The US and former USSR conducted joint surveys of Pacific walruses on sea ice and at land haul-outs in 1975, 1980, 1985, and 1990. One of the difficulties in interpreting results of these surveys has been that, except for the 1990 survey, the Americans and Soviets used different methods for estimating population size from their respective portions of the sea ice data. We used data exchanged between Soviet and American scientists to compare and evaluate the two estimation procedures and to derive a set of alternative estimates from the 1975, 1980, and 1985 surveys based on a single consistent procedure. Estimation method had only a small effect on total population estimates because most walruses were found at land haul-outs. However, the Soviet method is subject to bias that depends on the distribution of the population on the sea ice and this has important implications for interpreting the ice portions of previously reported surveys for walruses and other pinniped species. We recommend that the American method be used in future surveys. Future research on survey methods for walruses should focus on other potential sources of bias and variation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x","usgsCitation":"Udevitz, M.S., Gilbert, J.R., and Fedoseev, G.A., 2001, Comparison of methods used to estimate numbers of walruses on sea ice: Marine Mammal Science, v. 17, no. 3, p. 601-616, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01007.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"601","endPage":"616","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337026,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Chukchi Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -190.634765625,\n 65.62202261510642\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 65.62202261510642\n ],\n [\n -154.423828125,\n 73.07384351277217\n ],\n [\n -190.634765625,\n 73.07384351277217\n ],\n [\n -190.634765625,\n 65.62202261510642\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c12642e4b014cc3a3d34ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Udevitz, Mark S. 0000-0003-4659-138X mudevitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4659-138X","contributorId":3189,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Udevitz","given":"Mark","email":"mudevitz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":681199,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilbert, James R.","contributorId":181916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gilbert","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fedoseev, Gennadii A.","contributorId":187659,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fedoseev","given":"Gennadii","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":681201,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70022710,"text":"70022710 - 2001 - Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-28T15:18:02","indexId":"70022710","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2514,"text":"Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","title":"Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies","docAbstract":"Between 1987 and 1997, we chemically immobilized 597 wild sea otters (Enhydra lutris) in Alaska for the collection of biological samples or for surgical instrumentation. One drug-related sea otter fatality occurred during this time. Fentanyl in combination with diazepam produced consistent, smooth inductions with minimal need for supplemental anesthetics during procedures lasting 30-40 min. Antagonism with naltrexone or naloxone was rapid and complete, although we observed narcotic recycling in sea otters treated with naloxone. For surgical procedures, we recommend a fentanyl target dose of 0.33 mg/kg of body mass and diazepam at 0.11 mg/kg. For nonsurgical biological sample collection procedures, we recommend fentanyl at 0.22 mg/kg and diazepam at 0.07 mg/kg. We advise the use of the opioid antagonist naltrexone at a ratio of 2:1 to the total fentanyl administered during processing.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Zoo Veterinarians","doi":"10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0181:CAONSO]2.0.CO;2","issn":"10427260","usgsCitation":"Monson, D., McCormick, C., and Ballachey, B.E., 2001, Chemical anesthesia of Northern sea otters (Enhydra lutris): Results of past field studies: Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, v. 32, no. 2, p. 181-189, https://doi.org/10.1638/1042-7260(2001)032[0181:CAONSO]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"189","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":233781,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f554e4b0c8380cd4c193","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":394620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McCormick, C.","contributorId":10583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCormick","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":394618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":394619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023735,"text":"70023735 - 2001 - Estimating repeatability of egg size","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-27T22:26:32.104479","indexId":"70023735","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating repeatability of egg size","docAbstract":"Measures of repeatability have long been used to assess patterns of variation in egg size within and among females. We compared different analytical approaches for estimating repeatability of egg size of Black Brant. Separate estimates of repeatability for eggs of each clutch size and laying sequence number varied from 0.49 to 0.64. We suggest that using the averaging egg size within clutches results in underestimation of variation within females and thereby overestimates repeatability. We recommend a nested design that partitions egg-size variation within clutches, among clutches within females, and among females. We demonstrate little variation in estimates of repeatability resulting from a nested model controlling for egg laying sequence and a nested model in which we assumed laying sequence was unknown.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0500:EROES]2.0.CO;2","issn":"00048038","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Rockwell, R., and Sedinger, J., 2001, Estimating repeatability of egg size: The Auk, v. 118, no. 2, p. 500-503, https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0500:EROES]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"500","endPage":"503","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488118,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1642/0004-8038(2001)118[0500:eroes]2.0.co;2","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":232464,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"118","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b3fe4b0c8380cd52637","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rockwell, R.F.","contributorId":22527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sedinger, J.S.","contributorId":75471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedinger","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023684,"text":"70023684 - 2001 - Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T14:22:04","indexId":"70023684","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2284,"text":"Journal of Field Ornithology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch","docAbstract":"Effects of color bands on adult birds have been investigated in many studies, but much less is known about the effects of bands on birds banded at hatch. We captured Semipalmated Sandpiper (Calidris pusilla) chicks at hatch on the Alaskan North Slope and attached 0–3 bands to them. The chicks were resighted and reweighed during the subsequent two weeks. The number of chicks banded varied from 18 to 21 among treatments; 6–9 were resighted, and 6–7 were reweighed, per treatment. The proportion resighted varied from 0.33 to 0.45. The estimated resighting probability, given that we encountered a brood, was 82%. We tested for effects of the bands on survival and mass gain by analyzing whether the proportion of chicks resighted, or their mass, varied with the number of bands. We found no evidence that bands affected the chicks and were able to rule out (with 95% confidence) a decline in survivorship of more than 13% and a loss of mass of more than 10%. Although bands had little if any effect on chicks in our study, we believe their effects should be evaluated whenever survivorship or mass gain are estimated using color-marked chicks.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association of Field Ornithologists","doi":"10.1648/0273-8570-72.4.521","usgsCitation":"Bart, J., Battaglia, D.S., and Senner, N.R., 2001, Effects of color bands on Semipalmated Sandpipers banded at hatch: Journal of Field Ornithology, v. 72, no. 4, p. 521-526, https://doi.org/10.1648/0273-8570-72.4.521.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"521","endPage":"526","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232227,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"72","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a06b7e4b0c8380cd513b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bart, Jonathan jon_bart@usgs.gov","contributorId":57025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bart","given":"Jonathan","email":"jon_bart@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398440,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Battaglia, Daniel S.","contributorId":78461,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglia","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":398441,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R.","contributorId":140465,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398442,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023363,"text":"70023363 - 2001 - Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:35:40","indexId":"70023363","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh","docAbstract":"1. We studied the effects of lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on two salt marsh plant communities in Cook Inlet, Alaska, a stopover area used during spring migration. From 1995 to 1997 we compared plant species composition and biomass on plots where geese were excluded from feeding with paired plots where foraging could occur. 2. Foraging intensity was low (650-1930 goose-days km-2) compared to other goose-grazing systems. 3. Canada geese fed mainly on above-ground shoots of Triglochin maritimum, Puccinellia spp. and Carex ramenskii, whereas the majority of the snow goose diet consisted of below-ground tissues of Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritimum. 4. Plant communities responded differently to goose herbivory. In the sedge meadow community, where feeding was primarily on above-ground shoots, there was no effect of grazing on the dominant species Carex ramenskii and Triglochin maritimum. In the herb meadow community, where snow geese fed on Plantago maritima roots and other below-ground tissues, there was a difference in the relative abundance of plant species between treatments. Biomass of Plantago maritima and Potentilla egedii was lower on grazed plots compared with exclosed, whereas biomass of Carex ramenskii was greater on grazed plots. There was no effect of herbivory on total standing crop biomass in either community. The variable effect of herbivory on Carex ramenskii between communities suggests that plant neighbours and competitive interactions are important factors in a species' response to herbivory. In addition, the type of herbivory (above- or below-ground) was important in determining plant community response to herbivory. 5. Litter accumulation was reduced in grazed areas compared with exclosed in both communities. Trampling of the previous year's litter into the soil surface by geese incorporated more litter into soils in grazed areas. 6. This study illustrates that even light herbivore pressure can alter plant communities and affect forage availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Hupp, J.W., and Ruess, R.W., 2001, Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh: Journal of Ecology, v. 89, no. 1, p. 57-71, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478913,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x"},{"id":232244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0760e4b0c8380cd5167a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":2002779,"text":"2002779 - 2001 - Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:37:17","indexId":"2002779","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Coletti, H., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and Ballachey, B.E., 2001, Marine predator surveys in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ae4b07f02db606439","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coletti, H.A.","contributorId":33426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coletti","given":"H.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ballachey, Brenda E. 0000-0003-1855-9171 bballachey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1855-9171","contributorId":2966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballachey","given":"Brenda","email":"bballachey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70182763,"text":"70182763 - 2001 - Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-03T14:18:27","indexId":"70182763","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2220,"text":"Journal of Coastal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise","docAbstract":"We measured surface elevations, stage of annual peak flooding, and sedimentation along 10 toposequences across coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim (Y-K) Delta in western Alaska during 1994-1998 to assess some of the physical processes affecting ecosystem distribution. An ecotype was assigned to each of 566 points, and differences in elevations among 24 ecotypes were analyzed within individual toposequences and across the 40 x 40-km study area. Elevations of vegetated ecotypes along the longest toposequence rose only ~1 m over a distance of 7.5 km, and mean elevations of most ecotype across the study area were within 0.5 m of mean higher-high water (1.47 m). During 1994 to 1998, monitoring of annual peak stage using crest gauges revealed flooding from the highest fall storm surge reached 2.58 m (1.11 m above mean higher-high tide). In each year, only the highest surface was unaffected by flooding. Mean annual sedimentation rates for the various ecotypes were 8.0 ram/y on tidal flats, 1.4 to 3.8 mm/y on the active floodplain, 0.1-0.2 mm/y on the inactive floodplain, and 0 mm/ on the abandoned floodplain. If sea levels in the Bering Sea rise ~0.5 m by 2100, as predicted by some on a global basis, large portions of the coastal margin of the delta could be regularly inundated by water during high tides, and even the highest ecotypes could be affected by storm surges. Predicting the extent of future inundation is difficult, however, because of the changes in the ground-surface elevation through sedimentation, organic matter accumulation, and permafrost development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Coastal Education & Research Foundation, Inc.","usgsCitation":"Jorgenson, T., and Ely, C.R., 2001, Topography and flooding of coastal ecosystems on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska: Implications for sea level rise: Journal of Coastal Research, v. 17, no. 1, p. 124-136.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"124","endPage":"136","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336432,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":336822,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jcronline.org/loi/coas?code=cerf-site","text":"Journal Archive"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -166.25,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 61\n ],\n [\n -165,\n 61.6\n ],\n [\n -166.25,\n 61.6\n ],\n [\n -166.25,\n 61\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58b69a43e4b01ccd54ff3fcc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jorgenson, Torre","contributorId":45380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jorgenson","given":"Torre","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":675148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, Craig R. 0000-0003-4262-0892 cely@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4262-0892","contributorId":3214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"Craig","email":"cely@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":675149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2002786,"text":"2002786 - 2001 - Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-19T19:36:26","indexId":"2002786","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":396,"text":"Annual Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling","docAbstract":"Following translocations to the outer coast of Southeast Alaska in 1965, sea otters have been expanding their range and increasing in abundance. We began conducting surveys for sea otters in Cross Sound, Icy Strait and Glacier Bay, Alaska in 1994, following initial reports of their presence in Glacier Bay in 1993. Since 1995, the number of sea otters in Glacier Bay proper has increased from about 5 to more than 500. Between 1993 and 1997 sea otters were apparently only occasional visitors to Glacier Bay, but in 1998 long-term residence was established as indicated by the presence of adult females and their dependent pups. Sea otter distribution is limited to the Lower Bay, south of Sandy Cove, and is not continuous within that area. Concentration occur in the vicinity of Sita Reef and Boulder Island and between Pt. Carolus and Rush Pt. on the west side of the Bay (Figure 1). We describe the diet of sea otters in Glacier Bay and south Icy Strait through visual observations of prey during >4,000 successful forage dives. In 2,399 successful foraging dives observed in Glacier Bay proper, diet consisted of 40% clam, 21% urchins, 18% mussel, 4% crab, 5% other and 12% unidentified. Most prey recovered by sea otters are commercially, socially, or ecological important species. Species of clam are primarily Saxidomus gigantea, Protothaca staminea, and Serripes groenlandicus. Urchins are primarily Strongylocentrotus droebachiensis while both mussles, Modiolus modiolus and Mytilus trossulus, are taken. Crabs include species of Cancer, Chinoecetes, Paralithodes, and Telmessus. Although we characterize diet at broad geographic scales, we found diet to vary between sites separated by as little as several hundred meters. Dietary variation among and within sites can reflect differences in prey availability and individual choice.
We estimated species composition, density, biomass, and sizes of intertidal clams at 59 sites in Glacier Bay, 14 sites in Idaho Inlet, 12 sites in Port Althorp and 2 sites in Dundas Bay. There is no direct evidence of otter foraging at any of our clam sampling sites except at Port Althorp where sea otters have been present for >20 years and regularly forage intertidally. There is some indication of intertidal foraging in Idaho Inlet, based on reduced mean size of preferred clam species. Sea otters have been present in Idaho Inlet for at least 12 years. We sampled 48 systematically selected sites to allow inference throughout Glacier Bay intertidal areas and 12 preferred habitat intertidal sites to estimate maximum clam densities in the Bay. We also sampled 14 and 12 random sites in Idaho Inlet and Port Althorp, respectively, to provide contrast between sites with and without sea otters. Densities and biomass of intertidal clams were greater in the Lower Bay than either the East or West Arms. Mean densities (#/0.25m2) of all species of clams > 10.0 mm total length were 96.5 at preferred sites, 32.8 in the Lower Bay, 12.2 in the East Arm, 6.6 in the West Arm, 11.32 at Port Althorp and 27.1 at Idaho Inlet. Clam densities were lower in the Upper Arms of Glacier Bay, compared to the Lower Bay and were similar to densities at Port Althorp. In the Lower Bay, clam densities were nearly twice as high at preferred clam sites compared to those systematically sampled. Species of Macoma were the numerically dominant intertidal clam at most sites in Glacier Bay, while Protothaca staminea was dominant at Idaho Inlet and Port Althorp. Biomas (g/0.25m2) was higher in the Lower Bay (23.5) than either Arm (2.1 and .91) and higher at preferred sites (73.4) than systematically selected sites in Glacier Bay. Biomass estimates at Port Althorp were 5.2 and 9.7 at Idaho Inlet. Biomass estimates were dominated by species of Saxidomus, Protothaca and Mya in Glacier Bay and by Protothaca and Saxidomus at Idaho Inlet and Port Althrop. We suspect differences in density and biomass relate to habitat differences between areas within Glacier Bay
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey Alaska Science Center","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","usgsCitation":"Bodkin, J.L., Kloecker, K.A., Esslinger, G.G., Monson, D., and DeGroot, J., 2001, Sea otter studies in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve: Aerial surveys, foraging observations, and intertidal clam sampling: Annual Report.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199333,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc593","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kloecker, Kimberly A. 0000-0002-2461-968X kkloecker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2461-968X","contributorId":3442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kloecker","given":"Kimberly","email":"kkloecker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Esslinger, George G. 0000-0002-3459-0083 gesslinger@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3459-0083","contributorId":131009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esslinger","given":"George","email":"gesslinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monson, Daniel H. 0000-0002-4593-5673 dmonson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4593-5673","contributorId":140480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Monson","given":"Daniel H.","email":"dmonson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":326658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DeGroot, J.D.","contributorId":98844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeGroot","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180943,"text":"70180943 - 2001 - Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-20T19:40:31","indexId":"70180943","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3547,"text":"The Bryologist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska","docAbstract":"One hundred thirty-nine taxa of lichens including two lichen parasites are reported from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands in the Bering Sea. Caloplaca lithophila is new to Alaska. Wide-ranging arctic-alpine and boreal species dominate the lichens; a coastal element is moderately represented, while amphi-Beringian species form a minor element. In comparison with St. Paul Island, St. Matthew Island is richer in arctic-alpine species.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Bryological and Lichenological Society","doi":"10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0047:LFSMAS]2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Talbot, S., Talbot, S.L., Thomson, J.W., and Schofield, W., 2001, Lichens from St. Matthew and St. Paul Islands, Bering Sea, Alaska: The Bryologist, v. 104, no. 1, p. 47-58, https://doi.org/10.1639/0007-2745(2001)104[0047:LFSMAS]2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"47","endPage":"58","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":335080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Bering Sea, St. Matthew island, St. Paul Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -173.04153442382812,\n 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stalbot@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3312-7214","contributorId":131088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Talbot","given":"Sandra","email":"stalbot@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Looman","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":662926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thomson, John W.","contributorId":179139,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thomson","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13562,"text":"University of Wisconsin, Madison","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":662927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schofield, Wilfred B.","contributorId":97827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schofield","given":"Wilfred B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":662928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70023358,"text":"70023358 - 2001 - Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T18:20:11.277964","indexId":"70023358","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2671,"text":"Marine Mammal Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska","title":"Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska","docAbstract":"Sea otters in Alaska are recognized as a single subspecies (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) and currently managed as a single, interbreeding population. However, geographic and behavioral mechanisms undoubrably constrain sea otter movements on much smaller scales. This paper applies the phylogeographic method (Dizon et al. 1992) and considers distribution, population response, phenotype and genotype data to identify stocks of sea otters within Alaska. The evidence for separate stock identity is genotypic (all stocks), phenotypic (Southcentral and Southwest stocks), and geographic distribution (Southeast stock), whereas population response data are equivocal (all stocks). Differences in genotype frequencies and the presence of unique genotypes among areas indicate restricted gene flow. Genetic exchange may be limited by little or no movement across proposed stock boundaries and discontinuities in distribution at proposed stock boundaries. Skull size differences (phenotypic) between Southwest and Southcentral Alaska populations further support stock separation. Population response information was equivocal in either supporting or refuting stock identity. On the basis of this review, we suggest the following: (1) a Southeast stock extending from Dixon Entrance to Cape Yakataga; (2) a Southcentral stock extending from Cape Yakataga to Cape Douglas including Prince William Sound and Kenai peninsula coast; and (3) a Southwest stock including Alaska Peninsula coast, the Aleutians to Attu Island, Barren, Kodiak, Pribilof Islands, and Bristol Bay.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01009.x","issn":"08240469","usgsCitation":"Gorbics, C., and Bodkin, J.L., 2001, Stock structure of sea otters (Enhydra lutris kenyoni) in Alaska: Marine Mammal Science, v. 17, no. 3, p. 632-647, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2001.tb01009.x.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"647","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -129.75656945245078,\n 54.33642628169483\n ],\n [\n -129.99976695139455,\n 64.02665335699373\n ],\n [\n -180.16395806282878,\n 59.21348709793503\n ],\n [\n -179.58666584584697,\n 51.101452268730185\n ],\n [\n -129.75656945245078,\n 54.33642628169483\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"17","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-08-26","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b9858e4b08c986b31bfb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gorbics, C.S.","contributorId":23721,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gorbics","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bodkin, James L. 0000-0003-1641-4438 jbodkin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1641-4438","contributorId":748,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bodkin","given":"James","email":"jbodkin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184662,"text":"70184662 - 2001 - Geographic variation of PCB congeners in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard east to the Chukchi Sea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-17T08:04:43","indexId":"70184662","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3093,"text":"Polar Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geographic variation of PCB congeners in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard east to the Chukchi Sea","docAbstract":"We present data on geographic variation in polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) congeners in adult female polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard eastward to the Chukchi Sea. Blood samples from 90 free-living polar bears were collected in 1987–1995. Six PCB congeners, penta to octa chlorinated (PCB-99, -118, -153, -156, -180, -194), were selected for this study. Differences between areas were found in PCB levels and congener patterns. Bears from Franz Josef Land (11,194 ng/g lipid weight) and the Kara Sea (9,412 ng/g lw) had similar ΣPCB levels and were higher than all other populations (Svalbard 5,043 ng/g lw, East Siberian Sea 3,564 ng/g lw, Chukchi Sea 2,465 ng/g lw). Svalbard PCB levels were higher than those from the Chukchi Sea. Our results, combined with earlier findings, indicate that polar bears from Franz Josef Land and the Kara Sea have the highest PCB levels in the Arctic. Decreasing trends were seen eastwards and westwards from this region. Of the congeners investigated in the present study, the lower chlorinated PCBs are increasing and the high chlorinated PCBs are decreasing from Svalbard eastward to the Chukchi Sea. Different pollution sources, compound transport patterns and regional prey differences could explain the variation in PCB congener levels and patterns between regions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s003000000201","usgsCitation":"Andersen, M., Lie, E., Derocher, A., Belikov, S., Bernhoft, A., Boltunov, A.N., Garner, G., Skaare, J., and Wiig, Ø., 2001, Geographic variation of PCB congeners in polar bears (Ursus maritimus) from Svalbard east to the Chukchi Sea: Polar Biology, v. 24, no. 4, p. 231-238, https://doi.org/10.1007/s003000000201.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"231","endPage":"238","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337395,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Norway, Russia, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -127.96875,\n 47.27922900257082\n ],\n [\n -122.6953125,\n 32.84267363195431\n ],\n 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M.","contributorId":42320,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andersen","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lie, E.","contributorId":74929,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lie","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Derocher, A.E.","contributorId":82103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Derocher","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Belikov, S.E.","contributorId":188235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belikov","given":"S.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bernhoft, A.","contributorId":31557,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bernhoft","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boltunov, Andrei N.","contributorId":98682,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boltunov","given":"Andrei","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Garner, G.W.","contributorId":80218,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garner","given":"G.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Skaare, J.U.","contributorId":59999,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skaare","given":"J.U.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682469,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Wiig, Øystein","contributorId":13469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiig","given":"Øystein","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70185400,"text":"70185400 - 2001 - Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T14:46:58","indexId":"70185400","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3779,"text":"Wildlife Society Bulletin","onlineIssn":"1938-5463","printIssn":"0091-7648","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review","docAbstract":"Predation is a natural component of waterfowl population biology, but environmental alterations have changed the magnitude and importance of predation on waterfowl breeding areas. We reviewed the status of waterfowl populations, adaptations of waterfowl that minimize impacts of predation, and the impacts of predation on waterfowl populations in 2 major North American breeding areas, the Arctic and Prairie Regions. We identified the underlying factors contributing to most waterfowl predation problems to be changes in essential breeding habitats and changes in predator community composition and abundance. In the Arctic, high predation rates on waterfowl eggs and young are usually associated with predators gaining access to populations that were previously isolated. In the prairie, predation problems are often related to large-scale habitat degradation coupled with changes in predator communities. Predation problems are often symptomatic of inadequate habitat management, but we recognize that habitat management alone is not always sufficient to effectively manage predation problems. Predation management efforts should be integrated with strategies of long-term management of habitats critical to breeding waterfowl, strategies embraced by the North American Waterfowl Management Plan. Predation management must be tailored to different situations and include an element of flexibility that allows appropriate response to the dynamic nature of factors influencing survival and recruitment.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","usgsCitation":"Sovada, M.A., Anthony, R.M., and Batt, B.D., 2001, Predation on waterfowl in arctic tundra and prairie breeding areas: A review: Wildlife Society Bulletin, v. 29, no. 1, p. 6-15.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337972,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":337971,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.jstor.org/stable/3783975"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d23b91e4b0236b68f828fa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sovada, Marsha A. msovada@usgs.gov","contributorId":2601,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sovada","given":"Marsha","email":"msovada@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anthony, R. Michael","contributorId":16057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Batt, Bruce D.J.","contributorId":113404,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Batt","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"D.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184293,"text":"70184293 - 2001 - Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:06:27","indexId":"70184293","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings","docAbstract":"Numbers of emperor geese (Chen canagica) have remained depressed since the mid-1980s. Despite increases in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), a primary predator of goslings, little information existed to assess whether recent patterns of gosling survival have been a major factor affecting population dynamics. We used observations of known families of emperor geese to estimate rates of gosling survival during 1993-96 on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Survival of goslings to 30 days of age varied among years from 0.332 during 1994 to 0.708 during 1995. Survival was lowest during 1993-94, which corresponded with the years of highest frequency of disturbance of goose broods by glaucous gulls. Rainfall during early brood rearing was much higher in 1994 than other years, and this corresponded to low survival among goslings ≤5 days of age. Numbers of juveniles in families during fall staging were negatively related to rainfall during early brood rearing (n = 23 yr). Although there are no data to assess whether gosling survival in emperor geese has declined from some previous level, current survival rates of emperor goose goslings are as high as or higher than those observed in other goose species that are rapidly increasing. A proposed reduction of glaucous gull numbers by managers may not be the most effective means for increasing population growth in emperor geese.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802904","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., Manly, B.F., and Dau, C.P., 2001, Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 2, p. 248-257, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802904.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.31814575195312,\n 61.08751263001796\n ],\n [\n -164.86907958984372,\n 61.08751263001796\n ],\n [\n -164.86907958984372,\n 61.33551595505406\n ],\n [\n -165.31814575195312,\n 61.33551595505406\n ],\n [\n -165.31814575195312,\n 61.08751263001796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dau, Christian P.","contributorId":26185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dau","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186817,"text":"70186817 - 2001 - Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:36:43","indexId":"70186817","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring","docAbstract":"In 1991, the National Park Service (NPS) selected seven parks to serve as prototypes for development of a long-term ecological monitoring program. Denali National Park and Preserve was one of the prototype parks selected. The principal focus of this national program was to detect and document resource changes and to understand the forces driving those changes. One of the major tasks of each prototype park was to develop monitoring protocols. In this paper, we discuss some lessons learned and what we believe to be the most important features of protocols.
One of the many lessons we have learned is that monitoring protocols vary greatly in content and format. This variation leads to confusion about what information protocols should contain and how they should be formatted. Problems we have observed in existing protocols include (1) not providing enough detail, (2) omitting critical topics (such as data management), and (3) mixing explanation with instructions. Once written, protocols often sit on the shelf to collect dust, allowing methods changes to occur without being adequately considered, tested, or documented. Because a lengthy and costly research effort is often needed to develop protocols, a vision of what the final product should look like is helpful. Based on our involvement with the prototype monitoring program for Denali (Oakley and Boudreau 2000), we recommend key features of protocols, including a scheme for linking protocols to data in the data management system and for tracking protocol revisions. A protocol system is crucial for producing long-term data sets of known quality that meet program objectives.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crossing boundaries in park management: Proceedings of the 11th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: On the Ground, In the Mind, Among Discipline (2001 George Wright Society Conference)","conferenceDate":"April 16-20, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"Oakley, K.L., Boudreau, S.L., and Humphrey, S., 2001, Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring, in Crossing boundaries in park management: Proceedings of the 11th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands, Denver, CO, April 16-20, 2001, p. 415-419.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"419","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2001"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ede48fe4b0eed1ab8c74d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudreau, Susan L.","contributorId":190772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boudreau","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Humphrey, Sioux-Z","contributorId":190773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphrey","given":"Sioux-Z","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023051,"text":"70023051 - 2001 - Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-20T20:19:20","indexId":"70023051","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles","docAbstract":"We examined bird and plant communities among forest stands with different levels of spruce mortality following a large outbreak of spruce beetles (Dendroctonus rufipennis (Kirby)) in the Copper River Basin, Alaska. Spruce beetles avoided stands with black spruce (Picea mariana) and selectively killed larger diameter white spruce (Picea glauca), thereby altering forest structure and increasing the dominance of black spruce in the region. Alders (Alnus sp.) and crowberry (Empetrum nigrum) were more abundant in areas with heavy spruce mortality, possibly a response to the death of overstory spruce. Grasses and herbaceous plants did not proliferate as has been recorded following outbreaks in more coastal Alaskan forests. Two species closely tied to coniferous habitats, the tree-nesting Ruby-crowned Kinglet (Regulus calendula) and the red squirrel (Tamiasciurus hudsonicus), a major nest predator, were less abundant in forest stands with high spruce mortality than in low-mortality stands. Understory-nesting birds as a group were more abundant in forest stands with high levels of spruce mortality, although the response of individual bird species to tree mortality was variable. Birds breeding in stands with high spruce mortality likely benefited reproductively from lower squirrel densities and a greater abundance of shrubs to conceal nests from predators.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1139/cjz-79-9-1678","issn":"00084301","usgsCitation":"Matsuoka, S.M., Handel, C.M., and Ruthrauff, D.R., 2001, Densities of breeding birds and changes in vegetation in an alaskan boreal forest following a massive disturbance by spruce beetles: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, no. 9, p. 1678-1690, https://doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-9-1678.","startPage":"1678","endPage":"1690","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":208051,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1139/cjz-79-9-1678"},{"id":233436,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"79","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fe9de4b0c8380cd4ee22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Matsuoka, Steven M. 0000-0001-6415-1885 smatsuoka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6415-1885","contributorId":184173,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Matsuoka","given":"Steven","email":"smatsuoka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395964,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Handel, Colleen M. 0000-0002-0267-7408 cmhandel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0267-7408","contributorId":3067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Handel","given":"Colleen","email":"cmhandel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395962,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":4181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395963,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70187728,"text":"70187728 - 2001 - Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-19T21:51:28","indexId":"70187728","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"subseriesTitle":"NIST 6735","title":"Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs","docAbstract":"Archiving biological and environmental samples for retrospective analysis is a major component of systematic environmental monitoring. The long-term storage of carefully selected, representative samples in an environmental specimen bank is an important complement to the real-time monitoring of the environment. These archived samples permit:
Seabirds, including albatrosses, pelicans, cormorants, terns, kittiwakes, murres, guillemots, and puffins spend most of their lives at sea and have special adaptations for feeding in the marine environment, including the ability to excrete the excess salt obtained from ingesting seawater. Many species nest in dense groups (colonies) on steep, precipitous sea-cliffs and headlands.
Seabirds are long-lived and slow to mature. They occupy high positions in the marine food web and are considered sensitive indicators for the marine environment (prey includes krill, small fish, and squid). Breeding success, timing of nesting, diets, and survival rates may provide early indications of changing environmental conditions (e.g., see Hatch et aI., 1993). Chemical analysis of seabird tissues, including egg contents, can be particularly useful in determining whether contaminants (and potential biological effects) associated with human industrial activities, such as offshore petroleum and mineral exploration and development, are accumulating in marine environments. The collection and archival of seabird tissues over a period of several years will be a resource for future analyses, providing samples that can be used to determine historical baseline contaminant levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","usgsCitation":"Weston-York, G., Porter, B.J., Pugh, R.S., Roseneau, D.G., Simac, K.S., Becker, P.R., Thorsteinson, L.K., and Wise, S.A., 2001, Seabird tissue archival and monitoring project: Protocol for collecting and banking seabird eggs, v, 23 p.","productDescription":"v, 23 p.","numberOfPages":"28","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341354,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":341353,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.nist.gov/publications/seabird-tissue-archival-and-monitoring-project-protocols-collecting-and-banking-seabird"}],"publicComments":"NIST Interagency/Internal Report (NISTIR) - 6735","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591c0fcfe4b0a7fdb43ddf14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weston-York, Geoff","contributorId":139571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weston-York","given":"Geoff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":695340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Porter, Barbara J.","contributorId":81746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Porter","given":"Barbara","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pugh, Rebecca S.","contributorId":11826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pugh","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695342,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Roseneau, David G.","contributorId":73394,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roseneau","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":6987,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Sevice","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Simac, Kristin S. 0000-0002-4072-1940 ksimac@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4072-1940","contributorId":131096,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simac","given":"Kristin","email":"ksimac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Becker, Paul R.","contributorId":27309,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Becker","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Thorsteinson, Lyman K. lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","contributorId":3000,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thorsteinson","given":"Lyman","email":"lthorsteinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":113,"text":"Alaska Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wise, Stephen A.","contributorId":64503,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wise","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25356,"text":"National Institute of Standards and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":695347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70170492,"text":"70170492 - 2001 - Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-21T16:40:27","indexId":"70170492","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1176,"text":"Canadian Journal of Zoology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations","docAbstract":"Age structure and morphology differ among Pacific salmon (Oncorhynchus spp.) populations. Sexual selection and reproductive capacity (fecundity and egg size) generally favor large (old), deep-bodied fish. We hypothesized that natural selection from physical access to spawning grounds and size-biased predation by bears, Ursus spp., opposes such large, deep-bodied salmon. Accordingly, size and shape of salmon should vary predictably among spawning habitats. We tested this hypothesis by measuring the age composition and body depth of sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, and the intensity of predation in a range of breeding habitats in southwestern Alaska. Stream width was positively correlated with age at maturity and negatively correlated with predation level. However, salmon spawning on lake beaches were not consistently old, indicating that different factors affect age in riverine- and beach-spawning populations. Body depths of male and female salmon were positively correlated with water depth across all sites, as predicted. However, the mouths of some streams were so shallow that they might select against large or deep-bodied salmon, even in the absence of bear predation. Taken together, the results indicated that habitat has direct and indirect effects (via predation) on life history and morphology of mature salmon.
","language":"English","publisher":"NRC Research Press","doi":"10.1139/z01-134","usgsCitation":"Quinn, T.P., Wetzel, L.A., Bishop, S., Overberg, K., and Rogers, D.E., 2001, Influence of breeding habitat on bear predation and age at maturity and sexual dimorphism of sockeye salmon populations: Canadian Journal of Zoology, v. 79, no. 10, p. 1782-1793, https://doi.org/10.1139/z01-134.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1782","endPage":"1793","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320389,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -159.18365478515625,\n 59.842055288480076\n ],\n [\n -158.34869384765625,\n 59.87101937875427\n ],\n [\n -158.24432373046875,\n 59.83791550271824\n ],\n [\n -158.46954345703125,\n 59.26026554911028\n ],\n [\n -158.5931396484375,\n 59.21671729868123\n ],\n [\n -158.90350341796875,\n 59.29113703426701\n ],\n [\n -159.24407958984375,\n 59.356996036895836\n ],\n [\n -159.25506591796872,\n 59.83239498760504\n ],\n [\n -159.18365478515625,\n 59.842055288480076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"79","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5719f9bbe4b071321fe22bd7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Quinn, Thomas P.","contributorId":167272,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Quinn","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":24671,"text":"School of Aquatic and Fsiery Sciences, UW, Box 355020, Seattle, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":627433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wetzel, Lisa A. 0000-0003-3178-9940 lwetzel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3178-9940","contributorId":3016,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"Lisa","email":"lwetzel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":627434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bishop, Susan","contributorId":168836,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bishop","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Overberg, Kristi","contributorId":168837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Overberg","given":"Kristi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rogers, Donald E.","contributorId":168838,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rogers","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023056,"text":"70023056 - 2001 - Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-04T17:57:31","indexId":"70023056","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska","docAbstract":"Wolves (Canis lupus) were captured in three areas of Interior Alaska (USA). Four hundred twenty-five sera were tested for evidence of exposure to canine coronavirus by means of an indirect fluorescent antibody procedure. Serum antibody prevalence averaged 70% (167/240) during the spring collection period and 25% (46/185) during the autumn collection period. Prevalence was 0% (0/42) in the autumn pup cohort (age 4-5 mo), and 60% (58/97) in the spring pup cohort (age 9-10 mo). Prevalence was lowest in the Eastern Interior study area. A statistical model indicates that prevalence increased slightly each year in all three study areas. These results indicate that transmission occurs primarily during the winter months, antibody decay is quite rapid, and reexposure during the summer is rare.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","issn":"00903558","usgsCitation":"Zarnke, R.L., Evermann, J.F., Ver Hoef, J.M., McNay, M.E., Boertje, R.D., Gardner, C.L., Adams, L., Dale, B.W., and Burch, J.W., 2001, Serologic survey for canine coronavirus in wolves from Alaska: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 37, no. 4, p. 740-745, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"740","endPage":"745","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478951,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-37.4.740","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":233511,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"37","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8d5de4b08c986b318368","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarnke, Randall L.","contributorId":49148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zarnke","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evermann, Jim F.","contributorId":87336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Evermann","given":"Jim","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ver Hoef, Jay M.","contributorId":42504,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ver Hoef","given":"Jay","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McNay, Mark E.","contributorId":68506,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McNay","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Boertje, Rodney D.","contributorId":84953,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boertje","given":"Rodney","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gardner, Craig L.","contributorId":65259,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Craig","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Adams, Layne G. 0000-0001-6212-2896 ladams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6212-2896","contributorId":2776,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Layne G.","email":"ladams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":395989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dale, Bruce W.","contributorId":6769,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dale","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":395981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Burch, John W.","contributorId":106231,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burch","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13367,"text":"National Parks Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":395983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70170480,"text":"70170480 - 2001 - Management of Pacific herring closed pound spawn-on-kelp fisheries to optimize fish health and product quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-20T15:26:18","indexId":"70170480","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Management of Pacific herring closed pound spawn-on-kelp fisheries to optimize fish health and product quality","docAbstract":"Use of high densities of newly recruited Pacific herring Clupea pallasi for the closed-pound spawn-on-kelp (PPSOK) fishery in Prince William Sound, Alaska, was associated with increased gamete retention, decreased product quality, and increased prevalence of viral hemorrhagic septicemia virus (VHSV) relative to the confinement of older cohorts at lower densities. To maximize product quality and reduce the potential for disease outbreaks, three management alternatives are proposed for the PPSOK fishery: (1) establish minimum pound volumes per permit holder; (2) prohibit PPSOK fisheries during years predominated by newly recruited cohorts; and (3) develop effective open-pounding techniques.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis","doi":"10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0976:MOPHSO>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Hershberger, P., Elder, N., Marty, G., Johnson, J., and Kocan, R.M., 2001, Management of Pacific herring closed pound spawn-on-kelp fisheries to optimize fish health and product quality: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 21, no. 4, p. 976-981, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8675(2001)021<0976:MOPHSO>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"976","endPage":"981","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":320384,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5719f9bbe4b071321fe22bdb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hershberger, P.K. 0000-0002-2261-7760","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2261-7760","contributorId":58818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hershberger","given":"P.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Elder, N.E.","contributorId":57626,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elder","given":"N.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Marty, G.D.","contributorId":61240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marty","given":"G.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, J.","contributorId":31719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kocan, R. M.","contributorId":41783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kocan","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":627385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180476,"text":"70180476 - 2001 - Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"70180476","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-30T16:07:02","indexId":"70180476","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1633","title":"Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","docAbstract":"The lower Paleozoic (Silurian and Ordovician) carbonate stratal succession is divided into six unnamed stratigraphic units in the northern part of the Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle of southwestern Alaska. Several of these units have previously been recognized in the McGrath and Medfra quadrangles to the northeast in strata of the Nixon Fork subterrane of the Farewell terrane (Decker and others, 1994 ). These rocks occur along the south side of a prominent east-west-trending anticlinoria! axis exposed slightly to the north in the Sleetmute A-2 1:63,360-scale quadrangle. Rocks of the Nixon Fork subterrane are now thought to represent a continental margin sequence rifted from Siberia. The low thermal alteration indices exhibited by the rocks of this area have elicited interest for petroleum exploration. However, low total organic carbon (TOC) values from potential source rocks within this lower Paleozoic succession indicate low petroleum potential.
","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999 (Professional Paper 1633)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Denver, CO","doi":"10.3133/70180476","usgsCitation":"Blodgett, R., and Wilson, F.H., 2001, Reconnaissance geology north of the Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains D-1 1:63,360-scale quadrangle, southwestern Alaska: A section in Geological studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1633, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70180476.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"73","endPage":"82","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":334366,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":334365,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1633/pp1633_report.pdf#page=81","text":"Start page in larger work"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Hoholitna River, Taylor Mountains","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58905ef4e4b072a7ac0cad51","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blodgett, Robert B.","contributorId":89612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blodgett","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":661723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":661724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70180468,"text":"70180468 - 2001 - Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70180468,"text":"70180468 - 2001 - Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","indexId":"70180468","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":38272,"text":"pp1633 - 2001 - Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999","indexId":"pp1633","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic studies in Alaska by the U.S. Geological Survey, 1999"},"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-30T21:03:50.009945","indexId":"70180468","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"subseriesTitle":"1633","title":"Quaternary geology, Cold Bay and False Pass quadrangles, Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"Recent mapping and interpretation of Quaternary geologic features has improved our understanding of the interaction between volcanic, glacial, and tectonic activity in the Cold Bay and False Pass 1:250,000-scale quadrangles on the Alaska Peninsula. The glacial and volcanic record of the map area strongly suggests that continental-shelf glaciations and two massive volcanic centers were the dominant controls over landscape development during Pleistocene time. Ancestral Morzhovoi and Emmons Volcanoes were major impediments to flow of shelf glaciers during much of the Pleistocene. Our mapping suggests that the area around Emmons Volcano may have also been an important source area for glaciers during this period. Our data further indicate that Frosty Volcano developed late in the Pleistocene, having had no apparent impact on early Brooks Lake glacial advances but serving as a source area for later glacial advances during late Brooks Lake time. We also believe that major Holocene eruptions of Frosty Volcano have yielded multiple debris and ash flows resulting in the construction of a new south summit cone that filled an earlier crater. Frosty Volcano was the source area for multiple Holocene glacial advances, and its flanks preserve the best record of Neoglacial activity in the map area.
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Since that time, interspecific genetic introgression has been well documented in many fish genera and species: Barbus (Berrebi and CattaneoBerrebi, 1993); Cyprinodon (Echelle and Connor, 1989; Dowling and DeMarais, 1993); Gambusia (Hubbs, 1959; Scribner and Avise, 1994); Esox (Wahl and Stein, 1993); Lepomis (Avise et al., 1984); Luxilus (Duvernell and Aspinwall, 1995); Morone (Harrell et al., 1993); Notropis (Dowling et al., 1989; Dowling and Hoeh, 1991); Oncorhynchus (Busack and Gall, 1981; Campton and Utter, 1985; Loudenslager et al., 1986; Leary et al., 1987; Forbes and Allendorf, 1991; Dowling and Childs, 1992); Salmo (Nyman, 1970; Wilkins et al., 1993; Giuffra et al., 1996; Hartley, 1996; Perez et al., 1999); Salvalinus (Hammar et al., 1991; Bernatchez et al., 1995; Baxter et al., 1997; Glemet et al., 1998; Wilson and Bernatchez, 1998); Sebastes (Seeb, 1988); Stizostedion (Billington et al., 1988). See also reviews in Campton (1987), Verspoor and Hammar (1991), Smith (1992), and Scribner et al. (2000). More recently, a number of investigations have documented not only first generation hybrids, but also subsequent generation introgressant hybrids (Bartley et al., 1990; Verspoor and Hammar, 1991). As a result, our views about species typology and hybrids continue to change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1016729132297","usgsCitation":"Epifanio, J., and Nielsen, J.L., 2001, The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 10, no. 3, p. 245-251, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016729132297.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c946e4b0f37a93ee9b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epifanio, John","contributorId":139202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epifanio","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1016258,"text":"1016258 - 2001 - Habitat use by female caribou: Tradeoffs associated with parturition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-12-22T17:04:51.691842","indexId":"1016258","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by female caribou: Tradeoffs associated with parturition","docAbstract":"We compared habitat use, forage characteristics, and group size among preparturient, parturient, and nonparturient female caribou (Rangifer tarandus) during and after the birthing season to test hypotheses involving acquisition of forage and risk of predation. We monitored 39 radiocollared females from the Mentasta caribou herd, Alaska, in 1994 and 40 animals in 1995. Group size of females giving birth at higher elevations was smaller (P < 0.01) than females without young that occurred at lower elevations at peak parturition; that difference did not persist into post parturition (P > 0.5). During peak parturition, females with young used sites with fewer predators (P < 0.05), a lower abundance of forage (P < 0.05), but with variable forage quality compared with those sites used by females without young. We hypothesized that parturient females used birth sites that lowered risk of predation, and traded-off forage abundance for increased safety. Nonetheless, few differences existed between parturient and nonparturient females in composition of diet or in indices of diet quality; we could not demonstrate a nutritional cost to maternal females from our analyses. We suggest that increasing population density might intensify intraspecific competition among females for birth sites, and thereby increase nutritional costs of using high-elevation areas with less forage but fewer predators.
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in the northeastern Pacific Ocean, yet there is limited knowledge of ovigerous female brooding locations and brooding behavior. Our earlier research suggests that ovigerous crabs aggregate at the same brooding locations for many years. Within these locations, ovigerous females occur in high densities, with the majority of the aggregation buried within the sediment. These locations often have similar water depths and sediment types and appear to be critical for this life history stage. Our study was designed to examine the bathymetric distribution of Dungeness crabs in bays with and without sea otters at eight locations within the Glacier Bay area by conducting transects with a video-equipped manned submersible. Two of the bays investigated contained large aggregations of ovigerous females. At both sites the substrate was composed primarily of sand. However, only a small percentage of the 33 km of transects were classified as sand. These data suggest that sand substrate may be a limiting resource. Since crab brooding aggregations represent a large portion of the crab population within a small area, and because they are a critical component of Dungeness life history, areas with these characteristics need to be investigated, mapped, and protected from development or exploitation. The areas requiring protection from the impact of anthropogenic wastes, fishing, and logging activities could be quite small, thus limiting conflict with alternative users.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spatial processes and management of marine populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"17th Lowell Wakefield Symposium: Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations","conferenceDate":"October 27-30, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program","doi":"10.4027/spmmp.2001","isbn":"1-56612-068-3","usgsCitation":"Scheding, K., Shirley, T.C., O’Clair, C.E., and Taggart, S.J., 2001, Critical habitat for ovigerous Dungeness crabs, in Spatial processes and management of marine populations, Anchorage, AK, October 27-30, 1999, p. 431-445, https://doi.org/10.4027/spmmp.2001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"431","endPage":"445","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/38513","text":"External Repository"},{"id":344059,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"Part of University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program Report No. AK-SG-01-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fdfe4b0d1f9f065ab1c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kruse, Gordon H.","contributorId":187450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705601,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bez, Nicolas","contributorId":33041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bez","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705602,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Booth, Anthony","contributorId":224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705642,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorn, Martin W.","contributorId":3517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorn","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705643,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hills, Susan","contributorId":103995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hills","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705644,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipcius, Romuald N.","contributorId":101451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipcius","given":"Romuald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705645,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pelletier, Dominique","contributorId":131089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705646,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roy, Claude","contributorId":85923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Claude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705647,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Stephen J.","contributorId":38926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705648,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Witherell, David B.","contributorId":98169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witherell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705649,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":10}],"authors":[{"text":"Scheding, Karen","contributorId":149652,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scheding","given":"Karen","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shirley, Thomas C.","contributorId":17409,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shirley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12548,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, School of Fisheries and Ocean Sciences","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":705595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Clair, Charles E.","contributorId":60571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Clair","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Taggart, S. James","contributorId":30131,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taggart","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"James","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1013232,"text":"1013232 - 2001 - Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:32:27","indexId":"1013232","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":689,"text":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer","docAbstract":"We investigated the habitat of juvenile groundfishes in relation to depth, water temperature, and salinity in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Stations ranging in depth from 10 to 70 m and with sand or mud-sand substrates were sampled with a small-meshed beam trawl in August-September of 1994 to 1999. A total of 8,201 fishes were captured, comprising at least 52 species. Most fishes (91%) had a total length < 150 mm and were in their juvenile stage. Overall, the most abundant fishes were the rock soles Lepidopsetta spp. and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Other common species (>5% of the total catch) were flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon, slim sculpin Radulinus asprellus, Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias. Depth accounted for most of the spatial variability in juvenile groundfish abundance, and neither temperature nor salinity was correlated with fish abundance. Juvenile groundfishes concentrated in either shallow (less than or equal to 20 m) or deep (50-70 m) water, with co-occurrence of some species between 30-40 m. Shallow fishes were the rock soles, Pacific halibut, and great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus. Deep species were flathead sole, slim sculpin, spinycheek starsnout Bathyagonus infraspinatus, rex sole Glyptocephalus zachirus, tadpole sculpin Psychrolutes paradoxus, and whitebarred prickleback Poroclinus rothrocki. This 6-year study provides baseline data on relative abundance and distribution of juvenile groundfishes in Kachemak Bay and may provide a useful tool for predicting the presence of species in similar habitats in other areas of Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Abookire, A.A., Piatt, J.F., and Norcross, B.L., 2001, Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 8, no. 1, p. 45-56.","productDescription":"pp. 45-56","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269523,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/aboov8n1.pdf"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}