For nearly 15 years, the Redwood Creek Watershed in north coastal California has been the focus of both U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and National Park Service (NPS) studies designed to document and quantify the nature of erosion, sedimentation and sediment transport processes active in the basin. While none of these studies were specifically designed to assess possible cumulative effects resulting from land use, we can demonstrate, by synthesizing a number of study findings throughout the watershed, that some land use practices do result in long-term and persistent changes to hillslopes and stream channels.
\nFor this discussion, \"Cumulative Effects\" are viewed as multiple, persistent impacts which are separated in either space or time from the original land use disturbance. Although each incremental disturbance may have an insignificant effect when viewed alone, the impacts may become cumulatively significant when seen in aggregate or when multiple erosion sources are triggered simultaneously by a large storm. For example, an undersized culvert which becomes plugged of whose capacity is exceeded by storm runoff can cause erosion at the site where it is installed as all or part of the fill crossing is washed out. In addition, streamflow can be diverted from the channel and cause considerable erosion in downslope areas where gullies will form, and in far removed fish-bearing streams where the sediment is finally deposited.
\nIn addition to being spatially displaced from its source, the effect may also be delayed in time. The undersized culvert may not plug or its capacity be exceeded for many years, and the resultant erosion and sedimentation may not occur for decades after the original disturbance. An entire road network, which is not being permanently maintained or whose culverts have been underdesigned, may not reveal significant erosional impacts from road construction until a major storm cause widespread culvert failure, stream crossing erosion and stream diversions. The effects of land use are then additive, occur essentially instantaneously over large areas, and are displaced both spatially and temporally from their source and time of initiation.
\nThe objective of this brief report is to describe how specific land use practices can cause multiple on-site and off-site geomorphic impacts which may become obvious only years following the land use disturbance. Additionally, we will briefly outline how a large percentage of these persistent effects can be avoided entirely by minor changes in road construction techniques.
","largerWorkTitle":"American Geophysical Union Meeting on Cumulative Effects","conferenceTitle":"American Geophysical Union Meeting on Cumulative Effects","language":"English","publisher":"National Council of the Paper Industry for Air and Stream Improvement","publisherLocation":"New York, N.Y.","usgsCitation":"Hagans, D.K., Weaver, W.E., and Madej, M.A., 1986, Long-term on-site and off-site effects of logging and erosion in the Redwood Creek basin, northern California: Technical Bulletin, p. 38-66.","productDescription":"p. 38-66","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":289225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124.41,37.41 ], [ -124.41,42.01 ], [ -117.73,42.01 ], [ -117.73,37.41 ], [ -124.41,37.41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53b286f5e4b07b8813a554d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hagans, Danny K.","contributorId":67806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagans","given":"Danny","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355150,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weaver, William E.","contributorId":94598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":355151,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":355149,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70209667,"text":"70209667 - 1986 - Origin of the Mariano Lake uranium deposit, McKinley County, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-20T17:41:57.154621","indexId":"70209667","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T12:37:57","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Origin of the Mariano Lake uranium deposit, McKinley County, New Mexico","docAbstract":"The Mariano Lake uranium deposit, hosted by the Brushy Basin Member of the Jurassic Morrison Formation, occurs in the Smith Lake district of the Grants uranium region, New Mexico. The orebody, contains abundant amorphous organic material, which suggests that it represents a primary-type deposit; however, the orebody is close to a regional reduction-oxidation interface, which suggests that uranium was secondarily redistributed by oxidative processes.
Uranium contents correlate positively with organic carbon contents. Petrographic evidence points to uranium residence in amorphous organic material that was post- depositionally introduced in the diagenetic history of the host sandstone. Uranium mineralization was preceded by precipitation of pyrite (δ34S values of — 11.0 to — 38.2 per mil), mixed-layer smectite-illite clays, and quartz and potassium feldspar overgrowths; and also partial dissolution of some detrital feldspars. Alterations associated with uranium mineralization include precipitation of the organic material, microcrys- talline quartz, and pyrite and marcasite (δ34S values of -29.4 to -41.6 per mil), and the destruction of detrital Fe-Ti oxide grains. Following mineralization, calcite, dolomite, barite, and kaolinite were precipitated, and some iron disulfides were replaced by ferric oxides.
Geochemical data and petrographic observations both indicate that the Mariano Lake orebody is a primary-type deposit. Oxidative processes have not noticeably redistributed uranium in the immediate vicinity of the deposit, nor have they greatly modified geochemical characteristics in the ore. Impedance of ground-water flow by local folds and the lower porosity characteristics of ore zones may have helped to preserve the deposit.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"A basin analysis case study: The Morrison Formation, Grants Uranium Region, New Mexico","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Petroleum Geologists","doi":"10.1306/St22455C13","usgsCitation":"Fishman, N.S., and Reynolds, R.L., 1986, Origin of the Mariano Lake uranium deposit, McKinley County, New Mexico, chap. of A basin analysis case study: The Morrison Formation, Grants Uranium Region, New Mexico, v. 22 , p. 211-226, https://doi.org/10.1306/St22455C13.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"211","endPage":"226","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":374123,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","county":"McKinley County","otherGeospatial":"Mariano Lake Uranium Deposit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 34.9805024453652\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 34.9805024453652\n ],\n [\n -106.74316406249999,\n 36.39033486213649\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 36.39033486213649\n ],\n [\n -109.0283203125,\n 34.9805024453652\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"22 ","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fishman, Neil S.","contributorId":106464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fishman","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":787448,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reynolds, Richard L. 0000-0002-4572-2942 rreynolds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4572-2942","contributorId":139068,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reynolds","given":"Richard","email":"rreynolds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":787449,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121066,"text":"70121066 - 1986 - 1986 wetland plant list: North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-30T13:57:24","indexId":"70121066","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T12:36:59","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"1986 wetland plant list: North Carolina","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish & Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Reed, P., 1986, 1986 wetland plant list: North Carolina.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":292555,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.3219,33.841 ], [ -84.3219,36.5882 ], [ -75.46,36.5882 ], [ -75.46,33.841 ], [ -84.3219,33.841 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f464c2e4b073ff773a7c8e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, P.B. Jr.","contributorId":87892,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"P.B.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":5222096,"text":"5222096 - 1986 - Cholinesterase activity in black-crowned night-herons exposed to fenthion-treated water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T16:07:48.544759","indexId":"5222096","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T12:19:01","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":887,"text":"Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cholinesterase activity in black-crowned night-herons exposed to fenthion-treated water","docAbstract":"Fenthion, (0,0-Dimethyl0-[3-methyl-4-(methylthio)phenyl] phosphorothioate), a widely used mosquito control agent, has caused wildlife mortality. To simulate a shallow wetland environment, an exposure chamber was used containing water treated with fenthion at 1 and 10 times the field application rate of 112 g active ingredient (AI)/ ha. This system permitted an evaluation of exposure routes and the effects of fenthion in a representative species of wading bird, the black-crowned night-heron (Nycticorax nycticorax). The results suggested that herons received only a dermal exposure, and that their brain acetylcholinesterase activity was not significantly inhibited. In contrast, however, plasma butyrylcholinesterase activity was inhibited, suggesting the herons were exposed to the insecticide. The application rates and types of exposures were not life-threatening in this species.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/BF01055252","usgsCitation":"Smith, G.J., Spann, J.W., and Hill, E.F., 1986, Cholinesterase activity in black-crowned night-herons exposed to fenthion-treated water: Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, v. 15, no. 1, p. 83-86, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF01055252.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"83","endPage":"86","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197640,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dbe4b07f02db5e1007","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Gregory J. gsmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":263871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Gregory","email":"gsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":335497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Spann, James W.","contributorId":27944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spann","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, Elwood F.","contributorId":27115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Elwood","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":335496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70121368,"text":"70121368 - 1986 - Colony site selection and abandonment by least terns Sterna antillarum in New Jersey, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-07T10:54:02","indexId":"70121368","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T10:37:40","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1015,"text":"Biological Conservation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Colony site selection and abandonment by least terns Sterna antillarum in New Jersey, USA","docAbstract":"To develop habitat and management procedures to protect declining populations of least terns, colony site selection and abandonment by this species was investigated at 26 sites in New Jersey. Multivariate analysis was used to compare (1) colony sites to adjacent unused areas, (2) those located on beaches to dredge spoil sites and (3) abandoned to occupied colony sites.
\n\n
The presence of shells or pebbles in a sandy substrate, and short, sparse vegetation, were the habitat characteristics of New Jersey least tern colony sites most strongly correlated with colony site selection. Dredge spoil sites had significantly greater evidence of human disturbance, distance to water, and proportion of coarse particles in the substrate than beach sites. These differences may have contributed to the smaller colonines and greater colony turnover rates at spoil sites relative to beach sites. Overall, abandoned colony site characteristics did not differ significantly from occupied sites. However, human disturbance, over-growth of vegetation, predation, and flooding were all prevalent at colonies prior to abandonment. The results of this study suggest techniques for habitat management of both least and little terns.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Conservation Biology","publisherLocation":"Barking, Essex England","doi":"10.1016/0006-3207(86)90031-5","usgsCitation":"Kotliar, N.B., and Burger, J., 1986, Colony site selection and abandonment by least terns Sterna antillarum in New Jersey, USA: Biological Conservation, v. 37, no. 1, p. 1-21, https://doi.org/10.1016/0006-3207(86)90031-5.","productDescription":"21 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"21","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292753,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/0.1016/0006-3207(86)90031-5"},{"id":292754,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -75.5598,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,41.3574 ], [ -73.9024,38.9286 ], [ -75.5598,38.9286 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"37","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707d0e4b05ec1f2431b83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kotliar, Natasha B.","contributorId":23116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kotliar","given":"Natasha","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burger, Joanna","contributorId":28536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burger","given":"Joanna","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199828,"text":"70199828 - 1986 - Parameters affecting the partition coefficients of organic compounds in solvent-water and lipid-water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-01T10:41:24","indexId":"70199828","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T10:37:23","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Parameters affecting the partition coefficients of organic compounds in solvent-water and lipid-water systems","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Partition and coefficients: Determination and estimation","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamen Press","publisherLocation":"New York","usgsCitation":"Chiou, C.T., and Block, J., 1986, Parameters affecting the partition coefficients of organic compounds in solvent-water and lipid-water systems, chap. of Partition and coefficients: Determination and estimation, p. 37-60.","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"60","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357936,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dunn, W.","contributorId":175375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dunn","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746819,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearlman, R.","contributorId":208344,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearlman","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746820,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Block, J.H.","contributorId":208343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746821,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Chiou, C. T.","contributorId":97080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chiou","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Block, J.H.","contributorId":208343,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Block","given":"J.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":746818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121357,"text":"70121357 - 1986 - Physical Habitat Simulation and the moveable bed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T09:49:12","indexId":"70121357","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T09:47:52","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Physical Habitat Simulation and the moveable bed","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Forum '86: World water issued in evolution","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World water issued in evolution","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., and Bradley, J., 1986, Physical Habitat Simulation and the moveable bed, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292739,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707dfe4b05ec1f2431c06","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bradley, J.B.","contributorId":56162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"J.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70121356,"text":"70121356 - 1986 - Comparison of minimum instream flow needs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-08-21T09:46:19","indexId":"70121356","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T09:44:32","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Comparison of minimum instream flow needs","docAbstract":"No abstract available.","largerWorkTitle":"Water Forum '86: World water issues in evolution","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86 : world water issues in evolution","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Amercian Society of Civil Engineers","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","usgsCitation":"Milhous, R.T., 1986, Comparison of minimum instream flow needs, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":292738,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53f707d6e4b05ec1f2431b95","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milhous, Robert T.","contributorId":28646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milhous","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":498968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70047236,"text":"70047236 - 1986 - An overview of environmental surveillance of waste management activities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-07-26T10:09:53","indexId":"70047236","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T09:33:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"An overview of environmental surveillance of waste management activities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","docAbstract":"The Idaho National Engineering Laboratory (INEL), in southeastern Idaho, is a principal center for nuclear energy development for the Department of Energy (DOE) and the U.S. Nuclear Navy. Fifty-two reactors have been built at the INEL, with 15 still operable.\n\nExtensive environmental surveillance is conducted at the INEL by DOE's Radiological Environmental Sciences Laboratory (RESL), and the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA), EG&G Idaho, Inc., and Westinghouse Idaho Nuclear Company (WINCO). Surveillance of waste management facilities radiation is integrated with the overall INEL Site surveillance program. Air, warer, soil, biota, and environmental radiation are monitored or sampled routinely at INEL.\n\nResults to date indicate very small or no impacts from INEL on the surrounding environment. Environmental surveillance activities are currently underway to address key environmental issues at the INEL.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings for 1986 Waste Management Symposium","conferenceTitle":"Waste Management '86: Waste Isolation in the U.S., Technical Programs and Public Education","conferenceLocation":"Tucson, Arizona","language":"English","publisher":"WM Symposia","usgsCitation":"Smith, T., Chew, E., Hedahl, T., Mann, L., Pointer, T., and Wiersma, G., 1986, An overview of environmental surveillance of waste management activities at the Idaho National Engineering Laboratory, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":275428,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":275427,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.wmsym.org/archives/1986/V1/21.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","otherGeospatial":"Idaho National Engineering Laboratory","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -113.011874,43.48529 ], [ -113.011874,43.580477 ], [ -112.86142,43.580477 ], [ -112.86142,43.48529 ], [ -113.011874,43.48529 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f39a63e4b0a32220222f65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, T.H.","contributorId":11493,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"T.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chew, E.W.","contributorId":21818,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chew","given":"E.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481474,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hedahl, T.G.","contributorId":63700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedahl","given":"T.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mann, L. J.","contributorId":39392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mann","given":"L. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481475,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pointer, T.F.","contributorId":45206,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pointer","given":"T.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wiersma, G.B.","contributorId":8750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiersma","given":"G.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":2002839,"text":"2002839 - 1986 - An evaluation of land use, hydrology, and sediment yield in the Mill Creek watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T14:52:13","indexId":"2002839","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T02:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"seriesNumber":"17","title":"An evaluation of land use, hydrology, and sediment yield in the Mill Creek watershed","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service, Redwood National Park","publisherLocation":"Arcata, CA","usgsCitation":"Madej, M.A., O’Sullivan, C., and Varnum, N., 1986, An evaluation of land use, hydrology, and sediment yield in the Mill Creek watershed: Technical Report 17, 66 p.","productDescription":"66 p.","startPage":"0","endPage":"66","numberOfPages":"66","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199191,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68497e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Madej, Mary Ann 0000-0003-2831-3773 mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2831-3773","contributorId":40304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madej","given":"Mary","email":"mary_ann_madej@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Ann","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":326754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Sullivan, C.","contributorId":101770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Sullivan","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Varnum, N.","contributorId":41551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Varnum","given":"N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":326755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1001644,"text":"1001644 - 1986 - Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 1936-41","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-20T12:26:25","indexId":"1001644","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1153,"text":"California Fish and Game","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 1936-41","docAbstract":"Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) for the 6-yr period 1936-41 is described and compared with a recent (1978-83) period. During the early period 46,987 geese and 76,143 ducks were bagged during 48,610 hunter-visits. Hunting seasons were 30 to 60 d in length. Greater White-fronted Geese Anser albifrons, followed by Northern Pintails Anas acuta, and Cackling Canada Geese Branta canadensis minima were the most important birds in the harvest. Average harvest was 1.0 goose and 1.6 ducks per hunter-visit. A short (30-d) and late hunting season drastically curtailed harvest in 1937. Reduced hunting activity in 1941 was attributed to military mobilization. During the 1978-83 period 34,416 geese and 63,458 ducks were bagged during 69,170 hunter-visits. Hunting seasons during this period were mostly 93 d in length. The most important bird in the harvest was the Mallard A. platyrhynchos, followed by White-fronted Goose and Northern Pintail. Average harvest was 0.5 goose and 0.9 duck per hunter-visit. In general dabbling ducks increased in overall importance while diving ducks decreased between the two periods. Harvest decreased 20.5% while hunter-visits increased 42.3%.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"California Fish and Game","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Gilmer, D., Hicks, J., Bartonek, J., and McCollum, E., 1986, Waterfowl harvest at Tule Lake National Wildlife Refuge, 1936-41: California Fish and Game, v. 72, no. 3, p. 132-143.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"132","endPage":"143","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130314,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.56715393066405,\n 41.828642001860544\n ],\n [\n -121.40579223632812,\n 41.828642001860544\n ],\n [\n -121.40579223632812,\n 41.94927724511655\n ],\n [\n -121.56715393066405,\n 41.94927724511655\n ],\n [\n -121.56715393066405,\n 41.828642001860544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"72","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47e1e4b07f02db4ba0ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilmer, D.S.","contributorId":22270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilmer","given":"D.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hicks, J.M.","contributorId":62544,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hicks","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bartonek, James C.","contributorId":38085,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bartonek","given":"James C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McCollum, E.H.","contributorId":73543,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCollum","given":"E.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":1001273,"text":"1001273 - 1986 - Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:10:42","indexId":"1001273","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","docAbstract":"Approximately 200 bald eagles wintered along a 370-km section of the Platte and North Platte rivers in Nebraska during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80. A preponderance of the wintering eagles were adults, with the adult:subadult ratio highest during the harsh winter of 1978-79. Nocturnal roosts were located primarily in tree plantings near the river, with mean tree age at the roosts ranging from 39 to 84 years. Bald eagles utilized a diverse prey base that included fish, birds, and mammals. Remains of 56 prey species were identified from pellets; 76% of pellets contained birds, 34% mammals, and 11% fish. Eagles foraged principally on fish when ice covered less than 80% of channels and water levels were moderate to low. Waterfowl and mammals dominated the diet when the river was almost entirely frozen or water levels were high. Mallards, eastern cottontails, and carp were the principal avian, mammalian, and piscine prey, respectively. Eagles traveled long distances from the river to feed on field-feeding waterfowl when alternate prey were not available. 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\"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4956e4b07f02db595812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lingle, G.R.","contributorId":26648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lingle","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013689,"text":"1013689 - 1986 - Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: A philosophical perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:20:13.137723","indexId":"1013689","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal 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Many species are exotic (of foreign origin) but most are transplants of native forms. While carelessness and accidental releases have led to establishment of the majority of introduced aquatic organisms, a significant number have been purposefully or intentionally released, often without forethought or research as to their negative impacts on other living resources and habitat. Introductions remain an important tool in fisheries management, but must be conducted on sound ecological bases rather than as expediencies, as has often characterized the past. Strategies are considered in the context of aquatic resource management for reducing risks of future planned introductions to North American waters. Because introduced species do not respect political boundaries, greater interstate, interprovincial, and international cooperation is required regarding introductions.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0030:SFRRFI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Courtenay, W., and Taylor, J., 1986, Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: A philosophical perspective: Fisheries, v. 11, no. 2, p. 30-33, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0030:SFRRFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"30","endPage":"33","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129030,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b11b3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Courtenay, W.R. Jr.","contributorId":41369,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Courtenay","given":"W.R.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Taylor, J.N.","contributorId":36490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003188,"text":"1003188 - 1986 - Environmental fate of mercury discharged into the upper Wisconsin River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-24T15:14:11","indexId":"1003188","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3728,"text":"Water, Air, & Soil Pollution","onlineIssn":"1573-2932","printIssn":"0049-6979","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Environmental fate of mercury discharged into the upper Wisconsin River","docAbstract":"The authors studied the distribution of Hg in sediments, fish, and crayfish in a 60 km reach of the Upper Wisconsin River that formerly received Hg in discharges from pulp and paper mills. The most heavily contaminated strata of sediments were deposited during the 1950s and early 1960s and buried under subsequent deposits; however, surficial sediments remained substantially enriched at certain sites in 1981. Median concentrations of Hg in surficial sediments, adjusted for grain size, were at least 10-fold greater at the main study area than at an upstream reference site. Total concentrations exceeded 1.0 mu g g super(-1) wet weight in axial muscle tissue in only 2 of 173 fish analyzed from the study area; however, historical comparisons revealed that Hg contamination of fish (common carp Cyprinus carpio and walleye Stizostedion vitreum vitreum ) and crayfish (Orconectes ) in the river had not decreased since the early 1970s.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water, Air, and Soil Pollution","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of Wisconsin River Studies Center","doi":"10.1007/BF00149329","usgsCitation":"Rada, R., Findley, J., and Wiener, J., 1986, Environmental fate of mercury discharged into the upper Wisconsin River: Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, v. 29, no. 1, p. 57-76, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00149329.","productDescription":"pp. 57-76","startPage":"57","endPage":"76","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199431,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269928,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00149329"}],"volume":"29","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a13e4b07f02db6023ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rada, R.G.","contributorId":7651,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rada","given":"R.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Findley, J.E.","contributorId":32551,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Findley","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wiener, J.G.","contributorId":44107,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wiener","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014481,"text":"70014481 - 1986 - ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:29","indexId":"70014481","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS.","docAbstract":"The United States was divided into three regions, on the basis of mean annual rainfall, to decrease the variability in storm-runoff constituent loads and to improve regression relations with basin and climatic characteristics. Multiple-regression analyses, in progress, are being refined to determine the best regression models for each of the storm-runoff constituent loads in each of the three regions. These techniques, when finalized, can be used to estimate storm-runoff constituent loads for gaged and ungaged urban watersheds. The preliminary standard errors of estimate for five constituents examined to date ranged from 54 to 223 percent, and the coefficients of determination (r**2) ranged from 0. 39 to 0. 94. Total storm rainfall and total contributing drainage area appear to be the most significant independent variables in the regression models. This paper is a progress report on preliminary results of estimating storm-runoff constituent loads for ungaged watersheds.","conferenceTitle":"Urban Runoff Quality - Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Henniker, NH, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"087262577X","usgsCitation":"Driver, N.E., and Lystrom, D.J., 1986, ESTIMATION OF URBAN STORM-RUNOFF LOADS., Urban Runoff Quality - Impact and Quality Enhancement Technology, Proceedings of an Engineering Foundation Conference., Henniker, NH, USA, p. 122-132.","startPage":"122","endPage":"132","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226225,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0469e4b0c8380cd5097d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A.","contributorId":128383,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Urbonas BenRoesner Larry A.","id":536288,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Driver, Nancy E.","contributorId":67858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Driver","given":"Nancy","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lystrom, David J.","contributorId":101283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lystrom","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1003153,"text":"1003153 - 1986 - An integrated system for treating nitrogen supersaturated water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T15:56:18.635662","indexId":"1003153","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An integrated system for treating nitrogen supersaturated water","docAbstract":"Groundwater is commonly supersaturated with nitrogen and must be treated before it is used for culturing fish–especially sensitive species such as lake trout (Salvelinus namaycush) and Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). We treated water with an integrated system that passed water through a packed column aerator, then through a vacuum degasser, and finally through another packed column aerator (installed as a backup system). Packed‐column aeration prior to vacuum degassing provided increased efficiency because only a small amount of vacuum was required to remove the remaining excess nitrogen, and oxygen levels were not affected by the vacuum degasser. In well water passed through packed columns, nitrogen gas was reduced from 131 to 105% of saturation and oxygen was increased from 23 to 86% of saturation. With a vacuum pressure of 3 in Hg, the degasser further reduced the nitrogen gas from 105 to 99% of saturation, and oxygen saturation remained near 86%. The integrated system provided water in which all gases were near saturation. No effects of gas supersaturation have been observed among the 18 species of cold‐water, coolwater, or warmwater fish that have been cultured in this water.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C281:AISFTN%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Dawson, V.K., and Marking, L.L., 1986, An integrated system for treating nitrogen supersaturated water: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 4, p. 281-284, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C281:AISFTN%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"284","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":134363,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad7e4b07f02db684521","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dawson, V. K.","contributorId":48900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Marking, L. L.","contributorId":90661,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marking","given":"L.","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013754,"text":"1013754 - 1986 - Histological changes in cultured lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, subjected to cumulative loading in a water reuse system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:10","indexId":"1013754","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1169,"text":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Histological changes in cultured lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, subjected to cumulative loading in a water reuse system","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","collaboration":"86-021/NF/FH","usgsCitation":"Meade, J.W., and Herman, R.L., 1986, Histological changes in cultured lake trout, Salvelinus namaycush, subjected to cumulative loading in a water reuse system: Canadian Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, v. 43, no. 1, p. 228-231.","productDescription":"p. 228-231","startPage":"228","endPage":"231","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62eff3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013881,"text":"1013881 - 1986 - Design and application of vacuum degassers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T19:00:57.672346","indexId":"1013881","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Design and application of vacuum degassers","docAbstract":"Designs of vacuum degassers, which alleviate gas supersaturation in hatchery waters, have progressed greatly in recent years. Basic rules of thumb now exist by which the feasibility of vacuum degassers can be determined for particular facilities, and by which complete systems can be designed and built to meet local needs. These rules are presented in the form of step‐by‐step procedures and guidelines directed to practicing hatchery operators. The flexibility of vacuum degasser designs is illustrated for large‐, medium‐, and small‐volume systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C215:DAAOVD%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Fuss, J.T., 1986, Design and application of vacuum degassers: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, p. 215-221, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C215:DAAOVD%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"221","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131749,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667ec1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuss, J. T.","contributorId":37673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013959,"text":"1013959 - 1986 - Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: The federal perspective","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-08T12:17:36.195733","indexId":"1013959","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1657,"text":"Fisheries","onlineIssn":"1548-8446","printIssn":"0363-2415","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: The federal perspective","docAbstract":"The Lacey Act of 1900 and subsequent amendments have provided the basis for existing federal regulations on species introductions. The 1981 version repealed the Black Bass Act and corrected certain insufficiencies in the original Lacey and Black Bass Acts. A 1977 executive order instructs federal agencies, to the extent permitted by law, to restrict the introductions of exotic species into federally owned or controlled lands and waters. The National Environmental Policy Act of 1969 and the Endangered Species Act of 1973 indirectly relate to the stocking of exotic fish. The first requires each federal agency to prepare an environmental impact statement if a proposed action, such as a species introduction, may significantly affect the environment. The second regulation prohibits the importation of endangered or threatened animals, and specific exotic fishes could be in one of these categories. The U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, as part of the Department of Interior's charge, initiated a program in 1977 at Gainesville, Florida, to conduct and coordinate research on non-native fish introduced or considered for stocking into United States waters. Construction of a fishery laboratory and other research facilities began in 1984 and are scheduled for completion in 1987.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0026:SFRRFI>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Clugston, J.P., 1986, Strategies for reducing risks from introductions of aquatic organisms: The federal perspective: Fisheries, v. 11, no. 2, p. 26-29, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8446(1986)011<0026:SFRRFI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"26","endPage":"29","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":132105,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b11ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clugston, James P.","contributorId":11156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clugston","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":319518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1001443,"text":"1001443 - 1986 - Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-11-07T15:44:30.17188","indexId":"1001443","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota","docAbstract":"Seasonal survival of 109 adult female mallards (Anas platyrhynchos) fitted with radio transmitters was evaluated in northcentral Minnesota during 1968-74. Survival rates for the 169-day breeding and postbreeding period were: 1.0 during nest initiation (36 days), 0.798 during incubation (28 days), 0.943 during brood rearing (51 days), 0.947 during molt (26 days), and 1.0 during premigration (28 days). Survival for the 169-day spring-summer period was 0.713 for adult females remaining on the study area. Fall-winter survival was estimated at 0.881 for those adult birds remaining on the study area throughout the summer. The data confirm speculation on relative risk to females of various phases of the mallard reproductive cycle and support previous conclusions that the northcentral Minnesota breeding mallard population is not self sustaining. The value of learning further details of processes affecting specific seasonal mortality factors for both adult and young waterfowl is emphasized.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3801485","usgsCitation":"Kirby, R., and Cowardin, L.M., 1986, Spring and summer survival of female mallards from northcentral Minnesota: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 50, no. 1, p. 38-43, https://doi.org/10.2307/3801485.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"43","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133702,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Chippewa National Forest, northcentral Minnesota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.43855212948581,\n 47.97945086109905\n ],\n [\n -94.43855212948581,\n 47.31104204205181\n ],\n [\n -93.03404030322343,\n 47.31104204205181\n ],\n [\n -93.03404030322343,\n 47.97945086109905\n ],\n [\n -94.43855212948581,\n 47.97945086109905\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"50","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4a22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirby, Ronald E.","contributorId":117972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirby","given":"Ronald E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowardin, Lewis M.","contributorId":34574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowardin","given":"Lewis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":2000113,"text":"2000113 - 1986 - Effects of vegetation manipulation on breeding waterfowl in prairie wetlands--a literature review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-22T08:53:53","indexId":"2000113","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":26,"text":"Fish and Wildlife Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":1}},"seriesNumber":"3","title":"Effects of vegetation manipulation on breeding waterfowl in prairie wetlands--a literature review","docAbstract":"Literature on the effects of fire and grazing on the wetlands used by breeding prairie waterfowl is reviewed. Both dabbling and diving ducks and their broods prefer wetlands with openings in the marsh canopy. Decreased use is commonly associated with decreased habitat heterogeneity caused by tall, robust hydrophytes such as Typha spp. and other species adapted to form monotypes in the absence of disturbance. Nearly all previous studies indicate that reductions in height and density of tall, emergent hydrophytes by fire and grazing (unless very intensive) generally benefit breeding waterfowl. Such benefits are an increase in pair density, probably related to increased interspersion of cover and open water which decreases visibility among conspecific pairs, and improvements in their invertebrate food resources that result from increased habitat heterogeneity. Research needs are great because of the drastic changes that have accrued to prairie wetlands through fire suppression, cultivation, and other factors. The physical and biological environments preferred by species of breeding waterfowl during their seasonal and daily activities should be ascertained from future studies in wetland complexes that exist in the highest state of natural preservation. Long-term burning and grazing experiments should follow on specific vegetatively-degraded wetlands judged to be potentially important breeding areas. Seasonality, frequency, and intensity of treatments should be varied and combined and, in addition to measuring the response of the biotic community, the changes in the physical and chemical environment of the wetlands should be monitored to increase our knowledge of causative factors and possible predictive values.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H., 1986, Effects of vegetation manipulation on breeding waterfowl in prairie wetlands--a literature review: Fish and Wildlife Technical Report 3, 15 p.","productDescription":"15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fdaf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":325108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1013979,"text":"1013979 - 1986 - Review of the intensive culture of walleye fry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:04:12.647165","indexId":"1013979","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of the intensive culture of walleye fry","docAbstract":"Efficient intensive culture of larval walleyes (Stizostedion vitreum) may soon be realized due to results of research on larval development, culture environment, preferred food organisms, and feeding techniques. Larval behavior and morphology (developmental state) can be used as indicators for appropriate handling and feeding techniques. Certain environmental conditions such as a rearing unit color that contrasts with food organisms, water temperatures of 18‐22°C, uniform lighting, and a stocking density of no more than 35,000 fish/m3 reportedly contribute to increased growth and survival. Successful culture requires that suitable food such as cladocerans, copepods, and brine shrimp be continuously available at a high density (0.1 organism/mL). Cannibalism among walleye larvae has not been prevented but has been reduced through the use of suitable fish and food densities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C81:ROTICO%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., and Meade, J.W., 1986, Review of the intensive culture of walleye fry: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 81-89, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C81:ROTICO%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"81","endPage":"89","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a16e4b07f02db603e94","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Meade, J. W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001162,"text":"1001162 - 1986 - Waterfowl nesting on an earth-filled cement culvert","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-16T10:52:42","indexId":"1001162","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Waterfowl nesting on an earth-filled cement culvert","docAbstract":"Abstract has not been submitted","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Higgins, K., Miller, H., and Kirsch, L., 1986, Waterfowl nesting on an earth-filled cement culvert: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 2, p. 115-116.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"115","endPage":"116","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128823,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4be0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Higgins, K.F.","contributorId":55767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Higgins","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, H.W.","contributorId":102825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"H.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kirsch, L.M.","contributorId":43701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirsch","given":"L.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}