This is the second of two papers that describe how data mining can aid natural-resource managers with the difficult problem of controlling the interactions between hydrologic and man-made systems. Data mining is a new science that assists scientists in converting large databases into knowledge, and is uniquely able to leverage the large amounts of real-time, multivariate data now being collected for hydrologic systems. Part 1 gives a high-level overview of data mining, and describes several applications that have addressed major water resource issues in South Carolina. This Part 2 paper describes how various data mining methods are integrated to produce predictive models for controlling surface- and groundwater hydraulics and quality. The methods include: - signal processing to remove noise and decompose complex signals into simpler components; - time series clustering that optimally groups hundreds of signals into \"classes\" that behave similarly for data reduction and (or) divide-and-conquer problem solving; - classification which optimally matches new data to behavioral classes; - artificial neural networks which optimally fit multivariate data to create predictive models; - model response surface visualization that greatly aids in understanding data and physical processes; and, - decision support systems that integrate data, models, and graphics into a single package that is easy to use.
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Chesterfield County, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T12:07:58","indexId":"70156771","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow, Chesterfield County, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Chesterfield County is located in the north central part of South Carolina (SC) and is adjacent to the North Carolina border. The County lies along the Fall Line, the geologic boundary between the Atlantic Coastal Plain (ACP) and Piedmont physiographic provinces. Between 2000 and 2007, the population increased from 42,768 to 43,191 people (U.S. Census Bureau, 2007). Associated with this population growth is an increased demand for domestic, public, industrial, and agricultural water supplies. The ACP sediments underlying Chesterfield County contain abundant supplies of highquality groundwater (Newcome, 2004). The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Natural Resources is investigating the ACP groundwater resources of Chesterfield County. The initial task of the study is to establish a hydrologic data-collection network for the ACP part of the County. A groundwater-flow model and derived water budgets for the ACP aquifer that underlies most of the County will be constructed and calibrated later in the study. Both anthropogenic and natural groundwater contaminants that have been identified in the study area will be quantified and described as part of a companion study.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 13-14 2010","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"Clemson University Center for Watershed Excellence","usgsCitation":"Campbell, B.G., and Landmeyer, J., 2010, Development of a conceptual model of groundwater flow, Chesterfield County, South Carolina, in 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, South Carolina, October 13-14 2010, 4 p.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307644,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307643,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://tigerprints.clemson.edu/scwrc/2010/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","county":"Chesterfield County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-80.32,34.8137],[-80.2121,34.8121],[-79.9763,34.8089],[-79.9248,34.8084],[-79.9345,34.8027],[-79.9346,34.7977],[-79.9277,34.7681],[-79.9244,34.7645],[-79.9044,34.752],[-79.8945,34.7437],[-79.8864,34.7269],[-79.8781,34.7159],[-79.8723,34.694],[-79.8536,34.672],[-79.8408,34.6696],[-79.8298,34.6568],[-79.8175,34.659],[-79.8092,34.6511],[-79.7959,34.6478],[-79.7959,34.6456],[-79.7987,34.6429],[-79.8021,34.6402],[-79.7927,34.6337],[-79.7916,34.6324],[-79.7894,34.631],[-79.79,34.6296],[-79.7912,34.6242],[-79.7852,34.6182],[-79.7791,34.6159],[-79.778,34.6131],[-79.7831,34.6077],[-79.787,34.6064],[-79.7937,34.606],[-79.7992,34.6102],[-79.8026,34.6102],[-79.8054,34.608],[-79.8095,34.5989],[-79.809,34.593],[-79.8085,34.5862],[-79.8103,34.5807],[-79.8148,34.5758],[-79.8183,34.5722],[-79.8289,34.5346],[-79.8378,34.5356],[-79.8423,34.5343],[-79.8474,34.5289],[-79.8592,34.5204],[-79.8621,34.5104],[-79.8723,34.5041],[-79.8746,34.5001],[-79.8852,34.4943],[-79.8931,34.4916],[-79.902,34.4921],[-79.9125,34.4963],[-79.9203,34.4973],[-79.9422,34.4902],[-79.9623,34.4868],[-79.9673,34.4891],[-79.9733,34.4969],[-79.9772,34.4992],[-79.9877,34.5002],[-80.0001,34.4971],[-80.0141,34.4904],[-80.0247,34.4855],[-80.0336,34.4874],[-80.0425,34.4916],[-80.2867,34.3711],[-80.2871,34.3929],[-80.2993,34.3975],[-80.3053,34.4089],[-80.3108,34.4144],[-80.3141,34.4226],[-80.3224,34.4272],[-80.3318,34.4409],[-80.3272,34.4522],[-80.3304,34.4731],[-80.3273,34.499],[-80.3289,34.5081],[-80.3378,34.5145],[-80.3456,34.5146],[-80.3534,34.5205],[-80.3566,34.5346],[-80.3715,34.5506],[-80.3743,34.5597],[-80.3742,34.5679],[-80.3814,34.5761],[-80.3791,34.5865],[-80.3951,34.603],[-80.4079,34.613],[-80.4168,34.6162],[-80.4122,34.6271],[-80.4228,34.6344],[-80.4339,34.6404],[-80.4344,34.6477],[-80.4305,34.6576],[-80.4332,34.6599],[-80.4394,34.6604],[-80.4488,34.6682],[-80.4516,34.6759],[-80.4599,34.6787],[-80.476,34.6983],[-80.4871,34.7061],[-80.4904,34.7229],[-80.5153,34.7593],[-80.5141,34.7666],[-80.5247,34.7707],[-80.5303,34.7798],[-80.5437,34.7853],[-80.5559,34.8013],[-80.5614,34.8157],[-80.4444,34.8148],[-80.32,34.8137]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Chesterfield\",\"state\":\"SC\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b6e4b0f42e3d040dfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70156472,"text":"70156472 - 2010 - Importance of record length with respect to estimating the 1-percent chance flood","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-29T12:21:59","indexId":"70156472","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Importance of record length with respect to estimating the 1-percent chance flood","docAbstract":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamflow gages have been established in every State in the Nation, Puerto Rico, and the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. From these st reamflow records, estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are often developed and used to design transportation and water- conveyance structures to protect lives and property, and to determine flood-insurance rates. Probably the most recognizable flood statistic computed from USGS stream gaging records is the 1- percent (%) chance flood; better known has the 100-year flood. By definition, this is a flood that has a 1% chance of occurring in any given year. The 1% chance flood is a statistical estimate that can be significantly influenced by length of record and extreme flood events captured in that record. Consequently, it is typically recommended that flood statistics be updated on some regular interval such as every 10 years. This paper examines the influence of record length on the 1% chance flood for the Broad River in Georgia and the substantial difference that can occur in the estimate based on record length and the hydrologic conditions under which that record was collected.
","largerWorkTitle":"2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference","conferenceDate":"October 13-14, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Columbia, SC","language":"English","publisher":"South Carolina Water Science Center","usgsCitation":"Feaster, T., 2010, Importance of record length with respect to estimating the 1-percent chance flood, in 2010 South Carolina Water Resources Conference, Columbia, SC, October 13-14, 2010, p. 1-4.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"4","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":307174,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5633433de4b048076347eecd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70160861,"text":"70160861 - 2010 - Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T16:45:04","indexId":"70160861","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-09T14:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments","docAbstract":"Daily streamflow time series are critical to a very broad range of hydrologic problems. Whereas daily streamflow time series are readily obtained from gaged catchments, streamflow information is commonly needed at catchments for which no measured streamflow information exists. At ungaged catchments, methods to estimate daily streamflow time series typically require the use of a reference streamgage, which transfers properties of the streamflow time series at a reference streamgage to the ungaged catchment. Therefore, the selection of a reference streamgage is one of the central challenges associated with estimation of daily streamflow at ungaged basins. The reference streamgage is typically selected by choosing the nearest streamgage; however, this paper shows that selection of the nearest streamgage does not provide a consistent selection criterion. We introduce a new method, termed the map‐correlation method, which selects the reference streamgage whose daily streamflows are most correlated with an ungaged catchment. When applied to the estimation of daily streamflow at 28 streamgages across southern New England, daily streamflows estimated by a reference streamgage selected using the map‐correlation method generally provides improved estimates of daily streamflow time series over streamflows estimated by the selection and use of the nearest streamgage. The map correlation method could have potential for many other applications including identifying redundancy and uniqueness in a streamgage network, calibration of rainfall runoff models at ungaged sites, as well as for use in catchment classification.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008481","usgsCitation":"Archfield, S.A., and Vogel, R.M., 2010, Map correlation method: Selection of a reference streamgage to estimate daily streamflow at ungaged catchments: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 10, Article W10513; 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008481.","productDescription":"Article W10513; 15 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010477","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475654,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":313203,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 41.21585377825921\n ],\n [\n -72.9217529296875,\n 41.236511201246216\n ],\n [\n -72.2021484375,\n 41.3025710943056\n ],\n [\n -71.8560791015625,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -71.4825439453125,\n 41.38505194970683\n ],\n [\n -71.290283203125,\n 41.45919537950706\n ],\n [\n -71.1090087890625,\n 41.49623534616764\n ],\n [\n -70.96618652343749,\n 41.50446357504803\n ],\n [\n -70.960693359375,\n 41.57847058443442\n ],\n [\n -70.718994140625,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -70.6256103515625,\n 41.72623044860004\n ],\n [\n -70.66955566406249,\n 41.53325414281322\n ],\n [\n -70.916748046875,\n 41.409775832009565\n ],\n [\n -70.6365966796875,\n 41.529141988723104\n ],\n [\n -70.3948974609375,\n 41.6154423246811\n ],\n [\n -69.9554443359375,\n 41.64007838467894\n ],\n [\n -69.9609375,\n 41.80407814427237\n ],\n [\n -69.9884033203125,\n 41.93088998442502\n ],\n [\n -70.048828125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -70.1531982421875,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -70.24658203125,\n 42.08191667830631\n ],\n [\n -70.20263671875,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -70.1202392578125,\n 42.01665183556825\n ],\n [\n -70.0653076171875,\n 41.88592102814744\n ],\n [\n -70.02685546875,\n 41.89818843043047\n ],\n [\n -70.02685546875,\n 41.81636125072051\n ],\n [\n -70.3179931640625,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 41.80817277478235\n ],\n [\n -70.5487060546875,\n 41.918628865183045\n ],\n [\n -70.6036376953125,\n 41.939062754848564\n ],\n [\n -70.7025146484375,\n 41.9921602333763\n ],\n [\n -70.6585693359375,\n 42.07376224008719\n ],\n [\n -70.740966796875,\n 42.15933157601718\n ],\n [\n -70.7684326171875,\n 42.224449701009725\n ],\n [\n -70.8837890625,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -70.927734375,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -71.026611328125,\n 42.256983603767466\n ],\n [\n -71.05957031249999,\n 42.35042512243457\n ],\n [\n -71.015625,\n 42.4112905190282\n ],\n [\n -70.90576171875,\n 42.4639928001706\n ],\n [\n -70.8343505859375,\n 42.500453028125584\n ],\n [\n -70.68603515625,\n 42.569264372193864\n ],\n [\n -70.587158203125,\n 42.64608143458068\n ],\n [\n -70.63110351562499,\n 42.68647341541784\n ],\n [\n -70.718994140625,\n 42.64608143458068\n ],\n [\n -70.81787109374999,\n 42.68647341541784\n ],\n [\n -70.8123779296875,\n 42.84777884235988\n ],\n [\n -70.72998046875,\n 43.04480541304369\n ],\n [\n -70.59814453125,\n 43.22118973298753\n ],\n [\n -70.587158203125,\n 43.26920624914966\n ],\n [\n -71.4385986328125,\n 43.20517581723733\n ],\n [\n -72.1142578125,\n 43.193162620926095\n ],\n [\n -72.92724609375,\n 43.1450861841603\n ],\n [\n -73.267822265625,\n 43.141078106345844\n ],\n [\n -73.27880859375,\n 42.742978093466434\n ],\n [\n -73.5205078125,\n 42.09822241118974\n ],\n [\n -73.4820556640625,\n 42.02889410108475\n ],\n [\n -73.564453125,\n 41.29018995588562\n ],\n [\n -73.4930419921875,\n 41.21585377825921\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"568ba5d6e4b0e7594ee776a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archfield, Stacey A. 0000-0002-9011-3871 sarch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9011-3871","contributorId":1874,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archfield","given":"Stacey","email":"sarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":584082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vogel, Richard M.","contributorId":66811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogel","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98798,"text":"sir20105083 - 2010 - Occurrence of antibiotic compounds in source water and finished drinking water from the upper Scioto River Basin, Ohio, 2005-6","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-09T11:26:02","indexId":"sir20105083","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5083","title":"Occurrence of antibiotic compounds in source water and finished drinking water from the upper Scioto River Basin, Ohio, 2005-6","docAbstract":"The occurrence of antibiotics in surface water and groundwater in urban basins has become a topic of increasing interest in recent years. Little is known about the occurrence, fate, or transport of these compounds and the possible health effects in humans and aquatic life. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Columbus, Division of Power and Water, did a study to provide a synoptic view of the occurrence of antibiotics in source and finished waters in the upper Scioto River Basin.\r\n\r\nWater samples were collected seasonally-winter (December 2005), spring (May 2006), summer (August 2006) and fall (October 2006)-at five surface-water sites, one groundwater site, and three water-treatment plants (WTPs). Within the upper Scioto River Basin, sampling at each WTP involved two sampling sites: a source-water intake site and a finished-water site.\r\n\r\nOne or more antibiotics were detected at 11 of the 12 sampling sites. Of the 49 targeted antibiotic compounds, 12 (24 percent) were detected at least one time for a total of 61 detections overall. These compounds were azithromycin, tylosin, erythromycin-H2O, erythromycin, roxithromycin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, sulfamethazine, sulfamethoxazole, iso-chlorotetracycline, lincomycin, and trimethoprim. Detection results were at low levels, with an overall median of 0.014 (u or mu)g/L. Hap Cremean WTP had the fewest detections, with two source-water detections of sulfamethoxazole and azithromycin and no detections in the finished water. Of the total of 61 detections, 31 were in the winter sample run. Sulfamethoxazale and azithromycin detections represent 41 percent of all antibiotic detections. Azithromycin was detected only in the winter sample. Some antibiotics, such as those in the quinoline and tetracycline families, dissipate more quickly in warm water, which may explain why they were detected in the cool months (winter, spring, and fall) and not in the summer. Antibiotic data collected during this study were compared to antibiotic data collected in previous national, regional, and local studies. Many of the same antibiotic compounds detected in the upper Scioto River Basin also were detected in those investigations. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105083","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Columbus, Ohio","usgsCitation":"Finnegan, D., Simonson, L.A., and Meyer, M.T., 2010, Occurrence of antibiotic compounds in source water and finished drinking water from the upper Scioto River Basin, Ohio, 2005-6: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5083, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105083.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126158,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5083.jpg"},{"id":14209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5083/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Ohio","otherGeospatial":"Scioto River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.759521484375,\n 39.609920257000795\n ],\n [\n -82.64190673828125,\n 39.609920257000795\n ],\n [\n -82.64190673828125,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -84.759521484375,\n 40.93011520598305\n ],\n [\n -84.759521484375,\n 39.609920257000795\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db6924f8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Finnegan, Dennis P. dpfinneg@usgs.gov","contributorId":2045,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finnegan","given":"Dennis P.","email":"dpfinneg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Simonson, Laura A.","contributorId":63110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simonson","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98789,"text":"sir20105149 - 2010 - Simulation of groundwater flow and effects of groundwater irrigation on stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River basins, Nebraska, 1895-2055: Phase Two","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-14T21:55:41.557134","indexId":"sir20105149","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5149","title":"Simulation of groundwater flow and effects of groundwater irrigation on stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River basins, Nebraska, 1895-2055: Phase Two","docAbstract":"Regional groundwater-flow simulations for a 30,000-square-mile area of the High Plains aquifer, referred to collectively as the Elkhorn-Loup Model, were developed to predict the effects of groundwater irrigation on stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River Basins, Nebraska. Simulations described the stream-aquifer system from predevelopment through 2005 [including predevelopment (pre-1895), early development (1895-1940), and historical development (1940 through 2005) conditions] and future hypothetical development conditions (2006 through 2033 or 2055). Predicted changes to stream base flow that resulted from simulated changes to groundwater irrigation will aid development of long-term strategies for management of hydrologically connected water supplies.\r\n\r\nThe predevelopment through 2005 simulation was calibrated using an automated parameter-estimation method to optimize the fit to pre-1940 groundwater levels and base flows, 1945 through 2005 decadal groundwater-level changes, and 1940 through 2005 base flows. The calibration results of the pre-1940 period indicated that 81 percent of the simulated groundwater levels were within 30 feet of the measured water levels. The results did not indicate large areas of simulated groundwater levels that were biased too high or too low, indicating that the simulation generally captures the regional trends. Calibration results using 1945 through 2005 decadal groundwater-level changes indicated that a majority of the simulated groundwater-level changes were within 5 feet of the changes calculated from measured groundwater levels. Simulated groundwater-level rises generally were smaller than measured rises near surface-water irrigation districts. Simulated groundwater-level declines were larger than measured declines in several parts of the study area having large amounts of irrigated crops. Base-flow trends and volumes generally were reproduced by the simulation at most sites. Exceptions include downward trends of simulated base flow from the 1970s to the end of the calibration period for the Elkhorn River at Norfolk, Beaver Creek at Genoa, and Cedar River near Fullerton.\r\n\r\nEffects of groundwater irrigation on stream base flow were predicted using several methods: (1) simulated base-flow depletion was mapped to represent the percentage of water pumped from a hypothetical well during 2006 through 2055 that corresponds to base-flow depletions at the end of that 50-year period; (2) the groundwater-flow simulation predicted changes in stream base flow that result from modifying the number of irrigated acres in a 25-year period (2009 through 2033); and (3) a simulation-optimization model determined the minimum reduction of groundwater pumpage that would be necessary in the Elkhorn River Basin in a 25-year period (2009 through 2033) to comply with various hypothetical base-flow requirements for the Elkhorn River. The results are not intended to determine specific management plans that must be adopted, but rather to improve the understanding of how base flow is affected by irrigation.\r\n\r\nA 50-year simulation (2006-55) indicated that depletions of less than 10 percent of pumpage mainly occur in areas that are about 10 miles or farther from the Elkhorn and Loup Rivers and their tributaries.\r\n\r\nThe calibrated simulation was used to predict the 25-year effect on base flow of a 10 percent decrease in irrigated acres and the effect of increasing acres at the presently (2010) allowed rate. Hypothesized changes to irrigated acres were applied only to areas where mapped base-flow depletions were at least 10 percent of pumpage. The effect of changes in irrigated acres includes the combined effects of changes to pumpage and additional recharge from irrigated acres. When irrigated acres were decreased by 10 percent within selected areas of four Natural Resources Districts (a total reduction of about 120,000 acres and a 5 percent reduction in irrigation pumpage), simulated base flow was predicted to inc","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105149","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lewis and Clark, Lower Elkhorn, Lower Loup, Lower Platte North, Lower Niobrara, Middle Niobrara, Upper Elkhorn, and Upper Loup Natural Resources Districts","usgsCitation":"Stanton, J.S., Peterson, S.M., and Fienen, M., 2010, Simulation of groundwater flow and effects of groundwater irrigation on stream base flow in the Elkhorn and Loup River basins, Nebraska, 1895-2055: Phase Two: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5149, ix, 78 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105149.","productDescription":"ix, 78 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126033,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5149.jpg"},{"id":14199,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5149/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":410507,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94342.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Elkhorn and Loup River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.2,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -102.2,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -97,\n 40\n ],\n [\n -102.2,\n 40\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4991e4b07f02db5b3cbb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stanton, Jennifer S. 0000-0002-2520-753X jstanton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2520-753X","contributorId":830,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jstanton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, Steven M. 0000-0002-9130-1284 speterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9130-1284","contributorId":847,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Steven","email":"speterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fienen, Michael N. 0000-0002-7756-4651 mnfienen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7756-4651","contributorId":893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fienen","given":"Michael N.","email":"mnfienen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98790,"text":"ofr20101236 - 2010 - The potential influence of changing climate on the persistence of salmonids of the inland west","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T16:19:38","indexId":"ofr20101236","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1236","title":"The potential influence of changing climate on the persistence of salmonids of the inland west","docAbstract":"The Earth's climate warmed steadily during the 20th century, and mean annual air temperatures are estimated to have increased by 0.6°C (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007). Although many cycles of warming and cooling have occurred in the past, the most recent warming period is unique in its rate and magnitude of change (Siegenthaler and others, 2005) and in its association with anthropogenic emissions of greenhouse gases (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change , 2007). The climate in the western United States warmed in concert with the global trend but at an accelerated rate (+0.8°C during the 20th century; Saunders and others, 2008). The region could also prove especially sensitive to future changes because the relatively small human population is growing rapidly, as are demands on limited water supplies.
Regional hydrological patterns are dominated by seasonal snow accumulation at upper elevations. Most of the region is relatively dry, and both terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems are strongly constrained b y water availability (Barnett and others, 2008; Brown and others, 2008). Stream environments are dynamic and climatically extreme, and salmonid fishes are the dominant elements of the native biodiversity (McPhail and Lindsey, 1986; Waples and others, 2008). Salmonids have broad economic and ecologic importance, but a century of intensive water resource development, nonnative fish stocking, and land use has significantly reduced many populations and several taxa are now protected under the Endangered Species Act (Thurow and others, 1997; Trotter, 2008). Because salmonids require relatively pristine, cold water environments and are often isolated in headwater habitats, members of this group may be especially vulnerable to the effects of a warming climate (Keleher and Rahel, 1996; Rieman and others, 2007; Williams and others, 2009).
Warming during the 20th century drove a series of environmental trends that have profound implications for many aspects of salmonid habitat, including disturbance regimes such as wildfire, and unfavorable changes to thermal and hydrologic properties of aquatic systems. Warmer air temperatures have been associated with decreased winter snow accumulations, have accelerated snowmelt, and have advanced the timing of peak runoff by several days to weeks across most of western North America (Stewart and others, 2005; Barnett and others, 2008). Less snow and earlier runoff decrease aquifer recharge, make less water available for groundwater inputs to streams, and are contributing to widespread decreases in summer low flows (Stewart and others, 2005; Rood and others, 2008; Luce and Holden 2009). Interannual variability in stream flow is increasing, as is the persistence of multi-year extreme conditions (McCabe and others, 2004; Pagano and Garen 2005). In many areas of western North America, flood risks have increased in association with warmer temperatures during the 20th century (Hamlet and Lettenmaier, 2005). Streams where midwinter temperatures are near freezing have proven especially sensitive to increased flooding because of associated transitional hydrological patterns (mixtures of rainfall and snowmelt) and propensity for occasional rain-on-snow events to rapidly melt winter snowpack and generate large floods (Hamlet and Lettenmaier, 2005).
Stream temperatures in many areas are increasing (Peterson and Kitchell, 2001; Morrison and others, 2002; Bartholow, 2005; Kaushal and others, 2010), due to both air temperature increases and reduced summer flows that make streams more sensitive to warmer air temperatures (Isaak and others, 2010). In recent decades, wildfires have become more common across much of the western United States during periods of more frequent droughts (Westerling and others, 2006; Hoerling and Eischeid, 2007), and local stream temperature can increase in postfire environments (Gresswell, 1999; Dunham and others, 2007). Fire-related temperature increase within streams is commonly a transient phenomenon, lasting only until riparian vegetation has recovered (Gresswell, 1999); however, ongoing climate change could preclude recovery to higher stature, prefire vegetation types in some areas (McKenzie and others, 2004; van Mantgem and Stephenson, 2007), resulting in a loss of critical riparian shading. Additionally, when wildfires occur in steep mountain topographies, the vegetation that stabilize s soils on hillslopes is often killed and landslides become more prevalent (Gresswell, 1999). Landslides int o stream channels form debris flows composed of sediment slurries and dead trees that can scour channels to bedrock and further exacerbate stream heating, delay recovery of riparian areas, or extirpate fish populations (Gresswell, 1999; May and Gresswell, 2003; Dunham and others, 2007).
Changes in stream environments will shift habitat distributions, sometimes unpredictably, in both time and space for many salmonid fishes. Water temperature fundamentally influences aquatic ecosystem health because distribution, reproduction, fitness, and survival of ectothermic organisms are inextricably linked to the thermal regime of the environment. Historically, research has focused on defining lethal thermal limits of salmonids (Eaton and others, 1995; Selong and others, 2001; Todd and others, 2008); however, water temperature is known to be important in biological processes at a variety of spatial scales and levels of biological organization (Rahel and Olden, 2008; McCullough and others, 2009). For instance, trout are affected directly by water temperature through feeding, metabolism, and growth rates, and indirectly by factors such as prey availability and species interactions (Wehrly and others, 2007; Rahel and Olden, 2008). Where cold water temperatures currently limit habitat suitability and distributions of some species (for example, at the highest and most northerly distributional extents; Nakano and others, 1996; Coleman and Fausch, 2007), a warming climate may gradually increase the quality and extent of suitable habitat. Over time, previously constrained populations are expected to expand into these new habitats and increase in number. Some evidence suggests this may already be happening in Alaska, where streams in recently deglaciated areas are being colonized by emigrants from nearby salmon and char populations (Milner and others, 2000).
Unfortunately, many of the sensitive salmonid species that are often the focus of western managers are unlikely to benefit from future water temperature increases. Warmer stream temperatures will facilitate invasion by nonnative species that are broadly established in downstream areas into upstream areas where they will compete with native species (Rieman and others, 2006; Rahel and Olden, 2008; Fausch and others, 2009). In other cases, warmer stream temperatures will render thermally suitable habitats unsuitable in downstream areas and effect net losses of habitat because upstream distributions are often constrained by streams that are too small or steep (Hari and others, 2006; Isaak and others, 2010). Both scenarios are realistic for fish species like bull trout (Salvelinus confluentus) (Rieman and others, 2006; Rieman and others, 2007), the various subspecies of cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii) (Williams and others, 2009), Gila trout (Oncorhynchus gilae gilae) (Kennedy and others, 2008), and Apache trout (Oncorhynchus gilae apache) (Rinne and Minckley, 1985; Carmichael and others, 1993). As native species are increasingly confined to smaller and more isolated habitats by a gradually warming climate, the effects of wildfires (whether related to lethal changes in water quality during a fire, channel debris flows, or chronic postfire warming ) could have greater proportional effects on remaining habitats (for example, Brown and others, 2001; Rieman and others, 2007). If these changes were accompanied by additional hydrologic alterations associated with changes to the magnitude, frequency, duration, timing, and rate of change of discharge patterns (Jager and others, 1999; Henderson and others, 2000), populations may begin to lose some of their historic resilience and become ever more susceptible to local extirpations.
As dramatic and extensive as climatic and environmental trends are for salmonid habitats, global climate models (GCMs) project that many of these trends will continue and even accelerate until at least the middle of the 21st century (Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, 2007). Current projections suggest mean annual air temperatures will increase by an additional 1–3°C, and early indications are that climate trajectory is at the higher end of this range (Pittock, 2006; Raupach and others, 2007). Although predicted changes vary considerably, even the most conservative estimates suggest a warming rate that will be twice that observed during the 20th century. Projections for the midcentury are most certainly due to the effects of greenhouse gases already emitted or predicted in the short term, uncertainties of the effects of longer-term greenhouse gas emissions, short-term climate cycles, and process errors associated with climate models (Cox and Stephenson, 2007). Projections of changes in total precipitation are less certain than those for air temperatures, but most GCMs project relatively small changes in the Northwest, with the exception of slightly drier summer periods (Mote and others, 2008; Karl and others, 2009). In the Southwest, however, significant decreases (such as 15–30 percent ) are projected during most periods of the year, and this area is one of the few for which Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) precipitation projections have a high level of certainty (Hoerling and Eischeid, 2007; Karl and others, 2009). Clearly, managers of native salmonids in the wester n United States should consider adjusting management strategies to accommodate a warmer and possibly drier future (Williams and others, 2009). Tools are needed to forecast where important changes may occur and how conservation efforts should be prioritized. In this Open-File Report, we document our initial efforts in this regard for 10 species and subspecies of inland trout and Montana Arctic grayling (Thymallus arcticus) across the western United States.
The occurrence and sources of Escherichia coli (E. coli), one of several fecal indicator bacteria, in metropolitan St. Louis streams known to receive nonpoint source runoff, occasional discharges from combined and sanitary sewers, and treated wastewater effluent were investigated from October 2004 through September 2007. Three Missouri River sites, five Mississippi River sites, and six small basin tributary stream sites were sampled during base flow and storm events for the presence of E. coli and their sources. E. coli host-source determinations were conducted using local library based genotypic methods. Human fecal contamination in stream samples was additionally confirmed by the presence of Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron, an anaerobic, enteric bacterium with a high occurrence in, and specificity to, humans.
Missouri River E. coli densities and loads during base flow were approximately 10 times greater than those in the Mississippi River above its confluence with the Missouri River. Although substantial amounts of E. coli originated from within the study area during base flow and storm events, considerable amounts of E. coli in the Missouri River, as well as in the middle Mississippi River sections downstream from its confluence with the Missouri River, originated in Missouri River reaches upstream from the study area. In lower Mississippi River reaches, bacteria contributions from the numerous combined and sanitary sewer overflows within the study area, as well as contributions from nonpoint source runoff, greatly increased instream E. coli densities.
Although other urban factors cannot be discounted, average E. coli densities in streams were strongly correlated with the number of upstream combined and sanitary sewer overflow points, and the percentage of upstream impervious cover. Small basin sites with the greatest number of combined and sanitary sewer overflows (Maline Creek and the River des Peres) had larger E. coli densities, larger loads, and a greater percentage of E. coli attributable to humans than other small basin sites; however, even though small basin E. coli densities typically were much larger than in large river receiving streams, small basins contributed, on average, only a small part (a maximum of 16 percent) of the total E. coli load to larger rivers.
On average, approximately one-third of E. coli in metropolitan St. Louis streams was identified as originating from humans. Another one-third of the E. coli was determined to have originated from unidentified sources; dogs and geese contributed lesser amounts, 10 and 20 percent, of the total instream bacteria. Sources of E. coli were largely independent of hydrologic conditions—an indication that sources remained relatively consistent with time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Metropolitan St. Louis Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D.H., and Davis, J., 2010, Occurrence and sources of Escherichia coli in metropolitan St. Louis streams, October 2004 through September 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5150, v, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105150.","productDescription":"v, 51 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-10-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14190,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5150/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5150.jpg"},{"id":424290,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94341.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","city":"St Louis","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -90.7,\n 38.4166\n ],\n [\n -90.7,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -90,\n 38.4166\n ],\n [\n -90.7,\n 38.4166\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd48ffe4b0b290850eeca8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, Donald H. wilkison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"Donald","email":"wilkison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Davis, Jerri V. jdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2667,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Jerri V.","email":"jdavis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70236110,"text":"70236110 - 2010 - Development of characterization technology for fault zone hydrology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-29T15:40:00.044797","indexId":"70236110","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T10:06:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Development of characterization technology for fault zone hydrology","docAbstract":"Several deep trenches were cut, and a number of geophysical surveys were conducted across the Wildcat Fault in the hills east of Berkeley, California. The Wildcat Fault is believed to be a strike-slip fault and a member of the Hayward Fault System, with over 10 km of displacement. So far, three boreholes of ∼ 150m deep have been core-drilled and borehole geophysical logs were conducted. The rocks are extensively sheared and fractured; gouges were observed at several depths and a thick cataclasitic zone was also observed. While confirming some earlier, published conclusions from shallow observations about Wildcat, some unexpected findings were encountered. Preliminary analysis indicates that Wildcat near the field site consists of multiple faults. The hydraulic test data suggest the dual properties of the hydrologic structure of the fault zone. A fourth borehole is planned to penetrate the main fault believed to lie in-between the holes. The main philosophy behind our approach for the hydrologic characterization of such a complex fractured system is to let the system take its own average and monitor a long term behavior instead of collecting a multitude of data at small length and time scales, or at a discrete fracture scale and to “up-scale,” which is extremely tenuous.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Conference proceedings: International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"13th International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management","conferenceDate":"October 3-7, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Tsukuba, Japan","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mechanical Engineers","doi":"10.1115/ICEM2010-40121","usgsCitation":"Karasaki, K., Onishi, C.T., Gasperikova, E., Goto, J., Tsuchi, H., Miwa, T., Ueta, K., Kiho, K., and Miyakawa, K., 2010, Development of characterization technology for fault zone hydrology, in Conference proceedings: International Conference on Environmental Remediation and Radioactive Waste Management, Tsukuba, Japan, October 3-7, 2010, p. 297-303, https://doi.org/10.1115/ICEM2010-40121.","productDescription":"ICEM2010-40121, 7 p.","startPage":"297","endPage":"303","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":475661,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1014656/","text":"External Repository"},{"id":405795,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Berkeley Hills, Wildcat Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 37.96477144899956\n ],\n [\n -122.34649658203124,\n 37.769629187677\n ],\n [\n -122.16796875,\n 37.790251927933284\n ],\n [\n -122.27508544921875,\n 38.04592811939909\n ],\n [\n -122.37533569335936,\n 38.023213306976814\n ],\n [\n -122.431640625,\n 37.96477144899956\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-04-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karasaki, K.","contributorId":30004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karasaki","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Onishi, Celia Tiemi","contributorId":295897,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Onishi","given":"Celia","email":"","middleInitial":"Tiemi","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gasperikova, Erika","contributorId":193561,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gasperikova","given":"Erika","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Goto, Junichi","contributorId":295898,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Goto","given":"Junichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Tsuchi, Hiroyuki","contributorId":295899,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tsuchi","given":"Hiroyuki","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miwa, Tadashi","contributorId":295900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miwa","given":"Tadashi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ueta, Keiichi","contributorId":295901,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ueta","given":"Keiichi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Kiho, Kenzo","contributorId":295902,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kiho","given":"Kenzo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Miyakawa, Kimio","contributorId":295903,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miyakawa","given":"Kimio","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":850102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70199988,"text":"70199988 - 2010 - Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:04:24","indexId":"70199988","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T09:03:46","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon","docAbstract":"Rodeo Lagoon, a low-salinity coastal lagoon in the Golden Gate National Recreation Area, California, United States, has been identified as an important ecosystem due to the presence of the endangered goby (Eucyclogobius newberri). Despite low anthropogenic impacts, the lagoon exhibits eutrophic conditions and supports annual episodes of very high phytoplankton biomass. Weekly assessments (February–December 2007) of phytoplankton indicated diatoms, Nodularia spumigena, Chaetoceros muelleri var. muelleri, flagellated protozoa, a mixed assemblage, and Microcystis aeruginosa dominated the algal community in successive waves. Phytoplankton succession was significantly correlated (r 2 = 0.37, p < 0.001) with averaged daily irradiance (max = 29.7 kW m−2 d−1), water column light attenuation (max = 14 m−1), and orthophosphate and dissolved inorganic carbon concentrations (max = 1.5 and 2920 μM, respectively). Negative effects of phytoplankton growth and decay included excessive ammonia concentrations (exceeded EPA guidelines on 77% of sampling days), hypoxia (<3 mg l−1dissolved oxygen), and introduction of several microcystins, all in the latter half of the year. Our one-year study suggests that this coastal lagoon is a highly seasonal system with strong feedbacks between phytoplankton and geochemical processes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Netherlands","doi":"10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y","usgsCitation":"Drake, J.L., Carpenter, E.J., Cousins, M., Nelson, K.L., Guido-Zarate, A., and Loftin, K.A., 2010, Effects of light and nutrients on seasonal phytoplankton succession in a temperate eutrophic coastal lagoon: Hydrobiologia, v. 654, no. 1, p. 177-192, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"192","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475663,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-010-0380-y","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358227,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Rodeo Lagoon, Golden Gate National Recreation Area","volume":"654","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c655e4b034bf6a7f3e29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drake, Jeana L.","contributorId":208544,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"Jeana","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carpenter, Edward J.","contributorId":208545,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carpenter","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cousins, Mary","contributorId":208546,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cousins","given":"Mary","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Nelson, Kara L.","contributorId":208547,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kara","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guido-Zarate, Alejandro","contributorId":208548,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guido-Zarate","given":"Alejandro","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Loftin, Keith A. 0000-0001-5291-876X kloftin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5291-876X","contributorId":868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loftin","given":"Keith","email":"kloftin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70160812,"text":"70160812 - 2010 - Determination of biologically significant hydrologic condition metrics in urbanizing watersheds: an empirical analysis over a range of environmental settings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-12-31T10:59:15","indexId":"70160812","displayToPublicDate":"2010-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of biologically significant hydrologic condition metrics in urbanizing watersheds: an empirical analysis over a range of environmental settings","docAbstract":"We investigated the relations among 83 hydrologic condition metrics (HCMs) and changes in algal, invertebrate, and fish communities in five metropolitan areas across the continental United States. We used a statistical approach that employed Spearman correlation and regression tree analysis to identify five HCMs that are strongly associated with observed biological variation along a gradient of urbanization. The HCMs related to average flow magnitude, high-flow magnitude, high-flow event frequency, high-flow duration, and rate of change of stream cross-sectional area were most consistently associated with changes in aquatic communities. Although our investigation used an urban gradient design with short hydrologic periods of record (≤1 year) of hourly cross-sectional area time series, these five HCMs were consistent with previous investigations using long-term daily-flow records. The ecological sampling day often was included in the hydrologic period. Regression tree models explained up to 73, 92, and 79% of variance for specific algal, invertebrate, and fish community metrics, respectively. National models generally were not as statistically significant as models for individual metropolitan areas. High-flow event frequency, a hydrologic metric found to be transferable across stream type and useful for classifying habitat by previous research, was found to be the most ecologically relevant HCM; transformation by precipitation increased national-scale applicability. We also investigated the relation between measures of stream flashiness and land-cover indicators of urbanization and found that land-cover characteristic and pattern variables, such as road density, percent wetland, and proximity of developed land, were strongly related to HCMs at both a metropolitan and national scale and, therefore, may be effective land-use management options in addition to wholesale impervious-area reduction.
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B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":584039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98771,"text":"sir20105197 - 2010 - An update of hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, Snake River Plain aquifer and perched groundwater zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, emphasis 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:33","indexId":"sir20105197","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5197","title":"An update of hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, Snake River Plain aquifer and perched groundwater zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, emphasis 2006-08","docAbstract":"Since 1952, radiochemical and chemical wastewater discharged to infiltration ponds (also called percolation ponds), evaporation ponds, and disposal wells at the Idaho National Laboratory (INL) has affected water quality in the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer and perched groundwater zones underlying the INL. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, maintains groundwater monitoring networks at the INL to determine hydrologic trends, and to delineate the movement of radiochemical and chemical wastes in the aquifer and in perched groundwater zones. This report presents an analysis of water-level and water-quality data collected from aquifer and perched groundwater wells in the USGS groundwater monitoring networks during 2006-08. \r\n\r\nWater in the Snake River Plain aquifer primarily moves through fractures and interflow zones in basalt, generally flows southwestward, and eventually discharges at springs along the Snake River. The aquifer primarily is recharged from infiltration of irrigation water, infiltration of streamflow, groundwater inflow from adjoining mountain drainage basins, and infiltration of precipitation.\r\n\r\nFrom March-May 2005 to March-May 2008, water levels in wells generally remained constant or rose slightly in the southwestern corner of the INL. Water levels declined in the central and northern parts of the INL. The declines ranged from about 1 to 3 feet in the central part of the INL, to as much as 9 feet in the northern part of the INL. Water levels in perched groundwater wells around the Advanced Test Reactor Complex (ATRC) also declined.\r\n\r\nDetectable concentrations of radiochemical constituents in water samples from wells in the Snake River Plain aquifer at the INL generally decreased or remained constant during 2006-08. Decreases in concentrations were attributed to decreased rates of radioactive-waste disposal, radioactive decay, changes in waste-disposal methods, and dilution from recharge and underflow. In April or October 2008, reportable concentrations of tritium in groundwater ranged from 810 ? 70 to 8,570 ? 190 picocuries per liter (pCi/L), and the tritium plume extended south-southwestward in the general direction of groundwater flow. Tritium concentrations in water from wells completed in shallow perched groundwater at the ATRC were less than the reporting levels. Tritium concentrations in deep perched groundwater exceeded the reporting level in 11 wells during at least one sampling event during 2006-08 at the ATRC. Tritium concentrations from one or more zones in each well were reportable in water samples collected at various depths in six wells equipped with multi-level WestbayTM packer sampling systems.\r\n\r\nConcentrations of strontium-90 in water from 24 of 52 aquifer wells sampled during April or October 2008 exceeded the reporting level. Concentrations ranged from 2.2 ? 0.7 to 32.7 ? 1.2 pCi/L. Strontium-90 has not been detected within the eastern Snake River Plain aquifer beneath the ATRC partly because of the exclusive use of waste-disposal ponds and lined evaporation ponds rather than using the disposal well for radioactive-wastewater disposal at ATRC. At the ATRC, the strontium-90 concentration in water from one well completed in shallow perched groundwater was less than the reporting level. During at least one sampling event during 2006-08, concentrations of strontium-90 in water from nine wells completed in deep perched groundwater at the ATRC were greater than reporting levels. Concentrations ranged from 2.1?0.7 to 70.5?1.8 pCi/L. At the Idaho Nuclear Technology and Engineering Center (INTEC), the reporting level was exceeded in water from two wells completed in deep perched groundwater. During 2006-08, concentrations of cesium-137, plutonium-238, and plutonium-239, -240 (undivided), and americium-241 were less than the reporting level in water samples from all wells and all zones in wells equipped with multi-level WestbayTM packer sampling systems ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105197","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy DOE/ID-22212","usgsCitation":"Davis, L.C., 2010, An update of hydrologic conditions and distribution of selected constituents in water, Snake River Plain aquifer and perched groundwater zones, Idaho National Laboratory, Idaho, emphasis 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5197, x, 79 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105197.","productDescription":"x, 79 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125995,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5197.jpg"},{"id":14181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5197/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113,42.5 ], [ -113,43 ], [ -112.25,43 ], [ -112.25,42.5 ], [ -113,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a86ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Linda C. lcdavis@usgs.gov","contributorId":2539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Linda","email":"lcdavis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98762,"text":"ds507 - 2010 - Geographic information system datasets of regolith-thickness data, regolith-thickness contours, raster-based regolith thickness, and aquifer-test and specific-capacity data for the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-06-04T11:15:34","indexId":"ds507","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"507","title":"Geographic information system datasets of regolith-thickness data, regolith-thickness contours, raster-based regolith thickness, and aquifer-test and specific-capacity data for the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"These datasets were compiled in support of U.S. Geological Survey Scientific-Investigations Report 2010-5082-Hydrogeology and Steady-State Numerical Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado. The datasets were developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Lost Creek Ground Water Management District and the Colorado Geological Survey. The four datasets are described as follows and methods used to develop the datasets are further described in Scientific-Investigations Report 2010-5082:\n\n(1) ds507_regolith_data: This point dataset contains geologic information concerning regolith (unconsolidated sediment) thickness and top-of-bedrock altitude at selected well and test-hole locations in and near the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado. Data were compiled from published reports, consultant reports, and from lithologic logs of wells and test holes on file with the U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center and the Colorado Division of Water Resources.\n\n(2) ds507_regthick_contours: This dataset consists of contours showing generalized lines of equal regolith thickness overlying bedrock in the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado. Regolith thickness was contoured manually on the basis of information provided in the dataset ds507_regolith_data. \n\n(3) ds507_regthick_grid: This dataset consists of raster-based generalized thickness of regolith overlying bedrock in the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado. Regolith thickness in this dataset was derived from contours presented in the dataset ds507_regthick_contours.\n\n(4) ds507_welltest_data: This point dataset contains estimates of aquifer transmissivity and hydraulic conductivity at selected well locations in the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado. This dataset also contains hydrologic information used to estimate transmissivity from specific capacity at selected well locations. Data were compiled from published reports, consultant reports, and from well-test records on file with the U.S. Geological Survey Colorado Water Science Center and the Colorado Division of Water Resources.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds507","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L., 2010, Geographic information system datasets of regolith-thickness data, regolith-thickness contours, raster-based regolith thickness, and aquifer-test and specific-capacity data for the Lost Creek Designated Ground Water Basin, Weld, Adams, and Arapahoe Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 507, Metadata ZIP files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds507.","productDescription":"Metadata ZIP files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133207,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14172,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/507/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":273192,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds507_regthick_contours.xml"},{"id":273193,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds507_regthk.xml"},{"id":273194,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds507_welltest_data.xml"},{"id":273191,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/ds507_regolith_data.xml"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a924f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, L. Rick","contributorId":101613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L. Rick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98757,"text":"ds303 - 2010 - Database for the geologic map of the Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle, central Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-01T21:42:54.683315","indexId":"ds303","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"303","title":"Database for the geologic map of the Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle, central Oregon","docAbstract":"The Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle has been the locus of volcanism, faulting, and sedimentation for the past 35 million years. It encompasses parts of the Cascade Range and Blue Mountain geomorphic provinces, stretching from snowclad Quaternary stratovolcanoes on the west to bare rocky hills and sparsely forested juniper plains on the east. The Deschutes River and its large tributaries, the Metolius and Crooked Rivers, drain the area. Topographic relief ranges from 3,157 m (10,358 ft) at the top of South Sister to 590 m (1,940 ft) at the floor of the Deschutes and Crooked Rivers where they exit the area at the north-central edge of the map area. The map encompasses a part of rapidly growing Deschutes County. The city of Bend, which has over 70,000 people living in its urban growth boundary, lies at the south-central edge of the map. Redmond, Sisters, and a few smaller villages lie scattered along the major transportation routes of U.S. Highways 97 and 20.\r\n\r\nThis geologic map depicts the geologic setting as a basis for structural and stratigraphic analysis of the Deschutes basin, a major hydrologic discharge area on the east flank of the Cascade Range. The map also provides a framework for studying potentially active faults of the Sisters fault zone, which trends northwest across the map area from Bend to beyond Sisters.\r\n\r\nThis digital release contains all of the information used to produce the geologic map published as U.S. Geological Survey Geologic Investigations Series I-2683 (Sherrod and others, 2004). The main component of this digital release is a geologic map database prepared using ArcInfo GIS. This release also contains files to view or print the geologic map and accompanying descriptive pamphlet from I-2683.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds303","usgsCitation":"Koch, R.D., Ramsey, D.W., Sherrod, D.R., Taylor, E.M., Ferns, M., Scott, W.E., Conrey, R.M., and Smith, G.A., 2010, Database for the geologic map of the Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle, central Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 303, HTML Document; CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds303.","productDescription":"HTML Document; CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":271,"text":"Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":422320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94310.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14167,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/303/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125990,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_303.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Bend 30- x 60-minute quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 44\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 44.5\n ],\n [\n -122,\n 44.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a4d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Koch, Richard D. rkoch@usgs.gov","contributorId":4413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Richard","email":"rkoch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ramsey, David W. 0000-0003-1698-2523 dramsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1698-2523","contributorId":3819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsey","given":"David","email":"dramsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sherrod, David R. 0000-0001-9460-0434 dsherrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9460-0434","contributorId":527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sherrod","given":"David","email":"dsherrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taylor, Edward M.","contributorId":65932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ferns, Mark L.","contributorId":13703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferns","given":"Mark L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scott, William E. 0000-0001-8156-979X wescott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8156-979X","contributorId":1725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"William","email":"wescott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":41911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Gary A.","contributorId":81196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70157334,"text":"70157334 - 2010 - Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce lidar-derived surface flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-16T16:08:28","indexId":"70157334","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce lidar-derived surface flow","docAbstract":"The methods to extract surface flow from coarse elevation data are well documented; however, the methods to extract surface flow from high-resolution, high-vertical accuracy digital elevation models (DEMs) derived from light detection and ranging (lidar) are less documented, but yet more complex. As lidar data are increasingly used to generate DEMS, the demand for lidar-derived surface flow escalates. Thus, the US Geological Survey has developed semi-automated selective drainage methods to extract continuous surface flow from lidar-derived DEMs. This integrated network is important in understanding surface water movement and runoff, flood inundation, and erosion.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing and hydrology","conferenceTitle":"International Commission on Remote Sensing of IAHS","conferenceDate":"September 27-30 2010","conferenceLocation":"Jacksonhole, Wyoming","language":"English","publisher":"IAHS Press","usgsCitation":"Poppenga, S.K., Worstell, B., Stoker, J.M., and Greenlee, S., 2010, Using selective drainage methods to hydrologically-condition and hydrologically-enforce lidar-derived surface flow, in Remote sensing and hydrology, v. 352, Jacksonhole, Wyoming, September 27-30 2010, p. 329-332.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"329","endPage":"332","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-022623","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"352","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35c2e4b05d6c4e502c89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poppenga, Sandra K. 0000-0002-2846-6836 spoppenga@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2846-6836","contributorId":3327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poppenga","given":"Sandra","email":"spoppenga@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce 0000-0001-8927-3336","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":90676,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stoker, Jason M. 0000-0003-2455-0931 jstoker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2455-0931","contributorId":3021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stoker","given":"Jason","email":"jstoker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Greenlee, Susan","contributorId":48137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greenlee","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572729,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98736,"text":"ofr20101220 - 2010 - Development and analysis of a meteorological database, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"ofr20101220","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1220","title":"Development and analysis of a meteorological database, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois","docAbstract":"A database of hourly values of air temperature, dewpoint temperature, wind speed, and solar radiation from January 1, 1948, to September 30, 2003, primarily using data collected at the Argonne National Laboratory station, was developed for use in continuous-time hydrologic modeling in northeastern Illinois. Missing and apparently erroneous data values were replaced with adjusted values from nearby stations used as 'backup'. Temporal variations in the statistical properties of the data resulting from changes in measurement and data-storage methodologies were adjusted to match the statistical properties resulting from the data-collection procedures that have been in place since January 1, 1989. The adjustments were computed based on the regressions between the primary data series from Argonne National Laboratory and the backup series using data obtained during common periods; the statistical properties of the regressions were used to assign estimated standard errors to values that were adjusted or filled from other series. Each hourly value was assigned a corresponding data-source flag that indicates the source of the value and its transformations. An analysis of the data-source flags indicates that all the series in the database except dewpoint have a similar fraction of Argonne National Laboratory data, with about 89 percent for the entire period, about 86 percent from 1949 through 1988, and about 98 percent from 1989 through 2003. The dewpoint series, for which observations at Argonne National Laboratory did not begin until 1958, has only about 71 percent Argonne National Laboratory data for the entire period, about 63 percent from 1948 through 1988, and about 93 percent from 1989 through 2003, indicating a lower reliability of the dewpoint sensor.\r\n\r\nA basic statistical analysis of the filled and adjusted data series in the database, and a series of potential evapotranspiration computed from them using the computer program LXPET (Lamoreux Potential Evapotranspiration) also was carried out. This analysis indicates annual cycles in solar radiation and potential evapotranspiration that follow the annual cycle of extraterrestrial solar radiation, whereas temperature and dewpoint annual cycles are lagged by about 1 month relative to the solar cycle. The annual cycle of wind has a late summer minimum, and spring and fall maximums. At the annual time scale, the filled and adjusted data series and computed potential evapotranspiration have significant serial correlation and possibly have significant temporal trends. The inter-annual fluctuations of temperature and dewpoint are weakest, whereas those of wind and potential evapotranspiration are strongest.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101220","collaboration":"In cooperation with DuPage County Department of Economic Development and Planning, Stormwater Management Division","usgsCitation":"Over, T.M., Price, T.H., and Ishii, A., 2010, Development and analysis of a meteorological database, Argonne National Laboratory, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1220, v, 23 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101220.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.; Appendices","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14146,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115974,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1220.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.66666666666667,-41 ], [ -88.66666666666667,42.5 ], [ -87.5,42.5 ], [ -87.5,-41 ], [ -88.66666666666667,-41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa7e4b07f02db6672ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Over, Thomas M. 0000-0001-8280-4368 tmover@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8280-4368","contributorId":1819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Over","given":"Thomas","email":"tmover@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Price, Thomas H.","contributorId":55937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Price","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ishii, Audrey L. alishii@usgs.gov","contributorId":1818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ishii","given":"Audrey L.","email":"alishii@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98728,"text":"sir20105050 - 2010 - Water quality and hydrology of the Silver River Watershed, Baraga County, Michigan, 2005-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105050","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5050","title":"Water quality and hydrology of the Silver River Watershed, Baraga County, Michigan, 2005-08","docAbstract":"The Silver River Watershed comprises about 69 square miles and drains part of northeastern Baraga County, Michigan. For generations, tribal members of the Keweenaw Bay Indian Community have hunted and fished in the watershed. Tribal government and members of Keweenaw Bay Indian Community are concerned about the effect of any development within the watershed, which is rural, isolated, and lightly populated. For decades, the area has been explored for various minerals. Since 2004, several mineral-exploration firms have been actively investigating areas within the watershed; property acquisition, road construction, and subsurface drilling have taken place close to tributary streams of the Silver River. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with Keweenaw Bay Indian Community, conducted a multi-year water-resources investigation of the Silver River Watershed during 2005-08. Methods of investigation included analyses of streamflow, water-quality sampling, and ecology at eight discrete sites located throughout the watershed. In addition, three continuous-record streamgages located within the watershed provided stage, discharge, specific conductance, and water-temperature data on an hourly basis. Water quality of the Silver River Watershed is typical of many streams in undeveloped areas of Upper Michigan. Concentrations of most analytes typically were low, although several exceeded applicable surface-water-quality standards. Seven samples had concentrations of copper that exceeded the Michigan Department of Environmental Quality standards for wildlife, and one sample had concentrations of cyanide that exceeded the same standards. Concentrations of total mercury at all eight sampling sites exceeded the Great Lakes Basin water-quality standard, but the ratio of methylmercury to total mercury was similar to the 5 to 10 percent found in most natural waters. Concentrations of arsenic and chromium in bed sediments were near the threshold-effect concentration. A qualitative ecological assessment of fishes and macroinvertebrates showed that intolerant salmonids were present at most sampled sites, and macroinvertebrate communities were indicative of near-excellent or excellent conditions at all eight sites. This baseline information will aid in an ongoing monitoring effort designed to protect the water resources of the ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105050","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Keweenaw Bay Indian Community","usgsCitation":"Weaver, T.L., Sullivan, D.J., Rachol, C.M., and Ellis, J.M., 2010, Water quality and hydrology of the Silver River Watershed, Baraga County, Michigan, 2005-08: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5050, ix, 39 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105050.","productDescription":"ix, 39 p.; Appendices","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5050.jpg"},{"id":14136,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.66666666666667,46 ], [ -88.66666666666667,47 ], [ -88,47 ], [ -88,46 ], [ -88.66666666666667,46 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9ba4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, Thomas L. tlweaver@usgs.gov","contributorId":2392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"Thomas","email":"tlweaver@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306249,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sullivan, Daniel J. 0000-0003-2705-3738 djsulliv@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2705-3738","contributorId":1703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sullivan","given":"Daniel","email":"djsulliv@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306248,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rachol, Cynthia M. 0000-0001-9984-3435 crachol@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9984-3435","contributorId":3488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rachol","given":"Cynthia","email":"crachol@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306250,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ellis, James M.","contributorId":29506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellis","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98730,"text":"sir20105107 - 2010 - Endocrine active chemicals and endocrine disruption in Minnesota streams and lakes: Implications for aquatic resources, 1994-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-22T20:55:30.430641","indexId":"sir20105107","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5107","title":"Endocrine active chemicals and endocrine disruption in Minnesota streams and lakes: Implications for aquatic resources, 1994-2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with St. Cloud State University, Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, and the University of Minnesota, has conducted field monitoring studies and laboratory research to determine the presence of endocrine active chemicals and the incidence of endocrine disruption in Minnesota streams and lakes during 1994–2008. Endocrine active chemicals are chemicals that interfere with the natural regulation of endocrine systems, and may mimic or block the function of natural hormones in fish or other organisms. This interference commonly is referred to as endocrine disruption. Indicators of endocrine disruption in fish include vitellogenin (female egg yolk protein normally expressed in female fish) in male fish, oocytes present in male fish testes, reduced reproductive success, and changes in reproductive behavior.
\nThe results from a series of studies during 1994–2008 demonstrate that endocrine active chemicals are present in Minnesota surface waters, indicating that aquatic organism exposure is likely. Endocrine active chemicals have been identified in wastewater-treatment plant effluent and surface waters downstream from discharge of wastewater-treatment plant effluent throughout Minnesota at low concentrations.
\nBiological indicators of endocrine disruption have been detected in wild fish throughout Minnesota at sites directly downstream from wastewater-treatment plant effluent, indicating that endocrine active chemicals in effluent contribute to endocrine disruption in fish. This finding was confirmed in a controlled study exposing fathead minnows to wastewater-treatment plant effluent at an onsite fish exposure laboratory. During this controlled study, changes in biological responses coincided with changes in wastewater-treatment plant effluent composition demonstrating that effluent effects on fish endocrine systems are temporally variable. Although chemicals contributing to endocrine disruption in fish are complex, several laboratory studies have further confirmed that certain classes of chemicals, such as hormones and alkylphenols, which are components of wastewater-treatment plant effluent, affect the endocrine systems of fish through biochemical, structural, and behavioral disruption.
\nAlthough these studies indicate that wastewater-treatment plant effluent is a conduit for endocrine active chemicals to surface waters, endocrine active chemicals also were present in surface waters with no obvious wastewater-treatment plant effluent sources. Endocrine active chemicals were detected and indicators of endocrine disruption in fish were measured at numerous sites upstream from discharge of wastewater-treatment plant effluent. These observations indicate that other unidentified sources of endocrine active chemicals exist, such as runoff from land surfaces, atmospheric deposition, inputs from onsite septic systems, or other groundwater sources. Alternatively, some endocrine active chemicals may not yet have been identified or measured. The presence of biological indicators of endocrine disruption in male fish indicates that the fish are exposed to endocrine active chemicals. However indicators of endocrine disruption in male fish does not indicate an effect on fish reproduction or changes in fish populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with St. Cloud State University, Minnesota Department of Health, Minnesota Pollution Control Agency, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, Metropolitan Council Environmental Services, and the University of Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Lee, K., Schoenfuss, H.L., Barber, L.B., Writer, J.H., Blazer, V., Keisling, R.L., and Ferrey, M.L., 2010, Endocrine active chemicals and endocrine disruption in Minnesota streams and lakes: Implications for aquatic resources, 1994-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5107, Report: vi, 29 p.; 3 Appendixes, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105107.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 29 p.; 3 Appendixes","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic 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2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-13T18:52:05.41074","indexId":"ofr20101188","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1188","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California; 2009","docAbstract":"Results reported herein include trace element concentrations in sediment and in the clam Macoma petalum (formerly reported as Macoma balthica(Cohen and Carlton, 1995)), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure for a mudflat one kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay. This report includes data collected for the period January 2009 to December 2009 and extends a critical long-term biogeochemical record dating back to 1974. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto’s Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.
In 2009, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record and consistent with results observed since 1991. Following significant reductions in the late 1980s, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations appeared to have stabilized. Annual mean concentrations have fluctuated modestly (2–4 fold) in a nondirectional manner. Data for other metals, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc, have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements, which more likely reflect regional inputs and systemwide processes, have remained relatively constant, aside from typical seasonal variation that is common to all elements. Within years, the winter months (January–March) generally exhibit maximum concentrations, with a decline to annual minima in spring through fall. Mercury (Hg) in sediments and M. petalum were comparable to concentrations observed in 2008 and were generally consistent with data from previous years. Selenium (Se) concentrations in sediment varied among years and showed no sustained temporal trend. In 2009, sedimentary Se concentrations declined from the record high concentrations observed in 2008 to concentrations that were among the lowest on record. Selenium in M. petalum was unchanged from 2008. Overall, Cu and Ag concentrations in sediments and soft tissues of the clam, M. petalum, remained representative of the concentrations observed since 1991 following significant reductions in the discharge of these elements from the PARWQCP. This suggests that, as with other elements of regulatory interest, regional-scale factors now largely influence sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Ag and Cu.
Analyses of the benthic community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 36-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam, M. petalum, from the same area. Analysis of the reproductive activity of M. petalum shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable, with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring of most years. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that suggests a more stable community that is subjected to fewer stressors. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (Ampelisca abdita and Streblospio benedicti) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals; both species had short-lived rebounds in abundance in 2008 and 2009. Heteromastus filiformis (a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying its eggs on or in the sediment) showed a concurrent increase in dominance, with the last several years prior to 2008 showing a stable population. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep-dwelling animals like Macoma petalum. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat in 2008, which was the first indication that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or to anoxia. The use of functional ecology was highlighted in the 2009 benthic community data, which show that the animals that have now returned to the mudflat are those that can respond successfully to a physical, nontoxic disturbance. Today we see plenty of animals that consume the sediment, have pelagic larvae that must survive landing on the sediment, and in some cases have eggs that must survive being laid in the sediment. We continue to observe the community’s response to the defaunation event, because it allows us to examine the response of the community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the longer-term recovery we observed in the 1970s, when the decline in sediment pollutants was the dominating factor.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101188","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Dyke, J., Parchaso, J.K., Thompson, J.K., Cain, D.J., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2010, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California; 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1188, ix, 142 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101188.","productDescription":"ix, 142 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115958,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1188.jpg"},{"id":408268,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_94254.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":14123,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"South San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.1022,\n 37.4514\n ],\n [\n -122.1178,\n 37.4514\n ],\n [\n -122.1178,\n 37.4639\n ],\n [\n -122.1022,\n 37.4639\n ],\n [\n -122.1022,\n 37.4514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697f58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - 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2010 - User's guide for MAGIC-Meteorologic and hydrologic genscn (generate scenarios) input converter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"ofr20101221","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1221","title":"User's guide for MAGIC-Meteorologic and hydrologic genscn (generate scenarios) input converter","docAbstract":"Meteorologic and hydrologic data used in watershed modeling studies are collected by various agencies and organizations, and stored in various formats. Data may be in a raw, un-processed format with little or no quality control, or may be checked for validity before being made available. Flood-simulation systems require data in near real-time so that adequate flood warnings can be made. Additionally, forecasted data are needed to operate flood-control structures to potentially mitigate flood damages. Because real-time data are of a provisional nature, missing data may need to be estimated for use in floodsimulation systems. The Meteorologic and Hydrologic GenScn (Generate Scenarios) Input Converter (MAGIC) can be used to convert data from selected formats into the Hydrologic Simulation System-Fortran hourly-observations format for input to a Watershed Data Management database, for use in hydrologic modeling studies. MAGIC also can reformat the data to the Full Equations model time-series format, for use in hydraulic modeling studies. Examples of the application of MAGIC for use in the flood-simulation system for Salt Creek in northeastern Illinois are presented in this report.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101221","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with DuPage County Department of Economic Development and Planning, Stormwater Management Division","usgsCitation":"Ortel, T., and Martin, A., 2010, User's guide for MAGIC-Meteorologic and hydrologic genscn (generate scenarios) input converter: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1221, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101221.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1221.jpg"},{"id":14116,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2110","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortel, Terry W.","contributorId":55119,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortel","given":"Terry W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Martin, Angel Jr.","contributorId":42571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Martin","given":"Angel","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70200209,"text":"70200209 - 2010 - News and views","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T16:36:29","indexId":"70200209","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-16T16:35:29","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"News and views","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00755.x","usgsCitation":"Grabert, V.K., Kaback, D.S., Parker, B.L., Chapman, S.W., Cherry, J.A., Chapelle, F.H., Singletary , M., Einarson, M.D., Mackay, D.M., and Bennett, P.J., 2010, News and views: Groundwater, v. 48, no. 6, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2010.00755.x.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c673e4b034bf6a7f40cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grabert, Vicki Kretsinger","contributorId":209228,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grabert","given":"Vicki","email":"","middleInitial":"Kretsinger","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaback, Dawn Samara","contributorId":209229,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kaback","given":"Dawn","email":"","middleInitial":"Samara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748331,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parker, Beth L.","contributorId":209230,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Parker","given":"Beth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748332,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chapman, Steven W.","contributorId":35867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapman","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748333,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cherry, John A.","contributorId":189750,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cherry","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748334,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Chapelle, Francis H. chapelle@usgs.gov","contributorId":1350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"Francis","email":"chapelle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748335,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Singletary , Michael A. ","contributorId":184217,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Singletary ","given":"Michael A. ","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Einarson, Murray D.","contributorId":209231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Einarson","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Mackay, Douglas M.","contributorId":22081,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackay","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Bennett, Peter J.","contributorId":209256,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bennett","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":98702,"text":"sir20105056 - 2010 - Relation of urbanization to stream habitat and geomorphic characteristics in nine metropolitan areas of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"sir20105056","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5056","title":"Relation of urbanization to stream habitat and geomorphic characteristics in nine metropolitan areas of the United States","docAbstract":"The relation of urbanization to stream habitat and geomorphic characteristics was examined collectively and individually for nine metropolitan areas of the United States?Portland, Oregon; Salt Lake City, Utah; Denver, Colorado; Dallas?Forth Worth, Texas; Milwaukee?Green Bay, Wisconsin; Birmingham, Alabama; Atlanta, Georgia; Raleigh, North Carolina; and Boston, Massachusetts. The study was part of a larger study conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey from 1999 to 2004 to examine the effects of urbanization on the physical, chemical, and biological components of stream ecosystems. The objectives of the current study were to determine how stream habitat and geomorphic characteristics relate to different aspects of urbanization across a variety of diverse environmental settings and spatial scales. A space-for-time rural-to-urban land-cover gradient approach was used. Reach-scale habitat data and geomorphic characteristic data were collected once during low flow and included indicators of potential habitat degradation such as measures of channel geometry and hydraulics, streambed substrate, low-flow reach volume (an estimate of base-flow conditions), habitat complexity, and riparian/bank conditions. Hydrologic metrics included in the analyses were those expected to be altered by increases in impervious surfaces, such as high-flow frequency and duration, flashiness, and low-flow duration. Other natural and human features, such as reach-scale channel engineering, geologic setting, and slope, were quantified to identify their possible confounding influences on habitat relations with watershed-scale urbanization indicators. Habitat and geomorphic characteristics were compared to several watershed-scale indicators of urbanization, natural landscape characteristics, and hydrologic metrics by use of correlation analyses and stepwise linear regression.\r\n\r\nHabitat and geomorphic characteristics were related to percentages of impervious surfaces only in some metropolitan areas and environmental settings. The relations between watershed-scale indicators of urbanization and stream habitat depended on physiography and climate, hydrology, pre-urban channel alterations, reach-scale slope and presence of bedrock, and amount of bank stabilization and grade control. Channels increased in size with increasing percentages of impervious surfaces in southeastern and midwestern metropolitan areas regardless of whether the pre-existing land use was forest or agriculture. The amount of enlargement depended on annual precipitation and frequency of high-flow events. The lack of a relation between channel enlargement and increasing impervious surfaces in other metropolitan areas was thought to be confounded by pre-urbanization hydrologic and channel alterations. Direct relations of channel shape and streambed substrate to urbanization were variable or lacking, probably because the type, amount, and source of sediment are dependent on the phase of urbanization. Reach-scale slope also was important for determining variations in streambed substrate and habitat complexity (percentage of riffles and runs). Urbanization-associated changes in reach-scale riparian vegetation varied geographically, partially depending on pre-existing riparian vegetation characteristics. Bank erosion increased in Milwaukee?Green Bay and Boston urban streams, and bank erosion also increased with an increase in a streamflow flashiness index. However, potential relations likely were confounded by the frequent use of channel stabilization and bank protection in urban settings. Low-flow reach volume did not decrease with increasing urbanization, but instead was related to natural landscape characteristics and possibly other unmeasured factors. The presence of intermittent bedrock in some sampled reaches likely limited some geomorphic responses to urbanization, such as channel bed erosion. Results from this study emphasize the importance of including a wide range of landscape variables at m","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105056","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Fitzpatrick, F.A., and Peppler, M.C., 2010, Relation of urbanization to stream habitat and geomorphic characteristics in nine metropolitan areas of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5056, viii, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105056.","productDescription":"viii, 29 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115953,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5056.jpg"},{"id":14110,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5056/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6349f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitzpatrick, Faith A. fafitzpa@usgs.gov","contributorId":1182,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitzpatrick","given":"Faith","email":"fafitzpa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":306168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peppler, Marie C. 0000-0002-1120-9673 mpeppler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1120-9673","contributorId":825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peppler","given":"Marie","email":"mpeppler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98704,"text":"fs20103075 - 2010 - Characterization of Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2004-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:32","indexId":"fs20103075","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3075","title":"Characterization of Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2004-08","docAbstract":"Fish Creek, a tributary to the Snake River, is about 15 river miles long and is located in Teton County in western Wyoming near the town of Wilson (fig. 1). Public concern about nuisance growths of aquatic plants in Fish Creek has been increasing since the early 2000s. To address this concern, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District, began studying Fish Creek in 2004 to describe the hydrology of the creek and later (2007?08) to characterize the water quality and the biological communities. The purpose of this fact sheet is to summarize the study results from 2004 to 2008.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103075","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Teton Conservation District\r\n","usgsCitation":"Eddy-Miller, C., Peterson, D.A., Wheeler, J.D., and Leemon, D.J., 2010, Characterization of Fish Creek, Teton County, Wyoming, 2004-08: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3075, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103075.","productDescription":"4 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3075.jpg"},{"id":14112,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3075/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.91666666666667,43.416666666666664 ], [ -110.91666666666667,43.61666666666667 ], [ -110.71666666666667,43.61666666666667 ], [ -110.71666666666667,43.416666666666664 ], [ -110.91666666666667,43.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eddy-Miller, Cheryl A.","contributorId":86755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eddy-Miller","given":"Cheryl A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":306171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wheeler, Jerrod D. 0000-0002-0533-8700 jwheele@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0533-8700","contributorId":1893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wheeler","given":"Jerrod","email":"jwheele@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":685,"text":"Wyoming-Montana Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Leemon, Daniel J.","contributorId":70090,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leemon","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306173,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98698,"text":"fs20103073 - 2010 - Decadal-scale changes in dissolved-solids concentrations in groundwater used for public supply, Salt Lake Valley, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-13T16:15:46","indexId":"fs20103073","displayToPublicDate":"2010-09-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3073","title":"Decadal-scale changes in dissolved-solids concentrations in groundwater used for public supply, Salt Lake Valley, Utah","docAbstract":"Basin-fill aquifers are a major source of good-quality water for public supply in many areas of the southwestern United States and have undergone increasing development as populations have grown over time. During 2005, the basin-fill aquifer in Salt Lake Valley, Utah, provided approximately 75,000 acre-feet, or about 29 percent of the total amount of water used by a population of 967,000. Groundwater in the unconsolidated basin-fill deposits that make up the aquifer occurs under unconfined and confined conditions. Water in the shallow unconfined part of the groundwater system is susceptible to near-surface contamination and generally is not used as a source of drinking water. Groundwater for public supply is withdrawn from the deeper unconfined and confined parts of the system, termed the principal aquifer, because yields generally are greater and water quality is better (including lower dissolved-solids concentrations) than in the shallower parts of the system. Much of the water in the principal aquifer is derived from recharge in the adjacent Wasatch Range (mountain-block recharge). In many areas, the principal aquifer is separated from the overlying shallow aquifer by confining layers of less permeable, fine-grained sediment that inhibit the downward movement of water and any potential contaminants from the surface. Nonetheless, under certain hydrologic conditions, human-related activities can increase dissolved-solids concentrations in the principal aquifer and result in groundwater becoming unsuitable for consumption without treatment or mixing with water having lower dissolved-solids concentrations. Dissolved-solids concentrations in areas of the principal aquifer used for public supply typically are less than 500 milligrams per liter (mg/L), the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) secondary (nonenforceable) drinking-water standard. However, substantial increases in dissolved-solids concentrations in the principal aquifer have been documented in some areas used for public supply, raising concerns as to the source(s) and cause(s) of the higher concentrations and the potential long-term effects on groundwater quality.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20103073","usgsCitation":"Thiros, S.A., and Spangler, L., 2010, Decadal-scale changes in dissolved-solids concentrations in groundwater used for public supply, Salt Lake Valley, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3073, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103073.","productDescription":"6 p.","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":14104,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":115952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3073.jpg"},{"id":334728,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3073/pdf/fs20103073.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Salt Lake Valley","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.11749999999999,40.43333333333333 ], [ -112.11749999999999,40.81666666666667 ], [ -111.78472222222221,40.81666666666667 ], [ -111.78472222222221,40.43333333333333 ], [ -112.11749999999999,40.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","publicComments":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672724","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thiros, Susan A. 0000-0002-8544-553X sthiros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8544-553X","contributorId":965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thiros","given":"Susan","email":"sthiros@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":306155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spangler, Larry","contributorId":39098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":306154,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}