{"pageNumber":"1945","pageRowStart":"48600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184617,"records":[{"id":70037439,"text":"70037439 - 2010 - Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037439","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska","docAbstract":"Albatrosses (Diomedeidae) are the most threatened family of birds globally. The three North Pacific species (Phoebastria Reichenbach, 1853) are listed as either endangered or vulnerable, with the population of Short-tailed Albatross (Phoebastria albatrus (Pallas, 1769)) less than 1% of its historical size. All North Pacific albatross species do not currently breed sympatrically, yet they do co-occur at-sea during the nonbreeding season. We incorporated stable isotope analysis with the first simultaneous satellite-tracking study of all three North Pacific albatross species while sympatric on summer (nonbreeding season) foraging grounds off Alaska. Carbon isotope ratios and tracking data identify differences in primary foraging domains of continental shelf and slope waters for Short-tailed Albatrosses and Black-footed Albatrosses (Phoebastria nigripes (Audubon, 1839)) versus oceanic waters for Laysan Albatrosses (Phoebastria immutabilis (Roths-child, 1893)). Short-tailed and Black-footed albatrosses also fed at higher trophic levels than Laysan Albatrosses. The relative trophic position of Black-footed and Laysan albatrosses, however, appears to differ between nonbreeding and breeding seasons. Spatial segregation also occurred at a broader geographic scale, with Short-tailed Albatrosses ranging more north into the Bering Sea than Black-footed Albatrosses, which ranged more to the southeast, and Laysan Albatrosses more to the southwest. Differences in carbon isotope ratios among North Pacific albatross species during the nonbreeding season likely reflect the relative proportion of neritic (more carbon enriched) versus oceanic (carbon depleted) derived nutrients, and possible differential use of fishery discards, rather than latitudinal differences in distribution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/Z10-002","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Suryan, R., and Fischer, K., 2010, Stable isotope analysis and satellite tracking reveal interspecific resource partitioning of nonbreeding albatrosses off Alaska: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 88, no. 3, p. 299-305, https://doi.org/10.1139/Z10-002.","startPage":"299","endPage":"305","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217351,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/Z10-002"},{"id":245295,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9669e4b08c986b31b4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suryan, R.M.","contributorId":52919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suryan","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fischer, K.N.","contributorId":32360,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"K.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70036131,"text":"70036131 - 2010 - Impacts of hikers on aquatic invertebrates in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70036131","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3451,"text":"Southwestern Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Impacts of hikers on aquatic invertebrates in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Utah","docAbstract":"Effects of in-stream hiking on benthic standing stocks and drifting aquatic invertebrates and on organic matter were examined in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Zion National Park, Washington County, Utah. Densities of drifting aquatic invertebrates and organic matter increased with increasing numbers of hikers and reached a threshold level at high numbers of hikers. However, there was no apparent longer-term effect on standing stocks of benthic invertebrates or on organic matter. Densities of benthic invertebrates and organic matter did not differ among sites. Results suggest that in-stream hiking in the North Fork of the Virgin River increases drifting by invertebrates, but invertebrates from nearby undisturbed patches readily colonize impacted reaches.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southwestern Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1894/JS-33.1","issn":"00384909","usgsCitation":"Caires, A., Vinson, M., and Brasher, A., 2010, Impacts of hikers on aquatic invertebrates in the North Fork of the Virgin River, Utah: Southwestern Naturalist, v. 55, no. 4, p. 551-557, https://doi.org/10.1894/JS-33.1.","startPage":"551","endPage":"557","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218245,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1894/JS-33.1"},{"id":246238,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a38ede4b0c8380cd61733","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caires, A.M.","contributorId":107542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caires","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vinson, M.R.","contributorId":44755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vinson","given":"M.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brasher, A.M.D.","contributorId":8213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brasher","given":"A.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037570,"text":"70037570 - 2010 - Predictions of turbidity due to enhanced sediment resuspension resulting from sea-level rise on a fringing Coral Reef: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037570","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictions of turbidity due to enhanced sediment resuspension resulting from sea-level rise on a fringing Coral Reef: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Accelerating sea-level rise associated with global climate change will affect sedimentary processes on coral reefs and other shoreline environments by increasing energy and sediment resuspension. On reefs, sedimentation is known to increase coral stress and bleaching as particles that settle on coral surfaces interfere with photosynthesis and feeding, and turbidity induced by suspended sediment reduces incident light levels. Using relationships developed from observations of wave orbital velocity, water-surface elevation, and suspended-sediment concentration on a fringing reef flat of Molokai, Hawaii, predictions of the average daily maximum in suspended-sediment concentration increase from ~11 mg/l to ~20 mg/l with 20 cm sea-level rise. The duration of time concentrations exceeds 10 mg/l increases from 9 to 37. An evaluation of the reduction of wave energy flux through breaking and frictional dissipation across the reef flat shows an increase of ~80 relative to the present will potentially reach the shoreline as sea level increases by 20 cm. Where the shoreline exists on low, flat terrain, the increased energy could cause significant erosion of the shoreline. Considering the sediment budget, the sediment flux is predicted to increase and removal of fine-grained sediment may be expedited on some fringing reefs, and sediment in storage on the inner reef could ultimately be reduced. However, increased shoreline erosion may add sediment and offset removal from the reef flat. The shifts in sediment availability and transport that will occur as result of a modest increase in sea level have wide application to fringing coral reefs elsewhere, as well as other shoreline environments. ?? 2010 the Coastal Education & Research Foundation (CERF).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Coastal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00064.1","issn":"07490208","usgsCitation":"Ogston, A., and Field, M., 2010, Predictions of turbidity due to enhanced sediment resuspension resulting from sea-level rise on a fringing Coral Reef: Evidence from Molokai, Hawaii: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 26, no. 6, p. 1027-1037, https://doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00064.1.","startPage":"1027","endPage":"1037","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246009,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218032,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2112/JCOASTRES-D-09-00064.1"}],"volume":"26","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a81fce4b0c8380cd7b836","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ogston, A.S.","contributorId":86920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ogston","given":"A.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Field, M.E.","contributorId":27052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037440,"text":"70037440 - 2010 - On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:08","indexId":"70037440","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment","docAbstract":"Native tree plots have been established in river irrigation districts in the western U.S. to provide habitat for threatened and endangered birds. Information is needed on the effective irrigation requirements of the target species. Cottonwood (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix gooddingii) trees were grown for seven years in an outdoor plot in a desert environment in Tucson, Arizona. Plants were allowed to achieve a nearly complete canopy cover over the first four years, then were subjected to three daily summer irrigation schedules of 6.20??mm??d<sup>-1</sup>; 8.26??mm??d<sup>-1</sup> and 15.7??mm??d<sup>-1</sup>. The lowest irrigation rate was sufficient to maintain growth and high leaf area index for cottonwoods over three years, while willows suffered considerable die-back on this rate in years six and seven. These irrigation rates were applied April 15-September 15, but only 0.88??mm??d<sup>-1</sup> was applied during the dormant period of the year. Expressed as a fraction of reference crop evapotranspiration (ET<sub>o</sub>), recommended annual water applications plus precipitation (and including some deep drainage) were 0.83 ET<sub>o</sub> for cottonwood and 1.01 ET<sub>o</sub> for willow. Current practices tend to over-irrigate restoration plots, and this study can provide guidelines for more efficient water use. ?? 2010 Elsevier Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.12.007","issn":"01401963","usgsCitation":"Hartwell, S., Morino, K., Nagler, P., and Glenn, E.P., 2010, On the irrigation requirements of cottonwood (Populus fremontii and Populus deltoides var. wislizenii) and willow (Salix gooddingii) grown in a desert environment: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 74, no. 6, p. 667-674, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.12.007.","startPage":"667","endPage":"674","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217352,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jaridenv.2009.12.007"},{"id":245296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"74","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6ddbe4b0c8380cd7536b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hartwell, S.","contributorId":49636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hartwell","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morino, K.","contributorId":10614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nagler, P.L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":29937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Glenn, E. P.","contributorId":24463,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"E.","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046754,"text":"dds49123 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Mean Annual R-factor, 1971-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:08:46","indexId":"dds49123","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-23","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Mean Annual R-factor, 1971-2000","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents the average annual R-factor, rainfall-runoff erosivity measure, compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data are from Christopher Daly of the Spatial Climate Analysis Service, Oregon State University, and George Taylor of the Oregon Climate Service, Oregon State University (2002). The ERF1_2 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49123","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Mean Annual R-factor, 1971-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-23, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49123.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274402,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274401,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_rfact30.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e3e4b0ca18483389f3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034072,"text":"70034072 - 2010 - Effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope ratios in avian egg yolk: Is arithmetic correction a reliable alternative?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T11:56:19","indexId":"70034072","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope ratios in avian egg yolk: Is arithmetic correction a reliable alternative?","docAbstract":"Many studies of nutrient allocation to egg production in birds use stable isotope ratios of egg yolk to identify the origin of nutrients. Dry egg yolk contains &gt;50% lipids, which are known to be depleted in <sup>13</sup>C. Currently, researchers remove lipids from egg yolk using a chemical lipid-extraction procedure before analyzing the isotopic composition of protein in egg yolk. We examined the effects of chemical lipid extraction on ??<sup>13</sup>C, ??<sup>15</sup>N, and ??<sup>34</sup>S of avian egg yolk and explored the utility of an arithmetic lipid correction model to adjust whole yolk ??<sup>13</sup>C for lipid content. We analyzed the dried yolk of 15 captive Spectacled Eider (Somateriafischeri) and 20 wild King Eider (S. spectabilis) eggs, both as whole yolk and after lipid extraction with a 2:1 chloroform:methanol solution. We found that chemical lipid extraction leads to an increase of (mean ?? SD) 3.3 ?? 1.1% in ??<sup>13</sup>C, 1.1 ?? 0.5% in ??<sup>15</sup>N, and 2.3 ?? 1.1% in ??<sup>34</sup>S. Arithmetic lipid correction provided accurate values for lipid-extracted S13C in captive Spectacled Eiders fed on a homogeneous high-quality diet. However, arithmetic lipid correction was unreliable for wild King Eiders, likely because of their differential incorporation of macronutrients from isotopically distinct environments during migration. For that reason, we caution against applying arithmetic lipid correction to the whole yolk ??<sup>13</sup>C of migratory birds, because these methods assume that all egg macronutrients are derived from the same dietary sources. ?? 2010 The American Ornithologists' Union.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.09153","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Oppel, S., Federer, R., O’Brien, D.M., Powell, A., and Hollmén, T., 2010, Effects of lipid extraction on stable isotope ratios in avian egg yolk: Is arithmetic correction a reliable alternative?: The Auk, v. 127, no. 1, p. 72-78, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.09153.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"78","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244834,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0746e4b0c8380cd51613","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oppel, S.","contributorId":44001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oppel","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Federer, R.N.","contributorId":86599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Federer","given":"R.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Brien, D. M.","contributorId":39203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powell, A.N.","contributorId":66194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powell","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hollmén, Tuula E.","contributorId":32112,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hollmén","given":"Tuula E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70034001,"text":"70034001 - 2010 - Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-20T10:11:21","indexId":"70034001","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem","docAbstract":"<p>While many wildlife species are threatened, some populations have recovered from previous overexploitation, and data linking these population increases with disease dynamics are limited. We present data suggesting that free-ranging elk (Cervus elaphus) are a maintenance host for Brucella abortus in new areas of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem (GYE). Brucellosis seroprevalence in free-ranging elk increased from 0-7% in 1991-1992 to 8-20% in 2006-2007 in four of six herd units around the GYE. These levels of brucellosis are comparable to some herd units where elk are artificially aggregated on supplemental feeding grounds. There are several possible mechanisms for this increase that we evaluated using statistical and population modeling approaches. Simulations of an age-structured population model suggest that the observed levels of seroprevalence are unlikely to be sustained by dispersal from supplemental feeding areas with relatively high seroprevalence or an older age structure. Increases in brucellosis seroprevalence and the total elk population size in areas with feeding grounds have not been statistically detectable. Meanwhile, the rate of seroprevalence increase outside the feeding grounds was related to the population size and density of each herd unit. Therefore, the data suggest that enhanced elk-to-elk transmission in free-ranging populations may be occurring due to larger winter elk aggregations. Elk populations inside and outside of the GYE that traditionally did not maintain brucellosis may now be at risk due to recent population increases. In particular, some neighboring populations of Montana elk were 5-9 times larger in 2007 than in the 1970s, with some aggregations comparable to the Wyoming feeding-ground populations. Addressing the unintended consequences of these increasing populations is complicated by limited hunter access to private lands, which places many ungulate populations out of administrative control. Agency-landowner hunting access partnerships and the protection of large predators are two management strategies that may be used to target high ungulate densities in private refuges and reduce the current and future burden of disease.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Applications","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1890/08-2062.1","issn":"10510761","usgsCitation":"Cross, P.C., Cole, E., Dobson, A.P., Edwards, W., Hamlin, K., Luikart, G., Middleton, A., Scurlock, B., and White, P., 2010, Probable causes of increasing brucellosis in free-ranging elk of the Greater Yellowstone Ecosystem: Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 1, p. 278-288, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2062.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"278","endPage":"288","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498901,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1890/08-2062.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216863,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/08-2062.1"},{"id":244761,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"20","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8cc0e4b0c8380cd7e881","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cross, Paul C. 0000-0001-8045-5213 pcross@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8045-5213","contributorId":2709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cross","given":"Paul","email":"pcross@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":443600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, E.K.","contributorId":9087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dobson, A. P.","contributorId":9992,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dobson","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, W.H.","contributorId":43718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"W.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hamlin, K.L.","contributorId":37174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Luikart, G.","contributorId":25515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luikart","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Middleton, A.D.","contributorId":93730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Scurlock, B.M.","contributorId":44742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scurlock","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"White, P.J.","contributorId":91436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"P.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70037602,"text":"70037602 - 2010 - Growth, condition factor, and bioenergetics modeling link warmer stream temperatures below a small dam to reduced performance of juvenile steelhead","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:06","indexId":"70037602","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2900,"text":"Northwest Science","onlineIssn":"2161-9859","printIssn":"0029-344X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth, condition factor, and bioenergetics modeling link warmer stream temperatures below a small dam to reduced performance of juvenile steelhead","docAbstract":"We investigated the growth and feeding performance of juvenile steelhead Oncorhynchus mykiss using field measures and bioenergetics modeling. Juvenile steelhead populations were sampled from mid-June through August 2004 at study sites upstream and downstream of Hemlock Dam. The growth and diet of juvenile steelhead were determined for a warm (summer) and subsequent (late summer) transitional period at each study site. Empirical data on the growth and diet of juvenile steelhead and mean daily temperatures were used in a bioenergetics model to estimate the proportion of maximum consumption achieved by juvenile steelhead by site and period. Modeled estimates of feeding performance were better for juvenile steelhead at the upstream compared to the downstream site during both periods. The median condition factor of juvenile steelhead did not change over the summer at the upstream site, but showed a significant decline over time at the downstream site. A negative trend in median condition factor at the downstream site supported bioenergetics modeling results that suggested the warmer stream temperatures had a negative impact on juvenile steelhead. Bioenergetics modeling predicted a lower feeding performance for juvenile steelhead rearing downstream compared to upstream of Hemlock Dam although food availability appeared to be limited at both study sites during the warm period. Warmer water temperatures, greater diel variation, and change in diel pattern likely led to the reduced feeding performance and reduced growth, which could have affected the overall survival of juvenile steelhead downstream of Hemlock Dam. ?? 2010 by the Northwest Scientific Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Northwest Science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.3955/046.084.0406","issn":"0029344X","usgsCitation":"Sauter, S., and Connolly, P., 2010, Growth, condition factor, and bioenergetics modeling link warmer stream temperatures below a small dam to reduced performance of juvenile steelhead: Northwest Science, v. 84, no. 4, p. 369-377, https://doi.org/10.3955/046.084.0406.","startPage":"369","endPage":"377","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218034,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3955/046.084.0406"},{"id":246011,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"84","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e10e4b0c8380cd5c28f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sauter, S.T.","contributorId":13203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauter","given":"S.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037234,"text":"70037234 - 2010 - Antidepressant pharmaceuticals in two U.S. effluent-impacted streams: Occurrence and fate in water and sediment and selective uptake in fish neural tissue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T12:20:34","indexId":"70037234","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antidepressant pharmaceuticals in two U.S. effluent-impacted streams: Occurrence and fate in water and sediment and selective uptake in fish neural tissue","docAbstract":"<p>Antidepressant pharmaceuticals are widely prescribed in the United States; release of municipal wastewater effluent is a primary route introducing them to aquatic environments, where little is known about their distribution and fate. Water, bed sediment, and brain tissue from native white suckers (Catostomus commersoni)were collected upstream and atpoints progressively downstream from outfalls discharging to two effluentimpacted streams, Boulder Creek (Colorado) and Fourmile Creek (Iowa). A liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry method was used to quantify antidepressants, including fluoxetine, norfluoxetine (degradate), sertraline, norsertraline (degradate), paroxetine, Citalopram, fluvoxamine, duloxetine, venlafaxine, and bupropion in all three sample matrices. Antidepressants were not present above the limit of quantitation in water samples upstream from the effluent outfalls but were present at points downstream at ng/L concentrations, even at the farthest downstream sampling site 8.4 km downstream from the outfall. The antidepressants with the highest measured concentrations in both streams were venlafaxine, bupropion, and Citalopram and typically were observed at concentrations of at least an order of magnitude greater than the more commonly investigated antidepressants fluoxetine and sertraline. Concentrations of antidepressants in bed sediment were measured at ng/g levels; venlafaxine and fluoxetine were the predominant chemicals observed. Fluoxetine, sertraline, and their degradates were the principal antidepressants observed in fish brain tissue, typically at low ng/g concentrations. Aqualitatively different antidepressant profile was observed in brain tissue compared to streamwater samples. This study documents that wastewater effluent can be a point source of antidepressants to stream ecosystems and that the qualitative composition of antidepressants in brain tissue from exposed fish differs substantially from the compositions observed in streamwater and sediment, suggesting selective uptake.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Science and Technology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es9022706","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Schultz, M., Furlong, E.T., Kolpin, D.W., Werner, S.L., Schoenfuss, H., Barber, L.B., Blazer, V., Norris, D., and Vajda, A., 2010, Antidepressant pharmaceuticals in two U.S. effluent-impacted streams: Occurrence and fate in water and sediment and selective uptake in fish neural tissue: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 6, p. 1918-1925, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9022706.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1918","endPage":"1925","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244904,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216997,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/es9022706"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, Iowa","volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ec62e4b0c8380cd4923f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schultz, M.M.","contributorId":18993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459998,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Werner, Stephen L. slwerner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Werner","given":"Stephen","email":"slwerner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":460003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schoenfuss, H.L.","contributorId":103877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"H.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":460000,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Norris, D.O.","contributorId":58475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norris","given":"D.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":460001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Vajda, A.M.","contributorId":35961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vajda","given":"A.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459999,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70037443,"text":"70037443 - 2010 - Embryo malposition as a potential mechanism for mercury-induced hatching failure in bird eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-17T17:07:17","indexId":"70037443","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Embryo malposition as a potential mechanism for mercury-induced hatching failure in bird eggs","docAbstract":"<p><span>We examined the prevalence of embryo malpositions and deformities in relation to total mercury (THg) and selenium (Se) concentrations in American avocet (</span><i>Recurvirostra americana</i><span>), black‐necked stilt (</span><i>Himantopus mexicanus</i><span>), and Forster's tern (</span><i>Sterna forsteri</i><span>) eggs in San Francisco Bay (CA, USA) during 2005 to 2007. Overall, 11% of embryos were malpositioned in eggs ≥18 d of age (</span><i>n</i><span> = 282) and 2% of embryos were deformed in eggs ≥13 d of age (</span><i>n</i><span> = 470). Considering only those eggs that failed to hatch (</span><i>n</i><span> = 62), malpositions occurred in 24% of eggs ≥18 d of age and deformities occurred in 7% of eggs ≥13 d of age. The probability of an embryo being malpositioned increased with egg THg concentrations in Forster's terns, but not in avocets or stilts. The probability of embryo deformity was not related to egg THg concentrations in any species. Using a reduced dataset with both Se and THg concentrations measured in eggs (</span><i>n</i><span> = 87), we found no interaction between Se and THg on the probability of an embryo being malpositioned or deformed. Results of the present study indicate that embryo malpositions were prevalent in waterbird eggs that failed to hatch and the likelihood of an embryo being malpositioned increased with egg THg concentrations in Forster's terns. We hypothesize that malpositioning of avian embryos may be one reason for mercury‐related hatching failure that occurs late in incubation, but further research is needed to elucidate this potential mechanism.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"SETAC","doi":"10.1002/etc.208","issn":"07307268","usgsCitation":"Herring, G., Ackerman, J., and Eagles-Smith, C.A., 2010, Embryo malposition as a potential mechanism for mercury-induced hatching failure in bird eggs: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 29, no. 8, p. 1788-1794, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.208.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1788","endPage":"1794","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476067,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.208","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217353,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/etc.208"}],"volume":"29","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a08e3e4b0c8380cd51ceb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Herring, Garth 0000-0003-1106-4731 gherring@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1106-4731","contributorId":4403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herring","given":"Garth","email":"gherring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Joshua T. 0000-0002-3074-8322 jackerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3074-8322","contributorId":147078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Joshua T.","email":"jackerman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":461084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eagles-Smith, Collin A. 0000-0003-1329-5285 ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1329-5285","contributorId":505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eagles-Smith","given":"Collin","email":"ceagles-smith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037146,"text":"70037146 - 2010 - Structural features of a bituminous coal and their changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles investigated by advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037146","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Structural features of a bituminous coal and their changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles investigated by advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy","docAbstract":"Quantitative and advanced <sup>13</sup>C solid-state NMR techniques were employed to investigate (i) the chemical structure of a high volatile bituminous coal, as well as (ii) chemical structural changes of this coal after evacuation of adsorbed gases, (iii) during oxidative air exposure at room temperature, and (iv) after oxidative heating in air at 75 ??C. The solid-state NMR techniques employed in this study included quantitative direct polarization/magic angle spinning (DP/MAS) at a high spinning speed of 14 kHz, cross polarization/total sideband suppression (CP/TOSS), dipolar dephasing, CH, CH<sub>2</sub>, and CH<sub>n</sub> selection, <sup>13</sup>C chemical shift anisotropy (CSA) filtering, two-dimensional (2D) <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C heteronuclear correlation NMR (HETCOR), and 2D HETCOR with <sup>1</sup>H spin diffusion. With spectral editing techniques, we identified methyl CCH <sub>3</sub>, rigid and mobile methylene CCH<sub>2</sub>C, methine CCH, quaternary C<sub>q</sub>, aromatic CH, aromatic carbons bonded to alkyls, small-sized condensed aromatic moieties, and aromatic C-O groups. With direct polarization combined with spectral-editing techniques, we quantified 11 different types of functional groups. <sup>1</sup>H-<sup>13</sup>C 2D HETCOR NMR experiments indicated spatial proximity of aromatic and alkyl moieties in cross-linked structures. The proton spin diffusion experiments indicated that the magnetization was not equilibrated at a <sup>1</sup>H spin diffusion time of 5 ms. Therefore, the heterogeneity in spatial distribution of different functional groups should be above 2 nm. Recoupled C-H long-range dipolar dephasing showed that the fraction of large charcoal-like clusters of polycondensed aromatic rings was relatively small. The exposure of this coal to atmospheric oxygen at room temperature for 6 months did not result in obvious chemical structural changes of the coal, whereas heating at 75 ??C in air for 10 days led to oxidation of coal and generated some COO groups. Evacuation removed most volatiles and caused a significant reduction in aliphatic signals in its DP/MAS spectrum. DP/MAS, but not CP/MAS, allowed us to detect the changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles. These results demonstrate the applicability of advanced solid-state NMR techniques in chemical characterization of coal. ?? 2010 American Chemical Society.","largerWorkTitle":"Energy and Fuels","language":"English","doi":"10.1021/ef9015069","issn":"08870624","usgsCitation":"Mao, J., Schimmelmann, A., Mastalerz, M., Hatcher, P.G., and Li, Y., 2010, Structural features of a bituminous coal and their changes during low-temperature oxidation and loss of volatiles investigated by advanced solid-state NMR spectroscopy, <i>in</i> Energy and Fuels, v. 24, no. 4, p. 2536-2544, https://doi.org/10.1021/ef9015069.","startPage":"2536","endPage":"2544","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217079,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ef9015069"},{"id":244992,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9be9e4b08c986b31d17e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mao, J.-D.","contributorId":49212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mao","given":"J.-D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schimmelmann, A.","contributorId":28348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schimmelmann","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mastalerz, Maria","contributorId":78065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"Maria","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Li, Y.","contributorId":41394,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70036336,"text":"70036336 - 2010 - Building the IOOS data management subsystem","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-03-23T15:05:59","indexId":"70036336","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2678,"text":"Marine Technology Society Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Building the IOOS data management subsystem","docAbstract":"We discuss progress to date and plans for the Integrated Ocean Observing System (IOOS??) Data Management and Communications (DMAC) subsystem. We begin by presenting a conceptual architecture of IOOS DMAC. We describe work done as part of a 3-year pilot project known as the Data Integration Framework and the subsequent assessment of lessons learned. We present work that has been accomplished as part of the initial version of the IOOS Data Catalog. Finally, we discuss near-term plans for augmenting IOOS DMAC capabilities.","language":"English","issn":"00253324","usgsCitation":"de La Beaujardière, J., Mendelssohn, R., Ortiz, C., and Signell, R., 2010, Building the IOOS data management subsystem: Marine Technology Society Journal, v. 44, no. 6, p. 73-83.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"83","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2abe4b0c8380cd4b2ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"de La Beaujardière, J.","contributorId":17435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"de La Beaujardière","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mendelssohn, R.","contributorId":80924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mendelssohn","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ortiz, C.","contributorId":51586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Signell, R.","contributorId":76052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Signell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":455600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70046750,"text":"dds49120 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major Rivers Basins in the Conterminous United States: Total Precipitation, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:05:25","indexId":"dds49120","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-20","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major Rivers Basins in the Conterminous United States: Total Precipitation, 2002","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents the catchment-average total precipitation in millimeters multiplied by 100 for 2002, compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data were the Near-Real-Time Monthly High-Resolution Precipitation Climate Data Set for the Conterminous United States (2002) raster data set produced by the Spatial Climate Analysis Service at Oregon State University. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49120","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major Rivers Basins in the Conterminous United States: Total Precipitation, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-20, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49120.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274382,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274381,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_ppt02.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e5e4b0ca1848338a1b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480159,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037112,"text":"70037112 - 2010 - Latitudinal variations in Titan's methane and haze from Cassini VIMS observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:11","indexId":"70037112","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal variations in Titan's methane and haze from Cassini VIMS observations","docAbstract":"We analyze observations taken with Cassini's Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS), to determine the current methane and haze latitudinal distribution between 60??S and 40??N. The methane variation was measured primarily from its absorption band at 0.61 ??m, which is optically thin enough to be sensitive to the methane abundance at 20-50 km altitude. Haze characteristics were determined from Titan's 0.4-1.6 ??m spectra, which sample Titan's atmosphere from the surface to 200 km altitude. Radiative transfer models based on the haze properties and methane absorption profiles at the Huygens site reproduced the observed VIMS spectra and allowed us to retrieve latitude variations in the methane abundance and haze. We find the haze variations can be reproduced by varying only the density and single scattering albedo above 80 km altitude. There is an ambiguity between methane abundance and haze optical depth, because higher haze optical depth causes shallower methane bands; thus a family of solutions is allowed by the data. We find that haze variations alone, with a constant methane abundance, can reproduce the spatial variation in the methane bands if the haze density increases by 60% between 20??S and 10??S (roughly the sub-solar latitude) and single scattering absorption increases by 20% between 60??S and 40??N. On the other hand, a higher abundance of methane between 20 and 50 km in the summer hemisphere, as much as two times that of the winter hemisphere, is also possible, if the haze variations are minimized. The range of possible methane variations between 27??S and 19??N is consistent with condensation as a result of temperature variations of 0-1.5 K at 20-30 km. Our analysis indicates that the latitudinal variations in Titan's visible to near-IR albedo, the north/south asymmetry (NSA), result primarily from variations in the thickness of the darker haze layer, detected by Huygens DISR, above 80 km altitude. If we assume little to no latitudinal methane variations we can reproduce the NSA wavelength signatures with the derived haze characteristics. We calculate the solar heating rate as a function of latitude and derive variations of ???10-15% near the sub-solar latitude resulting from the NSA. Most of the latitudinal variations in the heating rate stem from changes in solar zenith angle rather than compositional variations. ?? 2009 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.003","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Penteado, P., Griffith, C., Tomasko, M., Engel, S., See, C., Doose, L., Baines, K.H., Brown, R.H., Buratti, B.J., Clark, R., Nicholson, P., and Sotin, C., 2010, Latitudinal variations in Titan's methane and haze from Cassini VIMS observations: Icarus, v. 206, no. 1, p. 352-365, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.003.","startPage":"352","endPage":"365","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217047,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.11.003"},{"id":244958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"206","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4588e4b0c8380cd673d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penteado, P.F.","contributorId":7534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penteado","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Griffith, C.A.","contributorId":10141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffith","given":"C.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tomasko, M.G.","contributorId":94861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tomasko","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engel, S.","contributorId":105562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engel","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"See, C.","contributorId":74203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"See","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Doose, L.","contributorId":13067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doose","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Baines, K. H.","contributorId":37868,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baines","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, R. H.","contributorId":19931,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brown","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Buratti, B. J.","contributorId":69280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buratti","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Clark, R.","contributorId":100780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Nicholson, P.","contributorId":24550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholson","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Sotin, Christophe","contributorId":53924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sotin","given":"Christophe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}}
,{"id":70037559,"text":"70037559 - 2010 - Analysis of elevation changes detected from multi-temporal LiDAR surveys in forested landslide terrain in western Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:01","indexId":"70037559","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1574,"text":"Environmental & Engineering Geoscience","printIssn":"1078-7275","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of elevation changes detected from multi-temporal LiDAR surveys in forested landslide terrain in western Oregon","docAbstract":"We examined elevation changes detected from two successive sets of Light Detection and Ranging (LiDAR) data in the northern Coast Range of Oregon. The first set of LiDAR data was acquired during leafon conditions and the second set during leaf-off conditions. We were able to successfully identify and map active landslides using a differential digital elevation model (DEM) created from the two LiDAR data sets, but this required the use of thresholds (0.50 and 0.75 m) to remove noise from the differential elevation data, visual pattern recognition of landslideinduced elevation changes, and supplemental QuickBird satellite imagery. After mapping, we field-verified 88 percent of the landslides that we had mapped with high confidence, but we could not detect active landslides with elevation changes of less than 0.50 m. Volumetric calculations showed that a total of about 18,100 m3 of material was missing from landslide areas, probably as a result of systematic negative elevation errors in the differential DEM and as a result of removal of material by erosion and transport. We also examined the accuracies of 285 leaf-off LiDAR elevations at four landslide sites using Global Positioning System and total station surveys. A comparison of LiDAR and survey data indicated an overall root mean square error of 0.50 m, a maximum error of 2.21 m, and a systematic error of 0.09 m. LiDAR ground-point densities were lowest in areas with young conifer forests and deciduous vegetation, which resulted in extensive interpolations of elevations in the leaf-on, bare-earth DEM. For optimal use of multi-temporal LiDAR data in forested areas, we recommend that all data sets be flown during leaf-off seasons.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental and Engineering Geoscience","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.2113/gseegeosci.16.4.315","issn":"10787275","usgsCitation":"Burns, W., Coe, J.A., Kaya, B., and Ma, L., 2010, Analysis of elevation changes detected from multi-temporal LiDAR surveys in forested landslide terrain in western Oregon: Environmental & Engineering Geoscience, v. 16, no. 4, p. 315-341, https://doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.16.4.315.","startPage":"315","endPage":"341","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245919,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217946,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.2113/gseegeosci.16.4.315"}],"volume":"16","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb11e4b0c8380cd48bc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burns, W.J.","contributorId":32019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burns","given":"W.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coe, J. A.","contributorId":8867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coe","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kaya, B.S.","contributorId":100226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaya","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ma, Liwang","contributorId":29140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ma","given":"Liwang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70037558,"text":"70037558 - 2010 - On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-12T10:37:12","indexId":"70037558","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core","docAbstract":"We present data on the triple Ar isotope composition in trapped gas from clean, stratigraphically disturbed ice between 2800 and 3040m depth in the GISP2 ice core, and from basal dirty ice from 3040 to 3053m depth. We also present data for the abundance and isotopic composition of O<sub>2</sub> and N<sub>2</sub>, and abundance of Ar, in the basal dirty ice. The Ar/N<sub>2</sub> ratio of dirty basal ice, the heavy isotope enrichment (reflecting gravitational fractionation), and the total gas content all indicate that the gases in basal dirty ice originate from the assimilation of clean ice of the overlying glacier, which comprises most of the ice in the dirty bottom layer. O<sub>2</sub> is partly to completely depleted in basal ice, reflecting active metabolism. The gravitationally corrected ratio of <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>38</sup>Ar, which decreases with age in the global atmosphere, is compatible with an age of 100-250ka for clean disturbed ice. In basal ice, <sup>40</sup>Ar is present in excess due to injection of radiogenic 40Ar produced in the underlying continental crust. The weak depth gradient of <sup>40</sup>Ar in the dirty basal ice, and the distribution of dirt, indicate mixing within the basal ice, while various published lines of evidence indicate mixing within the overlying clean, disturbed ice. Excess CH<sub>4</sub>, which reaches thousands of ppm in basal dirty ice at GRIP, is virtually absent in overlying clean disturbed ice, demonstrating that mixing of dirty basal ice into the overlying clean ice, if it occurs at all, is very slow. Order-of-magnitude estimates indicate that the mixing rate of clean ice into dirty ice is sufficient to maintain a steady thickness of dirty ice against thinning from the mean ice flow. The dirty ice appears to consist of two or more basal components in addition to clean glacial ice. A small amount of soil or permafrost, plus preglacial snow, lake or ground ice could explain the observations.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Bender, M.L., Burgess, E., Alley, R.B., Barnett, B., and Clow, G.D., 2010, On the nature of the dirty ice at the bottom of the GISP2 ice core: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 299, no. 3-4, p. 466-473, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033.","startPage":"466","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245918,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217945,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2010.09.033"}],"volume":"299","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6de0e4b0c8380cd7538c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bender, Michael L.","contributorId":103507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bender","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burgess, Edward","contributorId":54444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burgess","given":"Edward","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alley, Richard B.","contributorId":34365,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":13035,"text":"Department of Geosciences, Pennsylvania State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":461593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Barnett, Bruce","contributorId":82565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnett","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Clow, Gary D. 0000-0002-2262-3853 clow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2262-3853","contributorId":2066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"Gary","email":"clow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037585,"text":"70037585 - 2010 - A method of mounting multiple otoliths for beam-based microchemical analyses","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-21T16:29:50","indexId":"70037585","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1528,"text":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A method of mounting multiple otoliths for beam-based microchemical analyses","docAbstract":"Beam-based analytical methods are widely used to measure the concentrations of elements and isotopes in otoliths. These methods usually require that otoliths be individually mounted and prepared to properly expose the desired growth region to the analytical beam. Most analytical instruments, such as LA-ICPMS and ion and electron microprobes, have sample holders that will accept only one to six slides or mounts at a time. We describe a method of mounting otoliths that allows for easy transfer of many otoliths to a single mount after they have been prepared. Such an approach increases the number of otoliths that can be analyzed in a single session by reducing the need open the sample chamber to exchange slides-a particularly time consuming step on instruments that operate under vacuum. For ion and electron microprobes, the method also greatly reduces the number of slides that must be coated with an electrical conductor prior to analysis. In this method, a narrow strip of cover glass is first glued at one end to a standard microscope slide. The otolith is then mounted in thermoplastic resin on the opposite, free end of the strip. The otolith can then be ground and flipped, if needed, by reheating the mounting medium. After otolith preparation is complete, the cover glass is cut with a scribe to free the otolith and up to 20 small otoliths can be arranged on a single petrographic slide. ?? 2010 The Author(s).","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Biology of Fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s10641-010-9680-3","issn":"03781909","usgsCitation":"Donohoe, C., and Zimmerman, C.E., 2010, A method of mounting multiple otoliths for beam-based microchemical analyses: Environmental Biology of Fishes, v. 89, no. 3, p. 473-477, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9680-3.","startPage":"473","endPage":"477","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475853,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9680-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245894,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217921,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10641-010-9680-3"}],"volume":"89","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e45de4b0c8380cd465ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donohoe, C.J.","contributorId":75789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donohoe","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zimmerman, Christian E. 0000-0002-3646-0688 czimmerman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3646-0688","contributorId":410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"Christian","email":"czimmerman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":461754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70034043,"text":"70034043 - 2010 - Are there optimal densities for prairie birds?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70034043","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1318,"text":"Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are there optimal densities for prairie birds?","docAbstract":"The major forces of food and predation shape fitness-enhancing decisions of birds at all stages of their life cycles. During the breeding season, birds can minimize nest loss due to predation by selecting sites with a lower probability of predation. To understand the environmental and social aspects and consequences of breedingsite selection in prairie birds, we explored variation in nest-survival patterns of the Lark Bunting (Calamospiza melanocorys) in the shortgrass prairie region of North America. Over four breeding seasons, we documented the survival of 405 nests, conducted 60 surveys to estimate bird densities, and measured several vegetative features to describe habitat structure in 24 randomly selected study plots. Nest survival varied with the buntings' density as described by a quadratic polynomial, increasing with density below 1.5 birds ha<sup>-1</sup> and decreasing with density between 1.5 and 3 birds ha<sup>-1</sup>, suggesting that an optimal range of densities favors reproductive success of the Lark Bunting, which nests semi-colonially. Nest survival also increased with increasing vegetation structure of study plots and varied with age of the nest, increasing during early incubation and late in the nestling stage and declining slightly from mid-incubation to the middle of the nestling period. The existence of an optimal range of densities in this semi-colonial species can be elucidated by the \"commodity-selection hypothesis\" at low densities and density dependence at high densities. ?? The Cooper Ornithological Society 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Condor","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1525/cond.2010.090155","issn":"00105422","usgsCitation":"Skagen, S., and Adams, A., 2010, Are there optimal densities for prairie birds?: Condor, v. 112, no. 1, p. 8-14, https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090155.","startPage":"8","endPage":"14","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475877,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090155","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":244863,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216960,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1525/cond.2010.090155"}],"volume":"112","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed61e4b0c8380cd4979c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Skagen, S. K. 0000-0002-6744-1244","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6744-1244","contributorId":31348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skagen","given":"S. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, A.A.Y.","contributorId":50369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"A.A.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70046752,"text":"dds49121 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: 30-Year Average Annual Precipitation, 1971-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:04:42","indexId":"dds49121","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-21","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: 30-Year Average Annual Precipitation, 1971-2000","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents the 30-year (1971-2000) average annual precipitation in millimeters multiplied by 100 compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data were the United States Average Monthly or Annual Minimum Precipitation, 1971 - 2000 raster data set produced by the PRISM Group at Oregon State University. The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; J.W. Brakebill, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2008). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49121","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: 30-Year Average Annual Precipitation, 1971-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-21, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49121.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274386,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274384,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_ppt30yr.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e1e4b0ca18483389d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480161,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480162,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037567,"text":"70037567 - 2010 - Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-05T08:23:57","indexId":"70037567","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2216,"text":"Journal of Climate","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations","docAbstract":"Hydrologic cycle intensification is an expected manifestation of a warming climate. Although positive trends in several global average quantities have been reported, no previous studies have documented broad intensification across elements of the Arctic freshwater cycle (FWC). In this study, the authors examine the character and quantitative significance of changes in annual precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge across the terrestrial pan-Arctic over the past several decades from observations and a suite of coupled general circulation models (GCMs). Trends in freshwater flux and storage derived from observations across the Arctic Ocean and surrounding seas are also described.\n\nWith few exceptions, precipitation, evapotranspiration, and river discharge fluxes from observations and the GCMs exhibit positive trends. Significant positive trends above the 90% confidence level, however, are not present for all of the observations. Greater confidence in the GCM trends arises through lower interannual variability relative to trend magnitude. Put another way, intrinsic variability in the observations tends to limit confidence in trend robustness. Ocean fluxes are less certain, primarily because of the lack of long-term observations. Where available, salinity and volume flux data suggest some decrease in saltwater inflow to the Barents Sea (i.e., a decrease in freshwater outflow) in recent decades. A decline in freshwater storage across the central Arctic Ocean and suggestions that large-scale circulation plays a dominant role in freshwater trends raise questions as to whether Arctic Ocean freshwater flows are intensifying. Although oceanic fluxes of freshwater are highly variable and consistent trends are difficult to verify, the other components of the Arctic FWC do show consistent positive trends over recent decades. The broad-scale increases provide evidence that the Arctic FWC is experiencing intensification. Efforts that aim to develop an adequate observation system are needed to reduce uncertainties and to detect and document ongoing changes in all system components for further evidence of Arctic FWC intensification.","language":"English","publisher":"American Meteorological Society","doi":"10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1","issn":"08948755","usgsCitation":"Rawlins, M., Steele, M., Holland, M., Adam, J., Cherry, J., Francis, J., Groisman, P., Hinzman, L., Huntington, T., Kane, D., Kimball, J., Kwok, R., Lammers, R., Lee, C., Lettenmaier, D., McDonald, K., Podest, E., Pundsack, J., Rudels, B., Serreze, M.C., Shiklomanov, A., Skagseth, O., Troy, T., Vorosmarty, C., Wensnahan, M., Wood, E., Woodgate, R., Yang, D., Zhang, K., and Zhang, T., 2010, Analysis of the Arctic system for freshwater cycle intensification: Observations and expectations: Journal of Climate, v. 23, no. 21, p. 5715-5737, https://doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"5715","endPage":"5737","ipdsId":"IP-017451","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475785,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/2010jcli3421.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":245980,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218005,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1175/2010JCLI3421.1"}],"volume":"23","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb38e4b0c8380cd48cc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rawlins, M.A.","contributorId":73445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rawlins","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Steele, M.","contributorId":96122,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Holland, M.M.","contributorId":13074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Adam, J.C.","contributorId":23793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adam","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, J.E.","contributorId":77398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cherry","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Francis, J.A.","contributorId":64490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Francis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Groisman, P.Y.","contributorId":43603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Groisman","given":"P.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hinzman, L. D.","contributorId":90083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hinzman","given":"L. 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J.","contributorId":104232,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vorosmarty","given":"C. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":24},{"text":"Wensnahan, M.","contributorId":87011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wensnahan","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":25},{"text":"Wood, E.F.","contributorId":70998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"E.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":26},{"text":"Woodgate, R.","contributorId":32763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodgate","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":27},{"text":"Yang, D.","contributorId":82440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":28},{"text":"Zhang, K.","contributorId":71724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":29},{"text":"Zhang, T.","contributorId":61536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhang","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":30}]}}
,{"id":70046758,"text":"dds49124 - 2010 - Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Average Saturation Excess-Overland Flow, 2002","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-25T16:06:47","indexId":"dds49124","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"491-24","title":"Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Average Saturation Excess-Overland Flow, 2002","docAbstract":"This tabular data set represents the average value of saturation overland flow, in percent of total streamflow, compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment of selected Major River Basins (MRBs, Crawford and others, 2006). The source data set is Saturation Overland Flow Estimated by TOPMODEL for the Conterminous United States (Wolock, 2003). The MRB_E2RF1 catchments are based on a modified version of the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) ERF1_2 and include enhancements to support national and regional-scale surface-water quality modeling (Nolan and others, 2002; Brakebill and others, 2011). Data were compiled for every MRB_E2RF1 catchment for the conterminous United States covering New England and Mid-Atlantic (MRB1), South Atlantic-Gulf and Tennessee (MRB2), the Great Lakes, Ohio, Upper Mississippi, and Souris-Red-Rainy (MRB3), the Missouri (MRB4), the Lower Mississippi, Arkansas-White-Red, and Texas-Gulf (MRB5), the Rio Grande, Colorado, and the Great basin (MRB6), the Pacific Northwest (MRB7) river basins, and California (MRB8).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dds49124","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, M., and LaMotte, A.E., 2010, Attributes for MRB_E2RF1 Catchments by Major River Basins in the Conterminous United States: Average Saturation Excess-Overland Flow, 2002: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 491-24, Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/dds49124.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274408,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274407,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/mrb_e2rf1_satof.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -127.910792,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,51.657387 ], [ -65.327751,23.243486 ], [ -127.910792,23.243486 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51d2a4e1e4b0ca18483389d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael mewieczo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2309,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","email":"mewieczo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":480175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaMotte, Andrew E. 0000-0002-1434-6518 alamotte@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1434-6518","contributorId":2842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaMotte","given":"Andrew","email":"alamotte@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":480176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70005017,"text":"70005017 - 2010 - A is for aggregate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-05T09:28:59","indexId":"70005017","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":674,"text":"Aggregates Manager","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A is for aggregate","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Aggregates Manager","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Randall Reilly Publishing","usgsCitation":"Langer, W.H., 2010, A is for aggregate: Aggregates Manager, v. 15, no. 1, p. 52-52.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"52","endPage":"52","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":24495,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.aggman.com/a-is-for-aggregate/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":351824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70034470,"text":"70034470 - 2010 - Arsenic in groundwater in the North Carolina Eastern slate belt (Esb): Nash and halifax counties, north carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T11:27:36","indexId":"70034470","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3443,"text":"Southeastern Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Arsenic in groundwater in the North Carolina Eastern slate belt (Esb): Nash and halifax counties, north carolina","docAbstract":"Naturally occurring arsenic-contaminated groundwater is present within the Eastern Slate Belt (ESB) of North Carolina. Long-term, integrated geologic and geo-chemical investigations havedetermined the presence of arsenic by analyzing precipitates from first and second order streams under base flow conditions. When groundwater discharges into streams, arsenic and other metals are precipitated from solution, due to redox changes between the subsurface and surface environments. Analyses (As, base metals, Fe and Mn) were determined following chemical extraction ofnaturally occurring manganese-iron oxide-coatings, which had precipitated from solution onto stream-bed cobbles. Additionally, artificial redox fronts were produced by placing ceramic tilesin streambeds to collect and analyze oxide precipitates. Thermochemical plots from these data, as well as information from respective stream water measurements (pH and Eh), water sampling, and rock chemical analyses indicate mobile arsenic in predicted stability fields. Initial results show that naturally occurring arsenic-contaminated groundwater is present within the study area. However, the resulting oxidation and pre-cipitation within streams appreciably removes thiscontaminant from surface water solution.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Southeastern Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00383678","usgsCitation":"Reid, J., Haven, W., Eudy, D., Milosh, R., and Stafford, E., 2010, Arsenic in groundwater in the North Carolina Eastern slate belt (Esb): Nash and halifax counties, north carolina: Southeastern Geology, v. 47, no. 3, p. 117-122.","startPage":"117","endPage":"122","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","volume":"47","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed92e4b0c8380cd498b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reid, J.C.","contributorId":61052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reid","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haven, W.T.","contributorId":29668,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haven","given":"W.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eudy, D.D.","contributorId":28454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eudy","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milosh, R.M.","contributorId":100648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milosh","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stafford, E.G.","contributorId":37172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stafford","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70037079,"text":"70037079 - 2010 - Protein expression and genetic structure of the coral Porites lobata in an environmentally extreme Samoan back reef: Does host genotype limit phenotypic plasticity?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:47","indexId":"70037079","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2774,"text":"Molecular Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Protein expression and genetic structure of the coral Porites lobata in an environmentally extreme Samoan back reef: Does host genotype limit phenotypic plasticity?","docAbstract":"The degree to which coral reef ecosystems will be impacted by global climate change depends on regional and local differences in corals' susceptibility and resilience to environmental stressors. Here, we present data from a reciprocal transplant experiment using the common reef building coral Porites lobata between a highly fluctuating back reef environment that reaches stressful daily extremes, and a more stable, neighbouring forereef. Protein biomarker analyses assessing physiological contributions to stress resistance showed evidence for both fixed and environmental influence on biomarker response. Fixed influences were strongest for ubiquitin-conjugated proteins with consistently higher levels found in back reef source colonies both pre and post-transplant when compared with their forereef conspecifics. Additionally, genetic comparisons of back reef and forereef populations revealed significant population structure of both the nuclear ribosomal and mitochondrial genomes of the coral host (F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.146 P &lt; 0.0001, F<sub>ST</sub> = 0.335 P &lt; 0.0001 for rDNA and mtDNA, respectively), whereas algal endosymbiont populations were genetically indistinguishable between the two sites. We propose that the genotype of the coral host may drive limitations to the physiological responses of these corals when faced with new environmental conditions. This result is important in understanding genotypic and environmental interactions in the coral algal symbiosis and how corals may respond to future environmental changes. ?? 2010 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Molecular Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04574.x","issn":"09621083","usgsCitation":"Barshis, D., Stillman, J., Gates, R., Toonen, R., Smith, L., and Birkeland, C., 2010, Protein expression and genetic structure of the coral Porites lobata in an environmentally extreme Samoan back reef: Does host genotype limit phenotypic plasticity?: Molecular Ecology, v. 19, no. 8, p. 1705-1720, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04574.x.","startPage":"1705","endPage":"1720","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217015,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-294X.2010.04574.x"},{"id":244925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f70e4b0c8380cd7f770","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barshis, D.J.","contributorId":106730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barshis","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stillman, J.H.","contributorId":85436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stillman","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gates, R.D.","contributorId":56887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gates","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Toonen, R.J.","contributorId":99401,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toonen","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, L.W.","contributorId":52992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"L.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Birkeland, C.","contributorId":62841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkeland","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037562,"text":"70037562 - 2010 - Prey-mediated avoidance of an intraguild predator by its intraguild prey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:22:00","indexId":"70037562","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2932,"text":"Oecologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prey-mediated avoidance of an intraguild predator by its intraguild prey","docAbstract":"Intraguild (IG) predation is an important factor influencing community structure, yet factors allowing coexistence of IG predator and IG prey are not well understood. The existence of spatial refuges for IG prey has recently been noted for their importance in allowing coexistence. However, reduction in basal prey availability might lead IG prey to leave spatial refuges for greater access to prey, leading to increased IG predation and fewer opportunities for coexistence. We determined how the availability of prey affected space-use patterns of bobcats (Lynx rufus, IG prey) in relation to coyote space-use patterns (Canis latrans, IG predators). We located animals from fall 2007 to spring 2009 and estimated bobcat home ranges and core areas seasonally. For each bobcat relocation, we determined intensity of coyote use, distance to water, small mammal biomass, and mean small mammal biomass of the home range during the season the location was collected. We built generalized linear mixed models and used Akaike Information Criteria to determine which factors best predicted bobcat space use. Coyote intensity was a primary determinant of bobcat core area location. In bobcat home ranges with abundant prey, core areas occurred where coyote use was low, but shifted to areas intensively used by coyotes when prey declined. High spatial variability in basal prey abundance allowed some bobcats to avoid coyotes while at the same time others were forced into more risky areas. Our results suggest that multiple behavioral strategies associated with spatial variation in basal prey abundance likely allow IG prey and IG predators to coexist. ?? 2010 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Oecologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s00442-010-1797-8","issn":"00298549","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R., Blankenship, T., Hooten, M., and Shivik, J., 2010, Prey-mediated avoidance of an intraguild predator by its intraguild prey: Oecologia, v. 164, no. 4, p. 921-929, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1797-8.","startPage":"921","endPage":"929","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":217972,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00442-010-1797-8"},{"id":245945,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"164","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8b87e4b0c8380cd7e28f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, R.R.","contributorId":12138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blankenship, T.L.","contributorId":66103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blankenship","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hooten, M.B.","contributorId":50261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooten","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shivik, J.A.","contributorId":58500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shivik","given":"J.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":461607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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