{"pageNumber":"1980","pageRowStart":"49475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":1014466,"text":"1014466 - 1986 - Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: Protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T13:36:11.070224","indexId":"1014466","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: Protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout","docAbstract":"

A protocol for experimental challenge with infectious pancreatic necrosis (IPN) virus was defined with brook trout Salvelinus fontinalis as the model species. Fish were exposed by immersion for 5 h in water containing IPN virus at a concentration of 105 plaque‐forming units per milliliter. We propose the protocol as a standard challenge based on our studies of exposure methods and host response to virulent virus. Immersion challenge induced higher and more consistent mortality than did challenge by hyperosmotic infiltration. Challenge virus should be sequentially transferred no more than five times in cell culture because further transfers reduced the virulence of the virus. At 12°C, mortalities due to primary infection occurred 6–12 d after immersion challenge and were highest (≥70%) in fish 27–56 d old. Susceptibility to lethal infection was enhanced by nutritional stress.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<466:IPNV>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"McAllister, P.E., and Owens, W.J., 1986, Infectious pancreatic necrosis virus: Protocol for a standard challenge to brook trout: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 3, p. 466-470, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<466:IPNV>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"466","endPage":"470","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131039,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fde4b07f02db5f5c8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McAllister, P. E.","contributorId":71913,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McAllister","given":"P.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Owens, W. J.","contributorId":15968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Owens","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320413,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003187,"text":"1003187 - 1986 - Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:30:35.446407","indexId":"1003187","displayToPublicDate":"1986-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?","docAbstract":"

Numerous surveys have shown that fish species richness (number of species) is positively correlated with lake pH. However, species richness of fish communities is also correlated with lake size, and low‐pH lakes are often small. Thus, conclusions drawn from examination of fish community structure relative to spatial (among‐lake) variation in pH have been limited by uncertainties regarding the confounded effects of lake area. We used two statistical methods, analysis of covariance and a nonparametric blocked comparison test, to remove effects of lake area and compare fish species richness in low‐pH and high‐pH lakes. Data from six previous surveys of water chemistry and fish communities in lakes of Ontario and northern Wisconsin were examined. Lakes with low pH (≤6.0) contained significantly fewer fish species than lakes with high pH (>6.0) when the effect of lake area was considered. A simple probabilistic model showed that the ability to detect differences in species richness is low when lake areas and the pool of potential colonizing species are small. We recommend the blocked comparison test for separating the effects of lake area and pH on species richness and urge critical examination of inferences based on analyses of fish communities in small lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<438:DPAFSR>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Rago, P., and Wiener, J., 1986, Does pH affect fish species richness when lake area is considered?: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 3, p. 438-447, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<438:DPAFSR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"438","endPage":"447","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199402,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Ontario, Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.3428963904647,\n 53.05423207378681\n ],\n [\n -95.06663345838915,\n 49.84198591717103\n ],\n [\n -92.831369545566,\n 44.28539048218653\n ],\n [\n -91.26927281398797,\n 43.44516557063929\n ],\n [\n -90.8334214078222,\n 42.54490074252436\n ],\n [\n -87.01410605822231,\n 42.440864659121644\n ],\n [\n -86.01750679878438,\n 45.470368842993665\n ],\n [\n -79.75120634729265,\n 46.52265612463563\n ],\n [\n -79.53681665403423,\n 53.53264029553128\n ],\n [\n -88.55944497110296,\n 57.09165271877964\n ],\n [\n -95.3428963904647,\n 53.05423207378681\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633ddf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rago, P.J.","contributorId":50099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rago","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199580,"text":"70199580 - 1986 - Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-20T21:17:32","indexId":"70199580","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-15T21:16:44","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California","docAbstract":"

The chemical and isotopic composition of rainfall and stream water was monitored during a storm in the Mattole River basin of northwestern California. About 250 mm of rain fell during 6 days (∼80% within a 42 h period) in late January, 1972, following 24 days of little or no precipitation. River discharge near Petrolia increased from 22 m3 s−1 to a maximum of 1300 m3s−1 while chloride and silica concentrations decreased only from 3.2 to 2.1 and 11.5 to 8.6 mgl−1, respectively. Meanwhile, the isotopic composition of the river changed from &#x3B4;D = &#x2212; 42&#x2030;\">‰δD = − 42‰, &#x3B4;180 = &#x2212; 6.8&#x2030;\">‰δ180 = − 6.8‰ and 40 tritium units (T.U.) to extreme values at highest flow of &#x3B4;D = &#x2212; 35&#x2030;\">‰δD = − 35‰, &#x3B4;180 = &#x2212; 5.9&#x2030;\">‰δ180 = − 5.9‰ and 25 T.U. in response to volume-weighted rainfall averaging &#x3B4;D = &#x2212; 19.5&#x2030;\">‰δD = − 19.5‰, &#x3B4;180 = &#x2212; 3.1&#x2030;\">‰δ180 = − 3.1‰ and 18 T.U.

Despite much rainfall of a composition quite different from that of the prestorm river water, “buffering” processes in the watershed greatly restricted changes in the chemical and isotopic content of the river during storm runoff. Because of the physical and hydrologic characteristics of the watershed, major contributions of groundwater to stormflow are very unlikely. The large increase in dissolved chemical load observed at maximum river discharge required that extensive interaction with, and presumably penetration of, soils occurred within a few hours time. Such a large increase in chemical load also required subsurface stormflow throughout a high proportion of the watershed. Chemical and isotopic stabilization of stormflow is believed to be due mainly to displacement of prestorm soil water, with some effects on river chemistry due to rapid rain-soil interactions.

The isotopic and chemical composition of prestorm soil moisture cannot readily be predicted a priori because of possible variability in rainfall composition, evaporation, and exchange with atmospheric moisture, nor can it be assumed that baseflow has a predictable relation to the chemical or isotopic composition of water displaced from soils during storms. Therefore, it seems inappropriate to draw conclusions as to the relative proportions of groundwater and rainfall in runoff from a particular storm based only on the average compositions of rainfall, stormflow, and prestorm river water, as has been done in most previous isotope hydrograph studies.

Given the great variation in hydrology, topography, soil characteristics, rainfall intensity and quantity, etc. from place to place, the relative amount of overland flow, subsurface flow from the unsaturated zone and of groundwater in stormflow can vary greatly in time and space.

","language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90047-8","usgsCitation":"Kennedy, V.C., Adams, C.R., Zellweger, G.W., Wyerman, T.A., and Avanzino, R., 1986, Determination of the components of stormflow using water chemistry and environmental isotopes, Mattole River basin, California: Journal of Hydrology, v. 84, no. 1-2, p. 107-140, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90047-8.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mattole River basin","volume":"84","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennedy, V. C.","contributorId":46080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Cynthia R. 0000-0003-4383-530X cradams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4383-530X","contributorId":176965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Adams","given":"Cynthia","email":"cradams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zellweger, Gary W.","contributorId":71171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zellweger","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wyerman, Theodore A.","contributorId":23222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wyerman","given":"Theodore","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Avanzino, R.J.","contributorId":37336,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Avanzino","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":1000514,"text":"1000514 - 1986 - Evaluation of coded wire tags for marking lake trout","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-31T16:37:28.818667","indexId":"1000514","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2886,"text":"North American Journal of Fisheries Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of coded wire tags for marking lake trout","docAbstract":"

Among hatchery-reared lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) of the 1979-1982 year classes stocked in New York waters of Lake Ontario, more than 3 million fish were marked with a coded wire tag (CWT) plus an adipose fin clip, and 1.5 million with only conventional fin clips. Altogether, 7,640 tags were recovered from fish collected with bottom trawls and gill nets or caught by anglers during 1980-1983. One person was able to extract and decipher 200 or more CWTs per day with about a 1% error rate in reading and recording codes. Presence of the CWT did not affect growth. The adipose fin clip did not regenerate. The occurrence of fish with an adipose fin clip but no CWT resulted primarily from the regeneration of paired fins among fish marked with a combination of the adipose fin and a paired fin. Loss of CWTs between marking and stocking (generally 4-5 months for fish stocked in spring and 1-8 d for fish stocked in fall) declined from nearly 11% for the 1979 year class stocked as fall fingerlings to less than 3% for the 1981 and 1982 year classes - a difference that primarily reflected improvements in instrumentation and tagging technique. The rate of CWT loss after the marked fish were stocked was probably less than 1% per year. The CWT is a reliable method for marking hatchery-reared lake trout. A large number of experimental groups can be uniquely marked, and fish from each group can be accurately identified throughout their life. Use of this technique should greatly facilitate evaluations of genetic strain, hatchery experience, condition at time of stocking, season of stocking, size at stocking, method of stocking and other factors that affect poststocking survival and performance of lake trout stocked in the Great Lakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<264:EOCWTF>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Elrod, J.H., and Schneider, C.P., 1986, Evaluation of coded wire tags for marking lake trout: North American Journal of Fisheries Management, v. 6, no. 2, p. 264-271, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)6<264:EOCWTF>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"264","endPage":"271","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133142,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fae27","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elrod, Joseph H.","contributorId":72737,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elrod","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schneider, Clifford P.","contributorId":45251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schneider","given":"Clifford","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014545,"text":"70014545 - 1986 - The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-09-26T16:15:26.071593","indexId":"70014545","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters","docAbstract":"

Speciation calculations for aluminum, in water samples taken from a drainage basin containing acid mine waters, demonstrate a distinct transition from conservative behavior for pH. below 4.6 to nonconservative behavior for pH. above 4.9. This transition corresponds to the pK for the first hydrolysis constant of the aqueous aluminum ion and appears to be a consistent phenomenon independent of field location, ionic strength, and sulfate concentration. Nonconservative behavior is closely correlated with the equilibrium solubility of a microcrystalline gibbsite or amorphous aluminum hydroxide.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.232.4746.54","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Nordstrom, D.K., and Ball, J., 1986, The geochemical behavior of aluminum in acidified surface waters: Science, v. 232, no. 4746, p. 54-56, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.232.4746.54.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"54","endPage":"56","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226091,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"232","issue":"4746","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac45e4b08c986b3233a9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nordstrom, D. Kirk 0000-0003-3283-5136 dkn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3283-5136","contributorId":749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nordstrom","given":"D.","email":"dkn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Kirk","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368645,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, J.W.","contributorId":67507,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"J.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368644,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199729,"text":"70199729 - 1986 - Comparison of four artificial substrates and the Ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-26T12:56:14","indexId":"70199729","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T12:55:44","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of four artificial substrates and the Ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection","docAbstract":"

Four different bottom‐placed artificial substrates were compared with the Ponar grab for collecting benthic invertebrates. Artificial substrate samples of organisms were larger and more diverse than those of the grab. Barbeque Basket samplers caught the most taxa and individuals and Beak Trays caught the least. Chironomids and crustaceans were dominant in artificial substrate samples. Exposure habitat (left or right bank) determined taxa availability, whereas sampler design determined suitability for colonization by the taxa. Diversity for Beak Tray samples was lower than that for other artificial substrates but higher than for Ponar samples. The Barbeque Basket, Bull Basket, and Multiple Plate samples were taxonomically similar. Ponar samples were different, and Beak Trays were of intermediate similarity. As qualitative samplers, Barbeque Baskets were 63 percent efficient, followed by Bull Baskets (55 percent), Multiple Plates (48 percent), Beak Trays (38 percent), and Ponar Grabs (6–10 percent). Bull Baskets required the least and Beak Trays the most replicates to be within a preselected percentage error of the mean at the 95 percent probability level for numbers of taxa and individuals, and for diversity. Under conditions of the study, Bull Baskets ranked highest, followed by Barbeque Baskets and Multiple Plates, in selected performance criteria. Differences between grab and artificial substrate samples are explainable in terms of major riverine habitats and characteristics of the collection methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Water Resources Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01880.x","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., Ferreira, R.F., and Averett, R.C., 1986, Comparison of four artificial substrates and the Ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 2, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01880.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357782,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, Keith V.","contributorId":47781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, Rodger F.","contributorId":13976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":5221502,"text":"5221502 - 1986 - Physiological condition of autumn-banded mallards and its relationship to hunting vulnerability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-15T15:18:39.457128","indexId":"5221502","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Physiological condition of autumn-banded mallards and its relationship to hunting vulnerability","docAbstract":"

An important topic of waterfowl ecology concerns the relationship between the physiological condition of ducks during the nonbreeding season and fitness, i.e., survival and future reproductive success. We investigated this subject using direct band recovery records of mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) banded in autumn (1 Oct-15 Dec) 1981-83 in the Mississippi Alluvial Valley (MAV) [USA]. A condition index, weight (g)/wing length (mm), was calculated for each duck, and we tested whether condition of mallards at time of banding was related to their probability of recovery during the hunting season. In 3 years, 5,610 mallards were banded and there were 234 direct recoveries. Three binary regression model was used to test the relationship between recovery probability and condition. Likelihood-ratio tests were conducted to determine the most suitable model. For mallards banded in autumn there was a negative relationship between physical condition and the probability of recovery. Mallards in poor condition at the time of banding had a greater probability of being recovered during the hunting season. In general, this was true for all ages and sex classes; however, the strongest relationship occurred for adult males.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801893","usgsCitation":"Hepp, G.R., Blohm, R.J., Reynolds, R., Hines, J., and Nichols, J.D., 1986, Physiological condition of autumn-banded mallards and its relationship to hunting vulnerability: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 2, p. 177-183, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801893.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"183","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196741,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Alluvial Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.27279718129824,\n 37.560644970364905\n ],\n [\n -91.27279718129824,\n 30.15144184586643\n ],\n [\n -88.93002851659321,\n 30.15144184586643\n ],\n [\n -88.93002851659321,\n 37.560644970364905\n ],\n [\n -91.27279718129824,\n 37.560644970364905\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adae4b07f02db685974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hepp, Gary R.","contributorId":8191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hepp","given":"Gary","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334001,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Blohm, Robert J.","contributorId":202242,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Blohm","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36385,"text":"Division of Migratory Bird Management, U.S. Fish And Wildlife Service, Retired, Bowie, MD 20715, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":334005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Reynolds, Robert E.","contributorId":113220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Robert E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":334003,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334004,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":334002,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70015108,"text":"70015108 - 1986 - Comparison of four artificial substrates and the ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T15:30:51.112845","indexId":"70015108","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of four artificial substrates and the ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection","docAbstract":"

Four different bottom-placed artificial substrates were compared with the Ponar grab for collecting benthic invertebrates. Artificial substrate samples of organisms were larger and more diverse than those of the grab. Barbeque Basket samplers caught the most taxa and individuals and Beak Trays caught the least. Chironomids and crustaceans were dominant in artificial substrate samples. Exposure habitat (left or right bank) determined taxa availability, whereas sampler design determined suitability for colonization by the taxa. Diversity for Beak Tray samples was lower than that for other artificial substrates but higher than for Ponar samples. The Barbeque Basket, Bull Basket, and Multiple Plate samples were taxonomically similar. Ponar samples were different, and Beak Trays were of intermediate similarity. As qualitative samplers, Barbeque Baskets were 63 percent efficient, followed by Bull Baskets (55 percent), Multiple Plates (48 percent), Beak Trays (38 percent), and Ponar Grabs (6–10 percent). Bull Baskets required the least and Beak Trays the most replicates to be within a preselected percentage error of the mean at the 95 percent probability level for numbers of taxa and individuals, and for diversity. Under conditions of the study, Bull Baskets ranked highest, followed by Barbeque Baskets and Multiple Plates, in selected performance criteria. Differences between grab and artificial substrate samples are explainable in terms of major riverine habitats and characteristics of the collection methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01880.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Slack, K.V., Ferreira, R.F., and Averett, R.C., 1986, Comparison of four artificial substrates and the ponar grab for benthic invertebrate collection: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 2, p. 237-248, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01880.x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"237","endPage":"248","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224073,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Freeport Bridge, Sacramento River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.52348256376811,\n 38.44506835462744\n ],\n [\n -121.52348256376811,\n 38.43097746809485\n ],\n [\n -121.4985364975818,\n 38.43097746809485\n ],\n [\n -121.4985364975818,\n 38.44506835462744\n ],\n [\n -121.52348256376811,\n 38.44506835462744\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-11","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2d9e4b0c8380cd4b41d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slack, Keith V.","contributorId":47781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slack","given":"Keith","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ferreira, Rodger F.","contributorId":13976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ferreira","given":"Rodger","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Averett, Robert C.","contributorId":27500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Averett","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185552,"text":"70185552 - 1986 - Groundwater transport of strontium 90 in a glacial outwash environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:54:57","indexId":"70185552","displayToPublicDate":"1986-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater transport of strontium 90 in a glacial outwash environment","docAbstract":"

As part of the investigation of groundwater contamination at a uranium-scrap recovery plant at Wood River Junction, Rhode Island, laboratory experiments led to the development of a model for predicting the transport of strontium 90 in glacial outwash sediments based on an approximate mechanism for ion exchange. The multicomponent system was simplified to two components by regarding all exchangeable cations other than strontium 90 as a single component. The binary ion-exchange parameter was a function of the variable, total ion concentration. A one-dimensional solute transport model was formulated to evaluate the time necessary for natural groundwater flow to remove the strontium 90 contamination plume from the groundwater system to the Pawcatuck River. The finite difference transport equations were solved sequentially for total ion concentrations, then strontium 90 concentrations. Clay-free quartz and feldspar sands at the study site have little potential for strontium 90 sorption, and high calcium, magnesium, and sodium concentrations compete for the few ion exchange sites. As the total ion concentration plume moves out of the system, ion exchange of strontium 90 increases, reducing the strontium 90 concentration in the groundwater. Cleanout times predicted using the binary ion exchange mechanism were about two thirds of those predicted using a constant distribution coefficient. It is suggested that this type of model can simulate solute transport more realistically in many groundwater systems where the total ion concentration is not constant.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i004p00519","usgsCitation":"Kipp, K.L., Stollenwerk, K.G., and Grove, D.B., 1986, Groundwater transport of strontium 90 in a glacial outwash environment: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 4, p. 519-530, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i004p00519.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"519","endPage":"530","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338204,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Rhode Island","city":"Wood River Junction","volume":"22","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d4df18e4b05ec79911d201","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. Jr.","contributorId":189754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stollenwerk, Kenneth G. kgstolle@usgs.gov","contributorId":578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stollenwerk","given":"Kenneth","email":"kgstolle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":685939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Grove, David B.","contributorId":74750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grove","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":685940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209252,"text":"70209252 - 1986 - Internal-wave currents as a mechanism to account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-25T13:08:39","indexId":"70209252","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-25T13:04:49","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2451,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Research","onlineIssn":"1938-3681","printIssn":"1527-1404","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Internal-wave currents as a mechanism to account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea ","docAbstract":"

Sand waves are found in the heads of four of five large submarine canyons that incise the northern continental margin of the Bering Sea. The sand waves occur in a restricted depth zone of about 175-490 m. Those in Navarinsky Canyon, the area surveyed in most detail, are best developed in water depths of 300-375 m; they average 5 m in height and about 650 m in wavelength, with crests oriented subparallel to isobaths and almost perpendicular to the axes of the two main branches of the canyon. We speculate that internal-wave currents are responsible for the sand waves. Currents generated by internal waves are a particularly attractive mechanism for at least three reasons: 1) the energy of the internal waves could be amplified in the head of Navarinsky Canyon, especially in the area of the sand wave field; 2) upslope boundary-layer intensification of internal-wave currents might be sufficient to move the sediment composing the sand waves; and 3) the wavelengths of higher-frequency internal waves closely match the spacing of the sand waves. Although we based our assumptions on present-day conditions, we do not know if the sand waves are active. Consequently, we do not discount the possibility that the sand waves could have originated in the Pleistocene when Navarinsky Canyon headed in a shallow embayment that was receiving large quantities of sediment discharged by glacial meltwater streams. These conditions probably caused strong vertical density gradients in the coastal waters, which would have been more favorable than those today for the propagation of high-frequency internal waves.

","language":"English","publisher":"SPEM","doi":"10.1306/212F8A21-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","usgsCitation":"Karl, H.A., Cacchione, D., and Carlson, P., 1986, Internal-wave currents as a mechanism to account for large sand waves in Navarinsky Canyon head, Bering Sea : Journal of Sedimentary Research, v. 56, no. 5, p. 706-714, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F8A21-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"706","endPage":"714","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":373520,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Navarinksy Canyon Head, Bering Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -180,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -173.583984375,\n 57.657157596582984\n ],\n [\n -173.583984375,\n 61.438767493682825\n ],\n [\n -180,\n 61.438767493682825\n ],\n [\n -180,\n 57.657157596582984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"56","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karl, H. A.","contributorId":115791,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karl","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cacchione, D.A.","contributorId":65448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cacchione","given":"D.A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":785579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carlson, P.R.","contributorId":97055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":785580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70185583,"text":"70185583 - 1986 - Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:58:36","indexId":"70185583","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit","docAbstract":"

Hydrogeologic studies commonly include the development, calibration, and application of a deterministic simulation model. To help assess the value of using such models to make predictions, a postaudit was conducted on a previously studied area in the Salt River and lower Santa Cruz River basins in central Arizona. A deterministic, distributed-parameter model of the ground-water system in these alluvial basins was calibrated by Anderson (1968) using about 40 years of data (1923–64). The calibrated model was then used to predict future water-level changes during the next 10 years (1965–74). Examination of actual water-level changes in 77 wells from 1965–74 indicates a poor correlation between observed and predicted water-level changes. The differences have a mean of 73 ft that is, predicted declines consistently exceeded those observed and a standard deviation of 47 ft. The bias in the predicted water-level change can be accounted for by the large error in the assumed total pumpage during the prediction period. However, the spatial distribution of errors in predicted water-level change does not correlate with the spatial distribution of errors in pumpage. Consequently, the lack of precision probably is not related only to errors in assumed pumpage, but may indicate the presence of other sources of error in the model, such as the two-dimensional representation of a three-dimensional problem or the lack of consideration of land-subsidence processes. This type of postaudit is a valuable method of verifying a model, and an evaluation of predictive errors can provide an increased understanding of the system and aid in assessing the value of undertaking development of a revised model.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00993.x","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 1986, Predictive accuracy of a ground-water model--Lessons from a postaudit: Groundwater, v. 24, no. 2, p. 173-184, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb00993.x.","productDescription":"12 p. ","startPage":"173","endPage":"184","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":338253,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Salt River basin, Lower Santa Cruz River basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -109.88525390624999,\n 32.36140331527543\n ],\n [\n -109.88525390624999,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 36.27970720524017\n ],\n [\n -113.40087890624999,\n 32.36140331527543\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d6303ae4b05ec7991310fb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":686033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70185584,"text":"70185584 - 1986 - Modeling contamination of shallow unconfined aquifers through infiltration beds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:18:28","indexId":"70185584","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Modeling contamination of shallow unconfined aquifers through infiltration beds","docAbstract":"

We model the transport of a simply reactive contaminant through an infiltration bed and underlying shallow, one-dimensional, unconfined aquifer with a plane, steeply sloping bottom in the assumed absence of dispersion and downgradient dilution. The effluent discharge and ambient groundwater flow under the infiltration beds are presumed to form a vertically mixed plume marked by an appreciable radial velocity component in the near field flow region. The near field analysis routes effluent contamination as a single linear reservoir whose output forms a source plane for the one-dimensional, far field flow region downgradient of the facility; the location and width of the source plane reflect the relative strengths of ambient flow and effluent discharge. We model far field contaminant transport, using an existing method of characteristics solution with frame speeds modified by recharge, bottom slope, and linear adsorption, and concentrations reflecting first-order reaction kinetics. The near and far field models simulate transport of synthetic detergents, chloride, total nitrogen, and boron in a contaminant plume at the Otis Air Force Base sewage treatment plant in Barnstable County, Massachusetts, with reasonable accuracy.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i003p00375","usgsCitation":"Ostendorf, D., 1986, Modeling contamination of shallow unconfined aquifers through infiltration beds: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 3, p. 375-382, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i003p00375.","productDescription":"8 p. ","startPage":"375","endPage":"382","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":480128,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://archives.lib.state.ma.us/handle/2452/834290","text":"External Repository"},{"id":338255,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts ","county":"Barnstable County","otherGeospatial":"Otis Air Force Base","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -70.63316345214844,\n 41.597472596288675\n ],\n [\n -70.37155151367188,\n 41.597472596288675\n ],\n [\n -70.37155151367188,\n 41.792816561051815\n ],\n [\n -70.63316345214844,\n 41.792816561051815\n ],\n [\n -70.63316345214844,\n 41.597472596288675\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58d63039e4b05ec7991310f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ostendorf, D.W.","contributorId":189794,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ostendorf","given":"D.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":686034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1014242,"text":"1014242 - 1986 - Effects of five metals on susceptibility of striped bass to Flexibacter columnaris","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T16:47:00.201335","indexId":"1014242","displayToPublicDate":"1986-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of five metals on susceptibility of striped bass to Flexibacter columnaris","docAbstract":"

Exposure of young striped bass Morone saxatilis (weight, 8.5–34 g) to a mixture of arsenic, cadmium, copper, lead, and selenium at 4 and 10 times the average environmental concentrations of 1–3 μg/L protected the fish from experimental infection with Flexibacter columnaris, the causal organism of columnaris disease. In four trials, all striped bass died within 7 d after a 2‐min exposure to 5 × 106 F. columnaris cells in untreated water. In contrast, no fish died after a single dayˈs exposure to the metal mixture followed by infection with F. columnaris and a second exposure to the metals for seven more days. When striped bass were exposed 5 d to individual metals, copper protected against infection and cadmium offered marginal protection but was slightly toxic after 2 d exposure. Arsenic increased susceptibility to infection, and lead and selenium were without an apparent effect.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<227:EOFMOS>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"MacFarlane, R., Bullock, G.L., and McLaughlin, J., 1986, Effects of five metals on susceptibility of striped bass to Flexibacter columnaris: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 2, p. 227-231, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<227:EOFMOS>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"227","endPage":"231","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132180,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"115","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2ee4b07f02db61562c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacFarlane, R.D.","contributorId":54559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacFarlane","given":"R.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bullock, G. L.","contributorId":69498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bullock","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McLaughlin, J.J.A.","contributorId":100332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McLaughlin","given":"J.J.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70208663,"text":"70208663 - 1986 - Miocene silicoflagellates from Chatham Rise, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 594","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-24T11:45:15","indexId":"70208663","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-24T11:27:37","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Miocene silicoflagellates from Chatham Rise, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 594","docAbstract":"

Miocene silicoflagellates, dominated by Mesocena, are identified and correlated from Site 594 to other Deep Sea Drilling Project sites. Relative paleotemperature values from silicoflagellates at Site 594 are very low, supporting the evidence of the associated cold-water, low-diversity Coccolith assemblages. The greatest abundances of Mesocena diodon nodosa yet recorded occur at Site 594, which is near the present Subtropical Convergence. Similarities in the ecostratigraphic records between Chatham Rise (Site 594) and the Falkland Plateau (Site 329) in the late Miocene indicate widespread events within the circum-Antarctic water mass.

","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.90.117.1986","usgsCitation":"Bukry, D., 1986, Miocene silicoflagellates from Chatham Rise, Deep Sea Drilling Project Site 594: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 90, no. 2, p. 925-937, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.90.117.1986.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"937","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488893,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.90.117.1986","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bukry, David 0000-0003-4540-890X dbukry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4540-890X","contributorId":3550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bukry","given":"David","email":"dbukry@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":782937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70208362,"text":"70208362 - 1986 - Isotopic composition of interstitial fluids in sediment of the Nankai Trough, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 87","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-05T12:28:39","indexId":"70208362","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-05T12:22:31","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1996,"text":"Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P.","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isotopic composition of interstitial fluids in sediment of the Nankai Trough, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 87","docAbstract":"

The isotopic compositions of dissolved CO2 and CH4 in sediments of the Nankai Trough indicate that CH4 is formed during early diagenesis by microbial reduction of CO2 . At the shallowest sampled depths, the CO2 dissolved in the pore water is unusually enriched in 12C (δ13C = - 35.2‰), indicating contribution of CO2 from oxidation of CH4 . The most intense microbiological activity appears to be confined to the uppermost 50 m of sediment, based on relative lack of change in the isotopic compositions below this depth. Gas hydrate probably is not present at these localities (Sites 582, 583) because of CH4 concentrations that are insufficient to saturate the pore water with respect to gas hy drate stability

","language":"English","publisher":"Texas A&M","doi":"10.2973/dsdp.proc.87.131.1986","usgsCitation":"Claypool, G., Vuletich, A., and Kvenvolden, K.A., 1986, Isotopic composition of interstitial fluids in sediment of the Nankai Trough, Deep Sea Drilling Project Leg 87: Initial Reports of the D.S.D.P., v. 87, p. 857-860, https://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.87.131.1986.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"857","endPage":"860","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488903,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"http://doi.org/10.2973/dsdp.proc.87.131.1986","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":372069,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"87","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Claypool, George E.","contributorId":8475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Claypool","given":"George E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Vuletich, A.K.","contributorId":43784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vuletich","given":"A.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kvenvolden, Keith A. kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","contributorId":3384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kvenvolden","given":"Keith","email":"kkvenvolden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014968,"text":"70014968 - 1986 - Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T16:34:42.54314","indexId":"70014968","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream","docAbstract":"

A study was performed to identify sources of solute loading to the Dirty Devil River and its major tributaries, in southeastern Utah. A primary goal was to determine the contribution of gypsum dissolution to total dissolved solids concentration, and its potential increase in the future if salinity control measures are instituted. Synoptic field data were collected during the low flow period in October 1983. Data were analyzed using the geochemistry models WATEQF and BALANCE to postulate mineral reactions leading to solute loading. Three known sources of solute loading, involving two different geochemical mechanisms, were clearly discernable. Two additional areas of possible gypsum dissolution were located.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01863.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Rittmaster, R., and Mueller, D., 1986, Identification of solute loading sources to a surface stream: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 1, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01863.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223791,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a383ce4b0c8380cd614c0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rittmaster, R. L.","contributorId":55861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rittmaster","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mueller, D. K.","contributorId":93525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mueller","given":"D. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014950,"text":"70014950 - 1986 - Wetland ecosystems studies from a hydrologic perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T16:23:14.326231","indexId":"70014950","displayToPublicDate":"1986-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2529,"text":"Journal of the American Water Resources Association","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wetland ecosystems studies from a hydrologic perspective","docAbstract":"

Selected studies from the literature were reviewed to determine the extent of knowledge about the relationship between hydrology and wetland ecosystem studies. Wetland studies of chemical input-output relationships have been the most dependent on hydrologic data of all wetland investigations; yet, very few of these studies have attempted to measure all components of a wetland's water balance. Usually, unmeasured components were calculated as the difference between measured inputs and outputs. Ground water frequently was overlooked. Chemical input-output investigations primarily were concerned with determining the amount of input retained in the wetlands. Few studies also included direct measurement of biogeochemical processes within wetlands of elements that were part of simultaneous input-output investigations. The importance of uncertainties in chemical budgets that are due to uncertainties in hydrologic budgets has been addressed in very few wetland investigations. Although many studies have emphasized the importance of hydrology to wetland ecosystem research, few studies have documented this, so that hydrology remains one of the least understood components of wetland ecosystems.

","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01853.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"LaBaugh, J.W., 1986, Wetland ecosystems studies from a hydrologic perspective: Journal of the American Water Resources Association, v. 22, no. 1, p. 1-10, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb01853.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224395,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc39fe4b08c986b32b2af","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"LaBaugh, James W. 0000-0002-4112-2536 jlabaugh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-2536","contributorId":1311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LaBaugh","given":"James","email":"jlabaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206241,"text":"70206241 - 1986 - Application of continuous seismic reflection methods to hydrologic studies","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-25T13:09:55","indexId":"70206241","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-31T12:55:07","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3825,"text":"Groundwater","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of continuous seismic reflection methods to hydrologic studies","docAbstract":"

Oil and gas exploration and engineering studies in water‐covered areas routinely use continuous seismic profiling techniques to obtain subsurface geologic information. Such profiling also can be used effectively in hydrologic studies to define the geologic framework of aquifer systems, to locate hydrologic boundaries, and in some places, to interpret the lithologic character of aquifers and confining beds.

High‐resolution continuous seismic profiling, through the use of nonexplosive sound sources, can be used to produce continuous records that require little data processing before hydrogeologic interpretation. High‐resolution tuned transducer, minisparker, Uniboom, and small airgun systems operating from small boats in shallow water are capable of transmitting energy that can penetrate up to a hundred meters of earth materials. The resulting analog records of the reflected seismic signal closely resemble geologic sections.

Surveys on the Housatonic River in Connecticut and Massachusetts, and on the Connecticut River, in water from 1 to 10 meters deep, have defined the bedrock surface beneath 60 meters of stratified drift. Seismic‐reflection profiling also was used to determine the extent and thickness of recent lake‐bottom deposits in two Connecticut lakes.

Surveys along 90 kilometers of river channels in the Sarasota‐port Charlotte, Florida, area defined in detail the stratigrapahy and continuity of the shallow aquifers.

","language":"English","publisher":"National Groundwater Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01455.x","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1986, Application of continuous seismic reflection methods to hydrologic studies: Groundwater, v. 24, no. 1, p. 23-31, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.1986.tb01455.x.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"23","endPage":"31","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":368616,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Connecticut, Massachusetts","otherGeospatial":"Connecticut River, Housatonic River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.25982666015625,\n 41.304634388885916\n ],\n [\n -72.586669921875,\n 41.705728515237524\n ],\n [\n -72.5592041015625,\n 42.02481360781777\n ],\n [\n -72.6800537109375,\n 42.032974332441405\n ],\n [\n -72.69927978515625,\n 41.69752591075902\n ],\n [\n -72.44659423828125,\n 41.32732632036622\n ],\n [\n -72.3944091796875,\n 41.269549502842565\n ],\n [\n -72.25982666015625,\n 41.304634388885916\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.0971908569336,\n 41.17529461608787\n ],\n [\n -73.0594253540039,\n 41.30386066106877\n ],\n [\n -73.14971923828125,\n 41.37835427979543\n ],\n [\n -73.18336486816406,\n 41.41157824719922\n ],\n [\n -73.24207305908203,\n 41.44504258368392\n ],\n [\n -73.29288482666016,\n 41.47128714007432\n ],\n [\n -73.36807250976562,\n 41.49906391776462\n ],\n [\n -73.40858459472656,\n 41.583863615623294\n ],\n [\n -73.45252990722656,\n 41.62673502076991\n ],\n [\n -73.49647521972656,\n 41.67547622677174\n ],\n [\n -73.39279174804688,\n 41.79153671046777\n ],\n [\n -73.36704254150389,\n 41.821478516604024\n ],\n [\n -73.37150573730469,\n 41.83350248182098\n ],\n [\n -73.34678649902344,\n 41.88949926385016\n ],\n [\n -73.35124969482422,\n 41.91709605960302\n ],\n [\n -73.3615493774414,\n 41.97761388394733\n ],\n [\n -73.34575653076172,\n 42.01588661570966\n ],\n [\n -73.33236694335938,\n 42.05541092308216\n ],\n [\n -73.32035064697264,\n 42.099496120047895\n ],\n [\n -73.33683013916016,\n 42.10484541787715\n ],\n [\n -73.35124969482422,\n 42.13947756370087\n ],\n [\n -73.34232330322266,\n 42.23080529708004\n ],\n [\n -73.35433959960938,\n 42.25622128239617\n ],\n [\n -73.37150573730469,\n 42.26130325080725\n ],\n [\n -73.37459564208984,\n 42.24834342196849\n ],\n [\n -73.35914611816406,\n 42.21809346507041\n ],\n [\n -73.36704254150389,\n 42.18248671967966\n ],\n [\n -73.37425231933594,\n 42.14915080911929\n ],\n [\n -73.37356567382812,\n 42.117580024789625\n ],\n [\n -73.34953308105469,\n 42.09312731992276\n ],\n [\n -73.33511352539062,\n 42.08828660407765\n ],\n [\n -73.35708618164062,\n 42.06254817666338\n ],\n [\n -73.3560562133789,\n 42.047253079589595\n ],\n [\n -73.35227966308594,\n 42.04317376494972\n ],\n [\n -73.36051940917969,\n 42.024048486172525\n ],\n [\n -73.38180541992188,\n 41.98016611546063\n ],\n [\n -73.38008880615234,\n 41.94902190280396\n ],\n [\n -73.3718490600586,\n 41.88566543221387\n ],\n [\n -73.39244842529297,\n 41.828386176902555\n ],\n [\n -73.41682434082031,\n 41.7920486537679\n ],\n [\n -73.50128173828125,\n 41.725205507257016\n ],\n [\n -73.52531433105469,\n 41.67265537326585\n ],\n [\n -73.5157012939453,\n 41.65854925140818\n ],\n [\n -73.44566345214842,\n 41.5782137621912\n ],\n [\n -73.42334747314453,\n 41.56357320617609\n ],\n [\n -73.38764190673828,\n 41.48569140009698\n ],\n [\n -73.3612060546875,\n 41.47385956415865\n ],\n [\n -73.30867767333984,\n 41.44375581277325\n ],\n [\n -73.27743530273438,\n 41.44298373797846\n ],\n [\n -73.26610565185545,\n 41.42805515303884\n ],\n [\n -73.2297134399414,\n 41.42084702111327\n ],\n [\n -73.20568084716797,\n 41.40642835684362\n ],\n [\n -73.1795883178711,\n 41.375262814874915\n ],\n [\n -73.08174133300781,\n 41.29689669759202\n ],\n [\n -73.09856414794922,\n 41.27187187968119\n ],\n [\n -73.11847686767578,\n 41.22256815655704\n ],\n [\n -73.12602996826172,\n 41.19389811602941\n ],\n [\n -73.12911987304688,\n 41.16805849439579\n ],\n [\n -73.0971908569336,\n 41.17529461608787\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-03-21","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":773912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70207905,"text":"70207905 - 1986 - Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-17T13:41:57","indexId":"70207905","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-17T13:35:14","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland","docAbstract":"

The volcanic island Surtsey, off the south coast of Iceland, was created by volcanic activity in 1963–1967. Core from a 181-m-deep hole extending 123 m below sea level shows the results of 12 yr of hydrothermal alteration of basaltic tephra. The primary cause of heating of the tephra and of development of the hydrothermal system was the intrusion of dikes below sea level. At present, the hottest part of the hole, at a maximum temperature of 150 °C, is cooling at ∼0.9 °C per year. Palagonitization of sideromelane glass, a dominant constituent of the tephra, is an important alteration process that is strongly temperature dependent, the rate doubling for every 12 °C increase. At 60 °C, <40% of the glass is palagonitized, but above 100 °C, >90% is palagonitized. Above 120 °C, olivine crystals are replaced on their edges by nontronite; the thickness of clay doubles for each 8 °C increase. Ten hydrothermal minerals have crystallized in the tephra at 25 to 150 °C; the dominant species are smectite (nontronite), analcite, phillipsite, and tobermorite. The primary clay species of palagonite is probably nontronite. Other minerals are halite, opal, calcite, chabazite, xonotlite, anhydrite, and gypsum. No major differences in mineral occurrence are noted above and below sea level, but phillipsite and tobermorite tend to grow larger below sea level, even at the same temperature. Analcite appears at lower temperature (55 °C) above sea level than below sea level (75 °C). Anhydrite is most abundant deep in the hole, where inflowing, cool sea water precipitated sulfate due to reduced sulfate solubility at higher temperatures.

","language":"English","publisher":"GSA","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<648:HMAARA>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Jakobsson, S.P., and Moore, J.G., 1986, Hydrothermal minerals and alteration rates at Surtsey volcano, Iceland: GSA Bulletin, v. 97, no. 5, p. 648-659, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<648:HMAARA>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"648","endPage":"659","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371360,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Iceland","otherGeospatial":"Surtsey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -21.654052734375,\n 62.67918619685372\n ],\n [\n -19.248046875,\n 62.67918619685372\n ],\n [\n -19.248046875,\n 63.68524808030715\n ],\n [\n -21.654052734375,\n 63.68524808030715\n ],\n [\n -21.654052734375,\n 62.67918619685372\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"97","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jakobsson, S. P.","contributorId":85457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jakobsson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, James G. 0000-0002-7543-2401 jmoore@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7543-2401","contributorId":2892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"James","email":"jmoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70207748,"text":"70207748 - 1986 - Milankovitch cycles in Neocene deep‐sea sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-18T15:48:16.837197","indexId":"70207748","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-09T11:50:27","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3002,"text":"Paleoceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Milankovitch cycles in Neocene deep‐sea sediment","docAbstract":"

Pelagic carbonate sediments from the world ocean basins commonly show cyclic variations in amount and/or degree of preservation of biogenic calcite, with periodicities of several tens to several hundreds of thousands of years. The direct causes of these cycles are fluctuations in noncarbonate dilution, carbonate production, carbonate dissolution, and/or current winnowing. The overall driving force, however, is variation in the earth's orbital characteristics (Milankovitch cycles) through their influence on global climate and depositional processes. The main inferred climatic effects of orbital perturbations are on global ice volume, global temperature, ocean circulation, and distribution of climatic patterns. Eustatic sea level is directly related to ice volume, as is the rate of erosion of clastic material from continental margins. Changes in volume of sea ice affect the volume and intensity of bottom water flow, which in turn may cause changes in the intensity of sediment winnowing by bottom currents, in the intensity of upwelling of nutrient‐rich bottom waters, and in the depth of carbonate dissolution. Change in productivity of calcareous plankton are difficult to prove as a cause of carbonate cycles but may have contributed to the formation of carbonate cycles off northwest and southwest Africa. Fluctuations in winnowing of fine‐grained components have been demonstrated as a cause of cyclic variations in the coarse‐fraction component of carbonate sediments in the southwest Pacific. Dilution of carbonate by clastic material probably was a major cause of fluctuations in carbonate content of deep‐sea sediments off northwest and southwest Africa. Carbonate dissolution cycles probably are the most common manifestation of fluctuations in bottom water flow. Dissolution cycles are common in Quaternary and Neogene sediments of the North Atlantic, Caribbean, and eastern equatorial Pacific. The main cause of the carbonate dissolution was shoaling of the carbonate compensation depth during the early Neogene in response to climatically induced fluctuations in the thickness of Antarctic Bottom Water.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/PA001i004p00539","usgsCitation":"Dean, W.E., and Gardner, J.V., 1986, Milankovitch cycles in Neocene deep‐sea sediment: Paleoceanography, v. 1, no. 40, p. 539-553, https://doi.org/10.1029/PA001i004p00539.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"539","endPage":"553","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":371107,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"40","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, J. V.","contributorId":114111,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70198911,"text":"70198911 - 1986 - Geology of the Harrisonburg and Bridgewater quadrangles, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-24T14:57:21","indexId":"70198911","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-06T14:50:35","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"title":"Geology of the Harrisonburg and Bridgewater quadrangles, Virginia","docAbstract":"

The Harrisonburg and Bridgewater quadrangles comprise an area of approximately 117 square miles in Rockingham County in northwestern Virginia.This area is in the western part of the Shenandoah Valley, a portion of the Valley and Ridge physiographic province, and contains parts of three major geologic structures-the Staunton and North Mountain thrust faults and the Massanutten synclinorium.The roeks within the two quadrangles are folded and faulted limestones, dolomites, shales, and sandstones of Paleozoic age. These rocks have been divided into groups, formations, and members that include the Elbrook and Conococheague formations (Cambrian), the Stonehenge Formation, the Beekmantown Group, the New Market Limestone, and the Lineolnshire, Edinburg, and Martinsburg formations (Ordovieian), the Massanutten Sandstone and the Bloomsburg Formation (Silurian), and probably Upper Silurian and Iower and Middle Devonian limestones and shales that are not exposed but are judged to be on Massanutten Mountain. Triassic diabase dikes and Eocene volcanic pipes intrude the Paleozoic sequence locally. Much of the sequenee is eovered by alluvium or talus of Quaternary age. Selected strata of the Cambrian and Ordovician carbonate roek sequence are sources for road aggregate, agricultural lime, concrete aggregate, dimension stone, tettazzo, portland cement, flux stone, and pellet lime. Some of the carbonate rocks may be potential sources of lead and zinc minerals. Ordovician shale formations have potential for structural clay products.

","largerWorkTitle":"Virginia Division of Mineral Resources Publication","publisher":"Commonwealth of Virginia, Dept. of Mines, Minerals, and Energy, Division of Mineral Resources","publisherLocation":"Charlottesville, VA","usgsCitation":"Gathright, T.M., and Frischmann, P.S., 1986, Geology of the Harrisonburg and Bridgewater quadrangles, Virginia, v. 60, 21 p., with color map.","productDescription":"21 p., with color map","costCenters":[{"id":37280,"text":"Virginia and West Virginia Water Science Center ","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":356740,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":356739,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.dmme.virginia.gov/commercedocs/PUB_60.pdf","text":"Document"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","county":"Rockingham County","otherGeospatial":"Harrisonburg Quadrangle, Bridgewater Quadrangle, Shenandoah Valley","volume":"60","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gathright, Thomas M. II","contributorId":207266,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gathright","given":"Thomas","suffix":"II","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frischmann, Peter S.","contributorId":207267,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frischmann","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":743387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":16427,"text":"ofr86313 - 1986 - Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T16:30:41.56629","indexId":"ofr86313","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T22:05:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-313","title":"Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84","docAbstract":"

During 1983-84, ground water from 63 wells located at 31 sites throughout, eastern Broward County, Florida, was sampled and analyzed to determine baseline water-quality conditions. The physical and chemical parameters analyzed included field measurements (pH and temperature), physical characteristics (color, turbidity, and specific conductance), major inorganic ions, nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon), selected trace metals, and total phenolic compounds. Ground-water samples were collected at the end of the dry season (April), during rising water levels (June and July), and during yearly peak water levels (September and October). These data are tabulated, by well, in this report.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr86313","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Broward County Environmental Quality Control Board","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., and Cannon, F.L., 1986, Water-quality data for the ground-water network in eastern Broward County, Florida, 1983-84: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 86-313, iii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr86313.","productDescription":"iii, 68 p.","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":149539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":45390,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1986/0313/ofr86313.pdf","text":"Report","size":"878 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Broward County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ],\n [\n -80.49339294433592,\n 26.327268243699777\n ],\n [\n -80.49888610839844,\n 25.949401131968656\n ],\n [\n -80.11711120605469,\n 25.9500185488265\n ],\n [\n -80.09170532226562,\n 26.191796007381587\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.27371402440643\n ],\n [\n -80.07247924804686,\n 26.32849908419746\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"

Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3321 College Avenue
Davie, FL 33314

Contact Pubs Warehouse

","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e57d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Bradley G.","contributorId":83492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Frank L.","contributorId":79754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Frank","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":172824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70006530,"text":"70006530 - 1986 - Distribution and habitat of Nitellopsis obtuse (Characeae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-22T11:23:05.436763","indexId":"70006530","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T16:46:34","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Distribution and habitat of Nitellopsis obtuse (Characeae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes","docAbstract":"

Nitellopsis obtusa, a macroalga (Characeae) native to Europe and Asia, was found in U.S. waters of the St. Clair-Detroit River system in 1983, thus extending the range of this taxon into the Laurentian Great Lakes about 850 km from the St. Lawrence River where it was first discovered in North America in 1978. Its occurrence only in water frequented by commercial shipping vessels suggests that it is distributed via this mechanism. In the St. Clair-Detroit River system, N. obtusa was collected with a Ponar grab at four locations, and with a grapnel at one additional location. It was the ninth most frequently found macrophyte and it was most abundant at Belle Isle in the Detroit River, where the mean dry-weight biomass in Ponar samples was 0 g m-2 in June, 37 g m-2 in August, and 32 g m−2 in September. Maximum biomass of this taxon in one Ponar grab at this location was 289 g m-2 in September. The alga occurred primarily in water of relatively low current velocity (11.3 cm s−1) and in association with Vallisneria americana, Myriophyllum spicatum, Potamogeton richardsonii, Najas flexilis, and Elodea canadensis.

","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF00010806","usgsCitation":"Schloesser, D.W., Hudson, P.L., and Nichols, S.J., 1986, Distribution and habitat of Nitellopsis obtuse (Characeae) in the Laurentian Great Lakes: Hydrobiologia, v. 133, no. 1, p. 91-96, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00010806.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"96","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289156,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"133","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53ae7688e4b0abf75cf2bf8c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schloesser, Donald W. dschloesser@usgs.gov","contributorId":3579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schloesser","given":"Donald","email":"dschloesser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hudson, Patrick L. 0000-0002-7646-443X phudson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7646-443X","contributorId":5616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudson","given":"Patrick","email":"phudson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":354688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, S. Jerrine","contributorId":25887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Jerrine","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":354689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70168897,"text":"70168897 - 1986 - Iowa joins in monitoring acid rain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-07T14:18:57","indexId":"70168897","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T15:15:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2107,"text":"Iowa Conservationist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Iowa joins in monitoring acid rain","docAbstract":"

No abstract available.

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\"}}]}","volume":"45","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56deb45ae4b015c306fb8a39","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchmiller, R.C.","contributorId":59458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchmiller","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":622100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70226906,"text":"70226906 - 1986 - Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 1. Theoretical dynamics and the steady datum state","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-20T21:09:37.692796","indexId":"70226906","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T15:00:41","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2309,"text":"Journal of Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 1. Theoretical dynamics and the steady datum state","docAbstract":"

Unsteady, nonuniform motion of persistently active landslides is a process of widespread importance. A general, three-dimensional theory aimed at elucidating this process is developed from physical principles and field measurements of landslide behavior. The theory employs a versatile constitutive model that represents landslides as deformable bodies composed of frictional, nonlinear viscoplastic material. The three-dimensional theory is reduced to a mathematically tracTable form by defining an ideal landslide datum state that consists of steady, unidirectional shear flow driven by ground-water seepage and gravitational forces. Solution of the datum-state equation of motion yields vertical landslide velocity profiles that can represent deformation styles ranging from shear-thickening viscoplastic flow to perfectly plastic frictional slip. This range of theoretical profiles encompasses the range of profiles measured in four persistently active northern California landslides. Also obtained from the datum-state equation of motion is an analytical solution for datum-state landslide sediment fluxes. An important feature of this solution is that it represents theoretical landslide sediment fluxes as a family of continuous-functions. The solution thus provides a mathematical basis for a general perturbation analysis of the kinematics of unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion, which will be presented in a companion paper in a subsequent issue of the Journal.

","language":"English","publisher":"University of Chicago Press","doi":"10.1086/629006","usgsCitation":"Iverson, R.M., 1986, Unsteady, nonuniform landslide motion: 1. Theoretical dynamics and the steady datum state: Journal of Geology, v. 94, no. 1, p. 1-15, https://doi.org/10.1086/629006.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"15","costCenters":[{"id":157,"text":"Cascades Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":393126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"94","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Iverson, Richard M. 0000-0002-7369-3819 riverson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7369-3819","contributorId":536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iverson","given":"Richard","email":"riverson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":828741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ]}