{"pageNumber":"1971","pageRowStart":"49250","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":28968,"text":"wri844335 - 1986 - Estimating iron and aluminum content of acid mine discharge from a north-central Pennsylvania coal field by use of acidity titration curves","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T09:57:16","indexId":"wri844335","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4335","title":"Estimating iron and aluminum content of acid mine discharge from a north-central Pennsylvania coal field by use of acidity titration curves","docAbstract":"Determination of acidity provides a value that denotes the quantitative capacity of the sample water to neutralize a strong base to a particular pH. However, much additional information can be obtained from this determination if a titration curve is constructed from recorded data of titrant increments and their corresponding pH values. The curve can be used to identify buffer capabilities, the acidity with respect to any pH value within the curve limit, and, in the case of acid mine drainage from north-central Pennsylvania, the identification and estimation of the concentration of dissolved ferrous iron, ferric iron, and aluminum. \r\n\r\n    Through use of titration curves, a relationship was observed for the acid mine drainage between: (1) the titratable acidity (as milligrams per liter calcium carbonate) to pH 4.0 and the concentration of dissolved ferric iron; and (2) the titratable acidity (as milligrams per liter calcium carbonate) from pH 4.0 to 5.0 and the concentration of dissolved aluminum. The presence of dissolved ferrous iron can be detected by the buffering effect exhibited in the area between pH 5.5 to 7.5. The concentration of ferrous iron is estimated by difference between the concentrations of ferric iron in an oxidized and unoxidized sample. Interferences in any of the titrations from manganese, magnesium, and aluminate, appear to be negligible within the pH range of interest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844335","usgsCitation":"Ott, A., 1986, Estimating iron and aluminum content of acid mine discharge from a north-central Pennsylvania coal field by use of acidity titration curves: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4335, iv, 25 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844335.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":57841,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4335/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4335/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc8fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ott, A.N.","contributorId":29857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ott","given":"A.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29000,"text":"wri864052 - 1986 - Geophysical well-log analysis of fractured crystalline rocks at East Bull Lake, Ontario, Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri864052","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4052","title":"Geophysical well-log analysis of fractured crystalline rocks at East Bull Lake, Ontario, Canada","docAbstract":"Various conventional geophysical borehole measurements were made in conjunction with measurements using a recently designed, low-frequency, acoustic-waveform probe and slow velocity flowmeter for characterization of a fractured mafic intrusion in southern Ontario, Canada. Conventional geophysical measurements included temperature, caliper, gamma, acoustic, single-point resistance, and acoustic televiewer logs. Hole stability problems prevented the use of neutron and gamma-gamma logs, because these logs require that a radioactive source be lowered into the borehole. Measurements were made in three boreholes as much as 850 m deep and penetrating a few tens of meters into granitic basement. All rocks within the mafic intrusion were characterized by minimal gamma radiation and acoustic velocities of about 6.9 km/sec. The uniformity of the acoustic velocities and the character of acoustic-waveform logs made with a conventional high-frequency logging source correlated with the density of fractures evident on televiewer logs. Sample intervals of high-frequency waveform logs were transformed into interpretations of effective fracture opening using a recent model for acoustic attenuation in fractured rocks. The new low-frequency sparker source did not perform as expected at depths below 250 m because of previously unsuspected problems with source firing under large hydrostatic heads. A new heat-pulse, slow velocity flowmeter was used to delineate in detail the flow regime indicated in a general way by temperature logs. The flowmeter measurements indicated that water was entering 2 of the boreholes at numerous fractures above a depth of 200 m, with flow in at least 2 of the boreholes exiting through large isolated fractures below a depth of 400 m. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864052","usgsCitation":"Paillet, F.L., and Hess, A., 1986, Geophysical well-log analysis of fractured crystalline rocks at East Bull Lake, Ontario, Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4052, vi, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864052.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118934,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4052/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57867,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4052/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paillet, Frederick L.","contributorId":63820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paillet","given":"Frederick","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hess, A.E.","contributorId":71979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hess","given":"A.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30352,"text":"wri864104 - 1986 - Techniques for estimating flood-flow frequency for unregulated streams in New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri864104","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4104","title":"Techniques for estimating flood-flow frequency for unregulated streams in New Mexico","docAbstract":"Equations for estimating flood discharges for exceedance probabilities of 0.50, 0.20, 0.10, 0.04, 0.02, and 0.01 at ungaged sites in New Mexico were developed and updated from streamflow gaging station data through 1982. The 1984 data from selected stations in the southwestern part of the State were also used because of the high discharges that occurred. The State was divided into eight physiographic regions and equations were developed for each region. The logarithms of annual flood peaks for the respective exceedance probabilities were related to logarithms of basin and climatic characteristics. The average standard error of estimate of a flood peak for an exceedance probability of 0.01 ranged from 44% to 81%, a significant improvement over previous studies. New techniques for weighting independent estimates of flood discharges at gaging stations by each estimate 's variance are presented. The variances are the squares of the standard errors. Standard errors of the estimated flood discharges for the exceedance probabilities are presented for all streamflow gaging stations. Flood frequency characteristics at 219 gaging stations are also included. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864104","usgsCitation":"Waltemeyer, S., 1986, Techniques for estimating flood-flow frequency for unregulated streams in New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4104, v, 56 p. :map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864104.","productDescription":"v, 56 p. :map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159848,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4104/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59142,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4104/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685c9e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waltemeyer, S. D.","contributorId":65857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waltemeyer","given":"S. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29259,"text":"wri854099 - 1986 - Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T13:58:00","indexId":"wri854099","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4099","title":"Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York","docAbstract":"<p>A finite-difference model of ground-water flow within stratified drift in the 14-mile reach of the Susquehanna River valley from Binghamton west to the Tioga County line (including Johnson City, Endicott, and Vestal) has been developed. Outwash is the most permeable and extensive type of stratified drift in the valley but has only small saturated thickness except where it is downwarped beneath ice-block depressions. The outwash is commonly underlain by extensive beds of silt and clay deposited in proglacial lakes. Older ice-contact deposits are also extensive and provide the largest yields to wells but are highly variable in thickness and commonly siltier than the outwash. The ice-contact deposits seem to occur mainly as ridges that parallel the axis of major valleys and are buried beneath later lacustrine and outwash sediments.</p><p>The model simulates horizontal flow in two layers; the upper layer generally represents outwash, and the lower layer generally represents older ice-contact deposits. The model also simulates vertical flow between those layers through the beds of silt and clay or, where the two aquifer layers are in direct contact, through sand and gravel.</p><p>The model has been calibrated to reproduce observed water levels that represent steady-state conditions. Aquifer properties, recharge from several sources, river stage, and pumpage from several municipal and industrial well fields were calculated from data collected largely in 1981. Major streams were treated as constant specified heads in the upper layer. Data are available to refine the calibration. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854099","usgsCitation":"Randall, A.D., 1986, Aquifer model of the Susquehanna River valley in southwestern Broome County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4099, Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854099.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 38 p.; 4 Plates: 41.02 x 19.73 or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":58107,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58108,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158284,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58109,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58110,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":366617,"rank":6,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4099/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Broome County","otherGeospatial":"Susquehanna River Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84548950195312,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.84548950195312,\n              42.188846538629164\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.188846538629164\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.13250732421875,\n              42.00542768820574\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac5e4b07f02db679f92","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Randall, Allan D. arandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"Allan","email":"arandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":201233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29243,"text":"wri854160 - 1986 - Water resources of the Lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:38","indexId":"wri854160","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4160","title":"Water resources of the Lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico","docAbstract":"An assessment of the surface and groundwater resources of the lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley was made between 1981 and 1983. Rio Grande de Arecibo is the major source of water in the valley with a mean-annual discharge of 527 cu ft/sec (382,000 acre-ft/yr). Its lowest mean-daily flow (low flow) during 12 yr of record is 50 cu ft/sec. Withdrawals of water from Rio Grande de Arecibo exceeding 15 cu ft/sec during periods of extreme low flows could cause reduction of recharge to the aquifer. However, withdrawals of as much as 35 cu ft/sec are possible when base flow ranges from 90 to 200 cu ft/sec without causing a reduction of aquifer recharge. An unconfined aquifer within the alluvial valley is hydraulically continuous with bordering limestone formations. A clay layer divides the alluvial aquifer into two separate hydraulic systems. Groundwater from the alluvial aquifer above the clay layer has not been widely developed. However, high yielding wells presently yield as much as 9.6 mil gal/day (10,800 acre-ft/yr) from the aquifers occurring below the clay layer within the alluvium and underlaying limestones. Transmissivity ranges from 3,000 sq ft/day in the alluvial area to 42,000 sq ft/day in the adjacent limestone areas. Total groundwater flow through aquifers within the study area (excluding water withdrawn by wells) is about 20.6 mil gal/day (23,100 acre-ft/yr). 50% of this amount is estimated to flow to the eastern area of Cano Tiburones and discharges as springs and seeps. An estimated 9.4 mil gal/day (10,500 acre-ft/yr) of additional groundwater can be withdrawn from the aquifers below the clay layer without reversing the northward hydraulic gradient. Seepage from Rio Grande de Arecibo to the groundwater system at the east side of the valley is probably the key to the development of groundwater resources in the Arecibo area. San Pedro spring, with an average discharge of 8.6 mil gal/day (9,600 acre-ft/yr), is undeveloped and represents a potential alternate source of water. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854160","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1986, Water resources of the Lower Rio Grande de Arecibo alluvial valley, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4160, vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854160.","productDescription":"vi, 38 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":124287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4160/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58097,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4160/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cfe4b07f02db546009","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201207,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29241,"text":"wri854179 - 1986 - Simulation of ground-water flow in the Rio Yauco Alluvial Valley, Yauco, Puerto Rico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri854179","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4179","title":"Simulation of ground-water flow in the Rio Yauco Alluvial Valley, Yauco, Puerto Rico","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854179","usgsCitation":"Quinones-Aponte, V., 1986, Simulation of ground-water flow in the Rio Yauco Alluvial Valley, Yauco, Puerto Rico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4179, v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854179.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4179/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58095,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4179/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f27fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones-Aponte, Vicente","contributorId":48552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones-Aponte","given":"Vicente","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201203,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29226,"text":"wri864000 - 1986 - Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:48","indexId":"wri864000","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4000","title":"Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington","docAbstract":"Data on the quantity and quality of urban runoff were collected, analyzed, and used to evaluate the effects of street sweeping and of stormwater detention on quality of runoff. The data included rainfall, runoff discharge, concentrations of selected constituents in discrete samples of runoff, and chemical characteristics of wet- and dry atmospheric deposition. Statistical analyses of runoff loads and of discharge-weighted constituent concentrations in runoff for about 25 different storms showed that, for most constituents, street sweeping had little effect on water quality. One reason is that much of the suspended material in runoff consisted of silt- and clay-size particles, the size classes least affected by street sweeping. That data also show that rainfall is often the source of one-third of the total nitrogen in stormwater runoff. Comparison of discharge-weighted average concentrations of the inflow and outflow of a stormwater detention system for four to seven storms indicated that the detention system did not have a large effect on the average concentrations of constituents in runoff. Regression equations for predicting runoff volumes and peak discharges for individual storms were derived separately for each catchment using data from nearly all storms. Standard errors of estimate for these storms were 21-28% for runoff volume and 22-40% for peak discharge. (Peters-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864000","usgsCitation":"Prych, E., and Ebbert, J., 1986, Quantity and quality of storm runoff from three urban catchments in Bellevue, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4000, vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864000.","productDescription":"vii, 85 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159110,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58080,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58081,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58082,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58083,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4000/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db6353c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Prych, E. A.","contributorId":36163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prych","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201177,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ebbert, J.C.","contributorId":57451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebbert","given":"J.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201178,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30311,"text":"wri854008 - 1986 - Statistical analyses of flood frequency, low-flow frequency, and flow duration of streams in the Philadelphia Area, Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-08T11:29:47","indexId":"wri854008","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4008","title":"Statistical analyses of flood frequency, low-flow frequency, and flow duration of streams in the Philadelphia Area, Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"Flood frequency, low-flow frequency, and flow-duration characteristics were computed for 26 stream-gaging stations in and near Philadelphia. Data were obtained from 21 continuous-recording stations and five stations that were initially continuous-recording stations, but which were subsequently converted to crest-stage stations. The annual peak flows were fitted to the three-parameter log-Pearson Type III distribution to develop the flood- frequency characteristics. The range of the reported annual recurrence intervals for flood-frequency depends on record length. Low-flow frequency characteristics for various numbers of consecutive days were also defined by fitting data to the log-Pearson Type III distribution. Standard analyses of daily discharges produced the duration curve characteristics. Results of these analyses are tabulated.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854008","usgsCitation":"Voytik, A., 1986, Statistical analyses of flood frequency, low-flow frequency, and flow duration of streams in the Philadelphia Area, Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4008, iii, 34 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854008.","productDescription":"iii, 34 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4008/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59103,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4008/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennsylvania","city":"Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.333251953125,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.86221313476562,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.86221313476562,\n              40.10118506258701\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.333251953125,\n              40.10118506258701\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.333251953125,\n              39.75365697136308\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e38ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Voytik, Andrew","contributorId":47755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Voytik","given":"Andrew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30052,"text":"wri844196 - 1986 - Water quality and flow of streams in Santa Clara Valley, Santa Clara County, California, 1979-81","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri844196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4196","title":"Water quality and flow of streams in Santa Clara Valley, Santa Clara County, California, 1979-81","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844196","usgsCitation":"Sylvester, M.A., 1986, Water quality and flow of streams in Santa Clara Valley, Santa Clara County, California, 1979-81: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4196, v, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844196.","productDescription":"v, 80 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159341,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58862,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5f9c1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sylvester, M. A.","contributorId":10838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sylvester","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29034,"text":"wri864013 - 1986 - Quality of ground water in the Payette River basin, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-11-21T14:07:14","indexId":"wri864013","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4013","title":"Quality of ground water in the Payette River basin, Idaho","docAbstract":"As part of a study to obtain groundwater quality data in areas of Idaho were land- and water-resource development is expected to increase, water quality, geologic, and hydrologic data were collected for 74 wells in the Payette River basin, west-central Idaho, from July to October 1982. Historical (pre-1982) data from 13 wells were compiled with more recent (1982) data to define, on a reconnaissance level, water quality conditions in major aquifers and to identify factors that may have affected groundwater quality. Water from the major aquifers generally contains predominantly calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate plus carbonate ions. Sodium and bicarbonate or sulfate are the predominant ions in groundwater from 25% of the 1982 samples. Areally, groundwater from the upper Payette River basin has proportionately lower ion concentrations than water from the lower Payette River basin. Water samples from wells &lt; 100 ft deep generally have lower ion concentrations than samples from wells &gt; 100 ft deep. Variations in groundwater quality probably are most affected by differences in aquifer composition and proximity to source(s) of recharge. Groundwater in the study area is generally suitable for most uses. In localized areas, pH and concentrations of hardness, alkalinity, dissolved solids, or dissolved nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, sulfate, fluoride, iron, or manganese exceed Federal drinking water limits and may restrict some uses of the water.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864013","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Idaho Department of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Parliman, D., 1986, Quality of ground water in the Payette River basin, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4013, Report: iv, 85 p.; 2 Plates: 20.77 x 25.18 inches and 20.62 x 25.73 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864013.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 85 p.; 2 Plates: 20.77 x 25.18 inches and 20.62 x 25.73 inches","numberOfPages":"86","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4013/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57895,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4013/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57896,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4013/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57897,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4013/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Payette River Basin","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.0,43.75 ], [ -117.0,45.0 ], [ -115.5,45.0 ], [ -115.5,43.75 ], [ -117.0,43.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624d84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parliman, D. J.","contributorId":64220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parliman","given":"D. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30060,"text":"wri854332 - 1986 - Results of exploratory drilling for water in Waihanau Valley, Molokai, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri854332","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4332","title":"Results of exploratory drilling for water in Waihanau Valley, Molokai, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Three exploratory wells, located in lower Waihanau Valley on Molokai, were drilled and tested for their yields during the period May to October 1983. The first well, 582 ft deep, tapped the main water body in a basaltic aquifer intruded by scattered near-parallel volcanic dikes. Water in this water body is impounded by the dikes and has a head of about nine feet above sea level. A 48-hour pumping test was conducted on this well. The well was pumped at various rates ranging from 144 to 455 gal/min for nine hours. Thereafter, the well was pumped for 39 hours at a rate of 156 gal/min approximating the planned operational rate of 150 gal/min. The specific capacities of the well at the rates pumped averaged about 30 gal/min/ft of drawdown. The temperature of the pumped water remained nearly constant at 69 F (20.5 C). The chloride concentration ranged from 19 to 22 mg/L during the test. Analyses of the chemical constituents and trace metals of the water pumped indicated that it was of excellent quality. Based on these results, the well was finished as a production well. A shallow water body perched about 30 ft below ground surface and more than 400 ft above the main water body was discovered during the drilling of the first well when about 50 gal/min of water cascaded down the well. Two wells were drilled to depths of 200 and 150 ft, respectively, to explore this perched water. The yields obtained from this perched water body were low and indicated that its development was not feasible. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854332","usgsCitation":"Takasaki, K., 1986, Results of exploratory drilling for water in Waihanau Valley, Molokai, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4332, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854332.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159304,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4332/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58873,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4332/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db605ac4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Takasaki, K. J.","contributorId":44523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Takasaki","given":"K. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29040,"text":"wri864009 - 1986 - Estimated monthly percentile discharges at ungaged sites in the upper Yellowstone River Basin in Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-22T21:39:54.567544","indexId":"wri864009","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4009","title":"Estimated monthly percentile discharges at ungaged sites in the upper Yellowstone River Basin in Montana","docAbstract":"<p>Once-monthly streamflow measurements were used to estimate selected percentile discharges on flow-duration curves of monthly mean discharge for 40 ungaged stream sites in the upper Yellowstone River basin in Montana. The estimation technique was a modification of the concurrent-discharge method previously described and used by H.C. Riggs to estimate annual mean discharge. The modified technique is based on the relationship of various mean seasonal discharges to the required discharges on the flow-duration curves. The mean seasonal discharges are estimated from the monthly streamflow measurements, and the percentile discharges are calculated from regression equations. The regression equations, developed from streamflow record at nine gaging stations, indicated a significant log-linear relationship between mean seasonal discharge and various percentile discharges. The technique was tested at two discontinued streamflow-gaging stations; the differences between estimated monthly discharges and those determined from the discharge record ranged from -31 to +27 percent at one site and from -14 to +85 percent at the other. The estimates at one site were unbiased, and the estimates at the other site were consistently larger than the recorded values. Based on the test results, the probable average error of the technique was + or - 30 percent for the 21 sites measured during the first year of the program and + or - 50 percent for the 19 sites measured during the second year.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864009","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., and Hull, J.A., 1986, Estimated monthly percentile discharges at ungaged sites in the upper Yellowstone River Basin in Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4009, iv, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864009.","productDescription":"iv, 34 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":414587,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36480.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":57906,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4009/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126687,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4009/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","otherGeospatial":"upper Yellowstone River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -111.129,\n              46.225\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.129,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.221,\n              45\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.221,\n              46.225\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.129,\n              46.225\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fcd7a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hull, J. A.","contributorId":39345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hull","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29209,"text":"wri864337 - 1986 - Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T10:31:50","indexId":"wri864337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4337","title":"Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia","docAbstract":"In 1976 the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Georgia Department of Transportation, began a program to monitor small natural streams in Georgia to verify the accuracy of the flood frequency estimating equations for the five flood frequency regions that were published in a previous study. Data collection consisted of obtaining an additional 10 yr of annual peak flow records at 24 gaging stations and establishing and collecting annual peak flow records at 15 additional gaging sites in areas of the State where data were unavailable. Data also were collected for an additional 10 yr at four gaging stations that were converted to continuous record gaging stations in 1976. The flood frequency equations were verified by comparing the observed and regression equation estimated discharges for the 2-, 25-, and 100-yr floods: (1) for the 28 gaging stations continued an additional 10 yr; (2) for the 15 gaging stations that have about 10 yr of record where data were unavailable; and (3) for all gaging stations on drainage areas of &lt; 50 sq mi for which data were available in all five flood frequency regions. The rainfall-runoff model simulated discharges from the previous study also were verified by comparisons of the observed and the rainfall-runoff model simulated discharges for the 2-, 25-, and 100-yr floods for gaging stations calibrated in the previous study. These comparisons, based on student 's t-test statistics at the 0.05 level of significance, indicated that all the flood frequency equations computed in the previous study are valid and unbiased except for Regions 2 and 3, where the equations appear to be slightly biased. The comparison of the discharges simulated by the rainfall-runoff model with the observed discharges for the gaging stations that have 20 yr of record were unbiased, but simulated discharges for stations having 10 yr of record were biased, probably because of ' loss of variance ' in the averaging procedures of the rainfall-runoff model and the short length of record. The flood-frequency estimating equations computed in the previous study have been verified and are considered to be valid for natural streams in Georgia that have drainage areas of 0.1 to 20 sq mi. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/wri864337","usgsCitation":"Price, M., and Hess, G.W., 1986, Verification of regression equations for estimating flood magnitudes for selected frequencies on small natural streams in Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4337, Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 19.27 x 23.55 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864337.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 39 p.; 1 Plate: 19.27 x 23.55 inches","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":30074,"text":"wri864065 - 1986 - Traveltime and dispersion in the Shenandoah River and its tributaries, Waynesboro, Virginia, to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri864065","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4065","title":"Traveltime and dispersion in the Shenandoah River and its tributaries, Waynesboro, Virginia, to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia","docAbstract":"Two traveltime and dispersion measurements using rhodamin dye were conducted on a 178-mile reach of the Shenandoah River between Waynesboro, Virginia, and Harpers Ferry, West Virginia. The flows during the two measurements were at approximately the 85% and 45% flow durations. The two sets of data were used to develop a generalized procedure for predicting traveltimes and downstream concentrations resulting from spillage of water soluble substances at any point along the river reach studied. The procedure can be used to calculate traveltime and concentration data for almost any spillage that occurs during relatively steady flow between a 40% to 95% flow duration. Based on an analogy between the general shape of a time concentration curve and a scalene triangle, the procedures can be used on long river reaches to approximate the conservative time concentration curve for instantaneous spills of contaminants. The triangular approximation technique can be combined with a superposition technique to predict the approximate, conservative time concentration curve for constant rate and variable rate injections of contaminants. The procedure was applied to a hypothetical situation in which 5,000 pounds of contaminants is spilled instantaneously at Island Ford, Virginia. The times required for the leading edge, the peak concentration, and the trailing edge of the contaminant cloud to reach the water intake at Front Royal, Virginia (85 miles downstream), are 234,280, and 340 hrs, respectively, for a flow at an 80% flow duration. The conservative peak concentration would be approximately 940 micrograms/L at Front Royal. The procedures developed cannot be depended upon when a significant hydraulic wave or other unsteady flow condition exists in the flow system or when the spilled material floats or is immiscible in water. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, Geological Survey ;\r\nOpen-File Services Section, Western Distribution Branch,","doi":"10.3133/wri864065","usgsCitation":"Taylor, K., James, R., and Helinsky, B., 1986, Traveltime and dispersion in the Shenandoah River and its tributaries, Waynesboro, Virginia, to Harpers Ferry, West Virginia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4065, vi, 58 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864065.","productDescription":"vi, 58 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160151,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4065/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58883,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4065/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58884,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4065/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0e72","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, K.R.","contributorId":36929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"K.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"James, R.W.","contributorId":70434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"James","given":"R.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helinsky, B.M.","contributorId":82344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helinsky","given":"B.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":30285,"text":"wri864069 - 1986 - The effects of urbanization on floods in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-10T10:50:58","indexId":"wri864069","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4069","title":"The effects of urbanization on floods in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The effects of urbanization on flood peaks in streams in the Austin metropolitan area were studied in two separate analyses. In the first analysis, annual peak discharge records at 13 streamflow-gaging sites were used to compute a recorded flood frequency relation for each site. Rainfall and streamflow data for 10 to 20 storms for each of these sites were used to calibrate a rainfall-runoff model in which a 55-year rainfall record was used to simulate 55 annual peak discharges. These simulated discharges also were used to develop a flood-frequency relation at each site. The flood-frequency relations from recorded and generated data were then combined by weighting the recorded flood frequency by the years of record at each site to produce a combined (or weighted) flood frequency at each site. Flood frequencies for all 13 sites were subsequently regressed against basin characteristics at each site to determine possible effects of urbanization.</p>\n<p>The regression analysis of the combined flood-frequency data for the 13 sites yielded an equation for estimating floods of a given recurrence interval at ungaged sites in the Austin area as a function of the contributing drainage area, the total impervious area percentage, and basin shape. The regression equation estimates that a near fully developed hypothetical drainage basin (impervious area percentage, 45) would have discharges for the 2- and 100-year recurrence interval that are 99 percent and 73 percent greater, respectively, than discharges for those frequencies from a rural drainage basin (impervious percentage, 0).</p>\n<p>In the second analysis, records at one streamflow-gaging site on Waller Creek were analyzed for changes in rainfall-runoff and flood-frequency relations due to urbanization. Annual peak discharges from 1956 to 1980 and data from a total of 80 storms at the Waller Creek site were analyzed.</p>\n<p>Both analyses showed increases comparable to those predicted using the equations developed from the 13-station analysis. The last 14 years of record (the near fully developed land-use stage for the Waller Creek analysis) at the two sites on Waller Creek were part of the 13-station analysis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri864069","usgsCitation":"Veenhuis, J.E., and Gannett, D.G., 1986, The effects of urbanization on floods in the Austin metropolitan area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4069, vi, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864069.","productDescription":"vi, 66 p.","numberOfPages":"73","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59076,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -98.01589965820312,\n              30.109493896732292\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.01589965820312,\n              30.431505741151742\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.59635925292969,\n              30.431505741151742\n            ],\n            [\n              -97.59635925292969,\n              30.109493896732292\n            ],\n            [\n              -98.01589965820312,\n              30.109493896732292\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4885e4b07f02db519222","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Veenhuis, Jack E.","contributorId":66745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Veenhuis","given":"Jack","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gannett, David G.","contributorId":173581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gannett","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30078,"text":"wri864011 - 1986 - Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri864011","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4011","title":"Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado","docAbstract":"The Piceance basin of northwestern Colorado contains large resources of oil shale, nahcolite, and dawsonite. Development of these minerals will require drainage of water from mines. A six-layer hydrologic model of the basin was prepared to simulate mine drainage for mineral development. Streams and major tributaries were simulated as head-dependent nodes. Stream nodes were gaining or losing, but the rate of loss was constrained by the leakance of the streambed and the stream stage. Springs also were simulated as head-dependent nodes that stop flowing if the aquifer head declines below the spring orifice. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864011","usgsCitation":"Taylor, O., 1986, Simulation of mine drainage for preliminary development of oil shale and associated minerals, Piceance basin, northwestern Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4011, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. 1 over-size sheet, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864011.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm. 1 over-size sheet","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159509,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58888,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58889,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4011/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f22c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Taylor, O. James","contributorId":23958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"O. James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":29052,"text":"wri864341 - 1986 - Simulation of rain floods on Willow Creek, Valley County, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:52","indexId":"wri864341","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4341","title":"Simulation of rain floods on Willow Creek, Valley County, Montana","docAbstract":"The Hydrologic Engineering Center-1 rainfall-runoff simulation model was used to assess the effects of a system of reservoirs and waterspreaders in the 550-sq mi Willow Creek Basin in northeastern Montana. For simulation purposes, the basin was subdivided into 100 subbasins containing 84 reservoirs and 14 waterspreaders. Precipitation input to the model was a 24-hr duration, 100-yr frequency synthetic rainstorm developed from National Weather Service data. Infiltration and detention losses were computed using the U.S. Soil Conservation Service Curve Number concept, and the dimensionless unit hydrograph developed by the U.S. Soil Conservation Service was used to compute runoff. Channel and reservoir flow routing was based on the modified Puls storage routing procedure. Waterspreaders were simulated by assuming that each dike in a spreader system functions as a reservoir, with only an emergency spillway discharging directly into the next dike. Waterspreader and reservoir volumes were calculated from surface areas measured on maps. The first simulation run was made with no structures in place, and resulted in a 100-yr frequency peak at the mouth of Willow Creek of 22,700 cu ft/sec. With all structures in place, the 100-yr frequency peak was decreased by 74% to 5,870 cu ft/sec. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864341","usgsCitation":"Parrett, C., 1986, Simulation of rain floods on Willow Creek, Valley County, Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4341, iv, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864341.","productDescription":"iv, 89 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4341/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57917,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4341/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f2050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parrett, Charles","contributorId":9635,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parrett","given":"Charles","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30085,"text":"wri844146 - 1986 - Selected drill-stem test data for the Upper Colorado River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:08","indexId":"wri844146","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4146","title":"Selected drill-stem test data for the Upper Colorado River basin","docAbstract":"Permeability data from aquifers and confining layers may be available from drill-stem tests made during the course of petroleum exploration. During the drill-stem test, the stratigraphic interval of interest is isolated in the hole by the use of packers attached to the drill string. Fluid flows into the drilling pipe under the influence of the formation head. Pressure measurements and other data collected during the course of the test are used to gain information on undisturbed formation head, permeability, hydraulic conductivity, and fluid temperature. Drill-stem test data for individual formation in the Upper Colorado River Basin presented in tables in this report are arranged in groups of 10 hydrogeologic units that were classified on the basis of geologic age, location, depositional environment and lithology. Maps indicating the locations of test sites and areal distribution of test data within the 10 units are provided at the beginning of each table. Stratigraphic columns also are provided to identify the relative ages of the formation tested and to correlate regional hydrogeologic units. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844146","usgsCitation":"Teller, R., and Chafin, D.T., 1986, Selected drill-stem test data for the Upper Colorado River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4146, iv, 112 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844146.","productDescription":"iv, 112 p. :ill. (1 col.), maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160690,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4146/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58898,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4146/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58899,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4146/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4c38","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Teller, R.W.","contributorId":16021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teller","given":"R.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202648,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chafin, D. T.","contributorId":57893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chafin","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30267,"text":"wri854232 - 1986 - Simulation of streamflow temperatures in the Yakima River basin, Washington, April-October 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:01","indexId":"wri854232","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4232","title":"Simulation of streamflow temperatures in the Yakima River basin, Washington, April-October 1981","docAbstract":"The effects of storage, diversion, return flow, and meteorological variables on water temperature in the Yakima River, in Washington State, were simulated, and the changes in water temperature that could be expected under four alternative-management scenarios were examined for improvement in anadromous fish environment. A streamflow routing model and Lagrangian streamflow temperature model were used to simulate water discharge and temperature in the river. The estimated model errors were 12% for daily discharge and 1.7 C for daily temperature. Sensitivity analysis of the simulation of water temperatures showed that the effect of reservoir outflow temperatures diminishes in a downstream direction. A 4 C increase in outflow temperatures results in a 1.0 C increase in mean irrigation season water temperature at Umtanum in the upper Yakima River basin, but only a 0.01C increase at Prosser in the lower basin. The influence of air temperature on water temperature increases in a downstream direction and is the dominant influence in the lower basin. A 4 C increase in air temperature over the entire basin resulted in a 2.34 C increase in river temperatures at Prosser in the lower basin and 1.46 C at Umtanum in the upper basin. Changes in wind speed and model wind-function parameters had little effect on the model predicted water temperature. Of four alternative management scenarios suggested by the U.S. Bureau of Indian Affairs and the Yakima Indian Nation, the 1981 reservoir releases maintained without diversions or return flow in the river basin produced water temperatures nearest those considered as preferable for salmon and steelhead trout habitat. The alternative management scenario for no reservoir storage and no diversions or return flows in the river basin (estimate of natural conditions) produced conditions that were the least like those considered as preferable for salmon and steelhead trout habitat. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854232","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 1986, Simulation of streamflow temperatures in the Yakima River basin, Washington, April-October 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4232, vii, 91 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854232.","productDescription":"vii, 91 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160452,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4232/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59054,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4232/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48e5e4b07f02db550dd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30265,"text":"wri854151 - 1986 - Plan of study for the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis, Columbia Plateau, Washington, northern Oregon, and northwestern Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:03:17","indexId":"wri854151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4151","title":"Plan of study for the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis, Columbia Plateau, Washington, northern Oregon, and northwestern Idaho","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey began a 4-year study of the regional aquifer system underlying the Columbia Plateau, in central and eastern Washington, northern Oregon, and northwestern Idaho in October 1983, as part of the Regional Aquifer System Analysis program. The study will describe the geohydrology, geochemistry, and quality of water in the Columbia River Basalt Group, the Miocene rocks that underlie 70,000 square miles in three States. Water from the basalts is used for municipal and industrial purposes, and most importantly, for agriculture. As more land is brought under cultivation and surface water becomes totally allocated, the groundwater is an increasingly important supply for agriculture and related activities. In addition, the basalts are being considered as a repository site for high-level nuclear wastes. For management agencies to make the best decisions regarding the future development of this area, the regional groundwater flow system, its relation to the surfacewater system , and the quality of the water need to be quantified. This report describes the geohydrologic setting, hydrologic problems, objectives, and approach for the region. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854151","usgsCitation":"Vaccaro, J.J., 1986, Plan of study for the Regional Aquifer-System Analysis, Columbia Plateau, Washington, northern Oregon, and northwestern Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4151, iii, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854151.","productDescription":"iii, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":119472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4151/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59052,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4151/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68560a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vaccaro, J. J.","contributorId":48173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vaccaro","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202958,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30097,"text":"wri854133 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Fort Pierce 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T17:34:24.861085","indexId":"wri854133","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4133","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Fort Pierce 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854133","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M., and Seaber, P., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Fort Pierce 1 degree x 2 degrees quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4133, 1 Plate: 39.31 x 22.50 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854133.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.31 x 22.50 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":424337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36296.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58913,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4133/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160581,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Fort Pierce quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              27\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              28\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bedd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, M.E.","contributorId":30659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"M.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, P. R.","contributorId":53802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"P. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30258,"text":"wri864096 - 1986 - Evaluation of the matrix exponential for use in ground-water-flow and solute-transport simulations; theoretical framework","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:02","indexId":"wri864096","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4096","title":"Evaluation of the matrix exponential for use in ground-water-flow and solute-transport simulations; theoretical framework","docAbstract":"It is possible to obtain analytic solutions to the groundwater flow and solute transport equations if space variables are discretized but time is left continuous. From these solutions, hydraulic head and concentration fields for any future time can be obtained without ' marching ' through intermediate time steps. This analytical approach involves matrix exponentiation and is referred to as the Matrix Exponential Time Advancement (META) method. Two algorithms are presented for the META method, one for symmetric and the other for non-symmetric exponent matrices. A numerical accuracy indicator, referred to as the matrix condition number, was defined and used to determine the maximum number of significant figures that may be lost in the META method computations. The relative computational and storage requirements of the META method with respect to the time marching method increase with the number of nodes in the discretized problem. The potential greater accuracy of the META method and the associated greater reliability through use of the matrix condition number have to be weighed against this increased relative computational and storage requirements of this approach as the number of nodes becomes large. For a particular number of nodes, the META method may be computationally more efficient than the time-marching method, depending on the size of time steps used in the latter. A numerical example illustrates application of the META method to a sample ground-water-flow problem. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864096","usgsCitation":"Umari, A., and Gorelick, S., 1986, Evaluation of the matrix exponential for use in ground-water-flow and solute-transport simulations; theoretical framework: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4096, iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864096.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123379,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4096/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59047,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4096/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa32c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Umari, A.M.","contributorId":96300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Umari","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gorelick, S.M.","contributorId":21589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorelick","given":"S.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29069,"text":"wri854121 - 1986 - Retention time and flow patterns in Lake Moultrie, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T10:24:15","indexId":"wri854121","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4121","title":"Retention time and flow patterns in Lake Moultrie, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A liquid dye tracer was injected into the inflow to Lake Moultrie, South Carolina, during high-flow conditions and again during low-flow conditions. Tracer concentrations were monitored at a network of fixed sampling stations in the lake to determine dispersion and transport characteristics in and through the lake. Wind-generated currents were the major factor in dispersing the tracer and controlling the flow patterns, with the advective flow of water through the lake a secondary contributing factor. During the high-flow test, most of the tracer was flushed through the lake in 12 days, which did not allow time for the tracer to fully disperse throughout the lake. During the low-flow test, most of the tracer remained in the lake for more than a of a month. After 16 days it was dispersed throughout the lake. Concentrations of tracer decreased by a factor of about 500 as the dye clouds passed through the lake. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854121","usgsCitation":"Patterson, G.G., and Harvey, R., 1986, Retention time and flow patterns in Lake Moultrie, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4121, vi, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854121.","productDescription":"vi, 32 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159438,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4121/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57930,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4121/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Lake Moultrie","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              32.99945000822837\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              33.895497227123876\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.716796875,\n              33.895497227123876\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.716796875,\n              32.99945000822837\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.9033203125,\n              32.99945000822837\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a17e4b07f02db604372","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patterson, G. G.","contributorId":40242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patterson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Harvey, R.M.","contributorId":26729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harvey","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":29074,"text":"wri844189 - 1986 - Temperature of ground water at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1979- 1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T09:50:00","indexId":"wri844189","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4189","title":"Temperature of ground water at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1979- 1981","docAbstract":"<p>Anthropogenic heat production has undoubtedly caused increased ground-water temperatures in many parts of Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, as shown by temperatures of 98 samples and logs of 40 wells measured during 1979-81. Most sample temperatures were higher than 12.6 degrees Celsius (the local mean annual air temperature), and many logs depict cooling trends with depth (anomalous gradients). Heating of surface and shallow-subsurface materials has likely caused the elevated temperatures and anomalous gradients. Solar radiation on widespread concrete and asphalt surfaces, fossil-fuel combustion, and radiant losses from buried pipelines containing steam and process chemicals are believed to be the chief sources of heat. Some heat from these and other sources is transferred to deeper zones, mainly by conduction. Temperatures in densely urbanized areas are commonly highest directly beneath the land surface and decrease progressively with depth. Temperatures in sparsely urbanized areas generally follow the natural geothermal gradient and increase downward at about that same rate.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844189","usgsCitation":"Paulachok, G.N., 1986, Temperature of ground water at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, 1979- 1981: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4189, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844189.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159451,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri844189.jpg"},{"id":310283,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4189/report.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Pennslyvania","city":"Philadelphia","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.2460479736328,\n              39.8607360278182\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2460479736328,\n              40.06178210817461\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.01739501953125,\n              40.06178210817461\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.01739501953125,\n              39.8607360278182\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2460479736328,\n              39.8607360278182\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685802","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":30112,"text":"wri854207 - 1986 - Simulation analysis of water-level changes in the Navajo sandstone due to changes in the altitude of Lake Powell near Wahweap Bay, Utah and Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri854207","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4207","title":"Simulation analysis of water-level changes in the Navajo sandstone due to changes in the altitude of Lake Powell near Wahweap Bay, Utah and Arizona","docAbstract":"A two-dimensional, finite difference, digital computer model was used to simulate various concepts of groundwater flow near Wahweap Bay, Lake Powell. The filling of Lake Powell started in March 1963; and by 1983 the lake had risen almost 550 ft. This resulted in a maximum observed water level rise of 395 ft in a well in the Navajo Sandstone 1 mi from the lake. A steady-state model was prepared with subsurface recharge rates of 5,720 acre-ft/yr, 10,440 acre-ft/yr, and 14,820 acre-ft/yr, resulting in a range of hydraulic conductivity of 0.25 to 3.38 ft/da. Comparing measured and simulated water level changes resulted in a range of specific yield of 0.02 to 0.15. Using larger values for hydraulic conductivity in the model area corresponding to the axis of the Wahweap syncline and the Echo monocline was instrumental in attaining a reasonable match for the water level distribution. This supports previous concepts that areas where rocks are structurally deformed more readily transmit groundwater because of the higher degree of fracturing. Using the most likely simulation of the flow system, groundwater storage in the Navajo increased by about 25,000 acre ft/mi of shoreline form 1963-83, but the flow system will require about 400 yr to reach a state of equilibrium. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854207","usgsCitation":"Thomas, B.E., 1986, Simulation analysis of water-level changes in the Navajo sandstone due to changes in the altitude of Lake Powell near Wahweap Bay, Utah and Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4207, v, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854207.","productDescription":"v, 45 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":160076,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4207/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58927,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4207/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fae4b07f02db5f3da4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, B. E.","contributorId":90767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
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