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,{"id":70007034,"text":"70007034 - 2001 - Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-06-27T09:30:38","indexId":"70007034","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T09:12:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Forum on the Environment, Anchorage, Alaska","conferenceTitle":"Alaska Forum on the Environment","conferenceLocation":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks, AK","language":"English","publisher":"Alaska Forum on the Environment","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","collaboration":"None","usgsCitation":"York, G.S., Becker, P., and Thorsteinson, L.K., 2001, Alaska Marine Mammal Tissue Archival Project.","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289120,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 172.5,51.2 ], [ 172.5,71.4 ], [ -130.0,71.4 ], [ -130.0,51.2 ], [ 172.5,51.2 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7625e4b0abf75cf2bea3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"York, Geoff S.","contributorId":83842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"York","given":"Geoff","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, P.R.","contributorId":101035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184368,"text":"70184368 - 2001 - Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T10:26:05","indexId":"70184368","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice","docAbstract":"<p><span>The US and former USSR conducted joint surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice and at land haul-outs in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. One of the difficulties in interpreting results of these surveys has been that, except for the 1990 survey, the Americans and Soviets used different methods for estimating population size from their respective portions of the sea ice data. We used data exchanged between Soviet and American scientists to compare and evaluate the two estimation procedures and to derive a set of alternative estimates from the 1975, 1980, and 1985 surveys based on a single consistent procedure. Estimation method had only a small effect on total population estimates because most walruses were found at land haul-outs. However, the Soviet method is subject to bias that depends on the distribution of the population on the sea ice and this has important implications for interpreting the ice portions of previously reported surveys for walruses and other pinniped species. We recommend that the American method be used in future surveys. Future research on survey methods for walruses should focus on other potential sources of bias and variation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Gilbert, J.R., and Fedoseev, G.A., 2001, Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice: Marine Mammal Science, v. 17, no. 3, p. 601-616, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"616","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -190.634765625,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.423828125,\n              73.07384351277217\n            ],\n            [\n              -190.634765625,\n              73.07384351277217\n            ],\n            [\n              -190.634765625,\n              65.62202261510642\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedoseev, Gennadii A.","contributorId":187659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedoseev","given":"Gennadii","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70187728,"text":"70187728 - 2001 - Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:51:28","indexId":"70187728","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"subseriesTitle":"NIST 6735","title":"Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs","docAbstract":"<p>Archiving biological and environmental samples for retrospective analysis is a major component of systematic environmental monitoring. The long-term storage of carefully selected, representative samples in an environmental specimen bank is an important complement to the real-time monitoring of the environment. These archived samples permit:</p><ol><li>The use of subsequently developed innovative analytical technology that was not available at the time the samples were archived, for clear state-of-art identification an~ quantification of analytes of interest,</li><li>The identification and quantification of analytes that are of subsequent interest but that were not of interest at the time the samples were archived, and</li><li>The comparison of present and past analytical techniques and values, providing continued credibility of past analytical values, and allowing flexibility in environmental monitoring programs.</li></ol><p>Seabirds, including albatrosses, pelicans, cormorants, terns, kittiwakes, murres, guillemots, and puffins spend most of their lives at sea and have special adaptations for feeding in the marine environment, including the ability to excrete the excess salt obtained from ingesting seawater. Many species nest in dense groups (colonies) on steep, precipitous sea-cliffs and headlands.</p><p>Seabirds are long-lived and slow to mature. They occupy high positions in the marine food web and are considered sensitive indicators for the marine environment (prey includes krill, small fish, and squid). Breeding success, timing of nesting, diets, and survival rates may provide early indications of changing environmental conditions (e.g., see Hatch et aI., 1993). Chemical analysis of seabird tissues, including egg contents, can be particularly useful in determining whether contaminants (and potential biological effects) associated with human industrial activities, such as offshore petroleum and mineral exploration and development, are accumulating in marine environments. The collection and archival of seabird tissues over a period of several years will be a resource for future analyses, providing samples that can be used to determine historical baseline contaminant levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","usgsCitation":"Weston-York, G., Porter, B.J., Pugh, R.S., Roseneau, D.G., Simac, K.S., Becker, P.R., Thorsteinson, L.K., and Wise, S.A., 2001, Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs, v, 23 p.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nist.gov/publications/seabird-tissue-archival-and-monitoring-project-protocols-collecting-and-banking-seabird"}],"publicComments":"NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) - 6735","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weston-York, Geoff","contributorId":139571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston-York","given":"Geoff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, Barbara J.","contributorId":81746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugh, Rebecca S.","contributorId":11826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseneau, David G.","contributorId":73394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roseneau","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Becker, Paul R.","contributorId":27309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wise, Stephen A.","contributorId":64503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wise","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70023058,"text":"70023058 - 2001 - Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-11T12:49:54","indexId":"70023058","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3359,"text":"Scientific World Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.","docAbstract":"There is much interest in the relationship of atmospheric nitrogen (N) inputs to ecosystem outputs as an indicator of possible \"nitrogen saturation\" by human activity. Longer-term, ecosystem-level mass balance studies suggest that the relationship is not clear and that other ecosystem processes may dominate variation in N outputs. We have been studying small, forested watershed ecosystems in five northern watersheds for periods up to 35 years. Here I summarize the research on ecosystem processes and the N budget. During the past 2 decades, average wet-precipitation N inputs ranged from about 0.1 to 6 kg N ha(-1) year(-1) among sites. In general, sites with the lowest N inputs had the highest output-to-input ratios. In the Alaska watersheds, streamwater N output exceeded inputs by 70 to 250%. The ratio of mean monthly headwater nitrate (NO3-) concentration to precipitation NO3- concentration declined with increased precipitation concentration. A series of ecosystem processes have been studied and related to N outputs. The most important appear to be seasonal change in hydrologic flowpath, soil freezing, seasonal forest-floor inorganic N pools resulting from over-winter mineralization beneath the snowpack, spatial variation in watershed forest-floor inorganic N pools, the degree to which snowmelt percolates soils, and gross soil N mineralization rates.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Scientific World Journal","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Hindawi Publishong","doi":"10.1100/tsw.2001.328","issn":"1537744X","usgsCitation":"Stottlemyer, R., 2001, Ecosystem processes and nitrogen export in northern U.S. watersheds.: Scientific World Journal, v. 1, no. Suppl 2, p. 581-588, https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.328.","startPage":"581","endPage":"588","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":479009,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.328","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233550,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269041,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1100/tsw.2001.328"}],"volume":"1","issue":"Suppl 2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a059fe4b0c8380cd50e9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stottlemyer, R.","contributorId":44493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stottlemyer","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395995,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70180468,"text":"70180468 - 2001 - Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180468,"text":"70180468 - 2001 - Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","indexId":"70180468","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T21:03:50.009945","indexId":"70180468","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"subseriesTitle":"1633","title":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p><span>Recent mapping and interpretation of Quaternary geologic features has improved our understanding of the interaction between volcanic, glacial, and tectonic activity in the Cold Bay and False Pass 1:250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula. The glacial and volcanic record of the map area strongly suggests that continental-shelf glaciations and two massive volcanic centers were the dominant controls over landscape development during Pleistocene time. Ancestral Morzhovoi and Emmons Volcanoes were major impediments to flow of shelf glaciers during much of the Pleistocene. Our mapping suggests that the area around Emmons Volcano may have also been an important source area for glaciers during this period. Our data further indicate that Frosty Volcano developed late in the Pleistocene, having had no apparent impact on early Brooks Lake glacial advances but serving as a source area for later glacial advances during late Brooks Lake time. We also believe that major Holocene eruptions of Frosty Volcano have yielded multiple debris and ash flows resulting in the construction of a new south summit cone that filled an earlier crater. Frosty Volcano was the source area for multiple Holocene glacial advances, and its flanks preserve the best record of Neoglacial activity in the map area.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70180468","usgsCitation":"Wilson, F.H., and Weber, F.R., 2001, Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180468.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"51","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334364,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/pp1633_report.pdf#page=59","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula, Cold Bay quadrangle, False Pass quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -153.72070312499997,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.060546875,\n              58.768200159239576\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.609375,\n              56.70450561416937\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.388671875,\n              55.32914440840507\n            ],\n            [\n              -162.158203125,\n              54.67383096593114\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.85156249999997,\n              55.97379820507658\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.6328125,\n              58.722598828043374\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.72070312499997,\n              59.17592824927136\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weber, Florence R.","contributorId":17621,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weber","given":"Florence","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70182053,"text":"70182053 - 2001 - Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:03:07","indexId":"70182053","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3551,"text":"The Condor","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup","docAbstract":"<p><span>We studied nutrient reserve dynamics of female Lesser Scaup (</span><i>Aythya affinis</i><span>) to identify sources of intraspecific variation in strategies of nutrient acquisition for meeting the high nutritional and energetic costs of egg formation. We collected data from interior Alaska and combined these with data for Lesser Scaup from midcontinent breeding areas (</span><a class=\"ref\" onclick=\"popRef2('i0010-5422-103-4-810-Afton2','','','' ); return false;\">Afton and Ankney 1991</a><span>), allowing a rangewide analysis for the species. We found little evidence that nutrient reserve use differed between Alaskan and midcontinent Lesser Scaup, except that subarctic birds used a small amount of protein reserves when forming eggs, whereas midcontinent birds did not. Mineral reserves contributed relatively little to the clutch, but endogenous lipid accounted for approximately two-thirds of the lipid in the clutch. Levels of endogenous lipid and protein at initiation of clutch formation declined with date of initiation. Also, absolute amounts of lipid and protein reserves used declined through the season, corresponding to smaller clutch sizes. Our data are consistent with a seasonally variable threshold of lipid reserves for initiation of clutch formation and considerable reliance on lipid reserves, suggestive of lipid control of productivity via effects on clutch size and initiation dates. However, our data cannot refute the hypothesis that clutch size or initiation dates are set by other factors that in turn dictate the amount of lipid reserves that are stored and used. Despite uncertainty regarding the role of nutrient limitations on productivity, maintenance of adequate food resources on winter, migration, and breeding areas should be a management concern, given the high costs of clutch formation by Lesser Scaup, evidence of recent population declines, and potential links between nutrition and productivity.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Cooper Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0810:IVINRU]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Esler, D., Grand, J.B., and Afton, A.D., 2001, Intraspecific variation in nutrient reserve use during clutch formation by Lesser Scaup: The Condor, no. 103, https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0810:IVINRU]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","endPage":"810","numberOfPages":"820","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478864,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1650/0010-5422(2001)103[0810:ivinru]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":335602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","issue":"103","edition":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58a57702e4b057081a24ee5f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esler, Daniel 0000-0001-5501-4555 desler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5501-4555","contributorId":5465,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esler","given":"Daniel","email":"desler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12437,"text":"Simon Fraser University, Centre for Wildlife Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":669404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grand, J. Barry 0000-0002-3576-4567 barry_grand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3576-4567","contributorId":579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grand","given":"J.","email":"barry_grand@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Barry","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":669405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":669406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","indexId":"70180476","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T16:07:02","indexId":"70180476","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1633","title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>","docAbstract":"<p><span>The lower Paleozoic (Silurian and Ordovician) carbonate stratal succession is divided into six unnamed stratigraphic units in the northern part of the Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle of southwestern Alaska. Several of these units have previously been recognized in the McGrath and Medfra quadrangles to the northeast in strata of the Nixon Fork subterrane of the Farewell terrane (Decker and others, 1994 ). These rocks occur along the south side of a prominent east-west-trending anticlinoria! axis exposed slightly to the north in the Sleetmute A-2 1:63,360-scale quadrangle. Rocks of the Nixon Fork subterrane are now thought to represent a continental margin sequence rifted from Siberia. The low thermal alteration indices exhibited by the rocks of this area have elicited interest for petroleum exploration. However, low total organic carbon (TOC) values from potential source rocks within this lower Paleozoic succession indicate low petroleum potential.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999 (Professional Paper 1633)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70180476","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R., and Wilson, F.H., 2001, Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in <i>Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999</i>: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180476.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/pp1633_report.pdf#page=81","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70186817,"text":"70186817 - 2001 - Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:36:43","indexId":"70186817","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring","docAbstract":"<p>In 1991, the National Park Service (NPS) selected seven parks to serve as prototypes for development of a long-term ecological monitoring program. Denali National Park and Preserve was one of the prototype parks selected. The principal focus of this national program was to detect and document resource changes and to understand the forces driving those changes. One of the major tasks of each prototype park was to develop monitoring protocols. In this paper, we discuss some lessons learned and what we believe to be the most important features of protocols.</p><p>One of the many lessons we have learned is that monitoring protocols vary greatly in content and format. This variation leads to confusion about what information protocols should contain and how they should be formatted. Problems we have observed in existing protocols include (1) not providing enough detail, (2) omitting critical topics (such as data management), and (3) mixing explanation with instructions. Once written, protocols often sit on the shelf to collect dust, allowing methods changes to occur without being adequately considered, tested, or documented. Because a lengthy and costly research effort is often needed to develop protocols, a vision of what the final product should look like is helpful. Based on our involvement with the prototype monitoring program for Denali (Oakley and Boudreau 2000), we recommend key features of protocols, including a scheme for linking protocols to data in the data management system and for tracking protocol revisions. A protocol system is crucial for producing long-term data sets of known quality that meet program objectives. </p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crossing boundaries in park management: Proceedings of the 11th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: On the Ground, In the Mind, Among Discipline (2001 George Wright Society Conference)","conferenceDate":"April 16-20, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"Oakley, K.L., Boudreau, S.L., and Humphrey, S., 2001, Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring, <i>in</i> Crossing boundaries in park management: Proceedings of the 11th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands, Denver, CO, April 16-20, 2001, p. 415-419.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"419","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2001"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ede48fe4b0eed1ab8c74d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudreau, Susan L.","contributorId":190772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boudreau","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Humphrey, Sioux-Z","contributorId":190773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphrey","given":"Sioux-Z","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023363,"text":"70023363 - 2001 - Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:35:40","indexId":"70023363","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh","docAbstract":"1. We studied the effects of lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on two salt marsh plant communities in Cook Inlet, Alaska, a stopover area used during spring migration. From 1995 to 1997 we compared plant species composition and biomass on plots where geese were excluded from feeding with paired plots where foraging could occur. 2. Foraging intensity was low (650-1930 goose-days km-2) compared to other goose-grazing systems. 3. Canada geese fed mainly on above-ground shoots of Triglochin maritimum, Puccinellia spp. and Carex ramenskii, whereas the majority of the snow goose diet consisted of below-ground tissues of Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritimum. 4. Plant communities responded differently to goose herbivory. In the sedge meadow community, where feeding was primarily on above-ground shoots, there was no effect of grazing on the dominant species Carex ramenskii and Triglochin maritimum. In the herb meadow community, where snow geese fed on Plantago maritima roots and other below-ground tissues, there was a difference in the relative abundance of plant species between treatments. Biomass of Plantago maritima and Potentilla egedii was lower on grazed plots compared with exclosed, whereas biomass of Carex ramenskii was greater on grazed plots. There was no effect of herbivory on total standing crop biomass in either community. The variable effect of herbivory on Carex ramenskii between communities suggests that plant neighbours and competitive interactions are important factors in a species' response to herbivory. In addition, the type of herbivory (above- or below-ground) was important in determining plant community response to herbivory. 5. Litter accumulation was reduced in grazed areas compared with exclosed in both communities. Trampling of the previous year's litter into the soil surface by geese incorporated more litter into soils in grazed areas. 6. This study illustrates that even light herbivore pressure can alter plant communities and affect forage availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Hupp, J.W., and Ruess, R.W., 2001, Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh: Journal of Ecology, v. 89, no. 1, p. 57-71, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478913,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x"},{"id":232244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0760e4b0c8380cd5167a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70184377,"text":"70184377 - 2001 - The Great Auk [Book review]","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-08T11:34:24","indexId":"70184377","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2675,"text":"Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation","onlineIssn":"2074-1235","printIssn":"1018-3337","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Great Auk [Book review]","docAbstract":"<p>Human obsession with the Great Auk or Garefowl <i>Pinguinus impennis</i> is what this book is about, and it further fuels the fire of our fascination. As Fuller concludes in his introduction: ‘The Great Auk, large and plump, has tempted man since the dawn of history. Whatever the precise reasons for its hold on his imagination, it is a hold that has lasted, and even 150 years after the bird’s apparent demise, the grip seems as powerful as ever.’ </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pacific Seabird Group","usgsCitation":"Piatt, J.F., 2001, The Great Auk [Book review]: Marine Ornithology: Journal of Seabird Research and Conservation, v. 29, no. 1, p. 65-66.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"65","endPage":"66","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337049,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337048,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.marineornithology.org/cgi-bin/getpage.cgi?vol=29&no=1","text":"Volume 21, Number 1 on Journal's Website"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70023662,"text":"70023662 - 2001 - Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023662","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska","docAbstract":"The last interglacial period is thought to be the last time global climate was significantly warmer than present. New stratigraphic studies at Eva Creek, near Fairbanks, Alaska indicate a complex last interglacial record wherein periods of loess deposition alternated with periods of soil formation. The Eva Forest Bed appears to have formed about the time of or after deposition of the Old Crow tephra (dated to ??? 160 to ??? 120 ka), and is therefore correlated with the last interglacial period. Pollen, macrofossils, and soils from the Eva Forest Bed indicate that boreal forest was the dominant vegetation and precipitation may have been greater than present around Fairbanks during the peak of the last interglacial period. A new compilation of last interglacial localities indicates that boreal forest was extensive over interior Alaska and Yukon Territory. Boreal forest also extended beyond its present range onto the Seward and Baldwin Peninsulas, and probably migrated to higher elevations, now occupied by tundra, in the interior. Comparison of last interglacial pollen and macrofossil data with atmospheric general circulation model results shows both agreement and disagreement. Model results of warmer-than-present summers are in agreement with fossil data. However, numerous localities with boreal forest records are in conflict with model reconstructions of an extensive cool steppe in interior Alaska and much of Yukon Territory during the last interglacial. ?? 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Quaternary Science Reviews","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3","issn":"02773791","usgsCitation":"Muhs, D., Ager, T.A., and Beget, J.E., 2001, Vegetation and paleoclimate of the last interglacial period, central Alaska: Quaternary Science Reviews, v. 20, no. 1-3, p. 41-61, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3.","startPage":"41","endPage":"61","numberOfPages":"21","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207521,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0277-3791(00)00132-3"},{"id":232540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc1cce4b08c986b32a77d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Muhs, D.R. 0000-0001-7449-251X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7449-251X","contributorId":61460,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Muhs","given":"D.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ager, T. A.","contributorId":88386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ager","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Beget, J. E.","contributorId":63392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beget","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":2002786,"text":"2002786 - 2001 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:26","indexId":"2002786","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling","docAbstract":"<p>Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports of their presence in Glacier Bay in 1993. Since 1995, the number of sea otters in Glacier Bay proper has increased from about 5 to more than 500. Between 1993 and 1997 sea otters were apparently only occasional visitors to Glacier Bay, but in 1998 long-term residence was established as indicated by the presence of adult females and their dependent pups. Sea otter distribution is limited to the Lower Bay, south of Sandy Cove, and is not continuous within that area. Concentration occur in the vicinity of Sita Reef and Boulder Island and between Pt. Carolus and Rush Pt. on the west side of the Bay (Figure 1). We describe the diet of sea otters in Glacier Bay and south Icy Strait through visual observations of prey during &gt;4,000 successful forage dives. In 2,399 successful foraging dives observed in Glacier Bay proper, diet consisted of 40% clam, 21% urchins, 18% mussel, 4% crab, 5% other and 12% unidentified. Most prey recovered by sea otters are commercially, socially, or ecological important species. Species of clam are primarily <i>Saxidomus gigantea</i>, <i>Protothaca staminea</i>, and <i>Serripes groenlandicus</i>. Urchins are primarily <i>Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis</i> while both mussles, <i>Modiolus modiolus</i> and <i>Mytilus trossulus</i>, are taken. Crabs include species of Cancer, Chinoecetes, Paralithodes, and Telmessus. Although we characterize diet at broad geographic scales, we found diet to vary between sites separated by as little as several hundred meters. Dietary variation among and within sites can reflect differences in prey availability and individual choice.</p><p>We estimated species composition, density, biomass, and sizes of intertidal clams at 59 sites in Glacier Bay, 14 sites in Idaho Inlet, 12 sites in Port Althorp and 2 sites in Dundas Bay. There is no direct evidence of otter foraging at any of our clam sampling sites except at Port Althorp where sea otters have been present for &gt;20 years and regularly forage intertidally. There is some indication of intertidal foraging in Idaho Inlet, based on reduced mean size of preferred clam species. Sea otters have been present in Idaho Inlet for at least 12 years. We sampled 48 systematically selected sites to allow inference throughout Glacier Bay intertidal areas and 12 preferred habitat intertidal sites to estimate maximum clam densities in the Bay. We also sampled 14 and 12 random sites in Idaho Inlet and Port Althorp, respectively, to provide contrast between sites with and without sea otters. Densities and biomass of intertidal clams were greater in the Lower Bay than either the East or West Arms. Mean densities (#/0.25m<sup>2</sup>) of all species of clams &gt; 10.0 mm total length were 96.5 at preferred sites, 32.8 in the Lower Bay, 12.2 in the East Arm, 6.6 in the West Arm, 11.32 at Port Althorp and 27.1 at Idaho Inlet. Clam densities were lower in the Upper Arms of Glacier Bay, compared to the Lower Bay and were similar to densities at Port Althorp. In the Lower Bay, clam densities were nearly twice as high at preferred clam sites compared to those systematically sampled. Species of Macoma were the numerically dominant intertidal clam at most sites in Glacier Bay, while <i>Protothaca staminea</i> was dominant at Idaho Inlet and Port Althorp. Biomas (g/0.25m<sup>2</sup>) was higher in the Lower Bay (23.5) than either Arm (2.1 and .91) and higher at preferred sites (73.4) than systematically selected sites in Glacier Bay. Biomass estimates at Port Althorp were 5.2 and 9.7 at Idaho Inlet. Biomass estimates were dominated by species of <i>Saxidomus</i>, <i>Protothaca</i> and <i>Mya</i> in Glacier Bay and by <i>Protothaca</i> and <i>Saxidomus</i> at Idaho Inlet and Port Althrop. We suspect differences in density and biomass relate to habitat differences between areas within Glacier Bay</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and DeGroot, J., 2001, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGroot, J.D.","contributorId":98844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGroot","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70182763,"text":"70182763 - 2001 - Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T14:18:27","indexId":"70182763","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise","docAbstract":"<p><span>We measured surface elevations, stage of annual peak flooding, and sedimentation along 10 toposequences across coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta in western Alaska during 1994-1998 to assess some of the physical processes affecting ecosystem distribution. An ecotype was assigned to each of 566 points, and differences in elevations among 24 ecotypes were analyzed within individual toposequences and across the 40 x 40-km study area. Elevations of vegetated ecotypes along the longest toposequence rose only ~1 m over a distance of 7.5 km, and mean elevations of most ecotype across the study area were within 0.5 m of mean higher-high water (1.47 m). During 1994 to 1998, monitoring of annual peak stage using crest gauges revealed flooding from the highest fall storm surge reached 2.58 m (1.11 m above mean higher-high tide). In each year, only the highest surface was unaffected by flooding. Mean annual sedimentation rates for the various ecotypes were 8.0 ram/y on tidal flats, 1.4 to 3.8 mm/y on the active floodplain, 0.1-0.2 mm/y on the inactive floodplain, and 0 mm/ on the abandoned floodplain. If sea levels in the Bering Sea rise ~0.5 m by 2100, as predicted by some on a global basis, large portions of the coastal margin of the delta could be regularly inundated by water during high tides, and even the highest ecotypes could be affected by storm surges. Predicting the extent of future inundation is difficult, however, because of the changes in the ground-surface elevation through sedimentation, organic matter accumulation, and permafrost development.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, T., and Ely, C.R., 2001, Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 124-136.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336822,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jcronline.org/loi/coas?code=cerf-site","text":"Journal Archive"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -166.25,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              61\n            ],\n            [\n              -165,\n              61.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.25,\n              61.6\n            ],\n            [\n              -166.25,\n              61\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Torre","contributorId":45380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":675148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":675149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023664,"text":"70023664 - 2001 - Evolution of the December 14, 1989 precursory long-period event swarm at Redoubt volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:12","indexId":"70023664","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evolution of the December 14, 1989 precursory long-period event swarm at Redoubt volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"The intermittency pattern and evolution in waveforms of long-period (LP) seismic events during the intense, 23-h swarm that preceded the December 14, 1989 eruption of Redoubt volcano are investigated. Utilizing cross correlation to exploit the high degree of similarity among waveforms, a substantially more complete event catalog is generated than was available from near realtime detection based on short-term/long-term amplitude ratios, which was saturated by the high rate of activity. The temporal magnitude distribution of the predominant LP events is found to have an unusual banded structure in which the average magnitude of each band slowly increases and then decreases through time. A bifurcation that appears in the uppermost band shortly after the peak in magnitudes is characterized by a quasi-periodicity in intermittency and magnitude that is reminiscent of one of the classic routes to chaotic behavior in some non-linear systems. The waveforms of the predominant events evolve slowly but unsteadily through time. These gradual changes appear to result from variations in the relative amplitudes of spectral peaks that remain stable in frequency, which suggests that they are due to differential excitation of a single, resonant source. Two other previously unrecognized, repetitive waveforms are also identified, but the signals from these secondary events are not clearly recorded at distances beyond the closest station. Similarities among the spectra of the predominant and secondary events suggest that the signals from these events also could represent different modes of exciting the same source. Significant changes in the rates and the sizes of the largest of these secondary events appear to coincide with the peak in the size distribution of the predominant LPs. At least some of the non-repetitive LP waveforms in the swarm appear to be the result of the superposition of signals from the rapid repetition of predominant LP source, thus placing a constraint on the repeat time of the triggering mechanism for this source. A lone hybrid event, which has a waveform character intermediate between the predominant LP events and high-frequency volcano-tectonic events, was also identified in the swarm; the occurrence of this event provides important evidence that the low-frequency character of the LP events is a source rather than a path or site effect. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00308-5","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Stephens, C., and Chouet, B., 2001, Evolution of the December 14, 1989 precursory long-period event swarm at Redoubt volcano, Alaska: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 109, no. 1-3, p. 133-148, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00308-5.","startPage":"133","endPage":"148","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207542,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0377-0273(00)00308-5"},{"id":232578,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"109","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d88e4b0c8380cd5308b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stephens, C.D.","contributorId":18752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephens","given":"C.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chouet, B. A.","contributorId":31813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chouet","given":"B. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70184694,"text":"70184694 - 2001 - The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T16:27:56","indexId":"70184694","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review","docAbstract":"<p>This issue of Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries contains six papers addressing several critical aspects of hybridization in fishes and aquatic organisms. Hybridization is a phenomenon long recognized in fishes (Hubbs, 1920, 1955; Schwarz, 1981), as well as in other plant and vertebrate taxa, despite some rather dogmatic proclamations to the contrary, e.g., comments made by David Starr Jordan at the beginning of the 20th century that the species “line” is rarely crossed in fishes (Clark Hubbs, personal communication). Since that time, interspecific genetic introgression has been well documented in many fish genera and species: Barbus (Berrebi and CattaneoBerrebi, 1993); Cyprinodon (Echelle and Connor, 1989; Dowling and DeMarais, 1993); Gambusia (Hubbs, 1959; Scribner and Avise, 1994); Esox (Wahl and Stein, 1993); Lepomis (Avise et al., 1984); Luxilus (Duvernell and Aspinwall, 1995); Morone (Harrell et al., 1993); Notropis (Dowling et al., 1989; Dowling and Hoeh, 1991); Oncorhynchus (Busack and Gall, 1981; Campton and Utter, 1985; Loudenslager et al., 1986; Leary et al., 1987; Forbes and Allendorf, 1991; Dowling and Childs, 1992); Salmo (Nyman, 1970; Wilkins et al., 1993; Giuffra et al., 1996; Hartley, 1996; Perez et al., 1999); Salvalinus (Hammar et al., 1991; Bernatchez et al., 1995; Baxter et al., 1997; Glemet et al., 1998; Wilson and Bernatchez, 1998); Sebastes (Seeb, 1988); Stizostedion (Billington et al., 1988). See also reviews in Campton (1987), Verspoor and Hammar (1991), Smith (1992), and Scribner et al. (2000). More recently, a number of investigations have documented not only first generation hybrids, but also subsequent generation introgressant hybrids (Bartley et al., 1990; Verspoor and Hammar, 1991). As a result, our views about species typology and hybrids continue to change.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1016729132297","usgsCitation":"Epifanio, J., and Nielsen, J.L., 2001, The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 10, no. 3, p. 245-251, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016729132297.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c946e4b0f37a93ee9b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epifanio, John","contributorId":139202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epifanio","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023358,"text":"70023358 - 2001 - Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T18:20:11.277964","indexId":"70023358","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stock structure of sea otters (<i>Enhydra lutris kenyoni</i>) in Alaska","title":"Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sea otters in Alaska are recognized as a single subspecies (</span><i>Enhydra lutris kenyoni</i><span>) and currently managed as a single, interbreeding population. However, geographic and behavioral mechanisms undoubrably constrain sea otter movements on much smaller scales. This paper applies the phylogeographic method (Dizon&nbsp;</span><i>et al</i><span>. 1992) and considers distribution, population response, phenotype and genotype data to identify stocks of sea otters within Alaska. The evidence for separate stock identity is genotypic (all stocks), phenotypic (Southcentral and Southwest stocks), and geographic distribution (Southeast stock), whereas population response data are equivocal (all stocks). Differences in genotype frequencies and the presence of unique genotypes among areas indicate restricted gene flow. Genetic exchange may be limited by little or no movement across proposed stock boundaries and discontinuities in distribution at proposed stock boundaries. Skull size differences (phenotypic) between Southwest and Southcentral Alaska populations further support stock separation. Population response information was equivocal in either supporting or refuting stock identity. On the basis of this review, we suggest the following: (1) a Southeast stock extending from Dixon Entrance to Cape Yakataga; (2) a Southcentral stock extending from Cape Yakataga to Cape Douglas including Prince William Sound and Kenai peninsula coast; and (3) a Southwest stock including Alaska Peninsula coast, the Aleutians to Attu Island, Barren, Kodiak, Pribilof Islands, and Bristol Bay.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01009.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Gorbics, C., and Bodkin, J.L., 2001, Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska: Marine Mammal Science, v. 17, no. 3, p. 632-647, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01009.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"647","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -129.75656945245078,\n              54.33642628169483\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.99976695139455,\n              64.02665335699373\n            ],\n            [\n              -180.16395806282878,\n              59.21348709793503\n            ],\n            [\n              -179.58666584584697,\n              51.101452268730185\n            ],\n            [\n              -129.75656945245078,\n              54.33642628169483\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9858e4b08c986b31bfb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorbics, C.S.","contributorId":23721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorbics","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70022743,"text":"70022743 - 2001 - Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T18:20:29","indexId":"70022743","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1598,"text":"Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance","docAbstract":"<p><span>Genetic markers that differ in mode of inheritance and rate of evolution (a sex-linked Z-specific microsatellite locus, five biparentally inherited microsatellite loci, and maternally inherited mitochondrial [mtDNA] sequences) were used to evaluate the degree of spatial genetic structuring at macro- and microgeographic scales, among breeding regions and local nesting populations within each region, respectively, for a migratory sea duck species, the spectacled eider (</span><i>Somateria fisheri</i><span>). Disjunct and declining breeding populations coupled with sex-specific differences in seasonal migratory patterns and life history provide a series of hypotheses regarding rates and directionality of gene flow among breeding populations from the Indigirka River Delta, Russia, and the North Slope and Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. The degree of differentiation in mtDNA haplotype frequency among breeding regions and populations within regions was high (ϕ</span><sub>CT</sub><span> = 0.189, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.01; ϕ</span><sub>SC</sub><span> = 0.059, </span><i>P</i><span> &lt; 0.01, respectively). Eleven of 17 mtDNA haplotypes were restricted to a single breeding region. Genetic differences among regions were considerably lower for nuclear DNA loci (sex-linked: ϕ</span><sub>ST</sub><span> = 0.001, </span><i>P</i><span> &gt; 0.05; biparentally inherited microsatellites: mean θ = 0.001, </span><i>P</i><span> &gt; 0.05) than was observed for mtDNA. Using models explicitly designed for uniparental and biparentally inherited genes, estimates of spatial divergence based on nuclear and mtDNA data together with elements of the species' breeding ecology were used to estimate effective population size and degree of male and female gene flow. Differences in the magnitude and spatial patterns of gene correlations for maternally inherited and nuclear genes revealed that females exhibit greater natal philopatry than do males. Estimates of generational female and male rates of gene flow among breeding regions differed markedly (3.67 × 10</span><sup>−4</sup><span> and 1.28 × 10</span><sup>−2</sup><span>, respectively). Effective population size for mtDNA was estimated to be at least three times lower than that for biparental genes (30,671 and 101,528, respectively). Large disparities in population sizes among breeding areas greatly reduces the proportion of total genetic variance captured by dispersal, which may accelerate rates of inbreeding (i.e., promote higher coancestries) within populations due to nonrandom pairing of males with females from the same breeding population.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Evolution","doi":"10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00143820","usgsCitation":"Scribner, K.T., Petersen, M.R., Fields, R.L., Talbot, S.L., Pearce, J.M., and Chesser, R.K., 2001, Sex-biased gene flow in spectacled eiders (Anatidae): Inferences from molecular markers with contrasting modes of inheritance: Evolution, v. 55, no. 10, p. 2105-2115, https://doi.org/10.1554/0014-3820(2001)055[2105:SBGFIS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2105","endPage":"2115","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":233748,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, Indigirka River Delta, North Slope [Alaska], Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska","volume":"55","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8daee4b08c986b3184d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scribner, Kim T.","contributorId":146113,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scribner","given":"Kim","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":16582,"text":"Department of Fisheries and Wildlife and Department of Zoology, 480 Wilson Rd. 13 Natural Resources Building, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":394743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fields, Raymond L.","contributorId":182354,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fields","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Talbot, Sandra L. 0000-0002-3312-7214 stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":140512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pearce, John M. 0000-0002-8503-5485 jpearce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8503-5485","contributorId":181766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pearce","given":"John","email":"jpearce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chesser, Ronald K.","contributorId":113098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chesser","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70023448,"text":"70023448 - 2001 - Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-14T18:05:27.442134","indexId":"70023448","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes","docAbstract":"Modeling of gravity and magnetic data shows that areally extensive mafic and ultramafic rocks of the western Brooks Range, Alaska, are at least 8 km thick, and that gabbro and ultramafic rocks underlie basalt in several places. The basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks have been considered parts of a far-traveled ophiolite assemblage. These rocks are the highest structural elements in the Brooks Range thrust belt and are thought to be hundreds of kilometers north of their origin. This requires these rocks to be thin klippen without geologic ties to the continental shelf sedimentary rocks that now surround them. The geophysically determined, thick and interleaved subsurface character of the basalt, gabbro, and ultramafic rocks is inconsistent with this interpretation. An origin within an extensional setting on the continental shelf could produce the required subsurface geometries and explain other perplexing characteristics of these rocks. Early Mesozoic Alaska, from the North Slope southward to the interior, may have had many irregular extensional basins on a broad, distal continental shelf. This original tectonic setting may apply elsewhere in Cordilleran-type margins where appropriate mafic and ultramafic analogs are present.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1151:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Saltus, R.W., Morin, R.L., and Hudson, T.L., 2001, Rooted Brooks Range ophiolite: Implications for Cordilleran terranes: Geology, v. 29, no. 12, p. 1151-1154, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<1151:RBROIF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1151","endPage":"1154","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232366,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Brooks Range","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65429687499997,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.65429687499997,\n              69.11561106499448\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              69.11561106499448\n            ],\n            [\n              -165.849609375,\n              66.60067571342496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae8be4b0c8380cd8710f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Saltus, R. W.","contributorId":85588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltus","given":"R.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hudson, T. L.","contributorId":13992,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70180943,"text":"70180943 - 2001 - Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:40:31","indexId":"70180943","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3547,"text":"The Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p><span>One hundred thirty-nine taxa of lichens including two lichen parasites are reported from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands in the Bering Sea. </span><i>Caloplaca lithophila</i><span> is new to Alaska. Wide-ranging arctic-alpine and boreal species dominate the lichens; a coastal element is moderately represented, while amphi-Beringian species form a minor element. 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W.","contributorId":179139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schofield, Wilfred B.","contributorId":97827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Wilfred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":1013434,"text":"1013434 - 2001 - Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-04T11:04:19","indexId":"1013434","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":693,"text":"Alces","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou","docAbstract":"<p>Recently, researchers emphasized that patterns of stable isotope ratios observed at the individual level are a result of an interaction between ecological, physiological, and biochemical processes. Isotopic models for herbivores provide additional complications because those mammals consume foods that have high variability in nitrogen concentrations. In addition, distribution of amino acids in plants may differ greatly from that required by a herbivore. At northern latitudes, where the growing season of vegetation is short, isotope ratios in herbivore tissues are expected to differ between seasons. Summer ratios likely reflect diet composition, whereas winter ratios would reflect diet and nutrient recycling by the animals. We tested this hypothesis using data collected from blood samples of caribou (<i>Rangifer tarandus</i>) and moose (<i>Alces alces</i>) in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska, USA. Stable isotope ratios of moose and caribou were significantly different from each other in late summer-autumn and winter. Also, late summer-autumn and winter ratios differed significantly between seasons in both species. Nonetheless, we were unable to evaluate whether differences in seasonal isotopic ratios were a result of diet selection or a response to nutrient recycling. We believe that additional studies on plant isotopic ratios as related to ecological factors in conjunction with investigations of diet selection by the herbivores will enhance our understanding of those interactions. Also, controlled studies investigating the relation between diet and physiological responses in herbivores will increase the utility of isotopic analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Lakehead University","publisherLocation":"Thunder Bay, Ontario","usgsCitation":"Ben-David, M., Shochat, E., and Adams, L., 2001, Utility of stable isotope analysis in studying foraging ecology of herbivores: Examples from moose and caribou: Alces, v. 37, no. 2, p. 421-434.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"421","endPage":"434","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":340766,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://flash.lakeheadu.ca/~arodgers/Alces/vol37b_2001.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Denali National Park and Preserve","volume":"37","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a14e4b07f02db602de4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ben-David, Merav","contributorId":190901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ben-David","given":"Merav","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":17842,"text":"University of Wyoming, Laramie","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shochat, Einav","contributorId":94261,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shochat","given":"Einav","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70170492,"text":"70170492 - 2001 - Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T16:40:27","indexId":"70170492","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations","docAbstract":"<p><span>Age structure and morphology differ among Pacific salmon (</span><i>Oncorhynchus</i><span>&nbsp;spp.) populations. Sexual selection and reproductive capacity (fecundity and egg size) generally favor large (old), deep-bodied fish. We hypothesized that natural selection from physical access to spawning grounds and size-biased predation by bears,&nbsp;</span><i>Ursus&nbsp;</i><span>spp., opposes such large, deep-bodied salmon. Accordingly, size and shape of salmon should vary predictably among spawning habitats. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the age composition and body depth of sockeye salmon,&nbsp;</span><i>Oncorhynchus nerka</i><span>, and the intensity of predation in a range of breeding habitats in southwestern Alaska. Stream width was positively correlated with age at maturity and negatively correlated with predation level. However, salmon spawning on lake beaches were not consistently old, indicating that different factors affect age in riverine- and beach-spawning populations. Body depths of male and female salmon were positively correlated with water depth across all sites, as predicted. However, the mouths of some streams were so shallow that they might select against large or deep-bodied salmon, even in the absence of bear predation. Taken together, the results indicated that habitat has direct and indirect effects (via predation) on life history and morphology of mature salmon.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z01-134","usgsCitation":"Quinn, T.P., Wetzel, L.A., Bishop, S., Overberg, K., and Rogers, D.E., 2001, Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, no. 10, p. 1782-1793, https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-134.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1782","endPage":"1793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -159.18365478515625,\n              59.842055288480076\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.34869384765625,\n              59.87101937875427\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.24432373046875,\n              59.83791550271824\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.46954345703125,\n              59.26026554911028\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.5931396484375,\n              59.21671729868123\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.90350341796875,\n              59.29113703426701\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.24407958984375,\n              59.356996036895836\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.25506591796872,\n              59.83239498760504\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.18365478515625,\n              59.842055288480076\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5719f9bbe4b071321fe22bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Susan","contributorId":168836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Overberg, Kristi","contributorId":168837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overberg","given":"Kristi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, Donald E.","contributorId":168838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70184294,"text":"70184294 - 2001 - Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:08:12","indexId":"70184294","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Mayfield method has been widely used for estimating survival of nests and young animals, especially when data are collected at irregular observation intervals. However, this method assumes survival is constant throughout the study period, which often ignores biologically relevant variation and may lead to biased survival estimates. We examined the bias and accuracy of 1 modification to the Mayfield method that allows for temporal variation in survival, and we developed and similarly tested 2 additional methods. One of these 2 new methods is simply an iterative extension of Klett and Johnson's method, which we refer to as the Iterative Mayfield method and bears similarity to Kaplan-Meier methods. The other method uses maximum likelihood techniques for estimation and is best applied to survival of animals in groups or families, rather than as independent individuals. We also examined how robust these estimators are to heterogeneity in the data, which can arise from such sources as dependent survival probabilities among siblings, inherent differences among families, and adoption. Testing of estimator performance with respect to bias, accuracy, and heterogeneity was done using simulations that mimicked a study of survival of emperor goose (<i>Chen canagica</i>) goslings. Assuming constant survival for inappropriately long periods of time or use of Klett and Johnson's methods resulted in large bias or poor accuracy (often &gt;5% bias or root mean square error) compared to our Iterative Mayfield or maximum likelihood methods. Overall, estimator performance was slightly better with our Iterative Mayfield than our maximum likelihood method, but the maximum likelihood method provides a more rigorous framework for testing covariates and explicity models a heterogeneity factor. We demonstrated use of all estimators with data from emperor goose goslings. We advocate that future studies use the new methods outlined here rather than the traditional Mayfield method or its previous modifications.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802905","usgsCitation":"Manly, B.F., and Schmutz, J.A., 2001, Estimation of brood and nest survival: Comparative methods in the presence of heterogeneity: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 2, p. 258-270, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802905.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"270","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486901,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2307/3802905","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":336914,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a05","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70023735,"text":"70023735 - 2001 - Estimating repeatability of egg size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:26:32.104479","indexId":"70023735","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating repeatability of egg size","docAbstract":"Measures of repeatability have long been used to assess patterns of variation in egg size within and among females. We compared different analytical approaches for estimating repeatability of egg size of Black Brant. Separate estimates of repeatability for eggs of each clutch size and laying sequence number varied from 0.49 to 0.64. We suggest that using the averaging egg size within clutches results in underestimation of variation within females and thereby overestimates repeatability. We recommend a nested design that partitions egg-size variation within clutches, among clutches within females, and among females. We demonstrate little variation in estimates of repeatability resulting from a nested model controlling for egg laying sequence and a nested model in which we assumed laying sequence was unknown.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0500:EROES]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Rockwell, R., and Sedinger, J., 2001, Estimating repeatability of egg size: The Auk, v. 118, no. 2, p. 500-503, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0500:EROES]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0500:eroes]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3fe4b0c8380cd52637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, R.F.","contributorId":22527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, J.S.","contributorId":75471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70023584,"text":"70023584 - 2001 - Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023584","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic","docAbstract":"The composition and distribution of ice-rafted glacial erratics in late Quaternary sediments define the major current systems of the Arctic Ocean and identify two distinct continental sources for the erratics. In the southern Amerasia basin up to 70% of the erratics are dolostones and limestones (the Amerasia suite) that originated in the carbonate-rich Paleozoic terranes of the Canadian Arctic Islands. These clasts reached the Arctic Ocean in glaciers and were ice-rafted to the core sites in the clockwise Beaufort Gyre. The concentration of erratics decreases northward by 98% along the trend of the gyre from southeastern Canada basin to Makarov basin. The concentration of erratics then triples across the Makarov basin flank of Lomonosov Ridge and siltstone, sandstone and siliceous clasts become dominant in cores from the ridge and the Eurasia basin (the Eurasia suite). The bedrock source for the siltstone and sandstone clasts is uncertain, but bedrock distribution and the distribution of glaciation in northern Eurasia suggest the Taymyr Peninsula-Kara Sea regions. The pattern of clast distribution in the Arctic Ocean sediments and the sharp northward decrease in concentration of clasts of Canadian Arctic Island provenance in the Amerasia basin support the conclusion that the modem circulation pattern of the Arctic Ocean, with the Beaufort Gyre dominant in the Amerasia basin and the Transpolar drift dominant in the Eurasia basin, has controlled both sea-ice and glacial iceberg drift in the Arctic Ocean during interglacial intervals since at least the late Pleistocene. The abruptness of the change in both clast composition and concentration on the Makarov basin flank of Lomonosov Ridge also suggests that the boundary between the Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift has been relatively stable during interglacials since that time. Because the Beaufort Gyre is wind-driven our data, in conjunction with the westerly directed orientation of sand dunes that formed during the last glacial maximum on the North Slope of Alaska, suggests that atmospheric circulation in the western Arctic during late Quaternary was similar to that of the present. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Phillips, R., and Grantz, A., 2001, Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic: Marine Geology, v. 172, no. 1-2, p. 91-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8.","startPage":"91","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207539,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8"},{"id":232574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a597e4b0e8fec6cdbe89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, A.","contributorId":60378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}