Information is a resource that can help Native American governments and their people. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) makes available technical expertise, reports, and other impartial information sources that can benefit Native Americans interested in subsistence issues, water, land use, and the health of many parts of the environment.
The USGS works in cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, conducting research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, stream flow, biota, and other topics are available to American Indian and Alaska Native individuals and institutions. The USGS recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal fiscal year 2001. Some of these USGS activities were carried out in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). Others were conducted by Tribes and the USGS.
In 2001, the USGS began examining its activities related to American Indians and Alaska Natives to determine how it can better serve these customers within its mandates. A growing number of Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations have begun using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested in and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking relevant data from the USGS more frequently. Using digital technologies provides Tribal governments with additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The USGS recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities.
The USGS is responding to this need by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of those governments to conduct and improve scientific studies. The USGS is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science, and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the USGS is working to make hiring such students easier, and therefore more likely, for USGS managers.
The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The USGS is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, there are two types of USGS activities that do involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands.
The first type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing USGS programs, that involves collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects typically last 2 or 3 years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some projects are funded through cooperative agreements, from monies provided to the USGS by individual Tribal governments or by the BIA. The USGS provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The USGS routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the USGS and the BIA are cooperating to use USGS information resources to benefit American Indian and Alaska Native peoples and their lands.
The second type of USGS activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by USGS employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from one or more USGS employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities, USGS employees help fulfill a mission of the USGS-to make science relevant-while helping their fellow citizens. USGS employees have also taken the initiative in assisting American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster awareness of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which USGS employees participate. USGS employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.
Each part of the USGS has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. Furthermore, the USGS has instituted a regional organizational structure, with Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. The regions work in concert with specific scientific disciplines to conduct the scientific mission of the USGS. The regional structure is intended to bring us closer to our customers; we hope that Native Americans and Alaska Natives will use the contacts listed at the end of this report.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038036","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2001, xiii, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038036.","productDescription":"xiii, 55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":254501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038036/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":359901,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038036/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba51e4b08c986b3280de","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535179,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":31383,"text":"ofr01189 - 2001 - Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-07T15:11:36","indexId":"ofr01189","displayToPublicDate":"2002-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-189","title":"Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999","docAbstract":"The Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), a cooperative program of the U.S. Geological Survey, the Geophysical Institute of the University of Alaska - Fairbanks, and the Alaska Division of Geological and Geophysical Surveys, has maintained a seismic monitoring program at potentially active volcanoes in Alaska since 1988 (Power and others, 1993; Jolly and others, 1996). The primary objectives of this program are the seismic surveillance of active, potentially hazardous, Alaskan volcanoes and the investigation of seismic processes associated with active volcanism.
Between 1994 and 1999, the AVO seismic monitoring program underwent significant changes with networks added at new volcanoes during each summer from 1995 through 1999. The existing network at Katmai –Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes (VTTS) was repaired in 1995, and new networks were installed at Makushin (1996), Akutan (1996), Pavlof (1996), Katmai - south (1996), Aniakchak (1997), Shishaldin (1997), Katmai - north (1998), Westdahl, (1998), Great Sitkin (1999) and Kanaga (1999). These networks added to AVO's existing seismograph networks in the Cook Inlet area and increased the number of AVO seismograph stations from 46 sites and 57 components in 1994 to 121 sites and 155 components in 1999. The 1995–1999 seismic network expansion increased the number of volcanoes monitored in real-time from 4 to 22, including Mount Spurr, Redoubt Volcano, Iliamna Volcano, Augustine Volcano, Mount Snowy, Mount Griggs, Mount Katmai, Novarupta, Trident Volcano, Mount Mageik, Mount Martin, Aniakchak Crater, Pavlof Volcano, Mount Dutton, Isanotski volcano, Shisaldin Volcano, Fisher Caldera, Westdahl volcano, Akutan volcano, Makushin Volcano, Great Sitkin volcano, and Kanaga Volcano (see Figures 1-15). The network expansion also increased the number of earthquakes located from about 600 per year in1994 and 1995 to about 3000 per year between 1997 and 1999.
Highlights of the catalog period include: 1) a large volcanogenic seismic swarm at Akutan volcano in March and April 1996 (Lu and others, 2000); 2) an eruption at Pavlof Volcano in fall 1996 (Garces and others, 2000; McNutt and others, 2000); 3) an earthquake swarm at Iliamna volcano between September and December 1996; 4) an earthquake swarm at Mount Mageik in October 1996 (Jolly and McNutt, 1999); 5) an earthquake swarm located at shallow depth near Strandline Lake; 6) a strong swarm of earthquakes near Becharof Lake; 7) precursory seismicity and an eruption at Shishaldin Volcano in April 1999 that included a 5.2 ML earthquake and aftershock sequence (Moran and others, in press; Thompson and others, in press). The 1996 calendar year is also notable as the seismicity rate was very high, especially in the fall when 3 separate areas (Strandline Lake, Iliamna Volcano, and several of the Katmai volcanoes) experienced high rates of located earthquakes.
This catalog covers the period from January 1, 1994, through December 31,1999, and includes: 1) earthquake origin times, hypocenters, and magnitudes with summary statistics describing the earthquake location quality; 2) a description of instruments deployed in the field and their locations and magnifications; 3) a description of earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival; 4) velocity models used for earthquake locations; 5) phase arrival times recorded at individual stations; and 6) a summary of daily station usage from throughout the report period. We have made calculated hypocenters, station locations, system magnifications, velocity models, and phase arrival information available for download via computer network as a compressed Unix tar file.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01189","usgsCitation":"Jolly, A.D., Stihler, S.D., Power, J.A., Lahr, J.C., Paskievitch, J., Tytgat, G., Estes, S., Lockhart, A., Moran, S.C., McNutt, S.R., and Hammond, W.R., 2001, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1, 1994 through December 31, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-189, Report: 22 p.; Appendix B; Download: TAR.GZ file, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01189.","productDescription":"Report: 22 p.; Appendix B; Download: TAR.GZ file","numberOfPages":"22","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":164292,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr01189.jpg"},{"id":3058,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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C.","contributorId":20328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lahr","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paskievitch, John","contributorId":74050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paskievitch","given":"John","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tytgat, Guy","contributorId":71152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tytgat","given":"Guy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Estes, Steve","contributorId":55881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Lockhart, Andrew B. ablock@usgs.gov","contributorId":632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockhart","given":"Andrew B.","email":"ablock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":205840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Moran, Seth C. 0000-0001-7308-9649 smoran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7308-9649","contributorId":548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moran","given":"Seth","email":"smoran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"McNutt, Stephen R.","contributorId":38133,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNutt","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hammond, William R.","contributorId":76375,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70227059,"text":"70227059 - 2001 - Ecological subsections of southeast Alaska and neighboring areas of Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-28T16:13:00.826009","indexId":"70227059","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T09:57:33","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":90,"text":"Technical Publication","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"R10-TP-75","title":"Ecological subsections of southeast Alaska and neighboring areas of Canada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Nowacki, G., Shepard, M., Krosse, P., Pawuk, W., Fisher, G.B., Baichtal, J., Brew, D.A., Kissinger, E., and Brock, T., 2001, Ecological subsections of southeast Alaska and neighboring areas of Canada: Technical Publication R10-TP-75, 306 p.","productDescription":"306 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":393518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, British Columbia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -139.658203125,\n 54.29088164657006\n ],\n [\n -129.7265625,\n 54.29088164657006\n ],\n [\n -129.7265625,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -139.658203125,\n 59.689926220143356\n ],\n [\n -139.658203125,\n 54.29088164657006\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nowacki, Gregory","contributorId":270494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nowacki","given":"Gregory","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829444,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shepard, Michael","contributorId":270495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shepard","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829445,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krosse, Patricia","contributorId":270496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Krosse","given":"Patricia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pawuk, William","contributorId":270497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pawuk","given":"William","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Fisher, Gary B. 0000-0001-8777-0216 gtfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8777-0216","contributorId":215627,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gtfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36171,"text":"National Civil Applications Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":829448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baichtal, James F.","contributorId":243355,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Baichtal","given":"James F.","affiliations":[{"id":36400,"text":"US Forest Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":829449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Brew, David A. dbrew@usgs.gov","contributorId":3244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brew","given":"David","email":"dbrew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":829450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kissinger, Everett","contributorId":270498,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kissinger","given":"Everett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Brock, Terry","contributorId":97186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"Terry","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":829452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70188078,"text":"70188078 - 2001 - Effects of food stress on survival and reproductive performance of seabirds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T16:28:24","indexId":"70188078","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Effects of food stress on survival and reproductive performance of seabirds","docAbstract":"Traditional field methods of assessing effects of fluctuations in food supply on the survival and reproductive performance of seabirds may give equivocal results. In this project we applied an additional tool: The measure of stress hormones in free-ranging seabirds. Food stress can be quantified by measuring base levels of stress hormones such as corticosterone in the blood of seabirds, or the rise in blood levels of corticosterone in response to a standardized stressor: capture, handling and restraint. We applied these techniques to seabirds breeding in Lower Cook Inlet and also used captive birds for controlled experiments. This study provided a unique opportunity for a concurrent field and captive study of the behavioral and physiological consequences of stress in seabirds. Moreover, this study provides the basis for management of seabird populations in the areas affected by the Exxon Valdez oil spill, which will have broader applications for seabird monitoring programs. This year represents production of a synthesis of the project.
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Photogrammetric analysis of this photographic record has resulted in precise measurement of these changes. From 1982 to 2000 Columbia Glacier retreated 12 kilometers, reduced its thickness by as much as 400 meters, increased its speed from about 5 to 30 meters per day, and increased its calving rate from 3 to 18 million cubic meters per day. All photogrammetric data for Columbia Glacier from 1957 to 2000 are included in this report, as well as supplemental data of ice-dammed lake surface levels, stagnant ice ablation rate, forebay bathymetry, ground control, and camera calibrations. These data are contained in 481 files, all preserved on a CD-ROM included with this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri20014089","usgsCitation":"Krimmel, R.M., 2001, Photogrammetric Data Set, 1957-2000, and Bathymetric Measurements for Columbia Glacier, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4089, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri20014089.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014089","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160323,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147.5,60.833333333333336 ], [ -147.5,61.5 ], [ -146.41666666666666,61.5 ], [ -146.41666666666666,60.833333333333336 ], [ -147.5,60.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685e98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krimmel, Robert M.","contributorId":34902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krimmel","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30930,"text":"wri014109 - 2001 - Water temperature of streams in the Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, and implications of climate change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-24T12:41:50","indexId":"wri014109","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4109","title":"Water temperature of streams in the Cook Inlet basin, Alaska, and implications of climate change","docAbstract":"Water-temperature data from 32 sites in the Cook Inlet Basin, south-central Alaska, indicate various trends that depend on watershed characteristics. Basins with 25 percent or more of their area consisting of glaciers have the coldest water temperatures during the open-water season, mid-May to mid-October. Streams and rivers that drain lowlands have the warmest water temperatures. A model that uses air temperature as input to predict water temperature as output was utilized to simulate future trends in water temperature based on increased air temperatures due to climate warming. Based on the Nash-Sutcliffe coefficient, the model produced acceptable results for 27 sites. For basins with more than 25 percent glacial coverage, the model was not as accurate. Results indicate that 15 sites had a predicted water-temperature change of 3 degrees Celsius or more, a magnitude of change that is considered significant for the incidence of disease in fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri014109","collaboration":"Prepared as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Kyle, R.E., and Brabets, T.P., 2001, Water Temperature of Streams in the Cook Inlet Basin, Alaska, and Implications of Climate Change: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 01-4109, 24 p.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":2887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4109/wrir01-4109.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PDF of report"},{"id":160345,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2001/4109/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
http://or.water.usgs.gov
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr01128","usgsCitation":"Duval, J.S., 2001, Aerial gamma-ray surveys in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-128, 2 CD-ROMs, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01128.","productDescription":"2 CD-ROMs","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160351,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2894,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-128/index.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f4b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Duval, J. S.","contributorId":15200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duval","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205528,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":69410,"text":"i2673 - 2001 - Geologic map of the Arctic Quadrangle, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-15T14:09:41","indexId":"i2673","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2673","subseriesTitle":"GIS","title":"Geologic map of the Arctic Quadrangle, Alaska","docAbstract":"The Arctic quadrangle is well located to shed light on the basic geologic relations of northern Alaska. The rocks represent all of the stratigraphic systems from Cambrian to Cretaceous and all but one of the tectono-stratigraphic subterranes of the Brooks Range, from the autochthonous subterrane in the north to the allochthonous subterranes farther south. Among the distinctive geologic features displayed in the Arctic quadrangle are voluminous volcanic rocks of probable Devonian age, a wide array of Carboniferous carbonate facies in the Lisburne Group (which here extends up into the Middle Pennsylvanian), the southward transition of Upper Devonian (Famennian) clastic facies from fluvial conglomerate to marine sandstone, a full display of Upper Devonian (Frasnian) reef-related strata, and fossiliferous Ordovician rocks in both carbonate and chert terranes. Most of the quadrangle is in the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR) and Arctic Wildlife Refuge Wilderness. The quadrangle also includes Arctic Village, the only village in the region and a potential destination or transfer point for visitors to the wildlife refuge.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/i2673","usgsCitation":"Brosge, W., Reiser, H.N., Dutro, J., Detterman, R.L., and Tailleur, I., 2001, Geologic map of the Arctic Quadrangle, Alaska (Online Version 1.0 ): U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 2673, Sheet 1, 45 by 34 inches (in color); sheet 2, 29 by 29 inches; Accompanied by 38 page text, https://doi.org/10.3133/i2673.","productDescription":"Sheet 1, 45 by 34 inches (in color); sheet 2, 29 by 29 inches; Accompanied by 38 page text","costCenters":[{"id":386,"text":"Mineral Resources - Alaska","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":187722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":9382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/i2673/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110196,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_42116.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"42116"}],"scale":"200000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -147,68 ], [ -147,69 ], [ -144,69 ], [ -144,68 ], [ -147,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a858a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brosge, W. P.","contributorId":58248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brosge","given":"W. P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reiser, H. N.","contributorId":13199,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reiser","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dutro, J.T. Jr.","contributorId":8432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dutro","given":"J.T.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Detterman, R. L.","contributorId":71525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Detterman","given":"R.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tailleur, I.L.","contributorId":59027,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tailleur","given":"I.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":280351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":31217,"text":"ofr0144 - 2001 - Geophysical signatures used to constrain geologic mapping, narrowing the search for VMS deposits in southeast Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-03T14:08:56.89551","indexId":"ofr0144","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-44","title":"Geophysical signatures used to constrain geologic mapping, narrowing the search for VMS deposits in southeast Alaska","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr0144","usgsCitation":"Wynn, J., Doucette, J.P., Karl, S.M., McCafferty, A.E., Smith, B.D., and Bittenbender, P., 2001, Geophysical signatures used to constrain geologic mapping, narrowing the search for VMS deposits in southeast Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-44, One CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0144.","productDescription":"One CD-ROM","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160920,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2750,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/of01-044/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":420314,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34867.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -132,\n 58.328\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 58.328\n ],\n [\n -135,\n 54.667\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 54.667\n ],\n [\n -132,\n 58.328\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b488","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wynn, Jeff","contributorId":24395,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wynn","given":"Jeff","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doucette, Jon P.","contributorId":17656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Doucette","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Karl, Susan M. 0000-0003-1559-7826 skarl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1559-7826","contributorId":502,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"Susan","email":"skarl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bittenbender, Peter","contributorId":63442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bittenbender","given":"Peter","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180468,"text":"70180468 - 2001 - Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","indexId":"70180468","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1},{"subject":{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"70180476","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 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The series presents new and sometimes preliminary findings that are of interest to earth scientists in academia, government, and industry; to land and resource managers; and to the general public. Reports presented in Geologic Studies in Alaska cover a broad spectrum of topics from various parts of the State (fig. 1), serving to emphasize the diversity of USGS efforts to meet the Nation's needs for earth-science information in Alaska.
\nThe papers in this volume are organized under the topics: Hazards, Geologic Framework, Environment and Climate, and Resources. This organization is intended to reflect the scope and objectives of USGS geologic programs currently active in Alaska. The two Hazards studies discuss volcano-related topics in the seismically active southcentral Alaska region. The first paper revisits the eruptive events of Redoubt Volcano that occurred more than a decade ago and the subsequent development of the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO). This treatise documents the historic impact of this eruption and briefly summarizes the state of our knowledge of the other Cook Inlet, Alaska Peninsula, and Aleutian Island volcanoes. Finally, it discusses the recent role that AVO has had in seismic station installation and hazard assessment at volcanically active sites throughout the world. The second paper discusses the eruptive history of Snowy Mountain in the upper Alaska Peninsula. Because subsets of its 25-30 lava flows erupted as packages in short episodes, calculation of the volcano's lifetime average volumetric eruption rate is problematic. A portion of the cone was hydrothermally weakened and collapsed in the late Holocene producing a 22-km2 debris avalanche.
\nGeologic Framework studies provide background information that is the scientific basis for present and future earth science investigations. The first paper compares and contrasts the Insular-Intermontane suture zone (IISZ) of southeast Alaska with the Adria-Europe suture zone (AESZ) of Switzerland and Hungary. The study develops the hypothesis that the zones have distinct differences as well as similarities and neither is a simple lithotectonic terrane boundary. The second paper discusses the relation among volcanic, glacial, and tectonic activity in the Cold Bay and False Pass 1 :250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula. During Pleistocene time, continental-shelf glaciations and two massive volcanic centers were the dominant controls over landscape development. The third paper gives detailed geologic information for Paleozoic rocks within the Taylor Mountains D-1 quadrangle portion of the Holitna Lowland of southwestern Alaska. Because of the excellent preservation of megafossils, these Silurian and Ordovician strata lend themselves to detailed statigraphic investigations. Further, low thermal alteration indices of this area have made them a potential target of petroleum exploration. The final report in this section discusses the development of a new spectral enhancement approach for interpreting Multispectral Scanner (MSS) and Thematic Mapper (TM) satellite images. This technique enhances the use of remote sensing data in identifying geologic units in areas that have been poorly investigated. This study used this technique to better define the distribution of a JMtu (mafic, ultramafic, and sedimentary) unit and a PzZrqs (pelitic and quartzitic schist) unit.
\nEnvironment and climate studies are the emphasis of two papers. One presents the first radiocarbon-dated postglacial vegetation history of the Kenai Mountains of southcentral Alaska. This reconstruction is the result of the analysis of pollen assemblages and peat from sediments collected in Tern Lake and presents a minimum age for deglaciation of these interior valleys at 9,31 0±200 yr B .P. Current vegetation, however, developed within the past ca. 2,500 years. A second study discusses the cycling of arsenic and cadmium in sub-arctic boreal forest ecosystems typical of interior Alaska and defines the importance of various natural (geogenic) sources. The transport and uptake into vegetation of these elements from soils developed from loess as well as soils developed from the major rock units is presented. The bioaccumulation of cadmium in willow (Salix sp.) and its potential consequence to the health of browsing animals is discussed.
\nPapers related to resource issues comprise the topic of the final report. This paper presents a brief statistical summary of the geochemistry of rock samples collected in the east-central portion of the Eagle 1 :250,000-scale quadrangle. This study helps define the rock unit source of both resource- and environmental-based chemical elements of interest in the Fortymile mining district.
\nTwo bibliographies at the end of the volume list reports covering Alaska earth science topics in USGS publications during 1999 and reports about Alaska by USGS authors in non-USGS publications during the same period.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adee4b07f02db6874a1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Gough, Larry P. lgough@usgs.gov","contributorId":1230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"Larry","email":"lgough@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":544579,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":544580,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4810,"text":"fs02401 - 2001 - The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:44","indexId":"fs02401","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"024-01","title":"The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive","docAbstract":"The area currently known as the National Petroleum ReserveAlaska was originally designated in 1923 as Naval Petroleum Reserve No. 4 (NPR4). It was one of four U.S. regions thought to contain significant amounts of oil that were to be reserved for national crises. Geographic and geologic knowledge of the NPR4 was only superficial in 1923. Earlier exploration, however, had shown that the region contained the ingredients necessary for oil accumulations to exist: source rocks, reservoir rocks, and geologic structures that could trap petroleum. Oil seeps on the coast and the size of the area (some 37,000 square miles, about the size of Indiana) reinforced the notion that significant quantities of petroleum were present.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/fs02401","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., 2001, The National Petroleum Reserve-Alaska (NPRA) data archive: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 024-01, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02401.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121595,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_024_01.bmp"},{"id":503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/factsheet/fs024-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67afdf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":4811,"text":"fs02801 - 2001 - Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-23T15:08:47","indexId":"fs02801","displayToPublicDate":"2001-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"028-01","title":"Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis","docAbstract":"The Alaska National Interest Lands Conservation Act (1980) established the Arctic National Wildlife Refuge (ANWR). In section 1002 of that act, Congress deferred a decision regarding future management of the 1.5-million-acre coastal plain (\"1002 area\") in recognition of the area’s potentially enormous oil and gas resources and its importance as wildlife habitat. A report on the resources (including petroleum) of the 1002 area was submitted in 1987 to Congress by the Department of the Interior (DOI). Since completion of that report, numerous wells have been drilled and oil fields discovered near ANWR, new geologic and geophysical data have become available, seismic processing and interpretation capabilities have improved, and the economics of North Slope oil development have changed significantly.
The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) commonly is asked to provide the Federal Government with timely scientific information in support of decisions regarding land management, environmental quality, and economic and strategic policy. To do so, the USGS must anticipate issues most likely to be the focus of policymakers in the future. Anticipating the need for scientific information and considering the decade-old perspective of the petroleum resource estimates included in the 1987 Report to Congress, the USGS has reexamined the geology of the ANWR 1002 area and has prepared a new petroleum resource assessment.
","language":"English","doi":"10.3133/fs02801","usgsCitation":"Bird, K.J., and Houseknecht, D., 2001, Arctic National Wildlife Refuge, 1002 area, petroleum assessment, 1998, including economic analysis: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 028-01, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs02801.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117058,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_028_01.jpg"},{"id":504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-0028-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674d07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bird, K. J.","contributorId":57824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bird","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houseknecht, D.W. 0000-0002-9633-6910","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":33695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"D.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70208234,"text":"70208234 - 2001 - Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-31T11:45:07","indexId":"70208234","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-31T11:33:15","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska","docAbstract":"The 130 km long Noatak basin is surrounded by mountains of the western Brooks Range. Middle and late Pleistocene glaciers flowing southeast into the basin dammed a succession of proglacial lakes defined by shorelines, outlet channels, and upper limits of wave erosion. More than 60 bluffs along the Noatak River and its principal tributaries expose glacial and glaciolacustrine sediments that exhibit cut-and-fill relationships with interglacial and interstadial river-channel and floodplain deposits. This report focuses on the western Noatak basin, where high bluffs created by deep postglacial erosion record four major glacial advances. During the Cutler advance, a floating ice tongue terminated in a large proglacial lake that filled the Noatak basin. The retreating glacier abandoned a trough along the valley center that subsequently filled with about 40 m of sediment during several younger glaciations and probably two major interglacial episodes. Alluvium that formed near the beginning of the younger interglaciation contains the 140,000 yr old Old Crow tephra. The subsequent closely spaced Okak and Makpik advances are clearly younger than the maximum of the last interglaciation, but they preceded a middle Wisconsin (36-30 ka) nonglacial interval in the Noatak basin. The Okak advance terminated in an extensive lake, whereas glaciers of the Makpik and the subsequent Anisak advances flowed into much narrower lakes that filled only the basin center. The Anisak advance, bracketed by radiocarbon ages of about 35 and 13.6 ka, represents the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) in the western Noatak basin. Correlations with the oldest and youngest glacial deposits of the central Brooks Range are clear, but relationships to events of intermediate age are more tenuous. Early Pleistocene and older glacial advances from the central Brooks Range must have filled the Noatak basin and overflowed northward through Howard Pass. A younger glacial advance, of inferred middle Pleistocene (Sagavanirktok River) age, extended down the Noatak valley into the basin center, but its deposits are deeply buried beneath the basin floor and must be older than the Cutler moraine. The Cutler advance may have been synchronous with the older of two advances of Itkillik I age in the Atongarak Creek area, but other evidence indicates that the Okak-Makpik moraine succession more likely was synchronous with the two Atongarak Creek moraines. Radiocarbon ages, surface morphology, soil and weathering profiles, and lake-level history all support correlation of the last (Anisak) major glacial advance in the western basin with the Douglas Creek moraine farther east and with Itkillik II (late Wisconsin) glaciation of the central Brooks Range.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00110-4","usgsCitation":"Hamilton, T.D., 2001, Quaternary glacial, lacustrine, and fluvial interactions in the western Noatak basin, Northwest Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 1-3, p. 371-391, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00110-4.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"371","endPage":"391","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":371810,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Noatak River region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -163.8720703125,\n 65.91062334197893\n ],\n [\n -153.929443359375,\n 65.91062334197893\n ],\n [\n -153.929443359375,\n 69.00961097622238\n ],\n [\n -163.8720703125,\n 69.00961097622238\n ],\n [\n -163.8720703125,\n 65.91062334197893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hamilton, T. D.","contributorId":36921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hamilton","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70073959,"text":"70073959 - 2001 - Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-24T15:40:08","indexId":"70073959","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T15:35:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1836,"text":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models","docAbstract":"The concurrent effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 concentration, climate variability, and cropland establishment and abandonment on terrestrial carbon storage between 1920 and 1992 were assessed using a standard simulation protocol with four process-based terrestrial biosphere models. Over the long-term(1920–1992), the simulations yielded a time history of terrestrial uptake that is consistent (within the uncertainty) with a long-term analysis based on ice core and atmospheric CO2 data. Up to 1958, three of four analyses indicated a net release of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere caused by cropland establishment. After 1958, all analyses indicate a net uptake of carbon by terrestrial ecosystems, primarily because of the physiological effects of rapidly rising atmospheric CO2. During the 1980s the simulations indicate that terrestrial ecosystems stored between 0.3 and 1.5 Pg C yr−1, which is within the uncertainty of analysis based on CO2 and O2 budgets. Three of the four models indicated (in accordance with O2 evidence) that the tropics were approximately neutral while a net sink existed in ecosystems north of the tropics. Although all of the models agree that the long-term effect of climate on carbon storage has been small relative to the effects of increasing atmospheric CO2 and land use, the models disagree as to whether climate variability and change in the twentieth century has promoted carbon storage or release. Simulated interannual variability from 1958 generally reproduced the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO)-scale variability in the atmospheric CO2 increase, but there were substantial differences in the magnitude of interannual variability simulated by the models. The analysis of the ability of the models to simulate the changing amplitude of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO2 suggested that the observed trend may be a consequence of CO2 effects, climate variability, land use changes, or a combination of these effects. The next steps for improving the process-based simulation of historical terrestrial carbon include (1) the transfer of insight gained from stand-level process studies to improve the sensitivity of simulated carbon storage responses to changes in CO2 and climate, (2) improvements in the data sets used to drive the models so that they incorporate the timing, extent, and types of major disturbances, (3) the enhancement of the models so that they consider major crop types and management schemes, (4) development of data sets that identify the spatial extent of major crop types and management schemes through time, and (5) the consideration of the effects of anthropogenic nitrogen deposition. The evaluation of the performance of the models in the context of a more complete consideration of the factors influencing historical terrestrial carbon dynamics is important for reducing uncertainties in representing the role of terrestrial ecosystems in future projections of the Earth system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Global Biogeochemical Cycles","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2000GB001298","usgsCitation":"McGuire, A., Sitch, S., Clein, J.S., Dargaville, R., Esser, G., Foley, J., Heimann, M., Joos, F., Kaplan, J., Kicklighter, D., Meier, R., Melillo, J.M., Moore, B., Prentice, I.C., Ramankutty, N., Reichenau, T., Schloss, A., Tian, H., Williams, L., and Wittenberg, U., 2001, Carbon balance of the terrestrial biosphere in the twentieth century: analyses of CO2, climate and land use effects with four process-based ecosystem models: Global Biogeochemical Cycles, v. 15, no. 1, p. 183-206, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001298.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"183","endPage":"206","numberOfPages":"24","costCenters":[{"id":108,"text":"Alaska Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478829,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://boris.unibe.ch/158812/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":281545,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281544,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GB001298"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd502be4b0b290850f32c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGuire, A. D.","contributorId":16552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"A. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sitch, S.","contributorId":81652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sitch","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clein, Joy S.","contributorId":83697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clein","given":"Joy","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489296,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dargaville, R.","contributorId":101980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dargaville","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489298,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Esser, G.","contributorId":15373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esser","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Foley, J.","contributorId":40760,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foley","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Heimann, Martin","contributorId":76497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimann","given":"Martin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Joos, F.","contributorId":30786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Joos","given":"F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Kaplan, J.","contributorId":82888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Kicklighter, D. W.","contributorId":31537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kicklighter","given":"D. W.","affiliations":[{"id":13627,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, Woods Hole, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":489283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Meier, R.A.","contributorId":79267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Melillo, J. M.","contributorId":73139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melillo","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Moore, B. III","contributorId":96845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"B.","suffix":"III","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489297,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Prentice, I. C.","contributorId":63969,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prentice","given":"I.","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Ramankutty, N.","contributorId":57624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ramankutty","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Reichenau, T.","contributorId":107064,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reichenau","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Schloss, A.","contributorId":44320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloss","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Tian, H.","contributorId":43524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tian","given":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":18},{"text":"Williams, L.J.","contributorId":41183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":19},{"text":"Wittenberg, U.","contributorId":63990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittenberg","given":"U.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":489290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":20}]}} ,{"id":70074116,"text":"70074116 - 2001 - Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-27T14:52:25","indexId":"70074116","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California","docAbstract":"To investigate seismic source parameter scaling and seismic efficiency in the Long Valley caldera, California, we measured source parameters for 41 earthquakes (M 0.5 to M 5) recorded at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Exploratory Well. Borehole recordings provide a wide frequency bandwidth, typically 1 to 200–300 Hz, and greatly reduce seismic noise and path effects compared to surface recordings. We calculated source parameters in both the time and frequency domains for P and S waves. At frequencies above the corner frequency, spectra decay faster than ω3, indicating that attenuation plays an important role in shaping the spectra (path averaged Qp = 100–400, Qs = 200–800). Source parameters are corrected for attenuation and radiation pattern.\n\nBoth static stress drops and apparent stresses range from approximately 0.01 to 30 MPa. Although static stress drops do not vary with seismic moment for these data, our analyses are consistent with apparent stress increasing with increasing moment. To estimate tectonic driving stress and seismic efficiencies in the region, we combined source parameter measurements with knowledge of the stress field and a Coulomb failure criterion to infer a driving stress of 40–70 MPa. Subsequent seismic efficiencies are consistent with McGarr's (1999) hypothesis of a maximum seismic efficiency of 6%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120000079","usgsCitation":"Prejean, S.G., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2001, Observations of earthquake source parameters at 2 km depth in the Long Valley Caldera, eastern California: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 91, no. 2, p. 165-177, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120000079.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"165","endPage":"177","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281592,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281591,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/0120000079"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Long Valley Caldera","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.3236,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,38.1445 ], [ -117.965,36.0389 ], [ -119.3236,36.0389 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd6984e4b0b29085102b9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prejean, Stephanie G. sprejean@usgs.gov","contributorId":2602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prejean","given":"Stephanie","email":"sprejean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":489422,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":489421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70046927,"text":"70046927 - 2001 - National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-09T13:36:34","indexId":"70046927","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T13:30:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"National Hydrography Dataset (NHD)","docAbstract":"The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is a feature-based database that interconnects and uniquely identifies the stream segments or reaches that make up the nation's surface water drainage system. NHD data was originally developed at 1:100,000 scale and exists at that scale for the whole country. High resolution NHD adds detail to the original 1:100,000-scale NHD. (Data for Alaska, Puerto Rico and the Virgin Islands was developed at high-resolution, not 1:100,000 scale.) Like the 1:100,000-scale NHD, high resolution NHD contains reach codes for networked features and isolated lakes, flow direction, names, stream level, and centerline representations for areal water bodies. Reaches are also defined to represent waterbodies and the approximate shorelines of the Great Lakes, the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and the Gulf of Mexico. The NHD also incorporates the National Spatial Data Infrastructure framework criteria set out by the Federal Geographic Data Committee.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70046927","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and other State and local partners (see dataset specific metadata under Data_Set_Credit for details)","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2001, National Hydrography Dataset (NHD), Dataset, https://doi.org/10.3133/70046927.","productDescription":"Dataset","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":274774,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":274773,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/nhd.xml"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.7333,24.5333 ], [ -124.7333,49.3833 ], [ -67.9500,49.3833 ], [ -67.9500,24.5333 ], [ -124.7333,24.5333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51dd30ece4b0f72b44719c9b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}