{"pageNumber":"1943","pageRowStart":"48550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70034061,"text":"70034061 - 2010 - Propagule pressure and stream characteristics influence introgression: Cutthroat and rainbow trout in British Columbia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:44","indexId":"70034061","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Propagule pressure and stream characteristics influence introgression: Cutthroat and rainbow trout in British Columbia","docAbstract":"Hybridization and introgression between introduced and native salmonids threaten the continued persistence of many inland cutthroat trout species. Environmental models have been developed to predict the spread of introgression, but few studies have assessed the role of propagule pressure. We used an extensive set of fish stocking records and geographic information system (GIS) data to produce a spatially explicit index of potential propagule pressure exerted by introduced rainbow trout in the Upper Kootenay River, British Columbia, Canada. We then used logistic regression and the information-theoretic approach to test the ability of a set of environmental and spatial variables to predict the level of introgression between native westslope cutthroat trout and introduced rainbow trout. Introgression was assessed using between four and seven co-dominant, diagnostic nuclear markers at 45 sites in 31 different streams. The best model for predicting introgression included our GIS propagule pressure index and an environmental variable that accounted for the biogeoclimatic zone of the site (r2 = 0.62). This model was 1.4 times more likely to explain introgression than the next-best model, which consisted of only the propagule pressure index variable. We created a composite model based on the model-averaged results of the seven top models that included environmental, spatial, and propagule pressure variables. The propagule pressure index had the highest importance weight (0.995) of all variables tested and was negatively related to sites with no introgression. This study used an index of propagule pressure and demonstrated that propagule pressure had the greatest influence on the level of introgression between a native and introduced trout in a human-induced hybrid zone. ?? 2010 by the Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-0441.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Bennett, S., Olson, J., Kershner, J.L., and Corbett, P., 2010, Propagule pressure and stream characteristics influence introgression: Cutthroat and rainbow trout in British Columbia: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 1, p. 263-277, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0441.1.","startPage":"263","endPage":"277","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216752,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-0441.1"},{"id":244638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f14e4b0c8380cd7f588","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bennett, S.N.","contributorId":87784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"S.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, J.R.","contributorId":98976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kershner, J. L.","contributorId":100322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kershner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Corbett, P.","contributorId":54434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Corbett","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034064,"text":"70034064 - 2010 - Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-09T09:45:36","indexId":"70034064","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":923,"text":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA","docAbstract":"

Simultaneous real-time changes in mercury (Hg) speciation-reactive gaseous Hg (RGM), elemental Hg (Hg??), and fine particulate Hg (Hg-PM2.5), were determined from June to November 2007, in ambient air at three locations in rural Central Wisconsin. Known Hg emission sources within the airshed of the monitoring sites include: 1) a 1114 megawatt (MW) coal-fired electric utility generating station; 2) a Hg-bed chlor-alkali plant; and 3) a smaller (465 MW) coal-burning electric utility. Monitoring sites, showing sporadic elevation of RGM, Hgo and Hg-PM 2.5, were positioned at distances of 25, 50 and 100 km northward of the larger electric utility. A series of RGM events were recorded at each site. The largest, on 23 September, occurred under prevailing southerly winds, with a maximum RGM value (56.8 pg m-3) measured at the 100 km site, and corresponding elevated SO2 (10.41 ppbv; measured at 50 km site). The finding that RGM, Hgo, and Hg-PM2.5 are not always highest at the 25 km site, closest to the large generating station, contradicts the idea that RGM decreases with distance from a large point source. This may be explained if: 1) the 100 km site was influenced by emissions from the chlor-alkali facility or by RGM from regional urban sources; 2) the emission stack height of the larger power plant promoted plume transport at an elevation where the Hg is carried over the closest site; or 3) RGM was being generated in the plume through oxidation of Hgo. Operational changes at each emitter since 2007 should reduce their Hg output, potentially allowing quantification of the environmental benefit in future studies.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010","issn":"16807367","usgsCitation":"Kolker, A., Olson, M., Krabbenhoft, D., Tate, M., and Engle, M.A., 2010, Patterns of mercury dispersion from local and regional emission sources, rural Central Wisconsin, USA: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions, v. 10, no. 1, p. 1823-1846, https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010.","startPage":"1823","endPage":"1846","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475941,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-10-4467-2010","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244704,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a75dde4b0c8380cd77db3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolker, A. 0000-0002-5768-4533","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5768-4533","contributorId":10947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolker","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olson, M.L.","contributorId":21989,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krabbenhoft, David P. 0000-0003-1964-5020 dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1964-5020","contributorId":118001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krabbenhoft","given":"David P.","email":"dpkrabbe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":443889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tate, Michael T. 0000-0003-1525-1219 mttate@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1525-1219","contributorId":3144,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tate","given":"Michael T.","email":"mttate@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Engle, Mark A. 0000-0001-5258-7374 engle@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5258-7374","contributorId":584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engle","given":"Mark","email":"engle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70136060,"text":"70136060 - 2010 - Using ecological function to develop recovery criteria for depleted species: Sea otters and kelp forests in the Aleutian archipelago","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:41:00","indexId":"70136060","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1321,"text":"Conservation Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Using ecological function to develop recovery criteria for depleted species: Sea otters and kelp forests in the Aleutian archipelago","docAbstract":"Recovery criteria for depleted species or populations normally are based on demographic measures, the goal being to maintain enough individuals over a sufficiently large area to assure a socially tolerable risk of future extinction. Such demographically based recovery criteria may be insufficient to restore the functional roles of strongly interacting species. We explored the idea of developing a recovery criterion for sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in the Aleutian archipelago on the basis of their keystone role in kelp forest ecosystems. We surveyed sea otters and rocky reef habitats at 34 island-time combinations. The system nearly always existed in either a kelp-dominated or deforested phase state, which was predictable from sea otter density. We used a resampling analysis of these data to show that the phase state at any particular island can be determined at 95% probability of correct classification with information from as few as six sites. When sea otter population status (and thus the phase state of the kelp forest) was allowed to vary randomly among islands, just 15 islands had to be sampled to estimate the true proportion that were kelp dominated (within 10%) with 90% confidence. We conclude that kelp forest phase state is a more appropriate, sensitive, and cost-effective measure of sea otter recovery than the more traditional demographically based metrics, and we suggest that similar approaches have broad potential utility in establishing recovery criteria for depleted populations of other functionally important species.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01428.x","usgsCitation":"Estes, J.A., Tinker, M.T., and Bodkin, J.L., 2010, Using ecological function to develop recovery criteria for depleted species: Sea otters and kelp forests in the Aleutian archipelago: Conservation Biology, v. 24, no. 3, p. 852-860, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1523-1739.2009.01428.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"852","endPage":"860","ipdsId":"IP-013815","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349082,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2c7de4b08de9379b383e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":537110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":537108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033862,"text":"70033862 - 2010 - Morphologic dating of fault scarps using airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:32","indexId":"70033862","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Morphologic dating of fault scarps using airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data","docAbstract":"Models of fault scarp morphology have been previously used to infer the relative age of different fault scarps in a fault zone using labor-intensive ground surveying. We present a method for automatically extracting scarp morphologic ages within high-resolution digital topography. Scarp degradation is modeled as a diffusive mass transport process in the across-scarp direction. The second derivative of the modeled degraded fault scarp was normalized to yield the best-fitting (in a least-squared sense) scarp height at each point, and the signal-to-noise ratio identified those areas containing scarp-like topography. We applied this method to three areas along the San Andreas Fault and found correspondence between the mapped geometry of the fault and that extracted by our analysis. This suggests that the spatial distribution of scarp ages may be revealed by such an analysis, allowing the recent temporal development of a fault zone to be imaged along its length.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009GL042044","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Hilley, G., Delong, S., Prentice, C., Blisniuk, K., and Arrowsmith, J., 2010, Morphologic dating of fault scarps using airborne laser swath mapping (ALSM) data: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 37, no. 4, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL042044.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475933,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl042044","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":214296,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009GL042044"},{"id":242004,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5e36e4b0c8380cd70890","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilley, G.E.","contributorId":40396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hilley","given":"G.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Delong, S.","contributorId":6334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Delong","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Prentice, C.","contributorId":33107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blisniuk, K.","contributorId":86233,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blisniuk","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Arrowsmith, J.R. Jr.","contributorId":49669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arrowsmith","given":"J.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70033861,"text":"70033861 - 2010 - Individual and colony-specific wintering areas of Pacific northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-11-02T14:47:39.854648","indexId":"70033861","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Individual and colony-specific wintering areas of Pacific northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis)","docAbstract":"Seabird mortality associated with longline fishing in the eastern Bering Sea occurs mainly from September to May, with northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) comprising the majority (60%) of the bycatch. Along the west coast of North America, winter dieoffs of fulmars may be increasing in frequency and magnitude, the most severe on record being a wreck that peaked in October-November 2003. We deployed satellite transmitters on fulmars from the four main Alaska colonies and tracked individuals for up to 2 years. Fulmars from Hall Island (northern Bering Sea) moved to Russian coastal waters after breeding, while Pribilof Island fulmars (southeastern Bering Sea) remained relatively sedentary yearround. Birds from Chagulak Island (eastern Aleutians) preferred passes between the Aleutian Islands in winter or foraged widely over deep waters of the central Bering Sea and North Pacific. Fulmars from the Semidi Islands (western Gulf of Alaska) migrated directly to waters of the California Current. Individuals from St. George Island (Pribilofs) and Chagulak were consistent in the places that they visited in two successive winters. The Pribilof Islands population is most affected by winter longlining for groundfish, whereas the Semidi Islands colony sustains most of the natural mortality that occurs off Washington, Oregon, and California.","language":"English","publisher":"Canadian Science Publishing","doi":"10.1139/F09-184","issn":"0706652X","usgsCitation":"Hatch, S.A., Gill, V., and Mulcahy, D.M., 2010, Individual and colony-specific wintering areas of Pacific northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis): Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 67, no. 2, p. 386-400, https://doi.org/10.1139/F09-184.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"400","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438846,"rank":1,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P992BR5E","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Tracking Data for Northern Fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis)"},{"id":241970,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.201171875,\n 61.689872200460016\n ],\n [\n -165.673828125,\n 61.689872200460016\n ],\n [\n -171.03515625,\n 62.91523303947614\n ],\n [\n -176.044921875,\n 60.50052541051131\n ],\n [\n -175.869140625,\n 58.49369382056807\n ],\n [\n -174.111328125,\n 54.1109429427243\n ],\n [\n -171.650390625,\n 51.23440735163459\n ],\n [\n -167.16796875,\n 50.958426723359935\n ],\n [\n -158.81835937499997,\n 52.482780222078226\n ],\n [\n -154.51171875,\n 57.088515327886505\n ],\n [\n -159.345703125,\n 58.95000823335702\n ],\n [\n -166.201171875,\n 61.689872200460016\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"67","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3a9ae4b0c8380cd61dee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hatch, Scott A. 0000-0002-0064-8187 shatch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0064-8187","contributorId":2625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatch","given":"Scott","email":"shatch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gill, Verena A.","contributorId":140658,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gill","given":"Verena A.","affiliations":[{"id":6678,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Alaska Maritime National Wildlife Refuge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":442876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mulcahy, Daniel M. dmulcahy@usgs.gov","contributorId":3102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulcahy","given":"Daniel","email":"dmulcahy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033860,"text":"70033860 - 2010 - On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-10T10:17:20","indexId":"70033860","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1459,"text":"Ecological Monographs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems","docAbstract":"

The use of structural equation modeling (SEM) is often motivated by its utility for investigating complex networks of relationships, but also because of its promise as a means of representing theoretical concepts using latent variables. In this paper, we discuss characteristics of ecological theory and some of the challenges for proper specification of theoretical ideas in structural equation models (SE models). In our presentation, we describe some of the requirements for classical latent variable models in which observed variables (indicators) are interpreted as the effects of underlying causes. We also describe alternative model specifications in which indicators are interpreted as having causal influences on the theoretical concepts. We suggest that this latter nonclassical specification (which involves another variable type—the composite) will often be appropriate for ecological studies because of the multifaceted nature of our theoretical concepts.

In this paper, we employ the use of meta‐models to aid the translation of theory into SE models and also to facilitate our ability to relate results back to our theories. We demonstrate our approach by showing how a synthetic theory of grassland biodiversity can be evaluated using SEM and data from a coastal grassland. In this example, the theory focuses on the responses of species richness to abiotic stress and disturbance, both directly and through intervening effects on community biomass. Models examined include both those based on classical forms (where each concept is represented using a single latent variable) and also ones in which the concepts are recognized to be multifaceted and modeled as such. To address the challenge of matching SE models with the conceptual level of our theory, two approaches are illustrated, compositing and aggregation. Both approaches are shown to have merits, with the former being preferable for cases where the multiple facets of a concept have widely differing effects in the system and the latter being preferable where facets act together consistently when influencing other parts of the system. Because ecological theory characteristically deals with concepts that are multifaceted, we expect the methods presented in this paper will be useful for ecologists wishing to use SEM.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/09-0464.1","issn":"00129615","usgsCitation":"Grace, J.B., Anderson, T., Olff, H., and Scheiner, S., 2010, On the specification of structural equation models for ecological systems: Ecological Monographs, v. 80, no. 1, p. 67-87, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-0464.1.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"67","endPage":"87","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475914,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://research.rug.nl/en/publications/7c1539d0-3580-4f38-97e6-950647931c25","text":"External Repository"},{"id":241969,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"80","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6dfbe4b0c8380cd75428","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grace, James B. 0000-0001-6374-4726 gracej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6374-4726","contributorId":884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grace","given":"James","email":"gracej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, T. Michael","contributorId":78077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"T. Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Olff, Han","contributorId":221639,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Olff","given":"Han","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Scheiner, S.M.","contributorId":78165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scheiner","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033859,"text":"70033859 - 2010 - MTBE, TBA, and TAME attenuation in diverse hyporheic zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:49:38","indexId":"70033859","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"MTBE, TBA, and TAME attenuation in diverse hyporheic zones","docAbstract":"

Groundwater contamination by fuel-related compounds such as the fuel oxygenates methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), tert-butyl alcohol (TBA), and tert-amyl methyl ether (TAME) presents a significant issue to managers and consumers of groundwater and surface water that receives groundwater discharge. Four sites were investigated on Long Island, New York, characterized by groundwater contaminated with gasoline and fuel oxygenates that ultimately discharge to fresh, brackish, or saline surface water. For each site, contaminated groundwater discharge zones were delineated using pore water geochemistry data from 15 feet (4.5 m) beneath the bottom of the surface water body in the hyporheic zone and seepage-meter tests were conducted to measure discharge rates. These data when combined indicate that MTBE, TBA, and TAME concentrations in groundwater discharge in a 5-foot (1.5-m) thick section of the hyporheic zone were attenuated between 34% and 95%, in contrast to immeasurable attenuation in the shallow aquifer during contaminant transport between 0.1 and 1.5 miles (0.1 to 2.4 km). The attenuation observed in the hyporheic zone occurred primarily by physical processes such as mixing of groundwater and surface water. Biodegradation also occurred as confirmed in laboratory microcosms by the mineralization of U- 14C-MTBE and U- 14C-TBA to 14CO2 and the novel biodegradation of U- 14C-TAME to 14CO2 under oxic and anoxic conditions. The implication of fuel oxygenate attenuation observed in diverse hyporheic zones suggests an assessment of the hyporheic zone attenuation potential (HZAP) merits inclusion as part of site assessment strategies associated with monitored or engineered attenuation.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00608.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Landmeyer, J., Bradley, P.M., Trego, D., Hale, K., and Haas, J., 2010, MTBE, TBA, and TAME attenuation in diverse hyporheic zones: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 1, p. 30-41, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00608.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"41","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":241938,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":214238,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00608.x"}],"volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4affe4b0c8380cd691fd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":442867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trego, D.A.","contributorId":66930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trego","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hale, K.G.","contributorId":40436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hale","given":"K.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haas, J.E. II","contributorId":107113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haas","given":"J.E.","suffix":"II","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70043146,"text":"70043146 - 2010 - Anthropogenic influence on recent bathymetric change in west-central San Francisco Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-17T13:45:55.927734","indexId":"70043146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3331,"text":"San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Anthropogenic influence on recent bathymetric change in west-central San Francisco Bay","docAbstract":"

Two multibeam sonar surveys of west-central San Francisco Bay, California, were conducted in 1997 and 2008. Bathymetric change analysis between the two surveys indicates a loss of 14.1 million cubic meters (-3.1 cm/yr) of sediment during this time period, representing an approximately three-fold acceleration of the rate that was observed from prior depth change analysis from 1947 to 1979 for all of Central Bay, using more spatially coarse National Ocean Service (NOS) soundings. The portions of the overlapping survey areas between 1997 and 2008 designated as aggregate mining lease sites lost sediment at five times the rate of the remainder of west-central San Francisco Bay. Despite covering only 28% of the analysis area, volume change within leasing areas accounted for 9.2 million cubic meters of sediment loss, while the rest of the area lost 4.9 million cubic meters of sediment. The uncertainty of this recent analysis is more tightly constrained due to more stringent controls on vertical and horizontal position via tightly coupled, inertially aided differential Global Positioning Systems (GPS) solutions for survey vessel trajectory that virtually eliminate inaccuracies from traditional tide modeling and vessel motion artifacts. Further, quantification of systematic depth measurement error can now be calculated through comparison of static surfaces (e.g., bedrock) between surveys using seafloor habitat maps based on acoustic backscatter measurements and ground-truthing with grab samples and underwater video. Sediment loss in the entire San Francisco Bay Coastal System during the last half-century, as estimated from a series of bathymetric change studies, is 240 million cubic meters, and most of this is believed to be coarse sediment (i.e., sand and gravel) from Central Bay and the San Francisco Bar, which is likely to limit the sand supply to adjacent, open-coast beaches. This hypothesis is supported by a calibrated numerical model in a related study that indicates that there is a potential net export of sand-sized sediment across the Golden Gate, suggesting that a reduction in the supply of sand-sized sediment within west-central San Francisco Bay will limit transport to the outer coast.

","language":"English","publisher":"John Muir Institute of the Environment","doi":"10.15447/sfews.2010v8iss3art2","usgsCitation":"Barnard, P.L., and Kvitek, R.G., 2010, Anthropogenic influence on recent bathymetric change in west-central San Francisco Bay: San Francisco Estuary and Watershed Science, v. 8, no. 3, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2010v8iss3art2.","productDescription":"13 p.","numberOfPages":"13","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017582","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.15447/sfews.2010v8iss3art2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":383300,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.590942,37.397437 ], [ -122.590942,38.277001 ], [ -121.700363,38.277001 ], [ -121.700363,37.397437 ], [ -122.590942,37.397437 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"8","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"515bfddfe4b075500ee5ca1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnard, Patrick L. 0000-0003-1414-6476 pbarnard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1414-6476","contributorId":2880,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnard","given":"Patrick","email":"pbarnard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kvitek, Rikk G.","contributorId":107804,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvitek","given":"Rikk","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":473040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034318,"text":"70034318 - 2010 - Effects of egg order on organic and inorganic element concentrations and egg characteristics in tree swallows, tachycineta bicolor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T15:47:18","indexId":"70034318","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of egg order on organic and inorganic element concentrations and egg characteristics in tree swallows, tachycineta bicolor","docAbstract":"

The laying order of tree swallow eggs was identified from the Housatonic River, Berkshire County, Massachusetts, USA, and eggs were chemically analyzed individually to document possible effects of laying order on organic contaminant and inorganic element concentrations. Effects of laying order on other parameters such as egg weight, size, and lipid and moisture content also were assessed. Some effects of egg order on total polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were detected, but the effect was not uniform across individual females or between years. In 2004, clutches with higher total PCBs tended to have concentrations decline across egg order, whereas clutches with lower concentrations of PCBs tended to increase across egg order. In contrast, in 2005, there was a tendency for concentrations to increase across egg order. Polychlorinated biphenyl concentrations were highly variable within and among clutches in both years. The directionality of egg order associations (i.e., slopes) for trace elements was element dependent, was positive for Mn and Zn, was negative for B, and had no slope for Cr. Whole egg weight increased across egg order. Percentage lipid was variable within a clutch, with no pattern common across all females. Percentage lipid was also correlated with organic contaminant concentration. In highly contaminated environments, higher lipid content could have the unanticipated corollary of having higher concentrations of lipophilic contaminants such as PCBs. To reduce the effect of high variation within a clutch when assessing contamination exposure, it is recommended that two eggs per clutch be collected and pooled for chemical analysis. We further recommend that, as long as the two eggs are randomly collected, the additional effort needed to identify and collect specific eggs is not warranted.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.88","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Custer, C.M., Gray, B.R., and Custer, T.W., 2010, Effects of egg order on organic and inorganic element concentrations and egg characteristics in tree swallows, tachycineta bicolor: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 4, p. 909-921, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.88.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"921","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216702,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.88"},{"id":244588,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","county":"Berkshire","otherGeospatial":"Housatonic River","volume":"29","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06dae4b0c8380cd51449","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Custer, Christine M. 0000-0003-0500-1582 ccuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-1582","contributorId":1143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Christine","email":"ccuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445221,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gray, Brian R. 0000-0001-7682-9550 brgray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7682-9550","contributorId":2615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gray","given":"Brian","email":"brgray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Custer, Thomas W. 0000-0003-3170-6519 tcuster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3170-6519","contributorId":2835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Custer","given":"Thomas","email":"tcuster@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445222,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034319,"text":"70034319 - 2010 - Hydrodynamic modeling of juvenile mussel dispersal in a large river: The potential effects of bed shear stress and other parameters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034319","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrodynamic modeling of juvenile mussel dispersal in a large river: The potential effects of bed shear stress and other parameters","docAbstract":"Because unionid mussels have a parasitic larval stage, they are able to disperse upstream and downstream as larvae while attached to their host fish and with flow as juveniles after excystment from the host. Understanding unionid population ecology requires knowledge of the processes that affect juvenile dispersal prior to establishment. We examined presettlement (transport and dispersion with flow) and early postsettlement (bed shear stress) hydraulic processes as negative censoring mechanisms. Our approach was to model dispersal using particle tracking through a 3-dimensional flow field output from hydrodynamic models of a reach of the Upper Mississippi River. We tested the potential effects of bed shear stress (??b) at 5 flow rates on juvenile mussel dispersal and quantified the magnitude of these effects as a function of flow rate. We explored the reach-scale relationships of Froude number (Fr), water depth (H), local bed slope (S), and unit stream power (QS) with the likelihood of juvenile settling (??). We ran multiple dispersal simulations at each flow rate to estimate ??, the parameter of a Poisson distribution, from the number of juveniles settling in each grid cell, and calculated dispersal distances. Virtual juveniles that settled in areas of the river where b > critical shear stress (c) were resuspended in the flow and transported further downstream, so we ran simulations at 3 different conditions for ??c (??c = ??? no resuspension, 0.1, and 0.05 N/m2). Differences in virtual juvenile dispersal distance were significantly dependent upon c and flow rate, and effects of b on settling distribution were dependent upon c. Most simulations resulted in positive correlations between ?? and ??b, results suggesting that during early postsettlement, ??b might be the primary determinant of juvenile settling distribution. Negative correlations between ?? and ??b occurred in some simulations, a result suggesting that physical or biological presettlement processes might determine juvenile settling distributions. Field data are needed to test these hypotheses. Results support the idea that flow patterns and b can act as negative censoring mechanisms controlling settling distributions. Furthermore, a river reach probably has a quantifiable threshold range of flow rates. Above the upper threshold, ??b probably is the primary determinant of juvenile settling distribution. Relationships of ?? with H, Fr, S, and QS were relatively weak. Important physical processes that affect dispersal probably are not captured by approximations based on large-scale hydraulic parameters, such as Fr and H. ?? 2010 The North American Benthological Society.","largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the North American Benthological Society","language":"English","doi":"10.1899/09-118.1","issn":"08873593","usgsCitation":"Daraio, J., Weber, L., and Newton, T., 2010, Hydrodynamic modeling of juvenile mussel dispersal in a large river: The potential effects of bed shear stress and other parameters, in Journal of the North American Benthological Society, v. 29, no. 3, p. 838-851, https://doi.org/10.1899/09-118.1.","startPage":"838","endPage":"851","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216703,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1899/09-118.1"}],"volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a333de4b0c8380cd5ee52","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Daraio, J.A.","contributorId":51577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daraio","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, L.J.","contributorId":79988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Newton, T.J.","contributorId":104428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newton","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034320,"text":"70034320 - 2010 - Effects of simulated moose Alces alces browsing on the morphology of rowan Sorbus aucuparia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034320","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3766,"text":"Wildlife Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of simulated moose Alces alces browsing on the morphology of rowan Sorbus aucuparia","docAbstract":"In much of northern Sweden moose Alces alces browse rowan Sorbus aucuparia heavily and commonly revisit previously browsed plants. Repeated browsing of rowan by moose has created some concern for its long-term survival in heavily browsed areas. We therefore measured how four years of simulated moose browsing at four population densities (0, 10, 30 and 50 moose/1,000 ha) changed plant height, crown width, available bite mass, the number of bites per plant and per plant forage biomass of rowan saplings. Increased biomass removal led to a significant decline in plant height (P < 0.001), but a significant increase in the number of bites per plant (P = 0.012). Increases in the number of bites per plant more than compensated for weak decreases in bite mass, leading to a weak increase in per plant forage biomass (P = 0.072). With the decline in plant height and increase in the number of stems per plant, a greater number of bites remain within the height reach of moose relative to unbrowsed controls. Moose therefore stand to benefit from revisiting previously browsed plants, which may result in feeding loops between moose and previously browsed rowan saplings. ?? 2010 Wildlife Biology, NKV.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2981/09-105","issn":"09096396","usgsCitation":"Jager, N., and Pastor, J., 2010, Effects of simulated moose Alces alces browsing on the morphology of rowan Sorbus aucuparia: Wildlife Biology, v. 16, no. 3, p. 301-307, https://doi.org/10.2981/09-105.","startPage":"301","endPage":"307","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216735,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2981/09-105"},{"id":244621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"16","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a07cde4b0c8380cd5183b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jager, N.R.D.","contributorId":24196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jager","given":"N.R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pastor, J.","contributorId":25784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pastor","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034343,"text":"70034343 - 2010 - Methane hydrate synthesis from ice: Influence of pressurization and ethanol on optimizing formation rates and hydrate yield","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-14T12:50:08","indexId":"70034343","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1513,"text":"Energy and Fuels","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Methane hydrate synthesis from ice: Influence of pressurization and ethanol on optimizing formation rates and hydrate yield","docAbstract":"Polycrystalline methane gas hydrate (MGH) was synthesized using an ice-seeding method to investigate the influence of pressurization and ethanol on the hydrate formation rate and gas yield of the resulting samples. When the reactor is pressurized with CH4 gas without external heating, methane hydrate can be formed from ice grains with yields up to 25% under otherwise static conditions. The rapid temperature rise caused by pressurization partially melts the granular ice, which reacts with methane to form hydrate rinds around the ice grains. The heat generated by the exothermic reaction of methane hydrate formation buffers the sample temperature near the melting point of ice for enough time to allow for continuous hydrate growth at high rates. Surprisingly, faster rates and higher yields of methane hydrate were found in runs with lower initial temperatures, slower rates of pressurization, higher porosity of the granular ice samples, or mixtures with sediments. The addition of ethanol also dramatically enhanced the formation of polycrystalline MGH. This study demonstrates that polycrystalline MGH with varied physical properties suitable for different laboratory tests can be manufactured by controlling synthesis procedures or parameters. Subsequent dissociation experiments using a gas collection apparatus and flowmeter confirmed high methane saturation (CH 4·2O, with n = 5.82 ± 0.03) in the MGH. Dissociation rates of the various samples synthesized at diverse conditions may be fitted to different rate laws, including zero and first order.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"ACS Publications","doi":"10.1021/ef901403r","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Chen, P., Huang, W., and Stern, L.A., 2010, Methane hydrate synthesis from ice: Influence of pressurization and ethanol on optimizing formation rates and hydrate yield: Energy and Fuels, v. 24, no. 4, p. 2390-2403, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef901403r.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2390","endPage":"2403","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216643,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef901403r"},{"id":244526,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a552ae4b0c8380cd6d153","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Po-Chun.","contributorId":48413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Po-Chun.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huang, Wuu-Liang","contributorId":74597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huang","given":"Wuu-Liang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stern, Laura A. 0000-0003-3440-5674 lstern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3440-5674","contributorId":1197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stern","given":"Laura","email":"lstern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":445324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034370,"text":"70034370 - 2010 - Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for submarine groundwater discharge measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034370","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for submarine groundwater discharge measurements","docAbstract":"Submarine groundwater discharge (SGD) assessments were conducted both in the laboratory and at a field site in the northeastern Gulf of Mexico, using a continuous heat-type automated seepage meter (seepmeter). The functioning of the seepmeter is based on measurements of a temperature gradient in the water between downstream and upstream positions in its flow pipe. The device has the potential of providing long-term, high-resolution measurements of SGD. Using a simple inexpensive laboratory set-up, we have shown that connecting an extension cable to the seepmeter has a negligible effect on its measuring capability. Similarly, the observed influence of very low temperature (???3 ??C) on seepmeter measurements can be accounted for by conducting calibrations at such temperatures prior to field deployments. Compared to manual volumetric measurements, calibration experiments showed that at higher water flow rates (>28 cm day-1 or cm3 cm-2 day-1) an analog flowmeter overestimated flow rates by ???7%. This was apparently due to flow resistance, turbulence and formation of air bubbles in the seepmeter water flow tubes. Salinity had no significant effect on the performance of the seepmeter. Calibration results from fresh water and sea water showed close agreement at a 95% confidence level significance between the data sets from the two media (R2 = 0.98). Comparatively, the seepmeter SGD measurements provided data that are comparable to manually-operated seepage meters, the radon geochemical tracer approach, and an electromagnetic (EM) seepage meter. ?? 2009 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.001","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Mwashote, B., Burnett, W.C., Chanton, J., Santos, I., Dimova, N., and Swarzenski, P., 2010, Calibration and use of continuous heat-type automated seepage meters for submarine groundwater discharge measurements: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 87, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.001.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216559,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecss.2009.12.001"},{"id":244437,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f30fe4b0c8380cd4b59a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mwashote, B.M.","contributorId":27709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mwashote","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnett, W. C.","contributorId":39779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burnett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chanton, J.","contributorId":10641,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chanton","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Santos, I.R.","contributorId":94499,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Santos","given":"I.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dimova, N.","contributorId":66051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dimova","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swarzenski, P.W. 0000-0003-0116-0578","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0116-0578","contributorId":29487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swarzenski","given":"P.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70035550,"text":"70035550 - 2010 - Ensemble habitat mapping of invasive plant species","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70035550","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3300,"text":"Risk Analysis","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ensemble habitat mapping of invasive plant species","docAbstract":"Ensemble species distribution models combine the strengths of several species environmental matching models, while minimizing the weakness of any one model. Ensemble models may be particularly useful in risk analysis of recently arrived, harmful invasive species because species may not yet have spread to all suitable habitats, leaving species-environment relationships difficult to determine. We tested five individual models (logistic regression, boosted regression trees, random forest, multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS), and maximum entropy model or Maxent) and ensemble modeling for selected nonnative plant species in Yellowstone and Grand Teton National Parks, Wyoming; Sequoia and Kings Canyon National Parks, California, and areas of interior Alaska. The models are based on field data provided by the park staffs, combined with topographic, climatic, and vegetation predictors derived from satellite data. For the four invasive plant species tested, ensemble models were the only models that ranked in the top three models for both field validation and test data. Ensemble models may be more robust than individual species-environment matching models for risk analysis. ?? 2010 Society for Risk Analysis.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Risk Analysis","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01343.x","issn":"02724332","usgsCitation":"Stohlgren, T., Ma, P., Kumar, S., Rocca, M., Morisette, J., Jarnevich, C., and Benson, N., 2010, Ensemble habitat mapping of invasive plant species: Risk Analysis, v. 30, no. 2, p. 224-235, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01343.x.","startPage":"224","endPage":"235","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475842,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01343.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216505,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1539-6924.2009.01343.x"},{"id":244382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"30","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a097ee4b0c8380cd51f3d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stohlgren, T.J.","contributorId":7217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stohlgren","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ma, P.","contributorId":53194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451197,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, S.","contributorId":89843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kumar","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rocca, M.","contributorId":95300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rocca","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morisette, J.T.","contributorId":57029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morisette","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Jarnevich, C. S.","contributorId":54932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jarnevich","given":"C. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451198,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Benson, N.","contributorId":38238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benson","given":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451196,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70035548,"text":"70035548 - 2010 - Wintering area DDE source to migratory white-faced ibis revealed by satellite telemetry and prey sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T09:21:46","indexId":"70035548","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1479,"text":"Ecotoxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wintering area DDE source to migratory white-faced ibis revealed by satellite telemetry and prey sampling","docAbstract":"

Locations of contaminant exposure for nesting migratory species are difficult to fully understand because of possible additional sources encountered during migration or on the wintering grounds. A portion of the migratory white-faced ibis (Plegadis chihi) nesting at Carson Lake, Nevada continues to be exposed to dichloro-diphenyldichloro-ethylene (DDE) with no change, which is unusual, observed in egg concentrations between 1985 and 2000. About 45-63% of the earliest nesting segment shows reduced reproductive success correlated with elevated egg concentrations of >4 ??g/g wet weight (ww). Local prey (primarily earthworms) near nests contained little DDE so we tracked the migration and wintering movements of 20 adult males during 2000-2004 to determine the possible source. At various wintering sites, we found a correlation (r 2 = 0.518, P = 0.0125, N = 11) between DDE in earthworm composites and DDE in blood plasma of white-faced ibis wintering there, although the plasma was collected on their breeding grounds soon after arrival. The main source of DDE was wintering areas in the Mexicali Valley of Baja California Norte, Mexico, and probably the adjacent Imperial Valley, California, USA. This unusual continuing DDE problem for white-faced ibis is associated with: the long-term persistence in soil of DDE; the earthworms' ability to bioconcentrate DDE from soil; the proclivity of white-faced ibis to feed on earthworms in agricultural fields; the species's extreme sensitivity to DDE in their eggs; and perhaps its life history strategy of being a \"capital breeder\". We suggest surveying and sampling white-faced ibis eggs at nesting colonies, especially at Carson Lake, to monitor the continuing influence of DDE.

","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecotoxicology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10646-009-0400-8","issn":"09639292","usgsCitation":"Yates, M., Fuller, M.R., Henny, C.J., Seegar, W., and Garcia, J.H., 2010, Wintering area DDE source to migratory white-faced ibis revealed by satellite telemetry and prey sampling: Ecotoxicology, v. 19, no. 1, p. 153-162, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0400-8.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"153","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216481,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10646-009-0400-8"}],"volume":"19","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd166e4b08c986b32f3e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, M.A.","contributorId":79593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuller, Mark R. 0000-0001-7459-1729 mark_fuller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7459-1729","contributorId":2296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuller","given":"Mark","email":"mark_fuller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Henny, Charles J. 0000-0001-7474-350X hennyc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7474-350X","contributorId":3461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henny","given":"Charles","email":"hennyc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seegar, W.S.","contributorId":11301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seegar","given":"W.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Garcia, Jorge H.","contributorId":91714,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Jorge","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70035547,"text":"70035547 - 2010 - Importance of coastal change variables in determining vulnerability to sea- and lake-level change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:49","indexId":"70035547","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Importance of coastal change variables in determining vulnerability to sea- and lake-level change","docAbstract":"In 2001, the U.S. Geological Survey began conducting scientific assessments of coastal vulnerability to potential future sea- and lake-level changes in 22 National Park Service sea- and lakeshore units. Coastal park units chosen for the assessment included a variety of geological and physical settings along the U.S. Atlantic, Pacific, Gulf of Mexico, Gulf of Alaska, Caribbean, and Great Lakes shorelines. This research is motivated by the need to understand and anticipate coastal changes caused by accelerating sea-level rise, as well as lake-level changes caused by climate change, over the next century. The goal of these assessments is to provide information that can be used to make long-term (decade to century) management decisions. Here we analyze the results of coastal vulnerability assessments for several coastal national park units. Index-based assessments quantify the likelihood that physical changes may occur based on analysis of the following variables: tidal range, ice cover, wave height, coastal slope, historical shoreline change rate, geomorphology, and historical rate of relative sea- or lake-level change. This approach seeks to combine a coastal system's susceptibility to change with its natural ability to adapt to changing environmental conditions, and it provides a measure of the system's potential vulnerability to the effects of sea- or lake-level change. Assessments for 22 park units are combined to evaluate relationships among the variables used to derive the index. Results indicate that Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico parks have the highest vulnerability rankings relative to other park regions. A principal component analysis reveals that 99% of the index variability can be explained by four variables: geomorphology, regional coastal slope, water-level change rate, and mean significant wave height. Tidal range, ice cover, and historical shoreline change are not as important when the index is evaluated at large spatial scales (thousands of kilometers). ?? 2010 Coastal Education and Research Foundation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/08-1102.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Pendleton, E., Thieler, E., and Williams, S., 2010, Importance of coastal change variables in determining vulnerability to sea- and lake-level change: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 26, no. 1, p. 176-183, https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1102.1.","startPage":"176","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475799,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2112/08-1102.1","text":"External Repository"},{"id":216451,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/08-1102.1"},{"id":244322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3937e4b0c8380cd61849","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pendleton, E.A.","contributorId":9742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pendleton","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451184,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thieler, E.R. 0000-0003-4311-9717","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4311-9717","contributorId":93082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thieler","given":"E.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, S.J.","contributorId":85203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70033831,"text":"70033831 - 2010 - Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:31","indexId":"70033831","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3165,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value","docAbstract":"Protected areas are crucial for biodiversity conservation because they provide safe havens for species threatened by land-use change and resulting habitat loss. However, protected areas are only effective when they stop habitat loss within their boundaries, and are connected via corridors to other wild areas. The effectiveness of protected areas is threatened by development; however, the extent of this threat is unknown. We compiled spatially-detailed housing growth data from 1940 to 2030, and quantified growth for each wilderness area, national park, and national forest in the conterminous United States. Our findings show that housing development in the United States may severely limit the ability of protected areas to function as a modern \"Noah's Ark.\" Between 1940 and 2000, 28 million housing units were built within 50 km of protected areas, and 940,000 were built within national forests. Housing growth rates during the 1990s within 1 km of protected areas (20% per decade) outpaced the national average (13%). If long-term trends continue, another 17 million housing units will be built within 50 km of protected areas by 2030 (1 million within 1 km), greatly diminishing their conservation value. US protected areas are increasingly isolated, housing development in their surroundings is decreasing their effective size, and national forests are even threatened by habitat loss within their administrative boundaries. Protected areas in the United States are thus threatened similarly to those in developing countries. However, housing growth poses the main threat to protected areas in the United States whereas deforestation is the main threat in developing countries.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1073/pnas.0911131107","issn":"00278424","usgsCitation":"Radeloff, V.C., Stewart, S.I., Hawbaker, T., Gimmi, U., Pidgeon, A., Flather, C., Hammer, R.B., and Helmers, D., 2010, Housing growth in and near United States protected areas limits their conservation value: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, v. 107, no. 2, p. 940-945, https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911131107.","startPage":"940","endPage":"945","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487749,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2818924","text":"External Repository"},{"id":214320,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.0911131107"},{"id":242037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"107","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3240e4b0c8380cd5e651","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radeloff, V. C.","contributorId":58467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Radeloff","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, S. I.","contributorId":99779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hawbaker, T. J.","contributorId":98118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"T. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gimmi, U.","contributorId":57675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gimmi","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pidgeon, A.M.","contributorId":77372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pidgeon","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Flather, C.H.","contributorId":73161,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flather","given":"C.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hammer, R. B.","contributorId":77744,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hammer","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Helmers, D.P.","contributorId":45128,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helmers","given":"D.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":442747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034550,"text":"70034550 - 2010 - A Bayesian approach to identifying structural nonlinearity using free-decay response: Application to damage detection in composites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:39","indexId":"70034550","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2461,"text":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A Bayesian approach to identifying structural nonlinearity using free-decay response: Application to damage detection in composites","docAbstract":"This work discusses a Bayesian approach to approximating the distribution of parameters governing nonlinear structural systems. Specifically, we use a Markov Chain Monte Carlo method for sampling the posterior parameter distributions thus producing both point and interval estimates for parameters. The method is first used to identify both linear and nonlinear parameters in a multiple degree-of-freedom structural systems using free-decay vibrations. The approach is then applied to the problem of identifying the location, size, and depth of delamination in a model composite beam. The influence of additive Gaussian noise on the response data is explored with respect to the quality of the resulting parameter estimates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Sound and Vibration","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jsv.2010.02.004","issn":"0022460X","usgsCitation":"Nichols, J., Link, W., Murphy, K., and Olson, C., 2010, A Bayesian approach to identifying structural nonlinearity using free-decay response: Application to damage detection in composites: Journal of Sound and Vibration, v. 329, no. 15, p. 2995-3007, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.02.004.","startPage":"2995","endPage":"3007","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215860,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jsv.2010.02.004"},{"id":243692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"329","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e2c8e4b0c8380cd45c4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, J.M.","contributorId":18080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murphy, K.D.","contributorId":50004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, C.C.","contributorId":50374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"C.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70034578,"text":"70034578 - 2010 - Environmental conditions and biotic interactions influence ecosystem structure and function in a drying stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:40","indexId":"70034578","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental conditions and biotic interactions influence ecosystem structure and function in a drying stream","docAbstract":"Benthic consumers influence stream ecosystem structure and function, but these interactions depend on environmental context. We experimentally quantified the effects of central stoneroller minnows (Campostoma anomalum (Rafinesque) and Meek's crayfish (Orconectes meeki meeki (Faxon)) on benthic communities using electric exclusion quadrats in Little Mulberry Creek before (June) and during (August) seasonal stream drying. Unglazed ceramic tiles were deployed in June and August to measure periphyton and invertebrate abundance, and leafpack decomposition and primary production were also measured in August. Relationships between stoneroller and crayfish density and the size of consumer effects were evaluated with multiple linear regression models. Average chlorophyll a abundance was greater on exposed than exclusion tiles in August, but not in June. Sediment dry mass, periphyton ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and chironomid densities on tiles did not differ among treatments in either period. Leaf packs decayed faster in exposed than exclusion treatments (kexposed = 0.038 ?? 0.013, kexclusion = 0.007 ?? 0.002), but consumer effects were stronger in some pools than others. Leafpack invertebrate biomass and abundance and tile primary productivity did not differ among treatments. Consumer effects on chlorophyll a were related to crayfish and stoneroller density, and effects on chironomid density were related to stoneroller density. These results contrast with a previous exclusion experiment in Little Mulberry Creek that demonstrated strong consumer effects. The influence of stream drying on consumer effects appears to have been reduced by strong spates, underscoring the importance of conducting multi-year studies to determine the magnitude of variability in ecological interactions. ?? US Government: USGS 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrobiologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0102-5","issn":"00188158","usgsCitation":"Ludlam, J., and Magoulick, D., 2010, Environmental conditions and biotic interactions influence ecosystem structure and function in a drying stream: Hydrobiologia, v. 644, no. 1, p. 127-137, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0102-5.","startPage":"127","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":215832,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0102-5"},{"id":243659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"644","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a09a6e4b0c8380cd51fe0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ludlam, J.P.","contributorId":47605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ludlam","given":"J.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magoulick, D.D.","contributorId":80862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"D.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034593,"text":"70034593 - 2010 - Vadose zone attenuation of organic compounds at a crude oil spill site - Interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T10:26:50","indexId":"70034593","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vadose zone attenuation of organic compounds at a crude oil spill site - Interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport","docAbstract":"

Contaminant attenuation processes in the vadose zone of a crude oil spill site near Bemidji, MN have been simulated with a reactive transport model that includes multicomponent gas transport, solute transport, and the most relevant biogeochemical reactions. Dissolution and volatilization of oil components, their aerobic and anaerobic degradation coupled with sequential electron acceptor consumption, ingress of atmospheric O2, and the release of CH4 and CO2 from the smear zone generated by the floating oil were considered. The focus of the simulations was to assess the dynamics between biodegradation and gas transport processes in the vadose zone, to evaluate the rates and contributions of different electron accepting processes towards vadose zone natural attenuation, and to provide an estimate of the historical mass loss. Concentration distributions of reactive (O2, CH4, and CO2) and non-reactive (Ar and N2) gases served as key constraints for the model calibration. Simulation results confirm that as of 2007, the main degradation pathway can be attributed to methanogenic degradation of organic compounds in the smear zone and the vadose zone resulting in a contaminant plume dominated by high CH4 concentrations. In accordance with field observations, zones of volatilization and CH4 generation are correlated to slightly elevated total gas pressures and low partial pressures of N2 and Ar, while zones of aerobic CH4 oxidation are characterized by slightly reduced gas pressures and elevated concentrations of N2 and Ar. Diffusion is the most significant transport mechanism for gases in the vadose zone; however, the simulations also indicate that, despite very small pressure gradients, advection contributes up to 15% towards the net flux of CH4, and to a more limited extent to O2 ingress. Model calibration strongly suggests that transfer of biogenically generated gases from the smear zone provides a major control on vadose zone gas distributions and vadose zone carbon balance. Overall, the model was successful in capturing the complex interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport processes. However, despite employing a process-based modeling approach, honoring observed parameter ranges, and generally obtaining good agreement between field observations and model simulations, accurate quantification of natural attenuation rates remains difficult. The modeling results are affected by uncertainties regarding gas phase saturations, tortuosities, and the magnitude of CH4 and CO2 flux from the smear zone. These findings highlight the need to better delineate gas fluxes at the model boundaries, which will help constrain contaminant degradation rates, and ultimately source zone longevity.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.09.002","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Molins, S., Mayer, K., Amos, R., and Bekins, B.A., 2010, Vadose zone attenuation of organic compounds at a crude oil spill site - Interactions between biogeochemical reactions and multicomponent gas transport: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 112, no. 1-4, p. 15-29, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.09.002.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215594,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jconhyd.2009.09.002"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","city":"Bemidji","volume":"112","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0f7e4b08c986b32a3db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Molins, S.","contributorId":24589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Molins","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mayer, K.U.","contributorId":80891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mayer","given":"K.U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Amos, R.T.","contributorId":61630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amos","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":446552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bekins, Barbara A. 0000-0002-1411-6018 babekins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1411-6018","contributorId":1348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bekins","given":"Barbara","email":"babekins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":446554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70035393,"text":"70035393 - 2010 - Population dynamics of the sand shiner (notropis stramineus) in non-wadeable rivers of Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-16T16:31:55.328668","indexId":"70035393","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Population dynamics of the sand shiner (notropis stramineus) in non-wadeable rivers of Iowa","docAbstract":"

The sand shiner (Notropis stramineus) is a common cyprinid found throughout the Great Plains region of North America that plays an important ecological role in aquatic systems. This study was conducted to describe population dynamics of sand shiners including age structure, growth, mortality, and recruitment variability in 15 non-wadeable rivers in Iowa. Fish were collected during June-August (2007–2008) using a modified Missouri trawl, a seine, and boat-mounted electrofishing. Scales were removed for age and growth analysis. A total of 3,443 fish was sampled from 15 populations across Iowa, of which 676 were aged. Iowa's sand shiner populations consisted primarily of age-1 fish (53% of all fish sampled), followed by age-2 fish (30%), age-0 fish (15%), and age-3 fish (2%). Sand shiners grew an average of 38.5 mm (SE = 5.7) during their first year, 13.8 mm (4.5) during their second year, and 9.0 mm (6.9) during their third year. Total annual mortality varied from 35.0% to 92.3% among populations with a mean of 77.9% (0.2). Incremental mortality rates were 84.5% (0.2) between age 1 and age 2, and 92.0% (0.1) between age 2 and age 3. Recruitment was highly variable, as indicated by a mean recruitment variation index of-0.12 (0.54). Overall, the sand shiner was characterized by relatively low mean age, fast growth, high mortality, and high recruitment variability. Indices of sand shiner population dynamics were poorly correlated with habitat characteristics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor Francis","doi":"10.1080/02705060.2010.9664411","issn":"02705060","usgsCitation":"Smith, C.D., Neebling, T., and Quist, M., 2010, Population dynamics of the sand shiner (notropis stramineus) in non-wadeable rivers of Iowa: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 25, no. 4, p. 617-626, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.2010.9664411.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"617","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":383285,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ],\n [\n -96.83349609375,\n 43.61221676817573\n ],\n [\n -96.767578125,\n 42.65012181368022\n ],\n [\n -96.1962890625,\n 41.934976500546604\n ],\n [\n -95.8447265625,\n 41.343824581185686\n ],\n [\n -95.77880859375,\n 40.863679665481676\n ],\n [\n -95.44921875,\n 40.1452892956766\n ],\n [\n -95.11962890625,\n 39.80853604144591\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 39.85915479295669\n ],\n [\n -91.20849609375,\n 40.697299008636755\n ],\n [\n -90.966796875,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -90.37353515625,\n 41.590796851056005\n ],\n [\n -90.04394531249999,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -90.7470703125,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 42.97250158602597\n ],\n [\n -91.23046875,\n 43.48481212891603\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7d59e4b0c8380cd79ebe","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, C. D.","contributorId":29785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Neebling, T.E.","contributorId":101904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neebling","given":"T.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Quist, M.C. 0000-0001-8268-1839","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8268-1839","contributorId":62805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quist","given":"M.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035390,"text":"70035390 - 2010 - A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:56","indexId":"70035390","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2318,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements","docAbstract":"Process-based models of hillslope evolution require transport equations relating sediment flux to its major controls. An equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow was constructed by modifying an approach developed by Reeve (1982) and parameterizing it with measurements from single-drop laboratory experiments and simulated rainfall on a grassland in East Africa. The equation relates rain splash to hillslope gradient, the median raindrop diameter of a storm, and ground cover density; the effect of soil texture on detachability can be incorporated from other published results. The spatial and temporal applicability of such an equation for rain splash transport in the absence of overland flow on uncultivated hillslopes can be estimated from hydrological calculations. The predicted transport is lower than landscape-averaged geologic erosion rates from Kenya but is large enough to modify short, slowly eroding natural hillslopes as well as microtopographic interrill surfaces between which overland flow transports the mobilized sediment. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union. Copyright 2010 by the American Geophysical Union.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2009JF001302","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Dunne, T., Malmon, D., and Mudd, S., 2010, A rain splash transport equation assimilating field and laboratory measurements: Journal of Geophysical Research F: Earth Surface, v. 115, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001302.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475804,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jf001302","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":215102,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JF001302"},{"id":242876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-01-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e528e4b0c8380cd46b84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dunne, T.","contributorId":25695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Malmon, D.V.","contributorId":22960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Malmon","given":"D.V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mudd, S.M.","contributorId":19377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mudd","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035236,"text":"70035236 - 2010 - Quantifying the behavioral response of spawning chum salmon to elevated discharges from Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T17:57:07","indexId":"70035236","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3301,"text":"River Research and Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantifying the behavioral response of spawning chum salmon to elevated discharges from Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, USA","docAbstract":"Chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta that spawn in main-stem habitats below Bonneville Dam on the Columbia River, USA, are periodically subjected to elevated discharges that may alter spawning behaviour. We investigated behavioural responses of spawning chum salmon to increased water velocities associated with experimental increases in tailwater elevation using acoustic telemetry and a dual-frequency identification sonar. Chum salmon primarily remained near their redds at base tailwater elevations (3.5 m above mean sea level), but displayed different movement and behavioural responses as elevations were increased to either 4.1 or 4.7m for 8-h periods. When velocities remained suitable (<0.8m s-1) during elevated-tailwater tests, female chum salmon remained near their redds but exhibited reduced digging activity as water velocities increased. However, when velocities exceeded 0.8m s-1, the females that remained on their redds exhibited increased swimming activity and digging virtually ceased. Female and male chum salmon that left their redds when velocities became unsuitable moved mean distances ranging from 32 to 58 m to occupy suitable velocities, but returned to their redds after tailwaters returned to base levels. Spawning events (i.e. egg deposition) were observed for five of nine pairs of chum salmon following tests indicating any disruptions to normal behaviour caused by elevated tailwaters were likely temporary. We believe a chum salmon's decision to either remain on, or leave, its redd during periods of unsuitably high water velocities reflects time invested in the redd and the associated energetic costs it is willing to incur. ?? 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/rra.1248","issn":"15351459","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K., Haskell, C.A., and Kock, T., 2010, Quantifying the behavioral response of spawning chum salmon to elevated discharges from Bonneville Dam, Columbia River, USA: River Research and Applications, v. 26, no. 2, p. 87-101, https://doi.org/10.1002/rra.1248.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"87","endPage":"101","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":243003,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":215216,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/rra.1248"}],"volume":"26","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-02-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a91e3e4b0c8380cd80516","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, K.F.","contributorId":19327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":449848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haskell, C. A.","contributorId":94082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haskell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kock, T.J.","contributorId":39578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kock","given":"T.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":449849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035295,"text":"70035295 - 2010 - Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-09T15:29:31","indexId":"70035295","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise","docAbstract":"Tidal freshwater forests in coastal regions of the southeastern United States are undergoing dieback and retreat from increasing tidal inundation and saltwater intrusion attributed to climate variability and sea-level rise. In many areas, tidal saltwater forests (mangroves) contrastingly are expanding landward in subtropical coastal reaches succeeding freshwater marsh and forest zones. Hydrological characteristics of these low-relief coastal forests in intertidal settings are dictated by the influence of tidal and freshwater forcing. In this paper, we describe the application of the Sea Level Over Proportional Elevation (SLOPE) model to predict coastal forest retreat and migration from projected sea-level rise based on a proxy relationship of saltmarsh/mangrove area and tidal range. The SLOPE model assumes that the sum area of saltmarsh/mangrove habitat along any given coastal reach is determined by the slope of the landform and vertical tide forcing. Model results indicated that saltmarsh and mangrove migration from sea-level rise will vary by county and watershed but greater in western Gulf States than in the eastern Gulf States where millions of hectares of coastal forest will be displaced over the next century with a near meter rise in relative sea level alone. Substantial losses of coastal forests will also occur in the eastern Gulf but mangrove forests in subtropical zones of Florida are expected to replace retreating freshwater forest and affect regional biodiversity. Accelerated global eustacy from climate change will compound the degree of predicted retreat and migration of coastal forests with expected implications for ecosystem management of State and Federal lands in the absence of adaptive coastal management.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.023","issn":"03781127","usgsCitation":"Doyle, T., Krauss, K., Conner, W., and From, A., 2010, Predicting the retreat and migration of tidal forests along the northern Gulf of Mexico under sea-level rise: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 259, no. 4, p. 770-777, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.10.023.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"770","endPage":"777","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":242936,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Florida, Louisiana, Mississippi, Texas","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 25.284437746983055\n ],\n [\n -83.232421875,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -84.814453125,\n 30.41078179084589\n ],\n [\n -88.681640625,\n 30.751277776257812\n ],\n [\n -91.1865234375,\n 30.107117887092357\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 29.954934549656144\n ],\n [\n -98.1298828125,\n 27.761329874505233\n ],\n [\n -97.2509765625,\n 25.878994400196202\n ],\n [\n -80.8154296875,\n 25.284437746983055\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"259","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81d8e4b0c8380cd7b781","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Doyle, T.W. 0000-0001-5754-0671","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5754-0671","contributorId":16783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doyle","given":"T.W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krauss, K. W. 0000-0003-2195-0729","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2195-0729","contributorId":19517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krauss","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":450060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conner, W.H.","contributorId":54165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conner","given":"W.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"From, A.S. 0000-0002-6543-2627","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6543-2627","contributorId":34346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"From","given":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":450061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193020,"text":"70193020 - 2010 - Geometric evaluation and validation of aerial and satellite data using Sioux Falls Geometric test range","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-23T09:18:36","indexId":"70193020","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Geometric evaluation and validation of aerial and satellite data using Sioux Falls Geometric test range","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"ASPRS 2010 Annual Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"ASPRS 2010 Annual Conference","conferenceDate":"April 26-30, 210","conferenceLocation":"San Diego, CA","language":"English","publisher":"ASPRS 2010 Annual Conference","usgsCitation":"Sampath, A., Moe, D., Christopherson, J., and Stensaas, G.L., 2010, Geometric evaluation and validation of aerial and satellite data using Sioux Falls Geometric test range, in ASPRS 2010 Annual Conference, San Diego, CA, April 26-30, 210, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-020208","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":4,"text":"Rolla PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610acfe4b06e28e9c256f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sampath, Aparajithan 0000-0002-6922-4913 asampath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6922-4913","contributorId":3622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sampath","given":"Aparajithan","email":"asampath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":717675,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moe, Donald dmoe@usgs.gov","contributorId":3761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moe","given":"Donald","email":"dmoe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":725218,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Christopherson, Jon 0000-0002-2472-0059 jonchris@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2472-0059","contributorId":2552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christopherson","given":"Jon","email":"jonchris@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stensaas, Gregory L. 0000-0001-6679-2416 stensaas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6679-2416","contributorId":2551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stensaas","given":"Gregory","email":"stensaas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":725220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}