{"pageNumber":"1982","pageRowStart":"49525","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68919,"records":[{"id":70015078,"text":"70015078 - 1986 - Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:56","indexId":"70015078","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982","docAbstract":"The Mount St. Helens fumarole gases show linear composition trends during periods of noneruptive degassing between September 1980 and October 1981. The trends are characterized by increasing H2O and decreasing CO2 and sulfur. Maximum fumarole temperatures also show a linear decrease during this period. High-temperature fumarole gases collected from the crater and dome between September 1980 and July 1982 are all H2O-rich (> 90%) with 1-10% CO2 and small amounts of H2S, SO2, H2, CO, HC, and HF. Trace amounts of COS and S2 are present, and occasional observations of minor CH4 appear to result from contamination or low-temperature reactions in sample vessels. The O2 fugacities of the gases remain near Ni-NiO during cooling. The low sulfur content of the gases obviates the need for extensive gas-rock oxygen exchange to maintain fO2's near Ni-NiO. A detailed thermodynamic analysis of 50 gas samples collected between September 1980 and December 1981 led to improved compositions for 22 samples. The gases were initially in a state of equilibrium, but disequilibrium modifications from atmospheric oxidation of H2 and, to a lesser extent, CO occurred within the upper portions of the fumarole vents. The last temperatures of equilibrium for the fumarole gases range from 800??C to 650??C and are nearly always higher than the collection temperatures. No evidence was found of disequilibrium admixture of surface waters; if such modifications of the fumarole gases occurred, the water must have been added at depth and have reequilibrated with the other gas species at magmatic or near-magmatic temperatures. The highest quality analytical data are obtained by field gas chromatograph measurements and from caustic soda bottle samples. Samples collected in evacuated bottles or by pumping through double stopcock tubes tend to be severely deficient in sulfur due to post-collection reactions between H2S and SO2. It is also necessary to infer the water content of the latter samples. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., and Casadevall, T.J., 1986, Evaluation of gas data from high-temperature fumaroles at Mount St. Helens, 1980-1982: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 107-140.","startPage":"107","endPage":"140","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0c77e4b0c8380cd52b6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014951,"text":"70014951 - 1986 - Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:40:00","indexId":"70014951","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>A recurring difficulty encountered in investigations of many metals and organic contaminants in ambient waters is that a substantial portion of water sample concentrations are below limits of detection established by analytical laboratories. Several methods were evaluated for estimating distributional parameters for such censored data sets using only uncensored observations. Their reliabilities were evaluated by a Monte Carlo experiment in which small samples were generated from a wide range of parent distributions and censored at varying levels. Eight methods were used to estimate the mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. Criteria were developed, based on the distribution of uncensored observations, for determining the best performing parameter estimation method for any particular data set. The most robust method for minimizing error in censored-sample estimates of the four distributional parameters over all simulation conditions was the log-probability regression method. With this method, censored observations are assumed to follow the zero-to-censoring level portion of a lognormal distribution obtained by a least squares regression between logarithms of uncensored concentration observations and their&nbsp;</span><i>z</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>scores. When method performance was separately evaluated for each distributional parameter over all simulation conditions, the log-probability regression method still had the smallest errors for the mean and standard deviation, but the lognormal maximum likelihood method had the smallest errors for the median and interquartile range. When data sets were classified prior to parameter estimation into groups reflecting their probable parent distributions, the ranking of estimation methods was similar, but the accuracy of error estimates was markedly improved over those without classification.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i002p00135","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., and Helsel, D., 1986, Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i002p00135.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b83e4b0c8380cd52761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1014298,"text":"1014298 - 1986 - Increased walleye egg hatch and larval survival after protease treatment of eggs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-30T18:36:55.363138","indexId":"1014298","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Increased walleye egg hatch and larval survival after protease treatment of eggs","docAbstract":"<p><span>Various techniques for eliminating the clumping of newly spawned walleye eggs (Stizostedion vitreum) were evaluated by measuring hatch, growth, and survival. Percent hatch was highest (83%) in egg groups water hardened in 0.01% protease solution. Other water‐hardening techniques tested were: (1) continuous stirring; (2) 250 mg/L tannic acid solution; and (3) bentonite clay suspension. Low hatching percentages for eggs continuously stirred or treated with bentonite were attributed to fungus. Fungus was minimal on eggs treated with protease or tannic acid. Fish hatched from each egg treatment group were intensively cultured for 21 d in one of four rearing environments: (1) well water; (2) well water receiving 1% sea salt for the initial 3 d; (3) well water receiving a 6‐mL daily addition of antifoam emulsion for the initial 9 d; or (4) well water receiving both the 1% sea salt and antifoam treatments. There was slightly higher survival in larval fish hatched from eggs treated with protease or tannic acid and reared in well water containing 1% sea salt. We observed no differences in average fish length among the test groups.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C95:IWEHAL%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., Bulkowski-Cummings, L., Shellman, A., Kraus, K.A., and Gould, R.W., 1986, Increased walleye egg hatch and larval survival after protease treatment of eggs: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 95-100, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C95:IWEHAL%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"95","endPage":"100","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":131927,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f5612","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bulkowski-Cummings, L.","contributorId":54149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bulkowski-Cummings","given":"L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shellman, A.D.","contributorId":11998,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shellman","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320144,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kraus, K. A.","contributorId":84707,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kraus","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320148,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gould, R. W.","contributorId":67054,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gould","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":320147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014948,"text":"70014948 - 1986 - System optimization for the automatic simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony, using hydride generation introduction to an inductively coupled plasma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:22:20.126796","indexId":"70014948","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"System optimization for the automatic simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony, using hydride generation introduction to an inductively coupled plasma","docAbstract":"<p><span>A fixed-size simplex has been used to determine the optimum conditions for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony by hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The variables selected for the simplex were carrier gas flow rate, rf power, viewing height, and reagent conditions. The detection limit for selenium was comparable to the preoptimized case, but there were twofold and fourfold improvements in the detection limits for arsenic and antimony, respectively. Precision of the technique was assessed with the use of artificially prepared water samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1366/0003702864509376","usgsCitation":"Pyen, G.S., Long, S., and Browner, R.F., 1986, System optimization for the automatic simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony, using hydride generation introduction to an inductively coupled plasma: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 40, no. 2, p. 246-251, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702864509376.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafb3e4b0c8380cd87737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyen, Grace S.","contributorId":73754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyen","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Stephen","contributorId":34270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browner, Richard F.","contributorId":19711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":1013681,"text":"1013681 - 1986 - Growth of tiger muskellunge fed different amounts of protein at three water temperatures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-07-29T16:00:49.369543","indexId":"1013681","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3196,"text":"Progressive Fish-Culturist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Growth of tiger muskellunge fed different amounts of protein at three water temperatures","docAbstract":"<p><span>Growth rates of tiger muskellunge (muskellunge Esox masquinongy ♀ x northern pike E. lucius ♂) fed diets containing 35, 45, or 55% crude protein for 5 weeks at 17, 20, or 23°C were compared. Fish fed diets containing 45 or 55% protein grew faster at all temperatures than those fed 35% protein. Growth of tiger muskellunge fed a diet containing either 45 or 55% protein did not increase significantly at optimum growth temperatures (20 or 23°C). At 17°C, below the optimum temperature range, growth did increase when the percentage of protein in the diet was increased.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C101:GOTMFD%3E2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Lemm, C.A., and Rottiers, D.V., 1986, Growth of tiger muskellunge fed different amounts of protein at three water temperatures: Progressive Fish-Culturist, v. 48, no. 2, p. 101-106, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8640(1986)48%3C101:GOTMFD%3E2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"101","endPage":"106","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129693,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"48","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db655412","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lemm, C. A.","contributorId":42162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lemm","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rottiers, D. V.","contributorId":49301,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rottiers","given":"D.","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":47705,"text":"wri854132 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Daytona Beach 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T22:33:46.927414","indexId":"wri854132","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4132","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Daytona Beach 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854132","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M.E., and Seaber, P.R., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Daytona Beach 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4132, 1 Plate: 39.22 x 22.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854132.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.22 x 22.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169862,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84614,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4132/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423462,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36295.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Daytona Beach quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bed7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, Martha E.","contributorId":68315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015079,"text":"70015079 - 1986 - Role of aquitards in hydrogeochemical systems: A synopsis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:00:03","indexId":"70015079","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Role of aquitards in hydrogeochemical systems: A synopsis","docAbstract":"Aquitards exert significant influence on the hydrogeochemistry of aquifer systems. This influence is manifested somewhat differently depending on the relative position of aquitards within a system. In the deeper regimes, they are influential in the origin and distribution of brines and the development of geopressured zones. In intermediate regimes, they form multi-layered aquifer systems and provide a source of reactive minerals and exchangeable ions. In shallow regimes, aquitards can influence the topography and drainage patterns; this influences the relationship between the water table and the potentiometric surface of confined aquifers, controls the rates of infiltration and discharge, and controls whether the geochemical system is open or closed to exchange of carbon dioxide gas. In coastal areas, aquitards can determine the depth of the saltwater-freshwater interface, its distance from the shoreline, and the position of the mixing zone that causes geochemical alteration of minerals and development of porosity. ?? 1986.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90027-2","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Back, W., 1986, Role of aquitards in hydrogeochemical systems: A synopsis: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 3, p. 427-437, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90027-2.","productDescription":"11 p. ","startPage":"427","endPage":"437","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223634,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aae3fe4b0c8380cd8705b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015094,"text":"70015094 - 1986 - Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:30:11","indexId":"70015094","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many parts of the Great Basin have thick zones of unsaturated alluvium which might be suitable for disposing of high-level radioactive wastes. A mathematical model accounting for the coupled transport of energy, water (vapor and liquid), and dry air was used to analyze one-dimensional, vertical transport above and below an areally extensive repository. Numerical simulations were conducted for a hypothetical repository containing spent nuclear fuel and located 100 m below land surface. Initial steady state downward water fluxes of zero (hydrostatic) and 0.0003 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>were considered in an attempt to bracket the likely range in natural water flux. Predicted temperatures within the repository peaked after approximately 50 years and declined slowly thereafter in response to the decreasing intensity of the radioactive heat source. The alluvium near the repository experienced a cycle of drying and rewetting in both cases. The extent of the dry zone was strongly controlled by the mobility of liquid water near the repository under natural conditions. In the case of initial hydrostatic conditions, the dry zone extended approximately 10 m above and 15 m below the repository. For the case of a natural flux of 0.0003 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>the relative permeability of water near the repository was initially more than 30 times the value under hydrostatic conditions, consequently the dry zone extended only about 2 m above and 5 m below the repository. In both cases a significant perturbation in liquid saturation levels persisted for several hundred years. This analysis illustrates the extreme sensitivity of model predictions to initial conditions and parameters, such as relative permeability and moisture characteristic curves, that are often poorly known.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i005p00765","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 1986, Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 5, p. 765-775, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i005p00765.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"775","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf58e4b0c8380cd8753a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47713,"text":"wri854141 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Tampa 1° x 2° quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-13T19:27:38.576693","indexId":"wri854141","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4141","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Tampa 1° x 2° quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854141","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M.E., and Seaber, P.R., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Tampa 1° x 2° quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4141, 1 Plate: 18.07 x 39.63 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854141.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 18.07 x 39.63 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423516,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36304.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84622,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4141/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169931,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Tampa quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -83,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -83,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              26\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -83,\n              28\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bf0c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, Martha E.","contributorId":68315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70176056,"text":"70176056 - 1986 - The Edwards aquifer, extremely productive, but....a sole-source water supply for San Antonio and surrounding counties in south-central Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-24T11:42:20","indexId":"70176056","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":2,"text":"State or Local Government Series"},"title":"The Edwards aquifer, extremely productive, but....a sole-source water supply for San Antonio and surrounding counties in south-central Texas","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Edwards Underground Water District","usgsCitation":"Burchett, C., Rettman, P., and Boning, C., 1986, The Edwards aquifer, extremely productive, but....a sole-source water supply for San Antonio and surrounding counties in south-central Texas, 38 p.","productDescription":"38 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":327793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57c6b183e4b0f2f0cebe7050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burchett, C.R.","contributorId":52170,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burchett","given":"C.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rettman, P.L.","contributorId":60663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rettman","given":"P.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boning, C.W.","contributorId":31021,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boning","given":"C.W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":646951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015058,"text":"70015058 - 1986 - HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THE UPPER POTOMAC ESTUARY.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:00","indexId":"70015058","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THE UPPER POTOMAC ESTUARY.","docAbstract":"Hydrodynamics of the upper extent of the Potomac Estuary between Indian Head and Morgantown, Md. , are simulated using a two-dimensional model. The model computes water-surface elevations and depth-averaged velocities by numerically integrating finite-difference forms of the equations of mass and momentum conservation using the alternating direction implicit method. The fundamental, non-linear, unsteady-flow equations, upon which the model is formulated, include additional terms to account for Coriolis acceleration and meteorological influences. Preliminary model/prototype data comparisons show agreement to within 9% for tidal flow volumes and phase differences within the measured-data-recording interval. Use of the model to investigate the hydrodynamics and certain aspects of transport within this Potomac Estuary reach is demonstrated. Refs.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Schaffranck, R.W., 1986, HYDRODYNAMIC SIMULATION OF THE UPPER POTOMAC ESTUARY., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 1572-1581.","startPage":"1572","endPage":"1581","numberOfPages":"10","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224129,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2e8ce4b0c8380cd5c64d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schaffranck, Raymond W.","contributorId":72137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schaffranck","given":"Raymond","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369960,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":1003091,"text":"1003091 - 1986 - Effects of barge traffic on distribution and survival of ichthyoplankton and small fishes in the upper Mississippi River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T17:15:26.074172","indexId":"1003091","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of barge traffic on distribution and survival of ichthyoplankton and small fishes in the upper Mississippi River","docAbstract":"<p><span id=\"_mce_caret\" data-mce-bogus=\"1\" data-mce-type=\"format-caret\"><span>Short‐term impacts of commercial barge traffic on fish eggs, larvae, young‐of‐the‐year (age‐0) fishes, and small adults in the main channel of the upper Mississippi River were examined. Barge passages caused significant changes in the distribution of eggs and larvae in the study area. The mean catch of ichthyoplankton was reduced in both surface and bottom waters for 90 min after passage of vessels (generally loaded barges) downstream. The effects of upstream traffic (unloaded barges) on catch ranged from nil in surface or bottom samples to short‐term increases in surface samples immediately after passage. No consistent effect on the catch of age‐0 or small adult fishes in surface or bottom trawls was evident. Physical damage to eggs, but not to larvae or small fish, was significant.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<162:EOBTOD>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Holland, L.E., 1986, Effects of barge traffic on distribution and survival of ichthyoplankton and small fishes in the upper Mississippi River: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 115, no. 1, p. 162-165, https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659(1986)115<162:EOBTOD>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"162","endPage":"165","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129781,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"upper Mississippi River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -93.37801310061406,\n              45.06033881895186\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.64999389912731,\n              43.70137951750419\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.2890153531367,\n              42.851312836530326\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.50758608272973,\n              41.85324820730975\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20135488829325,\n              41.53781913443471\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.77522401745284,\n              40.34745282987291\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.71199006050338,\n              36.65511753571751\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.74797516915123,\n              36.632060619570055\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.93627853112426,\n              40.417369703828115\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.94786651264764,\n              42.387348854679026\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.74828894057998,\n              42.900480433629426\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.1902287919148,\n              43.91279772937314\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.7846951224142,\n              45.37342784127489\n            ],\n            [\n              -93.37801310061406,\n              45.06033881895186\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"115","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db6248e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland, L. E.","contributorId":104853,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland","given":"L.","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":312742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":47707,"text":"wri854135 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Jacksonville 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T22:33:22.245395","indexId":"wri854135","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4135","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Jacksonville 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854135","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M.E., and Seaber, P.R., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Jacksonville 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4135, 1 Plate: 39.06 x 22.29 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854135.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.06 x 22.29 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":423463,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36298.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":84616,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4135/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169864,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Jacksonville quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              30\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              31\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              31\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63beee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, Martha E.","contributorId":68315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":47708,"text":"wri854136 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Key West 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T22:32:54.349562","indexId":"wri854136","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4136","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Key West 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854136","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M.E., and Seaber, P.R., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Key West 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4136, 1 Plate: 39.74 x 22.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854136.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.74 x 22.44 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":169865,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":84617,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4136/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":423464,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36299.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Key West quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80,\n              25\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.22030815771012,\n              25\n            ],\n            [\n              -83.22030815771012,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              24\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              25\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bef3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, Martha E.","contributorId":68315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":47710,"text":"wri854138 - 1986 - Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Orlando 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-12T22:38:29.989881","indexId":"wri854138","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4138","title":"Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Orlando 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854138","usgsCitation":"Thagard, M.E., and Seaber, P.R., 1986, Location of potential ground-water quality monitoring wells, Orlando 1° by 2° quadrangle, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4138, 1 Plate: 39.62 x 22.53 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854138.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 39.62 x 22.53 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":84619,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4138/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":169867,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":423466,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36301.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Orlando quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              28\n            ],\n            [\n              -80,\n              29\n            ],\n            [\n              -82,\n              29\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63befc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thagard, Martha E.","contributorId":68315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thagard","given":"Martha","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Seaber, Paul R.","contributorId":67492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seaber","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":236054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":95241,"text":"95241 - 1986 - Managing water heating costs for intensive culture of tiger muskellunge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"95241","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Managing water heating costs for intensive culture of tiger muskellunge","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing Muskies: A Treatise on the Biology and Propagation of Muskellunge in North America : Special Publication 15","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"87-056/NF","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., and Fuss, J.T., 1986, Managing water heating costs for intensive culture of tiger muskellunge, chap. <i>of</i> Managing Muskies: A Treatise on the Biology and Propagation of Muskellunge in North America : Special Publication 15, p. 352-356.","productDescription":"p. 352-356","startPage":"352","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac21","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hall, C.E.","contributorId":113744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuss, J. T.","contributorId":37673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014493,"text":"70014493 - 1986 - Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:12:19","indexId":"70014493","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1425,"text":"Earth Surface Processes and Landforms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia","docAbstract":"<div class=\"abstract-group\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>The Mill Run watershed is a structurally‐controlled synclinal basin on the eastern limb of the Massanutten Mountain complex of northwestern Virginia. Bedrock contacts are obscured by coarse sandstone debris from exposures near basin divides. Colluvium blankets more than half the basin, masking geomorphic surfaces, affecting vegetation patterns, and contributing to the convexity of the alluvial, terrace, pediment and erosion surfaces. Examination of the bedrock geology, geomorphology, soils and vegetation shows distinct distributional correspondences. Vegetation is strongly interdependent with geomorphology, bedrock geology, and soils. On convex colluvial slopes, mixed hardwood forests are most common. In concave coves and deep gorges, mixed hardwoods are replaced by conifers. In thin colluvium, in poorly developed soils, and on blockfields, chestnut oak is singularly prevalent. Conifers dominate shaley bedrock areas. Soils and surficial sediments have a major effect on near‐surface hydrology. During wet seasons, cemented horizons in the subsurface cause temporary saturation in the superjacent horizons; lateral movement of soil‐water effectively eliminates a vertical component of ground‐water recharge. Vegetation is strongly dependent on water availability and thus reflects the distribution of subsurface barriers and sediment‐soil fades changes.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/esp.3290110605","usgsCitation":"Olson, C., and Hupp, C., 1986, Coincidence and spatial variability of geology, soils, and vegetation, Mill Run watershed, Virginia: Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, v. 11, no. 6, p. 619-629, https://doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290110605.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"619","endPage":"629","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225382,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269255,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/esp.3290110605"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia ","otherGeospatial":"Mill Run watershed ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.1787109375,\n              37.204081555898526\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22314453125,\n              37.204081555898526\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.22314453125,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1787109375,\n              38.8225909761771\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.1787109375,\n              37.204081555898526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2006-07-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f7a4e4b0c8380cd4cc15","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, C.G.","contributorId":13743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"C.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, C.R. 0000-0003-1853-9197","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1853-9197","contributorId":78775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"C.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":1001273,"text":"1001273 - 1986 - Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-03-27T07:10:42","indexId":"1001273","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Winter ecology of bald eagles in southcentral Nebraska","docAbstract":"Approximately 200 bald eagles wintered along a 370-km section of the Platte and North Platte rivers in Nebraska during the winters of 1978-79 and 1979-80. A preponderance of the wintering eagles were adults, with the adult:subadult ratio highest during the harsh winter of 1978-79. Nocturnal roosts were located primarily in tree plantings near the river, with mean tree age at the roosts ranging from 39 to 84 years. Bald eagles utilized a diverse prey base that included fish, birds, and mammals. Remains of 56 prey species were identified from pellets; 76% of pellets contained birds, 34% mammals, and 11% fish. Eagles foraged principally on fish when ice covered less than 80% of channels and water levels were moderate to low. Waterfowl and mammals dominated the diet when the river was almost entirely frozen or water levels were high. Mallards, eastern cottontails, and carp were the principal avian, mammalian, and piscine prey, respectively. Eagles traveled long distances from the river to feed on field-feeding waterfowl when alternate prey were not available. 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 \"}}]}","volume":"18","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4956e4b07f02db595812","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lingle, G.R.","contributorId":26648,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lingle","given":"G.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Krapu, Gary L.","contributorId":56994,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krapu","given":"Gary L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":310782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014844,"text":"70014844 - 1986 - Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-04-18T15:59:49.859181","indexId":"70014844","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays","docAbstract":"<p><span>The manganese concentration in the Arundel clay formation, Prince Georges County, Maryland, was determined from a borehole by using delayed neutron activation. The neutrons were produced by a 100 mu g&nbsp;</span><sup>252</sup><span>&nbsp;Cf source. The 847 keV gamma ray of manganese was detected continuously, and its counting rate was measured at intervals of 15 s as the measuring sonde was moved at a rate of 0.5 cm/s. The technique measured the concentration ratio of manganese to aluminum. This ratio, when combined with an estimate of the aluminum concentration of the clay, made it possible to determine the percentage concentration of manganese without using a test-pit calibration facility. The measurements were made by using an NaI(Tl) scintillation detector and a Ge(HP) solid-state detector cooled by solid propane. A two-pass technique had to be used with the scintillation detector because Compton background from the 1 779 keV photopeak of aluminum masked the manganese line. The Compton background did not interfere when the solid-state detector was used. The borehole measurements compared favorably with a chemical core analysis and were unaffected by water in the borehole.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442075","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Mikesell, J., Senftle, F.E., Lloyd, T., Tanner, A., Merritt, C., and Force, E.R., 1986, Borehole field calibration and measurement of low-concentration manganese by decay gamma rays: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 12, p. 2219-2224, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442075.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"2219","endPage":"2224","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225600,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f217e4b0c8380cd4afd5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mikesell, J.L.","contributorId":46113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mikesell","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369428,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Senftle, F. E.","contributorId":47788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senftle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369429,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lloyd, T.A.","contributorId":6600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lloyd","given":"T.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tanner, A.B.","contributorId":44155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"A.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369427,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Merritt, C.T.","contributorId":63966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merritt","given":"C.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369430,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70194908,"text":"70194908 - 1986 - Beatty, Nevada: A section in <i>U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)</i>","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70194908,"text":"70194908 - 1986 - Beatty, Nevada: A section in <i>U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)</i>","indexId":"70194908","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"Beatty, Nevada: A section in <i>U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)</i>"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":26820,"text":"wri874009 - 1986 - U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985","indexId":"wri874009","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":26820,"text":"wri874009 - 1986 - U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985","indexId":"wri874009","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"title":"U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985"},"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-29T14:59:05","indexId":"70194908","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Beatty, Nevada: A section in <i>U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)</i>","docAbstract":"<p>A commercial low-level radioactive-waste disposal site has been operating near Beatty, Nevada, about 150 km northwest of Las Vegas, since 1962. The 32-ha site is situated in a desolate region of the Amargosa River Valley, sometimes referred to as the Amargosa Desert. Average annual precipitation is only about 114 mm. The site is underlain by 175 m of unconsolidated, generally coarse-grained, alluvial-fan and flood-plain deposits. The water table is at a depth of 90 m.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Fischer, J., and Nichols, W., 1986, Beatty, Nevada: A section in <i>U.S. Geological Survey research in radioactive waste disposal - Fiscal years 1983, 1984, and 1985 (WRI 87-4009)</i>, 2 p.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"87","endPage":"88","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":350755,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":350754,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1987/4009/report.pdf#page=93"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","city":"Beatty","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa Desert","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a7040dae4b06e28e9cae50b","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Dinwiddie, G.A.","contributorId":49798,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinwiddie","given":"G.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726087,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trask, N.J.","contributorId":31729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trask","given":"N.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726088,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":726085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, William D.","contributorId":98296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"William D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":726086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70043706,"text":"70043706 - 1986 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T14:43:39","indexId":"70043706","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of books and maps published between 1971 and 1981. It supplements the past permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\" and \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970.\" It also lists those reports in the 1879-1961 and 1962-70 catalogs that are out of stock and NO LONGER AVAILABLE.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043706","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 1276 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043706.","productDescription":"v, 1276 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":332927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043706/report_v2.pdf","text":"Volume 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":272663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043706/report.pdf","text":"Volume 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":267642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043706/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad62e4b0b6328103b4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014858,"text":"70014858 - 1986 - Danburite in evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-05-21T11:09:12.65241","indexId":"70014858","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2450,"text":"Journal of Sedimentary Petrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Danburite in evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah.","docAbstract":"<div><div id=\"12459190\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Danburite (CaB<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>Si<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>O<span>&nbsp;</span><sub>8</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>) has been found as nodules in Pennsylvanian age marine evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah. Originally danburite had been known as a high-temperature mineral that occurs at numerous localities in igneous and metamorphic rocks. Since its discovery in water-insoluble residues from a Louisiana salt dome in 1937, it has been found in several other evaporites. The occurrence of danburite and its relation to the host rock in the Paradox basin evaporites indicates that it most likely formed by diagenetic reaction of boron-rich, high-salinity brines with constituents in the anhydrite host rock.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.1306/212F88D2-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D","issn":"00224472","usgsCitation":"Raup, O.B., and Madsen, B., 1986, Danburite in evaporites of the Paradox basin, Utah.: Journal of Sedimentary Petrology, v. 56, no. 2, p. 248-251, https://doi.org/10.1306/212F88D2-2B24-11D7-8648000102C1865D.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225734,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"56","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd61e4b0c8380cd4e7e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Raup, O. B.","contributorId":19175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Raup","given":"O.","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madsen, B.M.","contributorId":26312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madsen","given":"B.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014541,"text":"70014541 - 1986 - Palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-03-20T15:49:55","indexId":"70014541","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3275,"text":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Analysis of the sediment of Pecks Lake, Yavapai County, Arizona, has permitted the first reported palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in the American Southwest. The palynological evidence is supported by the comparison of modern and historical photographs, which shows the regional expansion of pinyon-juniper woodland, and the local increase of mesquite and creosote bush. A gradual increase in juniper pollen percentages began over 2000 years ago, but the rate of increase abruptly accelerated after the historic introduction of grazing animals. In contrast, juniper percentages did not increase during a prehistoric interval of intense disturbance by humans, about A.D. 1200, and a different weed flora was present. Prehistorically, water depth was greatest at ca. 600 B.C. and was lowest just prior to the arrival of Europeans. Regional climate has gradually cooled since the beginning of the record at 2630 B.P. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/0034-6667(86)90026-6","issn":"00346667","usgsCitation":"Davis, O., and Turner, R.M., 1986, Palynological evidence for the historic expansion of juniper and desert shrubs in Arizona, U.S.A.: Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, v. 49, no. 3-4, p. 177-193, https://doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90026-6.","startPage":"177","endPage":"193","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":269794,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0034-6667(86)90026-6"},{"id":226028,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"49","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a748ee4b0c8380cd776d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, O.K.","contributorId":83680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"O.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, R. M.","contributorId":62585,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015067,"text":"70015067 - 1986 - Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:34:25","indexId":"70015067","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal","docAbstract":"Concentrations of U, Th and Pb, and the isotopic composition of Pb for whole-rock samples of granitoids show: (1) that open-system behavior is nearly universal in the surface and near-surface environment; and (2) that elemental mobility is possible to depths of several hundred meters. Several identified or at least postulated factors that control U and/or Pb mobility include: (1) the mineralogical sites for U and its daughter products; (2) access of groundwater to these sites; (3) the volume of circulating water; and (4) the chemistry of the groundwater. Studies of granitic samples from peralkaline complexes in the Arabian Shield have shown that most samples lost less than 20% of their U during recent exposure to the near-surface environment. Most of the U in these samples appears to be firmly bound in zircons. In contrast, most surface and shallow drill-core samples of the granite of Lankin Dome (Granite Mountains, Wyoming) have lost ??? 70% of their U. Most of the U in these samples is weakly bound in biotite and epidote-family minerals. The granite recovered during the Illinois Deep Drill Hole Project (Stephenson County, Illinois) is mineralogically similar to the granite of Lankin Dome, but this granite lost radiogenic Pb rather than U, probably as a result of exposure to groundwater that had a markedly different chemistry from that in the Granite Mountains. Studies of the Sherman Granite (Wyoming) and the Go??temar Granite (southeastern Sweden) have shown that U and/or Pb mobility is greatest in and near fractured rock. The greater mobility is interpreted to be the result of both a larger water/rock ratio in the fractured rock and exposure to water over an increased surface area (and consequently a greater number of uranium sites). Several types of geochemical and mineralogic data can be used to identify rock-water interaction in granites; however, if rock samples have favorable radiogenic to common Pb ratios, both the amount and approximate timing of U or Pb mobility can be obtained through the use of isotopic studies. Such information can be extremely important in the search for favorable hosts for containment of radioactive waste. Rocks such as the Go??temar Granite have undergone considerable rock-water interaction, most of which occurred ??? 400 Myr. ago and little in recent times. Thus a search for zones that have experienced only a little interaction with water may provide a misleading prediction as to the ability of such zones to shield radioactive wastes from the modern biosphere. From an isotopic point of view, an ideal candidate for evaluation as a host rock for radioactive wastes would have the following characteristics: (1) a high ratio (> 2) of radiogenic to common Pb in order to optimize precision of the results; (2) a simple two-stage geologic history so that results could be interpreted without multiple working hypotheses; and (3) an originally high percentage (> 50%) of labile U so that the results would be highly sensitive to even small amount of rock-water interaction. These characteristics should produce rocks with marked radioactive disequilibrium in surface samples. The disequilibrium should grade to radioactive equilibrium with increasing depth until zones in which water has not circulated are found. Extensive regions of such zones must exist because UThPb systematics of most analyzed granitoids demonstrate closed-system behavior for almost all of their history except for their recent history in the near-surface environment. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., 1986, Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal: Chemical Geology, v. 55, no. 3-4, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266101,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2"},{"id":224287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc5e4b0c8380cd49494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014543,"text":"70014543 - 1986 - Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-20T09:16:22","indexId":"70014543","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater","docAbstract":"<p><span>The feasibility of using the transient electromagnetic sounding (TS or TDEM) method for groundwater exploration can be studied by means of numerical models. As examples of its applicability to groundwater exploration, we study four groundwater exploration problems: (1) mapping of alluvial fill and gravel zones over bedrock; (2) mapping of sand and gravel lenses in till; (3) detection of salt or brackish water interfaces in freshwater aquifers; and (4) determination of hydrostratigraphy. These groundwater problems require determination of the depth to bedrock; location of resistive, high‐porosity zones associated with fresh water; determination of formation resistivity to assess water quality; and determination of lithology and geometry, respectively. The TS method is best suited for locating conductive targets, and has very good vertical resolution. Unlike other sounding techniques where the receiver‐transmitter array must be expanded to sound more deeply, the depth of investigation for the TS method is a function of the length of time the transient is recorded. Present equipment limitations require that exploration targets with resistivities of 50 Ω ⋅ m or more be at least 50 m deep to determine their resistivity. The maximum depth of exploration is controlled by the geoelectrical section and background electromagnetic (EM) noise. For a particular exploration problem, numerical studies are recommended to determine if the target is detectable.</span><br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Exploration Geophysicists","doi":"10.1190/1.1442158","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Fitterman, D.V., and Stewart, M.T., 1986, Transient electromagnetic sounding for groundwater: Geophysics, v. 51, no. 4, p. 995-1005, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442158.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"995","endPage":"1005","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"51","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb6fce4b08c986b326fb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fitterman, David V. dfitterman@usgs.gov","contributorId":1106,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fitterman","given":"David","email":"dfitterman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stewart, Mark T.","contributorId":200593,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
]}