{"pageNumber":"1994","pageRowStart":"49825","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184660,"records":[{"id":70194537,"text":"70194537 - 2009 - Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-10T12:49:04","indexId":"70194537","displayToPublicDate":"2009-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":1,"text":"Federal Government Series"},"title":"Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide","docAbstract":"<p>The purpose of this technical guide is to present an operational definition of adaptive management, identify the conditions in which adaptive management should be considered, and describe the process of using adaptive management for managing natural resources. The guide is not an exhaustive discussion of adaptive management, nor does it include detailed specifications for individual projects. However, it should aid U.S. Department of the Interior (DOI) managers and practitioners in determining when and how to apply adaptive management. Adaptive management is framed within the context of structured decision making, with an emphasis on uncertainty about resource responses to management actions and the value of reducing that uncertainty to improve management. Though learning plays a key role in adaptive management, it is seen here as a means to an end, namely good management, and not an end in itself. The operational definition used in the guide is adopted from the National Research Council, which characterizes adaptive management as an iterative learning process producing improved understanding and improved management over time: Adaptive management [is a decision process that] promotes flexible decision making that can be adjusted in the face of uncertainties as outcomes from management actions and other events become better understood. Careful monitoring of these outcomes both advances scientific understanding and helps adjust policies or operations as part of an iterative learning process. Adaptive management also recognizes the importance of natural variability in contributing to ecological resilience and productivity. It is not a ‘trial and error’ process, but rather emphasizes learning while doing. Adaptive management does not represent an end in itself, but rather a means to more effective decisions and enhanced benefits. Its true measure is in how well it helps meet environmental, social, and economic goals, increases scientific knowledge, and reduces tensions among stakeholders. Adaptive management as defined here involves ongoing, real-time learning and knowledge creation, both in a substantive sense and in terms of the adaptive process itself. It is described in what follows in a series of 9 steps, as summarized in section 4.1, involving stakeholder involvement, management objectives, management alternatives, predictive models, monitoring plans, decision making, monitoring responses to management, assessment, and adjustment to management actions. An adaptive approach actively engages stakeholders in all phases of a project over its timeframe, facilitating mutual learning and reinforcing the commitment to learning-based management. Adaptive management in DOI is implemented within a legal context that includes statutory authorities such as the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA), the Endangered Species Act, and the Federal Advisory Committee Act. For many important problems now facing the resource management community, adaptive management holds great promise in reducing the uncertainties that limit the effective management of natural resource systems. For many conservation and management problems, utilizing management itself in an experimental context may be the only feasible way to gain the system understanding needed to improve management. Though it is commonly thought that an adaptive approach can produce results quickly at low cost, the opposite is more likely to be true. An initial investment of time and effort will increase the likelihood of better decision making and resource stewardship in the future, but patience, flexibility, and support are needed over the life of an adaptive management project. For these reasons it is important to carefully consider the potential use of an adaptive approach, and to engage in careful planning and evaluation when adaptive management is used.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","isbn":"978-1-4133-2478-7","usgsCitation":"Williams, B.K., Szaro, R.C., and Shapiro, C.D., 2009, Adaptive management: The U.S. Department of the Interior technical guide (2009 Edition), v, 72 p.","productDescription":"v, 72 p.","numberOfPages":"84","costCenters":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":349675,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":349661,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.doi.gov/sites/doi.gov/files/migrated/ppa/upload/TechGuide.pdf"}],"country":"United States","edition":"2009 Edition","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5a610cd4e4b06e28e9c2573b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, B K","contributorId":140651,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williams","given":"B","email":"","middleInitial":"K","affiliations":[{"id":12801,"text":"The Wildlife Society","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":724378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Szaro, Robert C.","contributorId":21240,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Szaro","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":724379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shapiro, Carl D. 0000-0002-1598-6808 cshapiro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1598-6808","contributorId":3048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shapiro","given":"Carl","email":"cshapiro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":554,"text":"Science and Decisions Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":724380,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98013,"text":"sir20095245 - 2009 - Tritium concentrations in environmental samples and transpiration rates from the vicinity of Mary's Branch Creek and background areas, Barnwell, South Carolina, 2007-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T12:33:46","indexId":"sir20095245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T07:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5245","title":"Tritium concentrations in environmental samples and transpiration rates from the vicinity of Mary's Branch Creek and background areas, Barnwell, South Carolina, 2007-2009","docAbstract":"Tritium in groundwater from a low-level radioactive waste disposal facility near Barnwell, South Carolina, is discharging to Mary's Branch Creek. The U.S. Geological Survey conducted an investigation from 2007 to 2009 to examine the tritium concentration in trees and air samples near the creek and in background areas, in groundwater near the creek, and in surface water from the creek. Tritium was found in trees near the creek, but not in trees from background areas or from sites unlikely to be in direct root contact with tritium-contaminated groundwater. Tritium was found in groundwater near the creek and in the surface water of the creek. Analysis of tree material has the potential to be a useful tool in locating shallow tritium-contaminated groundwater. A tritium concentration of 1.4 million picocuries per liter was measured in shallow groundwater collected near a tulip poplar located in an area of tritium-contaminated groundwater discharge. Evapotranspiration rates from the tree and tritium concentrations in water extracted from tree cores indicate that during the summer, this tulip poplar may remove more than 17.1 million picocuries of tritium per day from the groundwater that otherwise would discharge to Mary's Branch Creek. Analysis of air samples near the tree showed no evidence that the transpirative release of tritium to the air created a vapor hazard in the forest.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095245","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the South Carolina Department of Health and Environmental Control","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Canova, J.L., Bradley, P.M., and Landmeyer, J., 2009, Tritium concentrations in environmental samples and transpiration rates from the vicinity of Mary's Branch Creek and background areas, Barnwell, South Carolina, 2007-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5245, iv, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095245.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","numberOfPages":"17","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13371,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125778,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5245.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Barnwell","otherGeospatial":"Mary's Branch Creek","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.401457,33.212415 ], [ -81.401457,33.266866 ], [ -81.333084,33.266866 ], [ -81.333084,33.212415 ], [ -81.401457,33.212415 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6c23","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Canova, Judy L.","contributorId":98005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Canova","given":"Judy","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98015,"text":"ds484 - 2009 - Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ds484","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"484","title":"Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000","docAbstract":"Streams of the Yellowstone River Basin in Montana and Wyoming were sampled as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Algal communities were sampled in 1999 in conjunction with other ecological sampling and in 2000 during synoptic sampling. Water-quality measurements related to the algal sampling included light attenuation and dissolved-oxygen concentrations. Sites were sampled on the main-stem Yellowstone River, major tributaries such as the Clarks Fork Yellowstone River and the Bighorn River, and selected minor tributaries. Some of the data collected, such as the phytoplankton chlorophyll-a data, were referenced or summarized in previous U.S. Geological Survey reports but were not previously published in tabular form, and therefore are presented in this report, prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality. Data presented in this report include chlorophyll-a concentrations in phytoplankton and periphyton samples, as well as light attenuation and dissolved-oxygen production data from 1999-2000.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds484","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Montana Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.A., 2009, Algal and Water-Quality Data for the Yellowstone River and Tributaries, Montana and Wyoming, 1999-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 484, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds484.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":684,"text":"Wyoming Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125398,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_484.jpg"},{"id":13191,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/484/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111.5,44 ], [ -111.5,48 ], [ -103.5,48 ], [ -103.5,44 ], [ -111.5,44 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db68817b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, David A. davep@usgs.gov","contributorId":1742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"David","email":"davep@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98014,"text":"sir20095228 - 2009 - Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-08-01T14:10:24","indexId":"sir20095228","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5228","title":"Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho","docAbstract":"Recovery efforts for the endangered Kootenai River population of white sturgeon require an understanding of the characteristics and transport of suspended and bedload sediment in the critical habitat reach of the river. In 2007 and 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho, conducted suspended- and bedload-sediment sampling in the federally designated critical habitat of the endangered Kootenai River white sturgeon population. Three sediment-sampling sites were selected that represent the hydraulic differences in the critical habitat. Suspended- and bedload-sediment samples along with acoustic Doppler current profiles were collected at these sites during specific river discharges. Samples were analyzed to determine suspended- and bedload-sediment characteristics and transport rates. Sediment transport data were analyzed to provide total loading estimates for suspended and bedload sediment in the critical habitat reach.\n\nTotal suspended-sediment discharge primarily occurred as fine material that moved through the system in suspension. Total suspended-sediment discharge ranged from about 300 metric tons per day to more than 23,000 metric tons per day. Total suspended sediment remained nearly equal throughout the critical habitat, with the exception of a few cases where mass wasting of the banks may have caused sporadic spikes in total suspended sediment. \n\nBedload-sediment discharge averaged 0-3 percent of the total loading. These bedload discharges ranged from 0 to 271 tons per day. The bedload discharge in the upper part of the critical habitat primarily consisted of fine to coarse gravel. A decrease in river competence in addition to an armored channel may be the cause of this limited bedload discharge. The bedload discharge in the middle part of the white sturgeon critical habitat varied greatly, depending on the extent of the backwater from Kootenay Lake. A large quantity of fine-to-coarse gravel is present in the braided reach, but the duration of transport for these gravels is limited by the encroaching backwater of Kootenay Lake. Bedload discharge in the lower part of the white sturgeon critical habitat primarily consisted of fine to coarse sand due to decreased velocities as a result of the backwater from Kootenay Lake.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095228","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kootenai Tribe of Idaho","usgsCitation":"Fosness, R.L., and Williams, M.L., 2009, Sediment Characteristics and Transport in the Kootenai River White Sturgeon Critical Habitat near Bonners Ferry, Idaho: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5228, Report: vi, 41 p. (with appendixes), https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095228.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 41 p. (with appendixes)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125693,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5228.jpg"},{"id":13190,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5228/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,47.75 ], [ -118,50 ], [ -114.5,50 ], [ -114.5,47.75 ], [ -118,47.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db545692","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fosness, Ryan L. 0000-0003-4089-2704 rfosness@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4089-2704","contributorId":2703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"Ryan","email":"rfosness@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Marshall L. mlwilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Marshall","email":"mlwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":343,"text":"Idaho Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70209541,"text":"70209541 - 2009 - Effects of roads, topography, and land use on forest cover dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-04-13T13:06:21.253089","indexId":"70209541","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-27T07:58:51","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of roads, topography, and land use on forest cover dynamics in the Brazilian Atlantic Forest","docAbstract":"<div id=\"abstracts\" class=\"Abstracts u-font-serif\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-id7\" class=\"abstract author\"><div id=\"aep-abstract-sec-id8\"><p>Roads and topography can determine patterns of land use and distribution of forest cover, particularly in tropical regions. We evaluated how road density, land use, and topography affected forest fragmentation, deforestation and forest regrowth in a Brazilian Atlantic Forest region near the city of São Paulo. We mapped roads and land use/land cover for three years (1962, 1981 and 2000) from historical aerial photographs, and summarized the distribution of roads, land use/land cover and topography within a grid of 94 non-overlapping 100&nbsp;ha squares. We used generalized least squares regression models for data analysis. Our models showed that forest fragmentation and deforestation depended on topography, land use and road density, whereas forest regrowth depended primarily on land use. However, the relationships between these variables and forest dynamics changed in the two studied periods; land use and slope were the strongest predictors from 1962 to 1981, and past (1962) road density and land use were the strongest predictors for the following period (1981–2000). Roads had the strongest relationship with deforestation and forest fragmentation when the expansions of agriculture and buildings were limited to already deforested areas, and when there was a rapid expansion of development, under influence of São Paulo city. Furthermore, the past (1962) road network was more important than the recent road network (1981) when explaining forest dynamics between 1981 and 2000, suggesting a long-term effect of roads. Roads are permanent scars on the landscape and facilitate deforestation and forest fragmentation due to increased accessibility and land valorization, which control land-use and land-cover dynamics. Topography directly affected deforestation, agriculture and road expansion, mainly between 1962 and 1981. 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,{"id":70201047,"text":"70201047 - 2009 - Mapping irrigated lands across the United States using MODIS satellite imagery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-04-09T13:38:07.612917","indexId":"70201047","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-26T15:21:54","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"6","title":"Mapping irrigated lands across the United States using MODIS satellite imagery","docAbstract":"<p><span>This book opens a new pathway for global mapping that is focused on a specific land use theme, such as irrigated or rain-fed croplands and classes within these themes. Since croplands use most of the water consumed by humans, specific knowledge of irrigated and rain-fed croplands will be critical for precise estimates of water use. At present and in the coming decades, irrigated and rain-fed cropland area mapping is crucial for food security studies. Throughout this book, various subjects pertaining to global croplands are discussed comprehensively.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote sensing of global croplands for food security","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"CRC Press","publisherLocation":"Boca Raton, FL","doi":"10.1201/9781420090109","usgsCitation":"Brown, J., Maxwell, S., and Pervez, M., 2009, Mapping irrigated lands across the United States using MODIS satellite imagery, chap. 6 <i>of</i> Remote sensing of global croplands for food security, p. 177-198, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781420090109.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"177","endPage":"198","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":359682,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5bfd1473e4b0815414ca390e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Thenkabail, Prasad S. 0000-0002-2182-8822 pthenkabail@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2182-8822","contributorId":570,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thenkabail","given":"Prasad","email":"pthenkabail@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":752037,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biradar, Chandrashekhar M.","contributorId":16300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biradar","given":"Chandrashekhar","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752038,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Turral, Hugh","contributorId":56537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Turral","given":"Hugh","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752039,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lyon, John G.","contributorId":38044,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyon","given":"John G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752040,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Brown, J.F. 0000-0002-9976-1998","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9976-1998","contributorId":31006,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"J.F.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Maxwell, S.K.","contributorId":36665,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maxwell","given":"S.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":752035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pervez, Md Shahriar 0000-0003-3417-1871 spervez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3417-1871","contributorId":3099,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pervez","given":"Md Shahriar","email":"spervez@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":752036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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,{"id":98009,"text":"sir20095150 - 2009 - DayCent-Chem simulations of ecological and biogeochemical processes of eight mountain ecosystems in the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-12-14T21:11:38.411538","indexId":"sir20095150","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5150","title":"DayCent-Chem simulations of ecological and biogeochemical processes of eight mountain ecosystems in the United States","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen (N) and sulfur (S) cause complex responses in ecosystems, from fertilization to forest ecosystem decline, freshwater eutrophication to acidification, loss of soil base cations, and alterations of disturbance regimes. DayCent-Chem, an ecosystem simulation model that combines ecosystem nutrient cycling and plant dynamics with aqueous geochemical equilibrium calculations, was developed to address ecosystem responses to combined atmospheric N and S deposition. It is unique among geochemically-based models in its dynamic biological cycling of N and its daily timestep for investigating ecosystem and surface water chemical response to episodic events.</p><p>The model was applied to eight mountainous watersheds in the United States. The sites represent a gradient of N deposition across locales, from relatively pristine to N-saturated, and a variety of ecosystem types and climates. Overall, the model performed best in predicting stream chemistry for snowmelt-dominated sites. It was more difficult to predict daily stream chemistry for watersheds with deep soils, high amounts of atmospheric deposition, and a large degree of spatial heterogeneity. DayCent-Chem did well in representing plant and soil carbon and nitrogen pools and fluxes. Modeled stream nitrate (NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup>) and ammonium (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) concentrations compared well with measurements at all sites, with few exceptions. Simulated daily stream sulfate (SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup>) concentrations compared well to measured values for sites where SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>deposition has been low and where SO<sub>4</sub><sup>2-</sup><span>&nbsp;</span>adsorption/desorption reactions did not seem to be important. The concentrations of base cations and silica in streams are highly dependent on the geochemistry and weathering rates of minerals in each catchment, yet these were rarely, if ever, known. Thus, DayCent-Chem could not accurately predict weathering products for some catchments. Additionally, few data were available for exchangeable soil cations or the magnitude of base cation deposition as a result of dry and fog inputs. The uncertainties related to weathering reactions, deposition, soil cation exchange capacity, and groundwater contributions influenced how well the simulated acid neutralizing capacity (ANC) and pH estimates compared to observed values. Daily discharge was well represented by the model for most sites.</p><p>The chapters of this report describe the parameterization for each site and summarize model results for ecosystem variables, stream discharge, and stream chemistry. This intersite comparison exercise provided insight about important and possibly not well understood processes.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095150","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Natural Resource Ecology Laboratory, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado","usgsCitation":"Hartman, M.D., Baron, J., Clow, D.W., Creed, I., Driscoll, C.T., Ewing, H., Haines, B.D., Knoepp, J., Lajtha, K., Ojima, D., Parton, W.J., Renfro, J., Robinson, R.B., Van Miegroet, H., Weathers, K.C., and Williams, M.W., 2009, DayCent-Chem simulations of ecological and biogeochemical processes of eight mountain ecosystems in the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5150, xiv, 174 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095150.","productDescription":"xiv, 174 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science 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,{"id":98012,"text":"ofr20091063 - 2009 - Flood of June 26-29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20091063","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1063","title":"Flood of June 26-29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York","docAbstract":"A stalled frontal system caused tropical moisture to be funneled northward into New York, causing severe flooding in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins during June 26-29, 2006. Rainfall totals for this multi-day event ranged from 2 to 3 inches to greater than 13 inches in southern New York. The storm and flooding claimed four lives in New York, destroyed or damaged thousands of homes and businesses, and closed hundreds of roads and highways. Thousands of people evacuated their homes as floodwaters reached new record elevations at many locations within the three basins. Twelve New York counties were declared Federal disaster areas, more than 15,500 residents applied for disaster assistance, and millions of dollars in damages resulted from the flooding. Disaster-recovery assistance for individuals and businesses adversely affected by the floods of June 2006 reached more than $227 million.\r\n\r\nThe National Weather Service rainfall station at Slide Mountain recorded storm totals of more than 8 inches of rainfall, and the stations at Walton and Fishs Eddy, NY, recorded storm totals of greater than 13 inches of rainfall. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) stream-gaging stations at Mohawk River at Little Falls, West Branch Delaware River at Hale Eddy, and Susquehanna River at Vestal, NY, among others, recorded peak discharges of 35,000 ft3/s, 43,400 ft3/s, and 119,000 ft3/s respectively, with greater than 100-year recurrence intervals. The peak water-surface elevation 21.47 ft and the peak discharge 189,000 ft3/s recorded on June 28, 2006, at the Delaware River at Port Jervis stream-gaging station were the highest recorded since the flood of August 1955. At the Susquehanna River at Conklin, NY, stream-gaging station, which has been in operation since 1912, the peak water-surface elevation 25.02 ft and peak discharge 76,800 ft3/s recorded on June 28, 2006, exceeded the previous period-of-record maximums that were set during the flood of March 1936. Documented peak water-surface elevations during the June 2006 flood at many study sites in the Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River basins exceeded the 100-year flood-profile elevations determined in the flood-insurance studies prepared by the Federal Emergency Management Agency.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091063","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Suro, T.P., Firda, G.D., and Szabo, C.O., 2009, Flood of June 26-29, 2006, Mohawk, Delaware, and Susquehanna River Basins, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1063, Report: viii, 354 p. (with appendixes), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091063.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 354 p. (with appendixes)","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-06-26","temporalEnd":"2006-06-29","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125458,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1063.jpg"},{"id":13189,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1063/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -77,41 ], [ -77,44 ], [ -73,44 ], [ -73,41 ], [ -77,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e6e4b07f02db5e7496","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Suro, Thomas P. 0000-0002-9476-6829 tsuro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9476-6829","contributorId":2841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Suro","given":"Thomas","email":"tsuro@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Firda, Gary D. gfirda@usgs.gov","contributorId":1552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Firda","given":"Gary","email":"gfirda@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Szabo, Carolyn O. cszabo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Szabo","given":"Carolyn","email":"cszabo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98011,"text":"fs20093088 - 2009 - Use of StreamStats in the Upper French Broad River Basin, North Carolina: A Pilot Water-Resources Web Application","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-07T10:23:41","indexId":"fs20093088","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3088","title":"Use of StreamStats in the Upper French Broad River Basin, North Carolina: A Pilot Water-Resources Web Application","docAbstract":"StreamStats is a Web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) application that was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with Environmental Systems Research Institute, Inc. (ESRI) to provide access to an assortment of analytical tools that are useful for water-resources planning and management. StreamStats allows users to easily obtain streamflow statistics, basin characteristics, and descriptive information for USGS data-collection sites and selected ungaged sites. StreamStats also allows users to identify stream reaches upstream and downstream from user-selected sites and obtain information for locations along streams where activities occur that can affect streamflow conditions. This functionality can be accessed through a map-based interface with the user's Web browser or through individual functions requested remotely through other Web applications.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093088","usgsCitation":"Wagner, C., Tighe, K., and Terziotti, S., 2009, Use of StreamStats in the Upper French Broad River Basin, North Carolina: A Pilot Water-Resources Web Application: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3088, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093088.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125420,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3088.jpg"},{"id":13188,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3088/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"North 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db605096","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wagner, Chad R. 0000-0002-9602-7413 cwagner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9602-7413","contributorId":1530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wagner","given":"Chad R.","email":"cwagner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":38131,"text":"WMA - Office of Planning and Programming","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten C.","contributorId":99930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Terziotti, Silvia 0000-0003-3559-5844 seterzio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3559-5844","contributorId":1613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terziotti","given":"Silvia","email":"seterzio@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98010,"text":"sim3071 - 2009 - Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, September 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:50","indexId":"sim3071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3071","title":"Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, September 2008","docAbstract":"The Floridan aquifer system consists of the Upper and Lower Floridan aquifers separated by the middle confining unit. The middle confining unit and the Lower Floridan aquifer in west-central Florida generally contain highly mineralized water. The water-bearing units containing fresh water are herein referred to as the Upper Floridan aquifer. The Upper Floridan aquifer is the principal source of water in the Southwest Florida Water Management District and is used for major public supply, domestic use, irrigation, and brackish water desalination in coastal communities (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2000).\r\n\r\nThis map report shows the potentiometric surface of the Upper Floridan aquifer measured in September 2008. The potentiometric surface is an imaginary surface connecting points of equal altitude to which water will rise in tightly-cased wells that tap a confined aquifer system (Lohman, 1979). This map represents water-level conditions near the end of the wet season, when ground-water levels usually are at an annual high and withdrawals for agricultural use typically are low. The cumulative average rainfall of 50.63 inches for west-central Florida (from October 2007 through September 2008) was 2.26 inches below the historical cumulative average of 52.89 inches (Southwest Florida Water Management District, 2008). Historical cumulative averages are calculated from regional rainfall summary reports (1915 to most recent complete calendar year) and are updated monthly by the Southwest Florida Water Management District.\r\n\r\nThis report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District, is part of a semi-annual series of Upper Floridan aquifer potentiometric-surface map reports for west-central Florida. Potentiometric-surface maps have been prepared for January 1964, May 1969, May 1971, May 1973, May 1974, and for each May and September since 1975. Water-level data are collected in May and September each year to show the approximate annual low and high water-level conditions, respectively. Most of the water-level data for this map were collected by the U.S. Geological Survey during the period September 15-19, 2008. Supplemental water-level data were collected by other agencies and companies. A corresponding potentiometric-surface map was prepared for areas east and north of the Southwest Florida Water Management District boundary by the U.S. Geological Survey office in Orlando, Florida (Kinnaman and Dixon, 2009). Most water-level measurements were made during a 5-day period; therefore, measurements do not represent a 'snapshot' of conditions at a specific time, nor do they necessarily coincide with the seasonal high water-level condition.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3071","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Southwest Florida Water Management District","usgsCitation":"Ortiz, A.G., 2009, Potentiometric Surface of the Upper Floridan Aquifer, West-Central Florida, September 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3071, Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3071.","productDescription":"Map Sheet: 34 x 34 inches","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2008-09-15","temporalEnd":"2008-09-19","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125535,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3071.jpg"},{"id":13186,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"500000","projection":"State Plane Florida East","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.5,26.25 ], [ -84.5,29.75 ], [ -80.75,29.75 ], [ -80.75,26.25 ], [ -84.5,26.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae4a0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ortiz, Anita G. agourlay@usgs.gov","contributorId":1855,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ortiz","given":"Anita","email":"agourlay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98008,"text":"sir20085231 - 2009 - Simulations of Groundwater Flow and Particle Tracking Analysis in the Area Contributing Recharge to a Public-Supply Well near Tampa, Florida, 2002-05","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20085231","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-24T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5231","title":"Simulations of Groundwater Flow and Particle Tracking Analysis in the Area Contributing Recharge to a Public-Supply Well near Tampa, Florida, 2002-05","docAbstract":"Shallow ground water in the north-central Tampa Bay region, Florida, is affected by elevated nitrate concentrations, the presence of volatile organic compounds, and pesticides as a result of groundwater development and intensive urban land use. The region relies primarily on groundwater for drinking-water supplies. Sustainability of groundwater quality for public supply requires monitoring and understanding of the mechanisms controlling the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination. A single public-supply well was selected for intensive study based on the need to evaluate the dominant processes affecting the vulnerability of public-supply wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer in the City of Temple Terrace near Tampa, Florida, and the presence of a variety of chemical constituents in water from the well. A network of 29 monitoring wells was installed, and water and sediment samples were collected within the area contributing recharge to the selected public-supply well to support a detailed analysis of physical and chemical conditions and processes affecting the water chemistry in the well. A three-dimensional, steady-state groundwater flow model was developed to evaluate the age of groundwater reaching the well and to test hypotheses on the vulnerability of the well to nonpoint source input of nitrate.\r\n\r\nParticle tracking data were used to calculate environmental tracer concentrations of tritium and sulfur hexafluoride and to calibrate traveltimes and compute flow paths and advective travel times in the model area. The traveltime of particles reaching the selected public-supply well ranged from less than 1 day to 127.0 years, with a median of 13.1 years; nearly 45 percent of the simulated particle ages were less than about 10 years. Nitrate concentrations, derived primarily from residential/commercial fertilizer use and atmospheric deposition, were highest (2.4 and 6.11 milligrams per liter as nitrogen, median and maximum, respectively) in shallow groundwater from the surficial aquifer system and lowest (less than the detection level of 0.06 milligram per liter) in the deeper Upper Floridan aquifer. Denitrification occurred near the interface of the surficial aquifer system and the underlying intermediate confining unit, within the intermediate confining unit, and within the Upper Floridan aquifer because of reducing conditions in this part of the flow system. However, simulations indicate that the rapid movement of water from the surficial aquifer system to the selected public-supply well through karst features (sinkholes) and conduit layers that bypass the denitrifying zones (short-circuits), coupled with high pumping rates, allow nitrate to reach the selected public-supply well in concentrations that resemble those of the overlying surficial aquifer system. Water from the surficial aquifer system with elevated concentrations of nitrate and low concentrations of some volatile organic compounds and pesticides is expected to continue moving into the selected public-supply well, because calculated flux-weighted concentrations indicate the proportion of young affected water contributing to the well is likely to remain relatively stable over time. The calculated nitrate concentration in the selected public-supply well indicates a lag of 1 to 10 years between peak concentrations of nonpoint source contaminants in recharge and appearance in the well.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085231","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Water-Quality Assessment Program Transport of Anthropogenic and Natural Contaminants (TANC) to Public-Supply Wells","usgsCitation":"Crandall, C.A., Kauffman, L.J., Katz, B.G., Metz, P.A., McBride, W., and Berndt, M., 2009, Simulations of Groundwater Flow and Particle Tracking Analysis in the Area Contributing Recharge to a Public-Supply Well near Tampa, Florida, 2002-05: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5231, viii, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085231.","productDescription":"viii, 53 p.","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125584,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5231.jpg"},{"id":13185,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5231/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -90,24 ], [ -90,34 ], [ -79,34 ], [ -79,24 ], [ -90,24 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d9e4b07f02db549717","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303860,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauffman, Leon J. 0000-0003-4564-0362 lkauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4564-0362","contributorId":1094,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Leon","email":"lkauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303862,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303861,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Metz, Patricia A. pmetz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"Patricia","email":"pmetz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":270,"text":"FLWSC-Tampa","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303863,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McBride, W. Scott","contributorId":15293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McBride","given":"W. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98007,"text":"sir20095229 - 2009 - Ecological assessment of wadeable streams on O`ahu, Hawai'i, 2006-2007: A pilot study","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-01-11T21:23:14.764228","indexId":"sir20095229","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-21T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5229","title":"Ecological assessment of wadeable streams on O`ahu, Hawai'i, 2006-2007: A pilot study","docAbstract":"<p>In 2006–07, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Pacific Islands Water Science Center (PIWSC), in cooperation with the Hawai‘i Department of Health (HDOH), conducted a pilot study as a participant in the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency’s (USEPA) Wadeable Streams Assessment (WSA) program. Forty randomly selected sites on perennial streams on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i, were surveyed for habitat characteristics, water chemistry, and benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages. Of the original sampling frame of approximately 505.2 miles of perennial stream, roughly 96.7±30.7 miles were found to be nonperennial or estuarine and another 200.5±64.7 miles were judged to be inaccessible. The scope of this report presents an assessment of the remaining 208±57.6 miles of accessible, wadeable, perennial stream length on O‘ahu.</p><p>Benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were used to determine the ecological condition at each site. Components of the benthic macroinvertebrate assemblages were assessed using the multimetric Preliminary–Hawaiian Benthic Index of Biotic Integrity (P–HBIBI) developed by Wolff (2005). Based on the P–HBIBI scores, an estimated 5.8±5.8 percent of the island’s total stream length is in most disturbed condition, 56±13.5 percent is in intermediately disturbed condition, and 38.2±13.2 percent is in least disturbed condition. Windward O‘ahu had the highest percentage of stream length in least disturbed biological condition at 56.7±20.8 percent. Using the relative abundance of insects, one of the core metrics that make up the P–HBIBI, 43.4±14.2 percent of the islandwide stream length was classified in the most disturbed condition—52±31.2 percent of the Honolulu region stream length and 51.4±23.3 percent of the windward O‘ahu stream length.</p><p>An analysis of total nitrogen (N) estimated approximately 41.1±13.7 percent of the stream length on O‘ahu was in most disturbed condition. Regionally, the Honolulu region had the largest proportion, 61.3±28.6 percent, of most disturbed stream length in terms of total N. An analysis of total phosphorus (P) classified approximately 43.2±14 percent of the stream length on O‘ahu as most disturbed. Regionally, windward O‘ahu had the largest proportion, 78.4±19.5 percent, of stream length classified as most disturbed. An analysis of embeddedness classified 30.3±14.7 percent of O‘ahu’s stream length as most. Regionally, windward O‘ahu had the largest proportion, 43.3±17.1 percent, of stream length classified as most disturbed as compared to the reference condition. An analysis of riparian disturbance, an index of the in-channel, riparian, and near-stream human activities, classified 43±13 percent of stream length on O‘ahu as most disturbed. The Honolulu region had the largest proportion of stream length, 86.3±13.7 percent, classified as most disturbed.</p><p>The information in this report is the first attempt in Hawai‘i to assess the islandwide ecological condition of wadeable, perennial streams on O‘ahu using the USEPA WSA probabilistic design. This study has demonstrated that such an assessment is practical and that it can provide information that may help the USEPA and HDOH in determining the status of aquatic ecosystems on O‘ahu, Hawai‘i. This study provides a baseline assessment of the current islandwide ecological condition and identifies potential environmental stressors. It can be used, with future WSA studies in Hawai‘i, to measure the changes in those conditions and the effectiveness of management efforts to protect, restore, and maintain Hawai‘i’s aquatic environment.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095229","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Hawai'i Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Wolff, R.H., and Koch, L.A., 2009, Ecological assessment of wadeable streams on O`ahu, Hawai'i, 2006-2007: A pilot study: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5229, x, 84 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095229.","productDescription":"x, 84 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":525,"text":"Pacific Islands Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":424351,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87727.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13184,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5229/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125694,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5229.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"O'ahu","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -157.68927329110983,\n              21.25439046205311\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.63491774146385,\n              21.311792022857304\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.72369849613696,\n              21.48133294251157\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.97826372127082,\n              21.724754811949836\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.10781114900809,\n              21.632993298377045\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.30711488398842,\n              21.585827077687412\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.2473237634943,\n              21.474588805068223\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.14042448745943,\n              21.343015799889898\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.0978459622591,\n              21.26874296206897\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.95561556956855,\n              21.289002913688122\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.8106673986738,\n              21.24003659022634\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.68927329110983,\n              21.25439046205311\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ee4b07f02db627d61","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wolff, Reuben H.","contributorId":35020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolff","given":"Reuben","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koch, Linda A.","contributorId":68848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koch","given":"Linda","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303859,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70222198,"text":"70222198 - 2009 - The track of the Yellowstone Hotspot: Multi-disciplinary perspectives on the origin of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic province","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-07-21T16:22:17.766176","indexId":"70222198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-20T11:15:16","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The track of the Yellowstone Hotspot: Multi-disciplinary perspectives on the origin of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic province","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.012","usgsCitation":"Morgan, L.A., Cathey, H., and Pierce, K.L., 2009, The track of the Yellowstone Hotspot: Multi-disciplinary perspectives on the origin of the Yellowstone-Snake River Plain volcanic province: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 188, no. 1-3, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2009.11.012.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387327,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"188","issue":"1-3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morgan, Lisa A","contributorId":240835,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morgan","given":"Lisa","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":819633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cathey, H.","contributorId":217746,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cathey","given":"H.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6607,"text":"Arizona State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":819634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pierce, Kenneth L. 0000-0002-2233-4015 kpierce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2233-4015","contributorId":223875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pierce","given":"Kenneth","email":"kpierce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":819635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98003,"text":"fs20093097 - 2009 - Greater Platte River Basins - Science to sustain ecosystems and communities","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T15:31:32","indexId":"fs20093097","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3097","title":"Greater Platte River Basins - Science to sustain ecosystems and communities","docAbstract":"The Greater Platte River Basins (GPRB), located in the heartland of the United States, provides a collaborative opportunity for the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and its partners to understand the sustainability of natural and managed ecosystems under changing climate and resource requirements.The Greater Platte River Basins, an area of about 140,000 square miles, sustains thousands of acres of lakes and wetlands, which provide a staging and resting area for the North American Central Flyway. Part of the GPRB is within the U.S. Corn Belt, one of the most productive agricultural ecosystems on Earth. Changes in water and land use, changing patterns of snowmelt in the Rocky Mountains, drought, and increasing demands for irrigation have reduced flows in the Platte River. These changes raise questions about the sustainability of the region for both wildlife and agriculture.The USGS and partners are developing a science strategy that will help natural-resource managers address and balance the needs of this region.\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093097","usgsCitation":"Thormodsgard, J.M., 2009, Greater Platte River Basins - Science to sustain ecosystems and communities: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3097, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093097.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125426,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3097.jpg"},{"id":338416,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3097/pdf/fs2009-3097.pdf"},{"id":13180,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3097/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -111,37 ], [ -111,45 ], [ -94,45 ], [ -94,37 ], [ -111,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab3e4b07f02db66fdc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thormodsgard, June M. thor@usgs.gov","contributorId":3035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thormodsgard","given":"June","email":"thor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98005,"text":"fs20093104 - 2009 - Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-15T11:03:29","indexId":"fs20093104","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3104","title":"Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas","docAbstract":"<p>The Rio Grande Civil Works and Restoration Projects Web Application, developed by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Albuquerque District, is designed to provide publicly available information through the Internet about civil works and restoration projects in the Rio Grande Basin. Since 1942, USACE Albuquerque District responsibilities have included building facilities for the U.S. Army and U.S. Air Force, providing flood protection, supplying water for power and public recreation, participating in fire remediation, protecting and restoring wetlands and other natural resources, and supporting other government agencies with engineering, contracting, and project management services. In the process of conducting this vast array of engineering work, the need arose for easily tracking the locations of and providing information about projects to stakeholders and the public. This fact sheet introduces a Web application developed to enable users to visualize locations and search for information about USACE (and some other Federal, State, and local) projects in the Rio Grande Basin in southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093104","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE) Albuquerque District","usgsCitation":"Archuleta, C., and Eames, D.R., 2009, Web application to access U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Civil Works and Restoration Projects information for the Rio Grande Basin, southern Colorado, New Mexico, and Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3104, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093104.","productDescription":"2 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125429,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3104.jpg"},{"id":13182,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3104/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dfe4b07f02db5e3b46","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Archuleta, Christy-Ann M. 0000-0002-4522-8573","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4522-8573","contributorId":9736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archuleta","given":"Christy-Ann M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eames, Deanna R.","contributorId":49867,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eames","given":"Deanna","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98004,"text":"ofr20091138 - 2009 - Application of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Missouri Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20091138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1138","title":"Application of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Missouri Streams","docAbstract":"Natural flow regime concepts and theories have established the justification for maintaining or restoring the range of natural hydrologic variability so that physiochemical processes, native biodiversity, and the evolutionary potential of aquatic and riparian assemblages can be sustained. A synthesis of recent research advances in hydroecology, coupled with stream classification using hydroecologically relevant indices, has produced the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process (HIP). HIP consists of (1) a regional classification of streams into hydrologic stream types based on flow data from long-term gaging-station records for relatively unmodified streams, (2) an identification of stream-type specific indices that address 11 subcomponents of the flow regime, (3) an ability to establish environmental flow standards, (4) an evaluation of hydrologic alteration, and (5) a capacity to conduct alternative analyses. The process starts with the identification of a hydrologic baseline (reference condition) for selected locations, uses flow data from a stream-gage network, and proceeds to classify streams into hydrologic stream types. Concurrently, the analysis identifies a set of non-redundant and ecologically relevant hydrologic indices for 11 subcomponents of flow for each stream type. Furthermore, regional hydrologic models for synthesizing flow conditions across a region and the development of flow-ecology response relations for each stream type can be added to further enhance the process. The application of HIP to Missouri streams identified five stream types ((1) intermittent, (2) perennial runoff-flashy, (3) perennial runoff-moderate baseflow, (4) perennial groundwater-stable, and (5) perennial groundwater-super stable). Two Missouri-specific computer software programs were developed: (1) a Missouri Hydrologic Assessment Tool (MOHAT) which is used to establish a hydrologic baseline, provide options for setting environmental flow standards, and compare past and proposed hydrologic alterations; and (2) a Missouri Stream Classification Tool (MOSCT) designed for placing previously unclassified streams into one of the five pre-defined stream types.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Missouri Department of Conservation and the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Kennen, J., Henriksen, J.A., Heasley, J., Cade, B.S., and Terrell, J.W., 2009, Application of the Hydroecological Integrity Assessment Process for Missouri Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1138, vi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091138.","productDescription":"vi, 57 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1138.jpg"},{"id":13181,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -96,35 ], [ -96,42 ], [ -88,42 ], [ -88,35 ], [ -96,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac6e4b07f02db67a7a3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kennen, Jonathan G. 0000-0002-5426-4445 jgkennen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5426-4445","contributorId":574,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kennen","given":"Jonathan G.","email":"jgkennen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henriksen, James A.","contributorId":89985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henriksen","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heasley, John","contributorId":57004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heasley","given":"John","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cade, Brian S. 0000-0001-9623-9849 cadeb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9623-9849","contributorId":1278,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cade","given":"Brian","email":"cadeb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303850,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Terrell, James W. 0000-0001-5394-5663","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5394-5663","contributorId":92726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Terrell","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98006,"text":"cir1341 - 2009 - History of the topographic branch (division)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-21T16:18:42","indexId":"cir1341","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1341","title":"History of the topographic branch (division)","docAbstract":"From a very early period of the world's existence, man has endeavored to represent the earth's surface in a graphic form for the information of his fellow men, realizing that no oral or written description is capable of setting forth topographic facts so vividly and so clearly as a map.\n\nMapping of the areas of the United States began with the charting of portions of its coast line by early explorers; the need for topographic maps was first recognized during the war of the Colonies for independence from Great Britain. On July 22, 1777, Congress authorized General Washington to appoint:\n\n'Mr. Robert Erskine, or any other person that he may think proper, geographer and surveyor of the roads, to take sketches of the country and the seat of war.'\n\nBy several acts during the Revolutionary War, Congress provided 'geographers' for the armies of the United States, some of them with the pay of a colonel, amounting to $60 a month and allowances. At the end of the War, a resolution of May 27, 1785, continued in service the 'geographer of the United States' for a period of 3 years. The War Department recognized the necessity of 'geographical engineers' and requested Congress to authorize their appointment, but it was not until the next war that Congress authorized on March 3, 1813, the appointment of eight topographic engineers and eight assistant topographic engineers under the direction of the General Staff of the Army. These officers formed the nucleus of the first Corps of Topographic Engineers in the Army, and that Corps continued to function as an independent unit until it was absorbed by the Corps of Engineers in 1863, during the Civil War between the States.\n\nBetween the Louisiana Purchase in 1803, and the outbreak of the Civil War, more than a hundred exploring and mapping expeditions were sent into the vast territory lying west of the Mississippi River to investigate the natural resources of this newly acquired country and to find possible locations for wagon roads to the Pacific Coast. These expeditions were sent out by the War Department and were in charge of Army officers. It is interesting to note that such generals as George G. Meade, J.C. Fremont, Joseph E. Johnston, W.F. Smith, John Pope, A.W. Whipple, J.G. Parke, G.K. Warren, and H.L. Abbott, all officers of the Corps of Topographic Engineers, had charge of expeditions and were among our earliest map makers. Unfortunately, the data obtained by these editions were not of sufficient accuracy to serve as a basis for topographic maps of value other than in illustrating their voluminous reports.\n\nDuring this early period, numerous surveys were undertaken within the original Thirteen States, by the Federal government and by the States. The most important were those carried on by the U.S. Coast and Geodetic Survey, which made an accurate survey of the Atlantic Coastline and established a triangulation system that was of so high a standard as to constitute the first and only accurate data for topographic mapping obtained before the Civil War. The Coast and Geodetic Survey, while charting the coast and rivers, also mapped a strip of country extending a few miles inland, the relief being shown by means of hachures, together with contour lines, until 1846 when the first government topographic map on which the relief was shown by contours alone was made, covering an area in the vicinity of Boston Harbor. In 1835, however, the Geological and Topographical Survey of Maryland had issued a map on which the relief was shown by contours, and this is believed to be the first contoured map issued in this country.\n\nThe outbreak of the Civil War stopped all mapping activities other than those needed by the U.S. Army. During the war, topographic surveys were carried on throughout the war zone under the supervision of the Corps of Engineers, the topographers being civilian employees. After the war, the country west of the Mississippi again became the center of the mapping activities","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir1341","isbn":"9781411326125","usgsCitation":"Evans, R.T., and Frye, H.M., 2009, History of the topographic branch (division): U.S. Geological Survey Circular 1341, xvi, 196 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir1341.","productDescription":"xvi, 196 p.","numberOfPages":"224","costCenters":[{"id":424,"text":"National Geospatial Program Geography Discipline","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125378,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/cir_1341.jpg"},{"id":13183,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1341/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":290625,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1341/pdf/circ_1341.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62bfbf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Richard T.","contributorId":96381,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Frye, Helen M.","contributorId":39088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frye","given":"Helen","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70175005,"text":"70175005 - 2009 - Assessment of fire behavior and management options in subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-05T13:28:25","indexId":"70175005","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-18T10:30:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"seriesTitle":{"id":414,"text":"Technical Report","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":9}},"title":"Assessment of fire behavior and management options in subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i","docAbstract":"<p>Fire is a major threat to habitat for the endangered Palila (Loxioides bailleui) within subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea volcano, Hawai&lsquo;i. The presence of large amounts of fine fuel from grasses, dry climate, and human ignition sources produces a significant risk of wildfire in this area year-round. The purpose of this report is to provide information on fuels and potential fire behavior that will contribute to fire management of Palila habitat. Recommended actions will contribute to the conservation of these native forests and facilitate restoration in degraded areas. </p>\n<p>To assess the effects of grass invasion on fuel conditions and potential fire danger, we quantified vegetation and fuels across an elevation gradient from grasslands into sub-alpine forests on the west slope of Mauna Kea. Our results indicated that grass cover was reduced under tree canopy in plots below ~2,500 m elevation, but at higher elevations grass cover was higher under trees than in the open. However, tree canopy cover below 2,500 m elevation was not high enough overall (~25% on average) to result in significant reductions in fine fuels at the landscape level. Sampling directly under and away from tree crowns at multiple elevations suggested that below ~2,500 m, the presence of tree canopy cover can reduce grass fuels significantly. Furthermore, moisture content of live surface fuels was increased under tree canopy compared with open areas. These results suggest that restoration of forest cover may have the potential to alter grass fuels in ways that decrease the threat of fire in some subalpine forests. Fire behavior estimates based on fuel data from grasslands, mixed forest and māmane forest indicated the need for fuelbreaks of at least 20-30 m to limit fire spread in most areas. In many cases, breaks as wide as 40 m are required to limit fire spread risk under extreme weather conditions.</p>\n<p>Based on our fuels data and fire behavior predictions, recommended actions include: (1) construction of new or expansion of existing fuelbreaks to immediately reduce fire risk to the most sensitive areas adjacent to the core Palila population on the southwest slope and the translocated Palila population on the north slope of Mauna Kea, (2) enhancement of forest restoration activities to increase fuel moisture and reduce grass fuel loads (3) installation of water sources (diptanks) in both areas to decrease firefighter response time, and (4) increased public education and awareness with regard to fire danger on Mauna Kea.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"University of Hawaii at Hilo","publisherLocation":"Hilo, HI","usgsCitation":"Thaxton, J.M., and Jacobi, J.D., 2009, Assessment of fire behavior and management options in subalpine vegetation on Mauna Kea, Hawai'i: Technical Report, viii, 49 p.","productDescription":"viii, 49 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012772","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":325655,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":325654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hilo.hawaii.edu/hcsu/publications.php"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Mauna Kea","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.38650512695312,\n              19.903636146415863\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.44143676757812,\n              19.913965885756145\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.47714233398438,\n              19.91783936409827\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.50872802734375,\n              19.9100923125452\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58837890625,\n              19.845518806331246\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.61721801757812,\n              19.85326901590216\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.643310546875,\n              19.837768218373313\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.643310546875,\n              19.797717490704738\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.58975219726562,\n              19.770580624242616\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.533447265625,\n              19.73956140498458\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.51010131835938,\n              19.727927643457424\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.46340942382812,\n              19.711121825769855\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.41397094726562,\n              19.724049534671522\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.379638671875,\n              19.76282638490852\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35766601562497,\n              19.796425363822532\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35491943359375,\n              19.830017252151734\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.35629272460938,\n              19.872642883577086\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.38650512695312,\n              19.903636146415863\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"579889b2e4b0589fa1c6ba22","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thaxton, Jarrod M.","contributorId":173184,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thaxton","given":"Jarrod","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":643579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacobi, James D. 0000-0003-2313-7862 jjacobi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2313-7862","contributorId":3705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobi","given":"James","email":"jjacobi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":5049,"text":"Pacific Islands Ecosys Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":643580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97999,"text":"ofr20091244 - 2009 - Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:44:12","indexId":"ofr20091244","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1244","title":"Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey has been working cooperatively with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission to monitor groundwater quality and availability since 1977. This report presents an overview of groundwater conditions and studies in the Albany area of Dougherty County, Georgia, during 2008. Historical data also are presented for comparison with 2008 data. Ongoing monitoring activities include continuous water-level recording in 24 wells and periodic water-level measurements in 5 wells. During 2008, water levels in 10 of the continuous-recording wells were below normal, corresponding to lower than average rainfall. Groundwater samples collected from 25 wells in the Upper Floridan aquifer indicate that nitrate levels during 2008 were similar to values from 2007, with a maximum of 12.5 milligrams per liter at one well.\r\n\r\nWater samples collected from the Flint River and wells at the Albany well field were analyzed and plotted on a trilinear diagram to show the percent composition of selected major cations and anions. Groundwater constituents (major cations and anions) of the Upper Floridan aquifer at the Albany well field remain distinctly different from those in the water of the Flint River.\r\n\r\nTo improve the understanding of the groundwater-flow system and nitrate movement in the Upper Floridan aquifer, the U.S. Geological Survey is developing a groundwater-flow model in the Albany area of southwestern Georgia. The model is being calibrated to simulate periods of dry (October 1999) hydrologic conditions. Preliminary results of particle tracking indicate that water flows to the well field from the northwest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091244","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Albany Water, Gas, and Light Commission","usgsCitation":"Gordon, D.W., 2009, Groundwater Conditions and Studies in the Albany Area of Dougherty County, Georgia, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1244, vi, 54 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091244.","productDescription":"vi, 54 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125517,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1244.jpg"},{"id":13176,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1244/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","county":"Dougherty County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -84.41666666666667,31.416666666666668 ], [ -84.41666666666667,31.666666666666668 ], [ -84.08333333333333,31.666666666666668 ], [ -84.08333333333333,31.416666666666668 ], [ -84.41666666666667,31.416666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db69637d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gordon, Debbie W. 0000-0002-5195-6657 dwarner@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5195-6657","contributorId":2251,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gordon","given":"Debbie","email":"dwarner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98002,"text":"sir20095185 - 2009 - Simulation of Reclaimed-Water Injection and Pumping Scenarios and Particle-Tracking Analysis near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:24:52","indexId":"sir20095185","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5185","title":"Simulation of Reclaimed-Water Injection and Pumping Scenarios and Particle-Tracking Analysis near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina","docAbstract":"The effect of injecting reclaimed water into the Middendorf aquifer beneath Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, was simulated using a groundwater-flow model of the Coastal Plain Physiographic Province of South Carolina and parts of Georgia and North Carolina. Reclaimed water, also known as recycled water, is wastewater or stormwater that has been treated to an appropriate level so that the water can be reused. The scenarios were simulated to evaluate potential changes in groundwater flow and groundwater-level conditions caused by injecting reclaimed water into the Middendorf aquifer. Simulations included a Base Case and two injection scenarios. Maximum pumping rates were simulated as 6.65, 8.50, and 10.5 million gallons per day for the Base Case, Scenario 1, and Scenario 2, respectively. The Base Case simulation represents a non-injection estimate of the year 2050 groundwater levels for comparison purposes for the two injection scenarios. For Scenarios 1 and 2, the simulated injection of reclaimed water at 3 million gallons per day begins in 2012 and continues through 2050. The flow paths and time of travel for the injected reclaimed water were simulated using particle-tracking analysis.\r\n\r\nThe simulations indicated a general decline of groundwater altitudes in the Middendorf aquifer in the Mount Pleasant, South Carolina, area between 2004 and 2050 for the Base Case and two injection scenarios. For the Base Case, groundwater altitudes generally declined about 90 feet from the 2004 groundwater levels. For Scenarios 1 and 2, although groundwater altitudes initially increased in the Mount Pleasant area because of the simulated injection, these higher groundwater levels declined as Mount Pleasant Waterworks pumping increased over time. When compared to the Base Case simulation, 2050 groundwater altitudes for Scenario 1 are between 15 feet lower to 23 feet higher for production wells, between 41 and 77 feet higher for the injection wells, and between 9 and 23 feet higher for observation wells in the Mount Pleasant area. When compared to the Base Case simulation, 2050 groundwater altitudes for Scenario 2 are between 2 and 106 feet lower for production wells and observation wells and between 11 and 27 feet higher for the injection wells in the Mount Pleasant area. \r\n\r\nWater budgets for the model area immediately surrounding the Mount Pleasant area were calculated for 2011 and for 2050. The largest flow component for the 2050 water budget in the Mount Pleasant area is discharge through wells at rates between 7.1 and 10.9 million gallons of water per day. This groundwater is replaced predominantly by between 6.0 and 7.8 million gallons per day of lateral groundwater flow within the Middendorf aquifer for the Base Case and two scenarios and through reclaimed-water injection of 3 million gallons per day for Scenarios 1 and 2. In addition, between 175,000 and 319,000 gallons of groundwater are removed from this area per day because of the regional hydraulic gradient. Additional sources of water to this area are groundwater storage releases at rates between 86,800 and 116,000 gallons per day and vertical flow from over- and underlying confining units at rates between 69,100 and 150,000 gallons per day.\r\n\r\nReclaimed water injected into the Middendorf aquifer at three hypothetical injection wells moved to the Mount Pleasant Waterworks production wells in 18 to 256 years as indicated by particle-tracking simulations. Time of travel varied from 18 to 179 years for simulated conditions of 20 percent uniform aquifer porosity and between 25 to 256 years for 30 percent uniform aquifer porosity.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095185","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Mount Pleasant Waterworks","usgsCitation":"Petkewich, M.D., and Campbell, B.G., 2009, Simulation of Reclaimed-Water Injection and Pumping Scenarios and Particle-Tracking Analysis near Mount Pleasant, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5185, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095185.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5185.jpg"},{"id":13179,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5185/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","city":"Mount Pleasant","otherGeospatial":"Middendorf aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -80.19882202148438,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19882202148438,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53689575195312,\n              33.03629817885956\n            ],\n            [\n              -79.53689575195312,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.19882202148438,\n              32.51207789841144\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db698352","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Campbell, Bruce G. 0000-0003-4800-6674 bcampbel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4800-6674","contributorId":995,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Bruce","email":"bcampbel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98001,"text":"sir20095165 - 2009 - A Comparison of Turbidity-Based and Streamflow-Based Estimates of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in Three Chesapeake Bay Tributaries","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095165","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5165","title":"A Comparison of Turbidity-Based and Streamflow-Based Estimates of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in Three Chesapeake Bay Tributaries","docAbstract":"Fluvial transport of sediment into the Chesapeake Bay estuary is a persistent water-quality issue with major implications for the overall health of the bay ecosystem. Accurately and precisely estimating the suspended-sediment concentrations (SSC) and loads that are delivered to the bay, however, remains challenging. Although manual sampling of SSC produces an accurate series of point-in-time measurements, robust extrapolation to unmeasured periods (especially highflow periods) has proven to be difficult. Sediment concentrations typically have been estimated using regression relations between individual SSC values and associated streamflow values; however, suspended-sediment transport during storm events is extremely variable, and it is often difficult to relate a unique SSC to a given streamflow. With this limitation for estimating SSC, innovative approaches for generating detailed records of suspended-sediment transport are needed.\r\n\r\nOne effective method for improved suspended-sediment determination involves the continuous monitoring of turbidity as a surrogate for SSC. Turbidity measurements are theoretically well correlated to SSC because turbidity represents a measure of water clarity that is directly influenced by suspended sediments; thus, turbidity-based estimation models typically are effective tools for generating SSC data. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program and Virginia Department of Environmental Quality, initiated continuous turbidity monitoring on three major tributaries of the bay - the James, Rappahannock, and North Fork Shenandoah Rivers - to evaluate the use of turbidity as a sediment surrogate in rivers that deliver sediment to the bay. Results of this surrogate approach were compared to the traditionally applied streamflow-based approach for estimating SSC. Additionally, evaluation and comparison of these two approaches were conducted for nutrient estimations. \r\n\r\nResults demonstrate that the application of turbidity-based estimation models provides an improved method for generating a continuous record of SSC, relative to the classical approach that uses streamflow as a surrogate for SSC. Turbidity-based estimates of SSC were found to be more accurate and precise than SSC estimates from streamflow-based approaches. The turbidity-based SSC estimation models explained 92 to 98 percent of the variability in SSC, while streamflow-based models explained 74 to 88 percent of the variability in SSC. Furthermore, the mean absolute error of turbidity-based SSC estimates was 50 to 87 percent less than the corresponding values from the streamflow-based models. Statistically significant differences were detected between the distributions of residual errors and estimates from the two approaches, indicating that the turbidity-based approach yields estimates of SSC with greater precision than the streamflow-based approach.\r\n\r\nSimilar improvements were identified for turbidity-based estimates of total phosphorus, which is strongly related to turbidity because total phosphorus occurs predominantly in particulate form. Total nitrogen estimation models based on turbidity and streamflow generated estimates of similar quality, with the turbidity-based models providing slight improvements in the quality of estimations. This result is attributed to the understanding that nitrogen transport is dominated by dissolved forms that relate less directly to streamflow and turbidity. Improvements in concentration estimation resulted in improved estimates of load. Turbidity-based suspended-sediment loads estimated for the James River at Cartersville, VA, monitoring station exhibited tighter confidence interval bounds and a coefficient of variation of 12 percent, compared with a coefficient of variation of 38 percent for the streamflow-based load.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095165","isbn":"9781411326057","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program and the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality","usgsCitation":"Jastram, J.D., Moyer, D., and Hyer, K., 2009, A Comparison of Turbidity-Based and Streamflow-Based Estimates of Suspended-Sediment Concentrations in Three Chesapeake Bay Tributaries: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5165, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095165.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125621,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5165.jpg"},{"id":13178,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5165/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81,36 ], [ -81,43 ], [ -74,43 ], [ -74,36 ], [ -81,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd494fe4b0b290850ef0b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jastram, John D. 0000-0002-9416-3358 jdjastra@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9416-3358","contributorId":3531,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jastram","given":"John","email":"jdjastra@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moyer, Douglas 0000-0001-6330-478X dlmoyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6330-478X","contributorId":2670,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moyer","given":"Douglas","email":"dlmoyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hyer, Kenneth kenhyer@usgs.gov","contributorId":2701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hyer","given":"Kenneth","email":"kenhyer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":614,"text":"Virginia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":98000,"text":"ofr20091205 - 2009 - Long-Term Stage, Stage-Residual, and Width Data for Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Region, Georgia","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T12:40:42","indexId":"ofr20091205","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1205","title":"Long-Term Stage, Stage-Residual, and Width Data for Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Region, Georgia","docAbstract":"This report presents the data used to assess geomorphic adjustment of streams over time and to changing land-use conditions. Thirty-seven U.S. Geological Survey streamgages were selected within the Piedmont physiographic region of Georgia. Width, depth, stage, and discharge data from these streams were analyzed to assess channel stability and determine if systematic adjustments of channel morphology could be related to time or land use and land cover. Residual analyses of stage-discharge data were used to infer channel stability, which could then be used as an indicator of habitat stability. Streamgages, representing a gradient of urbanization, were selected to test hypotheses regarding stream stability and adjustment to urban conditions. Results indicate that 14 sites exhibited long-term channel stability, 11 were degrading, 6 were aggrading, and 6 showed variability in response over the study period.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091205","usgsCitation":"Riley, J.W., and Jacobson, R.B., 2009, Long-Term Stage, Stage-Residual, and Width Data for Streams in the Piedmont Physiographic Region, Georgia: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1205, vi, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091205.","productDescription":"vi, 48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1205.jpg"},{"id":13177,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1205/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United 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