{"pageNumber":"1986","pageRowStart":"49625","pageSize":"25","recordCount":68930,"records":[{"id":70015596,"text":"70015596 - 1986 - SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:57","indexId":"70015596","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER.","docAbstract":"Saltwater intrusion is particularly dynamic in coastal Dade County because of the high permeability of the Biscayne aquifer, because of the good interconnection between canals and the aquifer, and because of the seasonal rainfall. The problem is accentuated as urban growth continues to encroach on inland wetland areas which results in lowered inland water levels. This lowering reduces the seaward freshwater hydraulic gradient and the freshwater head at the coast, both of which govern the intrusion of saltwater.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Waller, B.G., 1986, SALTWATER INTRUSION IN A HIGHLY TRANSMISSIVE UNCONFINED AQUIFER., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 97-104.","startPage":"97","endPage":"104","numberOfPages":"8","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224161,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaef5e4b0c8380cd872ed","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waller, Bradley G.","contributorId":83492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waller","given":"Bradley","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371326,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015683,"text":"70015683 - 1986 - Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70015683","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system","docAbstract":"This study is an investigation of the chemical changes in the Mount St. Helens fumarole gases up to October 1981, the sources of the fumarole gases, and the stability of gas species in the shallow magma system. These problems are investigated by calculations of element compositions, thermodynamic equilibria, and magmatic volatile-hydrothermal steam mixing models. The fumarole gases are treated as mixtures of magmatic volatiles and hydrothermal steam formed by magma degassing and boiling of local waters in a dryout zone near conduit and dome magma. The magmatic volatile fraction is significant in fumaroles with temperatures in excess of the magma cracking-temperature (??? 700??C) - i.e., the temperature below which cracking is induced by thermal stresses during cooling and solidification. Linear composition changes of the fumarole gases over time appear to be the result of a steady decline in the magmatic volatile mixing fraction, which may be due to the tapping of progressively volatile-depleted magma. The maximum proportion of hydrothermal steam in the fumaroles rose from about 25-35% in September 1980 to around 50-70% by October 1981. Fractional degassing of magmatic CO2 and sulfur also contributed to the chemical changes in the fumarole gases. The steady chemical changes indicate that replenishment of the magma system with undegassed magma was not significant between September 1980 and September 1981. Extrapolations of chemical trends suggest that fumarole gases emitted at the time of formation of the first dome in mid-June 1980 were more enriched in a magmatic volatile fraction and contained a minimum of 9% CO2. Calculations show H2S is the predominant sulfur species in Mount St. Helens magma below depths of 200 m. Rapid release of gases from magma below this depth is a plausible mechanism for producing the high H2S/SO2 observed in Mount St. Helens plumes during explosive eruptions. This study suggests that dacite-andesite volcanos may emit gases richer in CO2 during the earlier episodes of an eruptive cycle and burden the atmosphere with much more H2S than SO2 during explosive eruptions. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Gerlach, T., and Casadevall, T.J., 1986, Fumarole emissions at Mount St. Helens volcano, June 1980 to October 1981: Degassing of a magma-hydrothermal system: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 28, no. 1-2, p. 141-160.","startPage":"141","endPage":"160","numberOfPages":"20","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223895,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a140fe4b0c8380cd548b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gerlach, T.M.","contributorId":38713,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gerlach","given":"T.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Casadevall, T. J.","contributorId":96680,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casadevall","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015094,"text":"70015094 - 1986 - Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:30:11","indexId":"70015094","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium","docAbstract":"<p><span>Many parts of the Great Basin have thick zones of unsaturated alluvium which might be suitable for disposing of high-level radioactive wastes. A mathematical model accounting for the coupled transport of energy, water (vapor and liquid), and dry air was used to analyze one-dimensional, vertical transport above and below an areally extensive repository. Numerical simulations were conducted for a hypothetical repository containing spent nuclear fuel and located 100 m below land surface. Initial steady state downward water fluxes of zero (hydrostatic) and 0.0003 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span>were considered in an attempt to bracket the likely range in natural water flux. Predicted temperatures within the repository peaked after approximately 50 years and declined slowly thereafter in response to the decreasing intensity of the radioactive heat source. The alluvium near the repository experienced a cycle of drying and rewetting in both cases. The extent of the dry zone was strongly controlled by the mobility of liquid water near the repository under natural conditions. In the case of initial hydrostatic conditions, the dry zone extended approximately 10 m above and 15 m below the repository. For the case of a natural flux of 0.0003 m yr</span><sup>−1</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>the relative permeability of water near the repository was initially more than 30 times the value under hydrostatic conditions, consequently the dry zone extended only about 2 m above and 5 m below the repository. In both cases a significant perturbation in liquid saturation levels persisted for several hundred years. This analysis illustrates the extreme sensitivity of model predictions to initial conditions and parameters, such as relative permeability and moisture characteristic curves, that are often poorly known.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i005p00765","usgsCitation":"Pollock, D.W., 1986, Simulation of fluid flow and energy transport processes associated with high-level radioactive waste disposal in unsaturated alluvium: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 5, p. 765-775, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i005p00765.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"765","endPage":"775","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223856,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaf58e4b0c8380cd8753a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":370049,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014657,"text":"70014657 - 1986 - A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-06T07:00:55","indexId":"70014657","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1472,"text":"Economic Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco","docAbstract":"Three beds of manganese oxide ore in a 10 m-thick dolomite unit are associated with diagenetic features, and, are accordingly also diagenetic in their present aspect. Whether primary or introduced, the Mn mineralogy is attributed to reactions between fresh and saline ground-waters as the zone of mixing passed through the dolomite unit during a period of falling sea-level. The succession of diagenetic changes is: 1) precursor carbonates, 2) dolomite-janggunite, 3) hollandite-pyrolusite-chert-calcite.-G.J.N.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Economic Geologists","doi":"10.2113/gsecongeo.81.1.65","issn":"03610128","usgsCitation":"Force, E.R., Back, W., Spiker, E., and Knauth, L., 1986, A ground-water mixing model for the origin of the Imini manganese deposit (Cretaceous) of Morocco: Economic Geology, v. 81, no. 1, p. 65-79, https://doi.org/10.2113/gsecongeo.81.1.65.","productDescription":"15 p. ","startPage":"65","endPage":"79","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225721,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Morocco ","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-5.19386,35.75518],[-4.59101,35.33071],[-3.64006,35.39986],[-2.60431,35.17909],[-2.16991,35.1684],[-1.79299,34.52792],[-1.73345,33.91971],[-1.38805,32.86402],[-1.12455,32.65152],[-1.3079,32.26289],[-2.6166,32.09435],[-3.06898,31.7245],[-3.6475,31.63729],[-3.69044,30.89695],[-4.85965,30.50119],[-5.24213,30.00044],[-6.06063,29.7317],[-7.05923,29.57923],[-8.67412,28.84129],[-8.66559,27.65643],[-8.81781,27.65643],[-8.81783,27.65643],[-8.79488,27.1207],[-9.41304,27.08848],[-9.73534,26.86094],[-10.18942,26.86094],[-10.55126,26.99081],[-11.39255,26.88342],[-11.71822,26.10409],[-12.03076,26.03087],[-12.50096,24.77012],[-13.89111,23.69101],[-14.22117,22.31016],[-14.63083,21.86094],[-14.75095,21.5006],[-17.00296,21.42073],[-17.02043,21.42231],[-16.97325,21.88574],[-16.58914,22.15823],[-16.26192,22.67934],[-16.32641,23.01777],[-15.98261,23.72336],[-15.426,24.35913],[-15.08933,24.52026],[-14.82465,25.10353],[-14.80093,25.63626],[-14.43994,26.25442],[-13.7738,26.61889],[-13.13994,27.64015],[-13.12161,27.65415],[-12.61884,28.03819],[-11.68892,28.14864],[-10.90096,28.83214],[-10.39959,29.09859],[-9.56481,29.93357],[-9.81472,31.17774],[-9.43479,32.0381],[-9.30069,32.56468],[-8.65748,33.24025],[-7.65418,33.69706],[-6.91254,34.11048],[-6.24434,35.14587],[-5.92999,35.75999],[-5.19386,35.75518]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Morocco\"}}]}","volume":"81","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e40ee4b0c8380cd463aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Force, E. R.","contributorId":28235,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Force","given":"E.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Back, W.","contributorId":33839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Back","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spiker, E.C.","contributorId":103275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiker","given":"E.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Knauth, L.P.","contributorId":73755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Knauth","given":"L.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014656,"text":"70014656 - 1986 - Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-15T07:59:33","indexId":"70014656","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA)","docAbstract":"Seismic refraction studies were conducted over unconfined glacial aquifers in New England to determine: 1) depth of the underlying bedrock; 2) depth of the water table; 3) saturated thickness of the aquifer in areas not accessible to heavy drilling equipment; 4) areas where thick, unsaturated sediments overlie thickly saturated parts of the aquifer; and 5) locations of test holes and type of drilling equipment needed. These data were used in groundwater models and provided parameter values that required few adjustments during calibration. -from Author","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1190/1.1442083","issn":"00168033","usgsCitation":"Haeni, F., 1986, Application of seismic refraction methods in groundwater modeling studies in New England (USA): Geophysics, v. 51, no. 2, p. 236-249, https://doi.org/10.1190/1.1442083.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"236","endPage":"249","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225720,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"New England","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.9140625,\n              41.86956082699455\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.1904296875,\n              37.16031654673677\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.5771484375,\n              44.55916341529182\n            ],\n            [\n              -67.5,\n              47.27922900257082\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.3896484375,\n              47.57652571374621\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.6943359375,\n              41.80407814427234\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"51","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecaee4b0c8380cd49419","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeni, F.P.","contributorId":87105,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeni","given":"F.P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014650,"text":"70014650 - 1986 - Comparison of methods for the concentration of suspended sediment in river water for subsequent chemical analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T16:13:23.380872","indexId":"70014650","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comparison of methods for the concentration of suspended sediment in river water for subsequent chemical analysis","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00144a007","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Horowltz, A., 1986, Comparison of methods for the concentration of suspended sediment in river water for subsequent chemical analysis: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 2, p. 155-160, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00144a007.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"155","endPage":"160","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":225589,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059f875e4b0c8380cd4d100","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Horowltz, A.J.","contributorId":98472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Horowltz","given":"A.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014647,"text":"70014647 - 1986 - A fan dam for Tulare Lake, California, and implications for the Wisconsin glacial history of the Sierra Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-28T12:15:35.819846","indexId":"70014647","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1786,"text":"Geological Society of America Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A fan dam for Tulare Lake, California, and implications for the Wisconsin glacial history of the Sierra Nevada","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15275619\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Historic fluctuations and late Quaternary deposits of Tulare Lake, in the southern San Joaquin Valley, indicate that maximum lake size has depended chiefly on the height of a frequently overtopped spillway. This dependence gives Tulare Lake a double record of paleoclimate. Climate in the Tulare Lake region has influenced the degree to which the lake fills its basin during dry seasons and dry years: during the past 100,000–130,000 yr, incidence of desiccation of Tulare Lake (inferred from stiffness, mud cracks, and other hand-specimen properties) has been broadly consistent with the lake's salinity and depth (inferred from diatoms and ostracodes) and with regional vegetation (inferred from pollen). Climate, however, also appears to control basin capacity itself: Tulare Lake becomes large as a consequence of glacial-outwash aggradation of its alluvial-fan dam.</p><p>Late Wisconsin enlargement of Tulare Lake probably resulted from the last major glaciation of the Sierra Nevada. The lake's spillway coincides with the axis of the glacial-outwash fan of a major Sierra Nevada stream; moreover, sediment deposited in the transgressive lake resembles glacial rock flour from the Sierra Nevada. Differential tectonic subsidence and deposition by a Coast Range creek facilitated the building of Tulare Lake's fan dam during the late Wisconsin but were less important than deposition of Sierra Nevada outwash. Four stratigraphically consistent<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>14</sup>C dates on peat and wood give an age of 26,000 yr B.P. for the start of Tulare Lake's late Wisconsin transgression. The last major Sierra Nevada glaciation (Tioga glaciation) thus may have begun about 26,000 yr B.P., provided that vigorous glacial-outwash deposition began early in the glaciation. Onset of the Tioga glaciation about 26,000 yr B.P. is consistent with new stratigraphic and radiocarbon data from the northeastern San Joaquin Valley. These data suggest that the principal episode of glacial-outwash deposition of Wisconsin age began in the San Joaquin Valley after 32,000 yr B.P., rather than at least 40,000 yr B.P., as previously believed.</p><p>An earlier enlargement of Tulare Lake probably resulted from a fan dam produced by the penultimate major (Tahoe) glaciation of the Sierra Nevada. Average sedimentation rates inferred from depths to a 600,000-yr-old clay and from radiocarbon dates indicate that this earlier lake originated no later than 100,000 yr B.P. The Tahoe glaciation therefore is probably pre-Wisconsin.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<97:AFDFTL>2.0.CO;2","usgsCitation":"Atwater, B., 1986, A fan dam for Tulare Lake, California, and implications for the Wisconsin glacial history of the Sierra Nevada: Geological Society of America Bulletin, v. 97, no. 1, p. 97-109, https://doi.org/10.1130/0016-7606(1986)97<97:AFDFTL>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"97","endPage":"109","numberOfPages":"13","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225586,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"97","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e3cbe4b0c8380cd46218","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atwater, B.F. 0000-0003-1155-2815","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1155-2815","contributorId":14006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atwater","given":"B.F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014642,"text":"70014642 - 1986 - Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide from water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T12:07:21","indexId":"70014642","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide from water","docAbstract":"Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide (EDB) and water were determined in the laboratory as a function of wind speed and temperature. The ratio of the coefficients was independent of wind speed and increased slightly with temperature. Use of this ratio with an environmentally determined gas-film coefficient for the evaporation of water permits determination of the gas-film coefficient for the volatilization of EDB from environmental waters.","language":"English","publisher":"ACS","doi":"10.1021/es00151a016","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Rathbun, R.E., and Tal, D., 1986, Gas-film coefficients for the volatilization of ethylene dibromide from water: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 9, p. 949-952, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00151a016.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"949","endPage":"952","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":225460,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a14dce4b0c8380cd54bd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rathbun, R. E.","contributorId":61796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rathbun","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tal, D.Y.","contributorId":74887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tal","given":"D.Y.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70014640,"text":"70014640 - 1986 - Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:34","indexId":"70014640","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters","docAbstract":"We report here the discovery of giant lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites (>2 m high) growing in 7-8 m of clear oceanic water in current-swept channels between the Exuma Islands on the eastern Bahama Bank. They grow by trapping ooid and pelletal carbonate sand and synsedimentary precipitation of carbonate cement within a field of giant megaripples. The discovery is important to geologists and biologists because similar organo-sedimentary structures built by a combination of cementation and the trapping of sediment by microbes were the dominant fossil types during the Precambrian. Stromatolites are thought to have been responsible for the production of free oxygen and thus the evolution of animal life1,2. Until the discovery of small lithified subtidal columnar stromatolites in the Bahamas3, the only subtidal marine examples known to be living while undergoing lithification were in the hypersaline waters of Hamelin Pool at Shark Bay, Western Australia4-7. Shark Bay stromatolites range from intertidal to the shallow subtidal with the larger columns reaching 1 m in height. The Shark Bay stromatolites have strongly influenced geological interpretation; by analogy, many ancient stromatolites have been considered to have grown in intertidal and/or hypersaline conditions8, although hypersalinity was not a necessity for growth during the Precambrian because grazing metazoan life had not then evolved. ?? 1986 Nature Publishing Group.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Nature","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1038/324055a0","issn":"00280836","usgsCitation":"Dill, R., Shinn, E., Jones, A., Kelly, K., and Steinen, R., 1986, Giant subtidal stromatolites forming in normal salinity waters: Nature, v. 324, no. 6092, p. 55-58, https://doi.org/10.1038/324055a0.","startPage":"55","endPage":"58","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205629,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1038/324055a0"},{"id":225458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"324","issue":"6092","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a28f1e4b0c8380cd5a55c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dill, R.F.","contributorId":27618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dill","given":"R.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shinn, E.A.","contributorId":38610,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinn","given":"E.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jones, A.T.","contributorId":34662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"A.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kelly, K.","contributorId":45844,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kelly","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Steinen, R.P.","contributorId":26450,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinen","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70014626,"text":"70014626 - 1986 - Recovery of several volatile organic compounds from simulated water samples: Effect of transport and storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-19T16:17:03.956115","indexId":"70014626","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recovery of several volatile organic compounds from simulated water samples: Effect of transport and storage","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es00150a012","issn":"0013936X","usgsCitation":"Friedman, L., Schroder, L., and Brooks, M., 1986, Recovery of several volatile organic compounds from simulated water samples: Effect of transport and storage: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 20, no. 8, p. 826-829, https://doi.org/10.1021/es00150a012.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"826","endPage":"829","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":226236,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"20","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2002-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a33ce4b0e8fec6cdb7d2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Friedman, L.C.","contributorId":57080,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Friedman","given":"L.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schroder, L.J.","contributorId":31767,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schroder","given":"L.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":368854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brooks, M.G.","contributorId":103410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70014619,"text":"70014619 - 1986 - X-ray crystallographic and tungsten-183 nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies of the [M4(H2O)2(XW9O34) 2]10- heteropolyanions (M = COII or Zn, X = P or As)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:30","indexId":"70014619","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2537,"text":"Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"X-ray crystallographic and tungsten-183 nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies of the [M4(H2O)2(XW9O34) 2]10- heteropolyanions (M = COII or Zn, X = P or As)","docAbstract":"The crystal structures of K10[Co4(H2O)2(PW9O 34)2]??22H2O (1) and isomorphous K10[Zn4(H2O)2(AsW9O 34)2]??23H2O (2) have been determined {Mo-K?? radiation, space group P21/n, Z = 2; (1) a = 15.794(2), b = 21.360(2), c = 12.312(1) A??, ?? = 91.96??, R = 0.084 for 3 242 observed reflections [I ??? 3??(I)]; (2) a = 15.842(4), b = 21.327(5), c = 12.308(4) A??, ?? = 92.42(4)??, R = 0.066 for 4 675 observed reflections [F ??? 3??(F)]}. The anions have crystallographic symmetry 1 and non-crystallographic symmetry very close to 2/m (C2h). Each consists of two [XW9O34]9- moieties [??-B isomers; X = P (1) or As (2)] linked via four CoIIO6 or ZnO6 groups. Two Co or Zn atoms each carry a water ligand. The 183W n.m.r. spectra of the anions [Zn4(H2O)2(XW9O34) 2]10- (X = P or As) confirm that the anions retain 2/m symmetry in aqueous solution. Homonuclear coupling constants between 183W atoms are 5.8-9.0 Hz for adjacent WO6 octahedra sharing edges, and 19.6-25.0 Hz for octahedra sharing corners.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1039/DT9860002699","issn":"14727773","usgsCitation":"Evans, H., Tourne, C., Tourne, G., and Weakley, T., 1986, X-ray crystallographic and tungsten-183 nuclear magnetic resonance structural studies of the [M4(H2O)2(XW9O34) 2]10- heteropolyanions (M = COII or Zn, X = P or As): Journal of the Chemical Society, Dalton Transactions, no. 12, p. 2699-2705, https://doi.org/10.1039/DT9860002699.","startPage":"2699","endPage":"2705","numberOfPages":"7","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205686,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1039/DT9860002699"},{"id":226167,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1ece4b08c986b32f5e6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, H. T.","contributorId":82070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"H. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tourne, C.M.","contributorId":77276,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourne","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tourne, G.F.","contributorId":105833,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tourne","given":"G.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Weakley, T.J.R.","contributorId":107403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weakley","given":"T.J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":368840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014925,"text":"70014925 - 1986 - VISCOPLASTIC FLUID MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW ROUTING.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:59","indexId":"70014925","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"VISCOPLASTIC FLUID MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW ROUTING.","docAbstract":"This paper describes how a generalized viscoplastic fluid model, which was developed based on non-Newtonian fluid mechanics, can be successfully applied to routing a debris flow down a channel. The one-dimensional dynamic equations developed for unsteady clear-water flow can be used for debris flow routing if the flow parameters, such as the momentum (or energy) correction factor and the resistance coefficient, can be accurately evaluated. The writer's generalized viscoplastic fluid model can be used to express such flow parameters in terms of the rheological parameters for debris flow in wide channels. A preliminary analysis of the theoretical solutions reveals the importance of the flow behavior index and the so-called modified Froude number for uniformly progressive flow in snout profile modeling.","conferenceTitle":"Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference.","conferenceLocation":"Long Beach, CA, USA","language":"English","publisher":"ASCE","publisherLocation":"New York, NY, USA","isbn":"0872625451","usgsCitation":"Chen, C., 1986, VISCOPLASTIC FLUID MODEL FOR DEBRIS FLOW ROUTING., Water Forum '86: World Water Issues in Evolution, Proceedings of the Conference., Long Beach, CA, USA, p. 10-18.","startPage":"10","endPage":"18","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224059,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc0ebe4b08c986b32a3b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Cheng-lung","contributorId":30752,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chen","given":"Cheng-lung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369623,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015644,"text":"70015644 - 1986 - Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-19T10:28:14","indexId":"70015644","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>Analysis of water-level fluctuations in about 30 observation wells and 5 lakes in the Crescent Lake National Wildlife Refuge in the sandhills of Nebraska indicates water-table configuration beneath sand dunes in this area varies considerably, depending on the configuration of the topography of the dunes. If the topography of an interlake dunal area is hummocky, ground-water recharge is focused at topographic lows causing formation of water-table mounds. These mounds prevent ground-water movement from topographically high lakes to adjacent lower lakes. If a dune ridge is sharp, the opportunity for focused recharge does not exist, resulting in water-table troughs between lakes. Lakes aligned in descending altitudes, parallel to the principal direction of regional ground-water movement, generally have seepage from higher lakes toward lower lakes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0022-1694(86)90166-6","issn":"00221694","usgsCitation":"Winter, T.C., 1986, Effect of ground-water recharge on configuration of the water table beneath sand dunes and on seepage in lakes in the sandhills of Nebraska, U.S.A.: Journal of Hydrology, v. 86, no. 3-4, p. 221-237, https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-1694(86)90166-6.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"237","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.625,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              43.100982876188546\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.150390625,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a05e5e4b0c8380cd50ff2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Winter, T. C.","contributorId":23485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015023,"text":"70015023 - 1986 - A new model for humic materials and their interactions with hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil-water or sediment-water systems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-03-15T15:19:12.479021","indexId":"70015023","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2233,"text":"Journal of Contaminant Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A new model for humic materials and their interactions with hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil-water or sediment-water systems","docAbstract":"A generalized model of humic materials in soils and sediments, which is consistent with their observed properties, is presented. This model provides a means of understanding the interaction of hydrophobic pollutants with humic materials. In this model, it is proposed that the humic materials in soils and sediments consist of a number of different oligomers and simple compounds which result from the partial degradation of plant remains. These degradation products are stabilized by incorporation into humic aggregates bound together by weak bonding mechanisms, such as hydrogen bonding, pi bonding, and hydrophobic interactions. The resulting structures are similar to micelles or membranes, in which the interiors of the structures are hydrophobic and the exteriors are hydrophilic. Hydrophobic compounds will partition into the hydrophobic interiors of the humic micelles or \"membrane-like\" structures. ?? 1986.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0169-7722(86)90005-7","issn":"01697722","usgsCitation":"Wershaw, R., 1986, A new model for humic materials and their interactions with hydrophobic organic chemicals in soil-water or sediment-water systems: Journal of Contaminant Hydrology, v. 1, no. 1-2, p. 29-45, https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-7722(86)90005-7.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"29","endPage":"45","numberOfPages":"17","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223691,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e4abe4b0c8380cd46815","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wershaw, R.L.","contributorId":62223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wershaw","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015024,"text":"70015024 - 1986 - Selective chemical dissolution of sulfides: An evaluation of six methods applicable to assaying sulfide-bound nickel","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:33:13","indexId":"70015024","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Selective chemical dissolution of sulfides: An evaluation of six methods applicable to assaying sulfide-bound nickel","docAbstract":"Six analytical techniques for the selective chemical dissolution of sulfides are compared with the purpose of defining the best method for accurately determining the concentration of sulfide-bound nickel. Synthesized sulfide phases of known elemental content, mixed with well-analyzed silicates, were used to determine the relative and absolute efficiency, based on Ni and Mg recovery, of the techniques. Tested leach-methods purported to dissolve sulfide from silicate phases include: brominated water, brominated water-carbon tetrachloride, nitric-hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide-ammonium citrate, bromine-methanol and hydrogen peroxide-ascorbic acid. Only the hydrogen peroxide-ammonium citrate method did not prove adequate in dissolving the sulfide phases. The remaining five methods dissolved the sulfide phases, but the indicated amount of attack on the silicate portion ranged from 3% to 100%. The bromine-methanol method is recommended for assaying sulfide-Ni deposits when Ni is also present in silicate phases. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(86)90079-3","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Klock, P., Czamanske, G., Foose, M., and Pesek, J., 1986, Selective chemical dissolution of sulfides: An evaluation of six methods applicable to assaying sulfide-bound nickel: Chemical Geology, v. 54, no. 1-2, p. 157-162, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90079-3.","startPage":"157","endPage":"162","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266100,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90079-3"},{"id":223692,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"54","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8cdce4b08c986b318175","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klock, P.R.","contributorId":62588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klock","given":"P.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Czamanske, G.K.","contributorId":26300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Czamanske","given":"G.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Foose, M.","contributorId":78478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foose","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pesek, J.","contributorId":18116,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pesek","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70015643,"text":"70015643 - 1986 - Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-27T11:40:16","indexId":"70015643","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3718,"text":"Water Resources Bulletin","printIssn":"0043-1370","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence","docAbstract":"<p><span>A water‐sampling apparatus used for the isolation and detection of&nbsp;</span><i>Giardia</i><span>cysts in water has been designed and tested. The sampling apparatus uses one of a variety of pumps or waterline pressure to move water through a filter. Two of the optional pumps are lightweight enough to make the apparatus portable and thus suitable for sampling in remote areas. This technique of sample processing produces good cyst recovery in much less time than is required with previously established methods.&nbsp;</span><i>Giardia</i><span>&nbsp;cysts are identified using direct immunofluorescence.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00759.x","issn":"00431370","usgsCitation":"Sorenson, S.K., Riggs, J.L., Dileanis, P.D., and Suk, T.J., 1986, Isolation and detection of Giardia cysts from water using direct immunofluorescence: Water Resources Bulletin, v. 22, no. 5, p. 843-845, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1752-1688.1986.tb00759.x.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"843","endPage":"845","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224052,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2007-06-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a37d8e4b0c8380cd61203","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorenson, Stephen K.","contributorId":90314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sorenson","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Riggs, John L.","contributorId":28378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371431,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dileanis, Peter D. dileanis@usgs.gov","contributorId":71541,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dileanis","given":"Peter","email":"dileanis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Suk, Thomas J.","contributorId":34578,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suk","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70014948,"text":"70014948 - 1986 - System optimization for the automatic simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony, using hydride generation introduction to an inductively coupled plasma","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-02-28T17:22:20.126796","indexId":"70014948","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":847,"text":"Applied Spectroscopy","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"System optimization for the automatic simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony, using hydride generation introduction to an inductively coupled plasma","docAbstract":"<p><span>A fixed-size simplex has been used to determine the optimum conditions for the simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony by hydride generation and inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometry. The variables selected for the simplex were carrier gas flow rate, rf power, viewing height, and reagent conditions. The detection limit for selenium was comparable to the preoptimized case, but there were twofold and fourfold improvements in the detection limits for arsenic and antimony, respectively. Precision of the technique was assessed with the use of artificially prepared water samples.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Sage Journals","doi":"10.1366/0003702864509376","usgsCitation":"Pyen, G.S., Long, S., and Browner, R.F., 1986, System optimization for the automatic simultaneous determination of arsenic, selenium, and antimony, using hydride generation introduction to an inductively coupled plasma: Applied Spectroscopy, v. 40, no. 2, p. 246-251, https://doi.org/10.1366/0003702864509376.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"246","endPage":"251","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224393,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"40","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"1986-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aafb3e4b0c8380cd87737","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pyen, Grace S.","contributorId":73754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pyen","given":"Grace","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Long, Stephen","contributorId":34270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Long","given":"Stephen","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Browner, Richard F.","contributorId":19711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Browner","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015713,"text":"70015713 - 1986 - Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-20T12:18:38.929131","indexId":"70015713","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"<p>A recently discovered ore-grade accumulation of U in organic-rich sediments of late Quaternary age provides an opportunity for studying the early association of U, U-daughters, and organic matter in a natural setting. The U occurs in valley-fill sediments of peat, peaty clay, silt, and sand along the north fork of Flodelle Creek, Stevens County, Washington. Radiometric techniques (delayed neutron, high-resolution gamma-ray spectrometry, thin-source alpha spectrometry) were employed to determine the abundance and distribution of U-series nuclides, the extent of secular equilibrium within the U decay series, and the apparent U-series ages of U incorporation.</p><p>Sixteen lithologically distinct intervals were sampled from a 292 cm core. Uranium contents range from 140 to 2790 ppm and are positively correlated with organic contents. Measured alpha activity ratios of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U/<sup>238</sup>U (1.31–1.38) are very similar to those reported in coexisting waters, suggesting a rather constant isotopic composition of introduced U. Much lower Th contents of &lt;10–40 ppm are controlled by the type and abundance of silicate detritus. The youth of the host sediments (&lt;15 000 a) and the paucity of associated radioactivity suggested large excesses of U relative to radioactive daughters and such excesses were observed, particularly in the shallowest intervals. Apparent ages of U emplacement determined by the (alpha) activity ratio of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th daughter to<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U parent show a general increase with depth and fair agreement with estimated depositional ages. This observation suggests dominantly syndepositional or early post depositional emplacement of U followed by decay-generated buildup of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th daughter with time. However, interval by interval comparisons of the relative abundances of other daughters, particularly<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup>Ra and<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>210</sup>Pb, indicate variability caused by processes other than closed-system growth and decay, probably because chemically diverse daughters that are decay-generated<span>&nbsp;</span><i>in situ</i><span>&nbsp;</span>have differing mobilities and because upwelling ground water continuously adds more U and minor amounts of daughters. If<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>230</sup>Th is considered the least susceptible to these modifications, the data suggest some addition of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>234</sup>U in the deepest intervals and some loss of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>226</sup>Ra and/or gain of<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>222</sup>Rn throughout the studied core.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7","issn":"08832927","usgsCitation":"Zielinski, R.A., Bush, C.A., and Rosholt, J., 1986, Uranium series disequilibrium in a young surficial uranium deposit, northeastern Washington, U.S.A.: Applied Geochemistry, v. 1, no. 4, p. 503-511, https://doi.org/10.1016/0883-2927(86)90055-7.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"503","endPage":"511","numberOfPages":"9","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224437,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.05050660778001,\n              49.00261108256012\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37861946664799,\n              49.00261108256012\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.37861946664799,\n              47.71849255236455\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05050660778001,\n              47.71849255236455\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.05050660778001,\n              49.00261108256012\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bbdd5e4b08c986b32925c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zielinski, R. A. 0000-0002-4047-5129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4047-5129","contributorId":106930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zielinski","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371586,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bush, C. A.","contributorId":43344,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bush","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosholt, J.N.","contributorId":37749,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosholt","given":"J.N.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70015589,"text":"70015589 - 1986 - Mars: A water-rich planet?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T23:44:34.134365","indexId":"70015589","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mars: A water-rich planet?","docAbstract":"<div id=\"preview-section-abstract\"><div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif text-s\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id3\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id4\"><p>Mars had outgassed at least 0.5 to 1 km of water, 10 to 20 bar of CO<sub>2</sub>, and 0.1 to 0.3 bar of N<sub>2</sub>. The volatiles that have been retained are mostly in the cratered uplands. Terrain softening, fretted channels, debris flows, and closed depressions indicate that at least the upper 2 km of the cratered uplands at high latitudes (&gt;30°) contain ice in amounts that exceed the porosity, estimated to be 10–20%. Theoretical studies, and lack of these features in the cratered uplands at low latitudes, suggest that the upper 1 km of the uplands at low latitudes is ice poor. However, valley networks indicate that water was present near the surface early in the planet's history, although in amounts smaller than at high latitudes. The entire upper 1 km, planetwide is estimated to have contained 75–125 m of water at the end of heavy bombardment. The largest sink for water is the megaregolith below 1 km. Episodic eruption of water from the deep megaregolith cut many of the large outflow channels. From the volume of water needed to cut the circum-Chryse channels, and assuming uniform planetwide distribution of water, the deep megaregolith is estimated to have contained at least 350 m of water at the end of heavy bombardment, thereby giving a total minimum inventory of 424–475 m planetwide. Most of the water lost from the low-latitude uplands by diffusion and in cutting the valley networks is now believed to be in the polar layered terrains. Most of the water involved in cutting the outflow channels is in the low-lying northern plains where a variety of features that have been attributed to ground ice is present. A large fraction of the planet's surface has been overplated with water-poor volcanics, of which we have samples in the SNC meteorites. The younger volcanics have reacted extensively with the old volatile-rich basement. Some of the CO<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>and N<sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;</span>outgassed was lost during heavy bombardment by impact erosion of the atmosphere and other processes. The remaining was fixed carbonates and folded deep into the megaregolith during heavy bombardment.</p></div></div></div></div><div id=\"preview-section-introduction\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-snippets\"><br></div><div id=\"preview-section-references\"><br></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0019-1035(86)90019-9","issn":"00191035","usgsCitation":"Carr, M.H., 1986, Mars: A water-rich planet?: Icarus, v. 68, no. 2, p. 187-216, https://doi.org/10.1016/0019-1035(86)90019-9.","productDescription":"30 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"216","numberOfPages":"30","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224047,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"68","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a5229e4b0c8380cd6c1d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carr, M. H.","contributorId":84727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carr","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":371312,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015067,"text":"70015067 - 1986 - Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-21T08:34:25","indexId":"70015067","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal","docAbstract":"Concentrations of U, Th and Pb, and the isotopic composition of Pb for whole-rock samples of granitoids show: (1) that open-system behavior is nearly universal in the surface and near-surface environment; and (2) that elemental mobility is possible to depths of several hundred meters. Several identified or at least postulated factors that control U and/or Pb mobility include: (1) the mineralogical sites for U and its daughter products; (2) access of groundwater to these sites; (3) the volume of circulating water; and (4) the chemistry of the groundwater. Studies of granitic samples from peralkaline complexes in the Arabian Shield have shown that most samples lost less than 20% of their U during recent exposure to the near-surface environment. Most of the U in these samples appears to be firmly bound in zircons. In contrast, most surface and shallow drill-core samples of the granite of Lankin Dome (Granite Mountains, Wyoming) have lost ??? 70% of their U. Most of the U in these samples is weakly bound in biotite and epidote-family minerals. The granite recovered during the Illinois Deep Drill Hole Project (Stephenson County, Illinois) is mineralogically similar to the granite of Lankin Dome, but this granite lost radiogenic Pb rather than U, probably as a result of exposure to groundwater that had a markedly different chemistry from that in the Granite Mountains. Studies of the Sherman Granite (Wyoming) and the Go??temar Granite (southeastern Sweden) have shown that U and/or Pb mobility is greatest in and near fractured rock. The greater mobility is interpreted to be the result of both a larger water/rock ratio in the fractured rock and exposure to water over an increased surface area (and consequently a greater number of uranium sites). Several types of geochemical and mineralogic data can be used to identify rock-water interaction in granites; however, if rock samples have favorable radiogenic to common Pb ratios, both the amount and approximate timing of U or Pb mobility can be obtained through the use of isotopic studies. Such information can be extremely important in the search for favorable hosts for containment of radioactive waste. Rocks such as the Go??temar Granite have undergone considerable rock-water interaction, most of which occurred ??? 400 Myr. ago and little in recent times. Thus a search for zones that have experienced only a little interaction with water may provide a misleading prediction as to the ability of such zones to shield radioactive wastes from the modern biosphere. From an isotopic point of view, an ideal candidate for evaluation as a host rock for radioactive wastes would have the following characteristics: (1) a high ratio (> 2) of radiogenic to common Pb in order to optimize precision of the results; (2) a simple two-stage geologic history so that results could be interpreted without multiple working hypotheses; and (3) an originally high percentage (> 50%) of labile U so that the results would be highly sensitive to even small amount of rock-water interaction. These characteristics should produce rocks with marked radioactive disequilibrium in surface samples. The disequilibrium should grade to radioactive equilibrium with increasing depth until zones in which water has not circulated are found. Extensive regions of such zones must exist because UThPb systematics of most analyzed granitoids demonstrate closed-system behavior for almost all of their history except for their recent history in the near-surface environment. ?? 1986.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Chemical Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2","issn":"00092541","usgsCitation":"Stuckless, J., 1986, Applications of UThPb isotope systematics to the problems of radioactive waste disposal: Chemical Geology, v. 55, no. 3-4, p. 215-225, https://doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2.","startPage":"215","endPage":"225","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":266101,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2541(86)90025-2"},{"id":224287,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"55","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ecc5e4b0c8380cd49494","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stuckless, J. S.","contributorId":6060,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stuckless","given":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015071,"text":"70015071 - 1986 - Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-26T01:38:53.907839","indexId":"70015071","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition","docAbstract":"<div id=\"15570028\" class=\"article-section-wrapper js-article-section js-content-section  \" data-section-parent-id=\"0\"><p>Carbon and sulfur abundance and δ<sup>34</sup>S of pyrite sulfur were studied in cores of selected Cretaceous marine shales from the western interior of North America. Sulfur/carbon ratios average 0.67, a value greater than that observed in recent marine sediments and much higher than global values calculated for the Cretaceous. Increased S/C ratios probably result from generally low levels of bioturbation and enhanced efficiency of sulfate reduction due to low oxygen levels in the Cretaceous seaway. Isotopic compositions of pyrite sulfur vary systematically with the level of oxygenation of the depositional environment and therefore with organic carbon abundance and type of organic matter. Samples with organic carbon in excess of 4 wt% contain disseminated pyrite that is extremely depleted in<span>&nbsp;</span><sup>34</sup>S (mean δ<sup>34</sup>S = −31‰); these samples are laminated clay shales that contain hydrogen-rich (type II) organic matter. Samples containing less than 1.5% organic carbon display relatively “heavy” but wide ranging δ<sup>34</sup>S values (δ<sup>34</sup>S = −34.6‰ to +16.8‰; mean δ<sup>34</sup>S = −12.4‰); these samples are highly bioturbated and contain only type III, hydrogen-poor organic matter. Samples containing intermediate amounts of organic carbon contain pyrite with δ<sup>34</sup>S values averaging −25.9‰ and contain mixed type II and type III organic matter. The higher organic carbon content and the preservation of hydrogen-rich organic matter generally correlate with slow sedimentation. Samples rich in organic carbon and containing isotopically “light” sulfide sulfur accumulated beneath anoxic and perhaps sulfidic bottom waters. Samples with intermediate organic matter content and intermediate sulfur isotopic compositions accumulated under mainly dysaerobic bottom waters. Samples with relatively low amounts of organic carbon and wide-ranging but less negative sulfur isotopic values were deposited beneath oxygenated bottom waters. Sulfur-isotope data are apparently a sensitive indicator of diagenetic or depositional facies of fine-grained Cretaceous rocks in the western interior.</p></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<225:CSFTWI>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Gautier, D.L., 1986, Cretaceous shales from the western interior of North America: Sulfur/carbon ratios and sulfur-isotope composition: Geology, v. 14, no. 3, p. 225-228, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(1986)14<225:CSFTWI>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"225","endPage":"228","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224348,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fcade4b0c8380cd4e399","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gautier, D. L.","contributorId":69996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015055,"text":"70015055 - 1986 - Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-20T06:42:20","indexId":"70015055","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2545,"text":"Journal of the Geological Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition","docAbstract":"<div><div class=\"article-section-wrapper \"><p>The effects of acid deposition on surface waters in eastern United States watersheds having similar size, physiography, climate and land use are related to the composition of the underlying bedrock. Watersheds developed on greenstone, calcareous shale, sandstone, granite, and schist differ in their ability to neutralize acid deposition. Surface waters in watersheds developed on greenstone and calcareous shale are not discernably affected by acidification. Wastersheds developed on sand-stone have little capacity to neutralize acid rain; consequently, stream acidity is similar to that of precipitation. Watersheds developed on granite and schist are intermediate in their capacity to neutralize acid deposition. Bedrock composition appears to be the major property controlling surface-water chemistry in these systems; hydrologic flow paths and the nature of surficial materials and vegetation also influence chemical responses to acid deposition in watersheds.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1144/gsjgs.143.4.0621","issn":"00167649","usgsCitation":"Bricker, O.P., 1986, Geochemical investigations of selected Eastern United States watersheds affected by acid deposition: Journal of the Geological Society, v. 143, no. 4, p. 621-626, https://doi.org/10.1144/gsjgs.143.4.0621.","productDescription":"6 p. ","startPage":"621","endPage":"626","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":224126,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ],\n            [\n              -66.97265625,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              48.16608541901253\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.3515625,\n              24.5271348225978\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"143","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2022-06-06","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1649e4b0c8380cd5510e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bricker, Owen P.","contributorId":25142,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bricker","given":"Owen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":779751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70014951,"text":"70014951 - 1986 - Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-02-14T08:40:00","indexId":"70014951","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques","docAbstract":"<p><span>A recurring difficulty encountered in investigations of many metals and organic contaminants in ambient waters is that a substantial portion of water sample concentrations are below limits of detection established by analytical laboratories. Several methods were evaluated for estimating distributional parameters for such censored data sets using only uncensored observations. Their reliabilities were evaluated by a Monte Carlo experiment in which small samples were generated from a wide range of parent distributions and censored at varying levels. Eight methods were used to estimate the mean, standard deviation, median, and interquartile range. Criteria were developed, based on the distribution of uncensored observations, for determining the best performing parameter estimation method for any particular data set. The most robust method for minimizing error in censored-sample estimates of the four distributional parameters over all simulation conditions was the log-probability regression method. With this method, censored observations are assumed to follow the zero-to-censoring level portion of a lognormal distribution obtained by a least squares regression between logarithms of uncensored concentration observations and their&nbsp;</span><i>z</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>scores. When method performance was separately evaluated for each distributional parameter over all simulation conditions, the log-probability regression method still had the smallest errors for the mean and standard deviation, but the lognormal maximum likelihood method had the smallest errors for the median and interquartile range. When data sets were classified prior to parameter estimation into groups reflecting their probable parent distributions, the ranking of estimation methods was similar, but the accuracy of error estimates was markedly improved over those without classification.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/WR022i002p00135","usgsCitation":"Gilliom, R.J., and Helsel, D., 1986, Estimation of distributional parameters for censored trace level water quality data: 1. Estimation techniques: Water Resources Research, v. 22, no. 2, p. 135-146, https://doi.org/10.1029/WR022i002p00135.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"135","endPage":"146","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":224396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"22","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b83e4b0c8380cd52761","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":369689,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":369688,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70015575,"text":"70015575 - 1986 - A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-21T15:45:28.62196","indexId":"70015575","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1280,"text":"Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation","docAbstract":"<p><span>Harmonic decomposition is applied to the shallow water equations, thereby creating a system of equations for the amplitude of the various tidal constituents and for the residual motions. The resulting equations are elliptic in nature, are well posed and in practice are shown to be numerically well-behaved. There are a number of strategies for choosing elements: the two extremes are to use a few high-order elements with continous derivatives, or to use a large number of simpler linear elements. In this paper simple linear elements are used and prove effective.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/cnm.1630020410","usgsCitation":"Walters, R.A., 1986, A finite element model for tidal and residual circulation: Communications in Numerical Methods in Engineering, v. 2, no. 4, p. 393-398, https://doi.org/10.1002/cnm.1630020410.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"393","endPage":"398","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":223726,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2005-06-20","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0e76e4b0c8380cd5347a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walters, Roy A.","contributorId":74877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walters","given":"Roy","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70015571,"text":"70015571 - 1986 - The modification of an estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-01-18T11:39:41","indexId":"70015571","displayToPublicDate":"1986-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1986","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The modification of an estuary","docAbstract":"<p>The San Francisco Bay estuary has been rapidly modified by human activity. Diking and filling of most of its wetlands have eliminated habitats for fish and waterfowl; the introduction of exotic species has transformed the composition of its aquatic communities; reduction of freshwater inflow by more than half has changed the dynamics of its plant and animal communities; and wastes have contaminated its sediments and organisms. Continued disposal of toxic wastes, the probable further reduction in freshwater inflow, and the possible synergy between the two provide the potential for further alteration of the estuary's water quality and biotic communities.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Science ","doi":"10.1126/science.231.4738.567","issn":"00368075","usgsCitation":"Nichols, F., Cloern, J.E., Luoma, S.N., and Peterson, D.H., 1986, The modification of an estuary: Science, v. 231, no. 4738, p. 567-573, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.231.4738.567.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"567","endPage":"573","numberOfPages":"7","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":552,"text":"San Francisco Bay-Delta","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5079,"text":"Pacific Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":223671,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              37.28279464911045\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79443359375,\n              37.28279464911045\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.79443359375,\n              38.229550455326134\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              38.229550455326134\n            ],\n            [\n              -123.11279296875001,\n              37.28279464911045\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"231","issue":"4738","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bade0e4b08c986b323e3e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nichols, F.H.","contributorId":88020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"F.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":779747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, D. H.","contributorId":92229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":371260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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