{"pageNumber":"1977","pageRowStart":"49400","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":3953,"text":"cir973 - 1986 - Hydrogeologic factors in the selection of shallow land burial sites for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:33","indexId":"cir973","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"973","title":"Hydrogeologic factors in the selection of shallow land burial sites for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste","docAbstract":"In the United States, low-level radioactive waste is disposed of by shallow land burial. Commercial low-level radioactive waste has been buried at six sites, and low-level radioactive waste generated by the Federal Government has been buried at nine major and several minor sites. Several existing low-level radioactive waste sites have not provided expected protection of the environment. These shortcomings are related, at least in part, to an inadequate understanding of site hydrogeology at the time the sites were selected. \r\n\r\nTo better understand the natural systems and the effect of hydrogeologic factors on long-term site performance, the U.S. Geological Survey has conducted investigations at five of the six commercial low-level radioactive waste sites and at three Federal sites. These studies, combined with those of other Federal and State agencies, have identified and confirmed important hydrogeologic factors in the effective disposal of low-level radioactive waste by shallow land burial. These factors include precipitation, surface drainage, topography, site stability, geology, thickness of the host soil-rock horizon, soil and sediment permeability, soil and water chemistry, and depth to the water table.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/cir973","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J.N., 1986, Hydrogeologic factors in the selection of shallow land burial sites for the disposal of low-level radioactive waste: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 973, iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir973.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":117407,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0973/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":31040,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1986/0973/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db6280cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, John N.","contributorId":19939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":147888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27089,"text":"wri854214 - 1986 - Relationship of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in the Galena River basin, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-16T21:13:27.996642","indexId":"wri854214","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4214","title":"Relationship of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in the Galena River basin, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p>Four small tributaries of the Galena River Madden Branch tributary, Pats Creek, Apple River, and Madden Branch that drain nonpoint agricultural sources and that receive no significant point-source discharges were monitored from October 1980 through September 1982 to determine water quality.</p>\n<p>Streamflow in the tributaries during the 1981 water year was about 25 percent below normal and, during the 1982 water year, about 38 percent above normal. Precipitation in the basin was near the 30-year normal during the 2-year study period.</p>\n<p>The yields of suspended solids, volatile solids, total phosphorus, and ammonia plus organic nitrogen during the 1982 water year were at least twice the yields of the 1981 water year. The greatest suspended-solids yield was 740 tons per square mile from Madden Branch tributary. The greatest yields of volatile solids (70.8 tons per square mile), total phosphorus (2,289 pounds per square mile), and ammonia plus organic nitrogen (8,529 pounds per square mile), were from Madden Branch. The lowest annual yields of suspended solids, volatile solids, total phosphorus, and ammonia plus organic nitrogen for both years were from the Apple River.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of many constituents were very high during runoff periods. The highest concentration of ammonia nitrogen 12 mg/L (milligrams per liter) measured during the study period was in Pats Creek during spring runoff, February 21, 1982. The highest concentration of total phosphorus, 17 mg/L, was measured in Madden Branch tributary during a storm on July 10, 1982. The storm of July 10 exceeded a 100-year recurrence interval of a 1-hour storm intensity for the area.</p>\n<p>Dissolved-oxygen concentration sags were noted at three of the monitoring stations during surface runoff. Although not all observed sags caused instream dissolved oxygen to fall to critical levels, one such decline was associated with a fishkill at Pats Creek. In that instance, highly oxidizable material with a biochemical-oxygen demand of 27 milligrams per liter was sampled at peak discharge; 16 hours later, the dissolved oxygen had dropped to 1.2 milligrams per liter.</p>\n<p>Concentrations of many constituents exceeded State and Federal water-quality standards. Dissolved-oxygen concentrations were lower than the minimum State standard on numerous occasions at all sites except Madden Branch tributary. Most phosphorus concentrations during periods of surface runoff at all sites exceeded U.S. Environmental Protection Agency standards. Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen potentially exceeded the Wisconsin State standard only once at Pats Creek.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854214","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources","usgsCitation":"Field, S.J., 1986, Relationship of nonpoint-source discharges, streamflow, and water quality in the Galena River basin, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4214, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854214.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","numberOfPages":"54","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406888,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36361.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55955,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4214/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158644,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4214/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Grant County, Lafayette County","otherGeospatial":"Galena River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.58364868164062,\n              42.48019996901214\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.58364868164062,\n              42.829652952249425\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.02059936523436,\n              42.829652952249425\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.02059936523436,\n              42.48019996901214\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.58364868164062,\n              42.48019996901214\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Field, S. J.","contributorId":50540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":18429,"text":"ofr86145 - 1986 - Water quality in the tidal Potomac River and estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-26T12:06:05","indexId":"ofr86145","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-145","title":"Water quality in the tidal Potomac River and estuary","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr86145","usgsCitation":"Carter, V., 1986, Water quality in the tidal Potomac River and estuary: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-145, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86145.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":369660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0145/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":151196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0145/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Potomac River","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f99f2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carter, Virginia","contributorId":12018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carter","given":"Virginia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":179102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":50773,"text":"ofr86499 - 1986 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1946-1986","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:35","indexId":"ofr86499","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-499","title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1946-1986","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr86499","usgsCitation":"Quinones, F., and Garcia, C., 1986, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division, for Puerto Rico and the U.S. Virgin Islands, 1946-1986: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-499, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86499.","productDescription":"27 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177605,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a90e4b07f02db655f26","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinones, Ferdinand","contributorId":44138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Quinones","given":"Ferdinand","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Carmen","contributorId":79168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garcia","given":"Carmen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":242276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":39652,"text":"pp1400D - 1986 - Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:55","indexId":"pp1400D","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1400","chapter":"D","title":"Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/pp1400D","usgsCitation":"Luckey, R.R., Gutentag, E., Heimes, F., and Weeks, J., 1986, Digital simulation of ground-water flow in the High Plains Aquifer in parts of Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1400, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1400D.","productDescription":"57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119434,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1400d/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":67340,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1400d/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a93e4b07f02db6582f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Luckey, R. R.","contributorId":93055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luckey","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutentag, E. D.","contributorId":70015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutentag","given":"E. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heimes, F.J.","contributorId":60654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heimes","given":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weeks, J.B.","contributorId":61426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weeks","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":221910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":29367,"text":"wri854253 - 1986 - Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-07T08:04:51","indexId":"wri854253","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4253","title":"Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon","docAbstract":"An appraisal of surface water quality in the Umpqua River basin was made using existing monthly data collected by the Oregon Department of Environmental Quality and the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Douglas County Water Resources Survey. This appraisal was limited to interpretation of instantaneous monthly water quality data collected in the Umpqua River basin from water years 1974 to 1983. These data were used to compare water quality conditions throughout the basin and to determine if data collected from the NASQAN (National Stream Quality Accounting network) station are representative of upstream basin conditions. In general, data collected at the NASQAN station represent a composite of water quality from the North and South Umpqua Rivers. These river basins account for 82 % of the NASQAN station drainage. Water quality concentrations, loads, yields, and trends were statistically described and related to point source effluent loads and basin characteristics including geohydrology, hydrology, population, land use, and water use. Available point-and nonpoint-source data provided minimal information for determining cause-effect relations and for explaining observed trends in water quality; however, the data did indicate that the largest effluent discharges are located in the South Umpqua River basin in the Roseburg-Winston area. Instantaneous and annual flow weighted levels of specific conductance, phosphorus, organic plus ammonia nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate, and fecal coliform bacteria are generally highest in the South Umpqua River near Roseburg. These high levels generally occur during the summer months when river flow is extremely low relative to flow in the North Umpqua River. The North Umpqua River has among the lowest constituent concentrations observed in the basin. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854253","usgsCitation":"Rinella, J.F., 1986, Analysis of fixed-station water-quality data in the Umpqua River basin, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4253, vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854253.","productDescription":"vii, 96 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":58215,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123330,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4253/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d6e4b07f02db5de4b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rinella, J. F.","contributorId":86777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rinella","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27840,"text":"wri854196 - 1986 - Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, as of 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:41","indexId":"wri854196","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4196","title":"Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, as of 1983","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854196","usgsCitation":"Ireland, R.L., 1986, Land subsidence in the San Joaquin Valley, California, as of 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4196, v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854196.","productDescription":"v, 50 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121800,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4196/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56665,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4196/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":56666,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4196/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b30e4b07f02db6b4101","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ireland, R. L.","contributorId":89893,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ireland","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27837,"text":"wri864004 - 1986 - Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-18T20:44:20.565241","indexId":"wri864004","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4004","title":"Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams","docAbstract":"<p>Flood hydrographs are needed for the design of many highway drainage structures and embankments. A method for simulating these flood hydrographs at ungaged sites in Georgia is presented in this report.</p><p>The O'Donnell method was used to compute unit hydrographs and lagtimes for 355 floods at 80 gaging stations. An average unit hydrograph and an average lagtime were computed for each station. These average unit hydrographs were transformed to unit hydrographs having durations of one-fourth, one-third, one-half, and three-fourths lagtime, then reduced to dimensionless terms by dividing the time by lagtime and the discharge by peak discharge. Hydrographs were simulated for these 355 floods and their widths were compared with the widths of the observed hydrographs at 50 and 75 percent of peak flow. The dimensionless hydrograph based on one-half lagtime duration provided the best fit of the observed data.</p><p>Multiple-regression analysis was then used to define relations between lagtime and certain physical basin characteristics, of which drainage area and slope were found to be significant for the rural-stream equations, and drainage area, slope, and impervious area were found to be significant for the Atlanta urban-stream equation.</p><p>A hydrograph can be simulated from the dimensionless hydrograph, the peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval, and the lagtime obtained from regression equations for any site with less than a 500 square mile drainage area in Georgia.</p><p>For simulating hydrographs at sites with basins larger than 500 square miles, the U.S. Geological Survey computer model CONROUT can be used. This model routes streamflow from an upstream channel location to a user-defined location downstream. The product of CONROUT is a simulated discharge hydrograph for the downstream site, which has a peak discharge of a specific recurrence interval. The diffusion-analogy routing method with single linearization was used in this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Georgia Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Inman, E.J., 1986, Simulation of flood hydrographs for Georgia streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4004, v, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864004.","productDescription":"v, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158702,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4004/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":396193,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4004/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United 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,{"id":65298,"text":"i1785 - 1986 - Controlled photomosaic of part of the Apollinaris Patera Region of Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:14","indexId":"i1785","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":320,"text":"IMAP","code":"I","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1785","subseriesTitle":"NONE","title":"Controlled photomosaic of part of the Apollinaris Patera Region of Mars","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/i1785","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Controlled photomosaic of part of the Apollinaris Patera Region of Mars: U.S. Geological Survey IMAP 1785, 1 remote-sensing image ;63 x 52 cm., sheet 96 x 59 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/i1785.","productDescription":"1 remote-sensing image ;63 x 52 cm., sheet 96 x 59 cm., folded in envelope 30 x 24 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":188952,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":100863,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/1785/plate-1.pdf","size":"7727","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"scale":"500000","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae5e4b07f02db68abb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":533685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26923,"text":"wri864028 - 1986 - Water levels in major artesian aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 1983","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri864028","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4028","title":"Water levels in major artesian aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 1983","docAbstract":"Water levels and changes in water levels in the major aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain are documented. Water levels in 1,071 wells were measured in 1983, and are compared with 827 water level measurements made in the same wells in 1978. Increased groundwater withdrawals from the major artesian aquifers that underlie the New Jersey Coastal Plain have caused large cones of depression in the artesian heads. These cones are delineated on detailed potentiometric surface maps based on water level data collected in the fall of 1983. Hydrographs from observation wells show trends of water levels for the 6-year period of 1978 through 1983. The Potomac-Raritan-Magothy aquifer system is divided into the lower, middle, and upper aquifers. The potentiometric surfaces in these aquifers form large cones of depression centered in the Camden and Middlesex-Monmouth County areas. Measured water levels declined as much as 23 ft in these areas for the period of study. The lowest levels are 96 ft below sea level in Camden County and 91 ft below sea level in the Middlesex-Monmouth County area. Deep cones of depression in coastal Monmouth and Ocean counties in both the Englishtown aquifer system and Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer are similar in location and shape. This is because of an effective hydraulic connection between these aquifers. Measured water levels declined as much as 29 ft in the Englishtown aquifer system and 21 ft in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer during the period of study. The lowest levels are 249 ft below sea level in the Englishtown aquifer system and 196 ft below sea level in the Wenonah-Mount Laurel aquifer. Water levels in the Piney Point aquifer are as low as 75 ft below sea level at Seaside Park, Ocean County and 35 ft below sea level in southern Cumberland County. Water levels in Cumberland County are affected by large withdrawals of groundwater in Kent County, Delaware. Water levels in the Atlantic City 800 ft sand of the Kirkwood Formation define an extensive elongated cone of depression. Water levels are as low as 76 ft below sea level near Margate and Ventnor, Atlantic County. Measured water levels declined as much as 9 ft in the coastal region between Cape May County and Ocean County for the period of study. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864028","usgsCitation":"Eckel, J., and Walker, R., 1986, Water levels in major artesian aquifers of the New Jersey Coastal Plain, 1983: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4028, vi, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864028.","productDescription":"vi, 62 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158468,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55803,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55804,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55805,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55806,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55807,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55808,"rank":405,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-6.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55809,"rank":406,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/plate-7.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55810,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4028/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f043c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Eckel, J.A.","contributorId":50176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eckel","given":"J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197252,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Walker, R.L.","contributorId":27009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walker","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197251,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25442,"text":"wri864051 - 1986 - Determination of geohydrologic framework and extent of d- water contamination using surface geophysical techniques at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:18","indexId":"wri864051","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4051","title":"Determination of geohydrologic framework and extent of d- water contamination using surface geophysical techniques at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey","docAbstract":"Seismic-refraction, electric-resistivity sounding, and electromagnetic conductivity techniques were used to determine the geohydrologic framework and extent of groundwater contamination at Picatinny Arsenal in northern New Jersey. The area studied encompasses about 4 sq mi at the southern end of the Arsenal. The bedrock surface beneath the glacial sediments was delineated by seismic-refraction techniques. Data for 12 seismic lines were collected using a 12-channel engineering seismograph. Competent bedrock crops out on both sides of the valley, but is about 290 ft below land surface in the deepest part of the topographic valley. Where the exposed bedrock surface forms steep slopes on the valley side, it remains steep below the valley fill. Likewise, gentle bedrock valley slopes have gentle subsurface slopes. The deepest part of the bedrock valley is along the southern extension of the Green Pond fault. The electric-resistivity sounding technique was used to determine the sediment types. Data were collected from four sites using the offset Wenner electrode configuration. Below the surface layer, the sediments have apparent and computed resistivity values of 120 to 170 ohm-meters. These values correspond to a saturated fine-grained sediment such as silt or interbedded sand and clay. Groundwater contamination was by electromagnetic conductivity techniques using transmitting and receiving coils separated by 32.8 ft and 12 ft. Thirteen sites have apparent conductivity values exceeding 15 millimhos/m. Of these, seven sites indicate groundwater contamination from a variety of sources including a sanitary landfill, pyrotechnic testing ground, burning area, former domestic sewage field, salt storage facility, hazardous waste disposal lagoon, sewage treatment plant, and fertilizer storage shed. Three areas underlain by clay or muck are interpreted to be free of contamination. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864051","usgsCitation":"Lacombe, P., 1986, Determination of geohydrologic framework and extent of d- water contamination using surface geophysical techniques at Picatinny Arsenal, New Jersey: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4051, v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864051.","productDescription":"v, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126881,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54172,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54173,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54174,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54175,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54176,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54177,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4051/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667691","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lacombe, Pierre","contributorId":28274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lacombe","given":"Pierre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26948,"text":"wri854285 - 1986 - Transport and variability of indicator bacteria in the Apalachicola River and estuary, Florida, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:30","indexId":"wri854285","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4285","title":"Transport and variability of indicator bacteria in the Apalachicola River and estuary, Florida, 1983-84","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854285","usgsCitation":"Elder, J.F., 1986, Transport and variability of indicator bacteria in the Apalachicola River and estuary, Florida, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4285, iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854285.","productDescription":"iv, 29 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158247,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4285/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":55836,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4285/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ce4b07f02db626c04","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elder, J. F.","contributorId":54143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":43093,"text":"ofr81323 - 1986 - Land use and land cover and associated maps for Pullman, Washington; Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:03","indexId":"ofr81323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"81-323","title":"Land use and land cover and associated maps for Pullman, Washington; Idaho","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr81323","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Land use and land cover and associated maps for Pullman, Washington; Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 81-323, maps ;45 x 63 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr81323.","productDescription":"maps ;45 x 63 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":135554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af628","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":530957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":2041,"text":"wsp2297 - 1986 - Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:19","indexId":"wsp2297","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":341,"text":"Water Supply Paper","code":"WSP","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2297","title":"Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts","docAbstract":"Estimation of the average annual rate of ground-water recharge to sand and gravel aquifers using elevated tritium concentrations in ground water is an alternative to traditional steady-state and water-balance recharge-rate methods. The concept of the tritium tracer method is that the average annual rate of ground-water recharge over a period of time can be calculated from the depth of the peak tritium concentration in the aquifer. Assuming that ground-water flow is vertically downward and that aquifer properties are reasonably homogeneous, and knowing the date of maximum tritium concentration in precipitation and the current depth to the tritium peak from the water table, the average recharge rate can be calculated. The method, which is a direct-measurement technique, was applied at two sites on Nantucket Island, Massachusetts. At site 1, the average annual recharge rate between 1964 and 1983 was 26.1 inches per year, or 68 percent of the average annual precipitation, and the estimated uncertainty is ?15 percent. At site 2, the multilevel water samplers were not constructed deep enough to determine the peak concentration of tritium in ground water. The tritium profile at site 2 resembles the upper part of the tritium profile at site 1 and indicates that the average recharge rate was at least 16 .7 inches per year, or at least 44 percent of the average annual precipitation. \r\n\r\nThe Nantucket tritium recharge rates clearly are higher than rates determined elsewhere in southeastern Massachusetts using the tritium, water-table-fluctuation, and water-balance (Thornthwaite) methods, regardless of the method or the area. Because the recharge potential on Nantucket is so high (runoff is only 2 percent of the total water balance), the tritium recharge rates probably represent the effective upper limit for ground-water recharge in this region. The recharge-rate values used by Guswa and LeBlanc (1985) and LeBlanc (1984) in their ground-water-flow computer models of Cape Cod are 20 to 30 percent lower than this upper limit. \r\n\r\nThe accuracy of the tritium method is dependent on two key factors: the accuracy of the effective-porosity data, and the sampling interval used at the site. For some sites, the need for recharge-rate data may require a determination as statistically accurate as that which can be provided by the tritium method. However, the tritium method is more costly and more time consuming than the other methods because numerous wells must be drilled and installed and because many water samples must be analyzed for tritium, to a very small level of analytical detection. For many sites, a less accurate, less expensive, and faster method of recharge-rate determination might be more satisfactory .\r\n\r\nThe factor that most seriously limits the usefulness of the tritium tracer method is the current depth of the tritium peak. Water with peak concentrations of tritium entered the ground more than 20 years ago, and, according to the Nantucket data, that water now is more than 100 feet below the land surface. This suggests that the tracer method will work only in sand and gravel aquifers that are exceedingly thick by New England standards. Conversely, the results suggest that the method may work in areas where saturated thicknesses are less than 100 feet and the rate of vertical ground-water movement is relatively slow, such as in till and in silt- and clay-rich sand and gravel deposits.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nFor sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wsp2297","usgsCitation":"Knott, J.F., and Olimpio, J.C., 1986, Estimation of recharge rates to the sand and gravel aquifer using environmental tritium, Nantucket Island, Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Water Supply Paper 2297, iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wsp2297.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":26,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wsp2297/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":137708,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db667533","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Knott, Jayne Fifield","contributorId":69531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knott","given":"Jayne","email":"","middleInitial":"Fifield","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olimpio, Julio C.","contributorId":93877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olimpio","given":"Julio","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":144575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":27244,"text":"wri864112 - 1986 - Channel-storage/discharge relations for the Peoria and La Grange dams on the Illinois River in Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-25T21:37:20.261649","indexId":"wri864112","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4112","title":"Channel-storage/discharge relations for the Peoria and La Grange dams on the Illinois River in Illinois","docAbstract":"<p>The relations between channel storage and discharge at the Peoria and La Grange Dams on the Illinois River are defined. The relations were developed by regressing channel storage against peak discharge at the dams. Peak discharges at the Peoria Dam ranged from 19,700 to 79,500 cu ft/sec, whereas those at the La Grange Dam ranged from 27,200 to 122,000 cu ft/sec. The storage-discharge relations are linear for the range of discharges used in the analyses. For a given discharge, the channel storage upstream from the Peoria Dam is 2.4 to 4 times greater than that upstream from the La Grange Dam.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864112","usgsCitation":"Garklavs, G., Klinger, A.R., and Mades, D., 1986, Channel-storage/discharge relations for the Peoria and La Grange dams on the Illinois River in Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4112, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864112.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":421143,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36556.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56107,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4112/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":122773,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4112/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Illinois","otherGeospatial":"Illinois River, La Grange Dam, Peoria Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.62868149937411,\n              40.63565592073155\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62868149937411,\n              40.62980392240735\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.622269969372,\n              40.62980392240735\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.622269969372,\n              40.63565592073155\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62868149937411,\n              40.63565592073155\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    },\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.53621588435867,\n              39.94341250771876\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53621588435867,\n              39.93776599486037\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5307140984785,\n              39.93776599486037\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.5307140984785,\n              39.94341250771876\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.53621588435867,\n              39.94341250771876\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e0e4b07f02db5e4755","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Garklavs, George","contributorId":87139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garklavs","given":"George","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Klinger, A. R.","contributorId":63431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klinger","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mades, D. M.","contributorId":40230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mades","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":4727,"text":"twri03A12 - 1986 - Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":11690,"text":"ofr84234 - 1984 - Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing","indexId":"ofr84234","publicationYear":"1984","noYear":false,"title":"Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":4727,"text":"twri03A12 - 1986 - Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing","indexId":"twri03A12","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:05:32","indexId":"twri03A12","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":336,"text":"Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations","code":"TWRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"03-A12","title":"Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing","docAbstract":"This manual describes the current fluorometric procedures\r\nused by the U.S. Geological Survey in dye tracer studies such\r\nas time of travel, dispersion, reaeration, and dilution-type discharge\r\nmeasurements. The advantages of dye tracing are (1)\r\nlow detection and measurement limits and (2) simplicity and\r\naccuracy in measuring dye tracer concentrations using\r\nfluorometric techniques.\r\nThe manual contains necessary background information\r\nabout fluorescence, dyes, and fluorometers and a description\r\nof fluorometric operation and calibration procedures as a\r\nguide for laboratory and field use. The background information\r\nshould be useful to anyone wishing to experiment with\r\ndyes, fluorometer components, or procedures different from\r\nthose described. In addition, a brief section on aerial photography\r\nis included because of its possible use to supplement\r\nground-level fluorometry.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;For sale by the Books and Open-File Reports Section, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/twri03A12","issn":"0565-596X","usgsCitation":"Wilson, J.F., Cobb, E.D., and Kilpatrick, F.A., 1986, Fluorometric procedures for dye tracing (Revision - 1986): U.S. Geological Survey Techniques of Water-Resources Investigations 03-A12, x, 34 p. :ill ;26 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/twri03A12.","productDescription":"x, 34 p. :ill ;26 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":139108,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":355,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/twri/twri3-a12/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Revision - 1986","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cce4b07f02db54411a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, James F.","contributorId":84737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cobb, Ernest D.","contributorId":25139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cobb","given":"Ernest","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kilpatrick, F. A.","contributorId":22319,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kilpatrick","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":149690,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":26061,"text":"wri854074 - 1986 - Temporal changes in sulfate, chloride, and sodium concentrations in four eastern Pennsylvania streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-07T08:23:51","indexId":"wri854074","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4074","title":"Temporal changes in sulfate, chloride, and sodium concentrations in four eastern Pennsylvania streams","docAbstract":"Trend analyses of 20 years or more of chemical quality and streamflow data for four streams in eastern Pennsylvania indicate that sulfate has decreased significantly in three of the four basins studied, while sodium and chloride have generally increased. The majority of chemical quality changes occurred in the late 1950 's and early 1960 's coincident with significant cultural changes. It is believed that these chemical quality changes are presently of little or no environmental consequence, as the concentrations are well within the range of those found in natural waters. Decreases in sulfate follow a regional trend concurrent with the conversion of home and industrial heating units from high to low sulfur coal, gas, and oil. The most significant decreases were observed in those basins severely affected by mine-drainage where pumpage has decreased significantly in the past 25 years, thereby further reducing the sulfur content of the streams. The observed increases in chloride and sodium are attributed to population increases and shifts from rural to suburban communities with concurrent increase in the percentage of the population using municipal waste treatment facilities and the increased use of salt on roadways. The concentrations of dissolved chloride, which are from two to three times higher in recent years, reach a peak in January, coincident with the application of salt to melt ice on the roadways. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854074","usgsCitation":"Barker, J.L., 1986, Temporal changes in sulfate, chloride, and sodium concentrations in four eastern Pennsylvania streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4074, iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854074.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":158077,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4074/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54840,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4074/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db68557f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barker, J. L.","contributorId":83518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barker","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26072,"text":"wri854070 - 1986 - Method for estimating low-flow statistics for ungaged streams in the lower Hudson River Basin, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"wri854070","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4070","title":"Method for estimating low-flow statistics for ungaged streams in the lower Hudson River Basin, New York","docAbstract":"Seven-day, 10-year and 7-day, 2-year low flow statistics were related to selected basin characteristics by multiple-regression analysis for 53 sites with watershed areas of less than 100 sq mi in the lower Hudson River basin. A common 20-year period of record was selected to ensure comparability of results. The most significant variable was the percentage of drainage basin underlain by stratified drift. The lowest standard errors of estimate were obtained from equations giving results in terms of discharge/sq mi during low-flow conditions. The statistically significant basin characteristics needed for estimating low flow were percentage of basin containing stratified drift, mean basin elevation, and mean annual precipitation. The smallest standard errors for 7-day, 10-year and 7-day, 2-year low flows obtained were 51% of the mean and 39% of the mean, respectively. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854070","usgsCitation":"Barnes, C., 1986, Method for estimating low-flow statistics for ungaged streams in the lower Hudson River Basin, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4070, iv, 22 p. :ill., 3 maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854070.","productDescription":"iv, 22 p. :ill., 3 maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118722,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4070/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54846,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4070/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db625029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barnes, C.R.","contributorId":85625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26955,"text":"wri854118 - 1986 - Hydraulic geometry and streamflow of channels in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-05T20:44:28.001337","indexId":"wri854118","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4118","title":"Hydraulic geometry and streamflow of channels in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado","docAbstract":"<p>The influence of streamflow and basin characteristics on channel geometry was investigated at 18 perennial and ephemeral stream reaches in the Piceance basin of northwestern Colorado. Results of stepwise multiple regression analyses indicated that the variabilities of mean bankfull depth (D) and bankfull cross-sectional flow area (Af) were predominantly a function of bankfull discharge (QB), and that most of the variability in channel slopes (S) could be explained by drainage area (DA). None of the independent variables selected for the study could account for a large part of the variability in bankfull channel width (W).&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854118","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., and Cartier, K.D., 1986, Hydraulic geometry and streamflow of channels in the Piceance Basin, Rio Blanco and Garfield Counties, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4118, iv, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854118.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411450,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36283.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55841,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4118/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123093,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4118/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Garfiled County, Rio Blanco County","otherGeospatial":"Piceance basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -108.667,\n              39.316\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.771,\n              39.316\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.771,\n              40.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.667,\n              40.167\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.667,\n              39.316\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db62a286","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197311,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cartier, K. D.","contributorId":9236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cartier","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197310,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25973,"text":"wri834279 - 1986 - Hydrologic effects of withdrawal of ground water on the West Fargo aquifer system, eastern Cass County, North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T15:44:23","indexId":"wri834279","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4279","title":"Hydrologic effects of withdrawal of ground water on the West Fargo aquifer system, eastern Cass County, North Dakota","docAbstract":"<p>The West Fargo area is underlain by glaciofluvial deposits, which comprise the West Fargo aquifer system* These deposits range in thickness from 5 to 227 feet. </p><p>The West Fargo aquifer system extends from the vicinity of Argusville, Cass County, to at least as far south as Richland County. The aquifer system primarily consists of three aquifers, namely the West Fargo North aquifer, the West Fargo South aquifer, and the Horace aquifer. The West Fargo North aquifer is about 2 miles wide near Harwood and about 3.5 miles wide near West Fargo. The West Fargo South aquifer extends from the southeast part of West Fargo to beyond the Cass-Richland county border. It is less than 1.5 miles wide Jbut generally more than 0.5 mile wide. The Horace aquifer extends from north of Interstate Highway 94 west of West Fargo to the Cass-Richland county border. It is less than 1 mile wide in the northern part and somewhat more than 1 mile wide in the southern part. </p><p>Pumping of large quantities of ground water for the most part has been from the West Fargo North aquifer and has been confined to the area of West Fargo. Here the combined pumpage from all the wells has averaged about 613 million gallons (1,880 acre-feet) per year since 1968. This pumpage has caused water levels to decline from land surface in 1896 to as much as 121.7 feet below land surface in 1981.</p><p>Recharge to the West Fargo aquifer system is estimated to be about 600 to 650 million gallons (1,800 to 2,000 acre-feet) per year. Almost all discharge from the aquifer system is by pumpage, which is about 683 million gallons (2,096 acre-feet) per year. The difference is derived from available storage, estimated to be about 131,300 million gallons (404,000 acre-feet). </p><p>Water samples collected from the West Fargo aquifer system contained dissolved-solids concentrations that ranged from 332 to 2,960 milligrams per liter, and chloride concentrations that ranged from 25 to 975 milligrams per liter. Generally both dissolved-solids and chloride concentrations increased from east to west.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834279","usgsCitation":"Armstrong, C.A., 1986, Hydrologic effects of withdrawal of ground water on the West Fargo aquifer system, eastern Cass County, North Dakota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4279, Report: v, 28 p.; 5 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834279.","productDescription":"Report: v, 28 p.; 5 Plates","costCenters":[{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54723,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54724,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54725,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54726,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54727,"rank":404,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/plate-5.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54728,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4279/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","county":"Cass County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b04b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Armstrong, C. A.","contributorId":66231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":195567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":27391,"text":"wri854295 - 1986 - Potential for leakage among principal aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri854295","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4295","title":"Potential for leakage among principal aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee","docAbstract":"The principal aquifers in the Memphis area consist primarily of sand or sand and gravel, and the confining beds consist of clay, silt, sand, and lignite. The Jackson Formation and upper part of the Claiborne Group serve as the confining bed separating the water table aquifers from the Memphis Sand; the Flour Island Formation separates the Memphis Sand from the Fort Pillow Sand. Differences in total hydraulic head among the principal aquifers in the Memphis urban area result in vertical hydraulic gradients which create a potential for inter-aquifer exchange of water. Throughout this area, the gradient is downward from the water table aquifers to the Memphis Sand. In the central part of the Memphis urban area, the vertical hydraulic gradient is upward from the Fort Pillow Sand to the Memphis Sand, and in the eastern and western parts, it is downward from the Memphis Sand to the Fort Pillow Sand. The vertical distribution of carbon-14 data for water from the fluvial deposits, Memphis Sand, and Fort Pillow Sand shows an increase in the relative age of the water with depth. The areal distribution of carbon-14 data for water from the upper part of the Memphis Sand indicates that relatively recent water has been brought into the major cone of depression in the potentiometric surface of the Memphis Sand, either by horizontal movement or from downward vertical leakage. The normal, near-surface geothermal gradient in the Memphis area was determined to be 0.6 C/100 ft. Deviations from the normal geothermal gradient, in areas affected by intense pumping from the Memphis Sand, indicate that downward vertical leakage occurs from the water table aquifers through the Jackson-upper Claiborne confining bed to the Memphis Sand. The velocity of downward vertical leakage of water from the Memphis Sand through the Flour Island confining bed to the Fort Pillow Sand was determined to be 0.0066 ft/day by analysis of borehole temperature data from an observation well in the northeastern part of the Memphis area. From this velocity and the head difference between the Memphis Sand and the Fort Pillow Sand at this locality, the hydraulic conductivity of the Flour Island confining bed was determined to be 0.00114 ft/day. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854295","usgsCitation":"Graham, D., and Parks, W.S., 1986, Potential for leakage among principal aquifers in the Memphis area, Tennessee: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4295, v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854295.","productDescription":"v, 46 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri85-4295","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":124296,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/wri_85_4295.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47c7e4b07f02db4aaba2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Graham, D. D.","contributorId":68314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graham","given":"D. D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Parks, W. S.","contributorId":99555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":198035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":25686,"text":"wri864075 - 1986 - Occurrence and availability of ground water in the Athens region, northeastern Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T12:01:42","indexId":"wri864075","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4075","title":"Occurrence and availability of ground water in the Athens region, northeastern Georgia","docAbstract":"A study was conducted to assess the occurrence and availability of groundwater in the crystalline rocks of the Piedmont area in northeastern Georgia and to determine whether groundwater is a viable alternative or supplemental source for industrial, public and private supplies. The area is underlain by a variety of metamorphic and igneous rocks. The quantity of water that a rock unit can supply to wells is determined by the number, capacity, and interconnection of the secondary openings. Of an estimated 10,000 successful wells drilled in the Athens Region, 972 wells are reported by drilling contractors to supply from 20 to 300 gal/min. Studies of well sites revealed that high yielding wells can be developed only where the water bearing units have undergone significant increases in secondary permeability. This occurs mainly in association with (1) contact zones between rock units of contrasting character, (2) contact zones within multilayered rock units, (3) fault zones, (4) stress-relief fractures, and (5) shear zones. Groundwater may be a viable alternative or supplemental source for industrial, public, and private supplies in much of the Athens Region. In 1980, groundwater made up 38% (18 million gal/day) of the total water used in the area. Yields of 20 to more than 200 gal/min are obtained from wells throughout most of the region, and the water is generally of good chemical quality and is suitable for drinking and many other uses. Concentrations of dissolved constituents are fairly consistent throughout the area. Except for iron, manganese, and fluoride, dissolved constituents rarely exceed drinking water standards. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864075","usgsCitation":"Radtke, D.B., Cressler, C., Perlman, H., Blanchard, H., McFadden, K., and Brooks, R., 1986, Occurrence and availability of ground water in the Athens region, northeastern Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4075, v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864075.","productDescription":"v, 79 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":54448,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4075/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54449,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4075/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123390,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4075/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Athens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -84.5013427734375,\n              32.89342578969234\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5013427734375,\n              34.63772760271713\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.93603515625,\n              34.63772760271713\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.93603515625,\n              32.89342578969234\n            ],\n            [\n              -84.5013427734375,\n              32.89342578969234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649606","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Radtke, D. B.","contributorId":72821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radtke","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cressler, C.W.","contributorId":37302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cressler","given":"C.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Perlman, H.A.","contributorId":84406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Perlman","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blanchard, H.E. Jr.","contributorId":57888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"H.E.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McFadden, K.W.","contributorId":22766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McFadden","given":"K.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brooks, Rebekah","contributorId":6457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Rebekah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":194656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":27173,"text":"wri864323 - 1986 - Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:26","indexId":"wri864323","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4323","title":"Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois","docAbstract":"To study the effects of urbanization on water quality, the relations of several stream processes to concentrations of dissolved oxygen and other constituents were evaluated during low-flow periods for a 30.1-mi reach of Richland Creek in southwestern Illinois. The study used both measured data and computer simulations. Reaeration rates and traveltimes were measured at various flow rates using a steady-state, gas-tracer technique. Sediment-oxygen demands were measured at several locations throughout the study reach. Stream discharge, stage, temperature, and chemical-constituent concentrations were measured during two 24-hr periods in July and August 1984. The data were then used to describe water quality and to calibrate and verify the QUAL-II one-dimensional, steady-state, water quality model. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri864323","usgsCitation":"Freeman, W., and Schmidt, A., 1986, Assessment of low-flow water quality in Richland Creek, Illinois: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4323, vii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864323.","productDescription":"vii, 95 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126399,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4323/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56048,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4323/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db671f06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Freeman, W.O.","contributorId":30238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"W.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schmidt, A.R.","contributorId":79898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"A.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":14957,"text":"ofr8669 - 1986 - Discharge and water quality of Horse Creek, southeastern Wyoming, May-November, 1985","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:48","indexId":"ofr8669","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-69","title":"Discharge and water quality of Horse Creek, southeastern Wyoming, May-November, 1985","docAbstract":"This report presents stream-discharge and water-quality data collected at five sites in the lower Horse Creek drainage of southeastern Wyoming, May through November, 1985. Data include stream-discharge measurements; field measurements of specific conductance, pH, and water temperature; and computer changes in stream discharge. Measured discharge in Horse Creek ranged from 0.91 to 172 cu ft/sec. Values of pH averaged 8.4. Water temperature ranged from 0 to 27 C. The data are presented in graphs and tables. A map of the study reach shows the location of the data collection sites. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr8669","usgsCitation":"Meyer, J., and Lenfest, L., 1986, Discharge and water quality of Horse Creek, southeastern Wyoming, May-November, 1985: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-69, iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr8669.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":145967,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0069/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":43771,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0069/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64aac0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meyer, J.F.","contributorId":39793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lenfest, L.W. Jr.","contributorId":54604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lenfest","given":"L.W.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":170316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":26958,"text":"wri864344 - 1986 - Sediment-data sources and estimated annual suspended-sediment loads of rivers and streams in Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-21T20:55:50.903688","indexId":"wri864344","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4344","title":"Sediment-data sources and estimated annual suspended-sediment loads of rivers and streams in Colorado","docAbstract":"Sources of sediment data collected by several government agencies through water year 1984 are summarized for Colorado. The U.S. Geological Survey has collected suspended-sediment data at 243 sites; these data are stored in the U.S. Geological Survey 's water data storage and retrieval system. The U.S. Forest Service has collected suspended-sediment and bedload data at an additional 225 sites, and most of these data are stored in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 's water-quality-control information system. Additional unpublished sediment data are in the possession of the collecting entities. Annual suspended-sediment loads were computed for 133 U.S. Geological Survey sediment-data-collection sites using the daily mean water-discharge/sediment-transport-curve method. Sediment-transport curves were derived for each site by one of three techniques: (1) Least-squares linear regression of all pairs of suspended-sediment and corresponding water-discharge data, (2) least-squares linear regression of data sets subdivided on the basis of hydrograph season; and (3) graphical fit to a logarithm-logarithm plot of data. The curve-fitting technique used for each site depended on site-specific characteristics. Sediment-data sources and estimates of annual loads of suspended, bed, and total sediment from several other reports also are summarized. (USGS)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864344","usgsCitation":"Elliott, J.G., and DeFeyter, K.L., 1986, Sediment-data sources and estimated annual suspended-sediment loads of rivers and streams in Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4344, Report: vii, 148 p.; 2 Plates: 26.86 × 21.85 inches and 26.94 × 22.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864344.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 148 p.; 2 Plates: 26.86 × 21.85 inches and 26.94 × 22.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":55844,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4344/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55843,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4344/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55845,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4344/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":158134,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4344/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":393252,"rank":5,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36657.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.06298828125,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ],\n            [\n              -102.06298828125,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              41.00477542222947\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.039306640625,\n              37.01132594307015\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e499fe4b07f02db5bd219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, J. G.","contributorId":45341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197315,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"DeFeyter, K. L.","contributorId":53425,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeFeyter","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":197316,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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