Since 1950, mean annual temperatures in northwestern Alaska have increased. Change in forest floor and soil temperature or moisture could alter N mineralization rates, production of dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and organic nitrogen (DON), and their export to the aquatic ecosystem. In 1990, we began study of nutrient cycles in the 800-ha Asik watershed, located at treeline in the Noatak National Preserve, northwestern Alaska. This paper summarizes relationships between topographic aspect, soil temperature and moisture, inorganic and organic N pools, C pools, CO2 efflux, growing season net N mineralization rates, and stream water chemistry. Forest floor (O2) C/N ratios, C pools, temperature, and moisture were greater on south aspects. More rapid melt of the soil active layer (zone of annual freeze–thaw) and permafrost accounted for the higher moisture. The O2 C and N content were correlated with moisture, inorganic N pools, CO2 efflux, and inversely with temperature. Inorganic N pools were correlated with temperature and CO2 efflux. Net N mineralization rates were positive in early summer, and correlated with O2 moisture, temperature, and C and N pools. Net nitrification rates were inversely correlated with moisture, total C and N. The CO2 efflux increased with temperature and moisture, and was greater on south aspects. Stream ion concentrations declined and DOC increased with discharge. Stream inorganic nitrogen (DIN) output exceeded input by 70%. Alpine stream water nitrate (NO−3) and DOC concentrations indicated substantial contributions to the watershed DIN and DOC budgets.
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Financial limitations will always restrict the scope of a monitoring program, hence the program's focus must be carefully prioritized. Clearly identifying the costs and benefits of a program will assist in this prioritization process, but this is easier said than done. Frequently, the true costs of monitoring are not recognized and are, therefore, underestimated. Benefits are rarely evaluated, because they are difficult to quantify. The intent of this review is to assist the designers and managers of long-term ecological monitoring programs by providing a general framework for building and operating a cost-effective program. Previous considerations of monitoring costs have focused on sampling design optimization. We present cost considerations of monitoring in a broader context. We explore monitoring costs, including both budgetary costs--what dollars are spent on--and economic costs, which include opportunity costs. Often, the largest portion of a monitoring program budget is spent on data collection, and other, critical aspects of the program, such as scientific oversight, training, data management, quality assurance, and reporting, are neglected. Recognizing and budgeting for all program costs is therefore a key factor in a program's longevity. The close relationship between statistical issues and cost is discussed, highlighting the importance of sampling design, replication and power, and comparing the costs of alternative designs through pilot studies and simulation modeling. A monitoring program development process that includes explicit checkpoints for considering costs is presented. The first checkpoint occur during the setting of objectives and during sampling design optimization. The last checkpoint occurs once the basic shape of the program is known, and the costs and benefits, or alternatively the cost-effectiveness, of each program element can be evaluated. Moving into the implementation phase without careful evaluation of costs and benefits is risky because if costs are later found to exceed benefits, the program will fail. The costs of development, which can be quite high, will have been largely wasted. Realistic expectations of costs and benefits will help ensure that monitoring programs survive the early, turbulent stages of development and the challenges posed by fluctuating budgets during implementation.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecological Indicators","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Caughlan, L., and Oakley, K., 2001, Cost considerations for long-term ecological monitoring: Ecological Indicators, v. 14, p. 1-12.","productDescription":"pp. 1-12","startPage":"1","endPage":"12","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":128482,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683438","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caughlan, L.","contributorId":38498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caughlan","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oakley, K.L.","contributorId":101592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"K.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013232,"text":"1013232 - 2001 - Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-18T09:32:27","indexId":"1013232","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":689,"text":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer","docAbstract":"We investigated the habitat of juvenile groundfishes in relation to depth, water temperature, and salinity in Kachemak Bay, Alaska. Stations ranging in depth from 10 to 70 m and with sand or mud-sand substrates were sampled with a small-meshed beam trawl in August-September of 1994 to 1999. A total of 8,201 fishes were captured, comprising at least 52 species. Most fishes (91%) had a total length < 150 mm and were in their juvenile stage. Overall, the most abundant fishes were the rock soles Lepidopsetta spp. and Pacific cod Gadus macrocephalus. Other common species (>5% of the total catch) were flathead sole Hippoglossoides elassodon, slim sculpin Radulinus asprellus, Pacific halibut Hippoglossus stenolepis, and arrowtooth flounder Atheresthes stomias. Depth accounted for most of the spatial variability in juvenile groundfish abundance, and neither temperature nor salinity was correlated with fish abundance. Juvenile groundfishes concentrated in either shallow (less than or equal to 20 m) or deep (50-70 m) water, with co-occurrence of some species between 30-40 m. Shallow fishes were the rock soles, Pacific halibut, and great sculpin Myoxocephalus polyacanthocephalus. Deep species were flathead sole, slim sculpin, spinycheek starsnout Bathyagonus infraspinatus, rex sole Glyptocephalus zachirus, tadpole sculpin Psychrolutes paradoxus, and whitebarred prickleback Poroclinus rothrocki. This 6-year study provides baseline data on relative abundance and distribution of juvenile groundfishes in Kachemak Bay and may provide a useful tool for predicting the presence of species in similar habitats in other areas of Alaska.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","usgsCitation":"Abookire, A.A., Piatt, J.F., and Norcross, B.L., 2001, Juvenile groundfish habitat in Kachemak Bay, Alaska, during late summer: Alaska Fishery Research Bulletin, v. 8, no. 1, p. 45-56.","productDescription":"pp. 45-56","startPage":"45","endPage":"56","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":269523,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.adfg.alaska.gov/static/home/library/PDFs/afrb/aboov8n1.pdf"}],"volume":"8","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4886","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Abookire, Alisa A.","contributorId":107224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abookire","given":"Alisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":318535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":318534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Norcross, Brenda L.","contributorId":21497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norcross","given":"Brenda","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":7211,"text":"University of Alaska, Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023363,"text":"70023363 - 2001 - Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-12T21:35:40","indexId":"70023363","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2242,"text":"Journal of Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh","docAbstract":"1. We studied the effects of lesser snow geese (Anser caerulescens caerulescens) and Canada geese (Branta canadensis) on two salt marsh plant communities in Cook Inlet, Alaska, a stopover area used during spring migration. From 1995 to 1997 we compared plant species composition and biomass on plots where geese were excluded from feeding with paired plots where foraging could occur. 2. Foraging intensity was low (650-1930 goose-days km-2) compared to other goose-grazing systems. 3. Canada geese fed mainly on above-ground shoots of Triglochin maritimum, Puccinellia spp. and Carex ramenskii, whereas the majority of the snow goose diet consisted of below-ground tissues of Plantago maritima and Triglochin maritimum. 4. Plant communities responded differently to goose herbivory. In the sedge meadow community, where feeding was primarily on above-ground shoots, there was no effect of grazing on the dominant species Carex ramenskii and Triglochin maritimum. In the herb meadow community, where snow geese fed on Plantago maritima roots and other below-ground tissues, there was a difference in the relative abundance of plant species between treatments. Biomass of Plantago maritima and Potentilla egedii was lower on grazed plots compared with exclosed, whereas biomass of Carex ramenskii was greater on grazed plots. There was no effect of herbivory on total standing crop biomass in either community. The variable effect of herbivory on Carex ramenskii between communities suggests that plant neighbours and competitive interactions are important factors in a species' response to herbivory. In addition, the type of herbivory (above- or below-ground) was important in determining plant community response to herbivory. 5. Litter accumulation was reduced in grazed areas compared with exclosed in both communities. Trampling of the previous year's litter into the soil surface by geese incorporated more litter into soils in grazed areas. 6. This study illustrates that even light herbivore pressure can alter plant communities and affect forage availability.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x","issn":"00220477","usgsCitation":"Zacheis, A.B., Hupp, J.W., and Ruess, R.W., 2001, Effects of migratory geese on plant communities of an Alaskan salt marsh: Journal of Ecology, v. 89, no. 1, p. 57-71, https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x.","startPage":"57","endPage":"71","numberOfPages":"15","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":478913,"rank":10000,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":207354,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2745.2001.00515.x"},{"id":232244,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"89","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-12-21","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0760e4b0c8380cd5167a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zacheis, Amy B.","contributorId":92460,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zacheis","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hupp, Jerry W. 0000-0002-6439-3910 jhupp@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6439-3910","contributorId":127803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hupp","given":"Jerry","email":"jhupp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":397404,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruess, Roger W.","contributorId":45483,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruess","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023584,"text":"70023584 - 2001 - Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:11","indexId":"70023584","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2667,"text":"Marine Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic","docAbstract":"The composition and distribution of ice-rafted glacial erratics in late Quaternary sediments define the major current systems of the Arctic Ocean and identify two distinct continental sources for the erratics. In the southern Amerasia basin up to 70% of the erratics are dolostones and limestones (the Amerasia suite) that originated in the carbonate-rich Paleozoic terranes of the Canadian Arctic Islands. These clasts reached the Arctic Ocean in glaciers and were ice-rafted to the core sites in the clockwise Beaufort Gyre. The concentration of erratics decreases northward by 98% along the trend of the gyre from southeastern Canada basin to Makarov basin. The concentration of erratics then triples across the Makarov basin flank of Lomonosov Ridge and siltstone, sandstone and siliceous clasts become dominant in cores from the ridge and the Eurasia basin (the Eurasia suite). The bedrock source for the siltstone and sandstone clasts is uncertain, but bedrock distribution and the distribution of glaciation in northern Eurasia suggest the Taymyr Peninsula-Kara Sea regions. The pattern of clast distribution in the Arctic Ocean sediments and the sharp northward decrease in concentration of clasts of Canadian Arctic Island provenance in the Amerasia basin support the conclusion that the modem circulation pattern of the Arctic Ocean, with the Beaufort Gyre dominant in the Amerasia basin and the Transpolar drift dominant in the Eurasia basin, has controlled both sea-ice and glacial iceberg drift in the Arctic Ocean during interglacial intervals since at least the late Pleistocene. The abruptness of the change in both clast composition and concentration on the Makarov basin flank of Lomonosov Ridge also suggests that the boundary between the Beaufort Gyre and the Transpolar Drift has been relatively stable during interglacials since that time. Because the Beaufort Gyre is wind-driven our data, in conjunction with the westerly directed orientation of sand dunes that formed during the last glacial maximum on the North Slope of Alaska, suggests that atmospheric circulation in the western Arctic during late Quaternary was similar to that of the present. ?? 2001 Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Marine Geology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8","issn":"00253227","usgsCitation":"Phillips, R., and Grantz, A., 2001, Regional variations in provenance and abundance of ice-rafted clasts in Arctic Ocean sediments: Implications for the configuration of late Quaternary oceanic and atmospheric circulation in the Arctic: Marine Geology, v. 172, no. 1-2, p. 91-115, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8.","startPage":"91","endPage":"115","numberOfPages":"25","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":207539,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0025-3227(00)00101-8"},{"id":232574,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"172","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4a597e4b0e8fec6cdbe89","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phillips, R. L.","contributorId":98289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"R. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grantz, A.","contributorId":60378,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grantz","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70023678,"text":"70023678 - 2001 - Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-27T14:44:50","indexId":"70023678","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska","docAbstract":"Recent studies have proposed contrasting models for the plumbing system that fed the 1912 eruption of Novarupta, Alaska. Here, we investigate the conditions under which the rhyolitic part of the erupted magma last resided in the crust prior to eruption. Geothermometry suggests that the rhyolite was held at ∼800-850 °C, and analyses of melt inclusions suggest that it was fluid saturated and contained ∼4 wt% water. Hydrothermal, water-saturated experiments on rhyolite pumice reveal that at those temperatures the rhyolite was stable between 40 and 100 MPa, or a depth of 1.8-4.4 km. These results suggest that pre-eruptive storage and crystal growth of the rhyolite were shallow; if the rhyolite ascended from greater depths, it did so slowly enough for unzoned phenocrysts to grow as it passed through the shallow crust.
","language":"English","publisher":"GSA Publications","doi":"10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2","issn":"00917613","usgsCitation":"Coombs, M.L., and Gardner, J.E., 2001, Shallow-storage conditions for the rhyolite of the 1912 eruption at Novarupta, Alaska: Geology, v. 29, no. 9, p. 775-778, https://doi.org/10.1130/0091-7613(2001)029<0775:SSCFTR>2.0.CO;2.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"775","endPage":"778","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":232146,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Novarupta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 58.12867056810893\n ],\n [\n -154.81658935546875,\n 58.12867056810893\n ],\n [\n -154.81658935546875,\n 58.42329156394648\n ],\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 58.42329156394648\n ],\n [\n -155.58425903320312,\n 58.12867056810893\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"29","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8e48e4b08c986b31884a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Coombs, Michelle L. 0000-0002-6002-6806 mcoombs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-6806","contributorId":2809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coombs","given":"Michelle","email":"mcoombs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":398421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gardner, James E.","contributorId":43243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gardner","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":1013272,"text":"1013272 - 2001 - Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea: A 30-year mark-recapture case history","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-28T09:59:05","indexId":"1013272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2151,"text":"Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea: A 30-year mark-recapture case history","docAbstract":"Knowledge of population size and trend is necessary to manage anthropogenic risks to polar bears (Ursus maritimus). Despite capturing over 1,025 females between 1967 and 1998, previously calculated estimates of the size of the southern Beaufort Sea (SBS) population have been unreliable. We improved estimates of numbers of polar bears by modeling heterogeneity in capture probability with covariates. Important covariates referred to the year of the study, age of the bear, capture effort, and geographic location. Our choice of best approximating model was based on the inverse relationship between variance in parameter estimates and likelihood of the fit and suggested a growth from ≈ 500 to over 1,000 females during this study. The mean coefficient of variation on estimates for the last decade of the study was 0.16—the smallest yet derived. A similar model selection approach is recommended for other projects where a best model is not identified by likelihood criteria alone.
","language":"English","publisher":"The International Biometric Society","doi":"10.1198/108571101750524562","usgsCitation":"Amstrup, S.C., McDonald, T.L., and Stirling, I., 2001, Polar bears in the Beaufort Sea: A 30-year mark-recapture case history: Journal of Agricultural, Biological, and Environmental Statistics, v. 6, no. 2, p. 221-234, https://doi.org/10.1198/108571101750524562.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"221","endPage":"234","costCenters":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":129549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","otherGeospatial":"Beaufort Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -185.18554687499997,\n 67.30597574414466\n ],\n [\n -128.408203125,\n 67.30597574414466\n ],\n [\n -128.408203125,\n 76.16399261609192\n ],\n [\n -185.18554687499997,\n 76.16399261609192\n ],\n [\n -185.18554687499997,\n 67.30597574414466\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"6","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db6849f1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Amstrup, Steven C.","contributorId":67034,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Amstrup","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":13182,"text":"Polar Bears International","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":318558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, T. L.","contributorId":101211,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McDonald","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stirling, I.","contributorId":103615,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stirling","given":"I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":318560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70023731,"text":"70023731 - 2001 - Formation and failure of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:13","indexId":"70023731","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1801,"text":"Geomorphology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Formation and failure of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex, Alaska","docAbstract":"The formation of lahars and a debris avalanche during Holocene eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex in south-central Alaska have led to the development of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley. Debris dams composed of lahar and debris-avalanche deposits formed at least five times in the last 8000-10,000 years and most recently during eruptions of Crater Peak vent in 1953 and 1992. Water impounded by a large debris avalanche of early Holocene (?) age may have destabilized an upstream glacier-dammed lake causing a catastrophic flood on the Chakachatna River. A large alluvial fan just downstream of the debris-avalanche deposit is strewn with boulders and blocks and is probably the deposit generated by this flood. Application of a physically based dam-break model yields estimates of peak discharge (Qp) attained during failure of the debris-avalanche dam in the range 104 < Qp < 106 m3 s-1 for plausible breach erosion rates of 10-100 m h-1. Smaller, short-lived, lahar dams that formed during historical eruptions in 1953, and 1992, impounded smaller lakes in the upper Chakachatna River valley and peak flows attained during failure of these volcanic debris dams were in the range 103 < Qp < 104 m3 s-1 for plausible breach erosion rates. Volcanic debris dams have formed at other volcanoes in the Cook Inlet region, Aleutian arc, and Wrangell Mountains but apparently did not fail rapidly or result in large or catastrophic outflows. Steep valley topography and frequent eruptions at volcanoes in this region make for significant hazards associated with the formation and failure of volcanic debris dams. Published by Elsevier Science B.V.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geomorphology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00097-0","issn":"0169555X","usgsCitation":"Waythomas, C.F., 2001, Formation and failure of volcanic debris dams in the Chakachatna River valley associated with eruptions of the Spurr volcanic complex, Alaska: Geomorphology, v. 39, no. 3-4, p. 111-129, https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00097-0.","startPage":"111","endPage":"129","numberOfPages":"19","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":207437,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0169-555X(00)00097-0"}],"volume":"39","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a1347e4b0c8380cd545b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Waythomas, C. F.","contributorId":10065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":398620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":1003867,"text":"1003867 - 2001 - Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-12-21T11:08:42","indexId":"1003867","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic","docAbstract":"Neckbands are commonly used in waterfowl studies (especially geese) to identify individuals for determination of movement and behavior and to estimate population parameters. Substantial neckband loss can adversely affect these research objectives and produce biased survival estimates. We used capture, recovery, and observation histories for lesser snow geese (Chen caerulescens caerulescens) banded in the western Arctic, 1993-1996, to estimate neckband retention. We found that neckband retention differed between snow goose breeding colonies at Wrangel Island, Russia, and Banks Island, Northwest Territories, Canada. Male snow geese had higher neckband loss than females, a pattern similar to that found for Canada geese (Branta canadensis) and lesser snow geese in Alaska. We found that the rate of neckband loss increased with time, suggesting that neckbands are lost as the plastic deteriorates. Survival estimates for geese based on resighting neckbands will be biased unless estimates are corrected for neckband loss. We recommend that neckband loss be estimated using survival estimators that incorporate recaptures, recoveries, and observations of marked birds. Research and management studies using neckbands should be designed to improve neckband retention and to include the assessment of neckband retention.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","doi":"10.2307/3803029","usgsCitation":"Samuel, M., Goldberg, D., Smith, A.E., Baranyuk, W., and Cooch, E., 2001, Neckband retention for lesser snow geese in the western Arctic: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 4, p. 797-807, https://doi.org/10.2307/3803029.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"797","endPage":"807","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":135965,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -125.17822265625,\n 74.4080695913854\n ],\n [\n -121.201171875,\n 74.66582807452669\n ],\n [\n -120.12451171875,\n 74.4080695913854\n ],\n [\n -118.91601562499999,\n 74.27761049314579\n ],\n [\n -117.75146484375,\n 74.36075250217638\n ],\n [\n -116.21337890625,\n 74.02559147660334\n ],\n [\n -115.46630859375,\n 73.71427576088443\n ],\n [\n -115.1806640625,\n 73.57816726137321\n ],\n [\n -115.20263671874999,\n 73.45347276327499\n ],\n [\n -115.72998046875,\n 73.32155310001404\n ],\n [\n -117.158203125,\n 73.05464165865111\n ],\n [\n -117.68554687499999,\n 72.86793049861396\n ],\n [\n -118.38867187500001,\n 72.71843167013517\n ],\n [\n -118.89404296875,\n 72.58082870324515\n ],\n [\n -119.11376953125,\n 72.42890255589957\n ],\n [\n -119.17968749999999,\n 72.26231002404462\n ],\n [\n -119.46533203125,\n 72.18180355624855\n ],\n [\n -119.92675781249999,\n 72.15488958260748\n ],\n [\n -119.99267578124999,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -120.05859375,\n 71.61521389461222\n ],\n [\n -120.32226562500001,\n 71.47610617440445\n ],\n [\n -121.92626953124999,\n 71.15229435506139\n ],\n [\n -122.54150390625,\n 71.03124946886858\n ],\n [\n -123.50830078125,\n 70.97402838932706\n ],\n [\n -123.8818359375,\n 71.30079291637452\n ],\n [\n -124.541015625,\n 71.55969222946285\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 71.7739410364347\n ],\n [\n -125.74951171875,\n 71.8219859969296\n ],\n [\n -126.10107421874999,\n 71.88357830131248\n ],\n [\n -126.21093749999999,\n 72.06038062953813\n ],\n [\n -125.74951171875,\n 72.50832781855198\n ],\n [\n -125.48583984375,\n 72.67268149675317\n ],\n [\n -125.17822265625,\n 72.89380193362285\n ],\n [\n -125.13427734374999,\n 73.06104462497655\n ],\n [\n -124.8046875,\n 73.30262420189155\n ],\n [\n -124.78271484375,\n 73.4722354479126\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 74.05579887521661\n ],\n [\n -125.068359375,\n 74.39034206491468\n ],\n [\n -125.17822265625,\n 74.4080695913854\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -181.351318359375,\n 70.76158594641528\n ],\n [\n -181.571044921875,\n 71.04195995271327\n ],\n [\n -181.3623046875,\n 71.2125373462588\n ],\n [\n -180.977783203125,\n 71.36057822364478\n ],\n [\n -180.52734375,\n 71.47959621471641\n ],\n [\n -179.97802734374997,\n 71.59094305164696\n ],\n [\n -179.637451171875,\n 71.60828252210263\n ],\n [\n -179.329833984375,\n 71.62906907439766\n ],\n [\n -178.692626953125,\n 71.61867863505974\n ],\n [\n -178.2861328125,\n 71.5735878007214\n ],\n [\n -178.0224609375,\n 71.5353506385028\n ],\n [\n -177.769775390625,\n 71.4726154994987\n ],\n [\n -177.659912109375,\n 71.37110941823617\n ],\n [\n -177.440185546875,\n 71.2796481045844\n ],\n [\n -177.308349609375,\n 71.21607526596131\n ],\n [\n -177.3193359375,\n 71.12743434576174\n ],\n [\n -177.5390625,\n 71.0098110139634\n ],\n [\n -177.978515625,\n 70.98119010476937\n ],\n [\n -178.65966796875,\n 70.88068946707867\n ],\n [\n -179.18701171875,\n 70.81220165893917\n ],\n [\n -179.6484375,\n 70.81220165893917\n ],\n [\n -180.010986328125,\n 70.90945598953132\n ],\n [\n -180.263671875,\n 70.8446726342528\n ],\n [\n -180.582275390625,\n 70.80859050466093\n ],\n [\n -180.889892578125,\n 70.77606067330255\n ],\n [\n -181.351318359375,\n 70.76158594641528\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4affe4b07f02db697e3f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Samuel, M.D.","contributorId":13910,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Samuel","given":"M.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Goldberg, Diana R. 0000-0001-8540-8512","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8540-8512","contributorId":82252,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goldberg","given":"Diana R.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":314511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, A. E.","contributorId":58254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Baranyuk, W.","contributorId":38129,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baranyuk","given":"W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cooch, E.G.","contributorId":40932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cooch","given":"E.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":314509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70023458,"text":"70023458 - 2001 - Results From a Channel Restoration Project: Hydraulic Design Considerations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:20:10","indexId":"70023458","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Results From a Channel Restoration Project: Hydraulic Design Considerations","docAbstract":"Techniques for the hydraulic restoration of placer-mined streams and floodplains were developed in Denali National Park and Preserve, Alaska. The two-year study at Glen Creek focused on a design of stream and floodplain geometry using hydraulic capacity and shear stress equations. Slope and sinuosity values were based on regional relationships. Design requirements included a channel capacity for a bankfull discharge and a floodplain capacity for a 1.5- to 100-year discharge. Several bio-engineering techniques using alder and willow, including anchored brush bars, streambank hedge layering, seedlings, and cuttings, were tested to dissipate floodwater energy and encourage sediment deposition until natural revegetation stabilized the new floodplains. Permanently monumented cross-sections installed throughout the project site were surveyed every one to three years. Nine years after the project began, a summer flood caused substantial damage to the channel form, including a change in width/depth ratio, slope, and thalweg location. Many of the alder brush bars were heavily damaged or destroyed, resulting in significant bank erosion. This paper reviews the original hydraulic design process, and describes changes to the channel and floodplain geometry over time, based on nine years of cross-section surveys.","largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceTitle":"Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference","conferenceDate":"27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001","conferenceLocation":"Reno, NV","language":"English","isbn":"0784405816","usgsCitation":"Karle, K., and Densmore, R., 2001, Results From a Channel Restoration Project: Hydraulic Design Considerations, in Proceedings of the 2001 Wetlands Engineering and River Restoration Conference, Reno, NV, 27 August 2001 through 31 August 2001, p. 1127-1138.","startPage":"1127","endPage":"1138","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":232528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505aaaece4b0c8380cd865d6","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","contributorId":128356,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Hayes D.F.Hayes D.F.","id":536501,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Karle, K.F.","contributorId":18141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karle","given":"K.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Densmore, R.V.","contributorId":72953,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Densmore","given":"R.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":397724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70184694,"text":"70184694 - 2001 - The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-01T16:27:56","indexId":"70184694","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3278,"text":"Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review","docAbstract":"This issue of Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries contains six papers addressing several critical aspects of hybridization in fishes and aquatic organisms. Hybridization is a phenomenon long recognized in fishes (Hubbs, 1920, 1955; Schwarz, 1981), as well as in other plant and vertebrate taxa, despite some rather dogmatic proclamations to the contrary, e.g., comments made by David Starr Jordan at the beginning of the 20th century that the species “line” is rarely crossed in fishes (Clark Hubbs, personal communication). Since that time, interspecific genetic introgression has been well documented in many fish genera and species: Barbus (Berrebi and CattaneoBerrebi, 1993); Cyprinodon (Echelle and Connor, 1989; Dowling and DeMarais, 1993); Gambusia (Hubbs, 1959; Scribner and Avise, 1994); Esox (Wahl and Stein, 1993); Lepomis (Avise et al., 1984); Luxilus (Duvernell and Aspinwall, 1995); Morone (Harrell et al., 1993); Notropis (Dowling et al., 1989; Dowling and Hoeh, 1991); Oncorhynchus (Busack and Gall, 1981; Campton and Utter, 1985; Loudenslager et al., 1986; Leary et al., 1987; Forbes and Allendorf, 1991; Dowling and Childs, 1992); Salmo (Nyman, 1970; Wilkins et al., 1993; Giuffra et al., 1996; Hartley, 1996; Perez et al., 1999); Salvalinus (Hammar et al., 1991; Bernatchez et al., 1995; Baxter et al., 1997; Glemet et al., 1998; Wilson and Bernatchez, 1998); Sebastes (Seeb, 1988); Stizostedion (Billington et al., 1988). See also reviews in Campton (1987), Verspoor and Hammar (1991), Smith (1992), and Scribner et al. (2000). More recently, a number of investigations have documented not only first generation hybrids, but also subsequent generation introgressant hybrids (Bartley et al., 1990; Verspoor and Hammar, 1991). As a result, our views about species typology and hybrids continue to change.
","language":"English","publisher":"Kluwer Academic Publishers","doi":"10.1023/A:1016729132297","usgsCitation":"Epifanio, J., and Nielsen, J.L., 2001, The role of hybridization in the distribution, conservation and management of aquatic species: Symposium review: Reviews in Fish Biology and Fisheries, v. 10, no. 3, p. 245-251, https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1016729132297.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"245","endPage":"251","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":337399,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"10","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58c3c946e4b0f37a93ee9b6b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Epifanio, John","contributorId":139202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Epifanio","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":682613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nielsen, Jennifer L.","contributorId":43722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nielsen","given":"Jennifer","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":682614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70186817,"text":"70186817 - 2001 - Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-11T15:36:43","indexId":"70186817","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring","docAbstract":"In 1991, the National Park Service (NPS) selected seven parks to serve as prototypes for development of a long-term ecological monitoring program. Denali National Park and Preserve was one of the prototype parks selected. The principal focus of this national program was to detect and document resource changes and to understand the forces driving those changes. One of the major tasks of each prototype park was to develop monitoring protocols. In this paper, we discuss some lessons learned and what we believe to be the most important features of protocols.
One of the many lessons we have learned is that monitoring protocols vary greatly in content and format. This variation leads to confusion about what information protocols should contain and how they should be formatted. Problems we have observed in existing protocols include (1) not providing enough detail, (2) omitting critical topics (such as data management), and (3) mixing explanation with instructions. Once written, protocols often sit on the shelf to collect dust, allowing methods changes to occur without being adequately considered, tested, or documented. Because a lengthy and costly research effort is often needed to develop protocols, a vision of what the final product should look like is helpful. Based on our involvement with the prototype monitoring program for Denali (Oakley and Boudreau 2000), we recommend key features of protocols, including a scheme for linking protocols to data in the data management system and for tracking protocol revisions. A protocol system is crucial for producing long-term data sets of known quality that meet program objectives.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Crossing boundaries in park management: Proceedings of the 11th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Crossing Boundaries in Park Management: On the Ground, In the Mind, Among Discipline (2001 George Wright Society Conference)","conferenceDate":"April 16-20, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"George Wright Society","publisherLocation":"Hancock, MI","usgsCitation":"Oakley, K.L., Boudreau, S.L., and Humphrey, S., 2001, Recommended features of protocols for long-term ecological monitoring, in Crossing boundaries in park management: Proceedings of the 11th conference on research and resource management in parks and on public lands, Denver, CO, April 16-20, 2001, p. 415-419.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"415","endPage":"419","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339581,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":339580,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.georgewright.org/proceedings2001"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ede48fe4b0eed1ab8c74d9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oakley, Karen L. koakley@usgs.gov","contributorId":747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oakley","given":"Karen","email":"koakley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boudreau, Susan L.","contributorId":190772,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boudreau","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Humphrey, Sioux-Z","contributorId":190773,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Humphrey","given":"Sioux-Z","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":690666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70188996,"text":"70188996 - 2001 - Using GIS to analyze animal movements in the marine environment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-21T16:58:11","indexId":"70188996","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Using GIS to analyze animal movements in the marine environment","docAbstract":"Advanced methods for analyzing animal movements have been little used in the aquatic research environment compared to the terrestrial. In addition, despite obvious advantages of integrating geographic information systems (GIS) with spatial studies of animal movement behavior, movement analysis tools have not been integrated into GIS for either aquatic or terrestrial environments. We therefore developed software that integrates one of the most commonly used GIS programs (ArcView®) with a large collection of animal movement analysis tools. This application, the Animal Movement Analyst Extension (AMAE), can be loaded as an extension to ArcView® under multiple operating system platforms (PC, Unix, and Mac OS). It contains more than 50 functions, including parametric and nonparametric home range analyses, random walk models, habitat analyses, point and circular statistics, tests of complete spatial randomness, tests for autocorrelation and sample size, point and line manipulation tools, and animation tools. This paper describes the use of these functions in analyzing animal location data; some limited examples are drawn from a sonic-tracking study of Pacific halibut (Hippoglossus stenolepis) in Glacier Bay, Alaska. The extension is available on the Internet at www.absc.usgs.gov/glba/gistools/index.htm.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Spatial processes and management of marine populations","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"17th Lowell Wakefield Symposium: Spatial Processes and Management of Marine Populations","conferenceDate":"October 27-30, 1999","conferenceLocation":"Anchorage, AK","language":"English","publisher":"University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program","doi":"10.4027/spmmp.2001","isbn":"1-56612-068-3","usgsCitation":"Hooge, P.N., Eichenlaub, W.M., and Solomon, E.K., 2001, Using GIS to analyze animal movements in the marine environment, in Spatial processes and management of marine populations, Anchorage, AK, October 27-30, 1999, p. 37-51, https://doi.org/10.4027/spmmp.2001.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"37","endPage":"51","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":478850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://repository.library.noaa.gov/view/noaa/38513","text":"External Repository"},{"id":343089,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publicComments":"University of Alaska Sea Grant College Program Report No. AK-SG-01-02","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5965d953e4b0d1f9f05bb95e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Kruse, Gordon H.","contributorId":187450,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kruse","given":"Gordon","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702326,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bez, Nicolas","contributorId":33041,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bez","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702327,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Booth, Anthony","contributorId":224,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Booth","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702328,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dorn, Martin W.","contributorId":3517,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorn","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702336,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hills, Susan","contributorId":103995,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hills","given":"Susan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702337,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipcius, Romuald N.","contributorId":101451,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lipcius","given":"Romuald","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702338,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Pelletier, Dominique","contributorId":131089,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pelletier","given":"Dominique","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702339,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Roy, Claude","contributorId":85923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roy","given":"Claude","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702340,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Smith, Stephen J.","contributorId":38926,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702341,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Witherell, David B.","contributorId":98169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Witherell","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":702342,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":10}],"authors":[{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":702323,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eichenlaub, William M.","contributorId":138819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Eichenlaub","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":20307,"text":"US National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":702324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Solomon, Elizabeth K.","contributorId":138505,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Solomon","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":702325,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70184293,"text":"70184293 - 2001 - Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-06T18:06:27","indexId":"70184293","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings","docAbstract":"Numbers of emperor geese (Chen canagica) have remained depressed since the mid-1980s. Despite increases in glaucous gulls (Larus hyperboreus), a primary predator of goslings, little information existed to assess whether recent patterns of gosling survival have been a major factor affecting population dynamics. We used observations of known families of emperor geese to estimate rates of gosling survival during 1993-96 on the Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta, Alaska. Survival of goslings to 30 days of age varied among years from 0.332 during 1994 to 0.708 during 1995. Survival was lowest during 1993-94, which corresponded with the years of highest frequency of disturbance of goose broods by glaucous gulls. Rainfall during early brood rearing was much higher in 1994 than other years, and this corresponded to low survival among goslings ≤5 days of age. Numbers of juveniles in families during fall staging were negatively related to rainfall during early brood rearing (n = 23 yr). Although there are no data to assess whether gosling survival in emperor geese has declined from some previous level, current survival rates of emperor goose goslings are as high as or higher than those observed in other goose species that are rapidly increasing. A proposed reduction of glaucous gull numbers by managers may not be the most effective means for increasing population growth in emperor geese.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802904","usgsCitation":"Schmutz, J.A., Manly, B.F., and Dau, C.P., 2001, Effects of gull predation and weather on survival of emperor goose goslings: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 65, no. 2, p. 248-257, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802904.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"248","endPage":"257","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":336913,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Yukon-Kuskokwim Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -165.31814575195312,\n 61.08751263001796\n ],\n [\n -164.86907958984372,\n 61.08751263001796\n ],\n [\n -164.86907958984372,\n 61.33551595505406\n ],\n [\n -165.31814575195312,\n 61.33551595505406\n ],\n [\n -165.31814575195312,\n 61.08751263001796\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"65","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58be833ee4b014cc3a3a9a07","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Schmutz, Joel A. 0000-0002-6516-0836 jschmutz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6516-0836","contributorId":1805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmutz","given":"Joel","email":"jschmutz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":680884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manly, Bryan F.J.","contributorId":41770,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manly","given":"Bryan","email":"","middleInitial":"F.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dau, Christian P.","contributorId":26185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dau","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":680886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70186871,"text":"70186871 - 2001 - Stratigraphy and lithofacies of Lisburne Group carbonate rocks (Carboniferous - Permian) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-07T21:09:07","indexId":"70186871","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5315,"text":"SEPM Core Workshop Notes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stratigraphy and lithofacies of Lisburne Group carbonate rocks (Carboniferous - Permian) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska","docAbstract":"Carbonate rocks of the Lisburne Group (Carboniferous-Permian) occur widely throughout northern Alaska. In the NPRA, seismic mapping and well penetrations show that the Lisburne occurs throughout the subsurface except in northernmost NPRA where it is missing by depositional onlap. Lisburne strata encountered in 11 exploratory wells in the northern part of the NPRA are essentially undeformed, consist of limestone and lesser dolostone, sandstone, siltstone, and shale, encompass a wide array of chiefly shallow-water facies, and range in age from Early Mississippian to Permian. Basins and platforms that formed during Mississippian (and possibly Devonian) time greatly affected depositional patterns of the Lisburne. Total thickness of the Lisburne in northern NPRA wells varies from almost 4000 ft in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat Basin to 300 ft on the north edge of the Fish Creek Platform. Lisburne strata of Mississippian age are found in northeastern NPRA, comprise three subunits (lower limestone, middle dolostone, and upper limestone) and are oldest (Osagean) in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat Basin. All wells that penetrated the Lisburne in northern NPRA encountered rocks of Pennsylvanian age; these intervals are mainly limestone and characterized by decameter-scale shallowing-upward sequences. Lisburne sections of prob-able Early-middle Permian age range from thin (≤60 ft) intervals of dolostone and limestone in the Fish Creek Platform area to thick (500-1000 ft) successions of interbedded limestone and siliciclastic sediment in the Ikpikpuk-Umiat Basin and northwestern NPRA. Abundant non-carbonate detritus, primarily quartz and chert with locally notable plagioclase feldspar and metamorphic lithic clasts, occurs throughout the Lisburne Group in northern NPRA. Per-mian strata and a persistent non-carbonate detrital component are also seen in the Lisburne in subsurface beneath the Chukchi Sea (Hanna Trough) to the northwest, but are not found in Lisburne successions elsewhere in Alaska.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"NPRA core workshop: Petroleum plays and systems in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"NPRA Core Workshop: Petroleum Plays and Systems in the National Petroleum Reserve Alaska","conferenceDate":"June 7-8, 2001","conferenceLocation":"Denver, CO","language":"English","publisher":"SEPM","doi":"10.2110/cor.01.01.0141","usgsCitation":"Dumoulin, J.A., and Bird, K.J., 2001, Stratigraphy and lithofacies of Lisburne Group carbonate rocks (Carboniferous - Permian) in the National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska: SEPM Core Workshop Notes, v. 21, p. 141-166, https://doi.org/10.2110/cor.01.01.0141.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"141","endPage":"166","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339611,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","volume":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58ef3dace4b0eed1ab8e3bea","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Houseknecht, David W. 0000-0002-9633-6910 dhouse@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9633-6910","contributorId":645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houseknecht","given":"David","email":"dhouse@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690752,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Dumoulin, Julie A. 0000-0003-1754-1287 dumoulin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1754-1287","contributorId":203209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dumoulin","given":"Julie","email":"dumoulin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bird, Kenneth J. kbird@usgs.gov","contributorId":1015,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bird","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbird@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":690751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":4890,"text":"ds39 - 2001 - Volcanoes of the Wrangell Mountains and Cook Inlet region, Alaska: selected photographs","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-05-15T08:20:31","indexId":"ds39","displayToPublicDate":"1997-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"39","title":"Volcanoes of the Wrangell Mountains and Cook Inlet region, Alaska: selected photographs","docAbstract":"Alaska is home to more than 40 active volcanoes, many of which have erupted violently and repeatedly in the last 200 years. This CD-ROM contains 97 digitized color 35-mm images which represent a small fraction of thousands of photographs taken by Alaska Volcano Observatory scientists, other researchers, and private citizens. The photographs were selected to portray Alaska's volcanoes, to document recent eruptive activity, and to illustrate the range of volcanic phenomena observed in Alaska. \r\nThese images are for use by the interested public, multimedia producers, desktop publishers, and the high-end printing industry. The digital images are stored in the 'images' folder and can be read across Macintosh, Windows, DOS, OS/2, SGI, and UNIX platforms with applications that can read JPG (JPEG - Joint Photographic Experts Group format) or PCD (Kodak's PhotoCD (YCC) format) files. Throughout this publication, the image numbers match among the file names, figure captions, thumbnail labels, and other references. Also included on this CD-ROM are Windows and Macintosh viewers and engines for keyword searches (Adobe Acrobat Reader with Search). At the time of this publication, Kodak's policy on the distribution of color-management files is still unresolved, and so none is included on this CD-ROM. However, using the Universal Ektachrome or Universal Kodachrome transforms found in your software will provide excellent color. In addition to PhotoCD (PCD) files, this CD-ROM contains large (14.2'x19.5') and small (4'x6') screen-resolution (72 dots per inch; dpi) images in JPEG format. These undergo downsizing and compression relative to the PhotoCD images. ","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey ","doi":"10.3133/ds39","issn":"1088-1018","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., McGimsey, R.G., and Diggles, M.F., 2001, Volcanoes of the Wrangell Mountains and Cook Inlet region, Alaska: selected photographs (Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 39, 1 CD, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds39.","productDescription":"1 CD","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":139750,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":624,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-39/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada, United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -146.6015625,\n 58.17070248348609\n ],\n [\n -133.59375,\n 58.17070248348609\n ],\n [\n -133.59375,\n 70.37785394109224\n ],\n [\n -146.6015625,\n 70.37785394109224\n ],\n [\n -146.6015625,\n 58.17070248348609\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd76e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":150052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Diggles, Michael F. 0000-0002-9946-0247 mdiggles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9946-0247","contributorId":810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diggles","given":"Michael","email":"mdiggles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5053,"text":"IPDS Training","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5066,"text":"Office of the Director USGS","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":150050,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":50435,"text":"ofr01337 - 2001 - Four regional seismic lines: National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (Supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-286)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:19","indexId":"ofr01337","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-337","title":"Four regional seismic lines: National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (Supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-286)","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01337","usgsCitation":"Miller, J.J., Agena, W., Lee, M.W., Zihlman, F.N., Grow, J.A., Taylor, D.J., Killgore, M., and Oliver, H.L., 2001, Four regional seismic lines: National Petroleum Reserve - Alaska (Supplement to U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-286) (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-337, map, digital seismic data, accompanying text (12 p.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01337.","productDescription":"map, digital seismic data, accompanying text (12 p.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":175738,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4243,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0337/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a90e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, J. J.","contributorId":54588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Agena, Warren F.","contributorId":67079,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Agena","given":"Warren F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lee, Myung W.","contributorId":84358,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lee","given":"Myung","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zihlman, F. N.","contributorId":16819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zihlman","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241452,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Grow, J. A.","contributorId":27858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grow","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241453,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Taylor, D. J.","contributorId":50849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241454,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Killgore, Michele","contributorId":86802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Killgore","given":"Michele","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oliver, H. L.","contributorId":87130,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oliver","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":50398,"text":"ofr01167 - 2001 - Well logs and core data from selected cored intervals, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-21T13:26:16","indexId":"ofr01167","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-167","title":"Well logs and core data from selected cored intervals, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska","docAbstract":"This report is preliminary and has not been reviewed for conformity with U.S. Geological Survey editorial standards or with the North American Stratigraphic Code. Any use of trade, firm, or product names is for descriptive purposes only and does not imply endorsement by the U.S. Government.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr01167","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., and Kibler, J.E., 2001, Well logs and core data from selected cored intervals, National Petroleum Reserve, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-167, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01167.","productDescription":"3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":4193,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-167/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":176253,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f5e4b07f02db5f0b0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kibler, Joyce E.","contributorId":56293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kibler","given":"Joyce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":44999,"text":"wri014278 - 2001 - Effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams, Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-07T18:17:27","indexId":"wri014278","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-4278","title":"Effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams, Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"The effect of urbanization on stream macroinvertebrate communities was examined by using data gathered during a 1999 reconnaissance of 14 sites in the Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska. Data collected included macroinvertebrate abundance, water chemistry, and trace elements in bed sediments. Macroinvertebrate relative-abundance data were edited and used in metric and index calculations. Population density was used as a surrogate for urbanization. Cluster analysis (unweighted-paired-grouping method) using arithmetic means of macroinvertebrate presence-absence data showed a well-defined separation between urbanized and nonurbanized sites as well as extracted sites that did not cleanly fall into either category. Water quality in Anchorage generally declined with increasing urbanization (population density). Of 59 variables examined, 31 correlated with urbanization. Local regression analysis extracted 11 variables that showed a significant impairment threshold response and 6 that showed a significant linear response. Significant biological variables for determining the impairment threshold in this study were the Margalef diversity index, Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera taxa richness, and total taxa richness. Significant thresholds were observed in the water-chemistry variables conductivity, dissolved organic carbon, potassium, and total dissolved solids. Significant thresholds in trace elements in bed sediments included arsenic, iron, manganese, and lead. Results suggest that sites in Anchorage that have ratios of population density to road density greater than 70, storm-drain densities greater than 0.45 miles per square mile, road densities greater than 4 miles per square mile, or population densities greater than 125-150 persons per square mile may require further monitoring to determine if the stream has become impaired. This population density is far less than the 1,000 persons per square mile used by the U.S. Census Bureau to define an urban area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri014278","usgsCitation":"Ourso, R.T., 2001, Effects of urbanization on benthic macroinvertebrate communities in streams, Anchorage, Alaska (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2001-4278, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri014278.","productDescription":"38 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3868,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri014278","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a27e4b07f02db60ff53","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ourso, Robert T. 0000-0002-5952-8681 rtourso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5952-8681","contributorId":203207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ourso","given":"Robert","email":"rtourso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":230884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":50379,"text":"ofr0111 - 2001 - Seven-year phenological record of the Alaskan ecoregions derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer normalized difference vegetation index data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-12-19T17:19:24","indexId":"ofr0111","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-11","title":"Seven-year phenological record of the Alaskan ecoregions derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer normalized difference vegetation index data","docAbstract":"Seasonal properties of vegetation covering northern boreal and arctic landscapes are considered important as input to numerous climate change studies. In this study, multitemporal phenological characteristics of Alaskan vegetation were studied for the State as a whole, and 19 of 20 ecoregions were studied using seasonally truncated, composited advanced very high resolution radiometer derived normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) data. Phenological characteristics included four temporal and six greenness metrics derived for each year from 1991 to 1997. Temporal metrics included date of onset of greenness, last day of greenness, date of maximum greenness, and total days of greenness. Greenness metrics consisted of NDVI values recorded during the onset and last day of greenness, maximum greenness, mean greenness for the growing season, and estimated rates of greenup and greendown in the spring and autumn, respectively. Results indicated that over many areas of Alaska there was a trend toward earlier onset of greenness each spring from 1992 to 1997, but the last day of greenness in the autumn was roughly the same. Earlier greenup dates in the spring resulted in a lengthened growing season greenup of up to 20 days in some areas of Alaska from 1992 to 1997. Climate data, however, did not always corroborate these findings. In general, greenness values dropped from 1991 to 1992 and then increased from 1992 to 1997. Values obtained after 1991 may have been affected by atmospheric perturbations owing to the 1991 Mt. Pinatubo eruption and lasting until at least 1997.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","doi":"10.3133/ofr0111","usgsCitation":"Markon, C., 2001, Seven-year phenological record of the Alaskan ecoregions derived from advanced very high resolution radiometer normalized difference vegetation index data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-11, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0111.","productDescription":"57 p.","numberOfPages":"58","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4180,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0011/2001-OFR2001-11.pdf","text":"Report","size":"263 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2001-11"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dce4b07f02db5e1518","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Markon, Carl J.","contributorId":80305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markon","given":"Carl J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241314,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":45054,"text":"wri004151 - 2001 - Methodology and Estimates of Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:10:48","indexId":"wri004151","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4151","title":"Methodology and Estimates of Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in Alaska","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey estimated scour depths at 325 bridges in Alaska as part of a cooperative agreement with the Alaska Department of Transportation and Public Facilities. The department selected these sites from approximately 806 State-owned bridges as potentially susceptible to scour during extreme floods. Pier scour and contraction scour were computed for the selected bridges by using methods recommended by the Federal Highway Administration. The U.S. Geological Survey used a four-step procedure to estimate scour: (1) Compute magnitudes of the 100- and 500-year floods. (2) Determine cross-section geometry and hydraulic properties for each bridge site. (3) Compute the water-surface profile for the 100- and 500-year floods. (4) Compute contraction and pier scour. This procedure is unique because the cross sections were developed from existing data on file to make a quantitative estimate of scour. This screening method has the advantage of providing scour depths and bed elevations for comparison with bridge-foundation elevations without the time and expense of a field survey. Four examples of bridge-scour analyses are summarized in the appendix.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004151","usgsCitation":"Heinrichs, T.A., Kennedy, B., Langley, D.E., and Burrows, R.L., 2001, Methodology and Estimates of Scour at Selected Bridge Sites in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4151, iii, 44 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004151.","productDescription":"iii, 44 p. : ill., map ; 28 cm. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":171743,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3909,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004151","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629f86","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heinrichs, Thomas A.","contributorId":93509,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231007,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kennedy, Ben W.","contributorId":104519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennedy","given":"Ben W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231008,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langley, Dustin E.","contributorId":91904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231006,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burrows, Robert L.","contributorId":79473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrows","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":231005,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":50389,"text":"ofr0199 - 2001 - Global Positioning System (GPS) survey of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, August 3-8, 2000: data processing, geodetic coordinates and comparison with prior geodetic surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T11:41:27","indexId":"ofr0199","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-99","title":"Global Positioning System (GPS) survey of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, August 3-8, 2000: data processing, geodetic coordinates and comparison with prior geodetic surveys","docAbstract":"Between August 3 and 8,2000,the Alaska Volcano Observatory completed a Global Positioning System (GPS) survey at Augustine Volcano, Alaska. Augustine is a frequently active calcalkaline volcano located in the lower portion of Cook Inlet (fig. 1), with reported eruptions in 1812, 1882, 1909?, 1935, 1964, 1976, and 1986 (Miller et al., 1998). Geodetic measurements using electronic and optical surveying techniques (EDM and theodolite) were begun at Augustine Volcano in 1986. In 1988 and 1989, an island-wide trilateration network comprising 19 benchmarks was completed and measured in its entirety (Power and Iwatsubo, 1998). Partial GPS surveys of the Augustine Island geodetic network were completed in 1992 and 1995; however, neither of these surveys included all marks on the island.Additional GPS measurements of benchmarks A5 and A15 (fig. 2) were made during the summers of 1992, 1993, 1994, and 1996.\n\nThe goals of the 2000 GPS survey were to:1) re-measure all existing benchmarks on Augustine Island using a homogeneous set of GPS equipment operated in a consistent manner, 2) add measurements at benchmarks on the western shore of Cook Inlet at distances of 15 to 25 km, 3) add measurements at an existing benchmark (BURR) on Augustine Island that was not previously surveyed, and 4) add additional marks in areas of the island thought to be actively deforming. The entire survey resulted in collection of GPS data at a total of 24 sites (fig. 1 and 2).\n\nIn this report we describe the methods of GPS data collection and processing used at Augustine during the 2000 survey. We use this data to calculate coordinates and elevations for all 24 sites surveyed. Data from the 2000 survey is then compared toelectronic and optical measurements made in 1988 and 1989. This report also contains a general description of all marks surveyed in 2000 and photographs of all new marks established during the 2000 survey (Appendix A).","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0199","usgsCitation":"Pauk, B., Power, J.A., Lisowski, M., Dzurisin, D., Iwatsubo, E.Y., and Melbourne, T., 2001, Global Positioning System (GPS) survey of Augustine Volcano, Alaska, August 3-8, 2000: data processing, geodetic coordinates and comparison with prior geodetic surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-99, Report: 20 p.; Field Notes: PDF; Downloads: TAR, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0199.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; Field Notes: PDF; Downloads: TAR","numberOfPages":"20","temporalStart":"2000-08-03","temporalEnd":"2000-08-08","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":4189,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0099/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":175377,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0099/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":86319,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0099/pdf/of01-099.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":282014,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0099/pdf/Aug2000.pdf"},{"id":282015,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/0099/data.tar.gz"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Augustine Volcano;Cook Inlet","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -154.0,58.5 ], [ -154.0,60.0 ], [ -151.0,60.0 ], [ -151.0,58.5 ], [ -154.0,58.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abee4b07f02db674c16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pauk, Benjamin A.","contributorId":33704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pauk","given":"Benjamin A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Power, John A. 0000-0002-7233-4398 jpower@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7233-4398","contributorId":2768,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Power","given":"John","email":"jpower@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":241337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisowski, Mike","contributorId":26801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisowski","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":241336,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Iwatsubo, Eugene Y.","contributorId":16308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwatsubo","given":"Eugene","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Melbourne, Tim","contributorId":67800,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melbourne","given":"Tim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":241341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":50061,"text":"fs05001 - 2001 - Water quality in the Yukon River basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-23T17:02:13","indexId":"fs05001","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"050-01","displayTitle":"Water Quality in the Yukon River Basin","title":"Water quality in the Yukon River basin","docAbstract":"The Yukon River Basin, which encompasses 330,000 square miles in northwestern Canada and central Alaska (Fig. 1), is one of the largest and most diverse ecosystems in North America. The Yukon River is also fundamental to the ecosystems of the eastern Bering Sea and Chukchi Sea, providing most of the freshwater runoff, sediments, and dissolved solutes. Despite its remoteness and perceived invulnerability, the Yukon River Basin is changing. For example, records of air temperature during 1961-1990 indicate a warming trend of about 0.75 deg C per decade at latitudes where the Yukon River is located. Increases in temperature will have wide-ranging effects on permafrost distribution, glacial runoff and the movement of carbon and nutrients within and from the basin. In addition, Alaska has many natural resources such as timber, minerals, gas, and oil that may be developed in future years. As a consequence of these changes, several issues of scientific and cultural concern have come to the forefront. At present, water quality data for the Yukon River Basin are very limited. This fact sheet describes a program to provide the data that are needed to address these issues.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs05001","usgsCitation":"Brabets, T.P., Hooper, R., and Landa, E., 2001, Water quality in the Yukon River basin: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 050-01, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs05001.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":120576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_050_01.jpg"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -168,58 ], [ -168,70 ], [ -128,70 ], [ -128,58 ], [ -168,58 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa112","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brabets, Timothy P. tbrabets@usgs.gov","contributorId":2087,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brabets","given":"Timothy","email":"tbrabets@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":240711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hooper, Rick","contributorId":75213,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooper","given":"Rick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240712,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landa, Ed","contributorId":83594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landa","given":"Ed","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":240713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}