Five raised-bed test plots were used to study the effects of cover materials on the leaching of constituents from dolomitic Pb mine tailings over a 2-yr period. The cover materials studied were a fertilizer and seed mixture, anaerobically digested sewage sludge, loam and sod, and fallen leaves from silver maples (Acer Saccharinum); one plot was not covered. Fresh leachates and receiving pool waters were analyzed for ten metals, Si, P, inorganic anions, filterable organic carbon (FOC), and alkalinity. The mixture of fertilizer and seed decreased leaching of Pb and Zn during the first year. The leaf cover increased leaching of Pb during both years; this effect decreased as the leaves weathered. Sludge caused some increase in Pb leaching during the first year, and increased Cd leaching during both years. Concentrations of most leachate constituents decreased, and pH increased in the receiving pools. Concentrations of Pb remained higher in the receiving pool for the leaf-covered plot than in the other pools. Increases in leaching of Pb and Cd with a sludge cover were moderate, and the ability of the material to support plant growth on the tailings suggested that it may be a good medium for inducing growth of vegetative cover on the dolomitic tailings. Other organic materials may cause pronounced increase in the concentration of toxic trace metals in leachate from the tailings.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00176865","usgsCitation":"Harwood, J., Koirtyohann, S.R., and Schmitt, C., 1987, Effects of cover materials on leaching of constituents from dolomitic lead mine tailings: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 34, no. 1, p. 31-43, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00176865.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348343,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"Desloge","otherGeospatial":"Big River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 37.274052809979054\n ],\n [\n -90.3076171875,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 38.58252615935333\n ],\n [\n -91.527099609375,\n 37.274052809979054\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"34","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a0826d5e4b09af898c8deff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harwood, J.J.","contributorId":200062,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harwood","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koirtyohann, S. R.","contributorId":44287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koirtyohann","given":"S.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schmitt, C.J.","contributorId":119731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189635,"text":"70189635 - 1987 - Ground-water contamination near a uranium tailings disposal site in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-18T16:15:40","indexId":"70189635","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground-water contamination near a uranium tailings disposal site in Colorado","docAbstract":"Contaminants from uranium tailings disposed of at an active mill in Colorado have seeped into the shallow ground water onsite. This ground water discharges into the Arkansas River Valley through a superposed stream channel cut in the resistant sandstone ridge at the edge of a synclinal basin. In the river valley, seasonal surface-water irrigation has a significant impact on hydrodynamics. Water levels in residential wells fluctuate up to 20 ft and concentrations of uranium, molybdenum, and other contaminants also vary seasonally, with highest concentrations in the Spring, prior to irrigation, and lowest concentrations in the Fall. Results of a simple transient mixing cell model support the hypothesis that lateral ground-water inflow, and not irrigation recharge, is the source of ground-water contamination.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02884.x","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., and Wilder, R.J., 1987, Ground-water contamination near a uranium tailings disposal site in Colorado: Ground Water, v. 25, no. 5, p. 545-554, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02884.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"545","endPage":"554","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344002,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","volume":"25","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"596f1e29e4b0d1f9f0640782","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705529,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilder, Russell J.","contributorId":194867,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilder","given":"Russell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705530,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70226926,"text":"70226926 - 1987 - Geomorphic and hydrologic dynamics of zero-order basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T14:04:41.15584","indexId":"70226926","displayToPublicDate":"1987-12-22T07:57:55","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1578,"text":"Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union","onlineIssn":"2324-9250","printIssn":"0096-394","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geomorphic and hydrologic dynamics of zero-order basins","docAbstract":"The 1987 International Symposium on Erosion and Sedimentation in the Pacific Rim, held August 3–7, 1987, in Corvallis, Oreg., included a special session on the geomorphic and hydrologic dynamics of zero-order drainage basins. “Zero-order basin” is one of several terms used to describe unchanneled swales or hollows that may occupy considerable areas of higher-order drainage basins. These basins serve as important accumulation sites for water, sediment, and accompanying contaminants that subsequently may enter streams. Moreover, in many terrains along the Pacific rim, zero-order basins are significant geologic hazard sites in which rapid landslides and debris flows commonly begin. Widespread recognition o f the importance of zero-order basins has occurred only within the last 15 years, and this special session was aimed at collecting and assessing some of the pertinent knowledge that has been gained to date.
Title III of the Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (ANILCA, 1980) established the Yukon Flats National Wildlife Refuge (YFNWR). Section 304 of the Act requires the Secretary of Interior to \"prepare, and from time to time revise, a comprehensive conservation plan\" for the refuge. Before developing a plan for the refuge, the Secretary shall \"identify and describe--a) the populations and habitats of the fish and wildlife resources of the refuge; b) the special values of the refuge as well as any other archeological, cultural, ecological, geological , historical, palentological, scenic, or wilderness value of the refuge; c) areas within the refuge that are suitable for use as administrative sites or visitor facilities...; d) present the potential requirements for access with respect to the refuge...; and e) significant problems which may adversely affect the populations and habitats of fish and wildlife identified and described...\" (ANILCA, 1980). Vegetation, water, and terrain (elevation, slope, and aspect) are the components of habitat and can be used in the determination of the above requirements.
\nThe U. S. Fish & Wildlife Service (USFWS) has the responsibility for collecting the resource information to address the research, management, development and planning requirements identified in Section 304. Because of the brief period provided by the Act for data collection, habitat mapping, and habitat assessment, the USFWS in cooperation with the U.S. Geological Survey's EROS Field Office, used digital Landsat multispectral scanner (MSS) data and digital terrain data to produce land cover and terrain maps. A computer assisted digital analysis of Landsat MSS data was used because coverage by aerial photographs was incomplete for much of the refuge and because the level of detail obtained from Landsat data was adequate to meet most USFWS research, management and planning needs. Relative cost and time requirements were also factors in the decision to use the digital analysis approach.
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The geochemical processes produced by a combination of closed-system phase separation and adiabatic expansion under the conditions characterizing the sea-floor geothermal systems resulted in a significant increase in the acidity and concentration of heavy metals in the liquid phase and strikingly high concentrations of metals in the vapour.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Journal of Science","doi":"10.2475/ajs.287.10.953","usgsCitation":"Bischoff, J.L., and Rosenbauer, R.J., 1987, Phase separation in seafloor geothermal systems: An experimental study of the effects on metal transport: American Journal of Science, v. 287, no. 10, p. 953-978, https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.287.10.953.","productDescription":"26 p.","startPage":"953","endPage":"978","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":480065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2475/ajs.287.10.953","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":400515,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"287","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bischoff, James L. jbischoff@usgs.gov","contributorId":1389,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bischoff","given":"James","email":"jbischoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":842789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rosenbauer, Robert J. brosenbauer@usgs.gov","contributorId":204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbauer","given":"Robert","email":"brosenbauer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":842790,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006779,"text":"70006779 - 1987 - Managing forest roads to control cumulative erosion and sedimentation effects","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:51:49","indexId":"70006779","displayToPublicDate":"1987-11-18T12:51:16","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"seriesTitle":{"id":444,"text":"Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":12}},"title":"Managing forest roads to control cumulative erosion and sedimentation effects","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the California watershed management conference","conferenceTitle":"California watershed management conference","conferenceDate":"1986-11-18T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"West Sacramento, CA","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Wildland Resources Center","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Weaver, W., Hagans, D., and Madej, M.A., 1987, Managing forest roads to control cumulative erosion and sedimentation effects: Report, p. 119-130.","productDescription":"p. 119-130","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289220,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f5e4b07b8813a554d6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, W.E.","contributorId":38495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"W.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hagans, D.K.","contributorId":52127,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagans","given":"D.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70170442,"text":"70170442 - 1987 - Effects of wetland channelization of storm runoff in Lambert Creek, Ramsey County, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-05T12:12:22","indexId":"70170442","displayToPublicDate":"1987-11-01T15:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Effects of wetland channelization of storm runoff in Lambert Creek, Ramsey County, Minnesota","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"National Wetlands Symposium of Wetland Hydrology, Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1987 [Proceedings]","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"National Wetlands Symposium of Wetland Hydrology","conferenceDate":"September 16-18, 1987","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, IL","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Brown, R.G., 1987, Effects of wetland channelization of storm runoff in Lambert Creek, Ramsey County, Minnesota, in National Wetlands Symposium of Wetland Hydrology, Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1987 [Proceedings], Chicago, IL, September 16-18, 1987, p. 130-136.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"130","endPage":"136","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320316,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","otherGeospatial":"Lambert Creek","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0207,45.1258],[-92.9838,45.1247],[-92.9875,44.8924],[-92.9978,44.8924],[-93.0191,44.8929],[-93.0229,44.8948],[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.1775,44.8989],[-93.1833,44.8998],[-93.1897,44.9026],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1987,44.9085],[-93.2026,44.9122],[-93.2038,44.9145],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.2051,44.9209],[-93.2044,44.9263],[-93.2044,44.9305],[-93.2031,44.935],[-93.2037,44.9405],[-93.2044,44.9441],[-93.2063,44.9469],[-93.2062,44.9583],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.0207,45.1258]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ramsey\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5718a83ee4b0ef3b7caba53b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70199719,"text":"70199719 - 1987 - Selenium in aquatic organisms from subsurface agricultural drainage water, San Joaquin Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T10:49:52","indexId":"70199719","displayToPublicDate":"1987-11-01T10:49:26","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium in aquatic organisms from subsurface agricultural drainage water, San Joaquin Valley, California","docAbstract":"Concentrations of total selenium were high in 1983 in water, sediment, organic detritus, aquatic plants and invertebrates, and mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) from Kesterson Reservoir (San Joaquin Valley, California) and the San Luis Drain. Selenium concentrations in biota from the Reservoir and Drain (referred to here collectively as “Kesterson”) exceeded 300 (μg/g dry weight in some samples of algae, submerged rooted plants, chironomids, and mosquitofish, and were as high as 440 μg/g dry weight in decomposing detritus. Overall, selenium concentrations in samples from Kesterson averaged about 100-fold higher than those from the Volta Wildlife Area (here termed “Volta”), a nearby site that does not receive subsurface drainage water. Selenium concentrations generally increased from water to sediment to plants to animals. Spatial (geographic) patterns were observed for selenium concentrations in samples from Kesterson, but not in those from Volta. Higher concentrations were usually measured in samples from the San Luis Drain than from the evaporation ponds that comprise Kesterson Reservoir. At Kesterson, concentrations were usually higher in August than in May. The elevated levels of selenium measured in forage organisms from Kesterson are probably toxic to sensitive consumer animals, and may explain recent observations of dead and deformed embryos in eggs of aquatic birds that nest at the Reservoir. The effects of the selenium on fish living in subsurface agricultural drainage water are still poorly understood.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01055416","usgsCitation":"Saiki, M.K., and Lowe, T.P., 1987, Selenium in aquatic organisms from subsurface agricultural drainage water, San Joaquin Valley, California: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 16, no. 6, p. 657-670, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055416.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"657","endPage":"670","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley","volume":"16","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c1134ede4b034bf6a827722","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saiki, Michael K.","contributorId":54671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saiki","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746319,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lowe, T. Peter plowe@usgs.gov","contributorId":172500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowe","given":"T.","email":"plowe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Peter","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":746320,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70185546,"text":"70185546 - 1987 - Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:59:40","indexId":"70185546","displayToPublicDate":"1987-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media","docAbstract":"In this study, laboratory experiments were used to investigate mechanisms that may cause anisotropy in the dispersion coefficient and to investigate the relation between anisotropy in hydraulic conductivity and anisotropy in longitudinal dispersion. Measurements of sodium chloride concentration (used as a tracer) were made at 105 in situ sampling locations in a new type of sand box designed to allow flow in either of two perpendicular directions. Two types of hydraulic anisotropy were examined. The first consisted of structured zones of increased hydraulic conductivity within a lower-conductivity medium. The second type involved low-conductivity platelike inclusions within a homogeneous, isotropic medium. The plates were aligned such that the tortuosity was increased only in one principal direction of permeability. Results using two examples of the first type of media showed that the apparent longitudinal dispersivities for flow parallel to the high-conductivity direction were greater than those perpendicular to this direction. Two examples of the second type of media produced smaller apparent longitudinal dispersivities for flow parallel to the high-conductivity direction. The results suggest that the mechanisms causing dispersive anisotropy can be related, conceptually, to the factors causing hydraulic anisotropy.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i011p02145","usgsCitation":"Silliman, S.E., Konikow, L.F., and Voss, C., 1987, Laboratory investigation of longitudinal dispersion in anisotropic porous media: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 11, p. 2145-2151, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i011p02145.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"2145","endPage":"2151","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338193,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Silliman, Stephen E.","contributorId":72130,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silliman","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":685924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Voss, C.I.","contributorId":79515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voss","given":"C.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1003155,"text":"1003155 - 1987 - Toxicity of TFM lampricide to early life stages of walleye","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:16:19.366812","indexId":"1003155","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toxicity of TFM lampricide to early life stages of walleye","docAbstract":"We studied the effects of the lampricide 3-trifluoromethyl-4-nitrophenol (TFM) on gametes, newly fertilized eggs, eyed eggs, larvae, and swim-up fry of the walleye Stizostedion vitreum. When gametes from sexually mature walleyes were stripped into solutions of TFM, no effects were observed during the fertilization process at concentrations up to 3.0 mg/L—three times the concentration lethal to 99.9% of larval sea lampreys Petromyzon marinus held 12 h (LC99.9) under the same test conditions. Newly fertilized eggs likewise were unaffected during water hardening by concentrations of TFM that were lethal to sea lamprey ammocoetes. Eyed eggs, sac fry, and swim-up fry yielded LC25 values that were 2.5 to 5 times greater than the 12-h LC99.9 for sea lamprey ammocoetes. The data thus indicated that all of the early life stages of walleyes tested were considerably more resistant than sea lamprey ammocoetes to TFM, and that it is unlikely they would be adversely affected by standard stream treatments to kill sea lamprey ammocoetes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7<598:TOTLTE>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Seelye, J., 1987, Toxicity of TFM lampricide to early life stages of walleye: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 598-601, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7<598:TOTLTE>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"598","endPage":"601","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198266,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f268f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Seelye, J.G.","contributorId":32861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelye","given":"J.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003458,"text":"1003458 - 1987 - Minimum tailwater flows in relation to habitat suitability and sport-fish harvest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:06:42.621036","indexId":"1003458","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Minimum tailwater flows in relation to habitat suitability and sport-fish harvest","docAbstract":"The instream flow needs of four sport fishes (rainbow trout Salmo gairdneri, channel catfish Ictalurus punctatus, smallmouth bass Micropterus dolomieui, and white crappie Pomoxis annularis) were evaluated in the tailwater below Green River Lake, Kentucky. The Newcombe method, a simple procedure developed in British Columbia that is based on the distribution of water depths and velocities at various flows, was used to predict usable habitat at seven flows. Predicted usable habitat was two to six times greater for rainbow trout than for any of the other species at all flows. Angler harvest corresponded to the predicted abundance for rainbow trout and smallmouth bass, but the catch of channel catfish and white crappies was seasonally greater than expected. The presence of the dam and reservoir apparently disrupted the normal movement and feeding patterns of these species and periodically overrode the relation between usable habitat and abundance assumed in the Newcombe method. The year-round minimum flow of 4.6 m 3/s recommended for the tailwater would generally increase the amount of habitat available in the tailwater from April through October, and the minimum flow of 2.4 m3/s recommended for periods of drought would allow the maintenance of a trout fishery.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7<569:MTFIRT>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jacobs, K., Swink, W., and Novotny, J., 1987, Minimum tailwater flows in relation to habitat suitability and sport-fish harvest: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 7, no. 4, p. 569-574, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1987)7<569:MTFIRT>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"569","endPage":"574","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Green River Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.44685363769531,\n 37.12857106113289\n ],\n [\n -85.44685363769531,\n 37.37670527881838\n ],\n [\n -85.10833740234374,\n 37.37670527881838\n ],\n [\n -85.10833740234374,\n 37.12857106113289\n ],\n [\n -85.44685363769531,\n 37.12857106113289\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699d08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobs, K.E.","contributorId":57813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobs","given":"K.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313305,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swink, W.D.","contributorId":66200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swink","given":"W.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Novotny, J.F.","contributorId":95856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Novotny","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":313307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185538,"text":"70185538 - 1987 - Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:24:09","indexId":"70185538","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning","docAbstract":"Long-term groundwater contamination can result from vapors and solutes emanating from organic liquids spilled in the unsaturated zone. The mathematical modeling analysis presented in this paper demonstrates for gasoline-range hydrocarbons, and other volatile organics commonly spilled, that diffusive transport in the unsaturated zone is a significant transport mechanism which can cause aqueous and vapor plumes to spread away from the immiscible liquid source, resulting in increasing groundwater contaminating potential. An analytical solution to a one-dimensional version of the transport model allows for the definition of a retardation coefficient which is dependent on phase-partitioning coefficients and moisture content. Significant differences in migration rates should be anticipated between hydrocarbons. A numerical solution was developed for a radially symmetric version of the model defining transport for a multiconstituent contaminant like gasoline. Differences in anticipated migration rates between aromatic and nonaromatic hydrocarbons was clearly demonstrated. A simulation based on the composition of an actual gasoline revealed that aromatic constituents, although constituting a fraction of the initial gasoline composition, completely defined the groundwater contaminating potential. This potential changes in time as constituents are selectively removed from the unsaturated zone. Further, the groundwater contaminating potential is quite sensitive to the ground surface boundary characterization.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i010p01926","usgsCitation":"Baehr, A.L., 1987, Selective transport of hydrocarbons in the unsaturated zone due to aqueous and vapor phase partitioning: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 10, p. 1926-1938, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i010p01926.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"1926","endPage":"1938","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338183,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df0ae4b05ec79911d1dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baehr, Arthur L.","contributorId":104523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baehr","given":"Arthur","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014190,"text":"70014190 - 1987 - Contributions of rainfall to constituent loads in storm runoff from urban catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T16:00:28.531506","indexId":"70014190","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Contributions of rainfall to constituent loads in storm runoff from urban catchments","docAbstract":"Rainfall is a significant source of some constituents, particularly nitrogen species, in storm runoff from urban catchments. Median contributions of rainfall to storm runoff loads of 12 constituents from 31 urban catchments, representing eight geographic locations within the United States, ranged from 2 percent for suspended solids to 74 percent for total nitrite plus nitrate nitrogen. The median contribution of total nitrogen in rainfall to runoff loads was 41 percent. Median contributions of total-recoverable lead in rainfall to runoff loads varied by as much as an order of magnitude between catchments in the same geographic location. This indicates that average estimates of rainfall contributions to constituent loading in storm runoff may not be suitable in studies requiring accurate constituent mass-balance computations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02964.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Ebbert, J., and Wagner, R.J., 1987, Contributions of rainfall to constituent loads in storm runoff from urban catchments: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 23, no. 5, p. 867-871, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02964.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"867","endPage":"871","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225625,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2e0e4b0c8380cd4b454","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wagner, R. J.","contributorId":37318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014205,"text":"70014205 - 1987 - Examples of landfill-generated plumes in low-relief areas, southeast Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-21T15:46:13.07434","indexId":"70014205","displayToPublicDate":"1987-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Examples of landfill-generated plumes in low-relief areas, southeast Florida","docAbstract":"Areas of low topographic relief have low water-table gradients and make the direction of movement of contaminants from land fills in the ground water difficult to predict from regional gradients alone. The landfill, nearby free-flowing ditches or canals, variations in hydraulic conductivity, and the influence of nearby pumping wells can all affect the direction of flow. In low-gradient areas the concepts of “upgradient” and “downgradient” are less useful in planning the location of monitoring wells than in areas of higher relief. Low-relief areas also may be affected by the discharge of mineralized water from deeper aquifers, naturally or through irrigation, which can mask geochemical surveys intended to detect landfill leachate.
Examples of effects of low topographic relief are noted in southeast Florida where water-table gradients are 7×10−-4 to 5×10−-4 feet per foot. Water-table mounding beneath the landfill and the drainage effects of nearby ditches and well have created multiple leachate plumes in Stuart where one plume migrated in a direction opposite to the apparent regional gradient. In Coral Springs analysis suggests a bifurcating plume migrating along two narrow zones. In Fort Pierce it was difficult to detect leachate because of mineralized irrigation water and fertilizer runoff from an adjacent citrus grove.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02963.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Russell, G.M., Stewart, M., and Higer, A.L., 1987, Examples of landfill-generated plumes in low-relief areas, southeast Florida: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 23, no. 5, p. 863-866, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb02963.x.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"863","endPage":"866","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225818,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"south Florida","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.92409281121286,\n 27.879221924143366\n ],\n [\n -80.58971522118082,\n 25.97139111165754\n ],\n [\n -79.92333686793776,\n 25.921947856056335\n ],\n [\n -80.12180780433562,\n 27.896614282039295\n ],\n [\n -80.92409281121286,\n 27.879221924143366\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046ce4b0c8380cd50995","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Russell, Gary M.","contributorId":42973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Russell","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Mark","contributorId":36301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Mark","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higer, Aaron L.","contributorId":52163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higer","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70175833,"text":"70175833 - 1987 - Hydrology and water quality of a wetland used to receive wastewater effluent, St. Joseph, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-02T11:15:49","indexId":"70175833","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-28T12:15:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrology and water quality of a wetland used to receive wastewater effluent, St. Joseph, Minnesota","docAbstract":"
No abstract available.
","conferenceTitle":"National Wetland Symposium","conferenceDate":"September 16-18, 1987","conferenceLocation":"Chicago, Illinois","language":"English","publisher":"Association of State Wetland Managers, Inc.","publisherLocation":"Chicago, Illinois","usgsCitation":"Stark, J., and Brown, R.G., 1987, Hydrology and water quality of a wetland used to receive wastewater effluent, St. Joseph, Minnesota, National Wetland Symposium, Chicago, Illinois, September 16-18, 1987, p. 197-204.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"197","endPage":"204","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326996,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"St. Joseph","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57b82dcae4b03fd6b7da37ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stark, J. R.","contributorId":100406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stark","given":"J. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, R. G.","contributorId":106118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70175478,"text":"ofr87109C - 1987 - Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70175478,"text":"ofr87109C - 1987 - Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","indexId":"ofr87109C","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"chapter":"C","title":"Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":12346,"text":"ofr87109 - 1987 - U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","indexId":"ofr87109","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":12346,"text":"ofr87109 - 1987 - U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","indexId":"ofr87109","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination; proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-12T12:08:39","indexId":"ofr87109C","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-27T16:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-109","chapter":"C","title":"Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","docAbstract":"On August 20, 1979, a pipeline break in a remote area near Bemidji, Minn. (fig. C-l), resulted in the release of 1.5x105 L (liters) of crude oil. Although about 1.1x105 L were removed from the site as part of the cleanup, some crude oil infiltrated the ground and percolated to the water table. The spill occurred in the recharge area of a local flow system that discharges to a small lake 300 m (meters) downgradient (Hult, 1984).
\nThe aquifer is a pitted and dissected outwash plain underlain at a depth of about 20 m by low-permeability till. Crude oil is floating on the water table about 8 m below land surface and has migrated about 20 m as a separate fluid phase. Soluble petroleum derivatives have dissolved in and are moving with ground water. Volatile constituents are migrating through the unsaturated zone by diffusion.
\nThe abstracts presented in this chapter provide an overview of ongoing efforts to combine the results of interdependent, interdisciplinary research into the comprehensive understanding of the physical, chemical, and biological processes that will be needed to develop predictive models of contaminant mobilization, transport, and fate.
\nFranzi investigates the relationship between depositional and post-depositional processes and the heterogeneity and anisotropy of the aquifer. Post-depositional subsidence and collapse caused by melting of stagnant ice has created significant geomorphic and hydrogeologic structures. Miller describes a preliminary ground-water flow and chemical-transport model used to assess the effect of these hydrologic discontinuities, estimate aquifer properties, and to guide continuing field work.
\nAbstracts by Siegel, Bennett, and Berndt describe studies of dissolved inorganic constituents and parameters done to characterize the geochemical environments in and around the site. An anoxic zone, probably plume shaped, extends downgradient of the oil pool and into an oxic zone that surrounds the contamination. Carbonate minerals are actively dissolving in the oxic spray zone upgradient of the oil pool where oil is being mineralized, whereas quartz is dissolving underneath the oil by organic-acid complexation.
\nSelective leaching experiments show that fractionation of metals is also occurring where the aquifer matrix is contaminated. Morphological analysis of quartz sand grains clearly show unusual rock-water interactions are occurring in the anaerobic contaminant zone. Preliminary analysis indicates the possibility of an organic/quartz interaction that is significantly increasing the mobility of silica through the system.
\nPredictions of the evolution and ultimate geometry of contaminant plumes resulting from spills require quantitative descriptions of the rate of mass transfer from the organic fluid to ground water. Pfannkuch presents laboratory and field work that describe how the the rate of oil dissolution, and therefore the strength of the contaminant source, is controlled by fluctuations in ground-water velocity and water-table fluctuations.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Tallahassee, FL","doi":"10.3133/ofr87109C","usgsCitation":"Hult, M.F., 1987, Movement and fate of crude-oil in contaminants in the subsurface environment at Bemidji, Minnesota: Chapter C in U.S. Geological Survey program on toxic waste--ground-water contamination: Proceedings of the Third technical meeting, Pensacola, Florida, March 23-27, 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-109, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87109C.","productDescription":"39 p.","startPage":"C1","endPage":"C39","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":326466,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57aef346e4b0fc09faae03dd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hult, Marc F.","contributorId":18344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hult","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":645391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70203243,"text":"70203243 - 1987 - Selenium adsorption by goethite","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-01T10:01:13","indexId":"70203243","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-01T10:00:20","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selenium adsorption by goethite","docAbstract":"The adsorption of Se by goethite was studied as a function of time (10 min–24 h), temperature (295.5 and 303.5 K), pH (4–11), particle concentration (3–300 mg/L), total Se concentration (0.02–5 × 10−5 M), oxidation state [Se(IV) and Se(VI)], and competing anion concentration [(anion)/(Se(IV) = 0.25 to 50 000] in order to assess the influence of these factors on Se mobility. The data indicate that (i) the surface sites of goethite are heterogeneous, (ii) the adsorption of selenite [Se(IV)] reaches equilibrium in 2 h and is completely reversible with respect to pH, (iii) the removal of selenite from solution increases with decreasing pH and increasing particle concentration, (iv) the adsorption edge for selenite shifts to lower pH values with increasing total selenite concentrations, (v) selenite adsorbs much more strongly than selenate [Se(VI)], and (vi) the influence of additional anions on selenite adsorption depends on the relative affinity of the anions for the surface and the relative concentrations of the anions. For a given anion concentration ratio, the competition sequence with selenite is phosphate > silicate ≥ citrate > molybdate > bicarbonate/carbonate > oxalate > fluoride > sulfate. Therefore, the conditions that favor the mobility of Se in the environment with respect to adsorption are alkaline pH, high Se concentrations, oxidizing conditions, and high concentrations of additional anions that strongly adsorb.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050009x","usgsCitation":"Balistrieri, L.S., and Chao, T.T., 1987, Selenium adsorption by goethite: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1145-1151, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100050009x.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1145","endPage":"1151","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":363424,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balistrieri, Laurie S. 0000-0002-6359-3849 balistri@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6359-3849","contributorId":1406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balistrieri","given":"Laurie","email":"balistri@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":662,"text":"Western Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":761882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chao, T. T.","contributorId":31900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chao","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":761883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014123,"text":"70014123 - 1987 - Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-18T15:37:56.866473","indexId":"70014123","displayToPublicDate":"1987-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3724,"text":"Water Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network","docAbstract":"This paper summarizes the results from the first 3 years of a 5-year cost-effectiveness study of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network. The objective of the study is to define and document the most cost-effective means of furnishing streamflow information. In the first step of this study, data uses were identified for 3,493 continuous-record stations currently being operated in 32 States. In the second step, evaluation of alternative methods of providing streamflow information, flow-routing models, and regression models were developed for estimating daily flows at 251 stations of the 3,493 stations analyzed. In the third step of the analysis, relationships were developed between the accuracy of the streamflow records and the operating budget. The weighted standard error for all stations, with current operating procedures, was 19.9 percent. By altering field activities, as determined by the analyses, this could be reduced to 17.8 percent. The existing streamgaging networks in four Districts were further analyzed to determine the impacts that satellite telemetry would have on the cost effectiveness. Satellite telemetry was not found to be cost effective on the basis of hydrologic data collection alone, given present cost of equipment and operation.
","language":"English","publisher":"IWA Publishing","doi":"10.2166/wst.1987.0064","issn":"02731223","usgsCitation":"Scott, A.G., 1987, Analysis of the U.S. Geological Survey streamgaging network: Water Science and Technology, v. 19, no. 9, p. 31-42, https://doi.org/10.2166/wst.1987.0064.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"31","endPage":"42","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225426,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -130.67138671875,\n 54.686534234529695\n ],\n [\n -129.9462890625,\n 55.36662484928637\n ],\n [\n -130.1220703125,\n 56.145549500679074\n ],\n [\n -131.9677734375,\n 56.9449741808516\n ],\n [\n -135.3076171875,\n 59.833775202184206\n ],\n [\n -136.38427734375,\n 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G.","contributorId":36552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70121881,"text":"70121881 - 1987 - Instream flow values and power production","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T08:53:46","indexId":"70121881","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-19T08:52:35","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Instream flow values and power production","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Waterpower '87 : proceedings of the International Conference on Hydropower","conferenceTitle":"Waterpower '87","conferenceDate":"1987-08-19T00:00:00","conferenceLocation":"Portland, OR","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., and Douglas, A.J., 1987, Instream flow values and power production, 10 p.","productDescription":"10 p.","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292926,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4dd0e4b0413fd75d6ab4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Douglas, Aaron J.","contributorId":46879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Douglas","given":"Aaron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121396,"text":"70121396 - 1987 - Results of a workshop concerning ecological zonation in bottomland hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T13:20:42","indexId":"70121396","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T13:07:43","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/14","title":"Results of a workshop concerning ecological zonation in bottomland hardwoods","docAbstract":"Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulatory responsibilities concerning the discharge of dredged or fill material into the Nation's waters. In addition to its advisory role in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' permit program, EPA has a number of specific authorities, including formulation of the Section 404(b)(1) Guidelines, use of Section 404(c) to prohibit disposal at particular sites, and enforcement actions for unauthorized discharges. A number of recent court cases focus on the geographic scope of Section 404 jurisdiction in potential bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetlands and the nature of landclearing activities in these areas that require a permit under Section 404. Accordingly, EPA needs to establish the scientific basis for implementing its responsibilities under Section 404 in bottomland hardwoods.
\nEPA is approaching this task through a series of workshops designed to provide current scientific information on bottomland hardwoods and to organize that information in a manner pertinent to key questions, including the following. What are the characteristics of bottomland hardwoods (in terms of hydrology, soils, vegetation, fish, wildlife, agricultural potential, and the like) and how can the functions (e.g., flood storage, water quality maintenance, detrital export) that they perform best be quantified? How do perturbations like landclearing, levee construction, and drainage impact the functions that bottomland hardwoods perform and how can these effects best be quantified? And finally, how significant are the impacts and how is their significance likely to change under various management scenarios?
\nThe first workshop in this series was held December 3-7, 1984, in St. Francisville, Louisiana. The workshop was attended by over 40 scientists and regulators (see ACKNOWLEDGMENTS section) and facilitated by the editors of this report under an Interagency Agreement between EPA and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service. The general objective of the workshop was to examine ways in which the structure and function of BLH ecosystems can be characterized and, in particular, to investigate the utility of a conceptual framework developed at a workshop held in Lake Lanier, Georgia, in 1980. In this framework, the transition from aquatic habitats to upland habitats through a BLH ecosystem is divided into six zones based on concomitant variation in the soil moisture regime and associated vegetation (Table 1). The zonation concept is of particular interest to EPA from at least two perspectives. The first is simply as a framework for organizing information. If the zones are discernible in the field, have recognizable characteristics, and perform identifiable functions, they might form a useful basis for tasks such as assessing the impacts of a particular site-specific activity. The second is the potential utility of the zonation concept in identifying the wetland portions of BLH communities. If the zones can be recognized in the field, and if one or more of them can be shown consistently to have wetland characteristics (i.e., perform functions, such as detrital export, often attributed to wetlands), while others do not, then the zones might have utility in identifying areas that fall under the jurisdiction of Section 404.
\nThe workshop itself was divided into two parts. The first was a series of papers in which authors described current research and data-synthesis activities in the context of the zonation concept. The second was a series of six workgroups in which participants discussed the zonation concept from the perspective of hydrology, soils, vegetation, fish, wildlife, and ecosystem processes. This report is a compilation of the written material from those workgroups, much of which was produced at the workshop. The formal papers presented in the first part of the workshop have been distributed to participants under separate cover, but are referenced in this report by citations such as: (Jones, workshop presentation).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Johnson, R.L., and Segelquist, C.A., 1987, Results of a workshop concerning ecological zonation in bottomland hardwoods, 141 p.","productDescription":"141 p.","numberOfPages":"141","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e3e4b05ec1f2431c10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121395,"text":"70121395 - 1987 - Results of a workshop concerning impacts of various activities on the functions of bottomland hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T13:04:30","indexId":"70121395","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T12:56:07","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/15","title":"Results of a workshop concerning impacts of various activities on the functions of bottomland hardwoods","docAbstract":"Under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has regulatory responsibilities related to the discharge of dredged or fill material into the Nation’s waters. In addition to its advisory role in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers' permit program, EPA has a number of specific authorities, including formulation of the Section 404(b)(1) guidelines, use of Section 404(c) to prohibit disposal at particular sites, and enforcement actions for unauthorized discharges. A number of recent court cases focus on the geographic scope of Section 404 jurisdiction in potential bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetlands and the nature of landclearing activities in these areas that require a permit under Section 404. Accordingly, EPA needs to establish the scientific basis for implementing its responsibilities under Section 404 in bottomland hardwoods.
\nEPA is approaching this task through a series of workshops designed to provide current scientific information on bottomland hardwoods and to organize that information in a manner pertinent to key policy questions. The first two workshops in the series were originally conceived as technically oriented meetings that would provide the information necessary to develop policy options at the third workshop. More specifically, the first workshop was designed to examine a zonation concept as a means of characterizing different BLH communities and describing variations in their functions along a soil moisture gradient. The second workshop was perceived as an attempt to evaluate the impacts of various activities on those functions.
\nHowever, one conclusion of the first workshop, which was held in December 1984 in St. Francisville, Louisiana, was that the zonation approach does not describe the variability in the functions performed by BLH ecosystems sufficiently well to allow its use as the sole basis for developing a regulatory framework. That is, factors other than zone were considered critical for an effective characterization of the structure and functions of bottomland hardwoods.
\nThe approach to the second workshop, the results of which are described in this report, was therefore modified in response to the conclusions from the first workshop. The focus of the second workshop remained an analysis of the impacts of various activities or the functions of BLH ecosystems. However, as a prerequisite to this analysis, participants were also asked to develop a list of characteristics that determine the extent to which BLH sites perform the important functions.
\nThe workshop was organized such that alternating plenary and workgroup sessions allowed ample time for communication while still maintaining a focus on the overall goal. In the initial session, various individuals gave presentations concerning methodologies for evaluating the functions performed by wetlands, factors influencing the conversion of BLH forests to other uses, and the impacts of conversion activities. These were followed by a series of case study presentations designed to familiarize participants with the kinds of issues that are dealt with in the Section 404 program. These presentations are cited in this report as (author, workshop presentation).
\nAt the conclusion of these presentations, participants were divided into six workgroups to examine the functions of BLH ecosystems in the areas of hydrology, water quality, fisheries, wildlife, ecosystem processes, and culture/recreation/economics. Each workgroup was asked to undertake the following tasks.
\n1. Developed a list of functions performed by BLH ecosystems from the perspective of the workgroup's expertise and area of responsibility.
\n2. Identify those activities (e.g., impoundment construction, conversion to soybean farming) that impact the major functions (e.g., sediment retention, detrital export) performed by BLH ecosystems.
\n3. Develop a list of characteristics that determine the extent to which a BLH site performs each function and describe the relationship of each characteristic to the function.
\nDevelop, with supporting evidence where possible, an analysis of the impact of each activity (Task 2) on each characteristic (Task 3) and on each function as a whole.
\nUpon completion of Task 2, in an effort to provide some uniformity in the analysis by the various workgroups, EPA personnel and several participants met and compiled a complete list of all the activities identified as having significant impacts in bottomland hardwoods (Table 1). From this list the group derived a set of seven activities, and a number of specific actions associated with each, for analysis by the workgroups (Table 2). These activities were selected on the basis of their perceived importance in BLH ecosystems and their interest from the perspective of EPA. Each workgroup was also encourage to ass any activities of particular important from its perspective.
\nThe workgroup reports that follow document the results of discussion concerning the above tasks. The WORKSHOP SUMMARY attempts to summarize these workgroup results, discuss availability of information, and identify some problems that must be addressed prior to the third workshop in this series.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlidfe Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Horak, G.C., Johnson, R.L., and Segelquist, C.A., 1987, Results of a workshop concerning impacts of various activities on the functions of bottomland hardwoods, 171 p.","productDescription":"171 p.","numberOfPages":"171","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292783,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e4e4b05ec1f2431c15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Horak, Gerald C.","contributorId":96322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horak","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70121393,"text":"70121393 - 1987 - Results of a workshop concerning assessment of the functions of bottomland hardwoods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T12:53:18","indexId":"70121393","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T12:38:20","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/16","title":"Results of a workshop concerning assessment of the functions of bottomland hardwoods","docAbstract":"The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized under Section 404 of the Clean Water Act (33 U.S.C. 1344) to participate in the regulation of the discharge of dredged or fill material into waters of the United States. This regulatory authority is exercised in partnership with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, which has responsibility for permit issuance, and in consultation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the National Marine Fisheries Service. Through amendments to the original statute, a series of legal actions and court decisions, and the development of operating guidance among the responsible agencies, Section 404 has evolved into the primary mechanism afforded Federal authorities for the protection of wetlands.
\nEPA recognizes the importance of wetlands in achieving the goals of the Clean Water Act, which are to protect and maintain the chemical, physical, and biological integrity of the Nation’s waters. EPA Administrator Lee Thomas has identified wetlands protection as among the highest of Agency priorities. EPA recognizes that bottomland hardwood (BLH) wetlands have vital and unique attributes that, if lost, would severely impact the physical, chemical, and biological integrity of the Nation's waters. As part of a broad program to better protect the Nation's wetlands, EPA has therefore identified bottomland hardwood wetlands as a priority resource requiring special attention on a national basis.\n
Recognizing the importance of implementing an effective, nationally consistent, and scientifically defensible regulatory program, EPA, in October 1984, issued Interim Operating Guidance to its field personnel for implementing the Section 404 regulatory program in bottomland hardwood wetlands. With the goal of improving and finalizing that guidance, EPA is sponsoring a series of workshops designed to answer key questions concerning BLH wetlands, based on the best scientific and technical information currently available. The first two workshops were directed toward summarizing existing scientific and technical knowledge concerning the functions of BLH ecosystems, the characteristics that are important to each function, and the impact of various development activities on those characteristics.
\nThe first workshop, which was held in St. Francisville, Louisiana, in December, 1984, examined a wetland zonation concept as a framework for gaining a greater understanding of BLH structure and function. The workshop set out to determine whether characterization of BLH resources as a series of relatively distinct zones, defined by concomitant variation in hydrologic regime, soils, and vegetation, might provide the basis for a useful and scientifically sound regulatory framework. For examp1e, if certain zones are of particular importance to one or more wetland functions that the Clean Water Act was intended to protect, then the zonation concept might be useful from the perspective of how various activities should be regulated.
\nDiscussions during the first workshop, however, indicated that the zonation concept provides, at best, only an incomplete picture of the structure and function of BLH ecosystems. In many cases, BLH functions are not limited to or closely correlated with particular zones and, furthermore, many factors other than zone are important determinants of BLH functions.
\nWith these responses in mind, the second workshop, held at Lake Lanier, Georgia, in July, 1985, was designed to elicit information on two questions. First, if zones are not an adequate framework for understanding the functions of BLH systems, what characteristics (predictors) can be used to assess the extent to which a particular site performs these functions? And second, what are the impacts of various development activities that often occur in BLH ecosystems on those characteristics and thus on the functions themselves?
\nAt the second workshop, individual workgroups dealing with particular subject areas (e.g., hydrology, water quality, fisheries, wildlife, ecosystem processes, and cultural/recreational/economic resources) were able to identify site characteristics that are important determinants of the performance of various functions. For example, the Hydrology Workgroup identified flood storage as one of three major hydrologic functions that BLH ecosystems perform. The workgroup then identified the most important characteristic (e.g., surface area of the site, soil saturation, and others) that determine flood storage and the likely impact of several common activities (e.g., conversion to soybean production and levee construction) on these characteristics. Some of the workgroups also provided estimates of the aggregate impact of activities, acting through all of the characteristics, on certain functions. The workgroups also identified key characteristics that could be used to identify high-value wetlands for various functions.
\nIn addition, the workgroups pointed out a number of topics needing further examination and discussion. First, all of the workgroups identified the need to develop the technical basis and information sources to address the problem of cumulative impacts in the regulatory process. Second, most of the workgroups noted the important of contextual variables in assessing the function of a particular site. For example, the location of a BLH site in relationship to other tracts of habitat is an important variable for many wildlife species. Similarly, the extent to which a site retains or transforms contaminants is depended not only on the characteristics of the site, but also on its position in a watershed relative to contaminant inputs. And finally, several of the workgroups pointed out that assessing the impact of an activity on a function is not as simple as \"adding up\" the impact on individual characteristics, but may depend instead on complex interactions among characteristics. Addressing these questions, as summarized in the objectives and discussions that follow, was the focus of the third workshop, the results of which are described in this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Roelle, J.E., Auble, G.T., Hamilton, D.B., Johnson, R.L., and Segelquist, C.A., 1987, Results of a workshop concerning assessment of the functions of bottomland hardwoods, 173 p.","productDescription":"173 p.","numberOfPages":"173","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707e3e4b05ec1f2431c0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Richard L.","contributorId":32626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499027,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Segelquist, Charles A.","contributorId":27368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Segelquist","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70121887,"text":"70121887 - 1987 - Opportunities to protect instream flows in Colorado and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-25T09:40:40","indexId":"70121887","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T09:32:25","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Opportunities to protect instream flows in Colorado and Wyoming","docAbstract":"This document combines the efforts of several individuals, agencies, and organizations toward a common objective: the identification, description, and preliminary evaluation of promising opportunities for protecting instream uses of water under existing laws in Colorado and Wyoming.
\nThis report is intended for the use of State and Federal planning and management personnel who need an overview of potential opportunities for preserving instream flows. It is not intended to replace or challenge the advice of agency counsel, nor it is written to provide legal advice. Instead, it is designed as a guide for the person trying to find his or her way among sometimes bewildering State statues and administrative practices. This report is not, and should not be taken as, official policy or prediction of future actions by any agency. It is simply a summary of some potential opportunities for protecting instream uses.
\nToward these objectives, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, through its Water Resources Analysis Project, contracted in 1977 with Richard Dewsnup and Dallin Jensen to identify available strategies under State and Federal laws, interstate compacts, and water quality laws. A second firm, Enviro Control, Inc., was contracted to evaluate the most promising strategies. Two of the resulting documents were Instream Flow Strategies for Colorado and Instream Flow Strategies for Wyoming, which have been revised, updated, and combined in this report. Discussion of instream flow programs ad opportunities for each State--Colorado and Wyoming-- are written so that each report can be read independently, with minimal cross referencing from one State report to another.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildife Service, U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Trembly, T.L., 1987, Opportunities to protect instream flows in Colorado and Wyoming, 91 p.","productDescription":"91 p.","numberOfPages":"91","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado;Wyoming","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.04,36.99 ], [ -111.04,44.96 ], [ -102.04,44.96 ], [ -102.04,36.99 ], [ -111.04,36.99 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53fc4ddae4b0413fd75d6b01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Trembly, Terrence L.","contributorId":18690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trembly","given":"Terrence","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014169,"text":"70014169 - 1987 - Calculation of nonlinear confidence and prediction intervals for ground-water flow models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T13:20:53.841412","indexId":"70014169","displayToPublicDate":"1987-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calculation of nonlinear confidence and prediction intervals for ground-water flow models","docAbstract":"A method is derived to efficiently compute nonlinear confidence and prediction intervals on any function of parameters derived as output from a mathematical model of a physical system. The method is applied to the problem of obtaining confidence and prediction intervals for manually-calibrated ground-water flow models. To obtain confidence and prediction intervals resulting from uncertainties in parameters, the calibrated model and information on extreme ranges and ordering of the model parameters within one or more independent groups are required. If random errors in the dependent variable are present in addition to uncertainties in parameters, then calculation of prediction intervals also requires information on the extreme range of error expected. A simple Monte Carlo method is used to compute the quantiles necessary to establish probability levels for the confidence and prediction intervals. Application of the method to a hypothetical example showed that inclusion of random errors in the dependent variable in addition to uncertainties in parameters can considerably widen the prediction intervals.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00834.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., and Vecchia, A.V., 1987, Calculation of nonlinear confidence and prediction intervals for ground-water flow models: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 23, no. 4, p. 581-599, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1987.tb00834.x.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"581","endPage":"599","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225298,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2c4e4b0c8380cd4b355","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo V. 0000-0002-2661-4401","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2661-4401","contributorId":41810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121408,"text":"70121408 - 1987 - Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T14:14:19","indexId":"70121408","displayToPublicDate":"1987-07-01T13:56:03","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"NEC-87/17","title":"Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis","docAbstract":"The Garrison Diversion Unit (GDU) of the Pick-Sloan Missouri Basin program was authorized in 1965, with the purpose of diverting Missouri River water to the James River for irrigation, municipal and industrial water supply, fish and wildlife habitat, recreation, and flood control. The project was reauthorized in 1986, with the specification that comprehensive studies be conducted to address a variety of issues. One of these ongoing studies addresses potential impacts of GDU construction and operation on lands of the National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) system, including Arrowwood and Sand Lake Refuges (the Refuges) on the James River. A number of concerns at these Refuges have been identified; the primary concerns addressed in this report include increased winter return flows, which would limit control of rough fish; increased turbidity during project construction, which would decrease production of sago pondweed; and increased water level fluctuations in the late spring and early summer, which would destroy the nests of some over-water nesting birds.
\nThe facilitated workshop described in this report was conducted February 18-20, 1987, under the joint sponsorship of the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, and the North Dakota Game and Fish Department. The primary objectives of the workshop were to evaluate the feasibility of using simulation modeling techniques to estimate GDU impacts on Arrowwood and Sand Lake Refuges and to suggest enhancements to the James River Refuge monitoring program. The workshop was structured around the formulation of four submodels: a Hydrology and Water Quality submodel to simulate changes in Refuge pool elevations, turnover rates, and water quality parameters (e.g., total dissolved solids, turbidity, dissolved oxygen, nutrients, water temperature, pesticides) due to GDU construction and operation; a Vegetation submodel to simulate concomitant changes in wetland communities (e.g., sago pondweed, wet meadows, deep and shallow marsh); a Fish submodel to estimate changes in abundance or biomass of rough fish (carp, buffalo) and sportfish (northern pike); and a Wildlife submodel to calculate indices of waterfowl abundance or habitat suitability (e.g., for mallards, western grebes, migrating diving ducks, white-faced ibis, egrets, over-water nesters). Submodels considered weekly to monthly changes in pools within a Refuge over a time horizon of 30-50 years.
\nBased on workshop discussions and past experience with impact analysis modeling, a phased modeling approach was recommended for the James River Refuges analysis. The first phase would involve two modeling efforts. The existing Sand Lake hydrology model, and a similar one developed for Arrowwood NWR, would be validated and used to predict changes on pool elevations and winter inflows to each pool for a variety of GDU alternatives. Outputs from simulations would then be evaluated in terms of potential fish and wildlife impacts. For example, the models could generate indices comparing the magnitude and timing of winter inflows for pre- and postproject conditions; fisheries biologists could then use these indices to better quantify their concerns relative to potential changes in the frequency of rough-fish control. The other modeling effort in the first phase would involve developing a sago pondweed growth model to integrate Refuge monitoring data and existing literature and perhaps to address some questions concerning turbidity impacts. A second phase of simulation modeling would be undertaken only if the initial analyses of hydrologic outputs indicated significant potential problems and if monitoring and research projects had clarified some of the biological and physical processes that cannot be modeled reliably at the present time (e.g., resuspension of sediments by carp, immigration and winter mortality of fish, loss of waterfowl nests due to wave action). The second phase would attempt to develop an integrated impact assessment model.
\nIn order to address some of the biological and physical processes that presently are not well understood, a number of studies and enhancements to the Refuge monitoring program were suggested. The Hydrology and Water Quality workgroup recommended increasing turbidity and dissolved oxygen sampling, dropping expensive analysis of some trace elements, adding more pesticide analysis (including some biological monitoring), and developing better area-capacity data for the Sand Lake hydrology model. The Vegetation workgroup suggested expanding the number of monitoring stations, monitoring photosynthetically active radiation by depth, and modifying the biomass sampling procedure and schedule. Also suggested were additional analyses of existing Refuge monitoring data and additional field studies concerning sago growth under a variety of environmental conditions and effects of rough fish density on sago. A careful examination of Refuge narrative reports was recommended by the Fish workgroup to characterize conditions that led to various rates of winter-kill. Monitoring enhancement related to a better understanding of fish population dynamics included increasing dissolved oxygen monitoring, continuing present monitoring of fish movement upstream from Jamestown Reservoir into Arrowwood NWR, initiating similar efforts for upstream movement into Sand Lake NWR and downstream movements into both Refuges, and augmenting the present gillnetting program (or replacing it) with sampling for population and age/size structure estimates. The Wildlife workgroup suggested estimating the relative density of mallard nests in over-water and wet meadow nesting areas, estimating the number of western grebe nests lost due to wave action, delineating wet meadows on the Refuge vegetation maps, estimating annual tuber consumption by birds, and monitoring insect/macroinvertebrate abundance. The workgroup also suggested research studies to better understand the relationships between food supplies and the growth and survival of ducklings and young grebes.
\nthe workshop discussions also helped identify some suggestions for modifying project features that, if feasible from an engineering and operational standpoint, would reduce impacts on Refuge lands. These suggestions included: designing drains with control structures or small \"reregulation\" reservoirs to hold winter return flows that might adversely affect rough fish control, spreading construction activities over a number of years to reduce potential impacts of turbidity on sago pondweed in any single year, scheduling construction to occur after the spring sprouting and elongation growth stages to reduce impacts on sago pondweed, and installing \"quick acting\" control structures at Arrowwood NWR to reduce pool level fluctuations that might destroy nests of some over-water nesting waterfowl.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, D.B., Auble, G.T., Farmer, A.H., and Roelle, J.E., 1987, Modeling potential impacts of the Garrison Diversion Unit project on Sand Lake and Arrowwood National Wildlife Refuges: a feasibility analysis, 79 p.","productDescription":"79 p.","numberOfPages":"79","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292796,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707dfe4b05ec1f2431c03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, David B. hamiltond@usgs.gov","contributorId":193,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"David","email":"hamiltond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":499052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Auble, Gregor T. 0000-0002-0843-2751 aubleg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0843-2751","contributorId":2187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Auble","given":"Gregor","email":"aubleg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Farmer, Adrian H.","contributorId":107759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Farmer","given":"Adrian","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roelle, James E. roelleb@usgs.gov","contributorId":2330,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roelle","given":"James","email":"roelleb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":499054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}