Transient electromagnetic soundings were used to obtain information needed to refine hydrologic models of the San Luis Valley, Colorado. The soundings were able to map an aquitard called the blue clay that separates an unconfined surface aquifer from a deeper confined aquifer. The blue clay forms a conductor with an average resistivity of 6.9 ohm‐m. Above the conductor are found a mixture of gray clay and sand. The gray clay has an average resistivity of 21 ohm‐m, while the sand has a resistivity of greater than 100 ohm‐m. The large difference in resistivity of these units makes mapping them with a surface geophysical method relatively easy. The blue clay was deposited at the bottom of Lake Alamosa which filled most of the San Luis Valley during the Pleistocene. The geometry of the blue clay is influenced by a graben on the eastern side of the valley. The depth to the blue clay is greater over the graben. Along the eastern edge of valley the blue clay appears to be truncated by faults.
The potable water system at Fort Knox is threatened by brine contamination from improperly abandoned natural gas exploration wells. The Fort Knox well field is located near the town of West Point, Kentucky, in the flood plain of the Ohio River. At the site, unconsolidated sediments approximately 30 – 40 m thick, overlie shale and porous limestone. Brine is believed to flow vertically from the underlying formations to the unconsolidated aquifer through damaged or leaky well casings under a high hydraulic gradient from the artificially pressurized porous limestone, which is utilized for natural gas storage by a regional energy company. Upon reaching the unconsolidated aquifer, brinecontaminated groundwater enters water supply production wells under the pumping‐induced gradient. As part of the Fort Knox remediation strategy to reduce the impact of brine contamination, electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and borehole electromagnetic (EM) logs are being collected annually to detect gross changes in subsurface conductivity. The 2009 ERT data show areas of high conductivity on the western (contaminated) side of the site with conductivities more than an order of magnitude higher than on the eastern (uncontaminated) side of the site. The areas of high conductivity are interpreted as brine contamination, consistent with known regions of brine contamination. Conductivities from the EM logs are consistent with the results from the ERT inversions. The EM logs show little change between 2008 and 2009, except for some small changes in the brine distribution in well PZ1. Yearly ERT surveys will be continued to detect new areas of brine contamination and monitor the remediation effort.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.4133/1.3445533","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., Unthank, M.D., Zettwoch, D.D., and Lane, J.W., 2010, Brine delineation and monitoring with electrical resistivity tomography and electromagnetic borehole logging at the Fort Knox well field near West Point, Kentucky, in Symposium on the Application of Geophysics to Engineering and Environmental Problems 2010, p. 913-922, https://doi.org/10.4133/1.3445533.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"913","endPage":"922","ipdsId":"IP-019006","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350809,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","city":"West Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.02844238281249,\n 37.92984646868451\n ],\n [\n -85.91892242431639,\n 37.92984646868451\n ],\n [\n -85.91892242431639,\n 38.0096892410326\n ],\n [\n -86.02844238281249,\n 38.0096892410326\n ],\n [\n -86.02844238281249,\n 37.92984646868451\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a719271e4b0a9a2e9dbde28","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Rory rhenders@usgs.gov","contributorId":2083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rory","email":"rhenders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Unthank, Michael D. 0000-0003-2483-0431 munthank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2483-0431","contributorId":3902,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Unthank","given":"Michael","email":"munthank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zettwoch, Douglas D.","contributorId":56709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zettwoch","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":720152,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. 0000-0002-3558-243X jwlane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3558-243X","contributorId":189168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70193766,"text":"70193766 - 2010 - Marine electrical resistivity imaging of submarine groundwater discharge: Sensitivity analysis and application in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-21T12:49:34","indexId":"70193766","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1923,"text":"Hydrogeology Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Marine electrical resistivity imaging of submarine groundwater discharge: Sensitivity analysis and application in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, USA","docAbstract":"Electrical resistivity imaging has been used in coastal settings to characterize fresh submarine groundwater discharge and the position of the freshwater/salt-water interface because of the relation of bulk electrical conductivity to pore-fluid conductivity, which in turn is a function of salinity. Interpretation of tomograms for hydrologic processes is complicated by inversion artifacts, uncertainty associated with survey geometry limitations, measurement errors, and choice of regularization method. Variation of seawater over tidal cycles poses unique challenges for inversion. The capabilities and limitations of resistivity imaging are presented for characterizing the distribution of freshwater and saltwater beneath a beach. The experimental results provide new insight into fresh submarine groundwater discharge at Waquoit Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve, East Falmouth, Massachusetts (USA). Tomograms from the experimental data indicate that fresh submarine groundwater discharge may shut down at high tide, whereas temperature data indicate that the discharge continues throughout the tidal cycle. Sensitivity analysis and synthetic modeling provide insight into resolving power in the presence of a time-varying saline water layer. In general, vertical electrodes and cross-hole measurements improve the inversion results regardless of the tidal level, whereas the resolution of surface arrays is more sensitive to time-varying saline water layer.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10040-009-0498-z","usgsCitation":"Henderson, R., Day-Lewis, F.D., Abarca, E., Harvey, C.F., Karam, H.N., Liu, L., and Lane, J.W., 2010, Marine electrical resistivity imaging of submarine groundwater discharge: Sensitivity analysis and application in Waquoit Bay, Massachusetts, USA: Hydrogeology Journal, v. 18, no. 1, p. 173-185, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0498-z.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"173","endPage":"185","ipdsId":"IP-011944","costCenters":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":348723,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Waquoit Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.54252624511719,\n 41.54815851009314\n ],\n [\n -70.46974182128906,\n 41.54815851009314\n ],\n [\n -70.46974182128906,\n 41.672398925907906\n ],\n [\n -70.54252624511719,\n 41.672398925907906\n ],\n [\n -70.54252624511719,\n 41.54815851009314\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"18","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610acde4b06e28e9c256e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Henderson, Rory rhenders@usgs.gov","contributorId":2083,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Rory","email":"rhenders@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720313,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Day-Lewis, Frederick D. 0000-0003-3526-886X daylewis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3526-886X","contributorId":1672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day-Lewis","given":"Frederick","email":"daylewis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":720311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Abarca, Elena","contributorId":199905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Abarca","given":"Elena","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Harvey, Charles F.","contributorId":199836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvey","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12444,"text":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Karam, Hanan N.","contributorId":199837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Karam","given":"Hanan","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":13299,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":721862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Lanbo","contributorId":199850,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Lanbo","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6619,"text":"University of Connecticutt","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":720315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Lane, John W. Jr. jwlane@usgs.gov","contributorId":1738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lane","given":"John","suffix":"Jr.","email":"jwlane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":486,"text":"OGW Branch of Geophysics","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":720314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70193187,"text":"70193187 - 2010 - Book review: Hollowed ground—Copper mining and community building on Lake Superior, 1840s–1990s","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-04T10:19:19","indexId":"70193187","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Hollowed ground—Copper mining and community building on Lake Superior, 1840s–1990s","docAbstract":"In 1843, six years before the Forty-niners headed west for the goldfields of California, the United States’ first great mineral rush began to a land that was, as Patrick Henry told Congress, “beyond the most distant wilderness and remote as the moon.” He was referring to the Keweenaw Peninsula of northern Michigan. This rush was not for gold or silver, but for copper. And not just any copper, but native copper, so pure it required little refining before use. The early horde of fortune-seekers came with visions of finding mountains of solid copper, spurred on by stories of large masses of “float copper” that included the famous Ontonagon Boulder, a large mass of native copper originally found lying 32 km up the steep and rugged valley of the Ontonagon River (and now gathering dust in the Smithsonian Museum).
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/econgeo.105.7.1353","usgsCitation":"Schulz, K.J., 2010, Book review: Hollowed ground—Copper mining and community building on Lake Superior, 1840s–1990s: Economic Geology, v. 105, no. 7, p. 1351-1354, https://doi.org/10.2113/econgeo.105.7.1353.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1351","endPage":"1354","ipdsId":"IP-023820","costCenters":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349645,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"105","issue":"7","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":9,"text":"Reston PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-03-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610acfe4b06e28e9c256f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schulz, Klaus J. 0000-0003-2967-4765 kschulz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2967-4765","contributorId":2438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schulz","given":"Klaus","email":"kschulz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":718142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70034191,"text":"70034191 - 2010 - Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-29T10:52:43","indexId":"70034191","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mineralogical and chemical characteristics of some natural jarosites","docAbstract":"This paper presents a detailed study of the mineralogical, microscopic, thermal, and spectral characteristics of jarosite and natrojarosite minerals. Systematic mineralogic and chemical examination of a suite of 32 natural stoichiometric jarosite and natrojarosite samples from diverse supergene and hydrothermal environments indicates that there is only limited solid solution between Na and K at low temperatures, which suggests the presence of a solvus in the jarosite-natrojarosite system at temperatures below about 140 C. The samples examined in this study consist of either end members or coexisting end-member pairs of jarosite and natrojarosite. Quantitative electron-probe microanalysis data for several natural hydrothermal samples show only end-member compositions for individual grains or zones, and no detectable alkali-site deficiencies, which indicates that there is no hydronium substitution within the analytical uncertainty of the method. In addition, there is no evidence of Fe deficiencies in the natural hydrothermal samples. Hydronium-bearing jarosite was detected in only one relatively young supergene sample suggesting that terrestrial hydronium-bearing jarosites generally are unstable over geologic timescales.
Unit-cell parameters of the 20 natural stoichiometric jarosites and 12 natural stoichiometric natrojarosites examined in this study have distinct and narrow ranges in the a- and c-cell dimensions. There is no overlap of these parameters at the 1r level for the two end-member compositions. Several hydrothermal samples consist of fine-scale (2–10 lm) intimate intergrowths of jarosite and natrojarosite, which could have resulted from solid-state diffusion segregation or growth zoning due to variations in the Na/K activity ratio of hydrothermal solutions.
This field trip examines the geology and geohydrology of a dissected part of the Salem Plateau in the Ozark Plateaus province of south-central Missouri. Rocks exposed in this area include karstified, flat-lying, lower Paleozoic carbonate platform rocks deposited on Mesoproterozoic basement. The latter is exposed as an uplift located about 40 mi southwest of the St. Francois Mountains and form the core of the Ozark dome. On day 1, participants will examine and explore major karst features developed in Paleozoic carbonate strata on the Current River; this will include Devil's Well and Round Spring Cavern as well as Montauk, Round, Alley, and Big Springs. The average discharge of the latter is 276 × 106 gpd and is rated in the top 20 springs in the world. Another, Alley Spring, is equally spectacular with an average discharge of 81 × 106 gpd. Both are major contributors to the Current and Eleven Point River drainage system which includes about 50 Mesoproterozoic volcanic knobs and two granite outcrops. These knobs are mainly caldera-erupted ignimbrites with a total thickness of 7–8 km. They are overlain by post-collapse lavas and intruded by domes dated at 1470 Ma. Volcaniclastic sediment and air-fall lapilli tuff are widely distributed along this synvolcanic unconformity. On day 2, the group will examine the most important volcanic features and the southernmost granite exposure in Missouri. The trip concludes with a discussion of the Missouri Gravity Low, the Eminence caldera, and the volcanic history of southern Missouri as well as a discussion of geologic controls on regional groundwater flow through this part of the Ozark aquifer.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"From Precambrian rift volcanoes to the Mississippian Shelf margin: Geological field excursions in the Ozark Mountains","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colo.","usgsCitation":"Harrison, R., Weary, D.J., Orndorff, R.C., Repetski, J.E., Pierce, H.A., and Lowell, G.R., 2010, Rift-related volcanism and karst geohydrology of the southern Ozark Dome, chap. of From Precambrian rift volcanoes to the Mississippian Shelf margin: Geological field excursions in the Ozark Mountains, p. 99-158.","productDescription":"60 p.","startPage":"99","endPage":"158","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020395","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309792,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"Salem Plateau","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ],\n [\n -89.1650390625,\n 36.84446074079564\n ],\n [\n -91.38427734374999,\n 36.914764288955936\n ],\n [\n -91.34033203125,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -89.53857421875,\n 37.24782120155428\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561793cfe4b0cdb063e3fb9a","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Evans, Kevin R.","contributorId":35724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577058,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aber, James S.","contributorId":149141,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aber","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577059,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Harrison, Richard W. rharriso@usgs.gov","contributorId":544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harrison","given":"Richard W.","email":"rharriso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Repetski, John E. 0000-0002-2298-7120 jrepetski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2298-7120","contributorId":2596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Repetski","given":"John","email":"jrepetski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pierce, Herbert A. hpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":5995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Herbert","email":"hpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lowell, Gary R.","contributorId":149142,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lowell","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70187016,"text":"70187016 - 2010 - Interpreting canopy water balance and fog screen observations: separating cloud water from wind-blown rainfall at two contrasting forest sites in Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-19T10:02:29","indexId":"70187016","displayToPublicDate":"2010-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Interpreting canopy water balance and fog screen observations: separating cloud water from wind-blown rainfall at two contrasting forest sites in Hawai'i","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
Rocks associated with coal beds typically include shale, sandstone, and (or) limestone. In addition to common rock-forming minerals, all of these rock types may contain sulfide and sulfate minerals, various carbonate minerals, and organic material. These different minerals have inherently different solubility characteristics, as well as different acid-generating or acid-neutralizing potentials. The abundance and composition of sulfur- and carbonate-bearing minerals are of particular interest in interpreting the leaching column data because (1) pyrite and carbonate minerals are the primary controls on the acid-base account of a sample, (2) these minerals incorporate trace metals that can be released during weathering, and (3) these minerals readily react during weathering due to mineral dissolution and oxidation of iron.
Rock samples were collected by the Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Protection (PaDEP) from five different sites to assess the draft standardized leaching column method (ADTI-WP2) for the prediction of weathering rates and water quality at coal mines. Samples were sent to USGS laboratories for mineralogical characterization and to ActLabs for chemical analysis. The samples represent a variety of rock types (shales, sandstones, and coal refuse) that are typical of coal overburden in the eastern United States. These particular samples were chosen for testing the weathering protocols because they represent a range of geochemical and lithologic characteristics, sulfur contents, and acid-base accounting characteristics (Hornberger et al., 2003). The rocks contain variable amounts of pyrite and carbonate minerals and vary in texture.
This chapter includes bulk rock chemical data and detailed mineralogical and textural data for unweathered starting materials used in the interlaboratory validation study, and for two samples used in the early phases of leaching column tests (Wadesville Sandstone, Leechburg Coal Refuse). We also characterize some of the post-weathering rock samples, report trace-element content in leachate, and discuss mineralogical controls on leachate quality based on data from one of the participating laboratories. Table 5.1 lists the samples described in this chapter, the sample numbers, and comments on the characteristics of each lithology. Sample locations are plotted in Figure 5.1. Chapters 2 and 3 describe the sample locations, sample preparation protocols, ABA characteristics, and rationale for selection of rock samples for testing. Microprobe data for pyrite and carbonate minerals are tabulated in Appendix 5.1. Leachate data, along with a series of graphs showing concentration and cumulative transport trends, for the laboratory data discussed in this chapter are included as Excel spreadsheets in Appendices 5.2 and 5.3. Leach column data for the interlaboratory study are evaluated and interpreted in Chapters 7 -11.
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III 0000-0003-3116-4684 cravotta@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3116-4684","contributorId":196993,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cravotta","given":"Charles A.","suffix":"III","email":"cravotta@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":717439,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galeone, Daniel G. 0000-0002-8007-9278 dgaleone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8007-9278","contributorId":2301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galeone","given":"Daniel","email":"dgaleone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, John C. jjackson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"John","email":"jjackson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717443,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dulong, Frank T. 0000-0001-7388-647X fdulong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7388-647X","contributorId":650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dulong","given":"Frank","email":"fdulong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":717441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70041614,"text":"70041614 - 2009 - Diffusion-equation representations of landform evolution in the simplest circumstances: Appendix C","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T10:03:39","indexId":"70041614","displayToPublicDate":"2014-12-08T08:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"title":"Diffusion-equation representations of landform evolution in the simplest circumstances: Appendix C","docAbstract":"The diffusion equation is one of the three great partial differential equations of classical physics. It describes the flow or diffusion of heat in the presence of temperature gradients, fluid flow in porous media in the presence of pressure gradients, and the diffusion of molecules in the presence of chemical gradients. [The other two equations are the wave equation, which describes the propagation of electromagnetic waves (including light), acoustic (sound) waves, and elastic (seismic) waves radiated from earthquakes; and LaPlace’s equation, which describes the behavior of electric, gravitational, and fluid potentials, all part of potential field theory. The diffusion equation reduces to LaPlace’s equation at steady state, when the field of interest does not depend on t. Poisson’s equation is LaPlace’s equation with a source term.]
\nJoseph Fourier developed the diffusion equation for heat conduction in 1807, and it has significant associations with probability theory (Narasimhan, 2009), as we will see shortly. In a novel and fascinating application, Gene Humphreys has employed solutions of the diffusion equation to describe the density of desert tortoises in the presence of population gradients caused by new dirt roads cut in the Mojave Desert. These new dirt roads induce an immediate line sink for unsuspecting tortoises. As of this writing in early September, I am not sure whether Gene has published this work.
\nMost of us here know that the diffusion equation has also been used to describe the evolution through time of scarp-like landforms, including fault scarps, shoreline scarps, or a set of marine terraces. The methods, models, and data employed in such studies have been described in the literature many times over the past 25 years. For most situations, everything you will ever need (or want) to know can be found in Hanks et al. (1984) and Hanks (2000), the latter being a review of numerous studies of the 1980s and 1990s and a summary of available estimates of the mass diffusivity κ. The geometric parameterization of scarp-like landforms is shown in Figure 1.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Friends of the Pleistocene 2009 Pacific Cell Field Trip: Paleoseismic, geomorphic, and geodetic studies across the Central Great Basin: Exploring active deformation along the eastern edge of the Pacific/North American plate boundary.","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Hanks, T.C., 2009, Diffusion-equation representations of landform evolution in the simplest circumstances: Appendix C, 6 p.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-016448","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310751,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56334338e4b048076347eebf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":578665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70046624,"text":"70046624 - 2009 - Preliminary results of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, northeast United States and Maritime Provinces of Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:31:26.670356","indexId":"70046624","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Preliminary results of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, northeast United States and Maritime Provinces of Canada","docAbstract":"The results of a soil geochemical survey of the Canadian Maritime provinces and the northeast states of the United States are described. The data presented are for the <2-mm fraction of the surface layer (0-5 cm depth) and C horizons of the soil. Elemental determinations were made by ICP-MS following two digestions, aqua regia (partial dissolution) and a strong 4-acid mixture (near-total dissolution). The preliminary results show that Hg and Pb exhibit elevated abundances in the surface layer, while As and Ni exhibit abundances that can be attributed to the geological provenance of the soil parent materials.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Association of Applied Geochemists","publisherLocation":"Nepean, ON","usgsCitation":"Grunsky, E.C., Smith, D., Friske, P.W., and Woodruff, L.G., 2009, Preliminary results of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project, northeast United States and Maritime Provinces of Canada, in 24th International Applied Geochemistry Symposium, v. 2, p. 729-732.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"729","endPage":"732","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":273823,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.appliedgeochemists.org/images/stories/IAGS_2009/24th_IAGS_Abstracts_Vol2_revised_North_American_Geochem_Landscapes.pdf"},{"id":273829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51c02ff4e4b0ee1529ed3d42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grunsky, Eric C.","contributorId":53679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grunsky","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":479885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Friske, Peter W.B.","contributorId":81002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friske","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":479888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":479886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70003850,"text":"70003850 - 2009 - Introduction to paleoenvironments of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, and its catchment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-05-30T13:38:46","indexId":"70003850","displayToPublicDate":"2012-06-22T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to paleoenvironments of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, and its catchment","docAbstract":"In 1996 a group led by the late Kerry Kelts (University of Minnesota) and Robert Thompson (U.S. Geological Survey) acquired three piston cores (BL96-1, -2, and -3) from Bear Lake. The coring arose from their recognition of Bear Lake as a potential repository of long records of paleoenvironmental change. They recognized that the lake is located in an area that is sensitive to changes in regional climate patterns (Dean et al., this volume), that the lake basin is long lived (see Colman, 2006; Kaufman et al., this volume), and that, unlike many lakes in the Great Basin, Bear Lake was never dry during warm dry periods.
\nBear Lake lies in the northeastern Great Basin to the northeast of Great Salt Lake, just south of the Snake River drainage, and a short distance west of the Green River drainage that makes up part of the Upper Colorado River Basin (Fig. 1). Similarity among the historic Bear Lake and Great Salt Lake hydrographs and flows on the Green River indicates that the hydrology of Bear Lake reflects regional precipitation (Fig. 2). Therefore, paleorecords from Bear Lake are important to understanding past climate for a large region, including the Upper Colorado River Basin, the source of much of the water for the southwestern United States.
\nInitially, paleoenvironmental studies of Bear Lake sediments focused on cores BL96-1, -2, and -3. Additional coring was conducted to elucidate the spatial distribution of sedimentary units and to extend the record back in time. The study was also expanded to include extensive study of the catchment, including the properties of catchment materials and the processes that could potentially affect the delivery of catchment materials to the lake.
\nCores BL96-1, -2, and -3 were taken with a Kullenburg piston corer along an east–west profile in roughly 50, 40, and 30 m of water, respectively (Table 1, Fig. 3). These three cores, each taken as a single 4- to 5-m-long segment, provide a nearly complete composite section from ca. 26 cal ka to the late Holocene. In 1998 a number of short gravity cores were taken from the uppermost water-rich sediments that were not sampled by the 1996 cores. During 2000, cores were taken with a percussion piston corer (manufactured by UWITEC) at three locations in and around Mud Lake and at two locations in the northern end of Bear Lake (Fig. 3). Cores acquired with the percussion corer comprise as many as three overlapping segments up to 2 m in length. In 2002, additional percussion piston cores and associated gravity cores of the uppermost sediments were acquired from five sites in the northern half of the lake. In conjunction with two of the cores collected in 2000, these cores form a north–south profile along a seismic line and span water depths from less than 10 m to ~40 m. Data from this profile provide much of the evidence for lake-level variations (Smoot and Rosenbaum, this volume). Finally, during 2000, two long cores, BL00-1D and -1E (collectively referred to here simply as BL00-1), were taken at a site near the depocenter during testing of the GLAD800 coring platform (Fig. 4; Dean et al., 2002). These cores provide a record back to ca. 220 ka.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/2009.2450(00)","usgsCitation":"Rosenbaum, J.G., and Kaufman, D.S., 2009, Introduction to paleoenvironments of Bear Lake, Utah and Idaho, and its catchment: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 450, p. v-xiii, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(00).","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"v","endPage":"xiii","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257819,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":287883,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/2009.2450(00)"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho;Utah;Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Bear Lake;Great Basin;Great Salt Lake;Green River;Snake River;Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.25,40.0 ], [ -114.25,44.75 ], [ -109.5,44.75 ], [ -109.5,40.0 ], [ -114.25,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"450","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e271e4b0c8380cd45bb4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rosenbaum, Joseph G. jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","contributorId":1524,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenbaum","given":"Joseph","email":"jrosenbaum@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":349147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaufman, Darrell S. 0000-0002-7572-1414","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7572-1414","contributorId":28308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaufman","given":"Darrell","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70004011,"text":"70004011 - 2009 - Is the track of the Yellowstone hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume? - Review of volcanism, faulting, and uplift in light of new data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-22T16:31:08.333717","indexId":"70004011","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-27T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Is the track of the Yellowstone hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume? - Review of volcanism, faulting, and uplift in light of new data","docAbstract":"Geophysical imaging of a tilted mantle plume extending at least 500 km beneath the Yellowstone caldera provides compelling support for a plume origin of the entire Yellowstone hotspot track back to its inception at 17 Ma with eruptions of flood basalts and rhyolite. The widespread volcanism, combined with a large volume of buoyant asthenosphere, supports a plume head as an initial phase. Estimates of the diameter of the plume head suggest it completely spanned the upper mantle and was fed from sources beneath the transition zone, We consider a mantle–plume depth to at least 1,000 km to best explain the large scale of features associated with the hotspot track. The Columbia River–Steens flood basalts form a northward-migrating succession consistent with the outward spreading of a plume head beneath the lithosphere. The northern part of the inferred plume head spread (pancaked) upward beneath Mesozoic oceanic crust to produce flood basalts, whereas basalt melt from the southern part intercepted and melted Paleozoic and older crust to produce rhyolite from 17 to 14 Ma. The plume head overlapped the craton margin as defined by strontium isotopes; westward motion of the North American plate has likely “scraped off” the head from the plume tail. Flood basalt chemistries are explained by delamination of the lithosphere where the plume head intersected this cratonic margin. Before reaching the lithosphere, the rising plume head apparently intercepted the east-dipping Juan de Fuca slab and was deflected ~ 250 km to the west; the plume head eventually broke through the slab, leaving an abruptly truncated slab. Westward deflection of the plume head can explain the anomalously rapid hotspot movement of 62 km/m.y. from 17 to 10 Ma, compared to the rate of ~ 25 km/m.y. from 10 to 2 Ma.
A plume head-to-tail transition occurred in the 14-to-10-Ma interval in the central Snake River Plain and was characterized by frequent (every 200–300 ka for about 2 m.y. from 12.7 to 10.5 Ma) “large volume (> 7000 km3)”, and high temperature rhyolitic eruptions (> 1000 °C) along a ~ 200–km-wide east–west band. The broad transition area required a heat source of comparable area. Differing characteristics of the volcanic fields here may in part be due to variations in crustal composition but also may reflect development in differing parts of an evolving plume where the older fields may reflect the eruption from several volcanic centers located above very large and extensive rhyolitic magma chamber(s) over the detached plume head while the younger fields may signal the arrival of the plume tail intercepting and melting the lithosphere and generating a more focused rhyolitic magma chamber.
The three youngest volcanic fields of the hotspot track started with large ignimbrite eruptions at 10.21, 6.62, and 2.05 Ma. They indicate hotspot migration N55° E at ~ 25 km/m.y. compatible in direction and velocity with the North American Plate motion. The Yellowstone Crescent of High Terrain (YCHT) flares outward ahead of the volcanic progression in a pattern similar to a bow-wave, and thus favors a sub-lithospheric driver. Estimates of YCHT-uplift rates are between 0.1 and 0.4 mm/yr. Drainage divides have migrated northeastward with the hotspot. The Continental Divide and a radial drainage pattern now centers on the hotspot. The largest geoid anomaly in the conterminous U.S. is also centered on Yellowstone and, consistent with uplift above a mantle plume.
Bands of late Cenozoic faulting extend south and west from Yellowstone. These bands are subdivided into belts based both on recency of offset and range-front height. Fault history within these belts suggests the following pattern: Belt I — starting activity but little accumulated offset; Belt II — peak activity with high total offset and activity younger than 14 ka; Belt III — waning activity with large offset and activity younger than 140 ka; and Belt IV — apparently dead on substantial range fronts (south side of the eastern Snake River Plain only). These belts of fault activity have migrated northeast in tandem with the adjacent hotspot volcanism. On the southern arm of the YCHT, fault activity occurs on the inner, western slope consistent with driving by gravitational potential energy, whereas faulting has not started on the eastern, outer, more compressional slope. Range fronts increase in height and steepness northeastward along the southern-fault band.
Both the belts of faulting and the YCHT are asymmetrical across the volcanic hotspot track, flaring out 1.6 times more on the south than the north side. This and the southeast tilt of the Yellowstone plume may reflect southeast flow of the upper mantle.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.009","usgsCitation":"Pierce, K.L., and Morgan, L.A., 2009, Is the track of the Yellowstone hotspot driven by a deep mantle plume? - Review of volcanism, faulting, and uplift in light of new data: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 188, no. 1-3, p. 1-25, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.07.009.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"25","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257133,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.0662841796875,\n 43.99676629896825\n ],\n [\n -109.786376953125,\n 43.99676629896825\n ],\n [\n -109.786376953125,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.0662841796875,\n 45.00365115687186\n ],\n [\n -111.0662841796875,\n 43.99676629896825\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"188","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3f2fe4b0c8380cd64316","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. kpierce@usgs.gov","contributorId":1609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350142,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morgan, Lisa A.","contributorId":66300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350143,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003474,"text":"70003474 - 2009 - The United States national volcanic ash operations plan for aviation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-10T07:31:05","indexId":"70003474","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:04:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2822,"text":"Natural Hazards","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The United States national volcanic ash operations plan for aviation","docAbstract":"Volcanic-ash clouds are a known hazard to aviation, requiring that aircraft be warned away from ash-contaminated airspace. The exposure of aviation to potential hazards from volcanoes in the United States is significant. In support of existing interagency operations to detect and track volcanic-ash clouds, the United States has prepared a National Volcanic Ash Operations Plan for Aviation to strengthen the warning process in its airspace. The US National Plan documents the responsibilities, communication protocols, and prescribed hazard messages of the Federal Aviation Administration, National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, US Geological Survey, and Air Force Weather Agency. The plan introduces a new message format, a Volcano Observatory Notice for Aviation, to provide clear, concise information about volcanic activity, including precursory unrest, to air-traffic controllers (for use in Notices to Airmen) and other aviation users. The plan is online at http://www.ofcm.gov/p35-nvaopa/pdf/FCM-P35-2007-NVAOPA.pdf. While the plan provides general operational practices, it remains the responsibility of the federal agencies involved to implement the described procedures through orders, directives, etc. Since the plan mirrors global guidelines of the International Civil Aviation Organization, it also provides an example that could be adapted by other countries.","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Albersheim, S., and Guffanti, M., 2009, The United States national volcanic ash operations plan for aviation: Natural Hazards, v. 51, no. 2, p. 275-285.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"275","endPage":"285","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":112438,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/l3n78013447q3153/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba966e4b08c986b322246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Albersheim, Steven","contributorId":81243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Albersheim","given":"Steven","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347412,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70043320,"text":"pp171319 - 2009 - Eocene total petroleum system — North and East of the Eocene West Side Fold Belt Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-27T21:38:22.943674","indexId":"pp171319","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1713","chapter":"19","title":"Eocene total petroleum system — North and East of the Eocene West Side Fold Belt Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province","docAbstract":"The North and East of Eocene West Side Fold Belt Assessment Unit (AU) of the Eocene Total Petroleum System of the San Joaquin Basin Province comprises all hydrocarbon accumulations within the geographic and stratigraphic limits of this confirmed AU. Oil and associated gas accumulations occur in Paleocene through early middle Miocene marine to nonmarine sandstones found on the comparatively stable northeast shelf of the basin. The assessment unit is located north and east of the thickest accumulation of Neogene sediments and the west side fold belt. The area enclosed by the AU has been affected by only mild deformation since Eocene time. Traps containing known accumulations are mostly low-relief domes, anticlines, and up-dip basin margin traps with faulting and stratigraphic components. Map boundaries of the assessment unit are shown in figures 19.1 and 19.2; this assessment unit replaces the Northeast Shelf of Neogene Basin play 1006, the East Central Basin and Slope North of Bakersfield Arch play 1010, and part of the West Side Fold Belt Sourced by Pre-middle Miocene Rocks play 1005 considered by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in their 1995 National Assessment (Beyer, 1996). Stratigraphically, the AU includes rocks from the uppermost crystalline basement to the topographic surface. In the region of overlap with the Central Basin Monterey Diagenetic Traps Assessment Unit, the North and East of Eocene West Side Fold Belt AU extends from basement rocks to the top of the Temblor Formation (figs. 19.3 and 19.4). In map view, the northern boundary of the assessment unit corresponds to the northernmost extent of Eocene-age Kreyenhagen Formation. The northeast boundary is the eastern limit of possible oil reservoir rocks near the eastern edge of the basin. The southeast boundary corresponds to the pinch-out of Stevens sand of Eckis (1940) to the south, which approximately coincides with the northern flank of the Bakersfield Arch (fig. 19.1). The AU is bounded on the southwest by the limit of major west side structural deformation and to the northwest by the San Andreas Fault and the limit of hydrocarbon-prospective strata in the Coast Ranges. As described by Gautier and others (this volume, chapter 2), existing oil fields in the San Joaquin Basin Province were assigned to assessment units based on the identified petroleum system and reservoir rocks in each field. Vallecitos oil field in the extreme northwest corner of the basin was assigned to the Eocene Total Petroleum System, because oil analyses conducted for this San Joaquin Basin assessment indicate that Eocene oil charged the reservoir rocks (Lillis and Magoon, this volume, chapter 9). Some literature classifies the Vallecitos oil field as part of the northernmost fold of the basin’s west side fold belt (see, for example, Rentschler, 1985; Bartow, 1991), but because of the oil field’s spatial separation and differing trend from the west side fold belt, Vallecitos field was considered here to be within the North and East of Eocene West Side Fold Belt Assessment Unit rather than in the other assessment unit in the Eocene Total Petroleum System, the Eocene West Side Fold Belt. Primary fields in the assessment unit are defined as those containing hydrocarbon resources greater than the USGS minimum threshold for assessment (0.5 million barrels of oil); secondary fields contain smaller volumes of oil but constitute a significant show of hydrocarbons.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California (Professional Paper 1713)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp171319","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., and Hosford Scheirer, A., 2009, Eocene total petroleum system — North and East of the Eocene West Side Fold Belt Assessment Unit of the San Joaquin Basin Province: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1713, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp171319.","productDescription":"19 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":267255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/19/pp1713_ch19.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":421310,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86362.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":267254,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/pp1713/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":267256,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1713_19.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,38.0 ], [ -118.75,34.75 ], [ -121.75,34.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"This report is Chapter 19 in Petroleum systems and geologic assessment of oil and gas in the San Joaquin Basin Province, California. Please see Professional Paper 1713 for other chapters.","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"511a210ce4b084e2824d696c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":473382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hosford Scheirer, Allegra","contributorId":22217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hosford Scheirer","given":"Allegra","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":473383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041337,"text":"70041337 - 2009 - Simulations of cataclysmic outburst floods from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-30T07:51:52","indexId":"70041337","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulations of cataclysmic outburst floods from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula","docAbstract":"Using a flow domain that we constructed from 30 m digital-elevation model data of western United States and Canada and a two-dimensional numerical model for shallow-water flow over rugged terrain, we simulated outburst floods from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula. We modeled a large, but not the largest, flood, using initial lake elevation at 1250 m instead of 1285 m. Rupture of the ice dam, centered on modern Lake Pend Oreille, catastrophically floods eastern Washington and rapidly fills the broad Pasco, Yakima, and Umatilla Basins. Maximum flood stage is reached in Pasco and Yakima Basins 38 h after the dam break, whereas maximum flood stage in Umatilla Basin occurs 17 h later. Drainage of these basins through narrow Columbia gorge takes an additional 445 h. For this modeled flood, peak discharges in eastern Washington range from 10 to 20 × 106 m3/s. However, constrictions in Columbia gorge limit peak discharges to <6 × 106 m3/s and greatly extend the duration of flooding. We compare these model results with field observations of scabland distribution and high-water indicators. Our model predictions of the locations of maximum scour (product of bed shear stress and average flow velocity) match the distribution of existing scablands. We compare model peak stages to high-water indicators from the Rathdrum-Spokane valley, Walulla Gap, and along Columbia gorge. Though peak stages from this less-than-maximal flood model attain or exceed peak-stage indicators along Rathdrum-Spokane valley and along Columbia gorge, simulated peak stages near Walulla Gap are 10–40 m below observed peak-stage indicators. Despite this discrepancy, our match to field observations in most of the region indicates that additional sources of water other than Glacial Lake Missoula are not required to explain the Missoula floods.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B26454.1","usgsCitation":"Denlinger, R.P., and O’Connell, D.R., 2009, Simulations of cataclysmic outburst floods from Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 122, no. 5-6, p. 678-689, https://doi.org/10.1130/B26454.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"678","endPage":"689","ipdsId":"IP-007425","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":263715,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":263714,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1130/B26454.1"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Missoula","otherGeospatial":"Pasco Basin;Pleistocene Glacial Lake Missoula;Umatilla Basin;Walulla Gap;Yakima Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.0,44.1 ], [ -116.0,49.0 ], [ -108.0,49.0 ], [ -108.0,44.1 ], [ -116.0,44.1 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"122","issue":"5-6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50bfbdcee4b01744973f782f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Denlinger, Roger P. 0000-0003-0930-0635 roger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-0635","contributorId":2679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Denlinger","given":"Roger","email":"roger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connell, D. R. H.","contributorId":53606,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connell","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70041525,"text":"70041525 - 2009 - Geophysical setting of western Utah and eastern Nevada between latitudes 37°45′ and 40°N","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-14T11:20:13","indexId":"70041525","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geophysical setting of western Utah and eastern Nevada between latitudes 37°45′ and 40°N","docAbstract":"Gravity and aeromagnetic data refine the structural setting for the region of western Utah and eastern Nevada between Snake and Hamlin Valleys on the west and Tule Valley on the east. These data are used here as part of a regional analysis. An isostatic gravity map shows large areas underlain by gravity lows, the most prominent of which is a large semi-circular low associated with the Indian Peak caldera complex in the southwestern part of the study area. Another low underlies the Thomas caldera in the northeast, and linear lows elsewhere indicate low-density basin-fill in all major north-trending graben valleys. Gravity highs reflect pre-Cenozoic rocks mostly exposed in the mountain ranges. In the Confusion Range, however, the gravity high extends about 15 km east of the range front to Coyote Knolls, indicating a broad pediment cut on upper Paleozoic rocks and covered by a thin veneer of alluvium. Aeromagnetic highs sharply delineate Oligocene and Miocene volcanic rocks and intracaldera plutons associated with the Indian Peak caldera complex and the Pioche–Marysvale igneous belt. Jurassic to Eocene plutons and volcanic rocks elsewhere in the study area, however, have much more modest magnetic signatures. Some relatively small magnetic highs in the region are associated with outcrops of volcanic rock, and the continuation of those anomalies indicates that the rocks are probably extensive in the subsurface. A gravity inversion method separating the isostatic gravity anomaly into fields representing pre-Cenozoic basement rocks and Cenozoic basin deposits was used to calculate depth to basement and estimate maximum amounts of alluvial and volcanic fill within the valleys. Maximum depths within the Indian Peak caldera complex average about 2.5 km, locally reaching 3 km. North of the caldera complex, thickness of valley fill in most graben valleys ranges from 1.5 to 3 km thick, with Hamlin and Pine Valleys averaging ~3 km. The main basin beneath Tule Valley is relatively shallow (~0.6 km), reaching a maximum depth of ~1 km over a small area northeast of Coyote Knolls. Maximum horizontal gradients were calculated for both long-wavelength gravity and magnetic-potential data, and these were used to constrain major density and magnetic lineaments. These lineaments help delineate deep-seated crustal structures that separate major tectonic domains, potentially localizing Cenozoic tectonic features that may control regional ground-water flow.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah, UGA-38","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"Utah Geological Association","publisherLocation":"http://www.utahgeology.org","collaboration":"This book is available in CD-ROM format at http://www.mapstore.utah.gov/uga38.html/","usgsCitation":"Mankinen, E.A., and McKee, E.H., 2009, Geophysical setting of western Utah and eastern Nevada between latitudes 37°45′ and 40°N, chap. of Geology and Geologic Resources and Issues of Western Utah, UGA-38, p. 271-286.","productDescription":"16 p.; CD-ROM Chapter","startPage":"271","endPage":"286","ipdsId":"IP-012963","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264041,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264040,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://archives.datapages.com/data/uga/data/081/081001/271_ugs810271.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada;Utah","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.01,40.0 ], [ -120.01,37.75 ], [ -109.04,37.75 ], [ -109.04,40.0 ], [ -120.01,40.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cc58d2e4b00ab7c548c697","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Tripp, Bryce","contributorId":113835,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tripp","given":"Bryce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509108,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krahulec, Ken","contributorId":113293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krahulec","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509107,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jordan, Lucy","contributorId":111392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jordan","given":"Lucy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509106,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Mankinen, Edward A. 0000-0001-7496-2681 emank@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":1054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"Edward","email":"emank@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":469901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":469902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70003457,"text":"70003457 - 2009 - Stratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy of the uppermost Carboniferous and Lower Permian from the North American Midcontinent","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:16:01","indexId":"70003457","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-06T16:05:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2579,"text":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy of the uppermost Carboniferous and Lower Permian from the North American Midcontinent","docAbstract":"Part A The uppermost Wabaunsee, Admire, Council Grove, and lower Chase Groups of Kansas, Oklahoma, and Nebraska are placed into three third-order depositional sequences: a Gzhelian late-highstand sequence set, a Council Grove transgressive and highstand sequence set, and a Chase transgressive sequence set. Sequences are defined by bounding maximum-exposure surfaces and are placed within the zone of exposure surfaces (typically, stacked paleosols). Conodonts are abundant in open-marine deposits and most marine units have a differing and characteristic faunal make-up. Eleven species are described as new: Streptognathodus binodosus, S. denticulatus, S. elongianus, S. florensis, S. lineatus, S. nevaensis, S. postconstrictus, S. postelongatus, S. robustus, S. translinearis, and S. trimilus.
Part B Maximum-marine flooding levels and marine-condensed sections from uppermost Carboniferous and Lower Permian fourth-order (0.1-1 m.y.) depositional sequences of the North American midcontinent reveal a rich stratigraphic succession of species of Streptognathodus and Sweetognathus conodonts that permits high-precision correlation of the Carboniferous-Permian boundary as well as the Asselian-Sakmarian and Sakmarian-Artinskian boundaries. Eleven new species of Streptognathodus are described: Streptognathodus binodosus, S. denticulatus, S. elongianus, S. florensis, S. lineatus, S. nevaensis, S. postconstrictus, S. postelongatus, S. robustus, S. translinearis, and S. trimilus. Seventeen species are redescribed and clarified and include Streptognathodus alius, S. barskovi, S. bellus, S. brownvillensis, S. conjunctus, S. constrictus, S. elongatus, S. farmeri, S. flexuosus, S. fuchengensis, S. fusus, S. invaginatus, S. isolatus, S. longissimus, S. minacutus, S. nodulinearis, and S. wabaunsensis.
The correlated level of the Carboniferous-Permian boundary is recognized in the lower part of the Red Eagle Depositional Sequence based on the introduction of Streptognathodus isolatus Chernykh, Ritter, and Wardlaw; Streptognathodus minacutus Barskov and Reimers; Streptognathodus invaginatus Reshetkova and Chernykh; Streptognathodus fuchengensis Zhao; and Streptognathodus nodulinearis Reshetkova and Chernykh. The correlated Carboniferous-Permian boundary occurs in the depositional sequence that represents the maximum-marine highstand of the Council Grove Composite Third Order Sequence. This level represents a significant marine-flooding event that should be correlatable in numerous shelfal sections throughout the world.
Although the Asselian-Sakmarian boundary has not been rigorously defined, Sweetognathus merrilli has been informally utilized as a Sakmarian indicator. Due to the ecologically controlled distribution of species of Sweetognathus, we prefer to use a species of Streptognathodus as a defining species. We propose that Streptognathodus barskovi (Kozur) Reshetkova be considered as a potentially defining or ancillary defining species for the Sakmarian Stage. In the North American midcontinent, Streptognathodus barskovi appears in the same depositional sequence with Sweetognathus merrilli in the Eiss (Lower Bader) Depositional Sequence. Historically, Sweetognathus whitei has been used to mark the Sakmarian-Artinskian boundary. In our succession Sweetognathus whitei and Streptognathodus florensis appear in the basal part of the Barneston Depositional Sequence. We suggest that Streptognathodus florensis be further investigated as a possible defining or ancillary defining taxon for the base of the Artinskian Stage. This depositional sequence also forms the maximum-marine highstand of the Chase Third-Order Composite Depositional Sequence suggesting that this level is a significant marine-flooding event that should be widely traceable in numerous shelfal sections.
","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"The University of Kansas","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Boardman, D.R., Wardlaw, B.R., and Nestell, M.K., 2009, Stratigraphy and conodont biostratigraphy of the uppermost Carboniferous and Lower Permian from the North American Midcontinent: Kansas Geological Survey Bulletin, v. 255, x, 145 p.; Appendices.","productDescription":"x, 145 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204483,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":111144,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.kgs.ku.edu/Publications/Bulletins/255/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas;Nebraska;Oklahoma","volume":"255","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9981e4b08c986b31c46f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Boardman, Darwin R. II","contributorId":41295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boardman","given":"Darwin","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wardlaw, Bruce R. bwardlaw@usgs.gov","contributorId":266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wardlaw","given":"Bruce","email":"bwardlaw@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nestell, Merlynd K.","contributorId":68603,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nestell","given":"Merlynd","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":12734,"text":"University of Texas at Arlington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":347347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70003754,"text":"70003754 - 2009 - Structural development of high-temperature mylonites in the Archean Wyoming province, northwestern Madison Range, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-08T14:27:14.408808","indexId":"70003754","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3310,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Structural development of high-temperature mylonites in the Archean Wyoming province, northwestern Madison Range, Montana","docAbstract":"The Crooked Creek mylonite, in the northwestern Madison Range, southwestern Montana, is defined by several curved lenses of high non-coaxial strain exposed over a 7-km-wide, northeast-trending strip. The country rocks, part of the Archean Wyoming province, are dominantly trondhjemitic to granitic orthogneiss with subordinate amphibolite, quartzite, aluminous gneiss, and sills of metabasite (mafic granulite). Data presented here support an interpretation that the mylonite formed during a period of rapid, heterogeneous strain at near-peak metamorphic conditions during an early deformational event (D1) caused by northwest–southeast-directed transpression. The mylonite has a well-developed L-S tectonite fabric and a fine-grained, recrystallized (granoblastic) texture. The strong linear fabric, interpreted as the stretching direction, is defined by elongate compositional “fish,” fold axes, aligned elongate minerals, and mullion axes. The margins of the mylonitic zones are concordant with and grade into regions of unmylonitized gneiss. A second deformational event (D2) has folded the mylonite surface to produce meter- to kilometer-scale, tight-to-isoclinal, gently plunging folds in both the mylonite and country rock, and represents a northwest–southeast shortening event. Planar or linear fabrics associated with D2 are remarkably absent. A third regional deformational event (D3) produced open, kilometer-scale folds generally with gently north-plunging fold axes.
Thermobarometric measurements presented here indicate that metamorphic conditions during D1 were the same in both the mylonite and the country gneiss, reaching upper amphibolite- to lower granulite-facies conditions: 700 ± 50° C and 8.5 ± 0.5 kb. Previous geochronological studies of mylonitic and cross-cutting rocks in the Jerome Rock Lake area, east of the Crooked Creek mylonite, bracket the timing of this high-grade metamorphism and mylonitization between 2.78 and 2.56 Ga, nearly a billion years before the 1.78-Ga Big Sky orogeny, which overprinted the basement rocks exposed in adjacent ranges of the Wyoming province.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Wyoming","publisherLocation":"Laramie, WY","doi":"10.2113/gsrocky.44.2.85","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, K., and Mogk, D.W., 2009, Structural development of high-temperature mylonites in the Archean Wyoming province, northwestern Madison Range, Montana: Rocky Mountain Geology, v. 44, no. 2, p. 85-102, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsrocky.44.2.85.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"85","endPage":"102","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ],\n [\n -110.74218749999999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 45.644768217751924\n ],\n [\n -112.06054687499999,\n 44.99588261816546\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"44","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9be0e4b08c986b31d141","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mogk, David W.","contributorId":99687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mogk","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70009653,"text":"ofr20091256 - 2009 - Aeromagnetic survey of Howard Pass quadrangle and the East half of Misheguk Mountain quadrangle, Alaska—a Web site for the distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-04-15T17:28:15","indexId":"ofr20091256","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T12:56:39","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1256","title":"Aeromagnetic survey of Howard Pass quadrangle and the East half of Misheguk Mountain quadrangle, Alaska—a Web site for the distribution of data","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey Open-File-Report 2009-1256 is for the preliminary release of magnetic data (and associated contractor reports) for an airborne survey in the Brooks Range, northwest of Bettles, Alaska.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091256","usgsCitation":"Brown, P., 2009, Aeromagnetic survey of Howard Pass quadrangle and the East half of Misheguk Mountain quadrangle, Alaska—a Web site for the distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1256, iii, 15 p.; Appendices; HTML View of Location Map; Downloads of Associated Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091256.","productDescription":"iii, 15 p.; Appendices; HTML View of Location Map; Downloads of Associated Files","startPage":"i","endPage":"29","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204836,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1256/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204837,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1256.gif"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Howard Pass;Misheguk Mountain","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -161,68 ], [ -161,69 ], [ -156,69 ], [ -156,68 ], [ -161,68 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e8a9e4b0c8380cd47e19","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brown, Philip J.","contributorId":70483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Philip J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":356812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70006104,"text":"ofr20091002 - 2009 - Digital seismic-reflection data from western Rhode Island Sound, 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:12:00","indexId":"ofr20091002","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1002","title":"Digital seismic-reflection data from western Rhode Island Sound, 1980","docAbstract":"During 1980, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted a seismic-reflection survey in western Rhode Island Sound aboard the Research Vessel Neecho. Data from this survey were recorded in analog form and archived at the USGS Woods Hole Science Center's Data Library. Due to recent interest in the geology of Rhode Island Sound and in an effort to make the data more readily accessible while preserving the original paper records, the seismic data from this cruise were scanned and converted to Tagged Image File Format (TIFF) images and SEG-Y data files. Navigation data were converted from U.S. Coast Guard Long Range Aids to Navigation (LORAN-C) time delays to latitudes and longitudes, which are available in Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) shapefile format and as eastings and northings in space-delimited text format.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091002","usgsCitation":"McMullen, K., Poppe, L., and Soderberg, N., 2009, Digital seismic-reflection data from western Rhode Island Sound, 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1002, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091002.","productDescription":"HTML Document","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"1980-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":116661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1002.png"},{"id":110956,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1002/index.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","geographicExtents":"{\"crs\": {\"type\": \"name\", \"properties\": {\"name\": \"urn:ogc:def:crs:OGC:1.3:CRS84\"}}, \"geometry\": {\"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [[[-71.41096878051758, 41.20311164855963], [-71.47355461120607, 41.19138145446782], [-71.53353118896484, 41.25826835632323], [-71.56668090820314, 41.314348220825316], [-71.56702232360838, 41.354669570922844], [-71.43700722642183, 41.40092751856604], [-71.45225320048858, 41.43205471561894], [-71.4178638458252, 41.45497703552252], [-71.40476962657254, 41.4462231268984], [-71.37142120309039, 41.45290428086218], [-71.3640254382043, 41.4404771516156], [-71.29193956647572, 41.458237438853125], [-71.29568381910639, 41.468077805435875], [-71.20956802368164, 41.485330581665046], [-71.14755249023438, 41.339784622192376], [-71.13011169433594, 41.260560989379975], [-71.41096878051758, 41.20311164855963]]]}, \"properties\": {\"extentType\": \"Custom\", \"code\": \"\", \"name\": \"\", \"notes\": \"\", \"promotedForReuse\": false, \"abbreviation\": \"\", \"shortName\": \"\", \"description\": \"\"}, \"bbox\": [-71.5692081451416, 41.19138145446782, -71.13011169433594, 41.485330581665046], \"type\": \"Feature\", \"id\": \"3091905\"}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0185e4b0c8380cd4fc37","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMullen, K.Y.","contributorId":51857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMullen","given":"K.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Poppe, L.J.","contributorId":72782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppe","given":"L.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Soderberg, N.K.","contributorId":34138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Soderberg","given":"N.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70005706,"text":"ds496 - 2009 - Archive of digital boomer seismic reflection data collected offshore east-central Florida during USGS cruise 00FGS01, July 14-22, 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T14:45:43.975691","indexId":"ds496","displayToPublicDate":"2011-11-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"496","title":"Archive of digital boomer seismic reflection data collected offshore east-central Florida during USGS cruise 00FGS01, July 14-22, 2000","docAbstract":"In July of 2000, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Florida Geological Survey (FGS), conducted a geophysical survey of the Atlantic Ocean offshore Florida's east coast from Brevard County to northern Martin County. This report serves as an archive of unprocessed digital boomer seismic reflection data, trackline maps, navigation files, Geographic Information System (GIS) information, digital and handwritten Field Activity Collection System (FACS) logs, and Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC) metadata. A filtered and gained (a relative increase in signal amplitude) digital image of each seismic profile is also provided. Refer to the Acronyms page for expansions of all acronyms and abbreviations used in this report. The archived trace data are in standard Society of Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) SEG-Y format (Barry and others, 1975) and may be downloaded and processed with commercial or public domain software such as Seismic Unix (SU) (Cohen and Stockwell, 2005). Example SU processing scripts and USGS Software for viewing the SEG-Y files (Zihlman, 1992) are also provided. The USGS St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center assigns a unique identifier to each cruise or field activity. For example, 00FGS01 tells us the data were collected in 2000 for cooperative work with the Florida Geological Survey (FGS) and the data were collected during the first field activity for that study in that calendar year. Refer to http://walrus.wr.usgs.gov/infobank/programs/html/definition/activity.html for a detailed description of the method used to assign the field activity ID. The boomer plate is an acoustic energy source that consists of capacitors charged to a high voltage and discharged through a transducer in the water. The transducer is towed on a sled floating on the water surface and when discharged, emits a short acoustic pulse, or shot, which propagates through the water, sediment column, or rock beneath. The acoustic energy is reflected at density boundaries (such as the seafloor, sediment, or rock layers beneath the seafloor), detected by the receiver, and recorded by a PC-based seismic acquisition system. This process is repeated at timed intervals (for example, 0.5 s) and recorded for specific intervals of time (for example, 100 ms). In this way, a two-dimensional (2D) vertical profile of the shallow geologic structure beneath the ship track is produced. Figure 1 displays the acquisition geometry. Refer to table 1 for a summary of acquisition parameters. The unprocessed seismic data are stored in SEG-Y format (Barry and others, 1975). For a detailed description of the data format, refer to the SEG-Y Format page. See the How To Download SEG-Y Data page for download instructions. The printable profiles provided are GIF images that were filtered and gained using Seismic Unix software. Refer to the Software page for details about the processing and examples of the processing scripts. The printable profiles can be viewed from the Profiles page or from links located on the trackline maps. To view the trackline maps and navigation files, and for more information about these items, see the Navigation page. Detailed information about the navigation system used can be found in table 1. Of a total record length of 200 ms, only the upper 100 ms of each profile are displayed because no useful information was observed deeper in the sections. A 10 ms deep water delay appears on lines b57-b63 and sl2-sl28. No digital data were collected for line sl6. However, line sl6r is a second attempt to collect digital data for this line. Digital data and 500-shot-interval location navigation are not available for the last 1,161 shots of line sl26 due to an equipment malfunction.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds496","usgsCitation":"Subino, J.A., Dadisman, S.V., Wiese, D.S., Calderon, K., and Phelps, D.C., 2009, Archive of digital boomer seismic reflection data collected offshore east-central Florida during USGS cruise 00FGS01, July 14-22, 2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 496, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds496.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423293,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97086.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110829,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/496/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":116408,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_496.bmp"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard County, Indian River County, Martin County, St. Lucie County","otherGeospatial":"Atlantic Ocean","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.9833,\n 27.1906\n ],\n [\n -79.9833,\n 28.0833\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 28.0833\n ],\n [\n -80.5,\n 27.1906\n ],\n [\n -79.9833,\n 27.1906\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac3e4b07f02db678772","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Subino, Janice A.","contributorId":50386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Subino","given":"Janice","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dadisman, Shawn V. sdadisman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dadisman","given":"Shawn","email":"sdadisman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiese, Dana S. dwiese@usgs.gov","contributorId":2476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiese","given":"Dana","email":"dwiese@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Calderon, Karynna","contributorId":92739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calderon","given":"Karynna","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phelps, Daniel C.","contributorId":88194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70003485,"text":"70003485 - 2009 - Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T18:01:07.885958","indexId":"70003485","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin","docAbstract":"The Eyreville core holes provide the first continuously cored record of postimpact sequences from within the deepest part of the central Chesapeake Bay impact crater. We analyzed the upper Eocene to Pliocene postimpact sediments from the Eyreville A and C core holes for lithology (semiquantitative measurements of grain size and composition), sequence stratigraphy, and chronostratigraphy. Age is based primarily on Sr isotope stratigraphy supplemented by biostratigraphy (dinocysts, nannofossils, and planktonic foraminifers); age resolution is approximately ±0.5 Ma for early Miocene sequences and approximately ±1.0 Ma for younger and older sequences. Eocene–lower Miocene sequences are subtle, upper middle to lower upper Miocene sequences are more clearly distinguished, and upper Miocene–Pliocene sequences display a distinct facies pattern within sequences. We recognize two upper Eocene, two Oligocene, nine Miocene, three Pliocene, and one Pleistocene sequence and correlate them with those in New Jersey and Delaware. The upper Eocene through Pleistocene strata at Eyreville record changes from: (1) rapidly deposited, extremely fine-grained Eocene strata that probably represent two sequences deposited in a deep (>200 m) basin; to (2) highly dissected Oligocene (two very thin sequences) to lower Miocene (three thin sequences) with a long hiatus; to (3) a thick, rapidly deposited (43–73 m/Ma), very fine-grained, biosiliceous middle Miocene (16.5–14 Ma) section divided into three sequences (V5–V3) deposited in middle neritic paleoenvironments; to (4) a 4.5-Ma-long hiatus (12.8–8.3 Ma); to (5) sandy, shelly upper Miocene to Pliocene strata (8.3–2.0 Ma) divided into six sequences deposited in shelf and shoreface environments; and, last, to (6) a sandy middle Pleistocene paralic sequence (~400 ka). The Eyreville cores thus record the filling of a deep impact-generated basin where the timing of sequence boundaries is heavily influenced by eustasy.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(33)","usgsCitation":"Browning, J.V., Miller, K.G., McLaughlin, P.P., Edwards, L.E., Kulpecz, A.A., Powars, D.S., Wade, B.S., Feigenson, M.D., and Wright, J.D., 2009, Integrated sequence stratigraphy of the postimpact sediments from the Eyreville core holes, Chesapeake Bay impact structure inner basin: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 458, p. 775-810, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(33).","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"810","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e10ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Browning, James V.","contributorId":22635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browning","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Kenneth G.","contributorId":14260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, Peter P. Jr.","contributorId":58149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"Peter","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Edwards, Lucy E. 0000-0003-4075-3317 leedward@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4075-3317","contributorId":2647,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Edwards","given":"Lucy","email":"leedward@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kulpecz, Andrew A.","contributorId":92117,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kulpecz","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Powars, David S. 0000-0002-6787-8964 dspowars@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6787-8964","contributorId":1181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Powars","given":"David","email":"dspowars@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wade, Bridget S.","contributorId":39653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wade","given":"Bridget","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Feigenson, Mark D.","contributorId":35198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feigenson","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wright, James D.","contributorId":77807,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70003483,"text":"70003483 - 2009 - Petrographic and geochemical comparisons between the lower crystalline basement-derived section and the granite megablock and amphibolite megablock of the Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-12T18:09:49.721245","indexId":"70003483","displayToPublicDate":"2011-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3459,"text":"Special Paper of the Geological Society of America","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Petrographic and geochemical comparisons between the lower crystalline basement-derived section and the granite megablock and amphibolite megablock of the Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA","docAbstract":"The Eyreville B core from the Chesapeake Bay impact structure, Virginia, USA, contains a lower basement-derived section (1551.19 m to 1766.32 m deep) and two megablocks of dominantly (1) amphibolite (1376.38 m to 1389.35 m deep) and (2) granite (1095.74 m to 1371.11 m deep), which are separated by an impactite succession. Metasedimentary rocks (muscovite-quartz-plagioclase-biotite-graphite ± fibrolite ± garnet ± tourmaline ± pyrite ± rutile ± pyrrhotite mica schist, hornblende-plagioclase-epidote-biotite-K-feldspar-quartz-titanite-calcite amphibolite, and vesuvianite-plagioclase-quartz-epidote calc-silicate rock) are dominant in the upper part of the lower basement-derived section, and they are intruded by pegmatitic to coarse-grained granite (K-feldspar-plagioclase-quartz-muscovite ± biotite ± garnet) that increases in volume proportion downward. The granite megablock contains both gneissic and weakly or nonfoliated biotite granite varieties (K-feldspar-quartz-plagioclase-biotite ± muscovite ± pyrite), with small schist xenoliths consisting of biotite-plagioclase-quartz ± epidote ± amphibole.
The lower basement-derived section and both megablocks exhibit similar middle- to upper-amphibolite-facies metamorphic grades that suggest they might represent parts of a single terrane. However, the mica schists in the lower basement-derived sequence and in the megablock xenoliths show differences in both mineralogy and whole-rock chemistry that suggest a more mafic source for the xenoliths. Similarly, the mineralogy of the amphibolite in the lower basement-derived section and its association with calc-silicate rock suggest a sedimentary protolith, whereas the bulk-rock and mineral chemistry of the megablock amphibolite indicate an igneous protolith. The lower basement-derived granite also shows bulk chemical and mineralogical differences from the megablock gneissic and biotite granites.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2458(13)","usgsCitation":"Townsend, G.N., Gibson, R.L., Horton, J., Reimold, W.U., Schmitt, R.T., and Bartosova, K., 2009, Petrographic and geochemical comparisons between the lower crystalline basement-derived section and the granite megablock and amphibolite megablock of the Eyreville B core, Chesapeake Bay impact structure, USA: Special Paper of the Geological Society of America, v. 458, p. 255-275, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2458(13).","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"255","endPage":"275","costCenters":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Chesapeake Bay basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -74.7509765625,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 38.44498466889473\n ],\n [\n -76.9482421875,\n 36.70365959719456\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"458","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db6877eb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Townsend, Gabrielle N.","contributorId":39510,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Townsend","given":"Gabrielle","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gibson, Roger L.","contributorId":106252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gibson","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347451,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Horton, J. Wright Jr. 0000-0001-6756-6365 whorton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6756-6365","contributorId":423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horton","given":"J. Wright","suffix":"Jr.","email":"whorton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347446,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Reimold, Wolf Uwe","contributorId":87279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reimold","given":"Wolf","email":"","middleInitial":"Uwe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347450,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmitt, Ralf T.","contributorId":77290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmitt","given":"Ralf","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bartosova, Katerina","contributorId":33045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartosova","given":"Katerina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347447,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}