In high latitudes, changes in climate impact fire regimes and snow cover duration, altering the surface albedo and the heating of the regional atmosphere. In the western Arctic, under four scenarios of future climate change and future fire regimes (2003–2100), we examined changes in surface albedo and the related changes in regional atmospheric heating due to: (1) vegetation changes following a changing fire regime, and (2) changes in snow cover duration. We used a spatially explicit dynamic vegetation model (Alaskan Frame-based Ecosystem Code) to simulate changes in successional dynamics associated with fire under the future climate scenarios, and the Terrestrial Ecosystem Model to simulate changes in snow cover. Changes in summer heating due to the changes in the forest stand age distributions under future fire regimes showed a slight cooling effect due to increases in summer albedo (mean across climates of −0.9 W m−2 decade−1). Over this same time period, decreases in snow cover (mean reduction in the snow season of 4.5 d decade−1) caused a reduction in albedo, and a heating effect (mean across climates of 4.3 W m−2 decade−1). Adding both the summer negative change in atmospheric heating due to changes in fire regimes to the positive changes in atmospheric heating due to changes in the length of the snow season resulted in a 3.4 W m−2 decade−1 increase in atmospheric heating. These findings highlight the importance of gaining a better understanding of the influences of changes in surface albedo on atmospheric heating due to both changes in the fire regime and changes in snow cover duration.
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examines potential effects of sea-level rise from climate change during the twenty-first century, with a focus on the mid-Atlantic coast of the United States. Using scientific literature and policy-related documents, the SAP describes the physical environments; potential changes to coastal environments, wetlands, and vulnerable species; societal impacts and implications of sea-level rise; decisions that may be sensitive to sea-level rise; opportunities for adaptation; and institutional barriers to adaptation. The SAP also outlines the policy context in the mid-Atlantic region and describes the implications of sea-level rise impacts for other regions of the United States. Finally, this SAP discusses ways natural and social science research can improve understanding and prediction of potential impacts to aid planning and decision making.
Projections of sea-level rise for the twenty-first century vary widely, ranging from several centimeters to more than a meter. Rising sea level can inundate low areas and increase flooding, coastal erosion, wetland loss, and saltwater intrusion into estuaries and freshwater aquifers. Existing elevation data for the mid-Atlantic United States do not provide the degree of confidence needed for local decision making. Systematic nationwide collection of high-resolution elevation data would improve the ability to conduct detailed assessments in support of planning. The coastal zone is dynamic and the response of coastal areas to sea-level rise is more complex than simple inundation. Much of the United States consists of coastal environments and landforms such as barrier islands and wetlands that will respond to sea-level rise by changing shape, size, or position. The combined effects of sea-level rise and other climate change factors such as storms may cause rapid and irreversible coastal change. All these changes will affect coastal habitats and species. Increasing population and development in coastal areas also affects the ability of natural ecosystems to adjust to sea-level rise.
Coastal communities and property owners have responded to coastal hazards by erecting shore protection structures, elevating land and buildings, or relocating inland. Accelerated sea-level rise would increase the costs and environmental impacts of these responses. Shoreline armoring can eliminate the land along the shore to which the public has access; beach nourishment projects often increase access to the shore.
Preparing for sea-level rise can be justified in many cases, because the cost of preparing now is small compared to the cost of reacting later. Examples include wetland protection, flood insurance, longlived infrastructure, and coastal land-use planning. Nevertheless, preparing for sea-level rise has been the exception rather than the rule. Most coastal institutions were based on the implicit assumption that sea level and shorelines are stable. Efforts to plan for sea-level rise can be thwarted by several institutional biases, including government policies that encourage coastal development, flood insurance maps that do not consider sea-level rise, federal policies that prefer shoreline armoring over soft shore protection, and lack of plans delineating which areas would be protected or not as sea level rises.
The prospect of accelerated sea-level rise and increased vulnerability in coastal regions underscores the immediate need for improving our scientific understanding of and ability to predict the effects of sea-level rise on natural systems and society. These actions, combined with development of decision support tools for taking adaptive actions and an effective public education program, can lessen the economic and environmental impacts of sea-level rise.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_250","usgsCitation":"Murray, J.R., 2009, GPS: Applications for measuring tectonic and fault-related deformation, chap. of Encyclopedia of complexity and systems science, p. 4249-4283, https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-387-30440-3_250.","productDescription":"35 p.","startPage":"4249","endPage":"4283","ipdsId":"IP-063570","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481922,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Meyers, Robert A.","contributorId":206476,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meyers","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":927039,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":926947,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70164446,"text":"70164446 - 2009 - Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-12T09:44:23","indexId":"70164446","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).","docAbstract":"The effects of embryonic and larval exposure to environmentally relevant (ng/L) concentrations of common antidepressants, fluoxetine, sertraline, venlafaxine, and bupropion (singularly and in mixture) on C-start escape behavior were evaluated in fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas). Embryos (postfertilization until hatching) were exposed for 5 d and, after hatching, were allowed to grow in control well water until 12 d old. Similarly, posthatch fathead minnows were exposed for 12 d to these compounds. High-speed (1,000 frames/s) video recordings of escape behavior were collected and transferred to National Institutes of Health Image for frame-by- frame analysis of latency periods, escape velocities, and total escape response (combination of latency period and escape velocity). When tested 12 d posthatch, fluoxetine and venlafaxine adversely affected C-start performance of larvae exposed as embryos. Conversely, larvae exposed for 12 d posthatch did not exhibit altered escape responses when exposed to fluoxetine but were affected by venlafaxine and bupropion exposure. Mixtures of these four antidepressant pharmaceuticals slowed predator avoidance behaviors in larval fathead minnows regardless of the exposure window. The direct impact of reduced C-start performance on survival and, ultimately, reproductive fitness provides an avenue to assess the ecological relevance of exposure in an assay of relatively short duration.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry/Wiley","doi":"10.1897/08-556.1","usgsCitation":"Furlong, E.T., Barber, L.B., McGee, M.R., Buerkley, M.A., Julius, M.L., Vajda, A.M., Schoenfuss, H.L., Schultz, M.M., and Norris, D., 2009, Antidepressants at environmentally relevant concentrations affect predator avoidance behavior of larval fathead minnows (Pimephales promelas).: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 12, p. 2677-2684, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-556.1.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"2677","endPage":"2684","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-009934","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1897/08-556.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":316587,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"28","issue":"12","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b48443e4b0cc79998052d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Furlong, Edward T. 0000-0002-7305-4603 efurlong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7305-4603","contributorId":740,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Furlong","given":"Edward","email":"efurlong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5046,"text":"Branch of Analytical Serv (NWQL)","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Barber, Larry B. 0000-0002-0561-0831 lbbarber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0561-0831","contributorId":921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barber","given":"Larry","email":"lbbarber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":597382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGee, Meghan R.","contributorId":156305,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGee","given":"Meghan","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buerkley, Megan A.","contributorId":156304,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buerkley","given":"Megan","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Julius, Matthew L.","contributorId":156303,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Julius","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Vajda, Alan M.","contributorId":156301,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vajda","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":6713,"text":"University of Colorado, Boulder CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schoenfuss, Heiko L.","contributorId":156302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schoenfuss","given":"Heiko","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":20306,"text":"St. Cloud State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":597384,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Schultz, Melissa M.","contributorId":52013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schultz","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Norris, David O.","contributorId":156306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norris","given":"David O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70191348,"text":"70191348 - 2009 - Microbial disease and the coral holobiont","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-05T11:37:29","indexId":"70191348","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5312,"text":"Trends in Microbiology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Microbial disease and the coral holobiont","docAbstract":"Tropical coral reefs harbour a reservoir of enormous biodiversity that is increasingly threatened by direct human activities and indirect global climate shifts. Emerging coral diseases are one serious threat implicated in extensive reef deterioration through disruption of the integrity of the coral holobiont – a complex symbiosis between the coral animal, endobiotic alga and an array of microorganisms. In this article, we review our current understanding of the role of microorganisms in coral health and disease, and highlight the pressing interdisciplinary research priorities required to elucidate the mechanisms of disease. We advocate an approach that applies knowledge gained from experiences in human and veterinary medicine, integrated into multidisciplinary studies that investigate the interactions between host, agent and environment of a given coral disease. These approaches include robust and precise disease diagnosis, standardised ecological methods and application of rapidly developing DNA, RNA and protein technologies, alongside established histological, microbial ecology and ecological expertise. Such approaches will allow a better understanding of the causes of coral mortality and coral reef declines and help assess potential management options to mitigate their effects in the longer term.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.tim.2009.09.004","usgsCitation":"Bourne, D.G., Garren, M.E., Work, T.M., Rosenberg, E., Smith, G.W., and Harvell, C.D., 2009, Microbial disease and the coral holobiont: Trends in Microbiology, v. 17, no. 12, p. 554-562, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tim.2009.09.004.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"554","endPage":"562","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":346420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"17","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59d744a3e4b05fe04cc7e327","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bourne, David G.","contributorId":13856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bourne","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garren, Mary E.","contributorId":196950,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garren","given":"Mary","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Work, Thierry M. 0000-0002-4426-9090 thierry_work@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4426-9090","contributorId":1187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Work","given":"Thierry","email":"thierry_work@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":712033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rosenberg, Eugene","contributorId":11520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberg","given":"Eugene","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Garriet W.","contributorId":49715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Garriet","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Harvell, C. Drew","contributorId":32843,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Harvell","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Drew","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":712036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70176260,"text":"70176260 - 2009 - NASA and USGS invest in invasive species modeling to evaluate habitat for Africanized Honey Bees","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-06T14:30:02","indexId":"70176260","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3555,"text":"The Earth Observer","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"NASA and USGS invest in invasive species modeling to evaluate habitat for Africanized Honey Bees","docAbstract":"Invasive non-native species, such as plants, animals, and pathogens, have long been an interest to the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and NASA. Invasive species cause harm to our economy (around $120 B/year), the environment (e.g., replacing native biodiversity, forest pathogens negatively affecting carbon storage), and human health (e.g., plague, West Nile virus). Five years ago, the USGS and NASA formed a partnership to improve ecological forecasting capabilities for the early detection and containment of the highest priority invasive species. Scientists from NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC) and the Fort Collins Science Center developed a longterm strategy to integrate remote sensing capabilities, high-performance computing capabilities and new spatial modeling techniques to advance the science of ecological invasions [Schnase et al., 2002].
","language":"English","publisher":"NASA","usgsCitation":"NASA, 2009, NASA and USGS invest in invasive species modeling to evaluate habitat for Africanized Honey Bees: The Earth Observer, v. 21, no. 6, p. 4-8.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"4","endPage":"8","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328269,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":328268,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://eospso.nasa.gov/sites/default/files/eo_pdfs/Nov_Dec09.pdf#page=4"}],"volume":"21","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57cfe8b8e4b04836416a0dea"} ,{"id":70037192,"text":"70037192 - 2009 - The geochemistry of environmentally important trace elements in UK coals, with special reference to the Parkgate coal in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield, UK","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-02-14T20:29:10.510582","indexId":"70037192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2033,"text":"International Journal of Coal Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The geochemistry of environmentally important trace elements in UK coals, with special reference to the Parkgate coal in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield, UK","docAbstract":"The Parkgate coal of Langsettian age in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire coalfield is typical of many coals in the UK in that it has a high sulphur (S) content. Detailed information on the distribution of the forms of S, both laterally and vertically through the seam, was known from previous investigations. In the present work, 38 interval samples from five measured sections of the coal were comprehensively analysed for major, minor and trace elements and the significance of the relationships established using both raw and centered log transformed data. The major elements are used to quantify the variations in the inorganic and organic coal components and determine the trace element associations. Pyrite contains nearly all of the Hg, As, Se, Tl and Pb and is also the major source of the Mo, Ni, Cd and Sb. The clays contain the following elements in decreasing order of association: Rb, Cs, Li, Ga, U, Cr, V, Sc, Y, Bi, Cu, Nb, Sn, Te and Th. Nearly all of the Rb is present in the clay fraction, whereas for elements such as V, Cu and U, a significant amount is thought to be present in the organic matter, based on the K vs trace element regression equations. Only Ge, and possibly Be, would appear to have a dominant organic source. The trace element concentrations are calculated for pyrite, the clay fraction and organic matter. For pyrite it is noted that concentrations agree with published data from the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire coalfield and also that Tl concentrations (median of 0.33 ppm) in the pyrite are greater than either Hg or Cd. Unlike these elements, Tl has attracted less attention and possibly more information is needed on its anthropogenic distribution and impacts on man and the environment. A seawater source is thought to be responsible for the high concentrations of S, Cl and the non-detrital trace elements in the Parkgate coal. Indicative of the seawater control is the Th/U ratio, which expresses the detrital to non-detrital element contributions. Using other elements, similar ratios can be calculated, which in combination offer greater interpretative value.
","largerWorkTitle":"International Journal of Coal Geology","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.010","usgsCitation":"Spears, D., and Tewalt, S., 2009, The geochemistry of environmentally important trace elements in UK coals, with special reference to the Parkgate coal in the Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield, UK: International Journal of Coal Geology, v. 80, no. 3-4, p. 157-166, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.010.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"157","endPage":"166","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":245249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":217312,"rank":2,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.coal.2009.08.010"},{"id":476214,"rank":3,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://eprints.whiterose.ac.uk/10358/1/Spears_10358.pdf","text":"External Repository"}],"country":"United Kingdom","otherGeospatial":"Yorkshire–Nottinghamshire Coalfield","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -1.6862966770993637,\n 53.80516592158588\n ],\n [\n -1.6862966770993637,\n 52.870590231119166\n ],\n [\n -0.6397695998644792,\n 52.870590231119166\n ],\n [\n -0.6397695998644792,\n 53.80516592158588\n ],\n [\n -1.6862966770993637,\n 53.80516592158588\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"80","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bac4de4b08c986b3233e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spears, D.A.","contributorId":57224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spears","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tewalt, S.J.","contributorId":55838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tewalt","given":"S.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":459835,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70154846,"text":"70154846 - 2009 - Paddlefish management, propagation, and conservation in the 21st century","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-02T16:32:53","indexId":"70154846","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"title":"Paddlefish management, propagation, and conservation in the 21st century","language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","usgsCitation":"Paukert, C.P., and Scholten, G.D., 2009, Paddlefish management, propagation, and conservation in the 21st century, 443 p.","productDescription":"443 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-042599","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":310967,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ],\n [\n -95.2294921875,\n 49.06666839558117\n ],\n [\n -94.9658203125,\n 49.38237278700955\n ],\n [\n -93.9990234375,\n 48.574789910928864\n ],\n [\n -92.021484375,\n 48.40003249610685\n ],\n [\n -89.5166015625,\n 47.98992166741417\n ],\n [\n -91.97753906249999,\n 47.010225655683485\n ],\n [\n -91.0546875,\n 46.830133640447386\n ],\n [\n -87.4072265625,\n 45.460130637921004\n ],\n [\n -87.978515625,\n 44.87144275016589\n ],\n [\n -87.890625,\n 44.74673324024678\n ],\n [\n -87.01171875,\n 45.336701909968106\n ],\n [\n -86.8359375,\n 45.36758436884978\n ],\n [\n -87.9345703125,\n 42.74701217318067\n ],\n [\n -87.451171875,\n 41.541477666790286\n ],\n [\n -80.85937499999999,\n 41.672911819602085\n ],\n [\n -80.419921875,\n 39.842286020743394\n ],\n [\n -79.453125,\n 39.50404070558415\n ],\n [\n -80.947265625,\n 36.70365959719456\n ],\n [\n -83.14453125,\n 35.137879119634185\n ],\n [\n -85.8251953125,\n 34.70549341022544\n ],\n [\n -85.1220703125,\n 31.090574094954192\n ],\n [\n -87.71484375,\n 31.05293398570514\n ],\n [\n -87.4951171875,\n 30.44867367928756\n ],\n [\n -89.8681640625,\n 30.259067203213018\n ],\n [\n -89.07714843749999,\n 29.152161283318915\n ],\n [\n -93.779296875,\n 29.6880527498568\n ],\n [\n -94.39453125,\n 33.46810795527896\n ],\n [\n -100.72265625,\n 34.19817309627726\n ],\n [\n -102.3046875,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -102.0849609375,\n 40.94671366508002\n ],\n [\n -104.4140625,\n 41.178653972331695\n ],\n [\n -104.150390625,\n 45.089035564831036\n ],\n [\n -113.0712890625,\n 45.02695045318546\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 49.009050809382046\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5638975be4b0d6133fe72fd4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paukert, Craig P. 0000-0002-9369-8545 cpaukert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9369-8545","contributorId":879,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paukert","given":"Craig","email":"cpaukert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":564260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scholten, George D.","contributorId":149668,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholten","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":579108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98016,"text":"fs20093004 - 2009 - The Water Cycle in Volusia County","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"fs20093004","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3004","title":"The Water Cycle in Volusia County","docAbstract":"Earth's water is always in motion. The water cycle, also known as the hydrologic cycle, describes the continuous movement of water on, above, and below the Earth's surface. This fact sheet provides information about how much water moves into and out of Volusia County, and where it is stored. It also illustrates the seasonal variation in water quantity and movement using data from some of the hydrologic data collection sites in or near Volusia County, Florida.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093004","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Volusia County","usgsCitation":"German, E.R., 2009, The Water Cycle in Volusia County: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3004, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093004.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":168,"text":"Central Florida Research Park","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125780,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3004.jpg"},{"id":13338,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3004/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.75,28.25 ], [ -81.75,29.75 ], [ -80.5,29.75 ], [ -80.5,28.25 ], [ -81.75,28.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d5bc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"German, Edward R.","contributorId":85567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"German","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":98019,"text":"fs20093102 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey Methodology Development for Ecological Carbon Assessment and Monitoring","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"fs20093102","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3102","title":"U.S. Geological Survey Methodology Development for Ecological Carbon Assessment and Monitoring","docAbstract":"Ecological carbon sequestration refers to transfer and storage of atmospheric carbon in vegetation, soils, and aquatic environments to help offset the net increase from carbon emissions. Understanding capacities, associated opportunities, and risks of vegetated ecosystems to sequester carbon provides science information to support formulation of policies governing climate change mitigation, adaptation, and land-management strategies. Section 712 of the Energy Independence and Security Act (EISA) of 2007 mandates the Department of the Interior to develop a methodology and assess the capacity of our nation's ecosystems for ecological carbon sequestration and greenhouse gas (GHG) flux mitigation. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) LandCarbon Project is responding to the Department of Interior's request to develop a methodology that meets specific EISA requirements.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093102","usgsCitation":"Zhu, Z., and Stackpoole, S., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey Methodology Development for Ecological Carbon Assessment and Monitoring: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3102, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093102.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125428,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3102.jpg"},{"id":13217,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3102/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f1e4b07f02db5ee41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhu, Zhi-Liang","contributorId":70726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zhu","given":"Zhi-Liang","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stackpoole, S.M.","contributorId":98004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stackpoole","given":"S.M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194408,"text":"70194408 - 2009 - Does variation in cranial morphology of Myotis occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) reflect a greater reliance on certain prey types?","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T16:50:29","indexId":"70194408","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":629,"text":"Acta Chiropterologica","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Does variation in cranial morphology of Myotis occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) reflect a greater reliance on certain prey types?","docAbstract":"Few studies have investigated the relationship between morphological variation and local feeding habits of bats in the United States. We used discriminant function analysis (DFA) to compare cranial morphology of Myotis occultus from southern Colorado, and central, and southern New Mexico. We analyzed guano collected from maternity colonies in southern Colorado and central New Mexico to compare food habits. Bats from southern Colorado had the smallest values on the first canonical variate (CV1) that also reflected the smallest measurements of key cranial and dental variables, including height of coronoid process, width of molar, and dentary thickness. Bats from central and southern New Mexico had intermediate and large CV1 values, respectively. Overall, CV1 discriminated individuals occurring in southern Colorado and central New Mexico from those in southern New Mexico. CV2 served best at discriminating bats of southern Colorado from those of central New Mexico. Comparison of food habits revealed that individuals from southern Colorado ate more soft-bodied prey items (e.g., flies) whereas bats from central New Mexico ate more hard-bodied prey items (e.g., beetles). As shown in earlier studies that investigated relationships between morphology and diet of insectivorous bats, we found differences in skull morphology of M. occultusthat were correlated with differences in food habits.
","language":"English","publisher":"Museum and Institute of Zoology, Polish Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.3161/150811009X485666","usgsCitation":"Valdez, E.W., and Bogan, M.A., 2009, Does variation in cranial morphology of Myotis occultus (Chiroptera: Vespertilionidae) reflect a greater reliance on certain prey types?: Acta Chiropterologica, v. 11, no. 2, p. 443-450, https://doi.org/10.3161/150811009X485666.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"443","endPage":"450","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349400,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cd4e4b06e28e9c2573d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Valdez, Ernest W. 0000-0002-7262-3069 ernie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7262-3069","contributorId":3600,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Valdez","given":"Ernest","email":"ernie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":723717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bogan, Michael A.","contributorId":196745,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bogan","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":723718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70194537,"text":"70194537 - 2009 - Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-10T12:49:04","indexId":"70194537","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide","docAbstract":"The purpose of this technical guide is to present an operational definition of adaptive management, identify the conditions in which adaptive management should be considered, and describe the process of using adaptive management for managing natural resources. The guide is not an exhaustive discussion of adaptive management, nor does it include detailed specifications for individual projects. However, it should aid U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) managers and practitioners in determining when and how to apply adaptive management. Adaptive management is framed within the context of structured decision making, with an emphasis on uncertainty about resource responses to management actions and the value of reducing that uncertainty to improve management. Though learning plays a key role in adaptive management, it is seen here as a means to an end, namely good management, and not an end in itself. The operational definition used in the guide is adopted from the National Research Council, which characterizes adaptive management as an iterative learning process producing improved understanding and improved management over time: Adaptive management [is a decision process that] promotes flexible decision making that can be adjusted in the face of uncertainties as outcomes from management actions and other events become better understood. Careful monitoring of these outcomes both advances scientific understanding and helps adjust policies or operations as part of an iterative learning process. Adaptive management also recognizes the importance of natural variability in contributing to ecological resilience and productivity. It is not a ‘trial and error’ process, but rather emphasizes learning while doing. Adaptive management does not represent an end in itself, but rather a means to more effective decisions and enhanced benefits. Its true measure is in how well it helps meet environmental, social, and economic goals, increases scientific knowledge, and reduces tensions among stakeholders. Adaptive management as defined here involves ongoing, real-time learning and knowledge creation, both in a substantive sense and in terms of the adaptive process itself. It is described in what follows in a series of 9 steps, as summarized in section 4.1, involving stakeholder involvement, management objectives, management alternatives, predictive models, monitoring plans, decision making, monitoring responses to management, assessment, and adjustment to management actions. An adaptive approach actively engages stakeholders in all phases of a project over its timeframe, facilitating mutual learning and reinforcing the commitment to learning-based management. Adaptive management in DOI is implemented within a legal context that includes statutory authorities such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Endangered Species Act, and the Federal Advisory Committee Act. For many important problems now facing the resource management community, adaptive management holds great promise in reducing the uncertainties that limit the effective management of natural resource systems. For many conservation and management problems, utilizing management itself in an experimental context may be the only feasible way to gain the system understanding needed to improve management. Though it is commonly thought that an adaptive approach can produce results quickly at low cost, the opposite is more likely to be true. An initial investment of time and effort will increase the likelihood of better decision making and resource stewardship in the future, but patience, flexibility, and support are needed over the life of an adaptive management project. For these reasons it is important to carefully consider the potential use of an adaptive approach, and to engage in careful planning and evaluation when adaptive management is used.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"978-1-4133-2478-7","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., Szaro, R.C., and Shapiro, C.D., 2009, Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide (2009 Edition), v, 72 p.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/ppa/upload/TechGuide.pdf"}],"country":"United States","edition":"2009 Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cd4e4b06e28e9c2573b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B K","contributorId":140651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"B","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":12801,"text":"The Wildlife Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szaro, Robert C.","contributorId":21240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szaro","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl D. 0000-0002-1598-6808 cshapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":3048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","email":"cshapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98018,"text":"sir20095118 - 2009 - Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sir20095118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5118","title":"Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07","docAbstract":"A study was conducted from 2004 to 2007 by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service to assess the characteristics of the local recharge areas of four caves in northern Arkansas and northeastern Oklahoma that provide habitat for a number of unique organisms. Characterization of the local recharge areas are important because the caves occur in a predominately karst system and because land use proximal to the caves, including areas suspected to lie within the local recharge areas, may include activities with potentially deleterious effects to cave water quality.\r\n\r\nAn integrated approach was used to determine the hydrogeologic characteristics and the extent of the local recharge areas of Civil War Cave, January-Stansbury Cave, Nesbitt Spring Cave, and Wasson's Mud Cave. This approach incorporated methods of hydrology, structural geology, geomorphology, and geochemistry. Continuous water-level and water-temperature data were collected at each cave for various periods to determine recharge characteristics. Field investigations were conducted to determine surficial controls affecting the groundwater flow and connections of the groundwater system to land-surface processes in each study area. Qualitative groundwater tracing also was conducted at each cave to help define the local recharge areas. These independent methods of investigation provided multiple lines of evidence for effectively describing the behavior of these complex hydrologic systems.\r\n\r\nCivil War Cave is located near the city of Bentonville in Benton County, Arkansas, and provides habitat for the Ozark cavefish. Civil War Cave is developed entirely within the epikarst of the upper Boone Formation, and recharge to Civil War Cave occurs from the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). The daily mean discharge for the period of study was 0.59 cubic feet per second and ranged from 0.19 to 2.8 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for Civil War Cave was 14.0 degrees Celsius. The calculated recharge area for Civil War Cave ranged from 0.13 to 2.5 square miles using the water-balance equation to 3.80 square miles using a normalized base-flow method. Tracer tests indicated a portion of the water within Civil War Cave was from across a major topographic divide located to the southwest.\r\n\r\nJanuary-Stansbury Cave is located in Delaware County in northeastern Oklahoma, and provides habitat for the Oklahoma cave crayfish and the Ozark cavefish. January-Stansbury Cave is developed in the St. Joe Limestone member of the Boone Formation. The daily mean discharge for the period of study was 1.0 cubic foot per second and ranged from 0.35 to 8.7 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for January-Stansbury Cave was 14.3 degrees. The calculated recharge area for January-Stansbury Cave using the water-balance equation ranged from approximately 0.04 to 0.83 square miles. Tracer tests generally showed water discharging from January-Stansbury Cave during high flow originates from within the topographic drainage area and from an area outside the topographic drainage area to the southwest.\r\n\r\nNesbitt Spring Cave is located near the city of Mountain View in north-central Arkansas and provides habitat for the Hell Creek cave crayfish. Nesbitt Spring Cave is developed in the Plattin Limestone (Ozark aquifer) and is recharged through the Boone Formation (Springfield Plateau aquifer). The mean daily discharge for the period of study was 4.5 cubic feet per second and ranged from 0.39 to 70.7 cubic feet per second. The mean water temperature for Nesbitt Spring Cave was 14.2 degrees Celsius. The calculated recharge area for Nesbitt Spring Cave using the water-balance equation ranged from 0.49 square mile to 4.0 square miles. Tracer tests generally showed a portion of water discharging from Nesbitt Spring during high flow originates from outside the topographic drainage area.\r\n\r\nWasson's Mud Cave is located near the city of Springtown ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095118","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Gillip, J.A., Galloway, J.M., and Hart, R.M., 2009, Assessment of Local Recharge Area Characteristics of Four Caves in Northern Arkansas and Northeastern Oklahoma, 2004-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5118, v, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095118.","productDescription":"v, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125601,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5118.jpg"},{"id":13209,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,35.5 ], [ -95,37 ], [ -91.75,37 ], [ -91.75,35.5 ], [ -95,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db67296a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gillip, Jonathan A. jgillip@usgs.gov","contributorId":3222,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gillip","given":"Jonathan","email":"jgillip@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Galloway, Joel M. 0000-0002-9836-9724 jgallowa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9836-9724","contributorId":1562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Joel","email":"jgallowa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":478,"text":"North Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hart, Rheannon M. 0000-0003-4657-5945 rmhart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4657-5945","contributorId":5516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hart","given":"Rheannon","email":"rmhart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":129,"text":"Arkansas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70176611,"text":"70176611 - 2009 - Oxalosis in wild desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-03T13:08:31","indexId":"70176611","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2507,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Oxalosis in wild desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii","docAbstract":"We necropsied a moribund, wild adult male desert tortoise (Gopherus agassizii) with clinical signs of respiratory disease and elevated plasma biochemical analytes indicative of renal disease (blood urea nitrogen [415 mg/dl], uric acid [11.8 mg/dl], sodium >180 mmol/l] and chloride [139 mmol/l]). Moderate numbers of birefringent oxalate crystals, based on infrared and electron microscopy, were present within renal tubules; small numbers were seen in colloid within thyroid follicles. A retrospective analysis of 66 additional cases of wild desert tortoises was conducted to determine whether similar crystals were present in thyroid and kidney. The tortoises, from the Mojave and Sonoran deserts, were necropsied between 1992 and 2003 and included juveniles and adults. Tortoises were classified as healthy (those that died due to trauma and where no disease was identified after necropsy and evaluation by standard laboratory tests used for other tortoises) or not healthy (having one or more diseases or lesions). For all 67 necropsied tortoises, small numbers of crystals of similar appearance were present in thyroid glands from 44 of 54 cases (81%) and in kidneys from three of 65 cases (5%). Presence of oxalates did not differ significantly between healthy and unhealthy tortoises, between age classes, or between desert region, and their presence was considered an incidental finding. Small numbers of oxalate crystals seen within the kidney of two additional tortoises also were considered an incidental finding. Although the source of the calcium oxalate could not be determined, desert tortoises are herbivores, and a plant origin seems most likely. Studies are needed to evaluate the oxalate content of plants consumed by desert tortoises, and particularly those in the area where the tortoise in renal failure was found.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","doi":"10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.982","usgsCitation":"Jacobson, E., Berry, K.H., Stacy, B., Huzella, L.M., Kalasinsky, V.F., Fleetwood, M.L., and Mense, M.G., 2009, Oxalosis in wild desert tortoises, Gopherus agassizii: Journal of Wildlife Diseases, v. 45, no. 4, p. 982-988, https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.982.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"982","endPage":"988","ipdsId":"IP-008004","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476046,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.7589/0090-3558-45.4.982","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":328879,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"45","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8387e4b0824b2d148b5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jacobson, Elliott R.","contributorId":68630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Elliott R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649375,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stacy, Brian","contributorId":174822,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stacy","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Huzella, Louis M.","contributorId":174823,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Huzella","given":"Louis","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kalasinsky, Victor F.","contributorId":174824,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kalasinsky","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fleetwood, Michelle L.","contributorId":174825,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fleetwood","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mense, Mark G.","contributorId":174826,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mense","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70176612,"text":"70176612 - 2009 - Parasitic castration: the evolution and ecology of body snatchers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-27T10:52:49","indexId":"70176612","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3890,"text":"Trends in Parasitology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Parasitic castration: the evolution and ecology of body snatchers","docAbstract":"Castration is a response to the tradeoff between consumption and longevity faced by parasites. Common parasitic castrators include larval trematodes in snails, and isopod and barnacle parasites of crustaceans. The infected host (with its many unique properties) is the extended phenotype of the parasitic castrator. Because an individual parasitic castrator can usurp all the reproductive energy from a host, and that energy is limited, intra- and interspecific competition among castrators is generally intense. These parasites can be abundant and can substantially depress host density. Host populations subject to high rates of parasitic castration appear to respond by maturing more rapidly.
","language":"English","publisher":"Cell Press","doi":"10.1016/j.pt.2009.09.003","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., and Kuris, A.M., 2009, Parasitic castration: the evolution and ecology of body snatchers: Trends in Parasitology, v. 25, no. 12, p. 564-572, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pt.2009.09.003.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"564","endPage":"572","ipdsId":"IP-012720","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":328880,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"25","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8387e4b0824b2d148b58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":649382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kuris, Armand M.","contributorId":54332,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kuris","given":"Armand","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":649383,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70189695,"text":"70189695 - 2009 - Report from Ground Zero: How geoscientists aid in the aftermath of environmental disasters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-20T13:05:03","indexId":"70189695","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1422,"text":"Earth Magazine","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Report from Ground Zero: How geoscientists aid in the aftermath of environmental disasters","docAbstract":"People around the world remember when they first learned of the attacks on New York City’s World Trade Center towers on Sept. 11, 2001. For me, the memories are vivid — my feelings of shock, horror and sadness were similarly etched on the faces of all the attendees of a mining and the environment workshop in Buenos Aires, Argentina, where I was speaking. At that time, I had no idea that our small research group at the U.S. Geological Survey in Denver, Colo., would soon be called upon to help public officials understand the potential health and environmental implications of the disaster and the ensuing rescue, recovery and cleanup efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"AGI","usgsCitation":"Plumlee, G.S., 2009, Report from Ground Zero: How geoscientists aid in the aftermath of environmental disasters: Earth Magazine, v. 54, p. 38-47.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"38","endPage":"47","costCenters":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344126,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":344125,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.earthmagazine.org/article/report-ground-zero"}],"volume":"54","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5971c1c6e4b0ec1a4885daef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Plumlee, Geoffrey S. 0000-0002-9607-5626 gplumlee@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9607-5626","contributorId":960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plumlee","given":"Geoffrey","email":"gplumlee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":705844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70156470,"text":"70156470 - 2009 - Coastline degradation as an indicator of global change","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T13:32:45","indexId":"70156470","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Coastline degradation as an indicator of global change","docAbstract":"Finding a climate change signal on coasts is more problematic than often assumed. Coasts undergo natural dynamics at many scales, with erosion and recovery in response to climate variability such as El Niño, or extreme events such as storms and infrequent tsunamis. Additionally, humans have had enormous impacts on most coasts, overshadowing most changes that one can presently attribute directly to climate change. Each area of coast is experiencing its own pattern of relative sea-level change and climate change, making discrimination of the component of degradation that results from climate change problems. The best examples of a climate influence are related to temperature rise at low and high latitudes, as seen by the impacts on coral reefs and polar coasts, respectively. Observations through the twentieth century demonstrate the importance of understanding the impacts of sea-level rise and climate change in the context of multiple drivers of change; this will remain a challenge under a more rapidly changing climate. Nevertheless, there are emerging signs that climate change provides a global threat—sea ice is retreating, permafrost in coastal areas is widely melting. Reefs are bleaching more often, and the sea is rising—amplifying widespread trends of subsidence and threatening low-lying areas. To enhance the sustainability of coastal systems, management strategies will also need to address this challenge, focusing on the drivers that are dominant at each section of coast. Global warming through the twentieth century has caused a series of changes with important implications for coastal areas. These include rising temperatures, rising sea level, increasing CO2 concentrations with an associated reduction in seawater pH, and more intense precipitation on average.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Climate change: observed impacts on planet Earth","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/B978-0-444-53301-2.00024-5","usgsCitation":"Nicholls, R.J., Woodroffe, C.D., and Burkett, V., 2009, Coastline degradation as an indicator of global change, chap. of Climate change: observed impacts on planet Earth, p. 409-424, https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-444-53301-2.00024-5.","productDescription":"25 p.","startPage":"409","endPage":"424","numberOfPages":"25","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065417","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307173,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe83eee4b0824b2d148d6d","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Letcher, Trevor M.","contributorId":146873,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Letcher","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569263,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Nicholls, Robert J.","contributorId":101581,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nicholls","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodroffe, Colin D.","contributorId":38832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodroffe","given":"Colin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burkett, Virginia 0000-0003-4746-2862 virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4746-2862","contributorId":2867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkett","given":"Virginia","email":"virginia_burkett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":505,"text":"Office of the AD Climate and Land-Use Change","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ]}