Ozark Dome","docAbstract":"This field trip examines the geology and geohydrology of a dissected part of the Salem Plateau in the Ozark Plateaus province of south-central Missouri. Rocks exposed in this area include karstified, flat-lying, lower Paleozoic carbonate platform rocks deposited on Mesoproterozoic basement. The latter is exposed as an uplift located about 40 mi southwest of the St. Francois Mountains and form the core of the Ozark dome. On day 1, participants will examine and explore major karst features developed in Paleozoic carbonate strata on the Current River; this will include Devil's Well and Round Spring Cavern as well as Montauk, Round, Alley, and Big Springs. The average discharge of the latter is 276 × 106 gpd and is rated in the top 20 springs in the world. Another, Alley Spring, is equally spectacular with an average discharge of 81 × 106 gpd. Both are major contributors to the Current and Eleven Point River drainage system which includes about 50 Mesoproterozoic volcanic knobs and two granite outcrops. These knobs are mainly caldera-erupted ignimbrites with a total thickness of 7–8 km. They are overlain by post-collapse lavas and intruded by domes dated at 1470 Ma. Volcaniclastic sediment and air-fall lapilli tuff are widely distributed along this synvolcanic unconformity. On day 2, the group will examine the most important volcanic features and the southernmost granite exposure in Missouri. The trip concludes with a discussion of the Missouri Gravity Low, the Eminence caldera, and the volcanic history of southern Missouri as well as a discussion of geologic controls on regional groundwater flow through this part of the Ozark aquifer.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From Precambrian rift volcanoes to the Mississippian Shelf margin: Geological field excursions in the Ozark Mountains","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colo.","usgsCitation":"Harrison, R., Weary, D.J., Orndorff, R.C., Repetski, J.E., Pierce, H.A., and Lowell, G.R., 2010, Rift-related volcanism and karst geohydrology of the southern Ozark Dome, chap. of From Precambrian rift volcanoes to the Mississippian Shelf margin: Geological field excursions in the Ozark Mountains, p. 99-158.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020395","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Salem Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561793cfe4b0cdb063e3fb9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Evans, Kevin R.","contributorId":35724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aber, James S.","contributorId":149141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aber","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577059,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A. hpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":5995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert","email":"hpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowell, Gary R.","contributorId":149142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowell","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70184310,"text":"70184310 - 2010 - Geometry and kinematics of the eastern Lake Mead fault system in the Virgin Mountains, Nevada and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-07T11:17:49","indexId":"70184310","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geometry and kinematics of the eastern Lake Mead fault system in the Virgin Mountains, Nevada and Arizona","docAbstract":"The Lake Mead fault system is a northeast-striking, 130-km-long zone of left-slip in the southeast Great Basin, active from before 16 Ma to Quaternary time. The northeast end of the Lake Mead fault system in the Virgin Mountains of southeast Nevada and northwest Arizona forms a partitioned strain field comprising kinematically linked northeast-striking left-lateral faults, north-striking normal faults, and northwest-striking right-lateral faults. Major faults bound large structural blocks whose internal strain reflects their position within a left step-over of the left-lateral faults. Two north-striking large-displacement normal faults, the Lakeside Mine segment of the South Virgin–White Hills detachment fault and the Piedmont fault, intersect the left step-over from the southwest and northeast, respectively. The left step-over in the Lake Mead fault system therefore corresponds to a right-step in the regional normal fault system.
Within the left step-over, displacement transfer between the left-lateral faults and linked normal faults occurs near their junctions, where the left-lateral faults become oblique and normal fault displacement decreases away from the junction. Southward from the center of the step-over in the Virgin Mountains, down-to-the-west normal faults splay northward from left-lateral faults, whereas north and east of the center, down-to-the-east normal faults splay southward from left-lateral faults. Minimum slip is thus in the central part of the left step-over, between east-directed slip to the north and west-directed slip to the south. Attenuation faults parallel or subparallel to bedding cut Lower Paleozoic rocks and are inferred to be early structures that accommodated footwall uplift during the initial stages of extension.
Fault-slip data indicate oblique extensional strain within the left step-over in the South Virgin Mountains, manifested as east-west extension; shortening is partitioned between vertical for extension-dominated structural blocks and south-directed for strike-slip faults. Strike-slip faults are oblique to the extension direction due to structural inheritance from NE-striking fabrics in Proterozoic crystalline basement rocks.
We hypothesize that (1) during early phases of deformation oblique extension was partitioned to form east-west–extended domains bounded by left-lateral faults of the Lake Mead fault system, from ca. 16 to 14 Ma. (2) Beginning ca. 13 Ma, increased south-directed shortening impinged on the Virgin Mountains and forced uplift, faulting, and overturning along the north and west side of the Virgin Mountains. (3) By ca. 10 Ma, initiation of the younger Hen Spring to Hamblin Bay fault segment of the Lake Mead fault system accommodated westward tectonic escape, and the focus of south-directed shortening transferred to the western Lake Mead region. The shift from early partitioned oblique extension to south-directed shortening may have resulted from initiation of right-lateral shear of the eastern Walker Lane to the west coupled with left-lateral shear along the eastern margin of the Great Basin.
This study examined two key aspects of reactive transport modeling for stream restoration purposes: the accuracy of the nutrient spiraling and transient storage models for quantifying reach-scale nutrient uptake, and the ability to quantify transport parameters using measurements and scaling techniques in order to improve upon traditional conservative tracer fitting methods. Nitrate (NO3–) uptake rates inferred using the nutrient spiraling model underestimated the total NO3– mass loss by 82%, which was attributed to the exclusion of dispersion and transient storage. The transient storage model was more accurate with respect to the NO3– mass loss (±20%) and also demonstrated that uptake in the main channel was more significant than in storage zones. Conservative tracer fitting was unable to produce transport parameter estimates for a riffle-pool transition of the study reach, while forward modeling of solute transport using measured/scaled transport parameters matched conservative tracer breakthrough curves for all reaches. Additionally, solute exchange between the main channel and embayment surface storage zones was quantified using first-order theory. These results demonstrate that it is vital to account for transient storage in quantifying nutrient uptake, and the continued development of measurement/scaling techniques is needed for reactive transport modeling of streams with complex hydraulic and geomorphic conditions.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","doi":"10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000180","usgsCitation":"O’Connor, B.L., Hondzo, M., and Harvey, J.W., 2010, Predictive modeling of transient storage and nutrient uptake: Implications for stream restoration: Journal of Hydraulic Engineering, v. 136, no. 12, p. 1018-1032, https://doi.org/10.1061/(ASCE)HY.1943-7900.0000180.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1018","endPage":"1032","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014947","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299657,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Angelo Coast Range Reserve, Elder Creek","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.61202716827393,\n 39.71976445680303\n ],\n [\n -123.61108303070067,\n 39.72002853300599\n ],\n [\n -123.61168384552002,\n 39.720952791753206\n ],\n [\n -123.61322879791258,\n 39.721513942806254\n ],\n [\n -123.6144733428955,\n 39.72293330449948\n ],\n [\n -123.61734867095947,\n 39.72352744723169\n ],\n [\n -123.6211681365967,\n 39.72428662216186\n ],\n [\n -123.62245559692381,\n 39.72438564436263\n ],\n [\n -123.62588882446289,\n 39.72636605851521\n ],\n [\n -123.6285924911499,\n 39.72834641578584\n ],\n [\n -123.63108158111574,\n 39.730029674741864\n ],\n [\n -123.63378524780273,\n 39.73072276942534\n ],\n [\n -123.63644599914551,\n 39.731085816240494\n ],\n [\n -123.63953590393065,\n 39.731283840970164\n ],\n [\n -123.64176750183105,\n 39.731283840970164\n ],\n [\n -123.6454153060913,\n 39.730227702505324\n ],\n [\n -123.64768981933594,\n 39.72993066064683\n ],\n [\n -123.64837646484375,\n 39.730062679408604\n ],\n [\n -123.64893436431885,\n 39.729633617508426\n ],\n [\n -123.6481189727783,\n 39.72907253253283\n ],\n [\n -123.6461019515991,\n 39.72880849096423\n ],\n [\n -123.64369869232178,\n 39.72917154786034\n ],\n [\n -123.64159584045412,\n 39.72993066064683\n ],\n [\n -123.63850593566895,\n 39.730062679408604\n ],\n [\n -123.63438606262207,\n 39.729600612636276\n ],\n [\n -123.63073825836182,\n 39.72821439373746\n ],\n [\n -123.62794876098633,\n 39.72613501312839\n ],\n [\n -123.62571716308592,\n 39.724814738922724\n ],\n [\n -123.62322807312012,\n 39.72346143162536\n ],\n [\n -123.62052440643312,\n 39.7226032229918\n ],\n [\n -123.61803531646729,\n 39.7226032229918\n ],\n [\n -123.61520290374754,\n 39.72164597768456\n ],\n [\n -123.6131429672241,\n 39.71986348549764\n ],\n [\n -123.61164093017578,\n 39.71963241832235\n ],\n [\n -123.61202716827393,\n 39.71976445680303\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"136","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"552e3a2fe4b0b22a157fa0aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Ben L.","contributorId":38872,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Ben","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":544787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hondzo, Miki","contributorId":11816,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hondzo","given":"Miki","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12693,"text":"Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geo- Engineering and St. Anthony Falls Laboratory, Minneapolis, MN","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":544789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harvey, Judson W. 0000-0002-2654-9873 jwharvey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2654-9873","contributorId":1796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"Judson","email":"jwharvey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176800,"text":"70176800 - 2010 - Saving our shared birds: Partners in Flight tri-national vision for landbird conservation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T11:17:54","indexId":"70176800","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Saving our shared birds: Partners in Flight tri-national vision for landbird conservation","docAbstract":"Landbirds are the most abundant and diverse group of birds in North America, with nearly 900 species distributed across every major terrestrial habitat. Birds are indicators of environmental health; their populations track changes in habitat, water, disease, and climate. They are providers of invaluable ecosystem services, such as pest control, seed dispersal, and pollination. As the focus of bird watching, they help generate billions of dollars for national economies. Yet, we are in danger of losing this spectacular and irreplaceable bird diversity: landbirds are experiencing significant declines, ominous threats, and shrinking habitats across a continent with growing human populations, increasing resource consumption, and changing climate.
Saving Our Shared Birds presents for the first time a comprehensive conservation assessment of landbirds in Canada, Mexico, and the continental United States. This new tri-national vision encompasses the complete range of many migratory species and highlights the vital links among migrants and highly threatened resident species in Mexico. It points to a set of continent-scale actions necessary to maintain the landbird diversity and abundance that are our shared responsibility.
This collaborative effort of Partners in Flight (PIF) is the next step in linking the countries of the Western Hemisphere to help species at risk and keep common birds common through voluntary partnerships—our mission since 1990. Saving Our Shared Birds builds upon PIF’s 2004 North American Landbird Conservation Plan, which presented science-based priorities for the conservation of 448 landbird species in Canada and the United States.
Our three nations have expressed their commitment to cooperative conservation through numerous international treaties, agreements, and programs, including formation of the North American Bird Conservation Initiative (NABCI) a decade ago. The NABCI partnership recognizes that effective conservation requires a concerted effort within each country, as well as a tri-national strategy to address issues throughout the full life cycles of our birds.
Today more than ever, it is urgent for the people of Canada, Mexico, and the United States to work together to keep common birds common, prevent extinction of our bird species at greatest risk, and ensure the diversity and abundance of birdlife across North America and throughout the hemisphere, far into the future. Saving Our Shared Birds shows the way forward.
","language":"English","publisher":"Partners in Flight","usgsCitation":"Berlanga, H., Kennedy, J.A., Rich, T.D., Arizmendi, M.D., Beardmore, C.J., Blancher, P.J., Butcher, G.S., Couturier, A.R., Dayer, A.A., Demarest, D.W., Easton, W.E., Gustafson, M., Inigo-Elias, E.E., Krebs, E.A., Panjabi, A.O., Rodriguez Contreras, V., Rosenberg, K.V., Ruth, J.M., Santana Castellon, E., Vidal, R., and Will, T., 2010, Saving our shared birds: Partners in Flight tri-national vision for landbird conservation, 49 p.","productDescription":"49 p.","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":329367,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":329366,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.savingoursharedbirds.org/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57f7c08ae4b0bc0bec09c7d1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Berlanga, Humberto","contributorId":175178,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Berlanga","given":"Humberto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Judith A.","contributorId":175179,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Judith","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rich, Terrell D.","contributorId":112381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rich","given":"Terrell","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arizmendi, Maria del Coro","contributorId":175180,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Arizmendi","given":"Maria","email":"","middleInitial":"del Coro","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":650353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Beardmore, 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