{"pageNumber":"1949","pageRowStart":"48700","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68922,"records":[{"id":70014118,"text":"70014118 - 1987 - Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-16T16:32:13.027872","indexId":"70014118","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":701,"text":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation","docAbstract":"

Evaluation of the effect of pressure on the temperature of interlayer water loss (dehydration) by smectites under diagenetic conditions indicates that smectites are stable as hydrated phases in the deep subsurface. Hydraulic and differential pressure conditions affect dehydration differently. Smectites under hydraulic pressure conditions, such as in the pores of a sandstone, will retain at least two water layers (basal spacing, d001 = 15A). Smectites under differential pressure for vertical effective stress conditions, such as in compacting shales, are stable as two-water-layer complexes to temperatures of 67°-81°C (153°-178°F), at which one water layer will be expelled. Loss of the remaining water layer requires temperatures of 172°-19 °C (342°-377°F).

The temperatures of dehydration increase with pore fluid pressure and interlayer water density. The stability of hydrated smectite under hydraulic-pressure conditions indicates that simple thermal dehydration of smectite is not important in the development of abnormally high subsurface fluid pressures. Loss of water by smectite in a shale of low permeability may cause overpressuring; however, the resulting increase in fluid pressure will inhibit further dehydration.

The temperatures of dehydration under differential-pressure conditions are inversely related to pressure and interlayer water density. The temperature range for interlayer water loss by smectite under differential-pressure conditions is approximately coincident with the beginning of the smectite-to-illite transformation and hydrocarbon generation. The model presented assumes the effects of pore fluid composition and 2:1 layer reactivity to be negligible. Agreement between theoretical and experimental results validate this assumption. However, changes in the chemical stability of the 2:1 layer with decreasing interlayer water content, increasing pressure and temperature, and changing pore-fluid chemistry may be important in initiating clay and organic matter transformations. Changes in clay stability with interlayer water loss may also be responsible for the different rates of smectite-to-illite transformation observed in interbedded sandstones and shales.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Colten-Bradley, V., 1987, Role of pressure in smectite dehydration: Effects on geopressure and smectite-to-illite transformation: American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, v. 71, no. 11, p. 1414-1427, https://doi.org/10.1306/703C8092-1707-11D7-8645000102C1865D.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1414","endPage":"1427","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225358,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a9369e4b0c8380cd80dc9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Colten-Bradley, Virginia","contributorId":103418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Colten-Bradley","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014112,"text":"70014112 - 1987 - The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-21T11:09:22","indexId":"70014112","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways","docAbstract":"

A two-component soil water flow model was used in conjunction with an equilibrium speciation model WATEQF to study aluminum mobility in soils of a forested watershed, White Oak Run, in the Shenandoah National Park, Virginia. Soil solution samples, taken from the O, E, B, C1, and C2horizons, were collected from zero-tension lysimeters designed to collect faster gravitational macropore flow and tension lysimeters designed to collect slower capillary micropore flow. Dissolved aluminum was fractionated into acid-soluble, inorganic monomeric, and organic monomeric aluminum. Soil water aluminum concentrations decreased with depth indicating that the deep soil is a sink for aluminum. All waters contained significant concentrations of acid-soluble aluminum and exhibited a negative correlation between pH and the inorganic monomeric aluminum concentrations. Water in the shallow soil showed distinctly different chemical compositions for the two flow types, while C horizon micropore and macropore waters were more similar. Because of its shorter residence time, water flowing in deep soil macropores underwent less extensive neutralization and immobilization of aqueous aluminum than micropore water. The O horizon macropore waters were undersaturated for all hydroxide, silicate, and sulfate mineral phases considered. The C horizon samples from both flow types were near equilibrium with respect to kaolinite and synthetic gibbsite, indicating that mineral solubility controls water chemistry in the deep soil, while organic substances are the key control in the shallow macropore waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR023i005p00859","usgsCitation":"Cozzarelli, I.M., Herman, J.S., and Parnell, R.A., 1987, The mobilization of aluminum in a natural soil system: Effects of hydrologic pathways: Water Resources Research, v. 23, no. 5, p. 859-874, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR023i005p00859.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"859","endPage":"874","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"23","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505baddee4b08c986b323e32","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cozzarelli, Isabelle M. 0000-0002-5123-1007 icozzare@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5123-1007","contributorId":1693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cozzarelli","given":"Isabelle","email":"icozzare@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":367609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, Janet S.","contributorId":62138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Roderic A. Jr.","contributorId":108259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Roderic","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014108,"text":"70014108 - 1987 - Isotopic composition of pyrite: Relationship to organic matter type and iron availability in some North American cretaceous shales","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-17T01:04:56.721853","indexId":"70014108","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1214,"text":"Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of pyrite: Relationship to organic matter type and iron availability in some North American cretaceous shales","docAbstract":"

The S isotope composition of pyrite in Cretaceous shales from the Western Interior of North America is related to organic C abundance, kerogen type and Fe availability. Both calcareous and noncalcareous rocks show a correlation between S and C, but noncalcareous rocks are relatively enriched in S with a higher S/C ratio. This higher ratio probably shows that pyrite formation was Fe limited in the calcareous rocks. Organic-carbon-rich noncalcareous shales accumulated slowly beneath anoxic bottom waters. The anoxic bottom waters allowed hydrogen-rich organic matter to be preserved. Such shales have a narrow range of 34S-depleted sulfide and have Fe/S ratios like stoichiometric pyrite, suggesting that pyrite formation in organic-rich shales was also limited by Fe availability. Conversely, organic-poor shales commonly accumulated at comparatively high rates, contain hydrogen-poor and refractory organic matter, and have a wide range of pyrite-S isotopic compositions. These organic-poor shales contain post-sulfidic authigenic minerals such as siderite and have excess reactive Fe rather than pyrite stoichiometry. Evidently Fe played a large role in early diagenesis and determined the course of post-sulfidic diagenesis. Fe availability was, however, mainly controlled by provenance, by the rates of sediment accumulation, and by the oxygen content of the depositional environment.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-9622(87)90009-1","issn":"01689622","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., 1987, Isotopic composition of pyrite: Relationship to organic matter type and iron availability in some North American cretaceous shales: Chemical Geology: Isotope Geoscience Section, v. 65, no. 3-4, p. 293-303, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-9622(87)90009-1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"293","endPage":"303","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226134,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3fa4e4b0c8380cd646b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, D. L.","contributorId":69996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014107,"text":"70014107 - 1987 - Geochemistry of metal-rich brines from central Mississippi Salt Dome basin, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T11:48:25.918568","indexId":"70014107","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemistry of metal-rich brines from central Mississippi Salt Dome basin, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"

Oil-field brines are the most favored ore-forming solutions for the sediment-hosted Mississippi Valley-type ore deposits. Detailed inorganic and organic chemical and isotope analyses of water and gas samples from six oil fields in central Mississippi, one of the very few areas with high metal brines, were conducted to study the inorganic and organic complexes responsible for the high concentrations of these metals. The samples were obtained from production zones consisting of sandstone and limestone that range in depth from 1900 to 4000 m (70–120°C) and in age from Late Cretaceous to Late Jurassic. Results show that the waters are dominantly bittern brines related to the Louann Salt. The brines have extremely high salinities that range from 160,000 to 320,000 mg/l total dissolved solids and are Na\"singleCa\"singleCl-type waters with very high concentrations of Ca (up to 48,000 mg/l) and other alkaline-earth metals, but with low concentrations of aliphatic acid anions. The concentrations of metals in many water samples are very high, reaching values of 70 mg/l for Pb, 245 mg/l for Zn, 465 mg/l for Fe and 210 mg/l for Mn. The samples with high metal contents have extremely low concentrations (<0.02 mg/l) of H2S. Samples obtained from the Smackover Formation (limestone) have low metal contents that are more typical of oil-field waters, but have very high concentrations (up to 85 mg/l) of H2S. Computations with the geochemical code SOLMINEQ.87 give the following results: (1) both Pb and Zn are present predominantly as aqueous chloride complexes (mainly as PbCl42− and ZnCl42−, respectively); (2) the concentrations of metals complexed with short-chained aliphatic acid anions and reduced S species are minor; (3) organic acid anions are important in controlling the concentrations of metals because they affect the pH and buffer capacity of the waters at subsurface conditions; and (4) galena and sphalerite solubilities control the concentrations of Pb and Zn in these waters.

","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(87)90008-4","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y., Maest, A., Carothers, W., Law, L.M., Lamothe, P.J., and Fries, T.L., 1987, Geochemistry of metal-rich brines from central Mississippi Salt Dome basin, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 2, no. 5-6, p. 543-561, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(87)90008-4.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"543","endPage":"561","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1701e4b0c8380cd55350","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Y.K.","contributorId":23568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Y.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maest, A.S.","contributorId":86364,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maest","given":"A.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carothers, W.W.","contributorId":43803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carothers","given":"W.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Law, LeRoy M.","contributorId":104603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Law","given":"LeRoy","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lamothe, P. J.","contributorId":45672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamothe","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fries, T. L.","contributorId":12053,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fries","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70014106,"text":"70014106 - 1987 - 36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-06T19:39:06","indexId":"70014106","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2909,"text":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland","docAbstract":"The Aquia Formation (Paleocene) of Southern Maryland, a marine unit consisting predominantly of quartz sands, but containing 20-40% glauconite, represents one of the many productive, heavily pumped aquifers of the Southeastern Coastal Plain. An unusually high 36Cl activity ( ~ 15 ?? modem water) measured in an outcrop sample is interpreted as a result of the bomb pulse input. About 25 km downdip from the recharge area, a minimum in total chloride concentration occurs. This minimum is thought to correlate with the latest low-stand of sea-level, and thus to provide time information which is in general agreement with ages calculated from hydrodynamic data. However, significant increases in the 36Cl concentrations are observed along the flow path which may be due to ion filtration or to leakage of modem, bomb-contaminated water into the Aquia aquifer. ?? 1987.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0168-583X(87)90266-7","issn":"0168583X","usgsCitation":"Purdy, C., Mignerey, A., Helz, G., Drummond, D., Kubik, P., Elmore, D., and Hemmick, T., 1987, 36Cl: A tracer in groundwater in the aquia formation of Southern Maryland: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section B: Beam Interactions with Materials and Atoms, v. 29, no. 1-2, p. 372-375, https://doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(87)90266-7.","startPage":"372","endPage":"375","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":268848,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0168-583X(87)90266-7"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e25be4b0c8380cd45aeb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purdy, C.B.","contributorId":76075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purdy","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367590,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mignerey, A.C.","contributorId":63177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mignerey","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367589,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helz, G.R.","contributorId":96823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Drummond, D.D.","contributorId":45471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drummond","given":"D.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367587,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kubik, P.W.","contributorId":21691,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kubik","given":"P.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Elmore, D.","contributorId":83268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elmore","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367591,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hemmick, T.","contributorId":61577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hemmick","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367588,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70014105,"text":"70014105 - 1987 - Columbia Glacier, Alaska: Changes in velocity 1977-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:11:36.183913","indexId":"70014105","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Columbia Glacier, Alaska: Changes in velocity 1977-1986","docAbstract":"

The Columbia Glacier, a grounded, iceberg-calving tidewater glacier near Valdez, Alaska, began to retreat about 1977. Drastic retreat occurred in 1984, and by early 1986, retreat amounted to 2 km. The glacier has thinned more than 100 m since 1974 at a point 4 km behind the 1974 terminus position. Between 1977 and 1985 the lower glacier ice velocity increased from 3–8 m/d to 10–15 m/d. Ice velocity in the region 0.5 km above the terminus was highest near the time the glacier was most receded (late fall), and lowest near the time of maximum length (early summer), for years 1977–1982. Velocity in the region 52–57 from the head of the glacier was highest in mid-spring, and lowest in early fall from 1977 to 1985. Through the years 1983–1985, the dates of maximum and minimum velocities within 0.5 km of the receding terminus tended toward the dates of the 52–57 km maximum and minimums. This occurred because as the terminus receded, it was no longer strongly influenced by the reverse slope of the terminal moraine shoal. Velocities near the terminus fluctuated by 2–3 m/d during summer and fall, when liquid water input was variable, and were relatively constant during winter. Hourly variations in ice velocities are controlled by liquid water input to the glacier hydraulic system and tide stage. Velocity increases near periods of high surface water input and decreases during periods of high tide as a result of hydrostatic back pressure.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB092iB09p08961","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., and Vaughn, B.H., 1987, Columbia Glacier, Alaska: Changes in velocity 1977-1986: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 92, no. B9, p. 8961-8968, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB092iB09p08961.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8961","endPage":"8968","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226131,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"92","issue":"B9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7cce4b0c8380cd4cce9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, R. M.","contributorId":81093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vaughn, B. H.","contributorId":63806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaughn","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014104,"text":"70014104 - 1987 - Volcanic processes in the Solar System","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:35","indexId":"70014104","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1437,"text":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Volcanic processes in the Solar System","docAbstract":"This article stresses that terrestrial volcanism represents only part of the range of volcanism in the solar system. Earth processes of volcanicity are dominated by plate tectonics, which does not seem to operate on other planets, except possibly on Venus. Lunar volcanicity is dominated by lava effusion at enormous rates. Mars is similar, with the addition to huge shield volcanoes developed over fixed hotspots. Io, the moon closest to Jupiter, is the most active body in the Solar System and, for example, much sulphur and silicates are emitted. The eruptions of Io are generated by heating caused by tides induced by Jupiter. Europa nearby seems to emit water from fractures and Ganymede is similar. The satellites of Saturn and Uranus are also marked by volcanic craters, but they are of very low temperature melts, possibly of ammonia and water. The volcanism of the solar system is generally more exotic, the greater the distance from Earth. -A.Scarth","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1987, Volcanic processes in the Solar System: Earthquakes & Volcanoes (USGS), v. 19, no. 4, p. 128-137.","startPage":"128","endPage":"137","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226068,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc2ffe4b08c986b32aed1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":367583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014097,"text":"70014097 - 1987 - Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-20T22:50:56.586809","indexId":"70014097","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique","docAbstract":"

Aquifer diffusivity (transmissivity divided by storage coefficient) was calculated for three sites in a glacial-autwash valley aquifer near Cortland, New York from water-level fluctuations induced by rises in stream stage. The observed response data were analyzed through use of a one-dimensional floodwave-response model to calculate the theoretical head response in the aquifer generated by a floodwave in the stream, and then matched to the observed head response. Diffusivity values computed from sharply peaked flood rises ranged from 6.08 to 8.68 ft2. The closest match between observed and calculated heads was obtained from a site where the aquifer is confined and the saturated thickness (and thus the diffusivity) remains constant with the passage of a floodwave. Arrival time of the observed flood-peak seems to be the most useful criterion for curve matching, especially under unconfined conditions, where a match to the rising limb and floodpeak is difficult because of changes in the saturated thickness.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02133.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Reynolds, R., 1987, Diffusivity of a glacial-outwash aquifer by the floodwave- response technique: Groundwater, v. 25, no. 3, p. 290-299, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1987.tb02133.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"290","endPage":"299","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226001,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0113e4b0c8380cd4fab1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reynolds, R.J.","contributorId":102921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":367564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":57334,"text":"wdrWV851 - 1987 - Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Water Year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-14T22:08:28.391371","indexId":"wdrWV851","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"WV-85-1","title":"Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Water Year 1985","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1985 water year for West Virginia consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; contents of reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of observation wells. This report contains discharge records for 75 streamflow-gaging stations; stage only records for 12 gaging stations, and 2 crest-stage partial-record stations; (2) contents for 2 reservoirs, and change in contents for 1 reservoir; (3) water-quality records for 24 streamflow-gaging stations; (4) water-level records for 33 observation wells; and (5) water-quality records for 17 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 4 and 5. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not involved in the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in West Virginia.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrWV851","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of West Virginia and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Embree, W., Friel, E., and Taylor, F., 1987, Water Resources Data for West Virginia, Water Year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report WV-85-1, viii, 224 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrWV851.","productDescription":"viii, 224 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":466319,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/wv-85-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184497,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/wv-85-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"West 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Virginia\",\"nation\":\"USA \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc7f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Embree, W.N.","contributorId":85143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Embree","given":"W.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Friel, E.A.","contributorId":90743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friel","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, F.M.","contributorId":31465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"F.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256735,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29770,"text":"wri874098 - 1987 - Effect of urbanization on the water resources of eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T20:28:43.324863","indexId":"wri874098","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4098","title":"Effect of urbanization on the water resources of eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The effects of human activity on the water resources of a 207-square-mile area of eastern Chester County was evaluated. The most serious consequence of urbanization is the contamination of ground water by volatile organic compounds, which were detected in 39 percent of the 70 wells sampled. As many as nine compounds were found in one water sample, and the concentration of total volatile organic compounds was as high as 17,400 ug/L (micrograms per liter). In the Chester Valley, volatile organic compounds are moving down the hydraulic gradient caused by quarry dewatering. Movement through the quarries reduces concentrations of these compounds and removes most of them. Phenol was detected in 28 percent of 54 wells sampled, with concentrations up to 7 ug/L.\r\n\r\n Metals, except for iron and manganese, and other trace constituents generally are not a water-quality problem. However, ground water in an area in Chester Valley has been contaminated by concentrations of boron as high as 20,000 ug/L and lithium as high as 13,000 ug/L. The ground water discharges to Valley Creek, where concentrations of boron are as high as 130 ug/L and lithium as high as 800 ug/L.\r\n\r\n Concentrations of chloride as high as 2,100 mg/L (milligrams per liter) were found in a well at a former highway salt storage site. Wells completed in carbonate rock downgradient from the Pennsylvania Turnpike had chloride concentrations as high as 350 mg/L. \r\n\r\n The base-neutral organic compounds bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, di-n-butyl phthalate, and 1,2-dichlorobenzene, and the pesticides alachlor, aldrian, diazanon, DDD, DDT, dieldrin, methyl parathion, picloram, and 2,4-D were detected in a few water samples in low concentrations, However, these organic compounds do not present a widespread water-quality problem. Neither acid organic compounds nor polychlorinated napthalenes (PCN) were detected in ground water. \r\n\r\n The growth of public water and sewer systems has resulted in a significant interbasin transfer of water. Estimates for 1984 range from a net loss of 630 million gallons in the Valley Creek basin to a net gain of 783 million gallons in the Chester Creek basin. The quantity of wastewater discharged from treatment plants generally correlates well with the altitude of the water table and poorly with water use or precipitation, indicating substantial ground-water infiltration. Estimated ground-water infiltration to the West Goshen treatment plant for 1980-84 was 0.8 cubic feet per square mile, or 10 percent of the long-term average flow of Chester Creek. Estimated ground-water infiltration to the Valley Forge sewer system was as high as 4.9 million gallons per day. \r\n\r\n Dewatering operations at two active quarries in Chester Valley have lowered water levels locally and increased the range of the fluctuation of the local water table. The spread of the cones of depression caused by quarry pumping is limited by geologic and hydrologic controls. Pumping of high-capacity wells in Chester Valley has caused small local cones of depression and may have caused some reaches of Valley Creek or its tributaries to lose water. \r\n\r\n One of the greatest effects of human activity on the surface-water system has been the accumulation of organic compounds, particularly PCB and pesticides, on stream-bottom material. PCB, DDE, and dieldrin were found in bottom material from all eight streams sampled. \r\n\r\n Land-use changes in 10 selected subbasins were quantified and related to stream-benthic invertebrate diversity index. from 1970-80, the diversity index increased at all sites. Subbasins that had a greater change in land use had a greater increase in diversity index. The increase may be due to the banning of certain pesticides such as DDT, a decreasing use of pesticides in urbanizing subbasins, or flushing or burial of older pesticide-contaminated sediment.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874098","usgsCitation":"Sloto, R., 1987, Effect of urbanization on the water resources of eastern Chester County, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4098, Report: viii, 131 p.; 2 Plates: 36.43 x 35.29 inches and 29.23 x 18.83 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874098.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 131 p.; 2 Plates: 36.43 x 35.29 inches and 29.23 x 18.83 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415467,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46767.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58569,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58570,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58568,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124903,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4098/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.2917,\n 40.243\n ],\n [\n -75.8667,\n 40.243\n ],\n [\n -75.8667,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -75.2917,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -75.2917,\n 40.243\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db62542f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloto, R. A.","contributorId":36155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloto","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30170,"text":"wri864358 - 1987 - Hydrogeology of stratified-drift aquifers and water quality in the Nashua Regional Planning Commission Area, south-central New Hampshire","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-27T18:29:02.634961","indexId":"wri864358","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4358","title":"Hydrogeology of stratified-drift aquifers and water quality in the Nashua Regional Planning Commission Area, south-central New Hampshire","docAbstract":"

The Nashua Regional Planning Commission area in south-central New Hampshire is a 12-community area that is experiencing increases in population and in demands for water supply. The study area is underlain by 129 sq mi (40% of the area) of stratified drift which, where sufficiently saturated and permeable, form the most productive aquifers in the area. Eight towns use the stratified-drift aquifers for municipal water supply. The saturated thickness of stratified drift in the study area ranges from 0 or < 20 ft near aquifer boundaries to more than 100 ft in the Souhegan and Merrimack River valleys. The transmissivity of stratified drift ranges from < 2,000 sq ft/day throughout much of the area to more than 8,000 sq ft/day in the communities of Amherst, Brookline, Hollis, Hudson, Litchfield, Merrimack, Milford, Nashua, and Pelham. Directions of groundwater flow are generally from valley walls to surface waters, which act as drains for the stratified drift aquifers. The estimated total yield of community water-supply systems in the study area (surface and groundwater combined) is 22 mgd (million gallons per day). Analytical modeling indicates that an additional 12 mgd could be obtained from six aquifers located in the communities of Amherst, Litchfield, Merrimack, Milford, and Pelham. Other aquifers in the area, not modeled in the study, could also provide increased amounts of water especially where yields could be augmented by induced recharge of surface water. Groundwater quality in the study area is characterized by naturally elevated levels of iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn). Of 32 wells sampled, 7 exceeded EPA recommended drinking water limits for both Fe and Mn, and 3 wells exceeded the Mn limit only. The average total dissolved solids concentration for 32 samples was 121 mg/L. Groundwater in the area is slightly corrosive; pH 's ranged from 5.0-7.3. Groundwater contamination has been detected at two ' Superfund ' sites in the study area located in Milford and Nashua. At both sites, contamination of groundwater has caused the shutdown of municipal and private water supply wells. The widespread effect of applying highway deicing chemicals on groundwater quality is reflected by sodium (Na) concentrations that average 24 mg/L throughout the study area. At 11 of 32 sites sampled, EPA recommended limits for Na (20 mg/L) was exceeded. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864358","usgsCitation":"Toppin, K., 1987, Hydrogeology of stratified-drift aquifers and water quality in the Nashua Regional Planning Commission Area, south-central New Hampshire: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4358, Report: 101 p.; 6 Plates: 41.37 x 58.89 inches or smaller; 8 Errata Sheets: 40.63 x 58.57 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864358.","productDescription":"Report: 101 p.; 6 Plates: 41.37 x 58.89 inches or smaller; 8 Errata Sheets: 40.63 x 58.57 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":264614,"rank":14,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_5_a.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 5 A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264613,"rank":13,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_4_b.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 4 B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264612,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_4_a.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 4 A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264611,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_3_b.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 3 B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264610,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_3_a.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 3 A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264609,"rank":9,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_1_b.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 1 B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264608,"rank":8,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_1_a.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 1 A","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264607,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264606,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264605,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264604,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264603,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264602,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":414752,"rank":17,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36669.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58971,"rank":16,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":264615,"rank":15,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4358/plate-errata_5_b.pdf","text":"Errata Sheet Plate 5 B","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Hampshire","otherGeospatial":"Nashua Regional Planning commission area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.861,\n 42.943\n ],\n [\n -71.861,\n 42.7\n ],\n [\n -71.229,\n 42.7\n ],\n [\n -71.229,\n 42.943\n ],\n [\n -71.861,\n 42.943\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a49e4b07f02db624246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toppin, K. W.","contributorId":35776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toppin","given":"K. W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28865,"text":"wri864179 - 1987 - Flood characteristics for the Nisqually River and susceptibility of Sunshine Point and Longmire facilities to flooding in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T18:52:53.521985","indexId":"wri864179","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4179","title":"Flood characteristics for the Nisqually River and susceptibility of Sunshine Point and Longmire facilities to flooding in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington","docAbstract":"

Inundation from 25-, 50-, 100-, and 500-year floods at Sunshine Point and Longmire facilities and the Longmire visitors ' center and ranger station generally is not a serious hazard as long as the existing dikes and banks of the Nisqually River and Tahoma Creek remain intact and flood capacities of the channels are maintained. However, average water velocities during floods are high (as much as 23 ft/sec) and the channel, banks, and some dikes are composed of unstable materials. Sunshine Point campground is particularly susceptible to flooding and damage from Tahoma Creek, and to a lesser extent from the Nisqually River, if large amounts of debris or rock material accumulate in the channels and change the flood elevation or courses of either stream. At Longmire flood inundation or damage from the Nisqually River is much less, but flooding is still possible. There, high ridges upstream protect the several park facilities from the river, but accumulations of debris or rock in the channel could cause flooding from overtopping of dikes or riverbanks. Glacial outburst floods are a matter of serious concern at both Sunshine Point campground and Longmire. Glacial outbursts can and have produced very large flood discharges and transported large quantities of debris and rock materials. Although none have been known to transport these materials from Tahoma Glacier as far as Sunshine Point campground, one in 1955 from Nisqually Glacier (estimated at 70,000 cu ft/sec near the glacier) did appreciably increase the magnitude of the water discharge at Longmire. For safety, campers and visitors need to be advised about the potential flood hazards at both facilities. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864179","usgsCitation":"Nelson, L.M., 1987, Flood characteristics for the Nisqually River and susceptibility of Sunshine Point and Longmire facilities to flooding in Mount Rainier National Park, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4179, Report: iv, 18 p.; 20.74 x 12.38 inches and 16.40 x 12.63 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864179.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 18 p.; 20.74 x 12.38 inches and 16.40 x 12.63 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124120,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415522,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36604.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57744,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4179/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57745,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57743,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4179/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount Rainier National Park, Nisqually river","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.922,\n 46.753\n ],\n [\n -121.922,\n 46.733\n ],\n [\n -121.808,\n 46.733\n ],\n [\n -121.808,\n 46.753\n ],\n [\n -121.922,\n 46.753\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d5e4b07f02db5ddba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, L. M.","contributorId":39773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29425,"text":"wri864080 - 1987 - Geochemical evolution of waters within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico: A conceptualization based on a flow path in the Barceloneta area","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:16:16.959877","indexId":"wri864080","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4080","title":"Geochemical evolution of waters within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico: A conceptualization based on a flow path in the Barceloneta area","docAbstract":"

Water samples along a groundwater flow path in the Barceloneta area, Puerto Rico, were collected from wells screened in the Montebello Limestone Member of the Cibao Formation (artesian aquifer) and in the overlying Aguada and Aymamon Limestones (water table aquifer). The groundwater chemistry changes as water migrates from recharge areas to downgradient zones in the aquifers. Dissolved magnesium, dissolved sulfate, pH, and carbon-13 isotope generally increase down-gradient. Total inorganic carbon and calcium decrease within the freshwater parts of the aquifer. Mass transfer calculations show that the likely reaction model is carbon dioxide incorporation as water infiltrates through the soil zone, followed by calcite dissolution as water recharges the aquifer. As water moves downgradient within the artesian aquifer, carbon dioxide may degas as a result of calcite precipitation while gypsum and dolomite are dissolved. Within the water table aquifer, continuous recharge of waters rich in carbonic acid maintains the dissolution of the carbonate minerals. Near the coast the mixing of fresh groundwater with saltwater is the primary process affecting water chemistry within the water table aquifer.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864080","usgsCitation":"Roman-Mas, A., and Lee, R.W., 1987, Geochemical evolution of waters within the north coast limestone aquifers of Puerto Rico: A conceptualization based on a flow path in the Barceloneta area: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4080, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864080.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123491,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4080/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58273,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4080/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415533,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36534.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Puerto Rico","otherGeospatial":"Barceloneta area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -66.367,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n -66.7,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n -66.7,\n 18.38\n ],\n [\n -66.367,\n 18.38\n ],\n [\n -66.367,\n 18.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae250","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman-Mas, A. J.","contributorId":55839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roman-Mas","given":"A. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, R. W.","contributorId":86757,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":28921,"text":"wri864008 - 1987 - Estimating generalized skew of the log-Pearson Type III distribution for annual peak floods in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:29:13.639917","indexId":"wri864008","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4008","title":"Estimating generalized skew of the log-Pearson Type III distribution for annual peak floods in Illinois","docAbstract":"

Four techniques for estimating generalized skew in Illinois were evaluated: (1) a generalized skew map of the US; (2) an isoline map; (3) a prediction equation; and (4) a regional-mean skew. Peak-flow records at 730 gaging stations having 10 or more annual peaks were selected for computing station skews. Station skew values ranged from -3.55 to 2.95, with a mean of -0.11. Frequency curves computed for 30 gaging stations in Illinois using the variations of the regional-mean skew technique are similar to frequency curves computed using a skew map developed by the US Water Resources Council (WRC). Estimates of the 50-, 100-, and 500-yr floods computed for 29 of these gaging stations using the regional-mean skew techniques are within the 50% confidence limits of frequency curves computed using the WRC skew map. Although the three variations of the regional-mean skew technique were slightly more accurate than the WRC map, there is no appreciable difference between flood estimates computed using the variations of the regional-mean technique and flood estimates computed using the WRC skew map. (

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864008","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K.A., and Mades, D.M., 1987, Estimating generalized skew of the log-Pearson Type III distribution for annual peak floods in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4008, v, 42 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864008.","productDescription":"v, 42 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415478,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc930","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":200621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mades, Dean M.","contributorId":102888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mades","given":"Dean","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29124,"text":"wri874015 - 1987 - Ground-water flow and shallow-aquifer properties in the Rio Grande inner valley south of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T20:27:18.117104","indexId":"wri874015","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4015","title":"Ground-water flow and shallow-aquifer properties in the Rio Grande inner valley south of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"

The purpose of this investigation was to describe the water table configuration and its temporal variations, estimate aquifer properties, and evaluate the interaction of groundwater and surface water in the inner valley of the Rio Grande in southern Albuquerque, New Mexico, where groundwater contamination is a continuing concern. The upper 150 ft of sedimentary deposits in the inner valley, mostly alluvium that consists of cobbles, gravel, sand, silt, and clay, was emphasized because of its susceptibility to contamination. A map of the water table on February 28, 1986 shows that flow generally is parallel to the river and the gradient is approximately 5 ft/mi or 0.0001. In areas affected by municipal and industrial groundwater withdrawals, declines may exceed 10 ft, and the water table gradient is as much as 20 ft/mi or 0.004. The gradient also is steeper near drains, particularly during the irrigation season. In the area east of the community of Mountainview the direction of water movement may have reversed between 1936 and 1986; flow near appears to be toward the east or southeast. Groups of four piezometers, each screened at a different depth, were monitored to describe seasonal changes of the water table. Vertical gradients between piezometers ranged from 0.014 upward to 0.047 downward from July 1985 to June 1986, but were downward most of the year, particulary during the irrigation season. The horizontal hydraulic conductivity of a 15-ft-thick clay and silt bed beneath Rio Bravo Boulevard is estimated to be 0.0001 ft/day. The average interstitial velocity down through this bed is estimated to range from about 0.0002 to 0.0005 ft/day. The fluctuations of the water table at the piezometers nearest the Rio Grande do not appear to be affected by the riverside drain. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874015","usgsCitation":"Peter, K.D., 1987, Ground-water flow and shallow-aquifer properties in the Rio Grande inner valley south of Albuquerque, Bernalillo County, New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4015, iv, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874015.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":57994,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123690,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":415599,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46703.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"Bernalillo County","city":"Albuquerque","otherGeospatial":"Rio Grande Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5833,\n 35.095\n ],\n [\n -106.7292,\n 35.095\n ],\n [\n -106.7292,\n 34.9394\n ],\n [\n -106.5833,\n 34.9394\n ],\n [\n -106.5833,\n 35.095\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peter, K. D.","contributorId":94319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peter","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30512,"text":"wri874153 - 1987 - Ground-water withdrawals and changes in ground-water levels, ground-water quality, and land-surface subsidence in the Houston district, Texas, 1980-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-07T21:28:49.437566","indexId":"wri874153","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4153","title":"Ground-water withdrawals and changes in ground-water levels, ground-water quality, and land-surface subsidence in the Houston district, Texas, 1980-84","docAbstract":"

During 1980-84, ground-water withdrawals from the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston district decreased from 511 million gallons per day to 444 million gallons per day. This 13-percent decrease was due to the increased availability of surface water and a decreased demand for water. The largest decreases in ground-water withdrawals occurred in the Houston area. Ground-water pumpage was 219.2 million gallons per day during 1984 compared to 254.8 million gallons per day during 1980. Decreases in ground-water withdrawals from 1980 through 1984 occurred in most of the other areas in the Houston district (Pasadena, Katy, Baytown-LaPorte, and Texas City). Large decreases in ground-water withdrawals for rice irrigation in the Katy area were offset by increases in ground-water withdrawals for public supply. Hence, in the Katy area, the quantity of ground water withdrawn during 1984, 148.9 million gallons per day, was only slightly less than the 157.5 million gallons per day withdrawn during 1980.

Water levels generally rose in the eastern part of the Houston district and declined in the western part from spring 1980 to spring 1985. The rise of water levels in wells in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was as much as 80 feet and 60 feet, respectively. The decline of water levels in wells in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers was as much as 40 feet and 80 feet, respectively.

Slight decreases in chloride concentrations in water from the Chicot aquifer occurred in the Alta Loma area between 1980 and 1984. In 1980, chloride concentrations in water from the Chicot aquifer ranged from 250 to 790 milligrams per liter, whereas in 1984, chloride concentrations ranged from 180 to 710 milligrams per liter. Water from one well in the Texas City area had an increase in chloride concentrations from 265 milligrams per liter in 1980 to 300 milligrams per liter in 1984. In water from another well in the Texas City area, chloride concentrations decreased from 760 milligrams per liter in 1980 to 710 milligrams per liter in 1984. The concentrations of chloride and dissolved solids in water from the Evangeline aquifer remained less than 100 milligrams per liter and 500 milligrams per liter during 1980-84.

Land-surface subsidence is still evident in the Houston district. Subsidence rates between 1980 and early 1985 in the eastern and southeastern parts of the Houston district were less than during 1975-79. At the Seabrook site, where a monitor measures most of the subsidence, the average compaction rate during 1980 to early 1985 was 0.04 foot per year while during 1975-79, the rate was 0.14 foot per year. However, subsidence rates in the western, southwestern, and northern parts of the Houston district during 1980 to early 1985 increased from the 1975-79 rates. At the Addicks site, the land surface has subsided at a rate of about 0.17 foot per year from 1980 to early 1985. The subsidence rate from 1975 through 1979 at the site was 0.11 foot per year.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874153","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Houston and the Harris-Galveston Coastal Subsidence District","usgsCitation":"Williams, J.F., and Ranzau, C., 1987, Ground-water withdrawals and changes in ground-water levels, ground-water quality, and land-surface subsidence in the Houston district, Texas, 1980-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4153, Report: v, 56 p.; 4 Plates:18.40 x 12.66 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874153.","productDescription":"Report: v, 56 p.; 4 Plates:18.40 x 12.66 inches or smaller","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59288,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4153/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59287,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4153/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59286,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4153/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":403224,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124304,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":110245,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46815.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":59289,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4153/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 29.44438130948883\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 29.44438130948883\n ],\n [\n -94.910888671875,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 30.306503259848835\n ],\n [\n -96.06170654296875,\n 29.44438130948883\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69662f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, James F. III","contributorId":173660,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"James","suffix":"III","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ranzau, C.E. Jr.","contributorId":41831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ranzau","given":"C.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":7000055,"text":"7000055 - 1987 - U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-14T09:30:08","indexId":"7000055","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/7000055","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, U.S. Geological Survey: earth science in the public service: General Interest Publication, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000055.","productDescription":"28 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":256837,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000055/report.pdf","size":"13055","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":256838,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/7000055/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ce4b07f02db613a31","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":7000105,"text":"7000105 - 1987 - Water use in the United States, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:33","indexId":"7000105","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":363,"text":"General Interest Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Water use in the United States, 1980","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/7000105","usgsCitation":"Solley, W., Barber, N.L., and Merk, C.F., 1987, Water use in the United States, 1980: General Interest Publication, 8 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; sheet 79 x 99 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/7000105.","productDescription":"8 maps on 1 sheet : col. ; sheet 79 x 99 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":131788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f2e4b07f02db5eefc5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Solley, Wayne","contributorId":30582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Solley","given":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Nancy L. 0000-0002-2952-5017 nlbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2952-5017","contributorId":3679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Nancy","email":"nlbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":344097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merk, Charles F.","contributorId":44503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merk","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":344099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":44418,"text":"wri864352 - 1987 - Ground-water levels in the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks, southeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, July and August 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-24T18:47:23.105322","indexId":"wri864352","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4352","title":"Ground-water levels in the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks, southeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, July and August 1986","docAbstract":"

A water table contour map of the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks of southeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania was constructed on the basis of water levels measured in 261 wells in July and August 1986, elevations of 11 springs that were flowing in July and August 1986, and water levels measured in 15 wells. Pre-1986 measurements were incorporated on the map to provide control in areas where more-recent data were not available. The area of crystalline rocks underlies Thornbury, Westtown, East Goshen, and West Goshen Townships, parts of East Whiteland and West Whiteland Townships; and West Chester Borough. Water table altitudes under natural conditions range from 544 ft. above National Geodetic Vertical Datum of 1929 (NGVD of 1929) near Immaculata College to 234 ft. above NGVD of 1929 near Cheyney College. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864352","usgsCitation":"Garges, J.A., 1987, Ground-water levels in the lower Paleozoic and Precambrian crystalline rocks, southeastern Chester County, Pennsylvania, July and August 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4352, 1 Plate: 30.30 x 30.41 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864352.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 30.30 x 30.41 inches","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":173111,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":414719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36663.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81716,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4352/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","county":"Chester County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.5,\n 40.042\n ],\n [\n -75.667,\n 40.042\n ],\n [\n -75.667,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 39.9\n ],\n [\n -75.5,\n 40.042\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b09e4b07f02db69bfee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garges, John A.","contributorId":74428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garges","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229731,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44384,"text":"wri874282 - 1987 - Generalized potentiometric surface of the Sparta-Memphis aquifer, eastern Arkansas, spring 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T20:01:00.709561","indexId":"wri874282","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4282","title":"Generalized potentiometric surface of the Sparta-Memphis aquifer, eastern Arkansas, spring 1980","docAbstract":"

A map shows generalized contours of the altitude of water levels for wells completed in the Sparta-Memphis aquifer in eastern Arkansas. Most water-level measurements used in constructing the map were from the spring of 1980, but supplemental measurements from other years indicated no long-term change in water levels. Hydrographs for selected wells are included to show trends and lack of trends in water-level changes. The aquifer in the Sparta Sand and Memphis Sand of Eocene age which consists of fine to medium sand interbedded with salt, clay, and lignite. The aquifer supplies much of the water used for industry and public supply for eastern Arkansas. Some irrigation users also obtain supplies from the aquifer. Cones of depression caused by pumpage for industrial and public supplies occur near Camden, El Dorado, Magnolia, Pine Buff, and West Memphis. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874282","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1987, Generalized potentiometric surface of the Sparta-Memphis aquifer, eastern Arkansas, spring 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4282, 1 Plate: 46.19 x 35.57 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874282.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 46.19 x 35.57 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":168019,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415531,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46926.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":81675,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4282/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Sparta-Memphis aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -94,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6aecab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. J.","contributorId":53380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229678,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":44455,"text":"wri854240 - 1987 - Geology and hydrology of the deep bedrock aquifers in eastern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:33:05.976912","indexId":"wri854240","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4240","title":"Geology and hydrology of the deep bedrock aquifers in eastern Colorado","docAbstract":"

Deep bedrock aquifers are present in rocks of Cretaceous through Pennsylvanian age in eastern Colorado. These aquifers are the Laramie-Fox Hills (the uppermost aquifer studied), Fort Hays-Codell, Dakota-Cheyenne, Entrada-Dockum, Lyons, and Fountain. Structural mapping indicates the aquifers are 2,000 to 9,000 ft below land surface in most of eastern Colorado but outcrop in local areas in a narrow band along the Front Range of the Rocky Mountains. Recharge primarily occurs in outcrops and produces a northerly or easterly groundwater flow to discharge areas along the South Platte or Arkansas Rivers. Deep aquifers also discharge by underflow to Kansas and Nebraska. Some water-yielding strata in the Dakota-Cheyenne aquifer are not in hydraulic connection with the aquifer, and abnormal fluid pressures, trapped hydrocarbons, and high dissolved-solids concentrations are found in these strata. Temperature and dissolved-solids mapping indicate water temperatures of 100 to 210 in northeastern Colorado and a zone of relatively fresh water extending through a 7,000 sq mi area of the Dakota-Cheyenne aquifer in southeastern Colorado. Water levels in the Laramie-Fox Hills aquifer continue to decline as much as 12 ft/yr in local areas near Denver. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854240","usgsCitation":"Robson, S.G., and Banta, E.R., 1987, Geology and hydrology of the deep bedrock aquifers in eastern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4240, 6 Plates: 32.41 x 48.12 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854240.","productDescription":"6 Plates: 32.41 x 48.12 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161899,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":415584,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_33756.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":275851,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275852,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275853,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275854,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275856,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":275855,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4240/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.402,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.402,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -102.045,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -105.402,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4693","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robson, S. G.","contributorId":97102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Banta, E. R.","contributorId":63038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banta","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":229797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44378,"text":"wri874212 - 1987 - Generalized potentiometric surface of the aquifers in the Cockfield Formation, southeastern Arkansas, spring 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T19:50:36.225016","indexId":"wri874212","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-4212","title":"Generalized potentiometric surface of the aquifers in the Cockfield Formation, southeastern Arkansas, spring 1980","docAbstract":"

This map shows the generalized contours of the altitude of water levels in wells completed in the Cockfield Formation in southeastern Arkansas for 1980. Most water levels used in constructing the map were made in the spring of 1980. However, in parts of the State water levels from the spring of 1980 were unavailable. Where data indicated no long-term changes in nearby water levels, measurements from as early as 1952 and as late as 1983 were used. At a few locations the altitude of the water surface in a stream was used to define the potentiometric surface. Available water level data limited the interpretation of potentiometric surface primarily to the area of occurrence of the aquifers south of the Arkansas River. Water level data from Arkansas and adjacent states used in the construction of this map are from the groundwater file of the U.S. Geological Survey 's National Water Data Storage and Retrieval System. This map was prepared as part of the Gulf Coast Regional Aquifer-System Analysis study. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri874212","usgsCitation":"Ackerman, D.J., 1987, Generalized potentiometric surface of the aquifers in the Cockfield Formation, southeastern Arkansas, spring 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 87-4212, 1 Plate: 41.82 x 33.42 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri874212.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 41.82 x 33.42 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":81668,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4212/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":415530,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_46868.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Cockfield Formation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.333,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -93.333,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -91,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -93.333,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aed92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ackerman, D. 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Vegetation and land cover classifications, generated in cooperation with other agencies, currently exist for 115 million acres of Alaska. Using these as a base, the USGS has prepared a comprehensive plan for classifying the remaining areas of the State. The development of this program will lead to a complete interim vegetation and land cover classification system for Alaska and allow the dissemination of digital data for those areas classified. At completion, 153 Alaska 1:250,000-scale quadrangles will be published and will include land cover from digital Landsat classifications, statistical summaries of all land cover by township, and computer-compatible tapes. An interagency working group has established an Alaska classification system (table 1) composed of 18 classes modified from \"A land use and land cover classification system for use with remote sensor data\" (Anderson and others, 1976), and from \"Revision of a preliminary classification system for vegetation of Alaska\" (Viereck and Dyrness, 1982) for the unique ecoregions which are found in Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, DC","doi":"10.3133/70046376","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, Alaska interim land cover mapping program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Users Guide 7, iii, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70046376.","productDescription":"iii, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"24","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":149,"text":"Branch of Technical Management","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273571,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70046376/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":274614,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70046376/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 170.00000,54.666667 ], [ 170.00000,71.833333 ], [ -130.00000,71.833333 ], [ -130.00000,54.666667 ], [ 170.00000,54.666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51b6f564e4b0097a7158e58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70045316,"text":"70045316 - 1987 - Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T11:24:42","indexId":"70045316","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1986","docAbstract":"This report is a digest of information furnished by Federal agencies conducting sedimentation investigations. The decision to publish the report was made in 1946, from a proposal by the Chairman of the Federal Interagency River Basin Committee, Subcommittee on Ground Water. The subcommittee approved the proposal and agreed to issue this report as a means of effecting better coordination of the work of various Federal agencies in the field of\nsedimentation. From 1946 to 1947, the report was issued on a quarterly basis; from 1948 to 1953, reports were issued every 6 months; and from 1954 to the present, the report has been issued annually.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Office of Water Data Coordination","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","usgsCitation":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation, 1987, Notes on sedimentation activities calendar year 1986, xxiii, 221 p.","productDescription":"xxiii, 221 p.","numberOfPages":"258","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1986-01-01","temporalEnd":"1986-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":270696,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045316/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272713,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70045316/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51653870e4b077fa94dadfed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","contributorId":127893,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"U.S. Interagency Advisory Committee on Water Data- Subcommittee on Sedimentation","id":535472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043717,"text":"70043717 - 1987 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-23T10:10:32","indexId":"70043717","displayToPublicDate":"1987-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1987","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1986","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of (1) books and mapsl that were published during 1986, and (2) articles by Geological Survey personnel in non-Geological Survey journals and books that came to our attention in 1986; it supplements the permanent catalogs \"Publications of-.the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\", \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970\", and \"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971 through 1981.\"","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043717","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1987, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1986: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 407 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043717.","productDescription":"v, 407 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267697,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043717/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":272668,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043717/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad64e4b0b6328103b4fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}