Columbus crater in the Terra Sirenum region of the Martian southern highlands contains light‐toned layered deposits with interbedded sulfate and phyllosilicate minerals, a rare occurrence on Mars. Here we investigate in detail the morphology, thermophysical properties, mineralogy, and stratigraphy of these deposits; explore their regional context; and interpret the crater's aqueous history. Hydrated mineral‐bearing deposits occupy a discrete ring around the walls of Columbus crater and are also exposed beneath younger materials, possibly lava flows, on its floor. Widespread minerals identified in the crater include gypsum, polyhydrated and monohydrated Mg/Fe‐sulfates, and kaolinite; localized deposits consistent with montmorillonite, Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates, jarosite, alunite, and crystalline ferric oxide or hydroxide are also detected. Thermal emission spectra suggest abundances of these minerals in the tens of percent range. Other craters in northwest Terra Sirenum also contain layered deposits and Al/Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates, but sulfates have so far been found only in Columbus and Cross craters. The region's intercrater plains contain scattered exposures of Al‐phyllosilicates and one isolated mound with opaline silica, in addition to more common Fe/Mg‐phyllosilicates with chlorides. A Late Noachian age is estimated for the aqueous deposits in Columbus, coinciding with a period of inferred groundwater upwelling and evaporation, which (according to model results reported here) could have formed evaporites in Columbus and other craters in Terra Sirenum. Hypotheses for the origin of these deposits include groundwater cementation of crater‐filling sediments and/or direct precipitation from subaerial springs or in a deep (∼900 m) paleolake. Especially under the deep lake scenario, which we prefer, chemical gradients in Columbus crater may have created a habitable environment at this location on early Mars.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGU","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003694","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Wray, J., Milliken, R., Dundas, C.M., Swayze, G.A., Andrews-Hanna, J.C., Baldridge, A., Chojnacki, M., Bishop, J., Ehlmann, B., Murchie, S., Clark, R.N., Seelos, F., Tornabene, L., and Squyres, S.W., 2011, Columbus crater and other possible groundwater-fed paleolakes of Terra Sirenum, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 116, no. 1, E01001; 41 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003694.","productDescription":"E01001; 41 p.","ipdsId":"IP-021564","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475082,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010je003694","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216390,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003694"},{"id":244254,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"116","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7cfe4b0c8380cd4ccf8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wray, J.J.","contributorId":26049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wray","given":"J.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Milliken, R.E.","contributorId":98022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"R.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dundas, Colin M. 0000-0003-2343-7224 cdundas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2343-7224","contributorId":2937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dundas","given":"Colin","email":"cdundas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swayze, Gregg A. 0000-0002-1814-7823 gswayze@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1814-7823","contributorId":518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swayze","given":"Gregg","email":"gswayze@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Andrews-Hanna, J. C.","contributorId":37532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews-Hanna","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Baldridge, A.M.","contributorId":15037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldridge","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chojnacki, M.","contributorId":25385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chojnacki","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Bishop, J.L.","contributorId":83244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bishop","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ehlmann, B.L.","contributorId":107837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ehlmann","given":"B.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Murchie, S.L.","contributorId":7369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murchie","given":"S.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Clark, Roger N. 0000-0002-7021-1220 rclark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7021-1220","contributorId":515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Roger","email":"rclark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Seelos, F.P.","contributorId":44350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seelos","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Tornabene, L.L.","contributorId":99679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tornabene","given":"L.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Squyres, S. W.","contributorId":31836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Squyres","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70035990,"text":"70035990 - 2011 - Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-04T17:19:42.215385","indexId":"70035990","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2682,"text":"Marine and Petroleum Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations","docAbstract":"In February 2007, the U.S. Department of Energy, BP Exploration (Alaska), and the U.S. Geological Survey, collected open-hole pressure-response data, as well as gas and water sample collection, in a gas hydrate reservoir (the BPXA-DOE-USGS Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well) using Schlumberger's Modular Dynamics Formation Tester (MDT) wireline tool. Four such MDT tests, ranging from six to twelve hours duration, and including a series of flow, sampling, and shut-in periods of various durations, were conducted. Locations for the testing were selected based on NMR and other log data to assure sufficient isolation from reservoir boundaries and zones of excess free water. Test stages in which pressure was reduced sufficiently to mobilize free water in the formation (yet not cause gas hydrate dissociation) produced readily interpretable pressure build-up profiles. Build-ups following larger drawdowns consistently showed gas-hydrate dissociation and gas release (as confirmed by optical fluid analyzer data), as well as progressive dampening of reservoir pressure build-up during sequential tests at a given MDT test station.
History matches of one multi-stage, 12-h test (the C2 test) were accomplished using five different reservoir simulators: CMG-STARS, HydrateResSim, MH21-HYDRES, STOMP-HYD, and TOUGH + HYDRATE. Simulations utilized detailed information collected across the reservoir either obtained or determined from geophysical well logs, including thickness (11.3 m, 37 ft.), porosity (35%), hydrate saturation (65%), both mobile and immobile water saturations, intrinsic permeability (1000 mD), pore water salinity (5 ppt), and formation temperature (3.3–3.9 °C). This paper will present the approach and preliminary results of the history-matching efforts, including estimates of initial formation permeability and analyses of the various unique features exhibited by the MDT results.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012","issn":"02648172","usgsCitation":"Anderson, B., Hancock, S., Wilson, S., Enger, C., Collett, T.S., Boswell, R., and Hunter, R., 2011, Formation pressure testing at the Mount Elbert Gas Hydrate Stratigraphic Test Well, Alaska North Slope: Operational summary, history matching, and interpretations: Marine and Petroleum Geology, v. 28, no. 2, p. 478-492, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"478","endPage":"492","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244348,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216477,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2010.02.012"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"The North Slope","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 67.20403234340081\n ],\n [\n -140.888671875,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 71.63599288330609\n ],\n [\n -167.080078125,\n 67.20403234340081\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"28","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a135ae4b0c8380cd54621","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, B.","contributorId":34705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hancock, S.","contributorId":71742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hancock","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, S.","contributorId":98935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Enger, C.","contributorId":83762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Enger","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Collett, Timothy S. 0000-0002-7598-4708 tcollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7598-4708","contributorId":1698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collett","given":"Timothy","email":"tcollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":453506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boswell, R.","contributorId":35121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boswell","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hunter, R.","contributorId":36778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunter","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":453505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70032270,"text":"70032270 - 2011 - Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solutions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:29","indexId":"70032270","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2121,"text":"Issues in Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solutions","docAbstract":"It is not surprising that humans have profoundly altered the global nitrogen (N) cycle in an effort to feed 7 billion people, because nitrogen is an essential plant and animal nutrient. Food and energy production from agriculture, combined with industrial and energy sources, have more than doubled the amount of reactive nitrogen circulating annually on land. Humanity has disrupted the nitrogen cycle even more than the carbon (C) cycle. We present new research results showing widespread effects on ecosystems, biodiversity, human health, and climate, suggesting that in spite of decades of research quantifying the negative consequences of too much available nitrogen in the biosphere, solutions remain elusive. There have been important successes in reducing nitrogen emissions to the atmosphere and this has improved air quality. Effective solutions for reducing nitrogen losses from agriculture have also been identified, although political and economic impediments to their adoption remain. Here, we focus on the major sources of reactive nitrogen for the United States (U.S.), their impacts, and potential mitigation options. Sources: ??? Intensive development of agriculture, industry, and transportation has profoundly altered the U.S. nitrogen cycle. ??? Nitrogen emissions from the energy and transportation sectors are declining, but agricultural emissions are increasing. ??? Approximately half of all nitrogen applied to boost agricultural production escapes its intended use and is lost to the environment. Impacts: ??? Two-thirds of U.S. coastal systems are moderately to severely impaired due to nutrient loading; there are now approximately 300 hypoxic (low oxygen) zones along the U.S. coastline and the number is growing. One third of U.S. streams and two fifths of U.S. lakes are impaired by high nitrogen concentrations. ??? Air pollution continues to reduce biodiversity. A nation-wide assessment has documented losses of nitrogen-sensitive native species in favor of exotic, invasive species. ??? More than 1.5 million Americans drink well water contaminated with too much (or close to too much) nitrate (a regulated drinking water pollutant), potentially placing them at increased risk of birth defects and cancer. More research is needed to deepen understanding of these health risks. ??? Several pathogenic infections, including coral diseases, bird die-offs, fish diseases, and human diarrheal diseases and vector-borne infections are associated with nutrient losses from agriculture and from sewage entering ecosystems. ??? Nitrogen is intimately linked with the carbon cycle and has both warming and cooling effects on the climate. Mitigation Options: ??? Regulation of nitrogen oxide (NOX) emissions from energy and transportation sectors has greatly improved air quality, especially in the eastern U.S. Nitrogen oxide is expected to decline further as stronger regulations take effect, but ammonia remains mostly unregulated and is expected to increase unless better controls on ammonia emissions from livestock operations are implemented. ??? Nitrogen loss from farm and livestock operations can be reduced 30-50% using current practices and technologies and up to 70-90% with innovative applications of existing methods. Current U.S. agricultural policies and support systems, as well as declining investments in agricultural extension, impede the adoption of these practices. Society faces profound challenges to meet demands for food, fiber, and fuel while minimizing unintended environmental and human health impacts. While our ability to quantify transfers of nitrogen across land, water, and air has improved since the first publication of this series in 1997, an even bigger challenge remains: using the science for effective management policies that reduce climate change, improve water quality, and protect human and environmental health. ?? The Ecological Society of America.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Issues in Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"10928987","usgsCitation":"Davidson, E., David, M., Galloway, J., Goodale, C., Haeuber, R., Harrison, J., Howarth, R.W., Jaynes, D., Lowrance, R., Thomas, N.B., Peel, J., Pinder, R., Porter, E., Snyder, C., Townsend, A., and Ward, M., 2011, Excess nitrogen in the U.S. environment: Trends, risks, and solutions: Issues in Ecology, no. 15.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":242777,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0da6e4b0c8380cd53117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davidson, E.A.","contributorId":26843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"David, M.B.","contributorId":20089,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"David","given":"M.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, J.N.","contributorId":8740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goodale, C.L.","contributorId":100677,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goodale","given":"C.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Haeuber, R.","contributorId":52528,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeuber","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harrison, J. A.","contributorId":73434,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harrison","given":"J. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Howarth, R. W.","contributorId":48126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howarth","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":12722,"text":"Cornell University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":435372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Jaynes, D.B.","contributorId":103505,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jaynes","given":"D.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Lowrance, R.R.","contributorId":21836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowrance","given":"R.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Thomas, Nolan B.","contributorId":6735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Nolan","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Peel, J.L.","contributorId":46374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peel","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Pinder, R.W.","contributorId":36817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pinder","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Porter, E.","contributorId":77434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Porter","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Snyder, C.S.","contributorId":7149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snyder","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Townsend, A.R.","contributorId":16631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Ward, M.H.","contributorId":35939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"M.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":435369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16}]}} ,{"id":70036075,"text":"70036075 - 2011 - Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-03T21:59:30.964283","indexId":"70036075","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams","docAbstract":"Nutrient recycling by animals is a potentially important biogeochemical process in both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems. Stoichiometric traits of individual species may result in some taxa playing disproportionately important roles in the recycling of nutrients relative to their biomass, acting as keystone nutrient recyclers. We examined factors controlling the relative contribution of 12 Neotropical fish species to nutrient recycling in four streams spanning a range of phosphorus (P) levels. In high‐P conditions (135 μg/L soluble reactive phosphorus, SRP), most species fed on P‐enriched diets and P excretion rates were high across species. In low‐P conditions (3 μg/L SRP), aquatic food resources were depleted in P, and species with higher body P content showed low rates of P recycling. However, fishes that were subsidized by terrestrial inputs were decoupled from aquatic P availability and therefore excreted P at disproportionately high rates. One of these species, Astyanax aeneus (Characidae), represented 12% of the total population and 18% of the total biomass of the fish assemblage in our focal low‐P study stream but had P excretion rates >10‐fold higher than other abundant fishes. As a result, we estimated that P excretion by A. aeneus accounted for 90% of the P recycled by this fish assemblage and also supplied ∼90% of the stream P demand in this P‐limited ecosystem. Nitrogen excretion rates showed little variation among species, and the contribution of a given species to ecosystem N recycling was largely dependent upon the total biomass of that species. Because of the high variability in P excretion rates among fish species, ecosystem‐level P recycling could be particularly sensitive to changes in fish community structure in P‐limited systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/10-0081.1","usgsCitation":"Small, G.E., Pringle, C.M., Pyron, M., and Duff, J., 2011, Role of the fish astyanax aeneus (Characidae) as a keystone nutrient recycler in low-nutrient neotropical streams: Ecology, v. 92, no. 2, p. 386-397, https://doi.org/10.1890/10-0081.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"386","endPage":"397","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246388,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Costa Rica","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ],\n [\n -82.529296875,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 10.919617760254697\n ],\n [\n -84.012451171875,\n 9.589917307087418\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"92","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae70e4b0c8380cd870d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Small, G. E.","contributorId":14675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Small","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pringle, C. M.","contributorId":72902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pringle","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pyron, M.","contributorId":6613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pyron","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duff, J.H.","contributorId":60377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duff","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036106,"text":"70036106 - 2011 - Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-02T19:44:34.24175","indexId":"70036106","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"A significant number of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquake swarms, some of which are accompanied by ground deformation and/or volcanic gas emissions, do not culminate in an eruption. These swarms are often thought to represent stalled intrusions of magma into the mid- or shallow-level crust. Real-time assessment of the likelihood that a VT swarm will culminate in an eruption is one of the key challenges of volcano monitoring, and retrospective analysis of non-eruptive swarms provides an important framework for future assessments. Here we explore models for a non-eruptive VT earthquake swarm located beneath Iliamna Volcano, Alaska, in May 1996–June 1997 through calculation and inversion of fault-plane solutions for swarm and background periods, and through Coulomb stress modeling of faulting types and hypocenter locations observed during the swarm. Through a comparison of models of deep and shallow intrusions to swarm observations, we aim to test the hypothesis that the 1996–97 swarm represented a shallow intrusion, or “failed” eruption. Observations of the 1996–97 swarm are found to be consistent with several scenarios including both shallow and deep intrusion, most likely involving a relatively small volume of intruded magma and/or a low degree of magma pressurization corresponding to a relatively low likelihood of eruption.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Link","doi":"10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7","issn":"02588900","usgsCitation":"Roman, D., and Power, J.A., 2011, Mechanism of the 1996-97 non-eruptive volcano-tectonic earthquake swarm at Iliamna Volcano, Alaska: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 73, no. 2, p. 143-153, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"143","endPage":"153","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":246329,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":218330,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00445-010-0439-7"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Iliamna Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 58.802361927759456\n ],\n [\n -147.67822265625,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 62.32920841458002\n ],\n [\n -154.68749999999997,\n 58.802361927759456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"73","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5367e4b0c8380cd6ca6a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Roman, Diana","contributorId":237832,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roman","given":"Diana","affiliations":[{"id":47620,"text":"Dept. of Terrestrial Magnetism, Carnegie Institution for Science, Washington DC 20015","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":454217,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":454216,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036110,"text":"70036110 - 2011 - Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-24T17:01:49","indexId":"70036110","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1894,"text":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","onlineIssn":"2151-0733","printIssn":"1931-7603","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas)","title":"Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas)","docAbstract":"High variability in abundance, cryptic coloration, and small body size of newly metamorphosed anurans have limited demographic studies of this life-history stage. We used line-transect distance sampling and Bayesian methods to estimate the abundance and spatial distribution of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas) in terrestrial habitat surrounding a montane lake in central Washington, USA. We completed 154 line-transect surveys from the commencement of metamorphosis (15 September 2009) to the date of first snow accumulation in fall (1 October 2009), and located 543 newly metamorphosed toads. After accounting for variable detection probability associated with the extent of barren habitats, estimates of total surface abundance ranged from a posterior median of 3,880 (95% credible intervals from 2,235 to 12,600) in the first week of sampling to 12,150 (5,543 to 51,670) during the second week of sampling. Numbers of newly metamorphosed toads dropped quickly with increasing distance from the lakeshore in a pattern that differed over the three weeks of the study and contradicted our original hypotheses. Though we hypothesized that the spatial distribution of toads would initially be concentrated near the lake shore and then spread outward from the lake over time, we observed the opposite. Ninety-five percent of individuals occurred within 20, 16, and 15 m of shore during weeks one, two, and three respectively, probably reflecting continued emergence of newly metamorphosed toads from the lake and mortality or burrow use of dispersed individuals. Numbers of toads were highest near the inlet stream of the lake. Distance sampling may provide a useful method for estimating the surface abundance of newly metamorphosed toads and relating their space use to landscape variables despite uncertain and variable probability of detection. We discuss means of improving the precision of estimates of total abundance.","language":"English","publisher":"Herpetological Conservation and Biology","issn":"19317603","usgsCitation":"Chelgren, N.D., Samora, B., Adams, M.J., and McCreary, B., 2011, Using spatiotemporal models and distance sampling to map the space use and abundance of newly metamorphosed Western Toads (Anaxyrus boreas): Herpetological Conservation and Biology, v. 6, no. 2, p. 175-190.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"175","endPage":"190","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246427,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263781,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.herpconbio.org/Volume_6/Issue_2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mt. Rainier National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.876709,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.939905 ], [ -121.638906,46.787719 ], [ -121.876709,46.787719 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0a5e4b08c986b32a23f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chelgren, Nathan D.","contributorId":49062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chelgren","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Samora, Barbara","contributorId":95770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samora","given":"Barbara","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, M. J. 0000-0001-8844-042X mjadams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8844-042X","contributorId":3133,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"M.","email":"mjadams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCreary, Brome","contributorId":105005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCreary","given":"Brome","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70036136,"text":"70036136 - 2011 - Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-27T14:37:02.235544","indexId":"70036136","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006","docAbstract":"Fungicides are used to prevent foliar diseases on a wide range of vegetable, field, fruit, and ornamental crops. They are generally more effective as protective rather than curative treatments, and hence tend to be applied before infections take place. Less than 1% of US soybeans were treated with a fungicide in 2002 but by 2006, 4% were treated. Like other pesticides, fungicides can move-off of fields after application and subsequently contaminate surface water, groundwater, and associated sediments. Due to the constant pressure from fungal diseases such as the recent Asian soybean rust outbreak, and the always-present desire to increase crop yields, there is the potential for a significant increase in the amount of fungicides used on US farms. Increased fungicide use could lead to increased environmental concentrations of these compounds. This study documents the occurrence of fungicides in select US streams soon after the first documentation of soybean rust in the US and prior to the corresponding increase in fungicide use to treat this problem. Water samples were collected from 29 streams in 13 states in 2005 and/or 2006, and analyzed for 12 target fungicides. Nine of the 12 fungicides were detected in at least one stream sample and at least one fungicide was detected in 20 of 29 streams. At least one fungicide was detected in 56% of the 103 samples, as many as five fungicides were detected in an individual sample, and mixtures of fungicides were common. Azoxystrobin was detected most frequently (45% of 103 samples) followed by metalaxyl (27%), propiconazole (17%), myclobutanil (9%), and tebuconazole (6%). Fungicide detections ranged from 0.002 to 1.15 μ/L. There was indication of a seasonal pattern to fungicide occurrence, with detections more common and concentrations higher in late summer and early fall than in spring. At a few sites, fungicides were detected in all samples collected suggesting the potential for season-long occurrence in some streams. Fungicide occurrence appears to be related to fungicide use in the associated drainage basins; however, current use information is generally lacking and more detailed occurrence data are needed to accurately quantify such a relation. Maximum concentrations of fungicides were typically one or more orders of magnitude less than current toxicity estimates for freshwater aquatic organisms or humans; however, gaps in current toxicological understandings of the effects of fungicides in the environment limit these interpretations.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2","issn":"00496979","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Sandstrom, M.W., Kuivila, K., Kolpin, D.W., and Meyer, M.T., 2011, Occurrence of azoxystrobin, propiconazole, and selected other fungicides in US streams, 2005-2006: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 218, no. 1-4, p. 307-322, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11270-010-0643-2.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"322","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246331,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"218","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6bd3e4b0c8380cd748ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandstrom, Mark W. 0000-0003-0006-5675 sandstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0006-5675","contributorId":706,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandstrom","given":"Mark","email":"sandstro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":452,"text":"National Water Quality Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kuivila, Kathryn 0000-0001-7940-489X kkuivila@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7940-489X","contributorId":1367,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuivila","given":"Kathryn ","email":"kkuivila@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":454400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036900,"text":"70036900 - 2011 - New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) Falcarius utahensis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-21T17:44:20","indexId":"70036900","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2491,"text":"Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) Falcarius utahensis","docAbstract":"Many disarticulated bones from multiple individuals of a primitive therizinosaurian, referred to Falcarius utahensis, were found in the paucispecific Crystal Geyser bonebed in the Lower Cretaceous Cedar Mountain Formation of eastern Utah. To date, more than 2000 specimens from this species have been excavated. Included in this collection are two partial braincases, one of which is designated the holotype. Here we describe the braincase morphology ofFalcarius utahensis. These specimens help establish the primitive cranial condition for the Therizinosauria and further substantiate intraspecific and contralateral braincase pneumatic variation in theropods. When combined with new observations on the cranial remains of the therizinosaurid Nothronychus mckinleyi derived from computed tomographic (CT) scans, the braincase morphology of Falcarius clarifies several evolutionary trends within the Therizinosauria and establishes a suite of synapomorphies for the Therizinosauridae. Trends within the clade include increased basicranial pneumatization (the development of a basisphenoid bulla and loss of external subcondylar recesses), anterior deflection of the supraoccipital, and the reduction of points of origin of the craniocervical musculature, associated with the loss of discrete basipterygoid processes, probably due to incorporation of these structures into the expanded hyperpneumatic bone. Finally, CT scans reveal a complete, nearly avian, inner ear with bird-like semicircular canals and a long cochlea indicating broad frequency discrimination.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Oklahoma","doi":"10.1080/02724634.2011.549442","issn":"02724634","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., Zanno, L.E., Sanders, R.K., Deblieux, D.D., and Kirkland, J.I., 2011, New information on the braincase of the North American therizinosaurian (Theropoda, Maniraptora) Falcarius utahensis: Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, v. 31, no. 2, p. 387-404, https://doi.org/10.1080/02724634.2011.549442.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"387","endPage":"404","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245834,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 39.07464374293249\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 39.07464374293249\n ],\n [\n -109.16015624999999,\n 38.013476231041935\n ],\n [\n -110.028076171875,\n 38.013476231041935\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a6593e4b0c8380cd72c25","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David","contributorId":56303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":458397,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zanno, Lindsay E.","contributorId":173913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zanno","given":"Lindsay","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":27255,"text":"Field Museum of Natural History, Chicago, IL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sanders, R. Kent","contributorId":64068,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sanders","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Kent","affiliations":[{"id":13252,"text":"University of Utah","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Deblieux, Donald D.","contributorId":173914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Deblieux","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kirkland, James I.","contributorId":173915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kirkland","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":17626,"text":"Utah Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":458398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70036728,"text":"70036728 - 2011 - Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-27T18:52:11.151666","indexId":"70036728","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2498,"text":"Journal of Visualized Experiments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field","docAbstract":"Wild birds have been implicated in the spread of highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) of the H5N1 subtype, prompting surveillance along migratory flyways. Sampling of wild birds for avian influenza virus (AIV) is often conducted in remote regions, but results are often delayed because of the need to transport samples to a laboratory equipped for molecular testing. Real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR) is a molecular technique that offers one of the most accurate and sensitive methods for diagnosis of AIV. The previously strict lab protocols needed for rRT-PCR are now being adapted for the field. Development of freeze-dried (lyophilized) reagents that do not require cold chain, with sensitivity at the level of wet reagents has brought on-site remote testing to a practical goal. Here we present a method for the rapid diagnosis of AIV in wild birds using an rRT-PCR unit (Ruggedized Advanced Pathogen Identification Device or RAPID, Idaho Technologies, Salt Lake City, UT) that employs lyophilized reagents (Influenza A Target 1 Taqman; ASAY-ASY-0109, Idaho Technologies). The reagents contain all of the necessary components for testing at appropriate concentrations in a single tube: primers, probes, enzymes, buffers and internal positive controls, eliminating errors associated with improper storage or handling of wet reagents. The portable unit performs a screen for Influenza A by targeting the matrix gene and yields results in 2-3 hours. Genetic subtyping is also possible with H5 and H7 primer sets that target the hemagglutinin gene. The system is suitable for use on cloacal and oropharyngeal samples collected from wild birds, as demonstrated here on the migratory shorebird species, the western sandpiper (Calidrus mauri) captured in Northern California. Animal handling followed protocols approved by the Animal Care and Use Committee of the U.S. Geological Survey Western Ecological Research Center and permits of the U.S. Geological Survey Bird Banding Laboratory. The primary advantage of this technique is to expedite diagnosis of wild birds, increasing the chances of containing an outbreak in a remote location. On-site diagnosis would also prove useful for identifying and studying infected individuals in wild populations. The opportunity to collect information on host biology (immunological and physiological response to infection) and spatial ecology (migratory performance of infected birds) will provide insights into the extent to which wild birds can act as vectors for AIV over long distances.","language":"English","publisher":"JoVE","doi":"10.3791/2829","issn":"1940087X","usgsCitation":"Takekawa, J.Y., Hill, N., Schultz, A., Iverson, S.A., Cardona, C., Boyce, W., and Dudley, J., 2011, Rapid diagnosis of avian influenza virus in wild birds: Use of a portable rRT-PCR and freeze-dried reagents in the field: Journal of Visualized Experiments, v. 54, e2829, https://doi.org/10.3791/2829.","productDescription":"e2829","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475410,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/3217620","text":"External Repository"},{"id":217479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3791/2829"},{"id":245430,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a94d3e4b0c8380cd8163d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takekawa, John Y. 0000-0003-0217-5907 john_takekawa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0217-5907","contributorId":176168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takekawa","given":"John","email":"john_takekawa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":457546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hill, N.J.","contributorId":55655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schultz, A.K.","contributorId":88983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"A.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Iverson, S. A.","contributorId":22556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cardona, C.J.","contributorId":63654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cardona","given":"C.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boyce, W.M.","contributorId":12266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyce","given":"W.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudley, J.P.","contributorId":22609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"J.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70036152,"text":"70036152 - 2011 - Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T10:27:11","indexId":"70036152","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1653,"text":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss)","docAbstract":"Infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) is a fish rhabdovirus that causes significant mortality in salmonid species. In North America IHNV has three major genogroups designated U, M, and L. Host-specificity of the M and U genogroups of IHNV has been established both in the field and in experimental challenges, with M isolates being more prevalent and more virulent in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss), and U isolates being more prevalent and highly virulent in sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). In this study, efficacy of DNA vaccines containing either M (pM) or U (pU) virus glycoprotein genes was investigated during intra- and cross-genogroup challenges in rainbow trout. In virus challenges at 7 days post-vaccination (early antiviral response), both pM and pU were highly protective against either M or U IHNV. In challenges at 28 days post-vaccination (specific antiviral response), both pM and pU were protective against M IHNV but the homologous pM vaccine was significantly more protective than pU in one of two experiments. At this stage both pM and pU induced comparably high protection against U IHNV challenge. Correlates of protection were also investigated by assessing the expression of the interferon-stimulated gene Mx-1 and the production of neutralizing antibodies (NAbs) following pM or pU DNA vaccination. Mx-1 gene expression, measured at 4 and 7 days post-vaccination as an indicator of the host innate immune response, was found to be significantly higher after pM than pU vaccination in some cases. Neutralizing antibody was produced in response to the two vaccines, but antibody titers did not show consistent correlation with protection. The results show that the rainbow trout innate and adaptive immune responses have some ability to distinguish between the U and M genogroup IHNV, but overall the pM and pU vaccines were protective against both homologous and cross-genogroup challenges.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fish and Shellfish Immunology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003","issn":"10504648","usgsCitation":"Penaranda, M., LaPatra, S., and Kurath, G., 2011, Specificity of DNA vaccines against the U and M genogroups of infectious hematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss): Fish and Shellfish Immunology, v. 31, no. 1, p. 43-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003.","startPage":"43","endPage":"51","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":218570,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.fsi.2011.03.003"},{"id":246593,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"31","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b952ae4b08c986b31ad97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penaranda, M.M.D.","contributorId":17845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Penaranda","given":"M.M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LaPatra, S. E.","contributorId":55371,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"LaPatra","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":454466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":454467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70190329,"text":"70190329 - 2011 - Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T10:47:12","indexId":"70190329","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2315,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay","docAbstract":"This paper describes the importance of wave-current interaction in an inlet-estuary system. The three-dimensional, fully coupled, Coupled Ocean-Atmosphere-Wave-Sediment Transport (COAWST) modeling system was applied in Willapa Bay (Washington State) from 22 to 29 October 1998 that included a large storm event. To represent the interaction between waves and currents, the vortex-force method was used. Model results were compared with water elevations, currents, and wave measurements obtained by the U.S. Army Corp of Engineers. In general, a good agreement between field data and computed results was achieved, although some discrepancies were also observed in regard to wave peak directions in the most upstream station. Several numerical experiments that considered different forcing terms were run in order to identify the effects of each wind, tide, and wave-current interaction process. Comparison of the horizontal momentum balances results identified that wave-breaking-induced acceleration is one of the leading terms in the inlet area. The enhancement of the apparent bed roughness caused by waves also affected the values and distribution of the bottom shear stress. The pressure gradient showed significant changes with respect to the pure tidal case. During storm conditions the momentum balance in the inlet shares the characteristics of tidal-dominated and wave-dominated surf zone environments. The changes in the momentum balance caused by waves were manifested both in water level and current variations. The most relevant effect on hydrodynamics was a wave-induced setup in the inner part of the estuary.","language":"English","publisher":"AGU Publications","doi":"10.1029/2011JC007387","usgsCitation":"Olabarrieta, M., Warner, J., and Kumar, N., 2011, Wave-current interaction in Willapa Bay: Journal of Geophysical Research C: Oceans, v. 116, no. C12, Article C12014; 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2011JC007387.","productDescription":"Article C12014; 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023116","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475411,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1912/4991","text":"External Repository"},{"id":345174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Willapa Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.31658418182218\n ],\n [\n -123.67309570312499,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.77184961467733\n ],\n [\n -124.178466796875,\n 46.31658418182218\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"116","issue":"C12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da31e4b077f005673229","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olabarrieta, Maitane 0000-0002-7619-7992 molabarrieta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7619-7992","contributorId":81631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olabarrieta","given":"Maitane","email":"molabarrieta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":708564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Warner, John C. 0000-0002-3734-8903 jcwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3734-8903","contributorId":2681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"John C.","email":"jcwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kumar, Nirnimesh","contributorId":102308,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kumar","given":"Nirnimesh","affiliations":[{"id":27143,"text":"University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70193259,"text":"70193259 - 2011 - Radiotelemetry to estimate stream life of adult chum salmon in the McNeil River, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-15T14:50:33","indexId":"70193259","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Radiotelemetry to estimate stream life of adult chum salmon in the McNeil River, Alaska","docAbstract":"Estimating salmon escapement is one of the fundamental steps in managing salmon populations. The area-under-the-curve (AUC) method is commonly used to convert periodic aerial survey counts into annual salmon escapement indices. The AUC requires obtaining accurate estimates of stream life (SL) for target species. Traditional methods for estimating SL (e.g., mark–recapture) are not feasible for many populations. Our objective in this study was to determine the average SL of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta in the McNeil River, Alaska, through radiotelemetry. During the 2005 and 2006 runs, 155 chum salmon were fitted with mortality-indicating radio tags as they entered the McNeil River and tracked until they died. A combination of remote data loggers, aerial surveys, and foot surveys were used to determine the location of fish and provide an estimate of time of death. Higher predation resulted in tagged fish below McNeil Falls having a significantly shorter SL (12.6 d) than those above (21.9 d). The streamwide average SL (13.8 d) for chum salmon at the McNeil River was lower than the regionwide value (17.5 d) previously used to generate AUC indices of chum salmon escapement for the McNeil River. We conclude that radiotelemetry is an effective tool for estimating SL in rivers not well suited to other methods.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/02755947.2011.574080","usgsCitation":"Peirce, J., Otis, E.O., Wipfli, M.S., and Follmann, E., 2011, Radiotelemetry to estimate stream life of adult chum salmon in the McNeil River, Alaska: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 31, no. 2, p. 315-322, https://doi.org/10.1080/02755947.2011.574080.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"315","endPage":"322","ipdsId":"IP-013106","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"McNeil River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.2978286743164,\n 59.0957028026867\n ],\n [\n -154.2037582397461,\n 59.0957028026867\n ],\n [\n -154.2037582397461,\n 59.13843678215489\n ],\n [\n -154.2978286743164,\n 59.13843678215489\n ],\n [\n -154.2978286743164,\n 59.0957028026867\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"31","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a6107fce4b06e28e9c25632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peirce, Joshua","contributorId":42510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peirce","given":"Joshua","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Otis, Edward O.","contributorId":19065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Otis","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wipfli, Mark S. 0000-0002-4856-6068 mwipfli@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-6068","contributorId":1425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wipfli","given":"Mark","email":"mwipfli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Follmann, Erich H.","contributorId":75049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Follmann","given":"Erich H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":722267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70188858,"text":"70188858 - 2011 - Stratigraphy and chronology of offshore to nearshore deposits associated with the Provo shoreline, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-27T10:16:13","indexId":"70188858","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2996,"text":"Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology","printIssn":"0031-0182","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and chronology of offshore to nearshore deposits associated with the Provo shoreline, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah","docAbstract":"Stratigraphic descriptions and radiocarbon data from eleven field locations are presented in this paper to establish a chronostratigraphic framework for offshore to nearshore deposits of Lake Bonneville. Based on key marker beds and geomorphic position, the deposits are interpreted to have accumulated during the period from the late transgressive phase, through the overflowing phase, into the regressive phase of the lake. Radiocarbon ages of sediments associated with the Provo shoreline indicate that Lake Bonneville dropped rapidly from the Provo shoreline at about 12,600 14C yr BP (15,000 cal yr B.P.). The presence of one or more sand beds in the upper part of the Provo-aged marl indicates rapid lowering of lake level or storm events at the end of the Provo episode. An accurate understanding of the timing and nature of Lake Bonneville's climate-driven regression from the Provo shoreline is critical to correlations with records of regional and hemispheric climate change. The rapid descent of the lake from the Provo shoreline correlates with the decline of Lakes Lahontan and Estancia, and with the onset of the BØlling–AllerØd warming event.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.005","usgsCitation":"Godsey, H.S., Oviatt, C., Miller, D.M., and Chan, M.A., 2011, Stratigraphy and chronology of offshore to nearshore deposits associated with the Provo shoreline, Pleistocene Lake Bonneville, Utah: Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, v. 310, no. 3-4, p. 442-450, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.palaeo.2011.08.005.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"442","endPage":"450","ipdsId":"IP-033313","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":342951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Pleistocene Lake Bonneville","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -111.5,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 42.22851735620852\n ],\n [\n -114.0380859375,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"310","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59536edee4b062508e3c7b05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Godsey, Holly S.","contributorId":193520,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Godsey","given":"Holly","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oviatt, Charles G.","contributorId":13503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oviatt","given":"Charles G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, David M. 0000-0003-3711-0441 dmiller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":140766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"David","email":"dmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":700885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chan, Marjorie A.","contributorId":66230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chan","given":"Marjorie","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":700886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70190325,"text":"70190325 - 2011 - Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-27T11:25:37","indexId":"70190325","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations","docAbstract":"Seamounts are unique deep-sea features that create habitats thought to have high levels of endemic fauna, productive fisheries and benthic communities vulnerable to anthropogenic impacts. Many seamounts are isolated features, occurring in the high seas, where access is limited and thus biological data scarce. There are numerous seamounts within the Drake Passage (Southern Ocean), yet high winds, frequent storms and strong currents make seafloor sampling particularly difficult. As a result, few attempts to collect biological data have been made, leading to a paucity of information on benthic habitats or fauna in this area, particularly those on primarily hard-bottom seamounts and ridges. During a research cruise in 2008 six locations were examined (two on the Antarctic margin, one on the Shackleton Fracture Zone, and three on seamounts within the Drake Passage), using a towed camera with onboard instruments to measure conductivity, temperature, depth and turbidity. Dominant fauna and bottom type were categorized from 200 randomized photos from each location. Cold-water corals were present in high numbers in habitats both on the Antarctic margin and on the current swept seamounts of the Drake Passage, though the diversity of orders varied. Though the Scleractinia (hard corals) were abundant on the sedimented margin, they were poorly represented in the primarily hard-bottom areas of the central Drake Passage. The two seamount sites and the Shackleton Fracture Zone showed high numbers of stylasterid (lace) and alcyonacean (soft) corals, as well as large numbers of sponges. Though data are preliminary, the geological and environmental variability (particularly in temperature) between sample sites may be influencing cold-water coral biogeography in this region. Each area observed also showed little similarity in faunal diversity with other sites examined for this study within all phyla counted. This manuscript highlights how little is understood of these isolated features, particularly in Polar regions.","language":"English","publisher":"PLoS ONE","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0016153","usgsCitation":"Waller, R.G., Catanach, K.S., and Robinson, L.F., 2011, Cold-water coral distributions in the Drake Passage area from towed camera observations - Initial interpretations: PLoS ONE, v. 6, no. 1, Article e16153; 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016153.","productDescription":"Article e16153; 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-023955","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475408,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0016153","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":345177,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Drake Passage","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.419921875,\n -56.88626540914476\n ],\n [\n -55.966796875,\n -56.88626540914476\n ],\n [\n -55.966796875,\n -63.69670647530323\n ],\n [\n -70.419921875,\n -63.69670647530323\n ],\n [\n -70.419921875,\n -56.88626540914476\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59a3da32e4b077f00567322b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Rhian G.","contributorId":195852,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waller","given":"Rhian","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":16143,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Catanach, Kathryn Scanlon kscanlon@usgs.gov","contributorId":3085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Catanach","given":"Kathryn","email":"kscanlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scanlon","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robinson, Laura F.","contributorId":195851,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robinson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13294,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":708569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70035700,"text":"70035700 - 2011 - Watershed morphology of highland and mountain ecoregions in eastern Oklahoma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-20T21:33:57.659927","indexId":"70035700","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3191,"text":"Professional Geographer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Watershed morphology of highland and mountain ecoregions in eastern Oklahoma","docAbstract":"The fluvial system represents a nested hierarchy that reflects the relationship among different spatial and temporal scales. Within the hierarchy, larger scale variables influence the characteristics of the next lower nested scale. Ecoregions represent one of the largest scales in the fluvial hierarchy and are defined by recurring patterns of geology, climate, land use, soils, and potential natural vegetation. Watersheds, the next largest scale, are often nested into a single ecoregion and therefore have properties that are indicative of a given ecoregion. Differences in watershed morphology (relief, drainage density, circularity ratio, relief ratio, and ruggedness number) were evaluated among three ecoregions in eastern Oklahoma: Ozark Highlands, Boston Mountains, and Ouachita Mountains. These ecoregions were selected because of their high-quality stream resources and diverse aquatic communities and are of special management interest to the Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation. One hundred thirty-four watersheds in first- through fourth-order streams were compared. Using a nonparametric, two-factor analysis of variance (α= 0.05) we concluded that the relief, drainage density, relief ratio, and ruggedness number all changed among ecoregion and stream order, whereas circularity ratio only changed with stream order. Our study shows that ecoregions can be used as a broad-scale framework for watershed management.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1080/00330124.2010.533575","usgsCitation":"Splinter, D.K., Dauwalter, D., Marston, R.A., and Fisher, W., 2011, Watershed morphology of highland and mountain ecoregions in eastern Oklahoma: Professional Geographer, v. 63, no. 1, p. 131-143, https://doi.org/10.1080/00330124.2010.533575.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"131","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Eastern Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.721273880045004\n ],\n [\n -94.76806640624999,\n 36.96744946416934\n ],\n [\n -95.29541015625,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -95.5810546875,\n 36.38591277287651\n ],\n [\n -94.89990234375,\n 36.10237644873644\n ],\n [\n -94.74609375,\n 34.92197103616377\n ],\n [\n -95.3173828125,\n 34.831841149828655\n ],\n [\n -96.1083984375,\n 34.687427949314845\n ],\n [\n -96.064453125,\n 34.361576287484176\n ],\n [\n -95.712890625,\n 34.23451236236987\n ],\n [\n -94.52636718749999,\n 34.125447565116126\n ],\n [\n -94.54833984375,\n 35.7286770448517\n ],\n [\n -94.6142578125,\n 36.721273880045004\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"63","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bcf78e4b08c986b32e8f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Splinter, D. K.","contributorId":9083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Splinter","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dauwalter, Daniel C.","contributorId":224829,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dauwalter","given":"Daniel C.","affiliations":[{"id":37131,"text":"Trout Unlimited","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":451973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marston, R. A.","contributorId":52422,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Marston","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":451971,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fisher, William wfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":206607,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"William","email":"wfisher@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":451972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70033965,"text":"70033965 - 2011 - Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-09T21:59:34","indexId":"70033965","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2381,"text":"Journal of Marine Systems","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils","docAbstract":"Over the past two decades China has become the largest global consumer of fertilizers, which has enhanced river nutrient fluxes and caused eutrophication and hypoxia in the Yangtze (Changjiang) large river delta-front estuary (LDE). In this study, we utilized plant pigments, lignin-phenols, stable isotopes (δ13C and δ15N) and foraminiferal microfossils in 210Pb dated cores to examine the history of hypoxia in the Changjiang LDE. Two sediment cores were collected onboard R/V Dong Fang Hong 2 using a stainless-steel box-corer; one at a water depth of 24.7 m on Jun. 15, 2006 and the other at 52 m on Nov. 20, 2007, both in the hypoxic region off the Changjiang LDE. There has been a significant increase in the abundance of plant pigments after 1979 that are indicators of enhanced diatom and cyanobacterial abundance, which agrees with post-1980 record of increasing nutrient loads in the Changjiang River. The increased inputs of terrestrially derived materials to the LDE are largely woody plant sources and most likely due to deforestation that began in the early 1950s. However, post-1960 lignin data did not reflect enhanced loading of woody materials despite continued deforestation possibly due to increased trapping from greater dam construction, a reduction of deforestation in the drainage basin since the last 1990s, and soil conservation practices. The lack of linkages between bulk indices (stable isotopes, % OC, molar C/N ratios) and microfossil/chemical biomarkers may reflect relative differences in the amount of carbon tracked by these different proxies. Although NO3− is likely responsible for most of the changes in phytoplankton production (post 1970s), historical changes in N loading from the watershed and hypoxia on the LDE shelf may not be as well linked in East China Sea (ECS) sediments due to possible denitrification/ammonification processes; finally, increases in low-oxygen tolerant foraminiferal microfossils indicate there has been an increase in the number of hypoxic bottom water events on the Changjiang LDE over the past 60 years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Marine Systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003","issn":"09247963","usgsCitation":"Li, X., Bianchi, T., Yang, Z., Osterman, L., Allison, M.A., DiMarco, S.F., and Yang, G., 2011, Historical trends of hypoxia in Changjiang River estuary: Applications of chemical biomarkers and microfossils: Journal of Marine Systems, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 57-68, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"57","endPage":"68","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244664,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216775,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jmarsys.2011.02.003"}],"country":"China","otherGeospatial":"Changjiang River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 73.5,18.2 ], [ 73.5,53.6 ], [ 134.8,53.6 ], [ 134.8,18.2 ], [ 73.5,18.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a31aae4b0c8380cd5e10e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Li, X.","contributorId":67635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Li","given":"X.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bianchi, T.S.","contributorId":90500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bianchi","given":"T.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yang, Z.","contributorId":97709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterman, L.E.","contributorId":53836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Osterman","given":"L.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Allison, M. A.","contributorId":49834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allison","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"DiMarco, Steven F.","contributorId":15435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DiMarco","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Yang, G.","contributorId":23348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yang","given":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70033966,"text":"70033966 - 2011 - Classification of Thermal Patterns at Karst Springs and Cave Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:48","indexId":"70033966","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Classification of Thermal Patterns at Karst Springs and Cave Streams","docAbstract":"Thermal patterns of karst springs and cave streams provide potentially useful information concerning aquifer geometry and recharge. Temperature monitoring at 25 springs and cave streams in southeastern Minnesota has shown four distinct thermal patterns. These patterns can be divided into two types: those produced by flow paths with ineffective heat exchange, such as conduits, and those produced by flow paths with effective heat exchange, such as small fractures and pore space. Thermally ineffective patterns result when water flows through the aquifer before it can equilibrate to the rock temperature. Thermally ineffective patterns can be either event-scale, as produced by rainfall or snowmelt events, or seasonal scale, as produced by input from a perennial surface stream. Thermally effective patterns result when water equilibrates to rock temperature, and the patterns displayed depend on whether the aquifer temperature is changing over time. Shallow aquifers with seasonally varying temperatures display a phase-shifted seasonal signal, whereas deeper aquifers with constant temperatures display a stable temperature pattern. An individual aquifer may display more than one of these patterns. Since karst aquifers typically contain both thermally effective and ineffective routes, we argue that the thermal response is strongly influenced by recharge mode. ?? 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation ?? 2010 National Ground Water Association.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00737.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Luhmann, A., Covington, M., Peters, A.J., Alexander, S., Anger, C., Green, J., Runkel, A.C., and Alexander, E., 2011, Classification of Thermal Patterns at Karst Springs and Cave Streams: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 3, p. 324-335, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00737.x.","startPage":"324","endPage":"335","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216806,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00737.x"},{"id":244698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f618e4b0c8380cd4c5ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luhmann, A.J.","contributorId":93731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luhmann","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Covington, M.D.","contributorId":19006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Covington","given":"M.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peters, Albert J.","contributorId":92517,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peters","given":"Albert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Alexander, S.C.","contributorId":9853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"S.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Anger, C.T.","contributorId":101917,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anger","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Green, J.A.","contributorId":75753,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Green","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Runkel, Anthony C.","contributorId":63186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Anthony","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443438,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Alexander, E.C.","contributorId":70377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alexander","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70034070,"text":"70034070 - 2011 - Viruses and bacteria in karst and fractured rock aquifers in east Tennessee, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-04T11:00:49","indexId":"70034070","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Viruses and bacteria in karst and fractured rock aquifers in east Tennessee, USA","docAbstract":"A survey of enteric viruses and indicator bacteria was carried out in eight community water supply sources (four wells and four springs) in East Tennessee. Seven sites derived their water from carbonate aquifers and one from fractured sandstone. Four of the sites were deemed \"low-risk\" based on prior monitoring of fecal indicators and factors such as presence of thick layers of overlying sediments. The remaining sites were deemed \"high-risk.\" Enteric viruses (enterovirus and reovirus) were detected by cell culture at least once in seven of the eight wells or springs including all but one of the four low-risk sites. Viral RNA, however, was not detected in any of the samples by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Conventional indicators of microbial contamination (Escherichia coli and total coliform bacteria) were detected together with culturable viruses in seven of nine virus positive samples. Bacteroides, an alternative fecal indicator which has not previously been used in groundwater investigations, was also detected in all but one of the samples containing E. coli or total coliform bacteria, as well as in one sample where viruses were present in the absence of other bacterial indicators. The study highlights some of the challenges involved in surveys of virus occurrence and indicates that culturable enteric viruses in East Tennessee karst aquifers may be more widespread than previously observed in studies of karst aquifers in Pennsylvania (8%), the Ozark region of Missouri (< 1%), or several other states covered in a national microbial water quality survey conducted by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (43%). Copyright ?? 2010 The Author(s). Journal compilation ?? 2010 National Ground Water Association.
","largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00698.x","issn":"0017467X","usgsCitation":"Johnson, T., McKay, L., Layton, A., Jones, S., Johnson, G., Cashdollar, J., Dahling, D., Villegas, L., Fout, G., Williams, D., and Sayler, G., 2011, Viruses and bacteria in karst and fractured rock aquifers in east Tennessee, USA: Ground Water, v. 49, no. 1, p. 98-110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00698.x.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"98","endPage":"110","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012916","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216901,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00698.x"}],"volume":"49","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-22","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc27fe4b08c986b32ab98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Johnson, T.B.","contributorId":21490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKay, L.D.","contributorId":10185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKay","given":"L.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Layton, A.C.","contributorId":18205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layton","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, S.W.","contributorId":102299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"S.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, G.C.","contributorId":14450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"G.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cashdollar, J.L.","contributorId":54043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashdollar","given":"J.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dahling, D.R.","contributorId":43163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dahling","given":"D.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Villegas, L.F.","contributorId":34747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Villegas","given":"L.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fout, G.S.","contributorId":88146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fout","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Williams, D.E.","contributorId":67179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Sayler, G.","contributorId":72231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayler","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}} ,{"id":70034083,"text":"70034083 - 2011 - Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-30T12:38:09","indexId":"70034083","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States","docAbstract":"At the heart of the conundrum of seismogenesis in the New Madrid Seismic Zone is the apparently substantial discrepancy between low strain rate and high recent seismic moment release. In this study we revisit the magnitudes of the four principal 1811–1812 earthquakes using intensity values determined from individual assessments from four experts. Using these values and the grid search method of Bakun and Wentworth (1997), we estimate magnitudes around 7.0 for all four events, values that are significantly lower than previously published magnitude estimates based on macroseismic intensities. We further show that the strain rate predicted from postglacial rebound is sufficient to produce a sequence with the moment release of one Mmax6.8 every 500 years, a rate that is much lower than previous estimates of late Holocene moment release. However, Mw6.8 is at the low end of the uncertainty range inferred from analysis of intensities for the largest 1811–1812 event. We show that Mw6.8 is also a reasonable value for the largest main shock given a plausible rupture scenario. One can also construct a range of consistent models that permit a somewhat higher Mmax, with a longer average recurrence rate. It is thus possible to reconcile predicted strain and seismic moment release rates with alternative models: one in which 1811–1812 sequences occur every 500 years, with the largest events being Mmax∼6.8, or one in which sequences occur, on average, less frequently, with Mmax of ∼7.0. Both models predict that the late Holocene rate of activity will continue for the next few to 10 thousand years.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007783","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Hough, S., and Page, M., 2011, Toward a consistent model for strain accrual and release for the New Madrid Seismic Zone, central United States: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 116, no. 3, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007783.","costCenters":[{"id":151,"text":"California Field Office","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475250,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007783","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":216602,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007783"},{"id":244482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","volume":"116","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb5b0e4b08c986b32681f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hough, S. E. 0000-0002-5980-2986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5980-2986","contributorId":7316,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hough","given":"S. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Page, M.","contributorId":67649,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Page","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":443994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034111,"text":"70034111 - 2011 - Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-14T10:10:14","indexId":"70034111","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams","docAbstract":"Understanding the potential effects of increased reliance on wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents to meet municipal, agricultural, and environmental flow requires an understanding of the complex chemical loading characteristics of the WWTPs and the assimilative capacity of receiving waters. Stream ecosystem effects are linked to proportions of WWTP effluent under low-flow conditions as well as the nature of the effluent chemical mixtures. This study quantifies the loading of 58 inorganic constituents (nutrients to rare earth elements) from WWTP discharges relative to upstream landscape-based sources. Stream assimilation capacity was evaluated by Lagrangian sampling, using flow velocities determined from tracer experiments to track the same parcel of water as it moved downstream. Boulder Creek, Colorado and Fourmile Creek, Iowa, representing two different geologic and hydrologic landscapes, were sampled under low-flow conditions in the summer and spring. One-half of the constituents had greater loads from the WWTP effluents than the upstream drainages, and once introduced into the streams, dilution was the predominant assimilation mechanism. Only ammonium and bismuth had significant decreases in mass load downstream from the WWTPs during all samplings. The link between hydrology and water chemistry inherent in Lagrangian sampling allows quantitative assessment of chemical fate across different landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es104138y","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Barber, L.B., Antweiler, R.C., Flynn, J., Keefe, S., Kolpin, D., Roth, D., Schnoebelen, D., Taylor, H.E., and Verplanck, P., 2011, Lagrangian mass-flow investigations of inorganic contaminants in wastewater-impacted streams: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 45, no. 7, p. 2575-2583, https://doi.org/10.1021/es104138y.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"2575","endPage":"2583","numberOfPages":"9","ipdsId":"IP-014941","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":244421,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a4134e4b0c8380cd653a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barber, L. B.","contributorId":64602,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Antweiler, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5652-6034 antweil@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5652-6034","contributorId":1481,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Antweiler","given":"Ronald","email":"antweil@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Flynn, J.L.","contributorId":39889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flynn","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keefe, S.H.","contributorId":18965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefe","given":"S.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kolpin, D.W.","contributorId":87565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roth, D.A.","contributorId":100864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roth","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schnoebelen, D.J.","contributorId":98352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Taylor, Howard E. hetaylor@usgs.gov","contributorId":1551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Howard","email":"hetaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":444144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Verplanck, P. L. 0000-0002-3653-6419","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3653-6419","contributorId":106565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Verplanck","given":"P. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70034165,"text":"70034165 - 2011 - Economic impacts of the ShakeOut scenario","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-05-07T22:19:37","indexId":"70034165","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1436,"text":"Earthquake Spectra","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Economic impacts of the ShakeOut scenario","docAbstract":"For the ShakeOut Earthquake Scenario, we estimate $68 billion in direct and indirect business interruption (BI) and $11 billion in related costs in addition to the $113 billion in property damage in an eight-county Southern California region. The modeled conduits of shock to the economy are property damage and lifeline service outages that affect the economy’s ability to produce. Property damage from fire is 50% greater than property damage from shaking because fire is more devastating. BI from water service disruption and fire each represent around one-third of total BI losses because of the long duration of service outage or long restoration and reconstruction periods. Total BI losses are 4.3% of annual gross output in the affected region, an impact far larger than most conventional economic recessions. These losses are still much lower than they potentially could be due to the resilience of the economy.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Earthquake Spectra","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"EERI","doi":"10.1193/1.3587204","issn":"87552930","usgsCitation":"Rose, A., Wei, D., and Wein, A., 2011, Economic impacts of the ShakeOut scenario: Earthquake Spectra, v. 27, no. 2, p. 539-557, https://doi.org/10.1193/1.3587204.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"557","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":216875,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1193/1.3587204"},{"id":244773,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a058be4b0c8380cd50e34","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rose, A.","contributorId":6689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rose","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wei, D.","contributorId":99801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wei","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444393,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wein, A.","contributorId":53177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wein","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034212,"text":"70034212 - 2011 - Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: Support for the novel weapons hypothesis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034212","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1461,"text":"Ecological Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: Support for the novel weapons hypothesis","docAbstract":"One prediction of the novel weapons hypothesis (NWH) for the dominance of exotic invasive plant species is that the allelopathic effects of successful invaders will, in general, be more biochemically inhibitory to native species and microbes in invaded regions than the native plants themselves. However, no study has compared biochemical concentrations, compositions, or effects of large numbers of native species to those of large numbers of invasive species. In this context we tested the allelopathic and antimicrobial potentials of nine native plant species and nine invasive species in East Asia by comparing their broad phenolic contents and the effects of extracts made from each of the species on target plants and soil fungi. Three of the invasive species, including Eupatorium rugosum, had higher concentrations of total phenolic compounds than any of the native species, and the mean concentration of total phenolics for invasive species was 2.6 times greater than the mean for native species. Only scopoletin was novel to the invasive species, being found in all of nine invasive species, but not in the native species. More importantly, the effects of the total suites of phenolic compounds produced by invasive species differed from the effects of phenolics produced by natives. Extracts of invasive species reduced radicle growth of the three test plant species by 60-80%, but extracts of native species reduced radicle growth by only 30-50%. Extracts of invasive species reduced shoot growth of the three test species by 20-40%, but the overall effect of native species' extract was to stimulate shoot growth. The antimicrobial activity of invasive species was also significantly higher than that of native species. It should be noted that phenolics are just one component of a plant's potential allelopathic arsenal and non-phenolic compounds are likely to play a role in the total extract effect. For example, extracts of P. americana contained the lowest levels of phenolic compounds, but exhibited the strongest inhibition effect. We could not determine whether the greater inhibitory effects of the extracts from invasive species were due to novel combinations of chemicals or higher concentrations of chemicals, but our results are consistent with the predictions of the NWH. ?? 2010 The Ecological Society of Japan.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1007/s11284-010-0762-7","issn":"09123814","usgsCitation":"Kim, Y., and Lee, E., 2011, Comparison of phenolic compounds and the effects of invasive and native species in East Asia: Support for the novel weapons hypothesis: Ecological Research, v. 26, no. 1, p. 87-94, https://doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0762-7.","startPage":"87","endPage":"94","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216580,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11284-010-0762-7"}],"volume":"26","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f881e4b0c8380cd4d14c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kim, Y.-O.","contributorId":47593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kim","given":"Y.-O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lee, E.J.","contributorId":56460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"E.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034214,"text":"70034214 - 2011 - Trench infiltration for managed aquifer recharge to permeable bedrock","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034214","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trench infiltration for managed aquifer recharge to permeable bedrock","docAbstract":"Managed aquifer recharge to permeable bedrock is increasingly being utilized to enhance resources and maintain sustainable groundwater development practices. One such target is the Navajo Sandstone, an extensive regional aquifer located throughout the Colorado Plateau of the western United States. Spreading-basin and bank-filtration projects along the sandstone outcrop's western edge in southwestern Utah have recently been implemented to meet growth-related water demands. This paper reports on a new cost-effective surface-infiltration technique utilizing trenches for enhancing managed aquifer recharge to permeable bedrock. A 48-day infiltration trench experiment on outcropping Navajo Sandstone was conducted to evaluate this alternative surface-spreading artificial recharge method. Final infiltration rates through the bottom of the trench were about 0.5 m/day. These infiltration rates were an order of magnitude higher than rates from a previous surface-spreading experiment at the same site. The higher rates were likely caused by a combination of factors including the removal of lower permeability soil and surficial caliche deposits, access to open vertical sandstone fractures, a reduction in physical clogging associated with silt and biofilm layers, minimizing viscosity effects by maintaining isothermal conditions, minimizing chemical clogging caused by carbonate mineral precipitation associated with algal photosynthesis, and diminished gas clogging associated with trapped air and biogenic gases. This pilot study illustrates the viability of trench infiltration for enhancing surface spreading of managed aquifer recharge to permeable bedrock. ?? 2010.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Hydrological Processes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7833","issn":"08856087","usgsCitation":"Heilweil, V., and Watt, D., 2011, Trench infiltration for managed aquifer recharge to permeable bedrock: Hydrological Processes, v. 25, no. 1, p. 141-151, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7833.","startPage":"141","endPage":"151","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216608,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7833"},{"id":244489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb7c0e4b08c986b327468","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heilweil, V.M.","contributorId":25197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heilweil","given":"V.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watt, D.E.","contributorId":15407,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"D.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70034251,"text":"70034251 - 2011 - Factors driving spatial and temporal variation in production and production/biomass ratio of stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Cantabrian streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:46","indexId":"70034251","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Factors driving spatial and temporal variation in production and production/biomass ratio of stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Cantabrian streams","docAbstract":"1.The objective was to identify the factors driving spatial and temporal variation in annual production (PA) and turnover (production/biomass) ratio (P/BA) of resident brown trout Salmo trutta in tributaries of the Rio Esva (Cantabrian Mountains, Asturias, north-western Spain). We examined annual production (total production of all age-classes over a year) (PA) and turnover (P/BA) ratios, in relation to year-class production (production over the entire life time of a year-class) (PT) and turnover (P/BT) ratio, over 14years at a total of 12 sites along the length of four contrasting tributaries. In addition, we explored whether the importance of recruitment and site depth for spatial and temporal variations in year-class production (PT), elucidated in previous studies, extends to annual production. 2.Large spatial (among sites) and temporal (among years) variation in annual production (range 1.9-40.3gm-2 per year) and P/BA ratio (range 0.76-2.4per year) typified these populations, values reported here including all the variation reported globally for salmonids streams inhabited by one or several species. 3.Despite substantial differences among streams and sites in all production attributes, when all data were pooled, annual (PA) and year-class production (PT) and annual (P/BA) and year-class P/BT ratios were tightly linked. Annual (PA) and year-class production (PT) were similar but not identical, i.e. PT=0.94 PA, whereas the P/BT ratios were 4+P/BA ratios. 4.Recruitment (Rc) and mean annual density (NA) were major density-dependent drivers of production and their relationships were described by simple mathematical models. While year-class production (PT) was determined (R2=70.1%) by recruitment (Rc), annual production (PA) was determined (R2=60.3%) by mean annual density (NA). In turn, variation in recruitment explained R2=55.2% of variation in year-class P/BT ratios, the latter attaining an asymptote at P/BT=6 at progressively higher levels of recruitment. Similarly, variations in mean annual density (NA) explained R2=52.1% of variation in annual P/BA, the latter reaching an asymptote at P/BA=2.1. This explained why P/BT is equal to P/BA plus the number of year-classes at high but not at low densities. 5.Site depth was a major determinant of spatial (among sites) variation in production attributes. All these attributes described two-phase trajectories with site depth, reaching a maximum at sites of intermediate depth and declining at shallower and deeper sites. As a consequence, at sites where recruitment and mean annual density reached minimum or maximum values, annual (PA) and year-class production (PT) and annual (P/BA) and year-class P/BT ratios also reached minimum and maximum values. ?? 2011 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Freshwater Biology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02654.x","issn":"00465070","usgsCitation":"Lobon-Cervia, J., Gonzalez, G., and Budy, P., 2011, Factors driving spatial and temporal variation in production and production/biomass ratio of stream-resident brown trout (Salmo trutta) in Cantabrian streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 56, no. 11, p. 2272-2287, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02654.x.","startPage":"2272","endPage":"2287","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":216667,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2011.02654.x"},{"id":244552,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0ec1e4b0c8380cd535ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lobon-Cervia, J.","contributorId":18185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lobon-Cervia","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gonzalez, G.","contributorId":47174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzalez","given":"G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Budy, P.","contributorId":68091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Budy","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":444907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70034268,"text":"70034268 - 2011 - Challenges of using electrical resistivity method to locate karst conduits-A field case in the Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:21:45","indexId":"70034268","displayToPublicDate":"2011-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2165,"text":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Challenges of using electrical resistivity method to locate karst conduits-A field case in the Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky","docAbstract":"Conduits serve as major pathways for groundwater flow in karst aquifers. Locating them from the surface, however, is one of the most challenging tasks in karst research. Geophysical methods are often deployed to help locate voids by mapping variations of physical properties of the subsurface. Conduits can cause significant contrasts of some physical properties that can be detected; other subsurface features such as water-bearing fractures often yield similar contrasts, which are difficult to distinguish from the effects of the conduits. This study used electrical resistivity method to search for an unmapped karst conduit that recharges Royal Spring in the Inner Bluegrass karst region, Kentucky, USA. Three types of resistivity techniques (surface 2D survey, quasi-3D survey, and time-lapse survey) were used to map and characterize resistivity anomalies. Some of the major anomalies were selected as drilling targets to verify the existence of the conduits. Drilling near an anomaly identified by an electrical resistivity profile resulted in successful penetration of a major water-filled conduit. The drilling results also suggest that, in this study area, low resistivity anomalies in general are associated with water-bearing features. However, differences in the anomaly signals between the water-filled conduit and other water-bearing features such as water-filled fracture zones were undistinguishable. The electrical resistivity method is useful in conduit detection by providing potential drilling targets. Knowledge of geology and hydrogeology about the site and professional judgment also played important roles in locating the major conduit. ?? 2011 Elsevier B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Applied Geophysics","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.08.009","issn":"09269851","usgsCitation":"Zhu, J., Currens, J., and Dinger, J., 2011, Challenges of using electrical resistivity method to locate karst conduits-A field case in the Inner Bluegrass Region, Kentucky: Journal of Applied Geophysics, v. 75, no. 3, p. 523-530, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.08.009.","startPage":"523","endPage":"530","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":244813,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":216912,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jappgeo.2011.08.009"}],"volume":"75","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f3fce4b0c8380cd4ba82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, J.","contributorId":6289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Currens, J.C.","contributorId":72036,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Currens","given":"J.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dinger, J.S.","contributorId":64416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":445002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}