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Water discharge data for the 1987 water year for Arizona consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of observation wells; and quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 168 gaging stations, annual peaks for 22 crest-stage partial-record stations, and discharge measurements at 8 miscellaneous sites; contents only records for 9 lakes and reservoirs; stage and contents for 1 lake; elevation only for 1 streamflow station; 20 supplementary records, included with gaging-station records, consisting of monthend or monthly stage, contents, and evaporation of lakes and reservoirs, diversions, and return flows; water-quality records for 41 continous-record stations and 6 miscellaneous sites; water levels for 1,007 observation wells; and water-quality data for water from 261 wells. The data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal and State Agencies in Arizona.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAZ871","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arizona and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Wilson, R.P., and Garrett, W.B., 1989, Water resources data for Arizona, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AZ-87-1, xi, 385 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAZ871.","productDescription":"xi, 385 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":182166,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":481884,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/az-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"id\":\"4\",\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Arizona\",\"nation\":\"USA 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R. P.","contributorId":37672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, W. B.","contributorId":23963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":66369,"text":"i1907 - 1989 - Geologic map of the Latir Volcanic Field and adjacent areas, northern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-26T19:40:16.281788","indexId":"i1907","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1907","title":"Geologic map of the Latir Volcanic Field and adjacent areas, northern New Mexico","docAbstract":"This map was first published as a printed edition in 1989. The geologic data have now been captured digitally and are presented here along with images of the printed map sheet and component parts as PDF files.\nThis map encompasses all or parts of ten 7.5 minute quadrangles in the Taos Range of the Sangre de Cristo Mountains in northern New Mexico. Geologic mapping was initiated in this area by the U.S. Geological Survey in response to its mandate under the Wilderness Act of 1964 to evaluate the mineral resource potential of the Latir and Wheeler Peak Wildernesses and the Columbine-Hondo Wilderness Study Area in the Carson National Forest. The mapping was later extended to adjacent areas in order to better understand the regional geology and geologic history of the range.\nThe present map focuses on the early Tertiary (largely Oligocene) Latir Volcanic Field and plutonic rocks associated with it. The basement rocks in the map area are Paleoproterozic amphibolite-facies metasedimentary and metavolcanic rocks intruded by large bodies of quartz monzonite, granodiorite and gabbro dated at between 1,750 and 1,690 Ma. The basement rocks are locally overlain by Mississippian limestone or by Pennsylvanian and Permian redbeds. The basement rocks were thrust eastward across a thick section of similar late Paleozoic rocks along low-angle faults during the Laramide Orogeny. Post-Laramide erosion largely removed the sedimentary cover from the basement rocks and reduced the topography to a low-relief surface locally overlain by scattered lenses of Eocene to Oligocene shale, sandstone, and conglomerate. It was on this surface that the earliest rocks of the Latir Volcanic Field were deposited, beginning in the Oligocene, about 30 Ma.\nThe early volcanic rocks comprise a thick sequence of andesite, dacite, and minor rhyolite, deposited as flows, breccia, and volcaniclastic sediments from numerous local volcanic centers; thin layers of rhyolite tuff are from distant eruptions, some probably in the San Juan Mountains. These volcanic rocks probably record early growth of an upper-crustal batholith. At 25 Ma enormous eruptions of peralkaline rhyolite ash-flow tuff were accompanied by collapse of the roof of the growing batholith to form the Questa Caldera, a volcanic depression at least 14 km across. The ash flows traveled for tens of kilometers from the caldera rims to form a widespread sheet of densely welded tuff; ash also fell back to fill the subsiding caldera depression. Concurrent extension along northwest-trending faults segmented the volcanic edifice and rotated the originally sub-horizontal layers, so that some are nearly vertical. Formation of the caldera was accompanied by further batholith growth, involving intrusion of large plutons of granite, granodiorite, and related rocks into both caldera fill and the adjacent rocks, including both the earlier volcanic rocks and the basement rocks. The large molybdenum deposit along the Red River east of Questa is related to the emplacement of one of these late granitic plutons. Intrusive activity continued into the Miocene.\nDevelopment of the Rio Grande Rift beginning at about 15 Ma was accompanied by development of the north-south trending normal faults along the western foot of the Taos Range. The rift is filled with thousands of meters of clastic sediments interleaved with basalt flows, some as young as 3.6 Ma. The bounding faults of the rift cut the Questa Caldera so that the western part of the original structure is now deeply buried beneath the rift fill.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/i1907","usgsCitation":"Lipman, P.W., and Reed, J.C., 1989, Geologic map of the Latir Volcanic Field and adjacent areas, northern New Mexico (Digital Edition-September 2011): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1907, Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 39.03 × 53.33 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/i1907.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; 1 Plate: 39.03 × 53.33 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204078,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":107178,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_9996.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"9996"},{"id":92149,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i-1907/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Latir Volcanic Field and adjacent areas","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.625,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -105.25,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -105.25,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -105.625,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -105.625,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Digital Edition-September 2011","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db696b37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, J. C. Jr.","contributorId":97063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":274420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":57509,"text":"wdrIN881 - 1989 - Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-11T13:26:48","indexId":"wdrIN881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"IN-88-1","title":"Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1988","docAbstract":"Water resources data for the 1988 water year for Indiana consist of records of\ndischarge, stage, and water quality of streams and wells; reservoir stage and contents;\nand water levels in lakes and wells. This report contains records of discharge for 176\nstream-gaging stations, stage for 4 stream stations, stage and contents for 1 reservoir,\nwater quality for 3 streams and 2 observation wells, and water levels for 79 lakes and\n88 observation wells. Also included are records of peak flows for 23 crest-stage,\npartial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not\npart of the systematic data-collection program, and are shown as miscellaneous measurements.\nThese data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the\nU.S. Geological Survey in Indiana in cooperation with State and Federal agencies.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrIN881","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Indiana and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Glatfelter, D.R., Thompson, R.E., and Nell, G.E., 1989, Water resources data for Indiana, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report IN-88-1, xv, 331 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrIN881.","productDescription":"xv, 331 p.","numberOfPages":"351","temporalStart":"1987-10-01","temporalEnd":"1988-09-30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":288344,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":288343,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/in-88-1/report.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Indiana","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.0979,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,41.7607 ], [ -84.7847,37.7717 ], [ -88.0979,37.7717 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd038","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glatfelter, Dale R.","contributorId":59011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glatfelter","given":"Dale","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Ronald E. Jr.","contributorId":74819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Ronald","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nell, Graham E.","contributorId":7774,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nell","given":"Graham","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":57449,"text":"wdrMS881 - 1989 - Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1988","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-19T14:05:07.296689","indexId":"wdrMS881","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-88-1","title":"Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1988","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1988 water year for Mississippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 70 gaging stations; stage records for 19 of these gaging stations; stage only at 6 gaging stations; water quality for 11 streamflow gaging stations, 2 engaged stream sites, 3 precipitation quality stations, and 205 wells; and water levels for 498 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 55 crest-stage partial-record stations, discharge data at 5 flood hydrograph partial-record stations and 158 low-flow partial-record stations, and water quality data at 12 partial-record or miscellaneous sites and 26 short-term study sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 7-9. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS881","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Mississippi and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Tharpe, E., Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1989, Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1988: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-88-1, viii, 428 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS881.","productDescription":"viii, 428 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494300,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/ms-88-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174622,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1988/ms-88-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fccf9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tharpe, E.J.","contributorId":57534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharpe","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plunkett, M.L.","contributorId":82368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, F.","contributorId":17299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":44706,"text":"wri884064 - 1989 - Flood boundaries and water-surface profile for the computed 100-year flood, Swift Creek at Afton, Wyoming, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:27","indexId":"wri884064","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"88-4064","title":"Flood boundaries and water-surface profile for the computed 100-year flood, Swift Creek at Afton, Wyoming, 1986","docAbstract":"Flood flows on Swift Creek near Afton, Wyoming, were analyzed. Peak discharge with an average recurrence interval of 100 years was computed and used to determine the flood boundaries and water surface profile in the study reach. The study was done in cooperation with Lincoln County and the Town of Afton to determine the extent of flooding in the Town of Afton from a 100-year flood on Swift Creek. The reach of Swift Creek considered in the analysis extends upstream from the culvert at Allred County Road No. 12-135 to the US Geological Survey streamflow-gaging station located in the Bridger National Forest , a distance of 3.2 miles. Boundaries of the 100-year flood are delineated on a map using the computed elevation of the flood at each cross section, survey data, and a 1983 aerial photograph. The computed water surface elevation for the 100-year flood was plotted at each cross section, then the lateral extent of the flood was transferred to the flood map. Boundaries between cross sections were sketched using information taken from the aerial photograph. Areas that are inundated, but not part of the active flow, are designated on the cross sections. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri884064","usgsCitation":"Rankl, J.G., and Wallace, J.C., 1989, Flood boundaries and water-surface profile for the computed 100-year flood, Swift Creek at Afton, Wyoming, 1986: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 88-4064, 1 map and 1 data sheet ; sheets 66 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri884064.","productDescription":"1 map and 1 data sheet ; sheets 66 x 91 cm., folded in envelope 31 x 23 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":172628,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":82004,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4064/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":82005,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1988/4064/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635748","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rankl, James G.","contributorId":93026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rankl","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wallace, Joe C.","contributorId":14038,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"Joe","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":230291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70123153,"text":"70123153 - 1989 - Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-02T11:22:58","indexId":"70123153","displayToPublicDate":"1989-09-01T11:11:14","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II","docAbstract":"

There are four major components of a stream system that determine the productivity of the fishery (Karr and Dudley 1978). These are: (1) flow regime, (2) physical habitat structure (channel form, substrate distribution, and riparian vegetation), (3) water quality (including temperature), and (4) energy inputs from the watershed (sediments, nutrients, and organic matter). The complex interaction of these components determines the primary production, secondary production, and fish population of the stream reach.

\n
\n

The basic components and interactions needed to simulate fish populations as a function of management alternatives are illustrated in Figure I.1. The assessment process utilizes a hierarchical and modular approach combined with computer simulation techniques. The modular components represent the \"building blocks\" for the simulation. The quality of the physical habitat is a function of flow and, therefore, varies in quality and quantity over the range of the flow regime. The conceptual framework of the Incremental Methodology and guidelines for its application are described in \"A Guide to Stream Habitat Analysis Using the Instream Flow Incremental Methodology\" (Bovee 1982).

\n
\n

Simulation of physical habitat is accomplished using the physical structure of the stream and streamflow. The modification of physical habitat by temperature and water quality is analyzed separately from physical habitat simulation. Temperature in a stream varies with the seasons, local meteorological conditions, stream network configuration, and the flow regime; thus, the temperature influences on habitat must be analysed on a stream system basis. Water quality under natural conditions is strongly influenced by climate and the geological materials, with the result that there is considerable natural variation in water quality. When we add the activities of man, the possible range of water quality possibilities becomes rather large. Consequently, water quality must also be analysed on a stream system basis. Such analysis is outside the scope of this manual, which concentrates on simulation of physical habitat based on depth, velocity, and a channel index.

\n
\n

The results form PHABSIM can be used alone or by using a series of habitat time series programs that have been developed to generate monthly or daily habitat time series from the Weighted Usable Area versus streamflow table resulting from the habitat simulation programs and streamflow time series data. Monthly and daily streamflow time series may be obtained from USGS gages near the study site or as the output of river system management models.

","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biological Report","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., Updike, M.A., and Schneider, D.M., 1989, Physical habitat simulation system reference manual: version II, v. 89, no. 16, 403 p.","productDescription":"403 p.","numberOfPages":"403","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293274,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"16","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5406d9cfe4b044dc0e828981","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Updike, Marlys A.","contributorId":32834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Updike","given":"Marlys","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schneider, Diane M.","contributorId":107206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Diane","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":499891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70123398,"text":"70123398 - 1989 - Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:18:57","indexId":"70123398","displayToPublicDate":"1989-06-01T11:13:37","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesNumber":"Biological Report 89(17)","title":"Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods","docAbstract":"

This document provides guidance to the user of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service’s Stream Network Temperature Model (SNTEMP). Planning a temperature study is discussed in terms of understanding the management objectives and ensuring that the questions will be accurately answered with the modeling approach being used.

\n
\n

A sensitivity analysis of SNTEMP is presented to illustrate which input variables are most important in predicting stream temperatures. This information helps prioritize data collection activities, highlights the need for quality control, focuses on which parameters can be estimated rather than measured, and offers a broader perspective on management options in terms of knowing where the biggest temperature response will be felt.

\n
\n

All of the major input variables for stream geometry, meteorology, and hydrology are discussed in detail. Each variable is defined, with guidance given on how to measure it, what kind of equipment to use, where to obtain it from another agency, and how to calculate it if the data are in a form other than that required by SNTEMP. Examples are presented for the various forms in which water temperature, discharge, and meteorological data are commonly found. Ranges of values for certain input variables that are difficult to measure of estimate are given. Particular attention is given to those variables not commonly understood by field biologists likely to be involved in a stream temperature study. Pertinent literature is cited for each variable, with emphasis on how other people have treated particular problems and on results they have found.

\n
Model calibration, verification, and validation steps are defined and outlines, with measures of \"goodness-of-fit\" given for comparing simulated stream temperatures with observed values. The question of how good is good enough is explored, and attention is given to the kinds of simulation and data reduction errors that one should be alert for.

\n
\n

Some special cases dealing with ice and reservoir temperature are mentioned. Special attention is given to understanding micro-thermal habitats that act as important thermal refugia under low flow conditions; their causes, extent, and management implications are discussed.

\n
Alternative public domain stream and reservoir temperature models are contrasted with SNTEMP. A distinction is made between steady-flow and dynamic-flow models and their respective capabilities. Regression models are offered as an alternative approach for some situations, with appropriate mathematical formulas suggested.

\n
\n

Appendices provide information on State and Federal agencies that are good data sources, vendors for field instrumentation, and small computer programs useful in data reduction.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Bartholow, J., 1989, Stream temperature investigations: field and analytic methods, 139 p.","productDescription":"139 p.","numberOfPages":"139","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293379,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a7550e4b01535cb427bb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bartholow, J.M.","contributorId":54530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartholow","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70123400,"text":"70123400 - 1989 - Water temperature data analysis and simulation for the Salmon River, Oswego County, New York, Summer, 1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-09-04T11:27:18","indexId":"70123400","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T11:26:06","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Water temperature data analysis and simulation for the Salmon River, Oswego County, New York, Summer, 1986","docAbstract":"Research into the temperature effects of operation of the Salmon River Reservoir system of the Niagara Mohawk Power Company was conducted as part of a multi-agency effort to characterize the influences on riverine habitat of power plant operation. Several reports are being prepared to address various parts of the work that has been accomplished. Appendix 1 contains a list of those reports and the reporting entities. The goals of this portion of the research were to determine the magnitude of temperature effects due to power plant operation, and develop methods to predict water temperature in the river under both steady and unsteady flow conditions that are induced by the project operation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, National Ecology Research Center","publisherLocation":"Fort Collins, CO","usgsCitation":"Waddle, T.J., 1989, Water temperature data analysis and simulation for the Salmon River, Oswego County, New York, Summer, 1986, 84 p.","productDescription":"84 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":293383,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Oswego County","otherGeospatial":"Salmon River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.616949,43.160144 ], [ -76.616949,43.707018 ], [ -75.756213,43.707018 ], [ -75.756213,43.160144 ], [ -76.616949,43.160144 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"542a758de4b01535cb427e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waddle, Terry J.","contributorId":43430,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waddle","given":"Terry","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":500084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015062,"text":"70015062 - 1989 - Radiocarbon dates for lava flows from northeast rift zone of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hilo 7 1/2 minute quadrangle, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-16T15:53:45.717486","indexId":"70015062","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3225,"text":"Radiocarbon","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiocarbon dates for lava flows from northeast rift zone of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hilo 7 1/2 minute quadrangle, Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Twenty-eight 14C analyses are reported for carbonized roots and other plant material collected from beneath 15 prehistoric lava flows erupted from the northeast rift zone (NERZ) of Mauna Loa Volcano (ML) utilizing the recovery techniques of Lockwood and Lipman (1980). Most samples were collected from the Hilo 7 1/2’ quadrangle during field work for a geologic map of that quadrangle (Buchanan-Banks, unpub data); a few sample sites are located in adjacent quadrangles: Piihonua to the west and Mountain View to the south. Altitudes are given in English units as well as metric to facilitate locating sites on USGS topographic maps.

","language":"English","publisher":"Cambridge University Press","doi":"10.1017/S0033822200044842","issn":"00338222","usgsCitation":"Buchanan-Banks, J., Lockwood, J.P., and Rubin, M., 1989, Radiocarbon dates for lava flows from northeast rift zone of Mauna Loa Volcano, Hilo 7 1/2 minute quadrangle, Island of Hawaii: Radiocarbon, v. 31, no. 2, p. 179-186, https://doi.org/10.1017/S0033822200044842.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"179","endPage":"186","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":492438,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0033822200044842","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":224183,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2016-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a93d9e4b0c8380cd81073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchanan-Banks, J.M.","contributorId":32918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan-Banks","given":"J.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, M.","contributorId":88079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70015543,"text":"70015543 - 1989 - A high-density remote reference magnetic variation profile in the Pacific northwest of North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:16:11","indexId":"70015543","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A high-density remote reference magnetic variation profile in the Pacific northwest of North America","docAbstract":"During the summer of 1985, as part of the EMSLAB Project, Brown University conducted a detailed magnetic variation study of the Oregon Coast Range and Cascades volcanic system along an E-W profile in central Oregon. Comprised of a sequence of 75 remote reference magnetic variation (MV) stations spaced 3-4 km apart, the profile stretched for 225 km from Newport, on the Oregon coast, across the Coast Range, the Willamette Valley, and the High Cascades to a point ??? 50 km east of Santiam Pass. At all of the MV stations, data were collected for short periods (16-100 s), and at 17 of these stations data were also obtained at longer periods (100-1600 s). Data were monitored with a three-component ring core fluxgate magnetometer (Nanotesla), and were recorded with a microcomputer (DEC PDP 11/73) based data acquisition system. A 2-D generalized inversion of the magnetic transfer coefficients over the period range of 16-1600 s indicates four distinct conductors. First, we see the coast effect caused by a large sedimentary wedge offshore. Second, we see the effect of currents flowing in the conductive sediments of the Willamette Valley. Our inversion suggests that the Willamette Valley consists of two electrically distinct features, due perhaps to a horst-like structure imprinted on the valley sediments. Next we note an electric current system centered beneath the High Cascades. This latter feature may be associated with a sediment-filled graben beneath Santiam Pass as suggested by some of the gravity and MT results reported to date. Finally, we detect the presence of a deep conductor at mid-crustal depths which laterally extends westward from beneath the Basin and Range Province, and terminates beneath the western Cascades. One view of this last result is that it appears that modern Basin and Range structure is being imprinted on pre-existing Cascade structure. ?? 1989.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(89)90016-2","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Hermance, J., Lusi, S., Slocum, W., Neumann, G., and Green, A., 1989, A high-density remote reference magnetic variation profile in the Pacific northwest of North America: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 53, no. 3-4, p. 305-319, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90016-2.","startPage":"305","endPage":"319","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":267325,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(89)90016-2"},{"id":224100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e41ee4b0c8380cd4640c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hermance, J.F.","contributorId":59565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hermance","given":"J.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lusi, S.","contributorId":37903,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lusi","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slocum, W.","contributorId":53096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slocum","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Neumann, G.A.","contributorId":11767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neumann","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Green, A.W. Jr.","contributorId":101007,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"A.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":26638,"text":"wri894062 - 1989 - Statistical and simulation analysis of hydraulic-conductivity data for Bear Creek and Melton Valleys, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-28T18:52:09.554135","indexId":"wri894062","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4062","title":"Statistical and simulation analysis of hydraulic-conductivity data for Bear Creek and Melton Valleys, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee","docAbstract":"

A total of 338 single-well aquifer tests from Bear Creek and Melton Valley, Tennessee were statistically grouped to estimate hydraulic conductivities for the geologic formations in the valleys. A cross-sectional simulation model linked to a regression model was used to further refine the statistical estimates for each of the formations and to improve understanding of ground-water flow in Bear Creek Valley. Median hydraulic-conductivity values were used as initial values in the model. Model-calculated estimates of hydraulic conductivity were generally lower than the statistical estimates. Simulations indicate that (1) the Pumpkin Valley Shale controls groundwater flow between Pine Ridge and Bear Creek; (2) all the recharge on Chestnut Ridge discharges to the Maynardville Limestone; (3) the formations having smaller hydraulic gradients may have a greater tendency for flow along strike; (4) local hydraulic conditions in the Maynardville Limestone cause inaccurate model-calculated estimates of hydraulic conductivity; and (5) the conductivity of deep bedrock neither affects the results of the model nor does it add information on the flow system. Improved model performance would require: (1) more water level data for the Copper Ridge Dolomite; (2) improved estimates of hydraulic conductivity in the Copper Ridge Dolomite and Maynardville Limestone; and (3) more water level data and aquifer tests in deep bedrock. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894062","usgsCitation":"Connell, J.F., and Bailey, Z., 1989, Statistical and simulation analysis of hydraulic-conductivity data for Bear Creek and Melton Valleys, Oak Ridge Reservation, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4062, v, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894062.","productDescription":"v, 49 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":416520,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47176.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55511,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4062/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":157861,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4062/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Bear Creek, Melton Valley, Oak Ridge Resevation","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.4167,\n 36.0319\n ],\n [\n -84.4167,\n 35.9\n ],\n [\n -84.2194,\n 35.9\n ],\n [\n -84.2194,\n 36.0319\n ],\n [\n -84.4167,\n 36.0319\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699c42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Connell, J. F.","contributorId":88779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connell","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bailey, Z. C.","contributorId":54587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bailey","given":"Z. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2681,"text":"wsp2234J - 1989 - Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-17T21:11:03.943038","indexId":"wsp2234J","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2234","chapter":"J","title":"Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81","docAbstract":"

On an annual basis, river-supplied nitrate is the predominant form of nitrogen supplied to the tidal Potomac River from external sources. Much of the nitrate is associated with high flows that have rapid transit times through the tidal river. The Blue Plains Sewage-Treatment Plant (STP) at Washington, D.C., is the greatest source of all nitrogen species during low-flow periods. Prior to the fall of 1980, ammonia concentrations in depth-integrated, composited water samples were greatest (more than 1.00 mg/L (milligram per liter) as nitrogen) during summer periods near Alexandria, Va., because of loading from the nearby Blue Plains STP and reduced river discharge. After the fall of 1980, initiation of advanced wastewater treatment at the Blue Plains STP reduced ammonia loading to the river by 90 percent and increased nitrate loading by a similar percentage. As a result, concentrations of ammonia during the 1981 low-flow period were less than 0.20 mg/L as nitrogen at Alexandria, while nitrate concentrations were greater than 1.50 mg/L as nitrogen. Concentrations of ammonia and nitrate at Alexandria were shown to be reasonably predictable by use of a simple dilution model that considers only loading from Chain Bridge and the Blue Plains STP. This apparently is the result of the short residence time through the Chain Bridge-to-Alexandria section of the tidal Potomac River, which precludes significant biological alterations. In marked contrast, the residence times of water parcels in the tidal Potomac River from Alexandria to Quantico, Va., are much greater because of the geometry of the reach. Biological nitrogen-cycle transformation processes affect nitrogen-species concentrations to a greater extent in this reach, especially during summer low-flow periods. Mass-balance calculations that separate changes in transport mass from biological transformations indicatethat the tidal Potomac River was a net sink for all the nitrogen constituents during the 1980 and 1981 summer low-flow periods. However, during the 1980-81 winter period, some ammonia and nitrate was transported out of the tidal Potomac River into the transition zone. Despite the reduced availability of ammonia, nitrogen-15 uptake studies showed that phytoplankton preferred ammonia to nitrate unless ammonia concentrations were less than 0.10 mg/L as nitrogen. Nitrification-rate studies during 1981 using a carbon-14 uptake technique indicate that rates did not vary with sample location, except for one sample from the head of the tidal river, where the rates were much higher. The numbers of Nitrobacter bacteria were highest in samples from near the Blue Plains STP and were greater than the numbers of Nitrosomonas bacteria. The predominance of Nitrobacter bacteria seemed to be associated with advanced wastewater treatment at the Blue Plains STP. Before advanced wastewater treatment, Nitrosomonas were numerically predominant and had the largest numbers near the Blue Plains STP. These results could be due to (1) loading of nitrifying bacteria in the Blue Plains sewage effluent that had been inhibited from further growth by an inhibitory substance or (2) the method used to measure nitrification rates, which measured only the ammonia oxidation stage; it is not possible to reject either mechanism on the basis of the data available. Process models were used in conjunction with mass-balance determinations and individual process studies to estimate rates of processes that were not directly measured. It is estimated that denitrification removed 10 times as much nitrate from the water column during the summer of 1981 as during the summer of 1980. Sedimentation of particulate nitrogen is estimated to be the largest sink for nitrogen from the water column and was approximately equal to the external annual loading of all nitrogen constituents on a daily basis. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wsp2234J","usgsCitation":"Shultz, D.J., 1989, Nitrogen dynamics in the tidal freshwater Potomac River, Maryland and Virginia, water years 1979-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2234, vii, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2234J.","productDescription":"vii, 41 p.","numberOfPages":"48","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415891,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25398.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":29037,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234j/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":138779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wsp/2234j/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 37.83634645818209\n ],\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 39.05175633806698\n ],\n [\n -77.4715913845413,\n 39.05175633806698\n ],\n [\n -77.4715913845413,\n 37.83634645818209\n ],\n [\n -76.2072200050025,\n 37.83634645818209\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8a29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shultz, David J.","contributorId":35324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shultz","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":145601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28399,"text":"wri894064 - 1989 - Flow and hydraulic characteristics of the Knik-Matanuska River estuary, Cook Inlet, southcentral Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T22:47:05.452273","indexId":"wri894064","displayToPublicDate":"1989-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1989","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"89-4064","title":"Flow and hydraulic characteristics of the Knik-Matanuska River estuary, Cook Inlet, southcentral Alaska","docAbstract":"

A study of the riverine-estuarine reach of the Knik and Matanuska Rivers provided flow and hydraulic data for use in the design of additional bridges over the rivers. Hydraulic analysis is complicated because: (1) the lower reaches of the rivers merge in a complex system of interconnected channels; and (2) this reach is subject to unsteady flow conditions resulting from a semidiurnal tide wave propagated up the channel through Knik Arm from Cook Inlet, whose tidal range is among the largest in the world. Analysis of flows for the Knik River is further complicated by the historic formation and outburst flooding of glacier-dammed Lake George in the Upper Knik River basin. Peak flows on the Knik River due to breakout floods were as much as seven times greater than peak flows of non-breakout floods. The U.S. Geological Survey 's branch-network flow model was used to simulate flows within the study reach. For the Knik River, simulated flows were within 10% of measured values in most cases. The model was also used to simulate the flow, stage, and velocity that would be expected in the various channels under different bridge configurations. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri894064","usgsCitation":"Lipscomb, S.W., 1989, Flow and hydraulic characteristics of the Knik-Matanuska River estuary, Cook Inlet, southcentral Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 89-4064, Report: v, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 16.06 x 11.01 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri894064.","productDescription":"Report: v, 52 p.; 1 Plate: 16.06 x 11.01 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413827,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_47178.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118928,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4064/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57206,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4064/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57205,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1989/4064/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Cook Inlet, Knik-Matanuska River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -149.2397,\n 61.5778\n ],\n [\n -149.2397,\n 61.4803\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 61.4803\n ],\n [\n -149,\n 61.5778\n ],\n [\n -149.2397,\n 61.5778\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d8e4b07f02db5df594","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lipscomb, S. W.","contributorId":65083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipscomb","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":14954,"text":"ofr87549 - 1988 - Post-eruption changes in channel geometry of streams in the Toutle River drainage basin, 1983-85, Mount St. Helens, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-04T17:12:27.532673","indexId":"ofr87549","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"87-549","title":"Post-eruption changes in channel geometry of streams in the Toutle River drainage basin, 1983-85, Mount St. Helens, Washington","docAbstract":"

The May 18, 1980, eruption of Mount St. Helens generated a debris avalanche, lateral blast, lahars and tephra deposits that altered mainstream and tributary channels within the Toutle River drainage basin. Channel cross sections were monumented and surveyed on the North Fork Toutle River and its tributaries, South Fork Toutle River, Green River, and Toutle River in 1980 and 1981. These streams drain the north and west flanks of the volcano. The network of channel cross sections has been resurveyed annually. Selected cross sections were surveyed more frequently following periods of higher flow. The repetitive cross-section surveys provide measurements of hank erosion or accretion and of channel erosion or aggradation. These data can be used to determine erosion rates, and to identify sources and storage sites of sediment in sediment budget computations. This report presents channel cross-section profiles constructed from the survey data collected during water years 1983-85.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr87549","usgsCitation":"Meyer, D.F., and Dodge, J., 1988, Post-eruption changes in channel geometry of streams in the Toutle River drainage basin, 1983-85, Mount St. Helens, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 87-549, v, 226 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr87549.","productDescription":"v, 226 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400175,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0549/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":145950,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1987/0549/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.29705810546874,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -121.981201171875,\n 46.18743678432541\n ],\n [\n -121.981201171875,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -122.29705810546874,\n 46.32417161725691\n ],\n [\n -122.29705810546874,\n 46.18743678432541\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683acc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, D. F.","contributorId":21167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dodge, J.E.","contributorId":21133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dodge","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":38198,"text":"pp1386B - 1988 - Glaciers of Antarctica","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":38198,"text":"pp1386B - 1988 - Glaciers of Antarctica","indexId":"pp1386B","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"chapter":"B","title":"Glaciers of Antarctica"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70042384,"text":"pp1386 - 1988 - Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world","indexId":"pp1386","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"title":"Satellite image atlas of glaciers of the world"},"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-02T15:16:14.227884","indexId":"pp1386B","displayToPublicDate":"1995-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1386","chapter":"B","title":"Glaciers of Antarctica","docAbstract":"

Of all the world's continents Antarctica is the coldest, the highest, and the least known. It is one and a half times the size of the United States, and on it lies 91 percent (30,109,800 km3) of the estimated volume of all the ice on Earth. Because so little is known about Antarctic glaciers compared with what is known about glaciers in populated countries, satellite imagery represents a great leap forward in the provision of basic data. From the coast of Antarctica to about 81?south latitude, there are 2,514 Landsat nominal scene centers (the fixed geographic position of the intersection of orbital paths and latitudinal rows). If there were cloud-free images for all these geographic centers, only about 520 Landsat images would be needed to provide complete coverage. Because of cloud cover, however, only about 70 percent of the Landsat imaging area, or 55 percent of the continent, is covered by good quality Landsat images. To date, only about 20 percent of Antarctica has been mapped at scales of 1:250,000 or larger, but these maps do include about half of the coastline. The area of Antarctica that could be planimetrically mapped at a scale of 1:250,000 would be tripled if the available Landsat images were used in image map production.

This chapter contains brief descriptions and interpretations of features seen in 62 carefully selected Landsat images or image mosaics. Images were chosen on the basis of quality and interest; for this reason they are far from evenly spaced around the continent. Space limitations allow less than 15 percent of the Landsat imaging area of Antarctica to be shown in the illustrations reproduced in this chapter. Unfortunately, a wealth of glaciological and other features of compelling interest is present in the many hundreds of images that could not be included. To help show some important features beyond the limit of Landsat coverage, and as an aid to the interpretation of certain features seen in the images, 38 oblique aerial photographs have been included. Again, these represent only a small fraction of the large number of aerial photographs now available in various national collections.

The chapter is divided into five geographic sections. The first is the Transantarctic Mountains in the Ross Sea area. Some very large outlet glaciers flow from the East Antarctic ice sheet through the Transantarctic Mountains to the Ross Ice Shelf. Byrd Glacier, one of the largest in the world, drains an area of more than 1,000,000 km2. Next, images from the Indian Ocean sector are discussed. These include the Lambert Glacier- Amery Ice Shelf system, so large that about 25 images must be mosaicked to cover its complex system of tributary glaciers. Shirase Glacier, a tidal outlet glacier in the sector, flows at a speed of 2.5 km a-l. About 200 km inland and 200 km west of Shirase Glacier lie the Queen Fabiola (\"Yamato\") Mountains, whose extensive exposures of `blue ice' lay claim to being the world's most important meteorite-collecting locality, with more than 4,700 meteorite fragments discovered since 1969.

The Atlantic Ocean sector is fringed by ice shelves into which flow large ice streams like Jutulstraumen, Stancomb-Wills, Slessor, and Recovery Glaciers. Filchner and Ronne Ice Shelves together cover an area two-thirds the size of Texas. From the western margin of the Ronne Ice Shelf, the north-trending arc of the Antarctic Peninsula, with its fjord and alpine landscape and fringing ice shelves, stretches towards South America. The Pacific Ocean sector begins with the Ellsworth Mountains, which include the highest peaks (Vinson Massif at 4,897 m) in Antarctica. The area between the Ellsworth Mountains and the eastern margin of the Ross Ice Shelf is fringed with small ice shelves and some major outlet glaciers. One of these, Pine Island Glacier, was found from comparing 1973 and 1975 images to have an average ice-front velocity of 2.4 km a-1. This part of Antarctica contains many dormant volcanoes; the summits of servers, such as Mount Takahe with its 8-km-wide summit caldera, protrude through the West Antarctic ice sheet. 

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Water resources data for the 1986 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report, volume 1, contains discharge records for 83 gaging stations; water quality for 13 gaging stations, 73 partial-record flow stations, and 172 wells; and water levels for 40 observations wells. Also included are 107 crest-stage partial-record stations and 10 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii. 

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4dd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, Salwyn S.W.","contributorId":91082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"Salwyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tateishi, Grace A.","contributorId":362753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tateishi","given":"Grace","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Johnson J.S.","contributorId":54232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Johnson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57448,"text":"wdrMS871 - 1988 - Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-28T13:41:03.782564","indexId":"wdrMS871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"MS-87-1","title":"Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1987","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1987 water year for Mississippi consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records of water discharge at 78 gaging stations; stage records for 18 of these gaging stations; stage only at 5 gaging stations; water quality for 11 stations, 3 precipitation quality stations, and 120 wells; and water levels for 498 observation wells. Also included are peak-discharge data for 56 crest-stage partial record stations, discharge data at 263 low-flow partial-record stations, and water quality data at 2 partial-record or miscellaneous sites. Locations of these sites are shown on Figures 4-6. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Mississippi.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrMS871","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Mississippi Department of Natural Resources and with other State, county, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Tharpe, E., Plunkett, M., Morris, F., and Oakley, W.T., 1988, Water resources data for Mississippi, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report MS-87-1, viii, 408 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrMS871.","productDescription":"viii, 408 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":494987,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/ms-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":174621,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/ms-87-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fccdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tharpe, E.J.","contributorId":57534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tharpe","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plunkett, M.L.","contributorId":82368,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plunkett","given":"M.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, F.","contributorId":17299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Oakley, W. T.","contributorId":76331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":257045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":55185,"text":"wdrHI862 - 1988 - Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1986: Volume 2. Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T16:02:14.078869","indexId":"wdrHI862","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-86-2","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1986: Volume 2. Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and American Samoa","docAbstract":"

Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1986 water year for other Pacific areas consists of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage of 2 lakes and a reservoir; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report contains discharge records for 29 gaging stations; stage only record for 3 gaging stations; water quality for 8 gaging stations; 5 partial-record stations; water temperature for 28 gaging stations; and water levels for 35 observation wells and water quality for 81 ground-water sites. Also included are 8 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Governments and Federal agencies in other Pacific areas. 

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI862","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Governments of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, American Samoa, and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1986, volume 2, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report HI-86-2, 126 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrHI862.","productDescription":"viii, 126 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":500861,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/hi-86-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180898,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/hi-86-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, Salwyn S.W.","contributorId":91082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"Salwyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tateishi, Grace A.","contributorId":362753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tateishi","given":"Grace","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Johnson J.S.","contributorId":54232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Johnson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57358,"text":"wdrTN871 - 1988 - Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-11T14:45:23.931961","indexId":"wdrTN871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"TN-87-1","title":"Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1987","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1987 water year for Tennessee consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels and water quality of wells; and quantity and quality of precipitation. This report contains discharge records for 100 gaging stations; stage only records for 6 gaging stations; elevation and contents for 27 lakes and reservoirs; water quality for 37 stations and 149 wells; water levels for 32 observation wells; and 1 precipitation station. Also included are 89 crest-stage partial-record stations and 82 low-flow partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various stream and spring sites not involved in the systematic data collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and Federal agencies in Tennessee.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrTN871","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Tennessee Department of Health and Environment, Office of Water Management; the Tennessee Valley Authority; and with other State, County, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Lowery, J., Counts, P., Edmiston, H., and Edwards, F., 1988, Water resources data for Tennessee, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report TN-87-1, xxii, 437 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrTN871.","productDescription":"xxii, 437 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184188,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/tn-87-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":495311,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/tn-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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F.D.","contributorId":74060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":256796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":55186,"text":"wdrHI871 - 1988 - Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1987: Volume 1. Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T15:45:07.386119","indexId":"wdrHI871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-87-1","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1987: Volume 1. Hawaii","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1987 water year for Hawaii and other Pacific Areas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams and springs; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report, volume 1, contains discharge records for 84 gaging stations; water quality for 14 gaging stations, 53 partial-record flow stations, and 184 wells; and water levels for 41 observations wells. Also included are 107 crest-stage partial-record stations and 10 low-flow partial-record stations. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, Federal, and other agencies in Hawaii. 

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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f72c9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nakahara, R. H.","contributorId":77516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nakahara","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yee, Johnson J.S.","contributorId":54232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Johnson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Domingo, J.A.","contributorId":8172,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Domingo","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":55187,"text":"wdrHI872 - 1988 - Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1987: Volume 2. Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and American Samoa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-06T15:39:20.352396","indexId":"wdrHI872","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"HI-87-2","title":"Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1987: Volume 2. Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and American Samoa","docAbstract":"

Volume 2 of water resources data for the 1987 water year for other Pacific areas consists of records of streamflow and stage of 2 lakes and a reservoir; and water levels and water quality in wells. This report contains discharge records for 26 gaging stations; stage only record for 3 gaging stations; water temperature for 26 gaging stations; and water levels for 36 observations wells and water quality for 64 ground-water sites. Also included are 12 low-flow and 2 crest-stage partial-record stations. Additional water data were collected at various sites, not part of the systematic data collection program, and are published as miscellaneous measurements. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Governments and Federal agencies in other Pacific areas.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrHI872","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Governments of Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, American Samoa, and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1988, Water resources data for Hawaii and other Pacific areas, water year 1987, volume 2, Guam, Northern Mariana Islands, Federated States of Micronesia, Palau, and American Samoa: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report HI-87-2, 108 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrHI872.","productDescription":"viii, 108 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":180993,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/hi-87-2/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":500859,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/hi-87-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fee4b07f02db5f6ef9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":532290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chinn, Salwyn S.W.","contributorId":91082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chinn","given":"Salwyn","email":"","middleInitial":"S.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tateishi, Grace A.","contributorId":362753,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tateishi","given":"Grace","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yee, Johnson J.S.","contributorId":54232,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yee","given":"Johnson","email":"","middleInitial":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":956466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":57525,"text":"wdrAZ851 - 1988 - Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-07T22:33:45.434599","indexId":"wdrAZ851","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"AZ-85-1","title":"Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1985","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1985 water year for Arizona consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; stage, contents, and water quality of lakes and reservoirs; water levels of observation wells; and quality of ground water. This report contains discharge records for 186 gaging stations, annual peaks for 24 crest-stage partial-record stations, and discharge measurements at 7 miscellaneous sites; contents only records for 8 lakes and reservoirs; stage and contents for 1 lake; elevation only for 1 streamflow station; 18 supplementary records, included with gaging-station records, consisting of monthend or monthly stage, contents, and evaporation of lakes and reservoirs, diversions, and return flows; water-quality records for 34 continuous-record stations and 5 miscellaneous sites; water levels for 95 observation wells; and water-quality data for water from 230 wells. The data re-present that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating Federal and State Agencies in Arizona.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrAZ851","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Arizona and with other agencies","usgsCitation":"White, N.D., and Garrett, W.B., 1988, Water resources data, Arizona, water year 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report AZ-85-1, xii, 343 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrAZ851.","productDescription":"xii, 343 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":413822,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/az-85-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":184320,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1985/az-85-1/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4e42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"White, Natalie D.","contributorId":97064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"White","given":"Natalie","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":533132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garrett, W. B.","contributorId":23963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garrett","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":865828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":55260,"text":"wdrKS871 - 1988 - Water resources data, Kansas, water year 1987","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-05T15:22:20","indexId":"wdrKS871","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"KS-87-1","title":"Water resources data, Kansas, water year 1987","docAbstract":"

Water-resources data for the 1987 water year for Kansas consist of records of stage, discharge, and water quality of streams; elevation, contents, and water quality of lakes or reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report contains records for water discharge at 140 gaging stations; elevation and contents at 24 lakes or reservoirs; water quality at 31 gaging stations; and water levels at 1,590 observation wells and water quality at 221 wells. Also included are data for 87 high-flow, 10 low-flow, and 1 flood hydrograph partial-record station; and 2 chemical-quality of precipitation stations. Miscellaneous field water-quality data were collected at 101 measured sites, and miscellaneous water-quality data were collected at 14 sampling sites. These data represent that part of the National Water Data System collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State and federal agencies in Kansas.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrKS871","usgsCitation":"Geiger, C., Lacock, D., Putnam, J., Merry, C., and Schneider, D., 1988, Water resources data, Kansas, water year 1987: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report KS-87-1, ix, 492 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrKS871.","productDescription":"ix, 492 p.","numberOfPages":"505","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":174070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/ks-87-1/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359197,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1987/ks-87-1/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f6e4b07f02db5f1322","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Geiger, C.O.","contributorId":18415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Geiger","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lacock, D.L.","contributorId":20003,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacock","given":"D.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Putnam, J.E.","contributorId":54634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Putnam","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merry, C.E.","contributorId":61497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merry","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schneider, D.R.","contributorId":67579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":253034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":58530,"text":"mf2047 - 1988 - Map showing radon potential of rocks and soils in Fairfax County, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-12-03T15:00:18","indexId":"mf2047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2047","title":"Map showing radon potential of rocks and soils in Fairfax County, Virginia","docAbstract":"Since 1984, indoor radon has gained national attention as a significant health hazard in the United States. Radon is a colorless, odorless, radioactive gas derived from uranium by radioactive decay. The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) now projects that 5,000 to 20,000 lung-cancer deaths per year may be attributed to the long-term exposure to indoor radon and its radioactive decay products. Indoor radon has been previously recognized as a health hazard associated with uranium-bearing mill tailings or building materials, but it was not until December 1984 that some natural soils and rocks were found to be sources of indoor radon at levels comparable to those in uranium mines. It is now suspected that elevated indoor radon levels are far more widespread than initially though. The EPA considers 4 picoCuries of radon per liter of air (pCi/L) as the level (in a year-round measurement) at which actions ought to be taken to lower the concentration of indoor radon. All soils and rocks contain measurable amounts of uranium, which generate measurable amounts of radon. Certain soils and rocks, however, have a greater potential to cause indoor radon problems than others because (1) they have a higher uranium content and thus can generate higher levels of radon in soil gas (gas that occupies the pores of the soil), and (2) the permeability of the sol or rack is sufficiently high that radon-bearing soil gas can flow freely and move indoors through the foundation of the structure. This study was designed to demonstrate the correlation between the geologic environment and indoor radon levels and to demonstrate a method of assessment that could be used by other informed workers in areas of their interest. A parallel study by Gundersen and others (1988) of the radon potential of rocks and soils in Montgomery County, Md., used somewhat different methods of assessment because the data available for and assessment of Montgomery County differed.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/mf2047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the County of Fairfax","usgsCitation":"Otton, J.K., Schumann, R.R., Owen, D.E., Thurman, N., and Duval, J.S., 1988, Map showing radon potential of rocks and soils in Fairfax County, Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2047, 1 Plate: 43.60 x 52.14 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2047.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 43.60 x 52.14 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":184817,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":278828,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2047/plate-1.pdf"}],"scale":"48000","country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Fairfax County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77.5,38.583333 ], [ -77.5,39.066667 ], [ -77.166667,39.066667 ], [ -77.166667,38.583333 ], [ -77.5,38.583333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b13e4b07f02db6a343e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Otton, James K. jkotton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otton","given":"James","email":"jkotton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":259633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schumann, R. Randall 0000-0001-8158-6960 rschumann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8158-6960","contributorId":1569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumann","given":"R.","email":"rschumann@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Randall","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":259634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Owen, Douglass E.","contributorId":76282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owen","given":"Douglass","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Thurman, Nelson","contributorId":57756,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thurman","given":"Nelson","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Duval, Joseph S.","contributorId":22314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":57396,"text":"wdrPA862 - 1988 - Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1986. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-07-29T21:49:14.476646","indexId":"wdrPA862","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1988","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":340,"text":"Water Data Report","code":"WDR","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"PA-86-2","title":"Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1986. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins","docAbstract":"

Water resources data for the 1986 water year for Pennsylvania consist of records of discharge and water quality of streams; contents and elevations of lakes and reservoirs; and water levels and water quality of ground-water wells. This report. Volume 2, includes records from the Susquehanna and Potomac River basins. Specifically, it contains: (1) Discharge records for 93 continuous record stream-flow-gaging stations and 12 crest-stage partial-record stations; (2) elevation and contents records for 13 lakes and reservoirs; (3) water-quality records for 22 streamflow-gaging stations, for 8 ungaged streamsites, and for 30 wells or springs; and (4) water-level records for 41 observation wells. Locations of these sites are shown on figures 7-10. Additional water data were collected at various sites not involved in the systematic data-collection program and are published as miscellaneous measurements and analyses and represent 3 special study and miscellaneous streamflow sites and 22 ground-water quality sites. These data together with the data in Volumes 1 and 3, represent that part of the National Water Data System operated by the U.S. Geological Survey and cooperating State, local, and Federal agencies in Pennsylvania.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wdrPA862","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Pennsylvania Department of nvironmental Resources, the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Baltimore District, The Susquehanna River Basin Commission, and with other State, municipal, and Federal agencies","usgsCitation":"Loper, W., Behrendt, T., and Schaffstall, W., 1988, Water resources data, Pennsylvania, water year 1986. Volume 2: Susquehanna and Potomac River basins: U.S. Geological Survey Water Data Report PA-86-2, viii, 330 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wdrPA862.","productDescription":"viii, 330 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":431581,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/pa-86-2/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":180884,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wdr/1986/pa-86-2/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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