{"pageNumber":"1945","pageRowStart":"48600","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68923,"records":[{"id":70015719,"text":"70015719 - 1987 - Cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc determination in precipitation: A comparison of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomization atomic absorption spectrometry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015719","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2742,"text":"Mikrochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc determination in precipitation: A comparison of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomization atomic absorption spectrometry","docAbstract":"Selected trace element analysis for cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc in precipitation samples by inductively coupled plasma atomic emission Spectrometry (ICP) and by atomic absorption spectrometry with graphite furnace atomization (AAGF) have been evaluated. This task was conducted in conjunction with a longterm study of precipitation chemistry at high altitude sites located in remote areas of the southwestern United States. Coefficients of variation and recovery values were determined for a standard reference water sample for all metals examined for both techniques. At concentration levels less than 10 micrograms per liter AAGF analyses exhibited better precision and accuracy than ICP. Both methods appear to offer the potential for cost-effective analysis of trace metal ions in precipitation. ?? 1987 Springer-Verlag.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Mikrochimica Acta","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF01196608","issn":"00263672","usgsCitation":"Reddy, M., Benefiel, M., and Claassen, H., 1987, Cadmium, copper, lead, and zinc determination in precipitation: A comparison of inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometry and graphite furnace atomization atomic absorption spectrometry: Mikrochimica Acta, v. 88, no. 3-4, p. 159-170, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01196608.","startPage":"159","endPage":"170","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205402,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01196608"},{"id":223679,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"88","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2efe4b0c8380cd4b4bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reddy, M.M.","contributorId":24363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reddy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Benefiel, M.A.","contributorId":56382,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Benefiel","given":"M.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Claassen, H.C.","contributorId":74028,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claassen","given":"H.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015322,"text":"70015322 - 1987 - Secondary hydroeruptions in pyroclastic-flow deposits: Examples from Mount St. Helens","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015322","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Secondary hydroeruptions in pyroclastic-flow deposits: Examples from Mount St. Helens","docAbstract":"Secondary hydroeruptions occur in pyroclastic-flow deposits when water or ice is trapped beneath hot pyroclastic debris and rapidly heated to steam. These eruptions display various styles of activity including fumarolic degassing, tephra fountaining, and explosive cratering. The deposits, which occupy the layer 3 stratigraphic position on the top of pyroclastic-flow units, can be distinguished from ash-cloud material by lateral thickness variation, clast composition, and other sedimentary features. The ejecta of secondary hydroeruptions comprise a subset of hydrovolcanic pyroclastic deposits. A small secondary hydroeruption observed on the Mount St. Helens pumice plain in 1981 produced tephra that was emplaced ballistically, by deposition from base surges, and by fallout from an eruption column. Stratigraphic descriptions and grain-size analysis of the ejecta from several secondary craters on the pumice plain demonstrate that the bedforms produced by a hydroeruption change with crater diameter. In particular, craters of small diameter are surrounded by interbedded ripple-laminated ash horizons and nonstratified, fines-depleted units; large craters have ejecta ramparts comprised of coarse dunes and antidunes. These bedform changes are related to a progressive increase in eruptive energy, which produces base surges of greater power and eruptive columns of greater height. We suggest that the style of activity displayed during a secondary hydroeruption is controlled by both the total thermal energy of the system and the permeability of the pyroclastic overburden. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Moyer, T., and Swanson, D.A., 1987, Secondary hydroeruptions in pyroclastic-flow deposits: Examples from Mount St. Helens: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 32, no. 4, p. 299-319.","startPage":"299","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223762,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b891de4b08c986b316d25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moyer, T.C.","contributorId":74031,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"T.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015320,"text":"70015320 - 1987 - Isotope geochemistry of minerals and fluids from Newberry volcano, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015320","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotope geochemistry of minerals and fluids from Newberry volcano, Oregon","docAbstract":"Isotopic compositions were determined for hydrothermal quartz, calcite, and siderite from core samples of the Newberry 2 drill hole, Oregon. The ??15O values for these minerals decrease with increasing temperatures. The values indicate that these hydrothermal minerals precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with water currently present in the reservoirs. The ??18O values of quartz and calcite from the andesite and basalt flows (700-932 m) have isotopic values which require that the equilibrated water ??18O values increase slightly (- 11.3 to -9.2???) with increasing measured temperatures (150-265??C). The lithic tuffs and brecciated lava flows (300-700 m) contain widespread siderite. Calculated oxygen isotopic compositions of waters in equilibrium with siderite generally increase with increasing temperatures (76-100??C). The ??18O values of siderite probably result from precipitation in water produced by mixing various amounts of the deep hydrothermal water (- 10.5 ???) with meteoric water (- 15.5 ???) recharged within the caldera. The ??13C values of calcite and siderite decrease with increasing temperatures and show that these minerals precipitated in isotopic equilibrium with CO2 of about -8 ???. The ??18O values of weakly altered (<5% alteration of plagioclase) whole-rock samples decrease with increasing temperatures above 100??C, indicating that exchange between water and rock is kinetically controlled. The water/rock mass ratios decrease with decreasing temperatures. The ??18O values of rocks from the bottom of Newberry 2 show about 40% isotopic exchange with the reservoir water. The calculated ??18O and ??D values of bottom hole water determined from the fluid produced during the 20 hour flow test are -10.2 and -109???, respectively. The ??D value of the hydrothermal water indicates recharge from outside the caldera. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Carothers, W., Mariner, R.H., and Keith, T.E., 1987, Isotope geochemistry of minerals and fluids from Newberry volcano, Oregon: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 31, no. 1-2, p. 47-63.","startPage":"47","endPage":"63","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223711,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f89e4b0c8380cd645e1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carothers, W.W.","contributorId":43803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carothers","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370624,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mariner, Robert H.","contributorId":81075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mariner","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keith, T. E. C.","contributorId":11681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"E. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015310,"text":"70015310 - 1987 - Man-induced gradient adjustment of the South Fork Forked Deer River, west Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:58","indexId":"70015310","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1540,"text":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Man-induced gradient adjustment of the South Fork Forked Deer River, west Tennessee","docAbstract":"Channel modifications from 1968 to 1969 on the South Fork Forked Deer River in western Tennessee have caused upstream degradation, downstream aggradation, and bank failures along the altered channels, adjacent reaches, and tributaries. The result of these adjustments is a general decrease in gradient as the channel attempts to absorb the imposed increase in energy conditions created by channelization. Headward degradation at a rate of approximately 2.57 km/yr on the South Fork Forked Deer River caused from 1.52 m to about 3.14 m of incision over a 13.5 km reach from 1969 to 1981. As a consequence of substantially increased sediment supply, approximately 2.13 m of aggradation was induced downstream of this reach during the same period. This accumulation represents a 60% recovery of bed level at the downstream site since the completion of channel work in 1969. Gradient adjustment with time is described by exponential decay functions. The length of time required for adjustment to some new quasi-equilibrium condition is computed by these decay functions and is about 20 years from the completion of channel work. Adjusted slopes are less than predisturbed values, probably because straightened channels dissipate less energy by friction, allowing more energy for sediment transport. An equivalent sediment load, therefore, can be transported at a considerably gentler slope. The predisturbed slope exceeds the adjusted slope by an order of magnitude on the downstream reach of the South Fork Forked Deer River. ?? 1987 Springer-Verlag New York Inc.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Environmental Geology and Water Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02449942","issn":"00990094","usgsCitation":"Simon, A., and Robbins, C.H., 1987, Man-induced gradient adjustment of the South Fork Forked Deer River, west Tennessee: Environmental Geology and Water Sciences, v. 9, no. 2, p. 109-118, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02449942.","startPage":"109","endPage":"118","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205389,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02449942"},{"id":223595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4c5de4b0c8380cd69bd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, A.","contributorId":43501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robbins, C. H.","contributorId":54210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015308,"text":"70015308 - 1987 - A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T17:30:52","indexId":"70015308","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id5\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id6\"><p>A procedure for conducting adsorption studies at low suspended solid concentrations in natural waters (&lt;50 mg l<sup>−1</sup>) is described. Methodological complications previously associated with such experiments have been overcome. Adsorption of zinc ion onto synthetic colloidal titania (TiO<sub>2</sub>) was studied as a function of pH, supporting electrolyte (NaCl) concentration (0·1-0·002<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"small-caps\">m</span>) and particle concentration (2–50 mg l<sup>−1</sup>). The lack of success of the Davis Leckie site bonding model in describing Zn(II) adsorption emphasizes the need for further studies of adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(87)90060-6","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Chang, C.C., Davis, J., and Kuwabara, J.S., 1987, A study of metal ion adsorption at low suspended-solid concentrations: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 24, no. 3, p. 419-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(87)90060-6.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"419","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e5bfe4b0c8380cd46f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chang, Cecily C.Y.","contributorId":68032,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chang","given":"Cecily","email":"","middleInitial":"C.Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, J.A.","contributorId":71694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779730,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015307,"text":"70015307 - 1987 - Kinetic theory of oxygen isotopic exchange between minerals and water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:38:26.548337","indexId":"70015307","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Kinetic theory of oxygen isotopic exchange between minerals and water","docAbstract":"Kinetic and mass conservation equations are used to describe oxygen isotopic exchange between minerals and water in \"closed\" and open hydrothermal systems. In cases where n coexisting mineral phases having different reaction rates are present, the exchange process is described by a system of n + 1 simultaneous differential equations consisting of n pseudo first-order rate equations and a conservation of mass equation. The simultaneous solutions to these equations generate curved exchange trajectories on ??-?? plots. Families of such trajectories generated under conditions allowing for different fluid mole fractions, different fluid isotopic compositions, or different fluid flow rates are connected by positive-sloped isochronous lines. These isochrons reproduce the effects observed in hydrothermally exchanged mineral pairs including 1) steep positive slopes, 2) common reversals in the measured fractionation factors (??), and 3) measured fractionations that are highly variable over short distances where no thermal gradient can be geologically demonstrated. ?? 1987.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90203-1","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Criss, R., Gregory, R.T., and Taylor, H., 1987, Kinetic theory of oxygen isotopic exchange between minerals and water: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 5, p. 1099-1108, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90203-1.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1099","endPage":"1108","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224413,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a40a7e4b0c8380cd64f2e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Criss, R.E.","contributorId":10075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Criss","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gregory, R. T.","contributorId":101394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gregory","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, H.P. Jr.","contributorId":78479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"H.P.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015300,"text":"70015300 - 1987 - Evolution, biogeography, and systematics of Puriana: evolution and speciation in Ostracoda, III.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-20T11:49:26.225289","indexId":"70015300","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2412,"text":"Journal of Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution, biogeography, and systematics of Puriana: evolution and speciation in Ostracoda, III.","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-content\"><div class=\"abstract\" data-abstract-type=\"normal\"><p>Three types of geographic isolation—land barriers, deep water barriers, and climatic barriers—resulted in three distinct evolutionary responses in Neogene and Quaternary species of the epineritic ostracode genus<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">Puriana</span>. Through systematic, paleobiogeographic, and morphologic study of several hundred fossil and Recent populations from the eastern Pacific, western Atlantic, Gulf of Mexico, and the Caribbean, the phylogeny of the genus and the geography of speciation events were determined. Isolation of large populations by the Isthmus of Panama during the Pliocene did not lead to lineage splitting in species known to have existed before the Isthmus formed. Conversely, the establishment of small isolated populations on Caribbean islands by passive dispersal mechanisms frequently led to the evolution of new species or subspecies. Climatic changes along the southeastern United States during the Pliocene also catalyzed possible parapatric speciation as populations that immigrated to the northeastern periphery of the genus' range split to form new species. The results provide evidence that evolutionary models describing the influence of abiotic events on patterns of evolution and speciation can be tested using properly selected tectonic and climatic events and fossil groups amenable to species-level analysis. Two new species,<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">P. bajaensis</span><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"italic\">P. paikensis</span>, are described.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Paleontological Society","doi":"10.1017/S0022336000060856","issn":"00223360","usgsCitation":"Cronin, T.M., 1987, Evolution, biogeography, and systematics of Puriana: evolution and speciation in Ostracoda, III.: Journal of Paleontology, v. 61, no. 3 Supplement, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022336000060856.","productDescription":"71 p.","numberOfPages":"71","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224300,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"3 Supplement","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2017-08-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d8fe4b0c8380cd530b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cronin, T. M. 0000-0002-2643-0979","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2643-0979","contributorId":42613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cronin","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015299,"text":"70015299 - 1987 - The solubilities of some major and minor element minerals in ground waters associated with a sandstone-hosted uranium deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-31T13:40:51.452645","indexId":"70015299","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1095,"text":"Bulletin de Mineralogie","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The solubilities of some major and minor element minerals in ground waters associated with a sandstone-hosted uranium deposit","docAbstract":"<p>Ground-water samples from 41 wells penetrating basal Oakville sandstone (Miocene) in S Texas were chemically analysed to identify chemical changes related to nearby U orebodies. The coverage included a 240 km<sup>2</sup> area which contains several fault-related U deposits. Factors affecting the hydrochemistry include: 1) relatively high permeabilities of buried fluvial-channel sediments; 2) upwards leakage of brines along growth faults into the aquifer; 3) development of a redox interface (Eh = 0 volts) within the aquifer; and 4) the semi-arid climate. Variations in the saturation index (SI) for chemically reduced minerals of U, As, Mo, Se and for associated minerals such as pyrite outlined the position of known deposits. The SI increases towards zero as the deposits are approached from updip distances of 3-4.5 km, then decreases again downdip. The radiogenic pathfinders Ra and Rn showed very strong anomalies with ore, but diminished to background levels at short distances from ore. A strong He anomaly is deflected in the direction of ground-water flow away from the ore.-R.A.H.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Persee","doi":"10.3406/bulmi.1987.7981","usgsCitation":"Wanty, R.B., Chatcham, J.R., and Langmuir, D., 1987, The solubilities of some major and minor element minerals in ground waters associated with a sandstone-hosted uranium deposit: Bulletin de Mineralogie, v. 110, no. 2-3, p. 209-226, https://doi.org/10.3406/bulmi.1987.7981.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"209","endPage":"226","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224299,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"110","issue":"2-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb03ee4b08c986b324d1a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wanty, Richard B. 0000-0002-2063-6423 rwanty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"Richard","email":"rwanty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chatcham, J. R.","contributorId":79244,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chatcham","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langmuir, D.","contributorId":87303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Langmuir","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015298,"text":"70015298 - 1987 - An automated technique for flow measurements from mariotte reservoirs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-31T15:27:38.221462","indexId":"70015298","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An automated technique for flow measurements from mariotte reservoirs","docAbstract":"<p><span>The mariotte reservoir supplies water at a constant hydraulic pressure by self-regulation of its internal gas pressure. Automated outflow measurements from mariotte reservoirs are generally difficult because of the reservoir's self-regulation mechanism. This paper describes an automated flow meter specifically designed for use with mariotte reservoirs. The flow meter monitors changes in the mariotte reservoir's gas pressure during outflow to determine changes in the reservoir's water level. The flow measurement is performed by attaching a pressure transducer to the top of a mariotte reservoir and monitoring gas pressure changes during outflow with a programmable data logger. Using a simple linear relation between reservoir gas pressure and water-level changes with time, the data logger converts the transducer signal into outflow-flux values. To demonstrate the usefulness of the new technique, two constant-head experiments are described that have vastly different flux ranges and time durations. The first experiment was a 1-h infiltration run in which infiltration rates dropped from 0.6 to 0.2 cm/min. The second experiment was a 3-week evaporation experiment in which the evaporation rate ranged from 1.0 to 3.0 cm/d. Results indicate that the automated flow measurement technique performed well when compared to a manual sight-tube technique for flux measurements; the difference between the two methods was never more than 9% for the infiltration experiment and 5% for the evaporation experiment. The advantages of the new technique over previously available automated flow measurement techniques include: (i) the ability to rapidly record a large range of fluxes without restricting outflow, and (ii) the ability to accurately average the pulsing flow, which commonly occurs during outflow from the mariotte reservoir.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100010051x","issn":"03615995","usgsCitation":"Constantz, J., and Murphy, F., 1987, An automated technique for flow measurements from mariotte reservoirs: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 51, no. 1, p. 252-254, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj1987.03615995005100010051x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"252","endPage":"254","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224248,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e63ce4b0c8380cd4728b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Murphy, Fred fmurphy@usgs.gov","contributorId":4572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Fred","email":"fmurphy@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015295,"text":"70015295 - 1987 - Chemistry and mineralogy of pyrite-enriched sediments at a passive margin sulfide brine seep: Abyssal Gulf of Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:20:58.215769","indexId":"70015295","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Chemistry and mineralogy of pyrite-enriched sediments at a passive margin sulfide brine seep: Abyssal Gulf of Mexico","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>Pyrite is rapidly accumulating at the contact between the Cretaceous limestones of the Florida Platform and the hemipelagic sediments of the abyssal Gulf of Mexico. Sediments sampled with the submersible “Alvin” in 3266 m of water are associated with a dense community of organisms that depend on chemosynthetic primary production as a food source. Analysis of the chemistry, mineralogy, and textural composition of these sediments indicate that iron sulfide mineralization is occurring at the seafloor within an anoxic micro-habitat sustained by the advection of hydrogen sulfide-charged saline brines from the adjacent platform. The chemosynthetic bacteria that directly overlie the sediments oxidize hydrogen sulfide for energy and provide elemental sulfur that reacts with iron monosulfide to form some of the pyrite. The sediments are mixtures of pyrite (∼ 30 wt.%), Ba<img src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\" alt=\"single bond\" data-mce-src=\"https://sdfestaticassets-us-east-1.sciencedirectassets.com/shared-assets/55/entities/sbnd.gif\">Sr sulfates (∼ 4 wt.%), clays, and locally derived biogenic carbonates and are progressively being cemented by iron sulfides. Oxidation of hydrogen sulfide produces locally acidic conditions that corrode the adjacent limestones. Potential sources of S, H<sub>2</sub>S, Fe, Ba, and Sr are discussed.</p></div></div></div><ul id=\"issue-navigation\" class=\"issue-navigation u-margin-s-bottom u-bg-grey1\"></ul>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(87)90107-5","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Commeau, R., Paull, C.K., Commeau, J., and Poppe, L., 1987, Chemistry and mineralogy of pyrite-enriched sediments at a passive margin sulfide brine seep: Abyssal Gulf of Mexico: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 82, no. 1-2, p. 62-74, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90107-5.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"62","endPage":"74","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224197,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -101.38391024938755,\n              32.22791508720029\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.38391024938755,\n              16.611201793443044\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.65344149938755,\n              16.611201793443044\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.65344149938755,\n              32.22791508720029\n            ],\n            [\n              -101.38391024938755,\n              32.22791508720029\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"82","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f5a5e4b0c8380cd4c335","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Commeau, R.F.","contributorId":62194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paull, C. K.","contributorId":86845,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paull","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Commeau, J.A.","contributorId":21549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Commeau","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015293,"text":"70015293 - 1987 - Synthesis and stability of hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, at 25°C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-06T23:13:17.44054","indexId":"70015293","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Synthesis and stability of hetaerolite, ZnMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, at 25°C","title":"Synthesis and stability of hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, at 25°C","docAbstract":"<p>A precipitate of nearly pure hetaerolite, ZnMn<sub>2</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, a spinel-structured analog of hausmannite, Mn<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub>, was prepared by an irreversible wprecipitation of zinc with manganese at 25°C. The synthesis technique entailed constant slow addition of a dilute solution of Mn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>and Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>chlorides having a Mn/Zn ratio of 2:1 to a reaction vessel that initially contained distilled deionized water, maintained at a pH of 8.50 by addition of dilute NaOH by an automated pH stat, with continuous bubbling of CO<sub>2</sub>-free air. The solid was identified by means of X-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy and consisted of bipyramidal crystals generally less than 0.10 μm in diameter. Zn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ions are able to substitute extensively for Mn<sup>2+</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>ions that occupy tetrahedral sites in the hausmannite structure.</p><p>Hetaerolite appears to be more stable than hausmannite with respect to spontaneous conversion to γMnOOH. The value of the standard free energy of formation of hetaerolite was estimated from the experimental data to be −289.4 ± 0.8 kcal per mole. Solids intermediate in composition between hetaerolite and hausmannite can be prepared by altering the Mn/Zn ratio in the feed solution.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90335-8","usgsCitation":"Hem, J., Roberson, C.E., and Lind, C.J., 1987, Synthesis and stability of hetaerolite, ZnMn2O4, at 25°C: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 6, p. 1539-1547, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90335-8.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"1539","endPage":"1547","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224195,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba34fe4b08c986b31fc5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hem, J.D.","contributorId":54576,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hem","given":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roberson, C. E.","contributorId":40190,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roberson","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lind, Carol J.","contributorId":36110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lind","given":"Carol","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015286,"text":"70015286 - 1987 - The ubiquitous ostracode Darwinula stevensoni (Brady and Robertson, 1870), redescription of the species and lectotype designation.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:54","indexId":"70015286","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2735,"text":"Micropaleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The ubiquitous ostracode Darwinula stevensoni (Brady and Robertson, 1870), redescription of the species and lectotype designation.","docAbstract":"Darwinula stevensoni (Brady and Robertson 1870) is the type species of Darwinula, the ubiquitous living and fossil nonmarine nominate genus of the Darwinulidae and the Darwinulacea. To date, the additional families Darwinuloididae (fossil), Microdarwinulidae (living and fossil), Panxianidae (fossil), and Suchonellidae (fossil) have been referred to the Darwinulacea. A type specimen for D. stevensoni has not been previously designated. In order to stabilize the species, a lectotype is selected from the type series in the Brady collection at The Hancock Museum, Newcastle upon Tyne. The species is redescribed and reillustrated based on the study of the carapace of a paralectotype and also of valves and appendages of specimens from both England and the United States. Living species of Darwinula have a cosmopolitan distribution in fresh and brackish water. Fossil Darwinulacea, documented in the Carboniferous, serve as indicators of continental Paleozoic to Holocene deposits. - Author","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Micropaleontology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"00262803","usgsCitation":"Sohn, I.G., 1987, The ubiquitous ostracode Darwinula stevensoni (Brady and Robertson, 1870), redescription of the species and lectotype designation.: Micropaleontology, v. 33, no. 2, p. 150-163.","startPage":"150","endPage":"163","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224084,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb146e4b08c986b3252a8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sohn, I. G.","contributorId":70751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sohn","given":"I.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015281,"text":"70015281 - 1987 - Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:07:39","indexId":"70015281","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity","docAbstract":"<p><span>Hydraulic conductivity of a porous medium frequently is considered to be a single realization of a three-dimensional spatial stochastic process. The most common observations of flow in porous media are hydraulic-head measurements obtained from wells which are screened over extensive sections of the medium. These measurements represent, approximately, a one-dimensional spatial average of the actual three-dimensional head distribution, the actual head distribution being a stochastic process resulting from flow through a random hydraulic-conductivity field. This paper examines, via ensemble averages, the effect of such spatial averages of groundwater flow on the spatial autocovariance function for a simple, yet viable, stochastic model of a bounded medium. The model is taken to be three-dimensional flow in a medium that is bounded above and below and in which the hydraulic conductivity is a second-order stationary stochastic process. Spatial averaging of the hydraulic heads is considered to take place over the entire thickness of the medium. Ensemble variances and autocorrelations for depth-averaged heads are computed for the resulting two-dimensional flow system and compared with those from a fully three-dimensional flow system.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i004p00561","usgsCitation":"Naff, R., and Vecchia, A.V., 1987, Depth-averaging effects on hydraulic head for media with stochastic hydraulic conductivity: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 4, p. 561-570, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i004p00561.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"561","endPage":"570","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224027,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd41e4b0c8380cd4e708","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Naff, R.L.","contributorId":86349,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naff","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vecchia, A. V.","contributorId":23533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015280,"text":"70015280 - 1987 - A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-19T19:39:53.525835","indexId":"70015280","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>In order to understand the movement of colloidal materials in natural waters, we first need to have a means of quantifying their physical characteristics. This paper reviews three techniques which utilize light-scattering phenomena to measure the translational diffusion coefficient, the rotational diffusion coefficient, and the electrophoretic mobility of colloids suspended in water. Primary emphasis is to provide sufficient theoretical detail so that hydrologists can evaluate the utility of photon correlation spectrometry, electrophoretic light scattering, and electric birefringence analysis.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(87)90018-0","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Rees, T., 1987, A review of light-scattering techniques for the study of colloids in natural waters: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 1, no. 4, p. 425-439, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(87)90018-0.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"425","endPage":"439","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223978,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e553e4b0c8380cd46cad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rees, T.F.","contributorId":26068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rees","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370532,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015269,"text":"70015269 - 1987 - Geology of the Holocene surficial uranium deposit of the north fork of Flodelle Creek, northeastern Washington (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T00:59:33.456155","indexId":"70015269","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geology of the Holocene surficial uranium deposit of the north fork of Flodelle Creek, northeastern Washington (USA)","docAbstract":"<p>The north fork of Flodelle Creek drainage basin in northeastern Washington contains the first surficial uranium deposit to be mined in the United States. The uranium was leached from granitic bedrock and fixed in organic-rich pond sediments. The distribution of these pond sediments and, therefore, the uranium has been strongly influenced by relict glacial topography, slope processes, and beaver activity.</p><p>The north fork of Flodelle Creek drainage basin was covered by the Cordilleran ice sheet during the Fraser (late Wisconsin) glaciation. Till and outwash were deposited on the valley slopes and valley floor as ice receded. Outwash incision and melting of stagnant ice led to formation of a terrace and kames. Shortly after deglaciation, a small pond formed in the upper part of the valley when unconsolidated glacial sediment slumped off the valley slopes and restricted drainage. Fluvial processes dominated in the central and downstream parts of the valley for several thousand years after deglaciation, although drainage was partly restricted by kames. Beavers began to occupy and build dams on the wide outwash plains in the valley floor ∼5000 yr B.P. Beaver ponds in the central part of the basin subsequently filled with sediment and were abandoned, whereas downstream ponds remained relatively free of clastic input and are presently occupied by beavers.</p><p>Ponds in the drainage basin have been sinks for fine-grained, organic-rich sediments. These organic-rich sediments provide a suitable geochemical environment for precipitation and adsorption of uranium leached from granitic bedrock into ground, spring, and surface waters. Processes of pond formation have thus been important in the development of surficial uranium deposits in the north fork of Flodelle Creek drainage basin and may have similar significance in other areas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1987)98<77:GOTHSU>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Johnson, S.Y., Otton, J.K., and Macke, D., 1987, Geology of the Holocene surficial uranium deposit of the north fork of Flodelle Creek, northeastern Washington (USA): Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 98, no. 1, p. 77-85, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1987)98<77:GOTHSU>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"77","endPage":"85","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223866,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.72486011891769,\n              48.97083233189488\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.72486011891769,\n              47.55205193023431\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0222234001676,\n              47.55205193023431\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.0222234001676,\n              48.97083233189488\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.72486011891769,\n              48.97083233189488\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"98","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a25bae4b0c8380cd58b26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, S. Y.","contributorId":48572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otton, J. K.","contributorId":52589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Macke, D. L.","contributorId":101643,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Macke","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015268,"text":"70015268 - 1987 - Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T10:33:21","indexId":"70015268","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law","docAbstract":"<p>A method has been developed to establish steady state flow of water in an unsaturated soil sample spinning in a centrifuge. Theoretical analysis predicts moisture conditions in the sample that depend strongly on soil type and certain operating parameters. For Oakley sand, measurements of flux, water content, and matric potential during and after centrifugation verify that steady state flow can be achieved. Experiments have confirmed the theoretical prediction of a nearly uniform moisture distribution for this medium and have demonstrated that the flow can be effectively one-dimensional. The method was used for steady state measurements of hydraulic conductivity <i>K</i> for relatively dry soil, giving values as low as 7.6 × 10<sup>−11</sup> m/s with data obtained in a few hours. Darcy's law was tested by measuring <i>K</i> for different centrifugal driving forces but with the same water content. For the sand at a bulk density of 1.82 Mg/m<sup>3</sup> and 27% saturation, results were consistent with Darcy's law for <i>K</i> equal to 5.22 × 10<sup>−10</sup> m/s and forces ranging from 216 to 1650 times normal gravity.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i001p00124","usgsCitation":"Nimmo, J.R., Rubin, J., and Hammermeister, D., 1987, Unsaturated flow in a centrifugal field: Measurement of hydraulic conductivity and testing of Darcy's Law: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 1, p. 124-134, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i001p00124.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"134","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223865,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbb3fe4b08c986b3285ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nimmo, John R. 0000-0001-8191-1727 jrnimmo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-1727","contributorId":757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nimmo","given":"John","email":"jrnimmo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, J.","contributorId":26433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hammermeister, D.P.","contributorId":27066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammermeister","given":"D.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015266,"text":"70015266 - 1987 - An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T00:43:21.564384","indexId":"70015266","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA)","docAbstract":"<p>A closed-system model is used for predicting the δ<sup>18</sup>O of formation waters in the deep portions of the northern Green River basin, Wyoming. δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>is calculated from this modeled water and compared with the δ<sup>18</sup>O of measured calcites to help interpret diagenesis in the basin.</p><p>The modification of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O<sub>water</sub>, which may be caused by diagenetic reactions at elevated temperatures, is modeled from two mass-balance equations. Three diagenetic reactions used to modify δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>water</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>include: detrital limestoneå calcite cement; detrital quartz→ quartz cement; and detrital clay å authigenic illite/smectite. A weighted average δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>water</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and δ<sup>18</sup>O of calcite, quartz and illite/smectite in equilibrium with this water are calculated at 500-m increments. For a closed-system model, calculated variables at one depth are used for input variables at the next depth. An open system can be crudely simulated by adjusting the input variables at each depth.</p><p>Petrographic and hydrologic data suggest that throughout much of the basin an open hydrochemical system overlies a relatively closed system which is below 3000 m. From the surface to 3000 m deep, δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>measured in sandstone cements deviates from calculated<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>for the closed-system model. Below 3000 m, δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>of cement and bulk shale converge from opposite directions with increasing depth toward the calculated δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub>. Adjusting the calculated δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>to match the measured δ<sup>18</sup>O<sub>calcite</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>indicates that the deviation above 3000 m results from mixing of meteoric waters with<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>18</sup>O-rich formation water.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(87)90067-4","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Dickinson, W.W., 1987, An oxygen isotope model for interpreting carbonate diagenesis in nonmarine rocks (Green River Basin, Wyoming, USA): Chemical Geology, v. 65, no. 2, p. 103-116, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(87)90067-4.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"103","endPage":"116","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223811,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eaafe4b0c8380cd489f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dickinson, W. W.","contributorId":97123,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dickinson","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015264,"text":"70015264 - 1987 - External effects of irrigators' pumping decisions, high plains aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:07:48","indexId":"70015264","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"External effects of irrigators' pumping decisions, high plains aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>The High Plains aquifer, which underlies about 174,000 square miles (1 square mile = 2.59 km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) in the Great Plains, is the principal source of water in one of the nation's major agricultural areas. This paper examines relationships between the scale of management areas and physical factors, resulting from the lateral movement of groundwater, that limit the ability of irrigators in the High Plains to reduce their own future pumping lifts. At the scale of individual farms, irrigators have very limited ability to “bank” water in order to obtain reduced future pumping lifts. On the other hand, at the scales typical of regional management, reductions in pumpage will result primarily in reductions in water level declines within the management area.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i007p01123","usgsCitation":"Alley, W.M., and Schefter, J.E., 1987, External effects of irrigators' pumping decisions, high plains aquifer: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 7, p. 1123-1130, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i007p01123.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1123","endPage":"1130","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223760,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains","volume":"23","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a046ee4b0c8380cd509a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Alley, William M. walley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alley","given":"William","email":"walley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":370493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schefter, John E.","contributorId":21155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schefter","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015250,"text":"70015250 - 1987 - The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-12T00:27:14.872218","indexId":"70015250","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1587,"text":"Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>The distribution of dissolved ammonium, adsorbed ammonium and residual, organic and total nitrogen was measured in Potomac River tidal, transition zone and lower estuary sediments to a depth of 66 cm. For these sediments, exchangeable ammonium, and thereby adsorbed ammonium concentrations, were determined directly using an ammonia electrode in alkaline sediment suspensions. Ammonia electrode data were comparable to data obtained by KCl extraction of fresh sediment. The conventional unitless ammonium adsorption coefficient, calculated as the slope of the regression line drawn when sediment-adsorbed ammonium (μmol g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt of sediment) is plotted against interstitial water ammonium (μmol g</span><sup>−1</sup><span>&nbsp;dry wt sediment), is 1·5 for this system. When a modified ammonium adsorption coefficient is calculated from sediment-adsorbed ammonium concentrations and a ratio of interstitial water ammonium and potassium concentrations, the regression equation through the data has a zero intercept and is more nearly linear than the regression equation of data based on conventional calculations. The use of a ratio including ammonium and potassium concentrations in the interstitial water term takes into account ionic strength variations in the estuary and competition between ammonium and potassium for adsorption sites.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0272-7714(87)90022-9","issn":"02727714","usgsCitation":"Simon, N., and Kennedy, M., 1987, The distribution of nitrogen species and adsorption of ammonium in sediments from the tidal Potomac River and estuary: Estuarine, Coastal and Shelf Science, v. 25, no. 1, p. 11-26, https://doi.org/10.1016/0272-7714(87)90022-9.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"11","endPage":"26","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223592,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.34207852684263,\n              38.06886994683887\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.40551007139837,\n              38.17781945022364\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.42876830440225,\n              38.20606984048669\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.47422757800081,\n              38.23098755432915\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.49114265654924,\n              38.22517418436536\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.46577003872686,\n              38.185298561102684\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.48691388691225,\n              38.17532624265576\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.51651527437163,\n              38.19693120748664\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.56514612519791,\n              38.22600469423463\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62646328493516,\n              38.240952250404604\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.64866432552981,\n              38.240952250404604\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6254060925259,\n              38.258387182546414\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.61483416843295,\n              38.28577648207204\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.65923624962225,\n              38.29739306390175\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6645222116685,\n              38.28577648207204\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.64972151793906,\n              38.276647863341736\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6835516750354,\n              38.27415804084217\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.69306640671861,\n              38.28660629958256\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.72055340935951,\n              38.32808507809213\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7364112954987,\n              38.32808507809213\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.74486883477263,\n              38.29490395290733\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.74909760441014,\n              38.2658580159401\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.76601268295808,\n              38.25589673402342\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7860993387342,\n              38.27498799116097\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80618599451039,\n              38.30651907365353\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.82204388064905,\n              38.333890214001315\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80724318691962,\n              38.34964466724409\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.77447022223251,\n              38.37119783996437\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.79138530078043,\n              38.375341945165474\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.8294442275143,\n              38.36290891756249\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.86221719220138,\n              38.39605891084375\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.90890930485487,\n              38.42114243221593\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.94379665436095,\n              38.4302528540388\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.95013980881644,\n              38.40623199046897\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.928995960631,\n              38.37805942840836\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87296476294003,\n              38.35816630605157\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.88142230221396,\n              38.3291457019273\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87085037812152,\n              38.309239139901024\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.87296476294003,\n              38.29347590216463\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.90150895799015,\n              38.326657680595076\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.928995960631,\n              38.3440720362176\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.96705488736437,\n              38.36065324537566\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.97974119627582,\n              38.39546142459474\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01251416096291,\n              38.45260992584389\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02202889264663,\n              38.469993971652826\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0146285457814,\n              38.49564847645243\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01251416096291,\n              38.523775174298464\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.03260081673908,\n              38.51798528172742\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.03682958637606,\n              38.491511270748475\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05057308769675,\n              38.48240858196698\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06643097383542,\n              38.45757722359019\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06748816624466,\n              38.4377059807108\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08863201443008,\n              38.42611189567626\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0748885131099,\n              38.47164937654705\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12669094116393,\n              38.480753424113914\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.14254882730258,\n              38.47578772251032\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.19858002499362,\n              38.427768307515066\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1890652933104,\n              38.42114243221593\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.13832005766562,\n              38.43439357495123\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.13832005766562,\n              38.411202479598785\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.15100636657708,\n              38.3938042720267\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.20598037185884,\n              38.368113550740816\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.24086772136444,\n              38.3880039389432\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25672560750363,\n              38.41782926662873\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.24826806822915,\n              38.432737315081084\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25778279991286,\n              38.449298204016856\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25672560750363,\n              38.460888565419\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.26412595436834,\n              38.48323614664005\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25038245304764,\n              38.51467656258043\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.21972387317902,\n              38.540315158015574\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.16369267548802,\n              38.55933143830225\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.11717620948022,\n              38.58908595321367\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12986251839166,\n              38.60561091375848\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.09497516888557,\n              38.627913575398935\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08334605238385,\n              38.65103493643508\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.1023755157508,\n              38.65103493643508\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.10343270816003,\n              38.66919648701017\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08863201443008,\n              38.68075143933589\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06537378142619,\n              38.68900383467326\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04528712565002,\n              38.68900383467326\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.99242750518674,\n              38.68900383467326\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.99348469759678,\n              38.701451258103276\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01251416096319,\n              38.71052621417084\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.99982785205225,\n              38.72454888065863\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.99877065964301,\n              38.75176149637272\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01885731541866,\n              38.76083006398281\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01991450782839,\n              38.774018650793096\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.00828539132618,\n              38.79050095565074\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01780012300941,\n              38.809450896012464\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02202889264689,\n              38.821806837748454\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01145696855396,\n              38.85639206960127\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.01780012300941,\n              38.88355438723147\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04105835601332,\n              38.89672025939464\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0664309738357,\n              38.89260618648683\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0706597434727,\n              38.88108551453317\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0526874725155,\n              38.85886180008424\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05374466492474,\n              38.83004294131959\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04740151046929,\n              38.80533177242998\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06431658901721,\n              38.78390849088868\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05797343456173,\n              38.771545976475664\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05057308769703,\n              38.72537365771288\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.06748816624493,\n              38.72207449237263\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.0706597434727,\n              38.737744171054146\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08968920683961,\n              38.74021801665373\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08968920683961,\n              38.71382591262133\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.10448990056953,\n              38.703926360348675\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12880532598268,\n              38.71135115306214\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.13726286525667,\n              38.70475137539245\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.12986251839192,\n              38.691549992465866\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.13726286525667,\n              38.6808220747084\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.15734952103278,\n              38.69650079661278\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.19540844776616,\n              38.690724825128086\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.19540844776616,\n              38.675044837404755\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.16052109826053,\n              38.66266347296593\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.18060775403673,\n              38.66101246260243\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.22289545040705,\n              38.67669552421839\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.24932526063866,\n              38.67834617296492\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.24826806822941,\n              38.661837972541605\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.24086772136471,\n              38.646977337794056\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25566841509465,\n              38.640371621706095\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25778279991314,\n              38.61229053568712\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.27786945568879,\n              38.61889883937599\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28632699496329,\n              38.61146445492125\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.26941191641485,\n              38.59246197216416\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28632699496329,\n              38.5941145616992\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28738418737252,\n              38.581719212940925\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.26729753159636,\n              38.56601536626343\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.28844137978176,\n              38.556922096635276\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.30958522796716,\n              38.56932172451562\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32161100305972,\n              38.55572943358155\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.30152434728353,\n              38.5334043423409\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.31209627137652,\n              38.517689938771525\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34486923606362,\n              38.52099851941708\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.3469836208821,\n              38.50528140695482\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32161100305972,\n              38.49369818131481\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32901134992494,\n              38.471353843577646\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33218292715264,\n              38.43078531804434\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.38187097038822,\n              38.46721524312153\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.39244289448067,\n              38.44569069207279\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.37129904629526,\n              38.42250322494067\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.36072712220279,\n              38.405107738083046\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32901134992494,\n              38.386050733192576\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.33852608160817,\n              38.3736195457312\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.34592642847286,\n              38.35869930118554\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.37869939315998,\n              38.35869930118554\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.37024185388601,\n              38.34377598108017\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.32795415751569,\n              38.33133753187863\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.29518119282808,\n              38.33382539255217\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.25606507368549,\n              38.32470281918074\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.20003387599449,\n              38.33299611515116\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.16303214166987,\n              38.336313167810204\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.135545139029,\n              38.35787030852924\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.08268551856574,\n              38.35952828435015\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.04885536146939,\n              38.392679826349735\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.023482743647,\n              38.37444835801949\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02559712846548,\n              38.342946817569725\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.07317078688251,\n              38.32470281918074\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.09960059711418,\n              38.29483909659646\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.07845674892876,\n              38.27907273006747\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.05942728556184,\n              38.27658299071757\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.03828343737642,\n              38.289860613997774\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02453993605624,\n              38.28239224972742\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.03828343737642,\n              38.260812658995974\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.98965258655065,\n              38.263302939018416\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.98965258655065,\n              38.23424436097727\n            ],\n            [\n              -77.02982589810246,\n              38.19188106687983\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.95370804463528,\n              38.19354283707207\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.92622104199441,\n              38.16611878058768\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.89827827195955,\n              38.17173019455004\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.84436145908703,\n              38.15510581080528\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.80524533994395,\n              38.15344316394328\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.77775833730306,\n              38.14180357460776\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.76401483598288,\n              38.101882313158285\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7037548686549,\n              38.050285052011304\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.68366821287874,\n              38.056944808514146\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.69001136733421,\n              38.07941701271449\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.71221240792885,\n              38.094394646843114\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.7037548686549,\n              38.101882313158285\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.6498380557824,\n              38.086906213345145\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.62235105314099,\n              38.09855455617995\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.60120720495608,\n              38.075256014237596\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.59592124290936,\n              38.03196759736275\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.59803562772838,\n              38.00198369818412\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.5388328528091,\n              37.964486576753444\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.49548796402954,\n              37.92196667958871\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.45848622970493,\n              37.91863074528128\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.4225416877901,\n              37.93530890362172\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.39294030033072,\n              37.90945614575212\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.3569957584154,\n              37.90528549498727\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.31893683168204,\n              37.886097456828466\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.25550528712583,\n              37.845201916762235\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.23859020857788,\n              37.886097456828466\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.34207852684263,\n              38.06886994683887\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baad7e4b08c986b322a4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simon, N.S.","contributorId":103272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simon","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, M.M.","contributorId":10817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"M.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015241,"text":"70015241 - 1987 - PHYSICAL MODELING OF CONTRACTED FLOW.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015241","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"PHYSICAL MODELING OF CONTRACTED FLOW.","docAbstract":"Experiments on steady flow over uniform grass roughness through centered single-opening contractions were conducted in the Flood Plain Simulation Facility at the U. S. Geological Survey's Gulf Coast Hydroscience Center near Bay St. Louis, Miss. The experimental series was designed to provide data for calibrating and verifying two-dimensional, vertically averaged surface-water flow models used to simulate flow through openings in highway embankments across inundated flood plains. Water-surface elevations, point velocities, and vertical velocity profiles were obtained at selected locations for design discharges ranging from 50 to 210 cfs. Examples of observed water-surface elevations and velocity magnitudes at basin cross-sections are presented.","conferenceTitle":"Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Williamsburg, VA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872626105","usgsCitation":"Lee, J.K., 1987, PHYSICAL MODELING OF CONTRACTED FLOW., Hydraulic Engineering, Proceedings of the 1987 National Conference., Williamsburg, VA, USA, p. 25-30.","startPage":"25","endPage":"30","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224298,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7358e4b0c8380cd76f9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lee, Jonathan K.","contributorId":60186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Jonathan","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370417,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015240,"text":"70015240 - 1987 - SEA-ICE INFLUENCE ON ARCTIC COASTAL RETREAT.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015240","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SEA-ICE INFLUENCE ON ARCTIC COASTAL RETREAT.","docAbstract":"Recent studies document the effectiveness of sea ice in reshaping the seafloor of the inner shelf into sharp-relief features, including ice gouges with jagged flanking ridges, ice-wallow relief, and 2- to 6-m-deep strudel-scour craters. These ice-related relief forms are in disequilibrium with classic open-water hydraulic processes and thus are smoothed over by waves and currents in one to two years. Such alternate reworking of the shelf by ice and currents - two diverse types of processes, which in the case of ice wallow act in unison-contributes to sediment mobility and, thus, to sediment loss from the coast and inner shelf. The bulldozing action by ice results in coast-parallel sediment displacement. Additionally, suspension of sediment by frazil and anchor ice, followed by ice rafting, can move large amounts of bottom-derived materials. Our understanding of all these processes is insufficient to model Arctic coastal processes.","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Sediments '87, Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Advances in Understanding of Coastal Sediment Processes.","conferenceLocation":"New Orleans, LA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","usgsCitation":"Reimnitz, E., and Barnes, P.W., 1987, SEA-ICE INFLUENCE ON ARCTIC COASTAL RETREAT., Coastal Sediments '87, Proceedings of a Specialty Conference on Advances in Understanding of Coastal Sediment Processes., v. 2, New Orleans, LA, USA, p. 1578-1591.","startPage":"1578","endPage":"1591","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224297,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf1ae4b0c8380cd873bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reimnitz, Erk","contributorId":17963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimnitz","given":"Erk","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370416,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barnes, P. W.","contributorId":8819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370415,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015237,"text":"70015237 - 1987 - Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-10T21:28:00.671934","indexId":"70015237","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"ab1\" class=\"abstract author\" lang=\"en\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id3\"><p>Measurements of stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from the island of Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan, confirm that a large amount (1.6–2.4 wt.%) of primary water was present in these unusual magmas. An enrichment of 0.6‰ in<sup>18</sup>O during differentiation is explained by crystallization of<sup>18</sup>O-depleted mafic phases. Silicic glasses have elevated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δ<sup>18</sup>O</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values and relatively low<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δD</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values indicating that they were modified by low-temperature alteration and hydration processes. Mafic glasses, on the other hand, have for the most part retained their primary isotopic signatures since Eocene time. Primary<span>&nbsp;</span><i>δD</i><span>&nbsp;</span>values of −53 for boninite glasses are higher than those of MORB and suggest that the water was derived from subducted oceanic lithosphere.</p></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0012-821X(87)90108-7","issn":"0012821X","usgsCitation":"Dobson, P., and O’Neil, J.R., 1987, Stable isotope compositions and water contents of boninite series volcanic rocks from Chichi-jima, Bonin Islands, Japan: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 82, no. 1-2, p. 75-86, https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821X(87)90108-7.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"75","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":487255,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0012-821x(87)90108-7","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224245,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"82","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b966de4b08c986b31b4d8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dobson, P.F.","contributorId":68466,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dobson","given":"P.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370407,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Neil, J. R.","contributorId":69633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370408,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015236,"text":"70015236 - 1987 - Studies of Quaternary saline lakes-III. Mineral, chemical, and isotopic evidence of salt solution and crystallization processes in Owens Lake, California, 1969-1971","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-03T15:34:39.520601","indexId":"70015236","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Studies of Quaternary saline lakes-III. Mineral, chemical, and isotopic evidence of salt solution and crystallization processes in Owens Lake, California, 1969-1971","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>As a consequence of the 1969–1970 flooding of normally dry Owens Lake, a 2.4-m-deep lake formed and 20% of the 2-m-thick salt bed dissolved in it. Its desiccation began August 1969, and salts started crystallizing September 1970, ending August 1971. Mineralogic, brine-composition, and stable-isotope data plus field observations showed that while the evolving brine composition established the general crystallization timetable and range of primary and secondary mineral assemblages, it was the daily, monthly, and seasonal temperature changes that controlled the details of timing and mineralogy during this depositional process. Deuterium analyses of lake brine, interstitial brine, and hydrated saline phases helped confirm the sequence of mineral crystallizations and transformations, and they documented the sources and temperatures of waters involved in the reactions.</p><p>Salts first crystallized as floating rafts on the lake surface. Natron and mirabilite, salts whose solubilities decrease greatly with lowering temperatures, crystallized late at night in winter, when surface-water temperatures reached their minima; trona, nahcolite, burkeite, and halite, salts with solubilities less sensitive to temperature, crystallized during the afternoon in summer, when surface salinities reached their maxima. However, different temperatures were generally associated with crystallization (at the surface) and accumulation (on the lake floor) because short-term temperature changes were transmitted to surface and bottom waters at different rates. Consequently, even when solubilities were exceeded at the surface, salts were preserved or not as a function of bottom-water temperatures. Halite, a nearly temperature-insensitive salt, was always preserved.</p><p>Monitoring the lake-brine chemistry and mineralogy of the accumulating salts shows: (1) An estimated 0.9 × 10<sup>6</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>tons of CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>was released to the atmosphere or consumed by the lake's biomass prior to most salt crystallization. (2) After deposition, some salts reacted<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>to form other minerals in less than one month, and all salts (except halite) decomposed or recrystallized at least once in response to seasons. (3) Warming in early 1971 caused solution of all the mirabilite and some of the natron deposited a few months earlier, a deepening of the lake (though the lake-surface lowered), and an increase in dissolved solids. (4) Phase and solubility-index data suggest that at the close of desiccation, Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub>·7H<sub>2</sub>O, never reported as a mineral, could have been the next phase to crystallize.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0016-7037(87)90095-0","issn":"00167037","usgsCitation":"Smith, G., Friedman, I., and McLaughlin, R.J., 1987, Studies of Quaternary saline lakes-III. Mineral, chemical, and isotopic evidence of salt solution and crystallization processes in Owens Lake, California, 1969-1971: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, v. 51, no. 4, p. 811-827, https://doi.org/10.1016/0016-7037(87)90095-0.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"811","endPage":"827","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224244,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9c8ce4b08c986b31d430","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, G.I.","contributorId":103694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"G.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friedman, I.","contributorId":95596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, R. J. 0000-0002-4390-2288","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4390-2288","contributorId":107271,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015235,"text":"70015235 - 1987 - Hydraulic/Chemical Changes During Ground-Water Recharge by Injection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T11:23:25.411327","indexId":"70015235","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydraulic/Chemical Changes During Ground-Water Recharge by Injection","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group \"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Ground-water recharge by injection of reclaimed water is a feasible method of improving ground-water quality in the shallow aquifer system in the Palo Alto Baylands along the San Francisco Bay. Ground water was initially more saline than sea water. Reclaimed water was injected at a rate of 10 gallons per minute from June 5, 1980, to July 1, 1980. At the completion of injection, water from an observation well 31 feet from the injection well was 98 percent injected water-in essence, fresh water.</p><p>An abrupt rise in the water level in the injection well of about 1.5 feet during the initial injection test was the result of a 3.5 percent density difference between injected fresh water and saline ground water. The arrival of injected water at observation wells showed the same effect, allowing monitoring of chemical and hydraulic changes entirely through water-level data.</p><p>The initially sodic clays in the confining layer were expected to swell as the saline ground water (sodium source) was diluted by recharge water. The sodium ion causes excessive coordination with the hydronium ion (H<sub>3</sub>O<sup>+</sup>) in the clay lattice, resulting in expansion as the saline water is diluted. X-ray diffraction analysis of clay samples soaked first in native and then in injected water showed this effect. Calcium replaces sodium and limits expansion.</p><p>Prior to injection the saline ground water was supersaturated with calcite. Dilution, as injection proceeded, eventually produced an undersaturation of calcite. An increase in well specific capacity indicates that calcite dissolved from the aquifer matrix, improving hydraulic conductivity.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02130.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Hamlin, S.N., 1987, Hydraulic/Chemical Changes During Ground-Water Recharge by Injection: Groundwater, v. 25, no. 3, p. 267-274, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02130.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"267","endPage":"274","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224194,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e89e4b0c8380cd5c62e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamlin, Scott N.","contributorId":27040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamlin","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370403,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015234,"text":"70015234 - 1987 - Early diagenesis of organic matter in a Sawgrass peat from the Everglades, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-23T12:07:28.49921","indexId":"70015234","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Early diagenesis of organic matter in a Sawgrass peat from the Everglades, Florida","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id4\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id5\"><p>The transformation of plant biopolymers to humic substances in peats during early diagenesis is a critical but poorly understood step in the formation of coal. This paper presents results concerning the structural interrelationships among various fractions of the organic matter in peat and the dissolved organic matter in the pore water from a site in The Everglades, relying primarily on elemental analysis and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>13</sup>C nuclear magnetic resonance for structural elucidation. Our goal was to obtaine some insight into the sequence of steps involved in the formation of humic substances</p><p>Results show that the major change occurring in the whole peat during diagenesis is loss of carbohydrates. The components of the peat which are more resistant to microbial degradation become concentrated in the humin fraction. This resistant fraction of the organic matter includes aliphatic and aromatic components. The aromatic components are thought to be derived from lignin while the aliphatic moieties may represent decomposed algal remains. The carbohydrates lost from the whole peat appear to be concentrated in the fulvic acids and the dissolved organic matter in the pore water. The humic acids consist predominantly of aromatic and aliphatic structures, and may represent partially degraded lignin-like structures and aliphatic compounds from algae. The data presented here suggest that humic and fulvic acids are the partially degraded fractions of the peat while the humin contains the resistant or preserved portion of the organic matter. The proposition that humic substances are formed by the condensation of amino acids and sugars is not supported by the results of this study.</p></div></div></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0166-5162(87)90021-8","issn":"01665162","usgsCitation":"Orem, W., and Hatcher, P.G., 1987, Early diagenesis of organic matter in a Sawgrass peat from the Everglades, Florida: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 8, no. 1-2, p. 33-54, https://doi.org/10.1016/0166-5162(87)90021-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"33","endPage":"54","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224193,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0484e4b0c8380cd50a1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orem, W. H. 0000-0003-4990-0539","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4990-0539","contributorId":93084,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orem","given":"W. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, Patrick G.","contributorId":93625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370402,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}