Extreme hydrologic responses following wildfires can lead to floods and debris flows with costly economic and societal impacts. Process-based hydrologic and geomorphic models used to predict the downstream impacts of wildfire must account for temporal changes in hydrologic parameters related to the generation and subsequent routing of infiltration-excess overland flow across the landscape. However, we lack quantitative relationships showing how parameters change with time-since-burning, particularly at the watershed scale. To assess variations in best-fit hydrologic parameters with time, we used the KINEROS2 hydrological model to explore temporal changes in hillslope saturated hydraulic conductivity (Ksh) and channel hydraulic roughness (nc) following a wildfire in the upper Arroyo Seco watershed (41.5 km2), which burned during the 2009 Station fire in the San Gabriel Mountains, California, USA. This study explored runoff-producing storms between 2008 and 2014 to infer watershed hydraulic properties by calibrating the model to observations at the watershed outlet. Modelling indicates Ksh is lowest in the first year following the fire and then increases at an average rate of approximately 4.2 mm/h/year during the first 5 years of recovery. The estimated values for Ksh in the first year following the fire are similar to those obtained in previous studies on smaller watersheds (<1.5 km2) following the Station fire, suggesting hydrologic changes detected here can be applied to lower-order watersheds. Hydraulic roughness, nc, was lowest in the first year following the fire, but increased by a factor of 2 after 1 year of recovery. Post-fire observations suggest changes in nc are due to changes in grain roughness and vegetation in channels. These results provide quantitative constraints on the magnitude of fire-induced hydrologic changes following severe wildfires in chaparral-dominated ecosystems as well as the timing of hydrologic recovery.
Aquatic vegetation is a key component of large floodplain river ecosystems. In the Upper Mississippi River System (UMRS), there is a long-standing interest in restoring aquatic vegetation in areas where it has declined or disappeared. To better understand what constrains vegetation distribution in large river ecosystems and inform ongoing efforts to restore submersed aquatic vegetation (SAV), we delineated areas in ~1200 river km of the UMRS where the combined effects of water clarity, water level fluctuation, and bathymetry appeared suitable for establishment and persistence of SAV based on a 22-year dataset for total suspended solids (TSS), water surface elevation, and aquatic vegetation distribution. We found a large increase in suitable area downstream from a large natural riverine lake near the northern end of the UMRS (river km 1230) that functions as a sink for suspended material. Downstream from river km 895, there was much less suitable area due to decreased water clarity from tributary input of suspended material, changes in river geomorphology, and increased water level fluctuation. A hypothetical scenario of 75% reduction in TSS resulted in only minor increases in suitable area in the southern portion of the UMRS, indicating limitations by water level fluctuation and/or bathymetry (i.e., limited shallow area). These results improve our understanding of the structure and function of large river systems by illustrating how water clarity, fluctuations in water level, and river geomorphology interact to create complex spatial patterns in habitat suitability for aquatic species and may help to identify locations most and least likely to benefit from management and restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s13157-021-01454-1","usgsCitation":"Carhart, A., Kalas, J., Rogala, J.T., Rohweder, J.J., Drake, D.C., and Houser, J.N., 2021, Understanding constraints on submersed vegetation distribution in a large, floodplain river: The role of water level fluctuations, water clarity and river geomorphology: Wetlands, v. 41, 57, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01454-1.","productDescription":"57, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119793","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9TWZXVZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Predicted total number of years and percentage of years from 1993-2014 with conditions suitable for submersed aquatic vegetation based on light availability and water level fluctuations for the Upper Mississippi River System data"},{"id":385752,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Minnesota, Missouri, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Upper Mississippi River System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ],\n [\n -89.12109375,\n 39.436192999314095\n ],\n [\n -88.9453125,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -88.857421875,\n 43.54854811091286\n ],\n [\n -89.3408203125,\n 45.1510532655634\n ],\n [\n -91.3623046875,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -94.04296874999999,\n 46.13417004624326\n ],\n [\n -95.537109375,\n 45.42929873257377\n ],\n [\n -95.4052734375,\n 42.71473218539458\n ],\n [\n -94.306640625,\n 40.245991504199026\n ],\n [\n -92.59277343749999,\n 38.20365531807149\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 36.98500309285596\n ],\n [\n -89.47265625,\n 36.80928470205937\n ],\n [\n -89.033203125,\n 37.09023980307208\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carhart, Alicia 0000-0002-9977-8124","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9977-8124","contributorId":223884,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carhart","given":"Alicia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816042,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kalas, John","contributorId":223883,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalas","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rogala, James T. 0000-0002-1954-4097 jrogala@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1954-4097","contributorId":2651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogala","given":"James","email":"jrogala@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rohweder, Jason J. 0000-0001-5131-9773 jrohweder@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5131-9773","contributorId":150539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rohweder","given":"Jason","email":"jrohweder@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Drake, Deanne C.","contributorId":207846,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Drake","given":"Deanne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":6913,"text":"Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":816046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Houser, Jeffrey N. 0000-0003-3295-3132 jhouser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3295-3132","contributorId":2769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houser","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jhouser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70220370,"text":"ofr20211036 - 2021 - Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-07T19:39:47.723836","indexId":"ofr20211036","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-07T08:23:02","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1036","displayTitle":"Survival and Growth of Suckers in Mesocosms at Three Locations Within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018","title":"Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018","docAbstract":"Due to high mortality in the first year or two of life, Lost River (Deltistes luxatus sp.) and Shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris sp.) in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon rarely reach maturity. In 2015, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service began the Sucker Assisted Rearing Program (SARP) to improve early life survival before releasing the fish back into Upper Klamath Lake. Survival and growth rates were compared for fish in mesocosms among three potential release or in-lake rearing sites, and in a pond at the SARP rearing facility. Fish used in this study included a mix of Lost River, Shortnose, and Klamath largescale suckers reared at either U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service or Klamath Tribes fish rearing facilities. These sites were Shoalwater Bay (SWB), Rattlesnake Point (RPT), and Cove Point (CPT). Ninety-nine to 103 suckers tagged with passive integrated transponders (PIT) were placed into each mesocosm for up to 80 days and up to 103 days in the SARP pond. Cessation of movement, as determined by passive detection of tagged fish on remote antennas, indicated mortality. Dissolved-oxygen saturation, temperature, and pH were tracked hourly in each mesocosm. All the suckers placed into the SWB mesocosm died during an extreme hypoxia event. These fish were replaced with another 120 PIT-tagged and 2 untagged hatchery-reared Lost River suckers from the Klamath Tribes Fish Research Facility (KTFRF), of which, all but two died during a second extreme hypoxia event. It was determined that SWB was an unsuitable site for summertime release or rearing of juvenile suckers in 2018. The summer survival rate was ≥86 percent at CPT, RPT, and the SARP pond. Suckers in the SARP pond grew slightly slower and gained less weight relative to increases in length than suckers held at RPT and CPT. All suckers sampled at the start of the study from both the SARP facility and the KTFRF, when water temperatures averaged approximately 18–22 degrees Celsius (°C), were infected with low levels of the gill parasite Ichthyobodo sp. Ichthyobodo sp. was detected on only 1 of 16 suckers sampled from CPT, RPT, and the SARP pond in late September or early October when water temperatures were approximately 16–19 °C, indicating fish were able to shed the parasite in cooler temperatures. Water quality conditions at RPT and CPT were adequate for in-lake rearing of SARP suckers in 2018. Due to interannual differences in water quality conditions, these sites may not be suitable in all years. Future research focused on the suitability of RPT, CPT and other potential sites under in years with varying conditions would be beneficial for improving sucker in-lake rearing practices. Additional research could help to elucidate how size at entry into the mesocosms affects sucker survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211036","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Burdick, S.M., Conway, C.M., Ostberg, C.O., Bart, R.J., and Elliott, D.G., 2021, Survival and growth of suckers in mesocosms at three locations within Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1036, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211036.","productDescription":"v, 18 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119761","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385517,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1036/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385518,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1036/ofr20211036.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.9 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1036"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.24478535602799\n ],\n [\n -121.79855346679686,\n 42.39810802339276\n ],\n [\n -121.95098876953125,\n 42.6147595985433\n ],\n [\n -122.12265014648438,\n 42.48627657532139\n ],\n [\n -121.96884155273436,\n 42.34129022434778\n ],\n [\n -121.9207763671875,\n 42.261049162113856\n ],\n [\n -121.81365966796874,\n 42.22139878761366\n ],\n [\n -121.79031372070312,\n 42.24478535602799\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016
Understanding groundwater flow and pumping effects near pending mining operations requires accurate subsurface hydraulic characterization. To improve conceptual models of groundwater flow and development in the complex hydrogeologic system near Long Canyon Mine, in northwestern Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada, the U.S. Geological Survey characterized the hydraulic properties of carbonate rocks and basin-fill aquifers using an integrated analysis of steady-state and stressed aquifer conditions informed by water chemistry and aquifer-test data. Hydraulic gradients and groundwater-age data in northern Goshute Valley indicate carbonate rocks in the Pequop Mountains just west and south of the Long Canyon Mine project area constitute a more permeable and active flow system than saturated rocks in the northern Pequop Mountains, western Toano Range, and basin fill. Permeable carbonate rocks in the northern Pequop Mountains, in part, discharge to the Johnson Springs wetland complex (JSWC), where mean groundwater ages range from 500 to 2,400 years and samples all contain a small fraction of modern waters, relative to mean ages of 8,600 to more than 22,000 years for most groundwater sampled to the north and east. Recharge to the JSWC occurs from a roughly 27-square-mile area in the upgradient Pequop Mountains to the west, composed mostly of permeable carbonate rock and fractured quartzite, and bounded by low-permeability shales and marbleized and siliclastic rocks.
Single-well aquifer-test analyses provided transmissivity estimates at pumped wells. Transmissivity estimates ranged from 7,000 to 400,000 feet squared per day (ft2/d) in carbonate rocks and from 2,000 to 80,000 ft2/d in basin fill near the Long Canyon Mine. Water-level drawdown from multiple-well aquifer testing and rise from unintentional leakage into the overlying basin-fill aquifer were estimated and distinguished from natural fluctuations in 93 pumping and monitoring sites using analytical water-level models. Leakage of disposed aquifer-test pumpage occurred south of the aquifer test area through an unlined irrigation ditch. Drawdown was detected at distances of as much as 3 miles (mi) from pumping wells at all but one carbonate-rock site, at basin-fill sites on the alluvial fan immediately downgradient from pumping wells, and in Big Spring and spring NS-05. Similar drawdowns in carbonate rocks within the drawdown detection area suggest all wells penetrate a highly transmissive zone (HTZ) that is bounded by low-permeability rocks. Drawdown was not detected in carbonate rocks to the west of Canyon fault, in any basin-fill sites on the valley floor east of the Hardy fault, or at volcanic sites to the north, indicating that these major fault structures and (or) permeability contrasts between hydrogeologic units impeded groundwater flow or obscured pumping signals. Alternatively, unintentional leakage might have obscured drawdown at basin-fill sites on the valley floor, where water-level rise was detected at nine sites over 3 mi.
Consistent hydraulic properties were estimated by simultaneously interpreting steady-state flow during predevelopment conditions and changes in groundwater levels and springflows from the 2016 carbonate-rock aquifer test with an integrated groundwater-flow model. Hydraulic properties were distributed across carbonate rocks, basin fill, volcanic rocks, and siliciclastic rocks with a hydrogeologic framework developed from geologic mapping and hydraulic testing. Estimated transmissivity distributions spanned at least three orders of magnitude in each rock unit. In the HTZ, simulated transmissivities ranged from 10,000 to 23,000,000 ft2/d, with the most transmissive areas occurring around Big Spring. Comparatively low carbonate-rock transmissivities of less than 10,000 ft2/d were estimated in the northern Pequop Mountains and poorly defined values of less than 1,000 ft2/d were estimated in the western Toano Range. Transmissivities in basin fill ranged from less than 10 to 80,000 ft2/d and were minimally constrained by the 2016 carbonate-rock aquifer test because poorly quantified leakage affected water levels more so than pumping. The most transmissive areas were informed by single-well aquifer tests along the eastern edge of the Pequop Mountains near Long Canyon Mine and could be indicative of a hydraulic connection between basin fill and more transmissive underlying carbonate rocks. Simulated transmissivities of volcanic and low-permeability rocks mostly are less than 1,000 ft2/d. The estimated hydraulic-property distributions and informed interpretation of hydraulic connections among hydrogeologic units improved the characterization and representation of groundwater flow near the Long Canyon Mine.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20215021","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Division of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Garcia, C.A., Halford, K.J., Gardner, P.M., and Smith, D.W., 2021, Hydraulic characterization of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2021–5021, 99 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20215021.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 99 p.; 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-094004","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397361,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/sir20215021.XML"},{"id":397360,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/images"},{"id":385454,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9P1P7QV","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Appendixes and supplemental data—Hydraulic characterization of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada, 2011–16."},{"id":385453,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9JI8NQF","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW-2005 and PEST models used to simulate the 2016 carbonate-rock aquifer test and characterize hydraulic properties of carbonate-rock and basin-fill aquifers near Long Canyon, Goshute Valley, northeastern Nevada."},{"id":385451,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385452,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2021/5021/sir20215021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2021-5021"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Goshute Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.98840332031249,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -114.2633056640625,\n 40.55554790286311\n ],\n [\n -114.2633056640625,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -114.98840332031249,\n 41.693424216151314\n ],\n [\n -114.98840332031249,\n 40.55554790286311\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2130 SW 5th Avenue
Portland, Oregon 97201
Understanding biodiversity in aquatic systems is critical to ecological research and conservation efforts, but accurately measuring species richness using traditional methods can be challenging. Environmental DNA (eDNA) metabarcoding, which uses high-throughput sequencing and universal primers to amplify DNA from multiple species present in an environmental sample, has shown great promise for augmenting results from traditional sampling to characterize fish communities in aquatic systems. Few studies, however, have compared exhaustive traditional sampling with eDNA metabarcoding of corresponding water samples at a small spatial scale. We intensively sampled Boardman Lake (1.4 km2) in Michigan, USA, from May to June in 2019 using gill and fyke nets and paired each net set with lake water samples collected in triplicate. We analyzed water samples using eDNA metabarcoding with 12S and 16S fish-specific primers and compared estimates of fish diversity among methods. In total, we set 60 nets and analyzed 180 1 L lake water samples. We captured a total of 12 fish species in our traditional gear and detected 40 taxa in the eDNA water samples, which included all the species observed in nets. The 12S and 16S assays detected a comparable number of taxa, but taxonomic resolution varied between the two genes. In our traditional gear, there was a clear difference in the species selectivity between the two net types, and there were several species commonly detected in the eDNA samples that were not captured in nets. Finally, we detected spatial heterogeneity in fish community composition across relatively small scales in Boardman Lake with eDNA metabarcoding, but not with traditional sampling. Our results demonstrated that eDNA metabarcoding was substantially more efficient than traditional gear for estimating community composition, highlighting the utility of eDNA metabarcoding for assessing species diversity and informing management and conservation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/edn3.197","usgsCitation":"Gehri, R., Larson, W., Gruenthal, K., Sard, N., and Shi, Y., 2021, eDNA metabarcoding outperforms traditional fisheries sampling and reveals fine-scale heterogeneity in a temperate freshwater lake: Environmental DNA, v. 3, no. 5, p. 919-929, https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.197.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"919","endPage":"929","ipdsId":"IP-120930","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/edn3.197","text":"External Repository"},{"id":481011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Boardman Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.76069598432639\n ],\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.73083633270895\n ],\n [\n -85.604420992646,\n 44.73083633270895\n ],\n [\n -85.604420992646,\n 44.76069598432639\n ],\n [\n -85.62050841290632,\n 44.76069598432639\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gehri, Rebecca R.","contributorId":349609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gehri","given":"Rebecca R.","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":924516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gruenthal, Kristen","contributorId":349610,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gruenthal","given":"Kristen","affiliations":[{"id":17717,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Stevens Point","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sard, Nicholas","contributorId":243196,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sard","given":"Nicholas","affiliations":[{"id":48660,"text":"SUNY Oswego","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Shi, Yue","contributorId":349037,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shi","given":"Yue","affiliations":[{"id":6752,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":924520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70220253,"text":"70220253 - 2021 - Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-03T16:20:59.899733","indexId":"70220253","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:45:12","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","title":"Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The timing of life history events in many plants and animals depends on the seasonal fluctuations of specific environmental conditions. Climate change is altering environmental regimes and disrupting natural cycles and patterns across communities. Anadromous fishes that migrate between marine and freshwater habitats to spawn are particularly sensitive to shifting environmental conditions and thus are vulnerable to the effects of climate change. However, for many anadromous fish species the specific environmental mechanisms driving migration and spawning patterns are not well understood. In this study, we investigated the upstream spawning migrations of river herring Alosa spp. in 12 coastal Massachusetts streams. By analyzing long-term data sets (8–28 years) of daily fish counts, we determined the local influence of environmental factors on daily migration patterns and compared seasonal run dynamics and environmental regimes among streams. Our results suggest that water temperature was the most consistent predictor of both daily river herring presence–absence and abundance during migration. We found inconsistent effects of streamflow and lunar phase, likely due to the anthropogenic manipulation of flow and connectivity in different systems. Geographic patterns in run dynamics and thermal regimes suggest that the more northerly runs in this region are relatively vulnerable to climate change due to migration occurring later in the spring season, at warmer water temperatures that approach thermal maxima, and during a narrower temporal window compared to southern runs. The phenology of river herring and their reliance on seasonal temperature patterns indicate that populations of these species may benefit from management practices that reduce within-stream anthropogenic water temperature manipulations and maintain coolwater thermal refugia.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1002/tafs.10301","usgsCitation":"Legett, H., Jordaan, A., Roy, A.H., Sheppard, J., Somos-Valenzuela, M., and Staudinger, M., 2021, Daily patterns of river herring (Alosa spp.) spawning migrations: Environmental drivers and variation among coastal streams in Massachusetts: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 150, no. 4, p. 501-513, https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10301.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"501","endPage":"513","ipdsId":"IP-122758","costCenters":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":489097,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/tafs.10301","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386131,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 42.879989517714826\n ],\n [\n -70.82611083984375,\n 42.577354839557856\n ],\n [\n -70.65032958984375,\n 42.56926437219384\n ],\n [\n -70.5596923828125,\n 42.64002037386321\n ],\n [\n -70.62286376953124,\n 42.70867781741311\n ],\n [\n -70.78216552734375,\n 42.938328528472546\n ],\n [\n -70.91125488281249,\n 42.879989517714826\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ],\n [\n -71.03759765625,\n 41.469486382476376\n ],\n [\n -70.40313720703125,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -69.84832763671875,\n 41.67496335351134\n ],\n [\n -69.90325927734375,\n 41.83478149415483\n ],\n [\n -70.125732421875,\n 41.83887416186901\n ],\n [\n -70.3948974609375,\n 41.76721469421018\n ],\n [\n -70.609130859375,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -70.71624755859374,\n 42.00848901572399\n ],\n [\n -71.34521484375,\n 41.87365126992505\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"150","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Legett, Henry","contributorId":257708,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Legett","given":"Henry","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jordaan, Adrian","contributorId":257709,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jordaan","given":"Adrian","affiliations":[{"id":37201,"text":"UMass Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Roy, Allison H. 0000-0002-8080-2729 aroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8080-2729","contributorId":4240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roy","given":"Allison","email":"aroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sheppard, John","contributorId":257712,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sheppard","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":52088,"text":"MA DMF","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Somos-Valenzuela, Marcelo","contributorId":257713,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Somos-Valenzuela","given":"Marcelo","affiliations":[{"id":52089,"text":"Universidad de La Frontera","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":814908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Staudinger, Michelle 0000-0002-4535-2005","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4535-2005","contributorId":206655,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staudinger","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[{"id":5080,"text":"Northeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":814909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70262200,"text":"70262200 - 2021 - Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-01-15T16:30:27.357865","indexId":"70262200","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:24:37","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1399,"text":"Diversity and Distributions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers","docAbstract":"To evaluate the ability of precipitation-based environmental DNA (eDNA) sample collection and mitochondrial 12S metabarcoding sequencing to reconstruct well-studied fish communities in lakes and rivers. Specific objectives were to 1) determine correlations between eDNA species detections and known community composition based on conventional field sampling, 2) compare efficiency of eDNA to detect fish biodiversity among systems with variable morphologies and trophic states, and 3) determine if species habitat preferences predict eDNA detection.
Upper Great Lakes Region, North America.
Fish community composition was estimated for seven lakes and two Mississippi River navigation pools using sequence data from the mitochondrial 12S gene amplified from 10 to 50 water samples per waterbody collected in 50-mL centrifuge tubes at a single time point. Environmental DNA (eDNA) was concentrated without filtration by centrifuging samples to reduce per-sample handling time. Taxonomic detections from eDNA were compared to established community monitoring databases containing up to 40 years of sampling and a detailed habitat/substrate preference matrix to identify patterns of bias.
Mitochondrial 12S gene metabarcoding detected 15%–47% of the known species at each waterbody and 30%–76% of known genera. Non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS) assessment of the community structure indicated that eDNA-detected communities grouped in a similar pattern as known communities. Discriminant analysis of principal components indicated that there was a high degree of overlap in habitat/substrate preference of eDNA-detected and eDNA-undetected species suggesting limited habitat bias for eDNA sampling.
Large numbers of small volume samples sequenced at the mitochondrial 12S gene can describe the coarse community structure of freshwater systems. However, additional conventional sampling and environmental DNA sampling may be necessary for a complete diversity census.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/ddi.13253","usgsCitation":"Euclide, P., Lor, Y., Spear, M., Tajjioui, T., Vander Zanden, M., Larson, W., and Amberg, J., 2021, Environmental DNA metabarcoding as a tool for biodiversity assessment and monitoring: Reconstructing established fish communities of north-temperate lakes and rivers: Diversity and Distributions, v. 27, no. 10, p. 1966-1980, https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13253.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1966","endPage":"1980","ipdsId":"IP-124028","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":487537,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/ddi.13253","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":466425,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois, Iowa, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.69650645627553,\n 42.67261502369823\n ],\n [\n -87.50037188847926,\n 44.96099256889755\n ],\n [\n -88.12421244787475,\n 45.82427169426791\n ],\n [\n -90.90876519937515,\n 46.80434775293887\n ],\n [\n -92.74682473245406,\n 46.577434240390176\n ],\n [\n -92.71276788305403,\n 44.70480675177035\n ],\n [\n -91.11604087595344,\n 43.46353667736918\n ],\n [\n -91.4600402858816,\n 42.70232293796812\n ],\n [\n -90.81653570303575,\n 41.91372416048236\n ],\n [\n -91.73687842169363,\n 40.83446553068484\n ],\n [\n -91.1461518055107,\n 40.30547432621668\n ],\n [\n -89.98143751284452,\n 42.22475699654589\n ],\n [\n -87.69650645627553,\n 42.67261502369823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"27","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Euclide, Peter T.","contributorId":348493,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Euclide","given":"Peter T.","affiliations":[{"id":7200,"text":"University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lor, Yer 0000-0002-5738-2412","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5738-2412","contributorId":210011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lor","given":"Yer","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spear, Michael J.","contributorId":348494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spear","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tajjioui, Tariq 0000-0002-0113-0451","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0113-0451","contributorId":215091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tajjioui","given":"Tariq","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Vander Zanden, M. Jake","contributorId":348495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vander Zanden","given":"M. Jake","affiliations":[{"id":7122,"text":"University of Wisconsin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":923480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Larson, Wesley 0000-0003-4473-3401 wlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4473-3401","contributorId":199509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Wesley","email":"wlarson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Amberg, Jon 0000-0002-8351-4861 jamberg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8351-4861","contributorId":149785,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Amberg","given":"Jon","email":"jamberg@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":923481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70229746,"text":"70229746 - 2021 - Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-16T15:08:34.373821","indexId":"70229746","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T10:03:19","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach","docAbstract":"An in situ bioassay approach was used to determine whether aquatic contaminant stressors in a large Atlantic river ecosystem affect the survival of 3 fish species: the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides, juveniles), the fathead minnow (Pimephales promelas, adults), and the robust redhorse (Moxostoma robustum, juveniles). Hatchery-propagated fish were placed into cages to assess site-specific survival in the Yadkin-Pee Dee River of North Carolina and South Carolina, USA. Contaminants were measured in caged fish and sediment and surface water at each site. No apparent longitudinal trends in fish survival were detected, and contaminant concentrations varied among sites. Juvenile largemouth bass and robust redhorse did not survive past 13 and 23 d, with corresponding Kaplan-Meier median survival estimates of 9.7 and 12.1 d, respectively. Survival of adult fathead minnows deployed in cages alongside the juvenile fish averaged 43% at the end of the 28-d exposure, with a 22-d median survival estimate. The intersex condition, an indicator of endocrine disruption, was not observed in any adult fathead minnow. Contaminant accumulation in surviving fathead minnows was apparent, with highest accumulated concentrations of polychlorinated biphenyls (34.6–93.4 ng/g dry wt), organochlorine pesticides (19.9–66.1 ng/g dry wt), and mercury (0.17–0.63 μg/g dry wt). Contaminants and other water quality stressors in this river system appear to detrimentally impact juvenile fish survival, with presumed effects at the fish assemblage and community levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5104","usgsCitation":"Grieshaber, C.A., Cope, W., Kwak, T.J., Penland, T.N., Heise, R., and Law, J., 2021, Survival and contaminants in imperiled and common riverine fishes assessed with an in situ bioassay approach: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 40, no. 8, p. 2206-2219, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5104.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2206","endPage":"2219","ipdsId":"IP-128449","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397155,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Yadkin-Pee Dee River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ],\n [\n -80.5517578125,\n 36.59788913307022\n ],\n [\n -81.7822265625,\n 36.4566360115962\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -79.013671875,\n 33.063924198120645\n ],\n [\n -77.7392578125,\n 34.161818161230386\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grieshaber, C. A.","contributorId":275797,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grieshaber","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cope, W. G.","contributorId":275793,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cope","given":"W. G.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kwak, Thomas J. 0000-0002-0616-137X tkwak@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0616-137X","contributorId":834,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kwak","given":"Thomas","email":"tkwak@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":838169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Penland, T. N.","contributorId":275792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penland","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Heise, R. J.","contributorId":275798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Heise","given":"R. J.","affiliations":[{"id":48960,"text":"Duke Energy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838171,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Law, J. M.","contributorId":288662,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Law","given":"J. M.","affiliations":[{"id":7091,"text":"North Carolina State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":838172,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70222490,"text":"70222490 - 2021 - Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-30T13:04:31.964357","indexId":"70222490","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T08:01:20","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Riparian forests buffer the negative effects of cropland on macroinvertebrate diversity in lowland Amazonian streams","docAbstract":"Riparian forests regulate stream ecosystems and biodiversity. Therefore, changes to riparian structure may threaten stream ecosystem function by triggering taxonomic and functional changes to aquatic communities. Because macroinvertebrate assemblages are sensitive to environmental changes, they can be effective indicators of stream integrity in disturbed landscapes. To assess the role of riparian forests in maintaining tropical stream communities in areas experiencing large-scale watershed disturbance, we quantified the taxonomic and functional response of stream macroinvertebrate communities to forest clearing in the southeastern Amazon’s agricultural frontier, a region experiencing widespread deforestation. Our results show that watershed deforestation can lead to significant changes in macroinvertebrate richness and community composition. We found a predominance of shredders in forested watersheds; scrapers in cropland watersheds with riparian forests; and collector-filterers in cropland watersheds without riparian forest buffers. Taxonomic composition was controlled by available organic material in forested watersheds and by periphyton in cropland sites regardless of whether they had a riparian buffer. Our results show that the clearing of riparian forests alters food sources supporting aquatic food webs, leading to ecosystem-level shifts through changes in light and temperature dynamics that affect aquatic communities in areas with intense land-use change such as the southeastern Amazon.
Land cover change plays a critical role in influencing hydrological responses. Change in land cover has impacted runoff across basins with substantial human interference; however, the impacts in basins with minimal human interference have been studied less. In this study, we investigated the impacts of directional land cover changes (forest to/from combined grassland and shrubland) in runoff coefficient (RC; ratio of runoff to precipitation) and runoff volume across 603 low human interference reference basins in the conterminous United States (CONUS). The results indicate basins with significant (p<0.05) increasing trends in runoff and RC were across the northeast and northwest regions of CONUS, and basins with decreasing trends were in the southern CONUS region. A unit percent increase in basin area from grassland and shrubland to forest was associated with a ∼4% decrease in RC across basins with decreasing RC trends. Similarly, a unit percent increase in basin area from forest to a combined grassland and shrubland was associated with a ∼1% increase in RC across increasing RC trend basins. Runoff volume was decreased (increased) by ∼25 × 106 m3 yr−1 (∼9 × 106 m3 yr−1) across basins with decreasing (increasing) trends in runoff and RC. When relating runoff volume with the area of directional land cover changes, each 1 km2 increase in area from grassland and shrubland to forest resulted in a decrease of ∼530,000 m3 runoff volume across basins with decreasing trends. In contrast, each 1 km2 increase in area from forest to grassland and shrubland increased runoff volume by ∼200,000 m3 across increasing trend basins. Basins in the southern region of CONUS were more impacted by runoff parameters (RC and runoff volume) from directional land cover changes than basins in the northern region. The findings of this study are useful for planning and managing water availability for sustainable and adaptive water resources management at regional scales.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103940","usgsCitation":"Khand, K., and Senay, G.B., 2021, Runoff response to directional land cover change across reference basins in the conterminous United States: Advances in Water Resources, v. 153, 103940, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103940.","productDescription":"103940, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119005","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.advwatres.2021.103940","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":386113,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"MultiPolygon\",\n 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senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":3114,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":816771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70220394,"text":"70220394 - 2021 - Associations between private well water and community water supply arsenic concentrations in the conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-18T14:00:13.220699","indexId":"70220394","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-06T07:13:59","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Associations between private well water and community water supply arsenic concentrations in the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Geogenic arsenic contamination typically occurs in groundwater as opposed to surface water supplies. Groundwater is a major source for many community water systems (CWSs) in the United States (US). Although the US Environmental Protection Agency sets the maximum contaminant level (MCL enforceable since 2006: 10 μg/L) for arsenic in CWSs, private wells are not federally regulated. We evaluated county-level associations between modeled values of the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L and CWS arsenic concentrations for 2231 counties in the conterminous US, using time invariant private well arsenic estimates and CWS arsenic estimates for two time periods. Nationwide, county-level CWS arsenic concentrations increased by 8.4 μg/L per 100% increase in the probability of private well arsenic exceeding 10 μg/L for 2006–2008 (the initial compliance monitoring period after MCL implementation), and by 7.3 μg/L for 2009–2011 (the second monitoring period following MCL implementation) (1.1 μg/L mean decline over time). Regional differences in this temporal decline suggest that interventions to implement the MCL were more pronounced in regions served primarily by groundwater. The strong association between private well and CWS arsenic in Rural, American Indian, and Semi Urban, Hispanic counties suggests that future research and regulatory support are needed to reduce water arsenic exposures in these vulnerable subpopulations. This comparison of arsenic exposure values from major private and public drinking water sources nationwide is critical to future assessments of drinking water arsenic exposure and health outcomes.
The construction of dams and tide gates on waterways has altered the physical structure of many coastal, estuarine, and freshwater systems. These changes have come at a cost to fish populations, most notably diadromous species, which rely on connectivity between marine and freshwater systems. These anthropogenic structures can have direct effects on migrating fish, such as blocking fish passage, or have more subtle effects, such as changing movement patterns. This study used a high‐resolution Adaptive Resolution Imaging Sonar to examine the behavior of Striped Bass Morone saxatilis, a large coastal predator, and Alewife Alosa pseudoharengus and Blueback Herring Alosa aestivalis (collectively known as river herring), which are forage fish, below a tide gate structure on the Herring River in Wellfleet, Massachusetts, during the river herring spring spawning run. Striped Bass were persistently present downstream of the tide gate and exhibited strong diurnal and tidal patterns. Activity of Striped Bass was highest at night and during ebb tides. During peak outflow periods, river herring were observed milling downstream of the dam in a scour pool, indicating delayed upstream passage. River herring upstream migration was primarily associated with daytime and during incoming tides. Downstream‐migrating river herring were primarily observed during nighttime hours. While it was documented that the tide gates provided a physical impediment to migration, their effect on predator behavior could pose an additional challenge to migrating river herring, further complicating their recovery efforts. Due to the prevalence of obstructed waterways, studying the behavior of fish around anthropogenic structures is important in understanding the full range of impacts that these systems have under varying ecological conditions and on ecological relationships.
Dryland degradation is a persistent and accelerating global problem. Although the mechanisms initiating and maintaining dryland degradation are largely understood, returning productivity and function through ecological restoration remains difficult. Water limitation commonly drives slow recovery rates within drylands; however, the altered biogeochemical cycles that accompany degradation also play key roles in limiting restoration outcomes. Addressing biogeochemical changes and resource limitations may help improve restoration efforts within this difficult-to-restore biome. In the present article, we present a synthesis of restoration literature that identifies multiple ways biogeochemical understandings might augment dryland restoration outcomes, including timing restoration around resource cycling and uptake, connecting heterogeneous landscapes, manipulating resource pools, and using organismal functional traits to a restoration advantage. We conclude by suggesting ways to incorporate biogeochemistry into existing restoration frameworks and discuss research directions that may help improve restoration outcomes in the world's highly altered dryland landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/biosci/biab043","usgsCitation":"Young, K.E., Reed, S., Ferrenberg, S., Faist, A.M., Winkler, D.E., Cort, C.E., and Darrouzet-Nardi, A., 2021, Incorporating biogeochemistry into dryland restoration: BioScience, v. 71, no. 9, p. 907-917, https://doi.org/10.1093/biosci/biab043.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"907","endPage":"917","ipdsId":"IP-118718","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452415,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/8407968","text":"External Repository"},{"id":390024,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"71","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Young, Kristina E.","contributorId":210572,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Kristina","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38116,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Sasha C. 0000-0002-8597-8619","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8597-8619","contributorId":205372,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Sasha C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ferrenberg, Scott","contributorId":217143,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ferrenberg","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":39569,"text":"Department of Biology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88001, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Faist, Akasha M.","contributorId":193038,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Faist","given":"Akasha","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Winkler, Daniel E. 0000-0003-4825-9073","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4825-9073","contributorId":206786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winkler","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":824289,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Cort, Catherine E.","contributorId":210573,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cort","given":"Catherine","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":38116,"text":"Department of Biological Sciences, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79902, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":824290,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Darrouzet-Nardi, Anthony adarrouzet-nardi@usgs.gov","contributorId":207292,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Darrouzet-Nardi","given":"Anthony","email":"adarrouzet-nardi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":824291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70221510,"text":"70221510 - 2021 - Trends in agricultural triazole fungicide sse in the United States, 1992–2016 and possible implications for antifungal-resistant fungi in human disease","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-24T13:22:15.244263","indexId":"70221510","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-05T06:44:38","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1542,"text":"Environmental Health Perspectives","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Trends in agricultural triazole fungicide sse in the United States, 1992–2016 and possible implications for antifungal-resistant fungi in human disease","docAbstract":"The fungus Aspergillus fumigatus (A. fumigatus) is the leading cause of invasive mold infections, which cause severe disease and death in immunocompromised people. Use of triazole antifungal medications in recent decades has improved patient survival; however, triazole-resistant infections have become common in parts of Europe and are emerging in the United States. Triazoles are also a class of fungicides used in plant agriculture, and certain triazole-resistant A. fumigatus strains found causing disease in humans have been linked to environmental fungicide use.
We examined U.S. temporal and geographic trends in the use of triazole fungicides using U.S. Geological Survey agricultural pesticide use estimates.
Based on our analysis, overall tonnage of triazole fungicide use nationwide was relatively constant during 1992–2005 but increased
The Jim Bertram Lake System consists of several stream impoundments within the City of Lubbock, Texas (USA). Baseflow in the upstream reach is dominated by nitrogen-rich-treated wastewater. While toxic blooms of Prymnesium parvum have occurred in this system for ∼2 decades during fall or winter-spring, little is known about water quality variables that facilitate blooms or the alga’s spatiotemporal distribution. Water quality associations were examined monthly over a 1-year period. Total phosphorus was largely below the detection limit, suggesting that the system is phosphorus limited. Algal abundance was low during the assessment period and associations were determined using multiple logistic regression. Algal incidence was negatively associated with temperature and positively with organic nitrogen and calcium hardness. These findings conform with earlier reports but positive associations with the latter two variables are noteworthy because they have not been widely confirmed. Spatiotemporal distribution was evaluated in fall and winter-spring of three consecutive years. Prymnesium parvum incidence was higher in the upper than in the lower reach, and detections in the lower reach occurred only after a dense bloom developed in the upper reach contemporaneously with stormwater runoff-associated flooding. Thus, the upstream reach is a major source of propagules for downstream sites. Because urban runoff is a source of phosphorus and its nitrogen: phosphorus ratio is lower than prevailing ratios in the upper reach, what triggered the bloom was likely relief from phosphorus limitation. This study provided water quality, geographic and hydrological indices that may inform prevention and control methods for harmful algae in nitrogen-enriched urban systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jue/juab011","usgsCitation":"Clayton, J.B., Patino, R., Rashel, R.H., and Tábora-Sarmiento, S., 2021, Water quality associations and spatiotemporal distribution of the harmful alga Prymnesium parvum in an impounded urban stream system: Journal of Urban Ecology, v. 7, no. 4, juab011, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab011.","productDescription":"juab011, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-120920","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jue/juab011","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":396561,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Lubbock","otherGeospatial":"Jim Bertram Lake System","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -102.02110290527344,\n 33.47498122050127\n ],\n [\n -101.76429748535156,\n 33.47498122050127\n ],\n [\n -101.76429748535156,\n 33.714630486382156\n ],\n [\n -102.02110290527344,\n 33.714630486382156\n ],\n [\n -102.02110290527344,\n 33.47498122050127\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"7","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clayton, J. B.","contributorId":286959,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clayton","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":27442,"text":"Texas parks and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":836385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rashel, R. H.","contributorId":286960,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rashel","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tábora-Sarmiento, S.","contributorId":286963,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tábora-Sarmiento","given":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36331,"text":"Texas Tech University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":836387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70228309,"text":"70228309 - 2021 - Long-term monitoring reveals convergent patterns of recovery from mining contamination across 4 western US watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-08T13:12:51.589005","indexId":"70228309","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-04T07:09:22","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1699,"text":"Freshwater Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Long-term monitoring reveals convergent patterns of recovery from mining contamination across 4 western US watersheds","docAbstract":"Long-term studies of stream ecosystems are essential for assessing restoration success because they allow researchers to quantify recovery trajectories, gauge the relative influence of episodic events, and determine the time required to achieve clean-up objectives. To quantify responses of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages to stream remediation, we integrated results of 4 long-term (20–29 y) assessments of mining-impacted watersheds that were broadly distributed across the western US (California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana). Using a before–after control–impact (BACI) study design, we observed substantial reductions in metal concentrations and corresponding improvements of benthic assemblages following remediation. Recovery rates were relatively consistent, and streams typically recovered within 10 to 15 y after remediation was initiated (mean = 10.25 y), although episodic events changed trajectories at some sites. Differences in recovery among watersheds were likely determined by a number of factors, including the severity of contamination, effectiveness of remediation, proximity to upstream sources of colonization, and hydrologic variation. We also observed considerable variation in the rate and extent of recovery among assemblage metrics. For example, total abundance and richness recovered rapidly at most sites, but the composition of benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages remained substantially altered compared with reference sites. Using piecewise linear regression, we estimated a threshold response of Ephemeroptera, Plecoptera, and Trichoptera (EPT) species richness at ~1 cumulative criteria unit (CCU), which is the sum of the fractions of chronic water-quality criteria for metals measured, suggesting this value was protective of benthic assemblages. However, EPT richness was reduced by ~20% at 2× this CCU value, indicating that moderate exceedances of water-quality criteria could substantially affect stream biodiversity. Non-metric multidimensional scaling analyses identified common sets of species trait states across the 4 watersheds that were associated with either metal contamination or with recovering and intact reference stream assemblages. Our study illustrates the importance of long-term studies for quantifying responses to stream restoration and the usefulness of BACI designs for demonstrating cause-and-effect relationships between restoration treatments and community recovery. Because these 4 watersheds were among the most severely polluted sites in the western US, our study demonstrates the value of these investments in watershed restoration and the potential for success under the most extreme conditions.
Deadly and destructive debris flows often follow wildfire, but understanding of changes in the hazard potential with time since fire is poor. We develop a simulation‐based framework to quantify changes in the hydrologic triggering conditions for debris flows as postwildfire infiltration properties evolve through time. Our approach produces time‐varying rainfall intensity‐duration thresholds for runoff‐ and infiltration‐generated debris flows with physics‐based hydrologic simulations that are parameterized with widely available hydroclimatic, vegetation reflectance, and soil texture data. When we apply our thresholding protocol to a test case in the San Gabriel Mountains (California, USA), the results are consistent with existing regional empirical thresholds and rainstorms that caused runoff‐ and infiltration‐generated debris flows soon after and three years following a wildfire, respectively. We find that the hydrologic triggering mechanisms for the two observed debris flow types are coupled with the effects of fire on the soil saturated hydraulic conductivity. Specifically, the rainfall intensity needed to generate debris flows via runoff increases with time following wildfire while the rainfall duration needed to produce debris flows via subsurface pore‐water pressures decreases. We also find that variations in soil moisture, rainfall climatology, median grain size, and root reinforcement could impact the median annual probability of postwildfire debris flows. We conclude that a simulation‐based method for calculating rainfall thresholds is a tractable approach to improve situational awareness of debris flow hazard in the years following wildfire. Further development of our framework will be important to quantify postwildfire hazard levels in variable climates, vegetation types, and fire regimes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/2021JF006091","usgsCitation":"Thomas, M.A., Rengers, F.K., Kean, J.W., McGuire, L.A., Staley, D.M., Barnhart, K.R., and Ebel, B., 2021, Postwildfire soil‐hydraulic recovery and the persistence of debris flow hazards: Journal of Geophysical Research: Earth Surface, v. 126, no. 6, e2021JF006091, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2021JF006091.","productDescription":"e2021JF006091, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-126218","costCenters":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2021jf006091","text":"External Repository"},{"id":436384,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9QLP6XG","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Soil moisture monitoring following the 2009 Station Fire, California, USA, 2016-2019"},{"id":385458,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-06-09","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Matthew A. 0000-0002-9828-5539 matthewthomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9828-5539","contributorId":200616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Matthew","email":"matthewthomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815189,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rengers, Francis K. 0000-0002-1825-0943 frengers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1825-0943","contributorId":150422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rengers","given":"Francis","email":"frengers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815190,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McGuire, Luke A. 0000-0001-8178-7922 lmcguire@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8178-7922","contributorId":203420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGuire","given":"Luke","email":"lmcguire@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":815192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Barnhart, Katherine R. 0000-0001-5682-455X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5682-455X","contributorId":257870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnhart","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":815195,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70223879,"text":"70223879 - 2021 - Intact landscape promotes gene flow and low genetic structuring in the threatened Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-13T13:20:31.409068","indexId":"70223879","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-02T08:10:01","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1467,"text":"Ecology and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intact landscape promotes gene flow and low genetic structuring in the threatened Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake","docAbstract":"Genetic structuring of wild populations is dependent on environmental, ecological, and life-history factors. The specific role environmental context plays in genetic structuring is important to conservation practitioners working with rare species across areas with varying degrees of fragmentation. We investigated fine-scale genetic patterns of the federally threatened Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake (Sistrurus catenatus) on a relatively undisturbed island in northern Michigan, USA. This species often persists in habitat islands throughout much of its distribution due to extensive habitat loss and distance-limited dispersal. We found that the entire island population exhibited weak genetic structuring with spatially segregated variation in effective migration and genetic diversity. The low level of genetic structuring contrasts with previous studies in the southern part of the species’ range at comparable fine scales (~7 km), in which much higher levels of structuring were documented. The island population's genetic structuring more closely resembles that of populations from Ontario, Canada, that occupy similarly intact habitats. Intrapopulation variation in effective migration and genetic diversity likely corresponds to the presence of large inland lakes acting as barriers and more human activity in the southern portion of the island. The observed genetic structuring in this intact landscape suggests that the Eastern Massasauga is capable of sufficient interpatch movements to reduce overall genetic structuring and colonize new habitats. Landscape mosaics with multiple habitat patches and localized barriers (e.g., large water bodies or roads) will promote gene flow and natural colonization for this declining species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/ece3.7480","usgsCitation":"Kudla, N., McCluskey, E.M., Lulla, V., Grundel, R., and Moore, J.A., 2021, Intact landscape promotes gene flow and low genetic structuring in the threatened Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnake: Ecology and Evolution, v. 11, no. 11, p. 6276-6288, https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7480.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"6276","endPage":"6288","ipdsId":"IP-120488","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.7480","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":436385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9HJW59U","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Genotype Data for Eastern Massasauga Rattlesnakes (Sistrurus catenatus) from Bois Blanc Island, Michigan at 15 Microsatellite DNA Loci"},{"id":389141,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Bois Blanc Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.39697265625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ],\n [\n -84.34890747070312,\n 45.774707263032546\n ],\n [\n -84.40177917480469,\n 45.78907308856107\n ],\n [\n -84.42649841308594,\n 45.81827218518002\n ],\n [\n -84.42924499511719,\n 45.807743127853776\n ],\n [\n -84.4244384765625,\n 45.79338211440398\n ],\n [\n -84.43267822265625,\n 45.79003067864973\n ],\n [\n -84.49928283691406,\n 45.81157210628936\n ],\n [\n -84.51507568359375,\n 45.81300790534134\n ],\n [\n -84.53361511230469,\n 45.80965764997408\n ],\n [\n -84.58786010742188,\n 45.821621922335794\n ],\n [\n -84.59609985351562,\n 45.80917902561322\n ],\n [\n -84.57344055175781,\n 45.79816953017265\n ],\n [\n -84.54391479492188,\n 45.77901739936284\n ],\n [\n -84.5240020751953,\n 45.754109791149894\n ],\n [\n -84.51576232910155,\n 45.74883944887109\n ],\n [\n -84.50065612792967,\n 45.72583576754234\n ],\n [\n -84.43611145019531,\n 45.7205627558654\n ],\n [\n -84.41688537597656,\n 45.71480981187499\n ],\n [\n -84.39697265625,\n 45.72152152227954\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-05-02","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kudla, Nathan","contributorId":265592,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kudla","given":"Nathan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":15305,"text":"Grand Valley State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCluskey, Eric M.","contributorId":265593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McCluskey","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":15305,"text":"Grand Valley State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lulla, Vijay","contributorId":265594,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lulla","given":"Vijay","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":54727,"text":"Indiana University Purdue University Indianapolis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grundel, Ralph 0000-0002-2949-7087 rgrundel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-7087","contributorId":2444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grundel","given":"Ralph","email":"rgrundel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":823071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, Jennifer A.","contributorId":265595,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moore","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":15305,"text":"Grand Valley State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":823072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70222086,"text":"70222086 - 2021 - Polar bear foraging behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T23:42:46.043117","indexId":"70222086","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T18:40:13","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Polar bear foraging behavior","docAbstract":"Polar bears forage in the marine environment, primarily on the sea ice over the shallow waters of the continental shelf. They are solitary, ambush hunters that catch ringed and bearded seals when they surface to breathe in ice holes or haul out on the ice to rest and molt. In most parts of their range, polar bears experience dramatic seasonal variability in their ability to catch seals, with foraging success peaking in late spring and early summer when seal pups are weaned. During this time, the body mass of polar bears can nearly double, especially in pregnant females, such that body composition may reach 49% body fat. The accumulation of body fat is vital for these bears to survive through the autumn and winter when seals are less accessible or when pregnant adult female bears enter dens and fast. When the sea ice retreats in summer, some bears exhibit a temporary switch to omnivory, feeding on a variety of terrestrial food. However, the energetic benefit of most terrestrial food is small relative to their marine mammal prey and, in some regions, increased land use has been associated with declines in body condition. Reduced accessibility of seal prey to polar bears as a result of global climate change threatens the long-term sustainability of this Arctic predator.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_13","usgsCitation":"Pagano, A.M., 2021, Polar bear foraging behavior, chap. of Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears, p. 247-267, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_13.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"267","ipdsId":"IP-112145","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_13","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387260,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pagano, Anthony M. 0000-0003-2176-0909 apagano@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2176-0909","contributorId":3884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pagano","given":"Anthony","email":"apagano@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70222087,"text":"70222087 - 2021 - Sea otter predator avoidance behavior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-19T23:38:55.532952","indexId":"70222087","displayToPublicDate":"2021-05-01T18:34:28","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Sea otter predator avoidance behavior","docAbstract":"Predators directly affect their prey as a source of mortality, and prey respond by employing antipredator strategies. Sea otters are a keystone predator within the nearshore community, but higher trophic level avian, terrestrial, and pelagic predators (e.g., bald eagles, brown bears, wolves, white sharks, and killer whales) prey on them. Three antipredator strategies used by sea otters are vigilance (group or sentinel detection of danger), avoidance (seeking a location that is inaccessible to predators), and crypsis (the ability to avoid observation or detection). Vigilant behavior allowed sea otters to escape total extinction during the Maritime Fur Trade of the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. Female otters with pups practice vigilance when they reduce their foraging time and move along meandering paths. Sea otters usually rest at sea, and when they rest on shore, they usually haul out on offshore rocks, reefs, and small islands—possibly a behavioral response to terrestrial predators (brown bears and wolves can kill non-vigilant sea otters on shore). In areas where many sea otters haul out together, group vigilance may be important in detecting an approaching threat. Along the coast of central California, white sharks are a significant source of sea otter mortality, and the only antipredator strategy is avoidance or crypsis by resting in kelp beds. Despite the threat, sea otters still forage in open water, so the perception of risk may be low. In the western Aleutian Islands, killer whale predation is believed to be the cause of a > 90% decline in sea otters. As a result, sea otters perceive killer whales as a threat and limit their movements to shallow, complex habitats where the risk of attack is low. This behavioral response is so strong in the western Aleutian Islands that it may it limit sea otter dispersal among islands, with implications for the connectivity and genetic health of the small, isolated populations that remain.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_9","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., 2021, Sea otter predator avoidance behavior, chap. of Ethology and behavioral ecology of sea otters and polar bears, p. 161-172, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_9.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"161","endPage":"172","ipdsId":"IP-117074","costCenters":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452459,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-66796-2_9","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":387259,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-07-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":196670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70214543,"text":"70214543 - 2021 - Planetary defense preparedness: Identifying the potential for post-asteroid impact time delayed and geographically displaced hazards","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-11T20:59:40.434457","indexId":"70214543","displayToPublicDate":"2021-04-30T15:46:42","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9373,"text":"Bulletin of the AAS","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"title":"Planetary defense preparedness: Identifying the potential for post-asteroid impact time delayed and geographically displaced hazards","docAbstract":"A considerable amount of effort has been done to quantify impact effects from the impact of an asteroid. The effects usually considered are: blast, overpressure shock, thermal radiation, cratering, seismic shaking, ejecta, and tsunami (e.g. Hills & Goda, 1993; Collins et al., 2005, Rumpf et al., 2017). These first-order effects typically are localized in time and diminish with increased distance from the impact (or air burst) location. \nHowever, there are delayed effects that will propagate through time and occur in areas not immediately affected by the initial impact. These delayed effects include, but are not limited to, down-stream and down-wind effects. Down-stream effects could occur months after the impact as sediment and debris are washed into reservoirs, potentially impacting water quality for populations not originally affected by the impact event. Down-wind effects could deposit dust and debris hundreds or thousands of kilometers down-wind, reducing insolation and ultimately settling out over large areas which could include cropland. Depending on when this occurs, significant damage could occur to croplands, thus reducing or eliminating whole sections of the global food chain. In addition, depending on the amount of ashfall, the deposition of dust and debris could cross watershed boundaries and thus affect water quality for a larger population than just those who live in the initial impacted watershed.\nFor most smaller asteroid impacts, these delayed effects can be neglected. However, there are likely a class of impacts (e.g. impactor size and composition, impact location and time of year) where failure to consider these effects could complicate post-impact relief and recovery efforts. For example, evacuation of the population within the initial damage zone from an impact to a city down-stream could exacerbate water quality issues and water usage months later. An impact in western Nebraska might have minimal civil defense requirements for evacuation (due to the low population density) but the down-wind effects could disrupt both the economic health of the American Midwest while threatening global food security. Understanding when these time-delayed and geographically displaced effects become relevant is key to successful civil defense and recovery planning.","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Science","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.dd9d3810","usgsCitation":"Titus, T.N., Robertson, D., and Sankey, J.B., 2021, Planetary defense preparedness: Identifying the potential for post-asteroid impact time delayed and geographically displaced hazards: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #050, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.dd9d3810.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #050, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119730","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.dd9d3810","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390406,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Oliphant, Adam 0000-0001-8622-7932 aoliphant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8622-7932","contributorId":192325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliphant","given":"Adam","email":"aoliphant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799897,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Aneece, Itiya P. 0000-0002-1201-5459","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1201-5459","contributorId":208265,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aneece","given":"Itiya","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799898,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5}],"authors":[{"text":"Titus, Timothy N. 0000-0003-0700-4875 ttitus@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0700-4875","contributorId":146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Titus","given":"Timothy","email":"ttitus@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Robertson, D. G.","contributorId":178727,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robertson","given":"D. 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This report summarizes the activities and findings of YVO during the year 2020, focusing on the Yellowstone volcanic system. Highlights of YVO research and related activities during 2020 include an active-source seismic experiment to image the top of Yellowstone’s magma reservoir; semipermanent Global Positioning System array deployment, including a new site near Mary Mountain; studies of hydrothermal activity in the southwest portion of Yellowstone National Park; numerous geological studies, including characterization of hydrothermal explosion craters, updating existing maps, and refining the ages of Yellowstone volcanic units; investigation of a dormant period at Old Faithful Geyser that may be related to regional drought 800–650 years ago, and development of a publicly available online map interface.
Steamboat Geyser, in Norris Geyser Basin, continued the pattern of frequent eruptions that began in 2018 with 48 water eruptions in 2020, matching the record for a calendar year that was set in 2019. Giantess Geyser, in the Upper Geyser Basin, erupted for the first time in 6 years in August 2020 and experienced a second eruption in September. Patterns of both seismicity and deformation in 2020 were similar to those in 2019. Deformation patterns during 2020 showed trends that were similar to previous years. Overall subsidence of the caldera floor, ongoing since late 2015 or early 2016, continued at rates of a few centimeters (1–2 inches) per year, and minor subsidence of Norris Geyser Basin that began in 2018 slowed during 2020 and stopped by the end of the year. Throughout 2020, the aviation color code for Yellowstone Caldera remained at “green” and the volcano alert level remained at “normal.”
Yellowstone Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
1300 SE Cardinal Court, Suite 100
Vancouver, WA 98683
Email: yvowebteam@usgs.gov
","tableOfContents":"The Moon is the scientific foundation for our knowledge of the early evolution and impact history of the terrestrial planets. Over the last decades the lunar science community has made significant progress in addressing key lunar science and exploration goals, while defining many new high-priority scientific questions regarding the formation and evolution of the Moon. On a broad scale, the last Planetary Decadal Survey defined three scientific objectives to guide studies of the inner planets and Moon. These objectives address the origins and diversity of terrestrial planets, the evolution of life on terrestrial planets, and climate processes on Earth-like planets [1]. Many of these objectives carry forward into exploration goals of a renewed lunar human exploration program, and urgently addressing these objectives will enable the rapid development of exploration plans. A large (Flagship or New Frontiers class) Next Generation Lunar Orbiter (NGLO) mission would address the last Planetary Decadal Survey objective of understanding the origin and diversity of terrestrial planets by studying the geochemistry and geology of the Moon at an unparalleled resolution compared to other lunar mission datasets. Also, NGLO would address the objective of studying the evolution of life on terrestrial planets by furthering knowledge about the composition and distribution of volatile elements on the lunar surface and better characterizing the past and present-day impact rates in the inner Solar System in order to better understand the original delivery of water to Earth. Key exploration goals, including identifying the nature and distribution of lunar volatiles (i.e., water, ice), mapping and characterizing potentially valuable lunar resources, and establishing a human presence on the Moon, also would be addressed by NGLO.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Planetary science and astrobiology decadal survey 2023-2032","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3847/25c2cfeb.8f28f012","usgsCitation":"Glotch, T., Carter, L., Clark, P., Denevi, B.W., Greenhagen, B.T., Patterson, G.W., Petro, N.E., Retherford, K., Valencia, S., Cahill, J.T., Watkins, R., Donaldson Hanna, K., Elder, C., Hiesinger, H., Kramer, G., Livengood, T., Meyer, H., Ostrach, L.R., Poston, M., Schusterman, M., Siegler, M., Speyerer, E., Stickle, A., Van der Bogert, C.H., Moriarty, D., and Gaddis, L.R., 2021, A Next Generation Lunar Orbiter mission: Bulletin of the AAS, v. 53, no. 4, Whitepaper #330, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.8f28f012.","productDescription":"Whitepaper #330, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-121691","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":452508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3847/25c2cfeb.8f28f012","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":390604,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Moon","volume":"53","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2021-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Glotch, Timothy","contributorId":238470,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glotch","given":"Timothy","affiliations":[{"id":36488,"text":"Stony Brook University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carter, Lynne","contributorId":212191,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carter","given":"Lynne","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Clark, Pamela","contributorId":238490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Clark","given":"Pamela","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36276,"text":"JPL","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Denevi, Brett W.","contributorId":210563,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Denevi","given":"Brett","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":36717,"text":"Johns Hopkins University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greenhagen, Benjamin T","contributorId":174124,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenhagen","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"T","affiliations":[{"id":27364,"text":"Johns Hopkins Univ Applied Physics Laboratory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":796295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Patterson, G. 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