The 5-22 mu m size accounted for 40-50% of annual production in each embayment, but production by phytoplanton >22 mu m ranged from 26% in the S reach to 54% of total phytoplankton production in the landward embayment of the N reach. A productivity index is derived that predicts daily productivity for each size class as a function of ambient irradiance and integrated chlorophyll a in the photic zone. For the whole phytoplankton community and for each size class, this index was constant at approx= 0.76 g C m-2 (g chlorophyll a Einstein)-1. The annual means of maximum carbon assimilation numbers were usually similar for the three size classes. Spatial and temporal variations in size-fractionated productivity are primarily due to differences in biomass rather than size-dependent carbon assimilation rates. -from Authors
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.2307/1351944","issn":"01608347","usgsCitation":"Cole, B., Cloern, J., and Alpine, A., 1986, Biomass and productivity of three phytoplankton size classes in San Francisco Bay: Estuaries, v. 9, no. 2, p. 117-126, https://doi.org/10.2307/1351944.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"117","endPage":"126","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f18be4b0c8380cd4acbd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cole, B.E.","contributorId":66268,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"B.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, J. E.","contributorId":59453,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"J. E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Alpine, A.E.","contributorId":6063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70014604,"text":"70014604 - 1986 - CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:31","indexId":"70014604","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM.","docAbstract":"The US Geological Survey started, in a pilot phase, a program to provide nationally consistent information on the status and trends in the quality of the nation's fresh water. The program also intends to identify and describe the relationships between both the status and trends in water quality as they relate to natural factors, and the history of land-use, and land- and waste-management practices. The program is organized into hydrologically based study units and, for the study of surface water, involves a combination of fixed-station, synoptic and intensive study approaches. Network design considerations are discussed.","largerWorkTitle":"Oceans Conference Record (IEEE)","conferenceTitle":"Oceans 86 - Conference Record.","conferenceLocation":"Washington, DC, USA","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","issn":"01977385","usgsCitation":"Hirsch, R.M., 1986, CONCEPTUAL DESIGN OF THE SURFACE WATER COMPONENT OF THE NATIONAL WATER QUALITY ASSESSMENT (NAWQA) PROGRAM., in Oceans Conference Record (IEEE), Washington, DC, USA, p. 779-784.","startPage":"779","endPage":"784","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f2dde4b0c8380cd4b43e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":368789,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015067,"text":"70015067 - 1986 - Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:34:25","indexId":"70015067","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal","docAbstract":"Concentrations of U, Th and Pb, and the isotopic composition of Pb for whole-rock samples of granitoids show: (1) that open-system behavior is nearly universal in the surface and near-surface environment; and (2) that elemental mobility is possible to depths of several hundred meters. Several identified or at least postulated factors that control U and/or Pb mobility include: (1) the mineralogical sites for U and its daughter products; (2) access of groundwater to these sites; (3) the volume of circulating water; and (4) the chemistry of the groundwater. Studies of granitic samples from peralkaline complexes in the Arabian Shield have shown that most samples lost less than 20% of their U during recent exposure to the near-surface environment. Most of the U in these samples appears to be firmly bound in zircons. In contrast, most surface and shallow drill-core samples of the granite of Lankin Dome (Granite Mountains, Wyoming) have lost ??? 70% of their U. Most of the U in these samples is weakly bound in biotite and epidote-family minerals. The granite recovered during the Illinois Deep Drill Hole Project (Stephenson County, Illinois) is mineralogically similar to the granite of Lankin Dome, but this granite lost radiogenic Pb rather than U, probably as a result of exposure to groundwater that had a markedly different chemistry from that in the Granite Mountains. Studies of the Sherman Granite (Wyoming) and the Go??temar Granite (southeastern Sweden) have shown that U and/or Pb mobility is greatest in and near fractured rock. The greater mobility is interpreted to be the result of both a larger water/rock ratio in the fractured rock and exposure to water over an increased surface area (and consequently a greater number of uranium sites). Several types of geochemical and mineralogic data can be used to identify rock-water interaction in granites; however, if rock samples have favorable radiogenic to common Pb ratios, both the amount and approximate timing of U or Pb mobility can be obtained through the use of isotopic studies. Such information can be extremely important in the search for favorable hosts for containment of radioactive waste. Rocks such as the Go??temar Granite have undergone considerable rock-water interaction, most of which occurred ??? 400 Myr. ago and little in recent times. Thus a search for zones that have experienced only a little interaction with water may provide a misleading prediction as to the ability of such zones to shield radioactive wastes from the modern biosphere. From an isotopic point of view, an ideal candidate for evaluation as a host rock for radioactive wastes would have the following characteristics: (1) a high ratio (> 2) of radiogenic to common Pb in order to optimize precision of the results; (2) a simple two-stage geologic history so that results could be interpreted without multiple working hypotheses; and (3) an originally high percentage (> 50%) of labile U so that the results would be highly sensitive to even small amount of rock-water interaction. These characteristics should produce rocks with marked radioactive disequilibrium in surface samples. The disequilibrium should grade to radioactive equilibrium with increasing depth until zones in which water has not circulated are found. Extensive regions of such zones must exist because UThPb systematics of most analyzed granitoids demonstrate closed-system behavior for almost all of their history except for their recent history in the near-surface environment. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., 1986, Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal: Chemical Geology, v. 55, no. 3-4, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266101,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2"},{"id":224287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc5e4b0c8380cd49494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015644,"text":"70015644 - 1986 - Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:28:14","indexId":"70015644","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"Analysis of water-level fluctuations in about 30 observation wells and 5 lakes in the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the sandhills of Nebraska indicates water-table configuration beneath sand dunes in this area varies considerably, depending on the configuration of the topography of the dunes. If the topography of an interlake dunal area is hummocky, ground-water recharge is focused at topographic lows causing formation of water-table mounds. These mounds prevent ground-water movement from topographically high lakes to adjacent lower lakes. If a dune ridge is sharp, the opportunity for focused recharge does not exist, resulting in water-table troughs between lakes. Lakes aligned in descending altitudes, parallel to the principal direction of regional ground-water movement, generally have seepage from higher lakes toward lower lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90166-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1986, Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90166-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -95.625,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 43.100982876188546\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 39.842286020743394\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e5e4b0c8380cd50ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70015643,"text":"70015643 - 1986 - Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:40:16","indexId":"70015643","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence","docAbstract":"A water‐sampling apparatus used for the isolation and detection of Giardiacysts in water has been designed and tested. The sampling apparatus uses one of a variety of pumps or waterline pressure to move water through a filter. Two of the optional pumps are lightweight enough to make the apparatus portable and thus suitable for sampling in remote areas. This technique of sample processing produces good cyst recovery in much less time than is required with previously established methods. Giardia cysts are identified using direct immunofluorescence.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00759.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, S.K., Riggs, J.L., Dileanis, P.D., and Suk, T.J., 1986, Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 22, no. 5, p. 843-845, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00759.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"845","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37d8e4b0c8380cd61203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggs, John L.","contributorId":28378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suk, Thomas J.","contributorId":34578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suk","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70015071,"text":"70015071 - 1986 - Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:38:53.907839","indexId":"70015071","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition","docAbstract":"Carbon and sulfur abundance and δ34S of pyrite sulfur were studied in cores of selected Cretaceous marine shales from the western interior of North America. Sulfur/carbon ratios average 0.67, a value greater than that observed in recent marine sediments and much higher than global values calculated for the Cretaceous. Increased S/C ratios probably result from generally low levels of bioturbation and enhanced efficiency of sulfate reduction due to low oxygen levels in the Cretaceous seaway. Isotopic compositions of pyrite sulfur vary systematically with the level of oxygenation of the depositional environment and therefore with organic carbon abundance and type of organic matter. Samples with organic carbon in excess of 4 wt% contain disseminated pyrite that is extremely depleted in 34S (mean δ34S = −31‰); these samples are laminated clay shales that contain hydrogen-rich (type II) organic matter. Samples containing less than 1.5% organic carbon display relatively “heavy” but wide ranging δ34S values (δ34S = −34.6‰ to +16.8‰; mean δ34S = −12.4‰); these samples are highly bioturbated and contain only type III, hydrogen-poor organic matter. Samples containing intermediate amounts of organic carbon contain pyrite with δ34S values averaging −25.9‰ and contain mixed type II and type III organic matter. The higher organic carbon content and the preservation of hydrogen-rich organic matter generally correlate with slow sedimentation. Samples rich in organic carbon and containing isotopically “light” sulfide sulfur accumulated beneath anoxic and perhaps sulfidic bottom waters. Samples with intermediate organic matter content and intermediate sulfur isotopic compositions accumulated under mainly dysaerobic bottom waters. Samples with relatively low amounts of organic carbon and wide-ranging but less negative sulfur isotopic values were deposited beneath oxygenated bottom waters. Sulfur-isotope data are apparently a sensitive indicator of diagenetic or depositional facies of fine-grained Cretaceous rocks in the western interior.
Estimates of distributional parameters (mean, standard deviation, median, interquartile range) are often desired for data sets containing censored observations. Eight methods for estimating these parameters have been evaluated by R. J. Gilliom and D. R. Helsel (this issue) using Monte Carlo simulations. To verify those findings, the same methods are now applied to actual water quality data. The best method (lowest root-mean-squared error (rmse)) over all parameters, sample sizes, and censoring levels is log probability regression (LR), the method found best in the Monte Carlo simulations. Best methods for estimating moment or percentile parameters separately are also identical to the simulations. Reliability of these estimates can be expressed as confidence intervals using rmse and bias values taken from the simulation results. Finally, a new simulation study shows that best methods for estimating uncensored sample statistics from censored data sets are identical to those for estimating population parameters. Thus this study and the companion study by Gilliom and Helsel form the basis for making the best possible estimates of either population parameters or sample statistics from censored water quality data, and for assessments of their reliability.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i002p00147","usgsCitation":"Helsel, D., and Gilliom, R.J., 1986, Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 2. Verification and applications: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 147-155, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i002p00147.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"147","endPage":"155","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224179,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b84e4b0c8380cd52764","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369794,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70014867,"text":"70014867 - 1986 - The Schwarzwalder uranium deposit, III: Alteration, vein mineralization, light stable isotopes, and genesis of the deposit","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-05T17:53:56.035825","indexId":"70014867","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Schwarzwalder uranium deposit, III: Alteration, vein mineralization, light stable isotopes, and genesis of the deposit","docAbstract":"The Schwartzwalder uranium deposit formed at 69.3 + or - 1.1 m.y. in a complex fracture system during the inception of Laramide uplift of the Front Range in Colorado. Geologic and isotopic evidence demonstrates that the ore-forming fluids were in chemical equilibrium with the Proterozoic metavolcanic and metasedimentary host-rock terrane at depth and that the metals, sulfur, and carbonate deposited in the fractures were derived from the metamorphic rocks. The data are not consistent with chemical contributions from an unrecognized magma or from the overlying Phanerozoic sedimentary rocks. The protoliths for the metamorphic rocks were submarine volcanic rocks and related volcanogenic exhalative iron-formations and chert. Water trapped along the basement faults and in the regolith between the basement and the overlying Paleozoic sedimentary rocks interacted with the metavolcanic rocks to produce isotopically heavy fluids containing high concentrations of dissolved metals and carbonate. Calculated delta 18 O values for this fluid range from 4.3 to 8.2 per mil, indicating a low water/rock ratio in the source terrane.Two stages of alteration and three stages of vein mineralization are recorded in the Schwartzwalder deposit. At the onset of Laramide faulting, fluids migrated along the fracture systems to zones of low hydraulic potential. These fluids contained CO 2 and had a metastably large K/Na ratio; they altered the gneissic wall rocks to a carbonate-sericite assemblage, adding K (super +) and CO 2 and removing SiO 2 with little or no change in volume. As the fractures continued to open, CO 2 was evolved from the fluids, increasing the pH and superimposing a hematite-adularia alteration assemblage on the earlier alteration.The veins record three stages of mineralization, the second of which generated the high-grade uranium veins. Evidence for the stage I sulfide-carbonate mineralization is poorly preserved, but isotopic and temperature data from this stage are consistent with a trend in fluid composition culminating in stage II pitchblende deposition. Sudden, large movements along the faults caused episodic evolution of CO 2 from the fluid. This loss of CO 2 decreased the solubilities of carbonates and adularia and the stabilities of sulfur species in solution. Uranyl carbonate complexes dissociated and sulfur species in solution likely reduced the uranyl ions to produce stage II pitchblende. Carbonate, adularia, and sulfides dominated the vein mineralogy after deposition of pitchblende. Progressively lower delta 18 O values in vein carbonates suggest the mixing of cooler, less evolved, perhaps meteoric, waters during the later stages of mineralization. However, the fluid pressure remained high, as indicated by explosion breccias and inward collapse features which formed as fault movements produced sudden decreases in the confining pressure. Only the stage III carbonate-iron disulfide assemblage in the major postore segment of the Illinois fault may be the product of meteoric water alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.872","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Wallace, A.R., and Whelan, J.F., 1986, The Schwarzwalder uranium deposit, III: Alteration, vein mineralization, light stable isotopes, and genesis of the deposit: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 4, p. 872-888, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.4.872.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"872","endPage":"888","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225855,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8dde4b08c986b321ed9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallace, A. R.","contributorId":59445,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallace","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Whelan, J. F.","contributorId":45328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Whelan","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015637,"text":"70015637 - 1986 - Nonlinear-regression groundwater flow modeling of a deep regional aquifer system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:30:48","indexId":"70015637","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Nonlinear-regression groundwater flow modeling of a deep regional aquifer system","docAbstract":"A nonlinear regression groundwater flow model, based on a Galerkin finite-element discretization, was used to analyze steady state two-dimensional groundwater flow in the areally extensive Madison aquifer in a 75,000 mi2 area of the Northern Great Plains. Regression parameters estimated include intrinsic permeabilities of the main aquifer and separate lineament zones, discharges from eight major springs surrounding the Black Hills, and specified heads on the model boundaries. Aquifer thickness and temperature variations were included as specified functions. The regression model was applied using sequential F testing so that the fewest number and simplest zonation of intrinsic permeabilities, combined with the simplest overall model, were evaluated initially; additional complexities (such as subdivisions of zones and variations in temperature and thickness) were added in stages to evaluate the subsequent degree of improvement in the model results. It was found that only the eight major springs, a single main aquifer intrinsic permeability, two separate lineament intrinsic permeabilities of much smaller values, and temperature variations are warranted by the observed data (hydraulic heads and prior information on some parameters) for inclusion in a model that attempts to explain significant controls on groundwater flow. Addition of thickness variations did not significantly improve model results; however, thickness variations were included in the final model because they are fairly well defined. Effects on the observed head distribution from other features, such as vertical leakage and regional variations in intrinsic permeability, apparently were overshadowed by measurement errors in the observed heads. Estimates of the parameters correspond well to estimates obtained from other independent sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i013p01759","usgsCitation":"Cooley, R.L., Konikow, L.F., and Naff, R.L., 1986, Nonlinear-regression groundwater flow modeling of a deep regional aquifer system: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 13, p. 1759-1778, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i013p01759.","productDescription":"20 p.","startPage":"1759","endPage":"1778","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223946,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Plains, Madison aquifer","volume":"22","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a616ae4b0c8380cd71950","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cooley, Richard L.","contributorId":8831,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooley","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":371418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Naff, Richard L.","contributorId":79867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Naff","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70136896,"text":"70136896 - 1986 - A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-15T17:47:31","indexId":"70136896","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2670,"text":"Marine Geotechnology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment","docAbstract":"An analysis of the relationship between organic matter and liquid and plastic limits, and grain‐specific gravity of a marine sediment was accomplished by making a stepwise adjustment in the organic content of that sediment. The sample used was from Santa Barbara Basin (off southern California) and is typical of fine‐grained marine sediments: it is a clayey silt with a common suite of minerals and other constituents. During the experiment, texture and composition (except organic content) were constant; only the quantity of natural, indigenous organic matter was changed.
\n\n
A strong linear relationship exists between the independent variable, the amount of organic carbon present in the sample, and the dependent variables. Liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index all increased with increasing organic content over the range studied (0.57–3.20% organic carbon). Grain‐specific gravity decreased. All had linear correlation coefficients (r) greater than |0.90| and r 2 values greater than 90%, except the plasticity index (83%).
\n\n
Comparing the results of regression analyses from this and several similar studies shows that although there is good qualitative agreement, there are quantitative inconsistencies. In particular there is considerable overall variability in the regression coefficients. Among studies on marine sediments the inconsistencies are less pronounced, yet still evident. The increase in liquid limit as organic carbon increased by 1 % sediment dry weight ranged from 9 to 28% water content; in the plastic limit the range was from 4 to 18%. However, in these marine studies regression coefficients are relatively close in value in some cases, levels of significance of the regressions are high in most cases, and in all cases the relationships appear to be linear over the range of organic carbon percentage studied. Finally, we believe that a relatively clear relationship between plasticity and organic carbon begins to emerge when the latter exceeds a value of 2%.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/10641198609388191","usgsCitation":"Taylor and Francis, 1986, A note on the relationships between organic matter and some geotechnical properties of a marine sediment: Marine Geotechnology, v. 6, no. 3, p. 281-297, https://doi.org/10.1080/10641198609388191.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"281","endPage":"297","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":296987,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"6","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2b1ee4b08de9379b3259"} ,{"id":27207,"text":"wri864088 - 1986 - Extractable cadmium, mercury, copper, lead, and zinc in the lower Columbia River estuary, Oregon and Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-10T18:34:17.218054","indexId":"wri864088","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4088","title":"Extractable cadmium, mercury, copper, lead, and zinc in the lower Columbia River estuary, Oregon and Washington","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864088","usgsCitation":"Fuhrer, G.J., 1986, Extractable cadmium, mercury, copper, lead, and zinc in the lower Columbia River estuary, Oregon and Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4088, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864088.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415519,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36539.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":56082,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4088/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123036,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4088/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon, Washington","otherGeospatial":"lower Columbia River estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.07820129524416,\n 46.312\n ],\n [\n -124.07820129524416,\n 46.159965275421456\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 46.159965275421456\n ],\n [\n -123.75,\n 46.312\n ],\n [\n -124.07820129524416,\n 46.312\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f89fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fuhrer, Gregory J. gjfuhrer@usgs.gov","contributorId":944,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuhrer","given":"Gregory","email":"gjfuhrer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":197734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70043706,"text":"70043706 - 1986 - Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-23T14:43:39","indexId":"70043706","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":378,"text":"Publications of the US Geological Survey","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":6}},"title":"Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981","docAbstract":"This catalog is a list of books and maps published between 1971 and 1981. It supplements the past permanent catalogs \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1879-1961\" and \"Publications of the Geological Survey, 1962-1970.\" It also lists those reports in the 1879-1961 and 1962-70 catalogs that are out of stock and NO LONGER AVAILABLE.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Government Printing Office","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.3133/70043706","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 1986, Publications of the U.S. Geological Survey, 1971-1981: Publications of the US Geological Survey, v, 1276 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70043706.","productDescription":"v, 1276 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":332927,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043706/report_v2.pdf","text":"Volume 2","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":272663,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043706/report.pdf","text":"Volume 1","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":267642,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70043706/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5124ad62e4b0b6328103b4ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535411,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":26539,"text":"wri864126 - 1986 - Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: Lithologic logs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-11T18:59:32.302668","indexId":"wri864126","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"86-4126","title":"Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: Lithologic logs","docAbstract":"The geologic framework of the surficial aquifer system in Dade County, Florida, was investigated as part of a longterm study by the USGS in cooperation with the South Florida Water Management District, to describe the geology, hydrologic characteristics, and groundwater quality of the surficial aquifer system. Thirty-three test wells were drilled completely through the surficial aquifer system and into the underlying, relatively impermeable units of the Tamiami and Hawthorn Formations. Detailed lithologic logs were made from microscopic examination of rock cuttings and cores obtained from these wells. The logs were used to prepare geologic sections that show the lithologic variations, thickness of the lithologic units, and different geologic formations that comprise the aquifers system.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri864126","usgsCitation":"Causaras, C., 1986, Geology of the surficial aquifer system, Dade County, Florida: Lithologic logs: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 86-4126, Report: 240 p.; 3 Plates: 41.81 x 34.84 inches or smaller, https://doi.org/10.3133/wri864126.","productDescription":"Report: 240 p.; 3 Plates: 41.81 x 34.84 inches or smaller","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":415587,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36566.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":55406,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55405,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55404,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":55403,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":121933,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1986/4126/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Dade County","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.87,\n 25.922\n ],\n [\n -80.87,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -80.1338,\n 25.25\n ],\n [\n -80.138,\n 25.922\n ],\n [\n -80.87,\n 25.922\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c769","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Causaras, C. R.","contributorId":66679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Causaras","given":"C. R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014869,"text":"70014869 - 1986 - Seismically induced landslides: current research by the US Geological Survey.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014869","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1774,"text":"Geologia Applicata e Idrogeologia","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seismically induced landslides: current research by the US Geological Survey.","docAbstract":"We have produced a regional seismic slope-stability map and a probabilistic prediction of landslide distribution from a postulated earthquake. For liquefaction-induced landslides, in situ measurements of seismically induced pore-water pressures have been used to establish an elastic model of pore pressure generation. -from Authors","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geologia Applicata e Idrogeologia","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"04353870","usgsCitation":"Harp, E.L., Wilson, R.C., Keefer, D.K., and Wieczorek, G.F., 1986, Seismically induced landslides: current research by the US Geological Survey.: Geologia Applicata e Idrogeologia, v. 21, no. 2, p. 159-173.","startPage":"159","endPage":"173","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225857,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"21","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8b88e4b08c986b3178df","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harp, E. L.","contributorId":59026,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harp","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369484,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wilson, R. C.","contributorId":50889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369483,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keefer, D. K.","contributorId":21176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keefer","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wieczorek, G. F.","contributorId":50143,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"G.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369482,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":28149,"text":"wri854068 - 1986 - Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-07T21:11:33.502893","indexId":"wri854068","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4068","title":"Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin","docAbstract":"A 5-year, data-collection and modeling study was conducted on Pheasant Branch basin in and near Middleton, Wisconsin. The objectives of the study were to: (1) describe the streamflow characteristics, sediment transport, and stream-channel morphology in the Pheasant Branch basin; and (2) relate the above factors to changes caused by urbanization and project the effect of urbanization on the hydrology and channel morphology of the study area.
\n\n
Streamflow data were collected at five sites for 4 years in the basin to defme present streamflow conditions. Suspended-sediment data also were collected at these sites. In addition, periodic surveys of monumented channel cross sections were made and compared with a survey from an earlier study to document changes in the channel over a period of 10 years.
\nThe suspended-sediment data show a decrease in suspended-sediment load through the fully urbanized reach of the stream in 3 of the 4 years studied. This corresponds with the slight net decrease in cross-section area in this reach for the same period. Possible explanations for the decrease in suspended-sediment loads through this reach include (1) sediment being trapped at the five drop structures and the Park Street erosion-control structure and (2) sediment being deposited in overbank areas throughout the reach. Farther downstream, the suspended-sediment load decreased through the Pheasant Branch marsh during a year of high flow but increased through the marsh in 2 of the 3 years for which complete data are available. The marsh is not acting as a net sediment trap in some years.
\nA rainfall-runoff model was calibrated and verified for the basin upstream from U.S. Highway 12. This model was used to simulate 68 years of summer flood hydrographs for three conditions: Current land use, projected urban development, and complete urban development of all lands in the basin. Analysis of simulated flood flows indicates that projected urban development would double the mean annual flood peaks at U.S. Highway 12. Complete development of the basin would increase the mean annual flood peak by a factor of 2.4.
\nFrom 1971 to 1977, the mean streambed elevation lowered by almost 2 feet, and the mean channel width increased by more than 35 percent in the reach downstream from the fully urbanized part of the basin. In other reaches, the mean streambed elevation lowered by more than a foot. Changes in channel cross sections after 1977 were smaller.
\nIncreases in flood flow would tend to enlarge the channel. An increase in the mean annual flood by a factor of 2. 0 to 2.4 will cause a 40 to 50 percent increase in channel width and a 30 to 40 percent increase in channel depth.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854068","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Wisconsin-Extension, Geological and Natural History Survey and the City of Middleton","usgsCitation":"Krug, W., and Goddard, G.L., 1986, Effects of urbanization on streamflow, sediment loads, and channel morphology in Pheasant Branch basin near Middleton, Wisconsin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4068, vi, 82 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854068.","productDescription":"vi, 82 p.","numberOfPages":"94","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":415474,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36247.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":123391,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":56979,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4068/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","county":"Dane County","city":"Middleton","otherGeospatial":"Pheasant Branch","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.16\n ],\n [\n -89.469,\n 43.049\n ],\n [\n -89.589,\n 43.049\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krug, W.R.","contributorId":23147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krug","given":"W.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goddard, G. L.","contributorId":10442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goddard","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":199299,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015200,"text":"70015200 - 1986 - Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-25T14:27:36.720211","indexId":"70015200","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":6453,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico","docAbstract":"At the Baca geothermal field in the Valles caldera, New Mexico, 19 deep wells were drilled in an attempt to develop a 50-MWe (megawatts electric) power plant. The chemical and isotopic compositions of steam and water samples have been used to indicate uniquely the origin of reservoir fluids and natural reservoir processes. Two distinct reservoir fluids exist at Baca. These fluids originate from the same deep, high-temperature (335°C), saline (2500 mg/kg Cl) parent water but have had different histories during upflow. One fluid (from wells 4 and 13) is isotopically light, high in radiogenic noble gases, CO2 and HCO3, and low in Ca. It has a temperature of 290°–295°C and a reservoir chloride near 1900 mg/kg. This fluid resulted from rapid upward flow through 1.1- to 1.4-m.y.-old Bandelier Tuff reservoir rocks after long residence in pre-Bandelier (>7 m.y.) sediments and Precambrian basement rocks and 25% dilution with high-altitude cold groundwater from Redondo Peak. The other water (from wells 15, 19, and 24) moved slowly through the Bandelier Tuff and cooled conductively (with minor steam loss for well 19) from 335°C to 280°–260°C. Apparently, short residence in old basement rocks has left this water with low radiogenic gases. Conductive cooling without mixing has kept the original chloride and relatively heavy isotope composition of the deep water. The recharge to the deep parent water is not well understood but may be from lower elevation precipitation outside the Valles caldera area. Gases are in equilibrium in all-liquid reservoir fluids at near reservoir temperatures, and the concentrations of atmospheric gases are similar to those of air-saturated water, indicating little boiling and steam loss. All water, solutes, and gases in the reservoir fluids originate from air-saturated meteoric recharge water, watermineral reactions, and rock leaching, with the possible exception of excess 3He that must have an ultimate mantle source. This gas could originate directly from magma or from leaching of intrusive volcanic rocks beneath the Bandelier.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/JB091iB02p01817","issn":"01480227","usgsCitation":"Truesdell, A., and Janik, C.J., 1986, Reservoir processes and fluid origins in the Baca geothermal system, Valles Caldera, New Mexico: Journal of Geophysical Research Solid Earth, v. 91, no. B2, p. 1817-1833, https://doi.org/10.1029/JB091iB02p01817.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1817","endPage":"1833","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223642,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"B2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-09-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aa963e4b0c8380cd85d88","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Truesdell, A.H.","contributorId":52566,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Truesdell","given":"A.H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6672,"text":"former: USGS Southwest Biological Science Center, Colorado Plateau Research Station, Flagstaff, AZ. Current address: TN-SCORE, Univ of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, e-mail: jennen@gmail.com","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":370307,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Janik, C. J.","contributorId":10795,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Janik","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":370306,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70015023,"text":"70015023 - 1986 - A new model for humic materials and their interactions with hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil-water or sediment-water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T15:19:12.479021","indexId":"70015023","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new model for humic materials and their interactions with hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil-water or sediment-water systems","docAbstract":"A generalized model of humic materials in soils and sediments, which is consistent with their observed properties, is presented. This model provides a means of understanding the interaction of hydrophobic pollutants with humic materials. In this model, it is proposed that the humic materials in soils and sediments consist of a number of different oligomers and simple compounds which result from the partial degradation of plant remains. These degradation products are stabilized by incorporation into humic aggregates bound together by weak bonding mechanisms, such as hydrogen bonding, pi bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. The resulting structures are similar to micelles or membranes, in which the interiors of the structures are hydrophobic and the exteriors are hydrophilic. Hydrophobic compounds will partition into the hydrophobic interiors of the humic micelles or \"membrane-like\" structures. ?? 1986.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(86)90005-7","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., 1986, A new model for humic materials and their interactions with hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil-water or sediment-water systems: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 1, no. 1-2, p. 29-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(86)90005-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4abe4b0c8380cd46815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95241,"text":"95241 - 1986 - Managing water heating costs for intensive culture of tiger muskellunge","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:54","indexId":"95241","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Managing water heating costs for intensive culture of tiger muskellunge","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Managing Muskies: A Treatise on the Biology and Propagation of Muskellunge in North America : Special Publication 15","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","collaboration":"87-056/NF","usgsCitation":"Krise, W.F., and Fuss, J.T., 1986, Managing water heating costs for intensive culture of tiger muskellunge, chap. of Managing Muskies: A Treatise on the Biology and Propagation of Muskellunge in North America : Special Publication 15, p. 352-356.","productDescription":"p. 352-356","startPage":"352","endPage":"356","numberOfPages":"5","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127423,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ac21","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hall, C.E.","contributorId":113744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"C.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505421,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Krise, W. F.","contributorId":50842,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krise","given":"W.","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298722,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fuss, J. T.","contributorId":37673,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fuss","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":298721,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1000519,"text":"1000519 - 1986 - Comparison of species composition and richness of fish assemblages in altered and unaltered littoral habitats","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-01-14T09:42:09","indexId":"1000519","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2299,"text":"Journal of Freshwater Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of species composition and richness of fish assemblages in altered and unaltered littoral habitats","docAbstract":"Species composition and richness of fish assemblages in altered and unaltered littoral habitats in Lake St. Clair, Michigan, differed between areas. A percid-cyprinid-cyprinodontid assemblage dominated in the unaltered area, Muscamoot Bay, which has a natural shoreline (with almost no alteration due to dredging or bulkheading), high water quality, and high species richness of aquatic macrophytes. A centrarchid assemblage dominated in the altered area, Belvidere Bay, which has a bulkheaded shoreline, many dredged areas, reduced water quality due to inputs of nutrients from a nearby river, and relatively low species richness of aquatic macrophytes. Habitat factors, species richness and abundance of aquatic macrophytes, had the most influence on fish community structure in both areas. The percid-cyprinid-cyprinodontid assemblage was significantly correlated with six species of macrophytes whereas the centrarchid assemblage was significantly correlated with only four. These patterns suggest that preference for diverse habitats was higher, and tolerance to habitat alteration lower, in percid-cyprinid-cyprinodontid assemblages than in centrarchid assemblages.","language":"English","publisher":" Oikos Publishers","doi":"10.1080/02705060.1986.9665146","usgsCitation":"Poe, T., Hatcher, C., Brown, C.L., and Schloesser, D.W., 1986, Comparison of species composition and richness of fish assemblages in altered and unaltered littoral habitats: Journal of Freshwater Ecology, v. 3, no. 4, p. 525-536, https://doi.org/10.1080/02705060.1986.9665146.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"525","endPage":"536","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Lake St. Claire","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -83.1170654296875,\n 42.224449701009725\n ],\n [\n -83.1170654296875,\n 42.73894375124379\n ],\n [\n -82.3040771484375,\n 42.73894375124379\n ],\n [\n -82.3040771484375,\n 42.224449701009725\n ],\n [\n -83.1170654296875,\n 42.224449701009725\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adfd9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Poe, T.P.","contributorId":51687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poe","given":"T.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatcher, C.O.","contributorId":81837,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatcher","given":"C.O.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, C. L.","contributorId":35678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":308680,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schloesser, D. 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P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":299535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":95277,"text":"95277 - 1986 - Mineral nutrition : effects of phosphorus in trout and salmon feeds on water pollution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:03:56","indexId":"95277","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Mineral nutrition : effects of phosphorus in trout and salmon feeds on water pollution","docAbstract":"No abstract available at this time","largerWorkType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nutrition and Feeding in Fish","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"language":"English","publisher":"Academic Press","publisherLocation":"London, UK","collaboration":"86-087/TL","usgsCitation":"Ketola, H.G., 1986, Mineral nutrition : effects of phosphorus in trout and salmon feeds on water pollution, chap. of Nutrition and Feeding in Fish, p. 465-473.","productDescription":"p. 465-473","startPage":"465","endPage":"473","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":127621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635b88","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cowey, C.B.","contributorId":112159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowey","given":"C.B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505470,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mackle, A.M.","contributorId":111914,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mackle","given":"A.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505469,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bell, J.G.","contributorId":113223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bell","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505471,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Ketola, H. 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W.","contributorId":38082,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meade","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herman, R. L.","contributorId":21101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herman","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":319193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1001488,"text":"1001488 - 1986 - Western Stump Lake, a major canvasback staging area in eastern North Dakota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-29T12:41:02","indexId":"1001488","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3111,"text":"Prairie Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Western Stump Lake, a major canvasback staging area in eastern North Dakota","docAbstract":"Large numbers of waterfowl, especially canvasback (Aythya valisineria), used Western Stump Lake as a staging area during most of October 1985. Selection of the lake as a conditioning site by this species likely is caused by extensive, shallow-water beds of sago pondweed (Potamogeton pectinatus) and lack of human disturbance. A brief limnological and historical account of the lake is provided.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Prairie Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Kantrud, H., 1986, Western Stump Lake, a major canvasback staging area in eastern North Dakota: Prairie Naturalist, v. 18, no. 4, p. 247-253.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"253","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133630,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e486ee4b07f02db50c371","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kantrud, H.A.","contributorId":28553,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kantrud","given":"H.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":311125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70014517,"text":"70014517 - 1986 - Eureka Quartzite in Mexico? - Tectonic implications","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-30T00:36:02.147467","indexId":"70014517","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eureka Quartzite in Mexico? - Tectonic implications","docAbstract":"At Cerro Cobachi, 90 km east of Hermosillo, Sonora, an Ordovician to Permian miogeoclinal assemblage and an Ordovician to Permian siliceous deep-water assemblage were juxtaposed by thrust faulting between mid-Permian and latest Cretaceous time. Both assemblages resemble counterparts in the Great Basin. One formation, an ultramature quartzite unit in the miogeoclinal assemblage, closely resembles the Middle Ordovician Eureka Quartzite. In the southern Great Basin, isopach lines of the Eureka trend south-southwestward. From a maximum thickness of 134 m near Owens Lake, California, the Eureka thins and splays northward in the southern Inyo Mountains and thins southeastward in the Nopah Range. But south-southwestward, parallel with the isopach lines, it apparently ends abruptly as if faulted. Because the Paleozoic stratigraphy of the western Great Basin and that of west Texas have elements in common, it is quite possible that the southwest-trending facies belts of the Great Basin originally wrapped around the southern border of the continent through northern Mexico and joined corresponding belts in Texas. Two hypotheses are suggested: (1) the Cerro Cobachi terrane, of which the quartzite is a part, is indigenous to northern Mexico, and (2) the Cerro Cobachi terrane is indigenous to California and was displaced tectonically to northern Mexico. The second hypothesis is favored by the apparently abrupt termination of the Eureka Quartzite near Owens Lake, the nearly identical thickness of the two quartzites, and their nearly identical lithic composition and texture.