{"pageNumber":"1983","pageRowStart":"49550","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184644,"records":[{"id":5224954,"text":"5224954 - 2009 - Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-07T14:21:01","indexId":"5224954","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts","docAbstract":"Point counts are used widely to index bird populations. Variation in the proportion of birds counted is a known source of error, and for robust inference it has been advocated that counts be converted to estimates of absolute population size. We used simulation to assess nine methods for the conduct and analysis of point counts when the data included distance-related heterogeneity of individual detection probability. Distance from the observer is a ubiquitous source of heterogeneity, because nearby birds are more easily detected than distant ones. Several recent methods (dependent double-observer, time of first detection, time of detection, independent multiple-observer, and repeated counts) do not account for distance-related heterogeneity, at least in their simpler forms. We assessed bias in estimates of population size by simulating counts with fixed radius w over four time intervals (occasions). Detection probability per occasion was modeled as a half-normal function of distance with scale parameter sigma and intercept g(0) = 1.0. Bias varied with sigma/w; values of sigma inferred from published studies were often <25 m, which suggests a bias of >50% for a 100-m fixed-radius count. More critically, the bias of adjusted counts sometimes varied more than that of unadjusted counts, and inference from adjusted counts would be less robust. The problem was not solved by using mixture models or including distance as a covariate. Conventional distance sampling performed well in simulations, but its assumptions are difficult to meet in the field. We conclude that no existing method allows effective estimation of population size from point counts.","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2009.07197","usgsCitation":"Efford, M.G., and Dawson, D.K., 2009, Effect of distance-related heterogeneity on population size estimates from point counts: The Auk, v. 126, no. 1, p. 100-111, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"100","endPage":"111","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476007,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2009.07197","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":202124,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"126","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db6257c1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Efford, Murray G.","contributorId":91616,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Efford","given":"Murray","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dawson, Deanna K. ddawson@usgs.gov","contributorId":1257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dawson","given":"Deanna","email":"ddawson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":5220746,"text":"5220746 - 2009 - Dynamic models for problems of species occurrence with multiple states","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T16:21:56.933432","indexId":"5220746","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:36","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dynamic models for problems of species occurrence with multiple states","docAbstract":"

Recent extensions of occupancy modeling have focused not only on the distribution of species over space, but also on additional state variables (e.g., reproducing or not, with or without disease organisms, relative abundance categories) that provide extra information about occupied sites. These biologist-driven extensions are characterized by ambiguity in both species presence and correct state classification, caused by imperfect detection. We first show the relationships between independently published approaches to the modeling of multistate occupancy. We then extend the pattern-based modeling to the case of sampling over multiple seasons or years in order to estimate state transition probabilities associated with system dynamics. The methodology and its potential for addressing relevant ecological questions are demonstrated using both maximum likelihood (occupancy and successful reproduction dynamics of California Spotted Owl) and Markov chain Monte Carlo estimation approaches (changes in relative abundance of green frogs in Maryland). Just as multistate capture–recapture modeling has revolutionized the study of individual marked animals, we believe that multistate occupancy modeling will dramatically increase our ability to address interesting questions about ecological processes underlying population-level dynamics.

","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","doi":"10.1890/08-0141.1","usgsCitation":"MacKenzie, D.I., Nichols, J.D., Seamans, M.E., and Gutierrez, R.J., 2009, Dynamic models for problems of species occurrence with multiple states: Ecology, v. 90, no. 3, p. 823-835, https://doi.org/10.1890/08-0141.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"823","endPage":"835","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197769,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"90","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62f9d5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"MacKenzie, Darryl I.","contributorId":94436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"MacKenzie","given":"Darryl","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":200533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":332353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Seamans, Mark E","contributorId":256724,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seamans","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"E","affiliations":[{"id":6661,"text":"US Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":332354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gutierrez, R. J.","contributorId":7647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":332352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":5224924,"text":"5224924 - 2009 - Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-20T13:19:03","indexId":"5224924","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:34","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change","docAbstract":"Marshes worldwide are actively degrading in response to increased sea level rise rates and reduced sediment delivery, though the growth rate of vegetation plays a critical role in determining their stability. We have compiled 56 measurements of above-ground annual productivity for Spartina alterniflora, the dominant macrophyte in North American coastal wetlands. Our compilation indicates a significant latitudinal gradient in productivity, which we interpret to be determined primarily by temperature and/or the length of growing season. Simple linear regression yields a 27 g m-2 yr -1 increase in productivity with an increase of mean annual temperature by one degree C. If temperatures warm 2?4 C over the next century, then marsh productivity may increase by 10?40%, though physiological research suggests that increases in the north could potentially be offset by some decreases in the south. This increase in productivity is roughly equivalent to estimates of marsh lost due to future sea level change. If a warming-induced stimulation of vegetation growth will enhance vertical accretion and limit erosion, then the combined effects of global change may be to increase the total productivity and ecosystem services of tidal wetlands, at least in Northern latitudes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x","usgsCitation":"Kirwan, M., Guntenspergen, G.R., and Morris, J.T., 2009, Latitudinal trends in Spartina alterniflora productivity and the response of coastal marshes to global change: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1982-1989, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008.01834.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1982","endPage":"1989","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":202127,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a89ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kirwan, Matthew L. 0000-0002-0658-3038","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0658-3038","contributorId":84060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kirwan","given":"Matthew L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343175,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guntenspergen, Glenn R. 0000-0002-8593-0244 glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8593-0244","contributorId":2885,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guntenspergen","given":"Glenn","email":"glenn_guntenspergen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":343176,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morris, James T.","contributorId":29118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morris","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":343174,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98402,"text":"ofr20091289 - 2009 - Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-09-07T20:14:58.51482","indexId":"ofr20091289","displayToPublicDate":"2010-05-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1289","title":"Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California","docAbstract":"In the summer of 2008, as part of the California Seafloor Mapping Program (CSMP) the U.S. Geological Survey, Coastal and Marine Geology mapped a nearshore region of the northern Santa Barbara Channel in Southern California (fig 1). The CSMP is a cooperative partnership between Federal and State agencies, Universities, and Industry to create a comprehensive coastal/marine geologic and habitat basemap series to support the Marine Life Protection Act (MLPA) inititive. The program is supported by the California Ocean Protection Council and the California Coastal Conservancy. \r\n\r\nThe 2008 mapping collected high resolution bathymetry and acoustic backscatter data using a bathymetric side scan system within State waters from about the 10-m isobath out over 3-nautical miles. This Open-File Report provides these data in a number of different formats, as well as a summary of the mapping mission, maps of bathymetry and backscatter, and FGDC metadata.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091289","usgsCitation":"Dartnell, P., Finlayson, D., Conrad, J., Cochrane, G., and Johnson, S., 2009, Bathymetry and acoustic backscatter: Northern Santa Barbara Channel, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1289, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091289.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13653,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1289/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":198060,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":388919,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_93237.htm"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"northern Santa Barbara Channel","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.35797119140625,\n 34.38084596839499\n ],\n [\n -120.07919311523438,\n 34.38084596839499\n ],\n [\n -120.07919311523438,\n 34.48052400815731\n ],\n [\n -120.35797119140625,\n 34.48052400815731\n ],\n [\n -120.35797119140625,\n 34.38084596839499\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6de4b07f02db63ef45","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dartnell, Pete","contributorId":33412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dartnell","given":"Pete","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finlayson, David","contributorId":67985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finlayson","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conrad, Jamie","contributorId":29537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrad","given":"Jamie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cochrane, Guy","contributorId":104164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Samuel","contributorId":62712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Samuel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98346,"text":"ofr20091181 - 2009 - User Manual for the Data-Series Interface of the Gr Application Software","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:29","indexId":"ofr20091181","displayToPublicDate":"2010-04-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1181","title":"User Manual for the Data-Series Interface of the Gr Application Software","docAbstract":"This manual describes the data-series interface for the Gr Application software. Basic tasks such as plotting, editing, manipulating, and printing data series are presented. The properties of the various types of data objects and graphical objects used within the application, and the relationships between them also are presented. Descriptions of compatible data-series file formats are provided.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091181","usgsCitation":"Donovan, J.M., 2009, User Manual for the Data-Series Interface of the Gr Application Software: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1181, vi, 31 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091181.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125545,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1181.jpg"},{"id":13595,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1181/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db697005","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Donovan, John M. 0000-0002-7957-5397 jmd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7957-5397","contributorId":1255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Donovan","given":"John","email":"jmd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98287,"text":"ofr20091262 - 2009 - A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Information Related to the Biology and Management of Species of Special Concern at Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-05T12:10:04.814097","indexId":"ofr20091262","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1262","title":"A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Information Related to the Biology and Management of Species of Special Concern at Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey's Patuxent Wildlife Research Center (PWRC) conducted a study for the National Park Service (NPS) Southeast Region, Atlanta, GA, and Cape Hatteras National Seashore (CAHA) in North Carolina to review, evaluate, and summarize the available scientific information for selected species of concern at CAHA (piping plovers, sea turtles, seabeach amaranth, American oystercatchers, and colonial waterbirds). This work consisted of reviewing the scientific literature and evaluating the results of studies that examined critical life history stages of each species, and focused on the scientific findings reported that are relevant to the management of these species and their habitats at CAHA. The chapters that follow provide the results of that review separately for each species and present scientifically based options for resource management at CAHA.\r\n\r\nAlthough no new original research or experimental work was conducted, this synthesis of the existing information was peer reviewed by over 15 experts with familiarity with these species. This report does not establish NPS management protocols but does highlight scientific information on the biology of these species to be considered by NPS managers who make resource management decisions at CAHA.\r\n\r\nTo ensure that the best available information is considered when assessing each species of interest at CAHA, this review included published research as well as practical experience of scientists and wildlife managers who were consulted in 2005. PWRC scientists evaluated the literature, consulted wildlife managers, and produced an initial draft that was sent to experts for scientific review. Revisions based on those comments were incorporated into the document. The final draft of the document was reviewed by NPS personnel to ensure that the description of the recent status and management of these species at CAHA was accurately represented and that the report was consistent with our work agreement. The following section summarizes the biological information relevant to resource management for the species of concern at CAHA.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091262","collaboration":"Prepared for the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Cohen, J., Erwin, R.M., French, J.B., Marion, J.L., and Meyers, J.M., 2009, A Review and Synthesis of the Scientific Information Related to the Biology and Management of Species of Special Concern at Cape Hatteras National Seashore, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1262, iii. 100 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091262.","productDescription":"iii. 100 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13540,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1262/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125666,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1262.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.08333333333333,35 ], [ -76.08333333333333,36.083333333333336 ], [ -75.33333333333333,36.083333333333336 ], [ -75.33333333333333,35 ], [ -76.08333333333333,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4966e4b0b290850ef219","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cohen, Jonathan B.","contributorId":77252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cohen","given":"Jonathan B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Erwin, R. Michael 0000-0003-2108-9502","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2108-9502","contributorId":57125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Erwin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"French, John B. 0000-0001-8901-7092 jbfrench@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8901-7092","contributorId":377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"French","given":"John","email":"jbfrench@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marion, Jeffrey L.","contributorId":56322,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marion","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Meyers, J. Michael","contributorId":38658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyers","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98271,"text":"sir20095154 - 2009 - Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Tooele Valley ground-water basin, Tooele County, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-30T16:23:27","indexId":"sir20095154","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5154","title":"Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Tooele Valley ground-water basin, Tooele County, Utah","docAbstract":"Ground water is the sole source of drinking water within Tooele Valley. Transition from agriculture to residential land and water use necessitates additional understanding of water resources. The ground-water basin is conceptualized as a single interconnected hydrologic system consisting of the consolidated-rock mountains and adjoining unconsolidated basin-fill valleys. Within the basin fill, unconfined conditions exist along the valley margins and confined conditions exist in the central areas of the valleys. Transmissivity of the unconsolidated basin-fill aquifer ranges from 1,000 to 270,000 square feet per day. Within the consolidated rock of the mountains, ground-water flow largely is unconfined, though variability in geologic structure, stratigraphy, and lithology has created some areas where ground-water flow is confined. Hydraulic conductivity of the consolidated rock ranges from 0.003 to 100 feet per day.\r\n\r\nGround water within the basin generally moves from the mountains toward the central and northern areas of Tooele Valley. Steep hydraulic gradients exist at Tooele Army Depot and near Erda. The estimated average annual ground-water recharge within the basin is 82,000 acre-feet per year. The primary source of recharge is precipitation in the mountains; other sources of recharge are irrigation water and streams. Recharge from precipitation was determined using the Basin Characterization Model. Estimated average annual ground-water discharge within the basin is 84,000 acre-feet per year. Discharge is to wells, springs, and drains, and by evapotranspiration. Water levels at wells within the basin indicate periods of increased recharge during 1983-84 and 1996-2000. During these periods annual precipitation at Tooele City exceeded the 1971-2000 annual average for consecutive years.\r\n\r\nThe water with the lowest dissolved-solids concentrations exists in the mountain areas where most of the ground-water recharge occurs. The principal dissolved constituents are calcium and bicarbonate. Dissolved-solids concentration increases in the central and northern parts of Tooele Valley, at the distal ends of the ground-water flow paths. Increased concentration is due mainly to greater amounts of sodium and chloride. Deuterium and oxygen-18 values indicate water recharged primarily from precipitation occurs throughout the ground-water basin. Ground water with the highest percentage of recharge from irrigation exists along the eastern margin of Tooele Valley, indicating negligible recharge from the adjacent consolidated rock. Tritium and tritiogenic helium-3 concentrations indicate modern water exists along the flow paths originating in the Oquirrh Mountains between Settlement and Pass Canyons and extending between the steep hydraulic gradient areas at Tooele Army Depot and Erda. Pre-modern water exists in areas east of Erda and near Stansbury Park. Using the change in tritium along the flow paths originating in the Oquirrh Mountains, a first-order estimate of average linear ground-water velocity for the general area is roughly 2 to 5 feet per day.\r\n\r\nA numerical ground-water flow model was developed to simulate ground-water flow in the Tooele Valley ground-water basin and to test the conceptual understanding of the ground-water system. Simulating flow in consolidated rock allows recharge and withdrawal from wells in or near consolidated rock to be simulated more accurately. In general, the model accurately simulates water levels and water-level fluctuations and can be considered an adequate tool to help determine the valley-wide effects on water levels of additional ground-water withdrawal and changes in water use. The simulated increase in storage during a projection simulation using 2003 withdrawal rates and average recharge indicates that repeated years of average precipitation and recharge conditions do not completely restore the system after multiple years of below-normal precipitation. In the similar case where precipitation is 90","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095154","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Tooele County","usgsCitation":"Stolp, B.J., and Brooks, L.E., 2009, Hydrology and simulation of ground-water flow in the Tooele Valley ground-water basin, Tooele County, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5154, Report: x, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 11 x 17 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095154.","productDescription":"Report: x, 85 p.; 1 Plate: 11 x 17 inches","numberOfPages":"117","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5154.jpg"},{"id":13524,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5154/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Tooele County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -112.6,40.216 ], [ -112.6,40.83 ], [ -112.16,40.83 ], [ -112.16,40.216 ], [ -112.6,40.216 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e937","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497 bjstolp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard","email":"bjstolp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brooks, Lynette E. 0000-0002-9074-0939 lebrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-0939","contributorId":2718,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Lynette","email":"lebrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98257,"text":"ds450 - 2009 - ATM Coastal Topography-Mississippi, 2001","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-07T15:33:31.911265","indexId":"ds450","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"450","title":"ATM Coastal Topography-Mississippi, 2001","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of lidar-derived first-surface (FS) topography were produced collaboratively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of the Mississippi coastline, from Lakeshore to Petit Bois Island, acquired September 9-10, 2001. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative scanning lidar instrument originally developed by NASA, and known as the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), was used during data acquisition. The ATM system is a scanning lidar system that measures high-resolution topography of the land surface and incorporates a green-wavelength laser operating at pulse rates of 2 to 10 kilohertz. Measurements from the laser-ranging device are coupled with data acquired from inertial navigation system (INS) attitude sensors and differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS) receivers to measure topography of the surface at accuracies of +/-15 centimeters. The nominal ATM platform is a Twin Otter or P-3 Orion aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft.\r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the ATM system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. 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The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative scanning lidar instrument originally developed by NASA, and known as the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), was used during data acquisition. The ATM system is a scanning lidar system that measures high-resolution topography of the land surface and incorporates a green-wavelength laser operating at pulse rates of 2 to 10 kilohertz. Measurements from the laser-ranging device are coupled with data acquired from inertial navigation system (INS) attitude sensors and differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS) receivers to measure topography of the surface at accuracies of +/-15 centimeters. 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The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural-resource managers. An innovative airborne lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for sub-meter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. \r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for pre-survey flight-line definition, flight-path plotting, lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or sub-aerial topography. 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The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. \r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. 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Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stevens, Sara","contributorId":104015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Sara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yates, Xan","contributorId":78291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Xan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98233,"text":"ds416 - 2009 - EAARL Coastal Topography-Pearl River Delta 2008: Bare Earth","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ds416","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"416","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography-Pearl River Delta 2008: Bare Earth","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived bare earth (BE) topography were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the University of New Orleans (UNO), Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences (PIES), New Orleans, LA; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of the Pearl River Delta in Louisiana and Mississippi, acquired March 9-11, 2008. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. \r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or first surface topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the 'bare earth' under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds416","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Miner, M.D., Yates, X., and Bonisteel, J.M., 2009, EAARL Coastal Topography-Pearl River Delta 2008: Bare Earth: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 416, DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds416.","productDescription":"DVD","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13494,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/416/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.83333333333333,30.05 ], [ -89.83333333333333,30.266666666666666 ], [ -89.41666666666667,30.266666666666666 ], [ -89.41666666666667,30.05 ], [ -89.83333333333333,30.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a58e4b07f02db62f1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miner, Michael D.","contributorId":94405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Yates, Xan","contributorId":78291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Xan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":98244,"text":"ds430 - 2009 - ATM coastal topography-Florida 2001: Western Panhandle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-06T15:08:27.464513","indexId":"ds430","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"430","title":"ATM coastal topography-Florida 2001: Western Panhandle","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived first surface (FS) topography were produced collaboratively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL, and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of the western Florida panhandle coastline, acquired October 2-4 and 7-10, 2001. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative scanning Lidar instrument originally developed by NASA, and known as the Airborne Topographic Mapper (ATM), was used during data acquisition. The ATM system is a scanning Lidar system that measures high-resolution topography of the land surface and incorporates a green-wavelength laser operating at pulse rates of 2 to 10 kilohertz. Measurements from the laser-ranging device are coupled with data acquired from inertial navigation system (INS) attitude sensors and differentially corrected global positioning system (GPS) receivers to measure topography of the surface at accuracies of +/-15 centimeters. The nominal ATM platform is a Twin Otter or P-3 Orion aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft.\r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the ATM system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is routinely used to create maps that represent submerged or first surface topography.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds430","usgsCitation":"Yates, X., Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Sallenger, A., Bonisteel, J.M., Klipp, E.S., and Wright, C.W., 2009, ATM coastal topography-Florida 2001: Western Panhandle: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 430, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds430.","productDescription":"HTML Document","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423272,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_97317.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13497,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/430/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":196832,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Western Panhandle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5167,\n 29.9833\n ],\n [\n -87.5167,\n 30.5333\n ],\n [\n -85.7,\n 30.5333\n ],\n [\n -85.7,\n 29.9833\n ],\n [\n -87.5167,\n 29.9833\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b14e4b07f02db6a4391","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Yates, Xan","contributorId":78291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Xan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sallenger, A. H.","contributorId":78290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sallenger","given":"A. H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Klipp, Emily S. eklipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":2754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klipp","given":"Emily","email":"eklipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98234,"text":"ds417 - 2009 - EAARL Coastal Topography-Pearl River Delta 2008: First Surface","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:52","indexId":"ds417","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"417","title":"EAARL Coastal Topography-Pearl River Delta 2008: First Surface","docAbstract":"These remotely sensed, geographically referenced elevation measurements of Lidar-derived first surface (FS) topography were produced as a collaborative effort between the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), Florida Integrated Science Center (FISC), St. Petersburg, FL; the University of New Orleans (UNO), Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences (PIES), New Orleans, LA; and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), Wallops Flight Facility, VA.\r\n\r\nThis project provides highly detailed and accurate datasets of a portion of the Pearl River Delta in Louisiana and Mississippi, acquired March 9-11, 2008. The datasets are made available for use as a management tool to research scientists and natural resource managers. An innovative airborne Lidar instrument originally developed at the NASA Wallops Flight Facility, and known as the Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL), was used during data acquisition. The EAARL system is a raster-scanning, waveform-resolving, green-wavelength (532-nanometer) Lidar designed to map near-shore bathymetry, topography, and vegetation structure simultaneously. The EAARL sensor suite includes the raster-scanning, water-penetrating full-waveform adaptive Lidar, a down-looking red-green-blue (RGB) digital camera, a high-resolution multi-spectral color infrared (CIR) camera, two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase GPS receivers, and an integrated miniature digital inertial measurement unit, which provide for submeter georeferencing of each laser sample. The nominal EAARL platform is a twin-engine Cessna 310 aircraft, but the instrument may be deployed on a range of light aircraft. A single pilot, a Lidar operator, and a data analyst constitute the crew for most survey operations. This sensor has the potential to make significant contributions in measuring sub-aerial and submarine coastal topography within cross-environmental surveys. \r\n\r\nElevation measurements were collected over the survey area using the EAARL system, and the resulting data were then processed using the Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS), a custom-built processing system developed in a NASA-USGS collaboration. ALPS supports the exploration and processing of Lidar data in an interactive or batch mode. Modules for presurvey flight line definition, flight path plotting, Lidar raster and waveform investigation, and digital camera image playback have been developed. Processing algorithms have been developed to extract the range to the first and last significant return within each waveform. ALPS is used routinely to create maps that represent submerged or first surface topography. Specialized filtering algorithms have been implemented to determine the 'bare earth' under vegetation from a point cloud of last return elevations.\r\n\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds417","usgsCitation":"Nayegandhi, A., Brock, J., Wright, C.W., Miner, M.D., Michael, D., Yates, X., and Bonisteel, J.M., 2009, EAARL Coastal Topography-Pearl River Delta 2008: First Surface: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 417, DVD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds417.","productDescription":"DVD","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":196831,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13495,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/417/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.83333333333333,30.05 ], [ -89.83333333333333,30.266666666666666 ], [ -89.41666666666667,30.266666666666666 ], [ -89.41666666666667,30.05 ], [ -89.83333333333333,30.05 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afde4b07f02db6971b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miner, Michael D.","contributorId":94405,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Michael, D.","contributorId":94406,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Yates, Xan","contributorId":78291,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yates","given":"Xan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":98230,"text":"sir20095252 - 2009 - Sand resources, regional geology, and coastal processes of the Chandeleur Islands Coastal System: An evaluation of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-10-30T19:24:06.519394","indexId":"sir20095252","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5252","displayTitle":"Sand Resources, Regional Geology, and Coastal Processes of the Chandeleur Islands Coastal System: an Evaluation of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge","title":"Sand resources, regional geology, and coastal processes of the Chandeleur Islands Coastal System: An evaluation of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge","docAbstract":"

Breton National Wildlife Refuge, the Chandeleur Islands chain in Louisiana, provides habitat and nesting areas for wildlife and is an initial barrier protecting New Orleans from storms. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in partnership with the University of New Orleans Pontchartrain Institute for Environmental Sciences undertook an intensive study that included (1) an analysis of island change based on historical maps and remotely sensed shoreline and topographic data; (2) a series of lidar surveys at 3- to 4-month intervals after Hurricane Katrina to determine barrier island recovery potential; (3) a discussion of sea level rise and effects on the islands; (4) an analysis of sea floor evolution and sediment dynamics in the refuge over the past 150 years; (5) an assessment of the local sediment transport and sediment resource availability based on the bathymetric and subbottom data; (6) a carefully selected core collection effort to groundtruth the geophysical data and more fully characterize the sediments composing the islands and surrounds; (7) an additional survey of the St. Bernard Shoals to assess their potential as a sand resource; and (8) a modeling study to numerically simulate the potential response of the islands to the low-intensity, intermediate, and extreme events likely to affect the refuge over the next 50 years.

Results indicate that the islands have become fragmented and greatly diminished in subaerial extent over time: the southern islands retreating landward as they reorganize into subaerial features, the northern islands remaining in place. Breton Island, because maintenance of the Mississippi River-Gulf Outlet (MRGO) outer bar channel requires dredging, is deprived of sand sufficient to sustain itself. Regional sediment transport trends indicate that large storms are extremely effective in transporting sand and controlling the shoreline development and barrier island geometry. Sand is transported north and south from a divergent zone near Monkey Bayou at the southern end of the Chandeleur Islands. Numerical simulation of waves and sediment transport supports the geophysical results and indicates that vast areas of the lower shoreface are affected and are undergoing erosion during storm events, that there is little or no fair weather mechanism to rework material into the littoral system, and that as a result, there is a net loss of sediment from the system. Lidar surveys revealed that the island chain immediately after Hurricane Katrina lost about 84 percent of its area and about 92 percent of its prestorm volume. Marsh platforms that supported the islands’ sand prior to the storm were reduced in width by more than one-half. Repeated lidar surveys document that in places the shoreline has retreated about 100 m under the relatively low-energy waves since Hurricanes Katrina and Rita; however, this retreat is nonuniform.

Recent high-resolution geophysical surveys of the sea floor and subsurface within 5–6 km of the Chandeleur Islands during 2006 and 2007 show that, in addition to the sand that is rebuilding portions of the island chain, a large volume of sand is contained in Hewes Point, in an extensive subtidal spit platform that has formed at the northern end of the Chandeleur Islands. Hewes Point appears to be the depositional terminus of the alongshore transport system. In the southern Chandeleurs, sand is being deposited in a broad tabular deposit near Breton Island called the southern offshore sand sheet. These two depocenters account for approximately 70 percent of the estimated sediment volume located in potential borrow sites. An additional large potential source of sand for restoration lies in the St. Bernard Shoals, which are estimated to contain approximately 200 × 106 m3 of sand.

Successful restoration planning for the Breton National Wildlife Refuge should mimic the natural processes of early stages of barrier island evolution including lateral transport to the flanks of the island chain from a centralized sand source that will ultimately enhance the ability of the islands to naturally build backbarrier marsh, dunes, and a continuous sandy shoreline. Barrier island sediment nourishment should be executed with the understanding that gulf shoreline erosion is inevitable but that island area can be maintained and enhanced during retreat (thus significantly prolonging the life of the island chain) with strategic sand placement.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095252","collaboration":"In cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"2009, Sand resources, regional geology, and coastal processes of the Chandeleur Islands Coastal System: An evaluation of the Breton National Wildlife Refuge: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5252, vii, 180 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095252.","productDescription":"vii, 180 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117616,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5252.jpg"},{"id":13491,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5252/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":463443,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92027.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Breton National Wildlife Refuge, Chandeleur Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.92327457015571,\n 30.053706780767456\n ],\n [\n -88.92327457015571,\n 29.75738626372666\n ],\n [\n -88.80295686921512,\n 29.75738626372666\n ],\n [\n -88.80295686921512,\n 30.053706780767456\n ],\n [\n -88.92327457015571,\n 30.053706780767456\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd53","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Lavoie, Dawn","contributorId":43881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lavoie","given":"Dawn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505748,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98222,"text":"sir20095268 - 2009 - Trends in Water Quality in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095268","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5268","title":"Trends in Water Quality in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005","docAbstract":"As part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, water-quality data for 334 streams in eight States of the Southeastern United States were assessed for trends from 1973 to 2005. Forty-four U.S. Geological Survey sites were examined for trends in pH, specific conductance, and dissolved oxygen, and in concentrations of dissolved solids, suspended sediment, chloride, sodium, sulfate, silica, potassium, dissolved organic carbon, total nitrogen, total ammonia, total ammonia plus organic nitrogen, dissolved nitrite plus nitrate, and total phosphorus. An additional 290 sites from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storage and Retrieval database were tested for trends in total nitrogen and phosphorus concentrations for the 1975-2004 and 1993-2004 periods. The seasonal Kendall test or Tobit regression was used to detect trends. Concentrations of dissolved constituents have increased in the Southeast during the last 30 years. Specific conductance increased at 62 percent and decreased at 3 percent of the sites, and pH increased at 31 percent and decreased at 11 percent of the sites. Decreasing trends in total nitrogen were detected at 49 percent of the sites, and increasing trends were detected at 10 percent of the sites. Ammonia concentrations decreased at 27 percent of the sites and increased at 6 percent of the sites. Nitrite plus nitrate concentrations increased at 29 percent of the sites and decreased at 10 percent of the sites. These results indicate that the changes in stream nitrogen concentrations generally coincided with improved municipal wastewater-treatment methods. Long-term decreasing trends in total phosphorus were detected at 56 percent of the sites, and increasing trends were detected at 8 percent of the sites. Concentrations of phosphorus have decreased over the last 35 years, which coincided with phosphate-detergent bans and improvements in wastewater treatment that were implemented beginning in 1972. Multiple regression analysis indicated a relation between changes in atmospheric inputs and agricultural practices, and changes in water quality. A long-term water-quality and landscape trends-assessment network for the Southeast is needed to assess changes in water quality over time in response to variations in population, agricultural, wastewater, and landscape variables.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095268","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Harned, D.A., Staub, E.L., Peak, K.L., Tighe, K.M., and Terziotti, S., 2009, Trends in Water Quality in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5268, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095268.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125793,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5268.jpg"},{"id":13480,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5268/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89.33333333333333,25.95 ], [ -89.33333333333333,40 ], [ -74.4,40 ], [ -74.4,25.95 ], [ -89.33333333333333,25.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e70ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Staub, Erik L. elstaub@usgs.gov","contributorId":2244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staub","given":"Erik","email":"elstaub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304705,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peak, Kelly L.","contributorId":81056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peak","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304707,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten M.","contributorId":59533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304706,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304704,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98210,"text":"ds485 - 2009 - Continuous and discrete water-quality data collected at five sites on Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2006-08","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-11T16:45:33","indexId":"ds485","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"485","title":"Continuous and discrete water-quality data collected at five sites on Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2006-08","docAbstract":"

Lake Houston, a reservoir impounded in 1954 by the City of Houston, Texas, is a primary source of drinking water for Houston and surrounding areas. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Houston, developed a continuous water-quality monitoring network to track daily changes in water quality in the southwestern quadrant of Lake Houston beginning in 2006. Continuous water-quality data (the physiochemical properties water temperature, specific conductance, pH, dissolved oxygen concentration, and turbidity) were collected from Lake Houston to characterize the in-lake processes that affect water quality. Continuous data were collected hourly from mobile, multi-depth monitoring stations developed and constructed by the U.S. Geological Survey. Multi-depth monitoring stations were installed at five sites in three general locations in the southwestern quadrant of the lake. Discrete water-quality data (samples) were collected routinely (once or twice each month) at all sites to characterize the chemical and biological (phytoplankton and bacteria) response to changes in the continuous water-quality properties. Physiochemical properties (the five continuously monitored plus transparency) were measured in the field when samples were collected. In addition to the routine samples, discrete water-quality samples were collected synoptically (one or two times during the study period) at all sites to determine the presence and levels of selected constituents not analyzed in routine samples. Routine samples were measured or analyzed for acid neutralizing capacity; selected major ions and trace elements (calcium, silica, and manganese); nutrients (filtered and total ammonia nitrogen, filtered nitrate plus nitrite nitrogen, total nitrate nitrogen, filtered and total nitrite nitrogen, filtered and total orthophosphate phosphorus, total phosphorus, total nitrogen, total organic carbon); fecal indicator bacteria (total coliform and Escherichia coli); sediment (suspended-sediment concentration and loss-on-ignition); actinomycetes bacteria; taste-and-odor-causing compounds (2-methylisoborneol and geosmin); cyanobacterial toxins (total microcystins); and phytoplankton abundance, biovolume, and community composition (taxonomic identification to genus). Synoptic samples were analyzed for major ions, trace elements, wastewater indicators, pesticides, volatile organic compounds, and carbon. The analytical data are presented in tables by type (continuous, discrete routine, discrete synoptic) and listed by station number. Continuously monitored properties (except pH) also are displayed graphically.

","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, Virginia","doi":"10.3133/ds485","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Houston","usgsCitation":"Beussink, A.M., and Burnich, M.R., 2009, Continuous and discrete water-quality data collected at five sites on Lake Houston near Houston, Texas, 2006-08: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 485, Report: vii, 18 p.; 21 Appendices (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/ds485.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 18 p.; 21 Appendices (xls)","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125376,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_485.jpg"},{"id":13466,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/485/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Lake Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.1361083984375,\n 29.984973585787984\n ],\n [\n -95.12340545654297,\n 29.988541976503846\n ],\n [\n -95.11928558349608,\n 29.979620759272258\n ],\n [\n -95.12443542480469,\n 29.96534514485804\n ],\n [\n -95.13679504394531,\n 29.96207336100224\n ],\n [\n -95.13988494873047,\n 29.959991260652064\n ],\n [\n -95.13679504394531,\n 29.954339625569716\n ],\n [\n -95.14297485351562,\n 29.949282627106818\n ],\n [\n -95.14640808105469,\n 29.948390188915777\n ],\n [\n -95.1416015625,\n 29.942737894394064\n ],\n [\n -95.13816833496094,\n 29.937085278663123\n ],\n [\n -95.13233184814453,\n 29.937085278663123\n ],\n [\n -95.12580871582031,\n 29.935300175389155\n ],\n [\n -95.1247787475586,\n 29.929349599842197\n ],\n [\n -95.12580871582031,\n 29.92280355577698\n ],\n [\n -95.1426315307617,\n 29.916852233070173\n ],\n [\n -95.14434814453125,\n 29.914174021794626\n ],\n [\n -95.15430450439453,\n 29.92131575845174\n ],\n [\n -95.1632308959961,\n 29.929944673409228\n ],\n [\n -95.17112731933594,\n 29.943927877830014\n ],\n [\n -95.1687240600586,\n 29.951959893625034\n ],\n [\n -95.16151428222656,\n 29.96088359471421\n ],\n [\n -95.1522445678711,\n 29.972780616663897\n ],\n [\n -95.14915466308594,\n 29.97724163265764\n ],\n [\n -95.13713836669922,\n 29.9828919653158\n ],\n [\n -95.1361083984375,\n 29.984973585787984\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beussink, Amy M. ambeussi@usgs.gov","contributorId":2191,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beussink","given":"Amy","email":"ambeussi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burnich, Michael R. mburnich@usgs.gov","contributorId":4286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burnich","given":"Michael","email":"mburnich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98209,"text":"ofr20091286 - 2009 - Benthic flux of nutrients and trace metals in the northern component of San Francisco Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T13:00:18","indexId":"ofr20091286","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-25T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1286","title":"Benthic flux of nutrients and trace metals in the northern component of San Francisco Bay, California","docAbstract":"Two sets of sampling trips were coordinated in late summer 2008 (weeks of July 8 and August 6) to sample the interstitial and overlying bottom waters at 10 shallow locations (9 sites <3 meters in depth) within the northern component of the San Francisco Bay/Delta (herein referred to as North Bay). The work was performed to better understand sources of biologically reactive solutes (namely, dissolved macronutrients and trace metals) that may affect the base of the food web in this part of the estuary. A nonmetallic pore-water profiler was used to obtain the first centimeter-scale estimates of the vertical solute-concentration gradients for diffusive-flux determinations. This study, performed in collaboration with scientists from San Francisco State University?s Romberg Tiburon Center for Environmental Studies, provides information to assist in developing and refining management strategies for the Bay/Delta system and supports efforts to monitor changes in food-web structure associated with regional habitat modifications directed by the California Bay-Delta Authority. \r\n\r\nOn July 7, 2008, and August 5, 2008, pore-water profilers were successfully deployed at six North Bay sites per trip to measure the concentration gradient of dissolved macronutrients and trace metals near the sediment-water interface. Only two of the sites (433 and SSB009 within Honker Bay) were sampled in both series of profiler deployments. At each sampling site, profilers were deployed in triplicate, while discrete samples and dataloggers were used to collect ancillary data from both the water column and benthos to help interpret diffusive-flux measurements. \r\n\r\nBenthic flux of dissolved (0.2-micron filtered) inorganic phosphate (that is, soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP)) ranged from negligible levels (-0.003?0.005 millimole per square meter per day (mmole m-2d-1) at Site 4.1 outside Honker Bay) to 0.060?0.006 mmole m-2d-1 near the northern coast of Brown?s Island. Except for the elevated flux at Browns Island, the benthic flux of soluble reactive phosphorus (SRP) was consistently: (1) lower than previously reported for South Bay sites, (2) an order of magnitude lower than oligotrophic Coeur d?Alene Lake, (3) two orders of magnitude lower than determined for eutrophic Upper Klamath Lake, and (4) an order of magnitude or more lower than the estimated summer riverine inputs for SRP (900 to 1,300 kilograms of phosphorous per day (kg-P d-1)). \r\n\r\nIn contrast to fluxes reported for the South Bay, nitrate fluxes were consistently negative (that is, drawn from the water column into the sediment), except for one site with statistically insignificant nitrate fluxes (Site 409 within Suisun Bay). The most negative nitrate flux (-7.3?0.1 mmole m-2d-1) was observed within Grizzly Bay (Site 416). Observed nitrate fluxes bracketed the estimated summer fluvial flux of nitrate (3,500 to 5,000 kg-N d-1). With the exception of the two Grizzly Bay sites (416 and 417), the consistently positive benthic flux of ammonia generally counteracted the negative flux of nitrate to yield a net balance of dissolved inorganic nitrogen. Ammonia benthic fluxes extrapolated for Suisun Bay ranged from 320 kg-N d-1 (Site SSB009 near the entrance to Honker Bay) to 1,900 kg-N d-1 (Montezuma Island). These values represent a significant ammonia source to the water column relative to summer riverine inputs (approximately 400 to 600 kg-N d-1). \r\n\r\nDissolved silica also displayed a consistently positive benthic flux, except for Site 409 within Suisun Bay, which showed insignificant fluxes (also insignificant for nitrate and SRP). As with the nitrate fluxes, Grizzly Bay and Browns Island sites yielded the highest dissolved silica fluxes (1.3?1.2 to 2.5?0.6 mmole m-2d-1, respectively). These initial diffusive-flux estimates are greater than those measured in the South Bay using core-incubation experiments, which include bioturbation and bioirrigation effects, but they are nevertheless probably one to t","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091286","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California Bay-Delta Authority and San Francisco State University","usgsCitation":"Kuwabara, J.S., Topping, B.R., Parcheso, F., Engelstad, A., and Greene, V.E., 2009, Benthic flux of nutrients and trace metals in the northern component of San Francisco Bay, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1286, iv, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091286.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-07-08","temporalEnd":"2008-08-06","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125954,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1286.jpg"},{"id":13465,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1286/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.16666666666667,38 ], [ -122.16666666666667,38.2 ], [ -121.86666666666666,38.2 ], [ -121.86666666666666,38 ], [ -122.16666666666667,38 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a53e4b07f02db62b58d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kuwabara, James S. 0000-0003-2502-1601 kuwabara@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2502-1601","contributorId":3374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuwabara","given":"James","email":"kuwabara@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, Brent R. 0000-0002-7887-4221 btopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7887-4221","contributorId":1484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"Brent","email":"btopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Engelstad, Anita C. 0000-0002-0211-4189","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0211-4189","contributorId":24884,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engelstad","given":"Anita C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Greene, Valerie E.","contributorId":104600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Valerie","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98206,"text":"cir1196X - 2009 - Copper Recycling in the United States in 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:44","indexId":"cir1196X","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1196","chapter":"X","title":"Copper Recycling in the United States in 2004","docAbstract":"As one of a series of reports that describe the recycling of metal commodities in the United States, this report discusses the flow of copper from production through distribution and use, with particular emphasis on the recycling of industrial scrap (new scrap1) and used products (old scrap) in the year 2004. This materials flow study includes a description of copper supply and demand for the United States to illustrate the extent of copper recycling and to identify recycling trends. Understanding how materials flow from a source through disposition can aid in improving the management of natural resource delivery systems.\r\n\r\nIn 2004, the U.S. refined copper supply was 2.53 million metric tons (Mt) of refined unalloyed copper. With adjustment for refined copper exports of 127,000 metric tons (t) of copper, the net U.S. refined copper supply was 2.14 Mt of copper. With this net supply and a consumer inventory decrease of 9,000 t of refined copper, 2.42 Mt of refined copper was consumed by U.S. semifabricators (brass mills, wire rod mills, ingot makers, and foundries and others) in 2004. In addition to the 2.42 Mt of refined copper consumed in 2004, U.S. copper semifabricators consumed 853,000 t of copper contained in recycled scrap. Furthermore, 61,000 t of copper contained in scrap was consumed by noncopper alloy makers, for example, steelmakers and aluminum alloy makers.\r\n\r\nOld scrap recycling efficiency for copper was estimated to be 43 percent of theoretical old scrap supply, the recycling rate for copper was 30 percent of apparent supply, and the new-scrap-to-old-scrap ratio for U.S. copper product production was 3.2 (76:24).\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1196X","usgsCitation":"Goonan, T.G., 2009, Copper Recycling in the United States in 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1196, vi, 30 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1196X.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125828,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1196_x.jpg"},{"id":13450,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/circ1196x/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545551","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goonan, Thomas G. goonan@usgs.gov","contributorId":2761,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goonan","given":"Thomas","email":"goonan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98188,"text":"fs20093048 - 2009 - Streamgaging in Pennsylvania: 1883-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"fs20093048","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3048","title":"Streamgaging in Pennsylvania: 1883-2009","docAbstract":"The Commonwealth of Pennsylvania contains 83,602 miles of streams within its borders. These streams are natural resources that influence the lives and economy of Pennsylvania residents daily. The water resources are used on a daily basis for recreation, power generation, drinking water, agriculture, industry, and many other uses, emphasizing the importance of this valuable resource. The effects of too much or too little water can be devastating to communities throughout the Commonwealth. The amount of water (flow) in a stream has been a critical piece of information since before the founding of Pennsylvania. In 1612, John Smith navigated the 'Sasquesahanough' River while exploring the newly discovered territory. In 1630, Dutch pioneers traveled up the Delaware River to settle in Bucks County.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093048","usgsCitation":"Durlin, R.R., 2009, Streamgaging in Pennsylvania: 1883-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3048, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093048.","productDescription":"4 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125885,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3048.bmp"},{"id":13432,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3048/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b15e4b07f02db6a4bf6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Durlin, Randall R.","contributorId":64719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Durlin","given":"Randall","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98187,"text":"ofr20091248 - 2009 - Geologic and Geochronologic Studies of the Early Proterozoic Kanektok Metamorphic Complex of Southwestern Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-07T16:40:50","indexId":"ofr20091248","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1248","title":"Geologic and Geochronologic Studies of the Early Proterozoic Kanektok Metamorphic Complex of Southwestern Alaska","docAbstract":"The Kanektok complex of southwestern Alaska appears to be a rootless terrane of early Proterozoic sedimentary, volcanic, and intrusive rocks which were metamorphosed to amphibolite and granulite facies and later underwent a pervasive late Mesozoic thermal event accompanied by granitic plutonism and greenschist facies metamorphism of overlying sediments. The terrane is structurally complex and exhibits characteristics generally attributed to mantled gneiss domes. \r\n\r\nU-Th-Pb analyses of zircon and sphene from a core zone granitic orthogneiss indicate that the orthogneiss protolith crystallized about 2.05 b.y. ago and that the protolithic sedimentary, volcanic and granitic intrusive rocks of the core zone were metamorphosed to granulite and amphibolite facies about 1.77 b.y. ago. A Rb-Sr study of 13 whole-rock samples also suggests metamorphism of an early Proterozoic [Paleoproterozoic] protolith at 1.77 Ga, although the data are scattered and difficult to interpret. \r\n\r\nSeventy-seven conventional 40K/40Ar mineral ages were determined for 58 rocks distributed throughout the outcrop area of the complex. Analysis of the K-Ar data indicate that nearly all of these ages have been totally or partially reset by a pervasive late Mesozoic thermal event accompanied by granitic plutonism and greenschist facies metamorphism. Several biotites gave apparent K-Ar ages over 2 Ga. These ages appear to be controlled by excess radiogenic 40Ar produced by the degassing protolith during the 1.77 Ga metamorphism and incorporated by the biotites when they were at temperatures at which Ar could diffuse through the lattice. \r\n\r\nFive amphibolites yielded apparent Precambrian 40K/40Ar hornblende ages. There is no evidence that these hornblende ages have been increased by excess argon. The oldest 40K/40Ar hornblende age of 1.77 Ga is identical to the sphene 207Pb/206Pb orthogneiss age and to the Rb-Sr 'isochron' age for six of the 13 whole-rock samples. \r\n\r\nThe younger hornblende ages are interpreted as having been partially reset during the late Mesozoic thermal event. \r\n\r\n40Ar/39Ar incremental heating experiments suggest metamorphism occurred at least 1.2 b.y. ago but do not exhibit high temperature plateau ages significantly older than the 40Ar/39Ar total fusion ages of these samples. The age spectra are much more uniform than expected from a terrane with such a complex thermal history, perhaps caused by the small grain size of the samples which may possibly be less than the effective Ar diffusion radii of the analyzed hornblendes. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091248","usgsCitation":"Turner, D.L., Forbes, R., Aleinikoff, J.N., McDougall, I., Hedge, C.E., Wilson, F.H., Layer, P.W., and Hults, C.P., 2009, Geologic and Geochronologic Studies of the Early Proterozoic Kanektok Metamorphic Complex of Southwestern Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1248, iv, 45 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091248.","productDescription":"iv, 45 p. ","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13431,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1248/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -161.58333333333334,59.333333333333336 ], [ -161.58333333333334,60.416666666666664 ], [ -160.33333333333334,60.416666666666664 ], [ -160.33333333333334,59.333333333333336 ], [ -161.58333333333334,59.333333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8351","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Turner, Donald L.","contributorId":11604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turner","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Forbes, Robert B.","contributorId":48984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Forbes","given":"Robert B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"McDougall, Ian","contributorId":104347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDougall","given":"Ian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hedge, Carl E.","contributorId":76299,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hedge","given":"Carl","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wilson, Frederic H. 0000-0003-1761-6437 fwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1761-6437","contributorId":67174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Frederic","email":"fwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Layer, Paul W.","contributorId":59483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Layer","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hults, Chad P. chults@usgs.gov","contributorId":1930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hults","given":"Chad","email":"chults@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ]}