{"pageNumber":"1992","pageRowStart":"49775","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":98037,"text":"ofr20091246 - 2009 - Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-18T15:40:51","indexId":"ofr20091246","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1246","title":"Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida","docAbstract":"The bedrock in Biscayne National Park (BNP), a 1,730-square kilometer (km2) region off southeast Florida, consists of Pleistocene (1.8 million years ago (Ma) to 10,000 years ago (ka)) and Holocene (10 ka to present) carbonate rocks (Enos and Perkins, 1977; Halley and others, 1997; Multer and others, 2002). Most of the surficial limestone in BNP, including the islands of the Florida Keys, was formed at ~125 ka during the highstand of marine oxygen-isotope substage 5e, when sea level was approximately 6 meters (m) higher than today (Chappell and Shackleton, 1986; Multer and others, 2002; Lidz and others, 2003; Siddall and others, 2003; Balsillie and Donoghue, 2004). During the substage-5e regression, the entire Florida Platform became exposed. Subaerial exposure lasted for approximately 115,000 years (kyr), which resulted in erosion and enhancement of karst-like features (Lidz and others, 2006). As the Holocene transgression began to flood the Florida shelf ~7 to 6 ka, the bedrock depression under Biscayne Bay began to flood, and Holocene coral and reef debris laid the foundation for the present reef system (Enos and Perkins, 1977; Lighty and others, 1982; Toscano and Macintyre, 2003; Lidz and others, 2006).\r\n\r\nMore than 3,000 patch reefs exist within the BNP boundary. Most contain hermatypic corals of various species such as those belonging to Montastrea, Diploria, Siderastrea, Porites, Acropora, and Agaricia. Patch reefs within BNP have two morphologies: pinnacle and flat top. Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) data collected along the offshore BNP coral reef tract show that these two morphologies are clearly defined both in the high-resolution bathymetry maps produced by the Lidar data and by statistical analyses of the Lidar dataset (Brock and others, 2008). Brock and others (2008) also show that the pinnacle patch reefs are deeper than the more shallow, broad, and flat patch reefs. The control for these two patch-reef morphologies is unclear; however, their shapes may be due to a slightly lowered sea level or a stillstand in the middle-Holocene around 4 ka that caused erosion of the shallower reefs and allowed the deeper reefs to remain unaffected. Lidz and others (2006) have suggested a stillstand around 4 ka that carved a 2.5-kilometer (km)-wide nearshore rock ledge into the seaward side of every island in the Florida Keys.\r\n\r\nThe objectives of this study were to sample living corals to understand the more recent (<200 years) changes in climate and environmental conditions of the area and to investigate the Holocene (in this case, <8,000 years in the Florida Keys) depositional history at progressively deeper patch-reef sites. This report provides statistics for the cores and core sites and a basic lithologic description of these Holocene cores.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091246","usgsCitation":"Reich, C.D., Hickey, T.D., DeLong, K.L., Poore, R.Z., and Brock, J., 2009, Holocene core logs and site statistics for modern patch-reef cores: Biscayne National Park, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1246, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091246.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","costCenters":[{"id":575,"text":"St. Petersburg Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125519,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1246.jpg"},{"id":13252,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1246/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Biscayne National Park","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.66666666666667,25.166666666666668 ], [ -80.66666666666667,25.75 ], [ -80,25.75 ], [ -80,25.166666666666668 ], [ -80.66666666666667,25.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reich, Christopher D. 0000-0002-2534-1456 creich@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2534-1456","contributorId":900,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reich","given":"Christopher","email":"creich@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickey, T. Don","contributorId":49066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickey","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Don","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLong, Kristine L.","contributorId":19249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poore, Richard Z. rpoore@usgs.gov","contributorId":345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Richard","email":"rpoore@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98039,"text":"fs20093105 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Modeling Software: Making Sense of a Complex Natural Resource","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"fs20093105","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3105","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Modeling Software: Making Sense of a Complex Natural Resource","docAbstract":"Computer models of groundwater systems simulate the flow of groundwater, including water levels, and the transport of chemical constituents and thermal energy. Groundwater models afford hydrologists a framework on which to organize their knowledge and understanding of groundwater systems, and they provide insights water-resources managers need to plan effectively for future water demands. Building on decades of experience, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) continues to lead in the development and application of computer software that allows groundwater models to address scientific and management questions of increasing complexity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093105","usgsCitation":"Provost, A., Reilly, T.E., Harbaugh, A.W., and Pollock, D.W., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Groundwater Modeling Software: Making Sense of a Complex Natural Resource: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3105, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093105.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125430,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3105.jpg"},{"id":13253,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3105/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2be4b07f02db6131b6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Provost, Alden M.","contributorId":85652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Provost","given":"Alden M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reilly, Thomas E. tereilly@usgs.gov","contributorId":1660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Thomas","email":"tereilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harbaugh, Arlen W. harbaugh@usgs.gov","contributorId":426,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harbaugh","given":"Arlen","email":"harbaugh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollock, David W. dwpolloc@usgs.gov","contributorId":4248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollock","given":"David","email":"dwpolloc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70208391,"text":"70208391 - 2009 - Climate change, land‐cover dynamics and ecohydrology of the Nile River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:11:11","indexId":"70208391","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-11T15:35:26","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Climate change, land‐cover dynamics and ecohydrology of the Nile River Basin","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7522","usgsCitation":"Melesse, A.M., Loukas, A.G., Senay, G., and Yitayew, M., 2009, Climate change, land‐cover dynamics and ecohydrology of the Nile River Basin: Hydrological Processes, v. 23, no. 26, p. 3651-3652, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7522.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"3651","endPage":"3652","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372127,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Burundi, Egypt, Eritrea, Ethiopia, Kenya, Rwanda, Sudan, South Sudan, Tanzania, Uganda","otherGeospatial":"Nile River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              27.59765625,\n              -0.7031073524364783\n            ],\n            [\n              36.03515625,\n              -0.7031073524364783\n            ],\n            [\n              36.03515625,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              27.59765625,\n              30.751277776257812\n            ],\n            [\n              27.59765625,\n              -0.7031073524364783\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"23","issue":"26","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Melesse, Assefa M.","contributorId":45044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melesse","given":"Assefa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":7003,"text":"Deprtment of Earth & Environmental ECS 339, Florida Interational University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":781700,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Loukas, Athanasios G.","contributorId":222254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Loukas","given":"Athanasios","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781701,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Senay, Gabriel B. 0000-0002-8810-8539 senay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8810-8539","contributorId":166812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Senay","given":"Gabriel","email":"senay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781702,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Yitayew, Muluneh","contributorId":222255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Yitayew","given":"Muluneh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781703,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70207232,"text":"70207232 - 2009 - The role of remote sensing and GIS for wildland fire hazard assessment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T14:48:24.428014","indexId":"70207232","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-11T14:21:47","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"35","title":"The role of remote sensing and GIS for wildland fire hazard assessment","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Manual of geographic information systems","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Association of Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, Md","usgsCitation":"Vogelmann, J., Ohlen, D.O., Zhu, Z., Howard, S.M., and Rollins, M., 2009, The role of remote sensing and GIS for wildland fire hazard assessment, chap. 35 <i>of</i> Manual of geographic information systems, p. 677-698.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"677","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370226,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vogelmann, James 0000-0002-0804-5823 vogel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0804-5823","contributorId":192352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vogelmann","given":"James","email":"vogel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5055,"text":"Land Change Science","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ohlen, Donald O. ohlen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3779,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ohlen","given":"Donald","email":"ohlen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":777373,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhu, Z","contributorId":221207,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Z","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777374,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howard, S. M.","contributorId":39153,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Howard","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Rollins, M.G.","contributorId":30434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"M.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70199991,"text":"70199991 - 2009 - Author's response to \"If poultry's to blame, Where's the proof?\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:22:34","indexId":"70199991","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T09:21:31","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Author's response to \"If poultry's to blame, Where's the proof?\"","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/08-558.1","usgsCitation":"Ripley, J., Foran, C., Iwanowicz, L.R., and Blazer, V., 2009, Author's response to \"If poultry's to blame, Where's the proof?\": Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 5, p. 908-909, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-558.1.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"908","endPage":"909","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358230,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10ca79e4b034bf6a7f7657","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ripley, J.L.","contributorId":50570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ripley","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Foran, C.","contributorId":81231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Foran","given":"C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Iwanowicz, Luke R. 0000-0002-1197-6178 liwanowicz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1197-6178","contributorId":190787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Iwanowicz","given":"Luke","email":"liwanowicz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614 vblazer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":150384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","email":"vblazer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98033,"text":"sir20095158 - 2009 - Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-05-04T10:58:36.484661","indexId":"sir20095158","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5158","title":"Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina","docAbstract":"Reliable estimates of the magnitude and frequency of floods are required for the economical and safe design of transportation and water-conveyance structures. A multistate approach was used to update methods for estimating the magnitude and frequency of floods in rural, ungaged basins in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia that are not substantially affected by regulation, tidal fluctuations, or urban development. In North Carolina, annual peak-flow data available through September 2006 were available for 584 sites; 402 of these sites had a total of 10 or more years of systematic record that is required for at-site, flood-frequency analysis. Following data reviews and the computation of 20 physical and climatic basin characteristics for each station as well as at-site flood-frequency statistics, annual peak-flow data were identified for 363 sites in North Carolina suitable for use in this analysis. Among these 363 sites, 19 sites had records that could be divided into unregulated and regulated/ channelized annual peak discharges, which means peak-flow records were identified for a total of 382 cases in North Carolina. Considering the 382 cases, at-site flood-frequency statistics are provided for 333 unregulated cases (also used for the regression database) and 49 regulated/channelized cases. The flood-frequency statistics for the 333 unregulated sites were combined with data for sites from South Carolina, Georgia, and adjacent parts of Alabama, Florida, Tennessee, and Virginia to create a database of 943 sites considered for use in the regional regression analysis.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency statistics were computed by fitting logarithms (base 10) of the annual peak flows to a log-Pearson Type III distribution. As part of the computation process, a new generalized skew coefficient was developed by using a Bayesian generalized least-squares regression model.\r\n\r\nExploratory regression analyses using ordinary least-squares regression completed on the initial database of 943 sites resulted in defining five hydrologic regions for North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. Stations with drainage areas less than 1 square mile were removed from the database, and a procedure to examine for basin redundancy (based on drainage area and periods of record) also resulted in the removal of some stations from the regression database.\r\n\r\nFlood-frequency estimates and basin characteristics for 828 gaged stations were combined to form the final database that was used in the regional regression analysis. Regional regression analysis, using generalized least-squares regression, was used to develop a set of predictive equations that can be used for estimating the 50-, 20-, 10-, 4-, 2-, 1-, 0.5-, and 0.2-percent chance exceedance flows for rural ungaged, basins in North Carolina, South Carolina, and Georgia. The final predictive equations are all functions of drainage area and the percentage of drainage basin within each of the five hydrologic regions. Average errors of prediction for these regression equations range from 34.0 to 47.7 percent.\r\n\r\nDischarge estimates determined from the systematic records for the current study are, on average, larger in magnitude than those from a previous study for the highest percent chance exceedances (50 and 20 percent) and tend to be smaller than those from the previous study for the lower percent chance exceedances when all sites are considered as a group. For example, mean differences for sites in the Piedmont hydrologic region range from positive 0.5 percent for the 50-percent chance exceedance flow to negative 4.6 percent for the 0.2-percent chance exceedance flow when stations are grouped by hydrologic region. Similarly for the same hydrologic region, median differences range from positive 0.9 percent for the 50-percent chance exceedance flow to negative 7.1 percent for the 0.2-percent chance exceedance flow. However, mean and median percentage differences between the estimates from the previous and curre","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095158","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Transportation, Division of Highways (Hydraulics Unit) and the North Carolina Department of Crime Control and Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management (Floodplain Mapping Program)","usgsCitation":"Weaver, J., Feaster, T., and Gotvald, A.J., 2009, Magnitude and Frequency of Rural Floods in the Southeastern United States, through 2006: Volume 2, North Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5158, Report: vi, 113 p.; Downloadable Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095158.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 113 p.; Downloadable Files","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125618,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5158.jpg"},{"id":416654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20235006","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2023–5006","linkHelpText":"- <strong><em>The methods and statistics from SIR 2009–5158 have been updated in SIR 2023–5006.</em></strong>"},{"id":13249,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5158/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -85.5,30 ], [ -85.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,38.5 ], [ -74.5,30 ], [ -85.5,30 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6494db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weaver, J. Curtis","contributorId":42260,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weaver","given":"J. Curtis","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303957,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Feaster, Toby D. 0000-0002-5626-5011 tfeaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5626-5011","contributorId":1109,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feaster","given":"Toby D.","email":"tfeaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gotvald, Anthony J. 0000-0002-9019-750X agotvald@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9019-750X","contributorId":1970,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gotvald","given":"Anthony","email":"agotvald@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98031,"text":"ofr20091110 - 2009 - Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98031,"text":"ofr20091110 - 2009 - Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","indexId":"ofr20091110","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":98928,"text":"ofr20101259 - 2010 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009","indexId":"ofr20101259","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":98928,"text":"ofr20101259 - 2010 - Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009","indexId":"ofr20101259","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic geophysical survey data, portions of the North Platte and South Platte Natural Resources Districts, western Nebraska, May 2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091110","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1110","title":"Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008","docAbstract":"This report is a release of digital data from a helicopter electromagnetic and magnetic survey that was conducted during June 2008 in areas of western Nebraska as part of a joint hydrologic study by the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and U.S. Geological Survey. The objective of the contracted survey, conducted by Fugro Airborne, Ltd., was to improve the understanding of the relationship between surface water and groundwater systems critical to developing groundwater models used in management programs for water resources. The survey covered 1,375 line km (854 line mi). A unique aspect of this survey is the flight line layout. One set of flight lines were flown paralleling each side of the east-west trending North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek. The survey also included widely separated (10 km) perpendicular north-south lines. The success of this survey design depended on a well understood regional hydrogeologic framework and model developed by the Cooperative Hydrologic Study of the Platte River Basin. Resistivity variations along lines could be related to this framework. In addition to these lines, more traditional surveys consisting of parallel flight lines separated by about 270 m were carried out for one block in each of the drainages. These surveys helped to establish the spatial variations of the resistivity of hydrostratigraphic units. The electromagnetic equipment consisted of six different coil-pair orientations that measured resistivity at separated frequencies from about 400 Hz to about 140,000 Hz. The electromagnetic data along flight lines were converted to electrical resistivity. The resulting line data were converted to geo-referenced grids and maps which are included with this report. In addition to the electromagnetic data, total field magnetic data and digital elevation data were collected. Data released in this report consist of data along flight lines, digital grids, and digital maps of the apparent resistivity and total magnetic field. The depth range of the subsurface investigation for the electromagnetic survey (estimated as deep as 60 m) is comparable to the depth of shallow aquifers. The geophysical data and hydrologic information from U.S. Geological Survey and cooperator studies are being used by resource managers to develop groundwater resource plans for the area. In addition, data will be used to refine hydrologic models in western Nebraska.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091110","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resource District, South Platte Natural Resource District, and the Nebraska Environmental Trust","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Abraham, J., Cannia, J.C., and Hill, P., 2009, Helicopter Electromagnetic and Magnetic Geophysical Survey Data for Portions of the North Platte River and Lodgepole Creek, Nebraska, June 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1110, Report: 27 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091110.","productDescription":"Report: 27 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125463,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1110.jpg"},{"id":13247,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1110/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.25,41 ], [ -104.25,42.25 ], [ -102,42.25 ], [ -102,41 ], [ -104.25,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db63606f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303945,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, Jared D.","contributorId":42630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Jared D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303946,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cannia, James C.","contributorId":94356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannia","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303948,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hill, Patricia","contributorId":65160,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"Patricia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98032,"text":"ofr20091283 - 2009 - Rapid assessment of U.S. forest and soil organic carbon storage and forest biomass carbon sequestration capacity","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-07T22:20:02.77893","indexId":"ofr20091283","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1283","title":"Rapid assessment of U.S. forest and soil organic carbon storage and forest biomass carbon sequestration capacity","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report provides results of a rapid assessment of biological carbon stocks and forest biomass carbon sequestration capacity in the conterminous United States. Maps available from the U.S. Department of Agriculture are used to calculate estimates of current organic carbon storage in soils (73 petagrams of carbon, or PgC) and forest biomass (17 PgC). Of these totals, 3.5 PgC of soil organic carbon and 0.8 PgC of forest biomass carbon occur on lands managed by the U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI). Maps of potential vegetation are used to estimate hypothetical forest biomass carbon sequestration capacities that are 3–7 PgC higher than current forest biomass carbon storage in the conterminous United States. Most of the estimated hypothetical additional forest biomass carbon sequestration capacity is accrued in areas currently occupied by agriculture and development. Hypothetical forest biomass carbon sequestration capacities calculated for existing forests and woodlands are within ±1 PgC of estimated current forest biomass carbon storage. Hypothetical forest biomass sequestration capacities on lands managed by the DOI in the conterminous United States are 0–0.4 PgC higher than existing forest biomass carbon storage. Implications for forest and other land management practices are not considered in this report. Uncertainties in the values reported here are large and difficult to quantify, particularly for hypothetical carbon sequestration capacities. Nevertheless, this rapid assessment helps to frame policy and management discussion by providing estimates that can be compared to amounts necessary to reduce predicted future atmospheric carbon dioxide levels.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091283","usgsCitation":"Sundquist, E.T., Ackerman, K.V., Bliss, N.B., Kellndorfer, J.M., Reeves, M.C., and Rollins, M.G., 2009, Rapid assessment of U.S. forest and soil organic carbon storage and forest biomass carbon sequestration capacity: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1283, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091283.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":146,"text":"Branch of Regional Research-Eastern Region","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) 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           -95.15609,\n                49.38425\n              ],\n              [\n                -94.81758,\n                49.38905\n              ]\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      },\n      \"properties\": {\n        \"name\": \"United States\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e47a3e4b07f02db496710","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sundquist, Eric T. 0000-0002-1449-8802 esundqui@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1449-8802","contributorId":1922,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sundquist","given":"Eric","email":"esundqui@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303950,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ackerman, Katherine V.","contributorId":22061,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ackerman","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303951,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bliss, Norman B. 0000-0003-2409-5211 bliss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2409-5211","contributorId":1921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bliss","given":"Norman","email":"bliss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303949,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kellndorfer, Josef M.","contributorId":44256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellndorfer","given":"Josef","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303952,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Reeves, Matt C.","contributorId":73708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reeves","given":"Matt","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Rollins, Matthew G.","contributorId":54695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rollins","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303953,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98029,"text":"ofr20091191 - 2009 - Reconstructing Rodinia by Fitting Neoproterozoic Continental Margins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"ofr20091191","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1191","title":"Reconstructing Rodinia by Fitting Neoproterozoic Continental Margins","docAbstract":"Reconstructions of Phanerozoic tectonic plates can be closely constrained by lithologic correlations across conjugate margins by paleontologic information, by correlation of orogenic belts, by paleomagnetic location of continents, and by ocean floor magmatic stripes. In contrast, Proterozoic reconstructions are hindered by the lack of some of these tools or the lack of their precision. To overcome some of these difficulties, this report focuses on a different method of reconstruction, namely the use of the shape of continents to assemble the supercontinent of Rodinia, much like a jigsaw puzzle. Compared to the vast amount of information available for Phanerozoic systems, such a limited approach for Proterozoic rocks, may seem suspect. However, using the assembly of the southern continents (South America, Africa, India, Arabia, Antarctica, and Australia) as an example, a very tight fit of the continents is apparent and illustrates the power of the jigsaw puzzle method. \r\n\r\nThis report focuses on Neoproterozoic rocks, which are shown on two new detailed geologic maps that constitute the backbone of the study. The report also describes the Neoproterozoic, but younger or older rocks are not discussed or not discussed in detail. \r\n\r\nThe Neoproterozoic continents and continental margins are identified based on the distribution of continental-margin sedimentary and magmatic rocks that define the break-up margins of Rodinia. These Neoproterozoic continental exposures, as well as critical Neo- and Meso-Neoproterozoic tectonic features shown on the two new map compilations, are used to reconstruct the Mesoproterozoic supercontinent of Rodinia. This approach differs from the common approach of using fold belts to define structural features deemed important in the Rodinian reconstruction. Fold belts are difficult to date, and many are significantly younger than the time frame considered here (1,200 to 850 Ma). \r\n\r\nIdentifying Neoproterozoic continental margins, which are primarily extensional in origin, supports recognition of the Neoproterozoic fragmentation pattern of Rodinia and outlines the major continental masses that, prior to the breakup, formed the supercontinent. Using this pattern, Rodinia can be assembled by fitting the pieces together. \r\n\r\nEvidence for Neoproterozoic margins is fragmentary. The most apparent margins are marked by miogeoclinal deposits (passive-margin deposits). The margins can also be outlined by the distribution of continental-margin magmatic-arc rocks, by juvenile ocean-floor rocks, or by the presence of continent-ward extending aulacogens. \r\n\r\nMost of the continental margins described here are Neoproterozoic, and some had an older history suggesting that they were major, long-lived lithospheric flaws. In particular, the western margin of North America appears to have existed for at least 1,470 Ma and to have been reactivated many times in the Neoproterozoic and Phanerozoic. The inheritance of trends from the Mesoproterozoic by the Neoproterozoic is particularly evident along the eastern United States, where a similarity of Mesoproterozoic (Grenville) and Neoproterozoic trends, as well as Paleozoic or Mesozoic trends, is evident. \r\n\r\nThe model of Rodinia presented here is based on both geologic and paleomagnetic information. Geologic evidence is based on the distribution and shape of Neoproterozoic continents and on assembling these continents so as to match the shape, history, and scale of adjoining margins. The proposed model places the Laurasian continents?Baltica, Greenland, and Laurentia?west of the South American continents (Amazonia, Rio de La Plata, and Sa? Francisco). This assembly is indicated by conjugate pairs of Grenville-age rocks on the east side of Laurentia and on the west side of South America. In the model, predominantly late Neoproterozoic magmatic-arc rocks follow the trend of the Grenville rocks. The boundary between South America and Africa is interpreted as the site of a Wilson cycle","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091191","usgsCitation":"Stewart, J.H., 2009, Reconstructing Rodinia by Fitting Neoproterozoic Continental Margins: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1191, Report: iv, 94 p.; 3 Plates - Plates 1 & 2: 48 x 36 inches; Plate 3: 22 x 24 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091191.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 94 p.; 3 Plates - Plates 1 & 2: 48 x 36 inches; Plate 3: 22 x 24 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125801,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1191.jpg"},{"id":13234,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1191/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 180,-90 ], [ 180,90 ], [ -180,90 ], [ -180,-90 ], [ 180,-90 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db6346dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stewart, John H.","contributorId":83086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98030,"text":"ofr20091261 - 2009 - The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona - Appreciating the Importance of Parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:54:23","indexId":"ofr20091261","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1261","title":"The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona - Appreciating the Importance of Parasites","docAbstract":"Although parasites play important ecological roles through the direct interactions they have with their hosts, historically that fact has been underappreciated. Today, scientists have a growing appreciation of the scope of such impacts. Parasites have been reported to dominate food webs, alter predator-prey relationships, act as ecosystem engineers, and alter community structure. In spite of this growing awareness in the scientific community, parasites are still often neglected in the consideration of the management and conservation of resources and ecosystems. Given that at least half of the organisms on earth are probably parasitic, it should be evident that the ecological functions of parasites warrant greater attention. \r\n\r\nIn this report, we explore different aspects of parasite-host relationships found at a desert spring pond within Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona. In three separate but related chapters, we explore interactions between a novel amphipod host and two parasites. First, we identify how host behavior responds to this association and how this association affects interactions with both invertebrate non-host predators and a vertebrate host predator. Second, we look at the human dimension, investigating how human recreation can indirectly affect patterns of disease by altering patterns of vertebrate host space use. Finally - because parasites and diseases are of increasing importance in the management of wildlife species, especially those that are imperiled or of management concern - the third chapter argues that research would benefit from increased attention to the statistical analysis of wildlife disease studies. This report also explores issues of statistical parasitology, providing information that may better inform those designing research projects and analyzing data from studies of wildlife disease. \r\n\r\nIn investigating the nature of parasite-host interactions, the role that relationships play in ecological communities, and how human activities alter these associations, scientists usually make inferences by methods of statistical hypotheses testing. This type of hypothesis testing places additional importance on the analysis and interpretation of parasite-host interactions. We address these ideas in this report, focusing on the following questions: (1) How do two parasites with complex life cycles alter the behavior of a novel amphipod host, and how do host and non-host predators respond to infected amphipod prey? (2) Does human recreation affect spatial patterns of infection in an otherwise natural ecosystem? (3) How is hypothesis-testing applied in studies of wildlife disease? (4) What conclusions can we make about the relative usefulness of these methodologies? and (5) How can the analysis and interpretation of wildlife disease studies be improved? Each chapter of this report contains its own literature-cited section, with tables included in appendixes at the end of the full report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091261","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the University of Arizona","usgsCitation":"O’Brien, C., and van Riper, C., 2009, The Ecology of Parasite-Host Interactions at Montezuma Well National Monument, Arizona - Appreciating the Importance of Parasites: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1261, iv, 56 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091261.","productDescription":"iv, 56 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125524,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1261.jpg"},{"id":13244,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1261/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.8,34.7 ], [ -111.8,37.6 ], [ -111.7,37.6 ], [ -111.7,34.7 ], [ -111.8,34.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67ca6f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"O’Brien, Chris","contributorId":57176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Brien","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98028,"text":"sim3094 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the southern Inyo Mountains and vicinity, Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-10-21T09:40:42","indexId":"sim3094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3094","title":"Geologic Map of the southern Inyo Mountains and vicinity, Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"<p>The Inyo Mountains are located in east-central California between Owens Valley on the west and Saline Valley on the east. This map encompasses the southernmost part of the Inyo Mountains and vicinity, which is centered on the high plateau of Conglomerate Mesa and extends from Owens Valley on the west to the Santa Rosa Hills, Lee Flat, and the Nelson Range on the east. The area includes parts of the Cerro Gordo Peak, Nelson Range, Keeler, and Santa Rosa Flat 7.5' quadrangles.</p>\n<br>\n<p>Sedimentary and volcanic rocks, unconformities, and structural features exposed in the southern Inyo Mountains region provide information critical for reconstructing the complex Paleozoic and Mesozoic tectonic evolution of the southwestern United States. Ordovician to Cretaceous rocks in the map area record a long geologic history during which the continental margin of the western United States gradually changed from a passive tectonic setting in the early and middle Paleozoic to an active tectonic setting in the Jurassic and Cretaceous. A major highlight of the map area is the unusually complete record of late Paleozoic to earliest Mesozoic (Pennsylvanian to Triassic) deformation and sedimentation that marked the transition between the passive and active margin settings. The area also provides an excellent record of Jurassic to Cretaceous deformation and igneous activity that characterized the middle to late Mesozoic active margin. This map provides a detailed depiction of all the Paleozoic and Mesozoic rocks and structural features known in the area. The area also contains important exposures of upper Cenozoic rocks related to the evolution of the Basin and Range province, although detailed mapping of these rocks was beyond the scope of this study.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3094","usgsCitation":"Stone, P., Swanson, B., Stevens, C., Dunne, G.C., and Priest, S.S., 2009, Geologic Map of the southern Inyo Mountains and vicinity, Inyo County, California (Version 1.0: Originally posted November 2009; Version 1.1: October 2014): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3094, Map Sheet: 60 x 36 inches; Report: 22 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Geodatabase; Shapefiles, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3094.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 60 x 36 inches; Report: 22 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Geodatabase; Shapefiles","numberOfPages":"23","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125577,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3094.jpg"},{"id":13233,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":295511,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/pdf/sim3094_pamphlet.pdf"},{"id":295512,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/sim3094_readme.txt"},{"id":295513,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/sim3094_metadata.xml"},{"id":295514,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/sim3094_geodatabase.zip"},{"id":295510,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/pdf/sim3094_map.pdf"},{"id":295515,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3094/sim3094_shapefiles.zip"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Inyo County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.86749999999999,36.43333333333333 ], [ -117.86749999999999,36.55083333333333 ], [ -117.61749999999999,36.55083333333333 ], [ -117.61749999999999,36.43333333333333 ], [ -117.86749999999999,36.43333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0: Originally posted November 2009; Version 1.1: October 2014","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8417","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Paul 0000-0002-1439-0156 pastone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1439-0156","contributorId":273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Paul","email":"pastone@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303937,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, Brian J.","contributorId":100950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Brian J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stevens, Calvin H.","contributorId":59848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Calvin H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dunne, George C.","contributorId":55086,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunne","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303939,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Priest, Susan S. spriest@usgs.gov","contributorId":30204,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Priest","given":"Susan","email":"spriest@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303938,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98025,"text":"sir20095115 - 2009 - Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Drainages of the Yankee Fork of the Salmon River, Custer County, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sir20095115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5115","title":"Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Drainages of the Yankee Fork of the Salmon River, Custer County, Idaho","docAbstract":"This reconnaissance study was undertaken at the request of the USDA Forest Service, Region 4, to assess the geochemistry, in particular the mercury and selenium contents, of mining-impacted sediments in the Yankee Fork of the Salmon River in Custer County Idaho. The Yankee Fork has been the site of hard-rock and placer mining, primarily for gold and silver, starting in the 1880s. Major dredge placer mining from the 1930s to 1950s in the Yankee Fork disturbed about a 10-kilometer reach. Mercury was commonly used in early hard-rock mining and placer operations for amalgamation and recovery of gold. During the late 1970s, feasibility studies were done on cyanide-heap leach recovery of gold from low-grade ores of the Sunbeam and related deposits. In the mid-1990s a major open-pit bulk-vat leach operation was started at the Grouse Creek Mine. This operation shut down when gold values proved to be lower than expected. \r\n\r\nMercury in stream sediments in the Yankee Fork ranges from below 0.02 ppm to 7 ppm, with the highest values associated with old mill locations and lode and placer mines. Selenium ranges from below the detection limit for this study of 0.2 ppm to 4 ppm in Yankee Fork sediment samples. The generally elevated selenium content in the sediment samples reflect the generally high selenium contents in the volcanic rocks that underlie the Yankee Fork and the presence of gold and silver selenides in some of the veins that were exploited in the early phases of mining.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095115","usgsCitation":"Frost, T.P., and Box, S.E., 2009, Stream-Sediment Geochemistry in Mining-Impacted Drainages of the Yankee Fork of the Salmon River, Custer County, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5115, Report: viii, 51 p.; Data Folder, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095115.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; Data Folder","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125600,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5115.jpg"},{"id":13223,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62717a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frost, Thomas P. 0000-0001-8348-8432 tfrost@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8348-8432","contributorId":203,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frost","given":"Thomas","email":"tfrost@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303930,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Box, Stephen E. 0000-0002-5268-8375 sbox@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5268-8375","contributorId":1843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Box","given":"Stephen","email":"sbox@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303931,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98023,"text":"sir20095063 - 2009 - Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury Aquifer System, Southeastern Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-17T13:38:48","indexId":"sir20095063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5063","title":"Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury Aquifer System, Southeastern Massachusetts","docAbstract":"The glacial sediments that underlie the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury area of southeastern Massachusetts compose an important aquifer system that is the primary source of water for a region undergoing rapid development. Population increases and land-use changes in this area has led to two primary environmental effects that relate directly to groundwater resources: (1) increases in pumping that can adversely affect environmentally sensitive groundwater-fed surface waters, such as ponds, streams, and wetlands; and (2) adverse effects of land use on the quality of water in the aquifer. In response to these concerns, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection, began an investigation in 2005 to improve the understanding of the hydrogeology in the area and to assess the effects of changing pumping and recharge conditions on groundwater flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury aquifer system.\r\n\r\nA numerical flow model was developed based on the USGS computer program MODFLOW-2000 to assist in the analysis of groundwater flow. Model simulations were used to determine water budgets, flow directions, and the sources of water to pumping wells, ponds, streams, and coastal areas.\r\n\r\nModel-calculated water budgets indicate that approximately 298 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) of water recharges the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury aquifer system. Most of this water (about 70 percent) moves through the aquifer, discharges to streams, and then reaches the coast as surface-water discharge. Of the remaining 30 percent of flow, about 25 percent of the water that enters the aquifer as recharge discharges directly to coastal areas and 5 percent discharges to pumping wells.\r\n\r\nGroundwater withdrawals are anticipated to increase from the current (2005) rate of about 14 Mgal/d to about 21 Mgal/d by 2030. Pumping from large-capacity production wells decreases water levels and increases the potential for effects on surface-water bodies, which are affected by pumping and wastewater disposal locations and rates. Pumping wells that are upgradient of surface-water bodies potentially capture water that would otherwise discharge to these surface-water bodies, thereby reducing streamflow and pond levels. The areas most affected by proposed increases in groundwater withdrawals are in the Towns of Plymouth and Wareham where more than half of the proposed increase in pumping will occur.\r\n\r\nIn response to an increase of about 7 Mgal/d of pumping, groundwater discharge to streams is reduced by about 6 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) (about 4 Mgal/d) from a total of about 325 ft3/s. Reduction in streamflow is moderated by an increase of artificial recharge from wastewater returned to the aquifer by onsite domestic septic systems and centralized wastewater treatment facilities. It is anticipated that about 3 Mgal/d of the 7 Mgal/d of increase in pumped water will be returned to the aquifer as wastewater by 2030.\r\n\r\nCurrently (2005) about 3 percent of groundwater discharge to streams is from wastewater return flow to the aquifer during average conditions. During drought conditions, the component of streamflow augmented by wastewater return flow doubles as wastewater recharge remains constant and aquifer recharge rates decrease. Wastewater return flow, whether as direct groundwater discharge to streams or as an additional source of aquifer recharge, increases the height of the water table near streams, thereby moderating the effects of increased groundwater withdrawals on streamflow.\r\n\r\nAn analysis of a simulated drought similar to the 1960s drought of record indicates that the presence of streams moderates the effects on water levels of reduced aquifer recharge. The area where water-table altitudes were least affected by drought was in the Weweantic River watershed in the Town of Carver. Water levels decreased by less than 2 feet from current average conditions compared to decreases of greater than 5","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095063","isbn":"9781411324336","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Massachusetts Department of Environmental Protection-Drinking Water Program","usgsCitation":"Masterson, J., Carlson, C.S., Walter, D.A., Other contributing authors: Bent, G.C., and Massey, A.J., 2009, Hydrogeology and Simulation of Groundwater Flow in the Plymouth-Carver-Kingston-Duxbury Aquifer System, Southeastern Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5063, vi, 111 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095063.","productDescription":"vi, 111 p.","costCenters":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125592,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5063.jpg"},{"id":13221,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -70.91666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -70.91666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -70.41666666666667,42.166666666666664 ], [ -70.41666666666667,41.666666666666664 ], [ -70.91666666666667,41.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db6277a7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Masterson, John P. 0000-0003-3202-4413 jpmaster@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3202-4413","contributorId":1865,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Masterson","given":"John P.","email":"jpmaster@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Walter, Donald A. 0000-0003-0879-4477 dawalter@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0879-4477","contributorId":1101,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walter","given":"Donald","email":"dawalter@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303923,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Other contributing authors: Bent, Gardner C.","contributorId":106219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Other contributing authors: Bent","given":"Gardner","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Massey, Andrew J. 0000-0003-3995-8657 ajmassey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3995-8657","contributorId":1862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massey","given":"Andrew","email":"ajmassey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98022,"text":"sir20095026 - 2009 - Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-12-14T19:58:27.254958","indexId":"sir20095026","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5026","title":"Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230","docAbstract":"During 2005, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) developed, calibrated, and validated a multidimensional flow model for simulating streamflow in the white sturgeon spawning habitat of the Kootenai River in Idaho. The model was developed as a tool to aid understanding of the physical factors affecting quality and quantity of spawning and rearing habitat used by the endangered white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) and for assessing the feasibility of various habitat-enhancement scenarios to re-establish recruitment of white sturgeon. At the request of the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, the USGS extended the two-dimensional flow model developed in 2005 into a braided reach upstream of the current white sturgeon spawning reach. Many scientists consider the braided reach a suitable substrate with adequate streamflow velocities for re-establishing recruitment of white sturgeon. The 2005 model was extended upstream to help assess the feasibility of various strategies to encourage white sturgeon to spawn in the reach. At the request of the Idaho Department of Fish and Game, the USGS also extended the two-dimensional flow model several kilometers downstream of the white sturgeon spawning reach. This modified model can quantify the physical characteristics of a reach that white sturgeon pass through as they swim upstream from Kootenay Lake to the spawning reach. The USGS Multi-Dimensional Surface-Water Modeling System was used for the 2005 modeling effort and for this subsequent modeling effort. This report describes the model applications and limitations, presents the results of a few simple simulations, and demonstrates how the model can be used to link physical characteristics of streamflow to the location of white sturgeon spawning events during 1994-2001. Model simulations also were used to report on the length and percentage of longitudinal profiles that met the minimum criteria during May and June 2006 and 2007 as stipulated in the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Biological Opinion.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, Idaho Department of Fish and Game, and Bonneville Power Administration","usgsCitation":"Barton, G., McDonald, R.R., and Nelson, J.M., 2009, Simulation of streamflow using a multidimensional flow model for white sturgeon habitat, Kootenai River near Bonners Ferry, Idaho – Supplement to Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5230: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5026, vi, 35 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095026.","productDescription":"vi, 35 p.","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126866,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5026.jpg"},{"id":392873,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87740.htm"},{"id":13220,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5026/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho","city":"Bonners Ferry","otherGeospatial":"Kootenai River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.4422,\n              48.6861\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.1903,\n              48.6861\n              ],\n            [\n              -116.1903,\n              48.805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4422,\n              48.805\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.4422,\n              48.6861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6976cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barton, Gary J. gbarton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1147,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barton","given":"Gary J.","email":"gbarton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303920,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303921,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nelson, Jonathan M. 0000-0002-7632-8526 jmn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7632-8526","contributorId":2812,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Jonathan","email":"jmn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303922,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98020,"text":"ofr20091258 - 2009 - A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics:  A website for distribution of data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-08-03T13:47:25.78788","indexId":"ofr20091258","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1258","title":"A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics:  A website for distribution of data","docAbstract":"Under an initiative started by Thomas G. Hildenbrand of the U.S. Geological Survey, we have improved the long-wavelength (50-2,500 km) content of the regional magnetic anomaly compilation for the conterminous United States by utilizing a nearly homogeneous set of National Uranium Resource Evaluation (NURE) magnetic surveys flown from 1975 to 1981. The surveys were flown in quadrangles of 2 deg of longitude by 1 deg of latitude with east-west flight lines spaced 4.8 to 9.6 km apart, north-south tie lines variably spaced, and a nominal terrain clearance of 122 m. Many of the surveys used base-station magnetometers to remove external field variations.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091258","usgsCitation":"Ravat, D., Finn, C.A., Hill, P., Kucks, R., Phillips, J., Blakely, R., Bouligand, C., Sabaka, T., Elshayat, A., Aref, A., and Elawadi, E., 2009, A preliminary, full spectrum, magnetic anomaly grid of the United States with improved long wavelengths for studying continental dynamics:  A website for distribution of data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1258, Report: 7 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091258.","productDescription":"Report: 7 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and 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D.","contributorId":102971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ravat","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Carol A. 0000-0002-6178-0405 cfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6178-0405","contributorId":1326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Carol","email":"cfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hill, P.","contributorId":57181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hill","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kucks, R.","contributorId":23246,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kucks","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Phillips, J.","contributorId":16532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phillips","given":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Blakely, R.","contributorId":65569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bouligand, C.","contributorId":55928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouligand","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Sabaka, T.","contributorId":12586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabaka","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Elshayat, A.","contributorId":66802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elshayat","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Aref, A.","contributorId":8958,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aref","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Elawadi, E.","contributorId":40694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elawadi","given":"E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":98026,"text":"sim3092 - 2009 - Groundwater-Quality Survey of the South Coast Aquifer of Puerto Rico, April 2 through May 30, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"sim3092","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3092","title":"Groundwater-Quality Survey of the South Coast Aquifer of Puerto Rico, April 2 through May 30, 2007","docAbstract":"The increased potential for variability of groundwater quality in the South Coast aquifer of Puerto Rico due to saline water encroachment from the Caribbean Sea and from deep parts of the aquifer has become a major concern of water planners and managers. In an effort to determine the extent and sources of this encroachment, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources conducted a synoptic groundwater-quality survey from April 2 through May 30, 2007, for the South Coast aquifer between Ponce and Arroyo (fig. 1). Groundwater resources in this aquifer extend 150 square miles in south-central Puerto Rico and provide an estimated 44.2 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) or about 61 percent of the total water needs. This amount includes: 15.3 Mgal/d for irrigation, 27.4 Mgal/d for public supply, and 1.5 Mgal/d for industrial and other uses (W.L. Molina-Rivera, U.S. Geological Survey, written commun., 2007). Since 1980 when most of the south coastal plain was intensively cultivated for sugarcane, total groundwater withdrawals have declined about 32 Mgal/d with the greatest decline occurring in irrigation (37.2 Mgal/d) and the greatest increase occurring in public supply (5.5 Mgal/d). Although withdrawals have declined substantially, a major concern is that aquifer recharge provided by irrigation return flow from surface-water irrigation canals has essentially dropped to zero because of the large-scale implementation of groundwater drip irrigation systems.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3092","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Department of Natural and Environmental Resources","usgsCitation":"Rodriguez, J.M., and Gómez-Gómez, F., 2009, Groundwater-Quality Survey of the South Coast Aquifer of Puerto Rico, April 2 through May 30, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3092, Map Sheet: 48 x 36 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3092.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 48 x 36 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-04-02","temporalEnd":"2007-05-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125576,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3092.jpg"},{"id":13224,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3092/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Lambert Conformal Conic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -66.66666666666667,17.916666666666668 ], [ -66.66666666666667,18.033333333333335 ], [ -66,18.033333333333335 ], [ -66,17.916666666666668 ], [ -66.66666666666667,17.916666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a91e4b07f02db656c87","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rodriguez, Jose M. 0000-0002-4430-9929 jmrod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4430-9929","contributorId":1318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Jose","email":"jmrod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":156,"text":"Caribbean Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303932,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gómez-Gómez, Fernando","contributorId":31366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gómez-Gómez","given":"Fernando","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303933,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98024,"text":"sir20095238 - 2009 - Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":98024,"text":"sir20095238 - 2009 - Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","indexId":"sir20095238","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":9001039,"text":"sir20115040 - 2011 - Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009","indexId":"sir20115040","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009"},"id":1}],"supersededBy":{"id":9001039,"text":"sir20115040 - 2011 - Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009","indexId":"sir20115040","publicationYear":"2011","noYear":false,"title":"Relation between flows and dissolved oxygen in the Roanoke River between Roanoke Rapids Dam and Jamesville, North Carolina, 2005-2009"},"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:26:14","indexId":"sir20095238","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5238","title":"Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005","docAbstract":"Understanding the relation between dam release characteristics and downstream water quality in the lower Roanoke River, North Carolina, is important for natural-resource management and ecosystem protection. Data from four raingages, four water-quality monitoring sites, and one streamflow-measurement site were used to identify statistical relations and discernible quantitative or qualitative patterns linking Roanoke River instream dissolved-oxygen (DO) levels to releases at Roanoke Rapids Dam for the period 1998-2005.\n\nThe time-series DO data, complicated by the occurrence of major hurricanes in the short period of hourly DO data collection at the dam, present a mixed picture of the effects of hydropower peaking (a technique used by hydropower dam operators to produce electricity when consumption is high by passing a large volume of water through the dam turbines, which dramatically increases the volume of flow below the dam) on downstream DO. Other than in 2003 when dissolved-oxygen concentrations in the Roanoke River were likely affected by runoff from Hurricane Isabel rains, there were not consistent, statistically significant differences detected in the annual medians of hourly and(or) daily DO values during peaking versus nonpeaking periods.\n\nAlong the Roanoke River, downstream of Roanoke Rapids Dam at Oak City, North Carolina, using a 95-percent confidence interval, the median value of the May-November daily mean DO concentrations for each year was lower during peaking periods for 2 years, higher for 2 years, and not significantly different for 4 years. Downstream at Jamesville, North Carolina, also using a 95-percent confidence interval, the median value of the annual May-November daily mean DO concentrations during hydropower peaking was lower for 4 years, higher for 2 years, and not significantly different for 2 years. In summary, the effect of hydropower peaking on downstream DO was inconsistent. Conversely, large precipitation events downstream from the dam resulted in consistent, statistically significant decreases in DO in the mainstem of the Roanoke River at Oak City and Jamesville.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095238","collaboration":"The PDF for the publication has been withdrawn","usgsCitation":"Wehmeyer, L.L., and Bales, J.D., 2009, Relation Between Flow and Dissolved Oxygen in the Roanoke River Between Roanoke Rapids and Jamesville, North Carolina, 1998-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5238, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095238.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126877,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5238.jpg"},{"id":13222,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5238/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"Jamesville, Roanoke Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Roanoke River ","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,35 ], [ -81,37.5 ], [ -75.5,37.5 ], [ -75.5,35 ], [ -81,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db634c9d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wehmeyer, Loren L.","contributorId":90412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wehmeyer","given":"Loren","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303929,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bales, Jerad D. 0000-0001-8398-6984 jdbales@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8398-6984","contributorId":683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bales","given":"Jerad","email":"jdbales@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98027,"text":"tm6A33 - 2009 - GWM-2005 - A Groundwater-Management Process for MODFLOW-2005 with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) Capability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"tm6A33","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A33","title":"GWM-2005 - A Groundwater-Management Process for MODFLOW-2005 with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) Capability","docAbstract":"This report describes the Groundwater-Management (GWM) Process for MODFLOW-2005, the 2005 version of the U.S. Geological Survey modular three-dimensional groundwater model. GWM can solve a broad range of groundwater-management problems by combined use of simulation- and optimization-modeling techniques. These problems include limiting groundwater-level declines or streamflow depletions, managing groundwater withdrawals, and conjunctively using groundwater and surface-water resources. GWM was initially released for the 2000 version of MODFLOW.\r\n\r\nSeveral modifications and enhancements have been made to GWM since its initial release to increase the scope of the program's capabilities and to improve its operation and reporting of results. The new code, which is called GWM-2005, also was designed to support the local grid refinement capability of MODFLOW-2005. Local grid refinement allows for the simulation of one or more higher resolution local grids (referred to as child models) within a coarser grid parent model. Local grid refinement is often needed to improve simulation accuracy in regions where hydraulic gradients change substantially over short distances or in areas requiring detailed representation of aquifer heterogeneity. GWM-2005 can be used to formulate and solve groundwater-management problems that include components in both parent and child models. Although local grid refinement increases simulation accuracy, it can also substantially increase simulation run times.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/tm6A33","usgsCitation":"Ahlfeld, D.P., Baker, K.M., and Barlow, P.M., 2009, GWM-2005 - A Groundwater-Management Process for MODFLOW-2005 with Local Grid Refinement (LGR) Capability: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A33, viii, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A33.","productDescription":"viii, 67 p.","costCenters":[{"id":327,"text":"Groundwater Resources Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a33.gif"},{"id":13225,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/tm6a33/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b146b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ahlfeld, David P.","contributorId":49464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ahlfeld","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303936,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Kristine M.","contributorId":21250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Kristine","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303935,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Barlow, Paul M. 0000-0003-4247-6456 pbarlow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4247-6456","contributorId":1200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barlow","given":"Paul","email":"pbarlow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":493,"text":"Office of Ground Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303934,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98021,"text":"ofr20091270 - 2009 - Summary of survival data from juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, northern California, 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T12:40:12","indexId":"ofr20091270","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1270","title":"Summary of survival data from juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, northern California, 2009","docAbstract":"A study of the effects of the discharge from Iron Gate Dam on the Klamath River on juvenile coho salmon during their seaward migration began in 2005. Estimates of fish survival through various reaches of the river downstream of the dam were completed in 2006, 2007, 2008, and 2009. This report describes the estimates of survival during 2009, and is a complement to similar reports for 2006, 2007, and 2008. For each year, a series of numerical models were evaluated to determine apparent survival and recapture probabilities of radio-tagged fish in several river reaches between Iron Gate Hatchery at river kilometer 309 and a site at river kilometer 33. The evaluations indicate that the primary differences among years are in the survivals through reaches upstream of the confluence of the Scott River with the Klamath River. Data from 2009, one of two years when fish from both hatchery and wild origins were available for analysis, indicate that survival of wild and hatchery fish are similar.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091270","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Beeman, J.W., and Juhnke, S.D., 2009, Summary of survival data from juvenile coho salmon in the Klamath River, northern California, 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1270, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091270.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125525,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1270.jpg"},{"id":13219,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1270/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341845,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1270/pdf/ofr20091270.pdf","text":"Report","size":"415 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              41.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58,\n              41.1\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              41.9\n            ],\n            [\n              -124.1,\n              41.1\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b04e4b07f02db6994f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Beeman, John W. jbeeman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2646,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beeman","given":"John","email":"jbeeman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Juhnke, Steven D.","contributorId":14075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juhnke","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303919,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70273253,"text":"70273253 - 2009 - An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. I. Description of method","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-23T15:54:19.63963","indexId":"70273253","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-03T09:48:50","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. I. Description of method","docAbstract":"<p><span>We used the Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) from MODIS to scale evapotranspiration (ET</span><sub>actual</sub><span>) over agricultural and riparian areas along the Lower Colorado River in the southwestern US. Ground measurements of ET</span><sub>actual</sub><span>&nbsp;by alfalfa, saltcedar, cottonwood and arrowweed were expressed as fraction of potential (reference crop) ET</span><sub>o</sub><span>&nbsp;(ET</span><sub>o</sub><span>F) then regressed against EVI scaled between bare soil (0) and full vegetation cover (1.0) (EVI*). EVI* values were calculated based on maximum and minimum EVI values from a large set of riparian values in a previous study. A satisfactory relationship was found between crop and riparian plant ET</span><sub>o</sub><span>F and EVI*, with an error or uncertainty of about 20% in the mean estimate (mean ET</span><sub>actual</sub><span>&nbsp;= 6.2 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, RMSE = 1.2 mm d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>). The equation for ET</span><sub>actual</sub><span>&nbsp;was: ET</span><sub>actual</sub><span>&nbsp;= 1.22 × ET</span><sub>o-BC</sub><span>&nbsp;× EVI*, where ET</span><sub>o-BC</sub><span>&nbsp;is the Blaney Criddle formula for ET</span><sub>o</sub><span>. This single algorithm applies to all the vegetation types in the study, and offers an alternative to ET</span><sub>actual</sub><span>&nbsp;estimates that use crop coefficients set by expert opinion, by using an algorithm based on the actual state of the canopy as determined by time-series satellite images.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/rs1041273","usgsCitation":"Nagler, P.L., Morino, K., Murray, R.S., Osterberg, J., and Glenn, E., 2009, An empirical algorithm for estimating agricultural and riparian evapotranspiration using MODIS Enhanced Vegetation Index and ground measurements of ET. I. Description of method: Remote Sensing, v. 1, no. 4, p. 1273-1297, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041273.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"1273","endPage":"1297","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":498056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs1041273","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":497939,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"1","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-10","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X pnagler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":1398,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","email":"pnagler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":952882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Morino, Kiyomi","contributorId":78210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morino","given":"Kiyomi","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Murray, R. Scott","contributorId":64468,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Osterberg, John","contributorId":179107,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Osterberg","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":952885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Glenn, Edward P.","contributorId":56542,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Glenn","given":"Edward P.","affiliations":[{"id":13060,"text":"Department of Soil, Water and Environmental Science, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":952886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70041598,"text":"70041598 - 2009 - Fractures, stress and fluid flow prior to stimulation of well 27-15, Desert Peak, Nevada, EGS project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-04-08T16:51:41","indexId":"70041598","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-03T02:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"title":"Fractures, stress and fluid flow prior to stimulation of well 27-15, Desert Peak, Nevada, EGS project","docAbstract":"<p><span>A suite of geophysical logs has been acquired for structural, fluid flow and stress analysis of well 27-15 in the Desert Peak Geothermal Field, Nevada, in preparation for stimulation and development of an Enhanced Geothermal System (EGS). Advanced Logic Technologies Borehole Televiewer (BHTV) and Schlumberger Formation MicroScanner (FMS) image logs reveal extensive drilling-induced tensile fractures, showing that the current minimum compressive horizontal stress, Shmin, in the vicinity of well 27-15 is oriented along an azimuth of 114&plusmn;17&deg;. This orientation is consistent with the dip direction of recently active normal faults mapped at the surface and with extensive sets of fractures and some formation boundaries seen in the BHTV and FMS logs. Temperature and spinner flowmeter surveys reveal several minor flowing fractures that are well oriented for normal slip, although over-all permeability in the well is quite low. These results indicate that well 27-15 is a viable candidate for EGS stimulation and complements research by other investigators including cuttings analysis, a reflection seismic survey, pressure transient and tracer testing, and micro-seismic monitoring.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings: Thirty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceTitle":"Thirty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering","conferenceDate":"February 9-11, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Stanford, CA","language":"English","publisher":"Standford University","usgsCitation":"Davatzes, N.C., and Hickman, S.H., 2009, Fractures, stress and fluid flow prior to stimulation of well 27-15, Desert Peak, Nevada, EGS project, <i>in</i> Proceedings: Thirty-Fourth Workshop on Geothermal Reservoir Engineering, Stanford, CA, February 9-11, 2009, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012611","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":319941,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":319940,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pangea.stanford.edu/researchgroups/geothermal/publications?page=2"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Desert Peak Geothermal Field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -118.84529113769531,\n              39.251397769004896\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.77593994140624,\n              39.25086604435735\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.75946044921874,\n              39.23278500746931\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.76289367675783,\n              39.19022300931075\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.80203247070312,\n              39.179046210512645\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92494201660156,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.92562866210938,\n              39.21044317496811\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.85627746582033,\n              39.23969889541686\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.84529113769531,\n              39.251397769004896\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57248612e4b0b13d391594cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davatzes, Nicholas C.","contributorId":138855,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Davatzes","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":12547,"text":"Temple University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":626321,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":626322,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70155332,"text":"70155332 - 2009 - Hydrogeologic characteristics and water levels of Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-31T16:30:54","indexId":"70155332","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Hydrogeologic characteristics and water levels of Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas","docAbstract":"<p>The Wilcox Group of Eocene and Paleocene age is located throughout most of southern and eastern Arkansas. The Wilcox Group in southern Arkansas is undifferentiated, while in northeastern Arkansas, the Wilcox Group is subdivided into three units: Flour Island, Fort Pillow Sand, and Old Breastworks Formation. The Wilcox Group crops out in southwestern Arkansas in discontinuous, 1 to 3 mi wide bands. In northeastern Arkansas, the Wilcox Group crops out along a narrow, discontinuous, band along the western edge of Crowleys Ridge. </p><p>The Wilcox aquifer provides sources of groundwater in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas. In 2005, reported withdrawals from the Wilcox aquifer in Arkansas totaled 27.0 million gallons per day, most of which came from the northeastern area. Major withdrawals from the aquifer were for public supplies with lesser but locally important withdrawals for commercial, domestic, and industrial uses. </p><p>A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Arkansas Natural Resources Commission and the Arkansas Geological Survey to determine the water levels associated with the Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas. During February 2009, 58 water-level measurements were made in wells completed in the Wilcox aquifer. The results from this study and previous studies are presented as potentiometric-surface maps, water-level difference maps, and long-term hydrographs. </p><p>The direction of groundwater flow in the southwestern area is affected by two potentiometric-surface mounds, one in the north and the other in the southwest, and a cone of depression in the center. The direction of water flowing off of the northern mound of water is generally to the south and east with some to the north. The direction of water flowing off of the southwestern mound is generally to the south and east. The direction of water flowing into the cone of depression is generally from the north, west, and south. The direction of groundwater flow in the northeastern area is generally to the south and southeast, except in the northwestern part of the area where the flow is in a westerly direction towards Paragould. Large groundwater withdrawals have altered the natural direction of flow near centers of pumping at Paragould and West Memphis. </p><p>Water-level difference maps for the Wilcox aquifer in Arkansas were constructed using the differences between water-level measurements made during 2003 and 2009 from 52 wells. The difference in water levels between 2003 and 2009 in the southwestern area ranged from -36.4 to 16.0 ft. Water levels rose in the northern parts of the southwestern area, while the water levels in the southern part of the area declined with the exception of one well. The differences in water levels between 2003 and 2009 in the&nbsp;northeastern area ranged from -21.7 to 1.3 ft. Water levels declined throughout the northeastern area with the exception of two wells. </p><p>Hydrographs from 42 wells with a minimum of 20 yr of water-level measurements were constructed. Trend lines using linear regression were calculated for the period from 1990 to 2009 to determine the slope in ft/yr for water levels in each well. In the southwestern area, the county mean annual water level rose 0.15 ft/yr in Hot Spring County. County mean annual water levels declined between 0.71 ft/yr and 0.03 ft/yr in Clark, Hempstead, and Nevada counties. In the northeastern area, the county mean annual water level rose 0.46 ft/yr in Greene County. County mean annual water levels declined between 0.03 ft/yr and 2.12 ft/yr in Clay, Craighead, Crittenden, Lee, Mississippi, Poinsett, and St. Francis counties.</p>","conferenceTitle":"GCAGS 59th Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"September 27-29, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Shreveport, LA","language":"English","publisher":"The Gulf Coast Association of Geological Societies","usgsCitation":"Pugh, A., and Schrader, T.P., 2009, Hydrogeologic characteristics and water levels of Wilcox aquifer in southwestern and northeastern Arkansas, GCAGS 59th Annual Meeting, Shreveport, LA, September 27-29, 2009, p. 621-636.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"621","endPage":"636","ipdsId":"IP-013697","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341830,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas","otherGeospatial":"Wilcox 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,{"id":70003638,"text":"70003638 - 2009 - Behavioral response of the coachwhip <i>(Masticophis flagellum)</i> to habitat fragment size and isolation in an urban landscape","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T17:06:00.132693","indexId":"70003638","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T16:50:09","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2334,"text":"Journal of Herpetology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral response of the coachwhip <i>(Masticophis flagellum)</i> to habitat fragment size and isolation in an urban landscape","docAbstract":"<p><span>Habitat fragmentation is a significant threat to biodiversity worldwide. Habitat loss and the isolation of habitat fragments disrupt biological communities, accelerate the extinction of populations, and often lead to the alteration of behavioral patterns typical of individuals in large, contiguous natural areas. We used radio-telemetry to study the space-use behavior of the Coachwhip, a larger-bodied, wide-ranging snake species threatened by habitat fragmentation, in fragmented and contiguous areas of coastal southern California. We tracked 24 individuals at three sites over two years. Movement patterns of Coachwhips changed in habitat fragments. As area available to the snakes was reduced, individuals faced increased crowding, had smaller home-range sizes, tolerated greater home-range overlap, and showed more concentrated movement activity and convoluted movement pathways. The behavioral response shown by Coachwhips suggests, on a regional level, area-effects alone cannot explain observed extinctions on habitat fragments but, instead, suggests changes in habitat configuration are more likely to explain the decline of this species. Ultimately, if “edge-exposure” is a common cause of decline, then isolated fragments, appropriately buffered to reduce emigration and edge effects, may support viable populations of fragmentation-sensitive species.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society for the Study of Amphibians and Reptiles","doi":"10.1670/08-147.1","usgsCitation":"Mitrovich, M.J., Diffendorfer, J.E., and Fisher, R.N., 2009, Behavioral response of the coachwhip <i>(Masticophis flagellum)</i> to habitat fragment size and isolation in an urban landscape: Journal of Herpetology, v. 43, no. 4, p. 646-656, https://doi.org/10.1670/08-147.1.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"646","endPage":"656","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":384092,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Tijuana River National Estuarine Research Reserve","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.13339805603027,\n              32.556145988591794\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1121120452881,\n              32.556145988591794\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.1121120452881,\n              32.57726784565577\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13339805603027,\n              32.57726784565577\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.13339805603027,\n              32.556145988591794\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bf65","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mitrovich, Milan J.","contributorId":88864,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mitrovich","given":"Milan","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Diffendorfer, Jay E. 0000-0003-1093-6948 jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1093-6948","contributorId":55137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diffendorfer","given":"Jay","email":"jediffendorfer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70037766,"text":"70037766 - 2009 - Status and conservation of lampreys in California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-03-28T15:40:10.614318","indexId":"70037766","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T16:19:34","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Status and conservation of lampreys in California","docAbstract":"<div class=\"entry-body\"><div class=\"entry-content\"><p><i>Abstract</i>.—Lampreys are among the least studied group of fishes in California. At least seven species inhabit freshwater habitats within the state, including the Kern brook lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Lampetra hubbsi</i>, a California endemic. Four species are micropredators on fish, Pacific lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Entosphenus tridentatus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. tridentata</i>), river lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. ayresii</i>, Klamath lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. similis</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. similis</i>) and Goose Lake lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Entosphenus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>sp. The remaining three species are nonfeeding as adults and are presumed to have many populations isolated from one another. Pacific lamprey and river lamprey are anadromous and may have increased diversity through multiple runs. A systematic analysis of the limited information available indicates that, with the possible exception of the Pit-Klamath brook lamprey<span>&nbsp;</span><i>E. lethophagus</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly<span>&nbsp;</span><i>L. lethophaga</i>), all species are either declining, in low numbers, or in isolated populations. Causes of the declines are multiple and species-specific, but in general, alteration of watersheds by humans, resulting in increased siltation, temperatures and pollution, as well as other habitat changes are the principal causes. Protecting lampreys has the benefit of protecting stream ecosystems throughout the state because of the wide historic presence of lampreys and because ammocoetes require clean, cool water and relatively complex habitat, including stable backwaters.</p></div></div>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Biology, management, and conservation of lampreys in North America","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"American Fisheries Society Symposium 72","conferenceDate":"September 6, 2007","conferenceLocation":"San Francisco, California, United States","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874134.ch17","usgsCitation":"Moyle, P.B., Brown, L.R., Chase, S.D., and Quinones, R.M., 2009, Status and conservation of lampreys in California, <i>in</i> Biology, management, and conservation of lampreys in North America, San Francisco, California, United States, September 6, 2007, p. 279-292, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874134.ch17.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"279","endPage":"292","ipdsId":"IP-007533","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":397710,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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