Groundwater quality in the approximately 860-square-mile Madera–Chowchilla study unit (MADCHOW) was investigated in April and May 2008 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).
The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw groundwater used for public water supplies within MADCHOW, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 35 wells in Madera, Merced, and Fresno Counties. Thirty of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and five more were selected to provide additional sampling density to aid in understanding processes affecting groundwater quality (flow-path wells). Detection summaries in the text and tables are given for grid wells only, to avoid over-representation of the water quality in areas adjacent to flow-path wells.
Groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOCs], low-level 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane [DBCP] and 1,2-dibromoethane [EDB], pesticides and pesticide degradates, polar pesticides and metabolites, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA], perchlorate, and low-level 1,2,3-trichloropropane [1,2,3-TCP]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), and radioactive constituents (uranium isotopes, and gross alpha and gross beta particle activities). Naturally occurring isotopes and geochemical tracers (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, and activities of tritium and carbon-14), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, approximately 300 constituents and field water-quality indicators were investigated.
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) each were collected at approximately 11 percent of the wells sampled for each analysis, and the results obtained from these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that data for the groundwater samples were not compromised by possible contamination during sample collection, handling or analysis. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw groundwater were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and with aesthetic and technical thresholds established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only, and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with regulatory thresholds.
The concentrations of most constituents detected in groundwater samples from MADCHOW wells were below drinking-water thresholds. Organic compounds (VOCs and pesticides) were detected in about 40 percent of the samples from grid wells, and most concentrations were less than 1/100 of regulatory or non-regulatory health-based thresholds, although the concentrations of low-level DBCP in 10 percent and low-level EDB in 3 percent of the samples from grid wells were above the corresponding USEPA maximum contaminant levels (MCL-USs). Perchlorate was detected in 70 percent of the samples from grid wells, and most concentrations were less than one-tenth of the CDPH maximum contaminant level (MCL-CA). Low-level 1,2,3-TCP was detected in 33 percent of the samples from grid wells, and all concentrations were less than 1/1,000 of the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US). Most concentrations of trace elements and nutrients in samples were below regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds. Concentrations were above the MCL-US for nitrate in 7 percent of the samples from grid wells, for arsenic and uranium in 13 percent each of the samples from grid wells; and the concentration of vanadium was above the CDPH notification level (NL–CA) in 3 percent of the samples from grid wells. Detections of radioactive constituents were below regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds in most samples. Combined activities of uranium isotopes were detected above the MCL-CA in 20 percent of the subset of 25 grid well samples analyzed, and gross alpha particle activity was detected above the MCL-US in 20 percent of the samples from the 30 total grid wells. Most of the samples from MADCHOW grid wells had concentrations of major and minor ions, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant levels (SMCL-CAs), which are nonenforceable thresholds set for aesthetic and technical concerns. Twenty percent of the samples from grid wells contained specific-conductance values, or concentrations of chloride, total dissolved solids, or manganese above the respective SMCL–CAs.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds455","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Shelton, J.L., Fram, M.S., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater-quality data in the Madera-Chowchilla study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 455, x, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds455.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","temporalStart":"2008-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-05-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125389,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_455.jpg"},{"id":404081,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87706.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13168,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/455/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Madera-Chowchilla study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.5917,\n 36.7433\n ],\n [\n -119.6833,\n 36.7433\n ],\n [\n -119.6833,\n 37.2\n ],\n [\n -120.5917,\n 37.2\n ],\n [\n -120.5917,\n 36.7433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a94e4b07f02db658a50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shelton, Jennifer L. 0000-0001-8508-0270 jshelton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8508-0270","contributorId":1155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"Jennifer","email":"jshelton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303823,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70238317,"text":"70238317 - 2009 - Response to comment on \"Arsenic(III) Fuels Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Hot Spring Biofilms from Mono Lake, California\"","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-16T12:25:30.134281","indexId":"70238317","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-16T06:21:13","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Response to comment on \"Arsenic(III) Fuels Anoxygenic Photosynthesis in Hot Spring Biofilms from Mono Lake, California\"","docAbstract":"[1] We explore the physical conditions that enable triggering of nonvolcanic tremor and earthquakes by considering local seismic activity on Vancouver Island, British Columbia during and immediately after the arrival of large-amplitude seismic waves from 30 teleseismic and 17 regional or local earthquakes. We identify tremor triggered by four of the teleseismic earthquakes. The close temporal and spatial proximity of triggered tremor to ambient tremor and aseismic slip indicates that when a fault is close to or undergoing failure, it is particularly susceptible to triggering of further events. The amplitude of the triggering waves also influences the likelihood of triggering both tremor and earthquakes such that large amplitude waves triggered tremor in the absence of detectable aseismic slip or ambient tremor. Tremor and energy radiated from regional/local earthquakes share the same frequency passband so that tremor cannot be identified during these smaller, more frequent events. We confidently identify triggered local earthquakes following only one teleseism, that with the largest amplitude, and four regional or local events that generated vigorous aftershock sequences in their immediate vicinity. 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The sublethal effects of simulated capture of red snapper (Lutjanus campechanus) were analysed using physiological responses, condition indexing, and performance variables. Simulated catch-and-release fishing included combinations of depth of capture and thermocline exposure reflective of environmental conditions experienced in the Gulf of Mexico. Frequency of occurrence of barotrauma and lack of reflex response exhibited considerable individual variation. When combined into a single condition or impairment index, individual variation was reduced, and impairment showed significant increases as depth increased and with the addition of thermocline exposure. Performance variables, such as burst swimming speed (BSS) and simulated predator approach distance (AD), were also significantly different by depth. BSSs and predator ADs decreased with increasing depth, were lowest immediately after release, and were affected for up to 15 min, with longer recovery times required as depth increased. The impairment score developed was positively correlated with cortisol concentration and negatively correlated with both BSS and simulated predator AD. The impairment index proved to be an efficient method to estimate the overall impairment of red snapper in the laboratory simulations of capture and shows promise for use in field conditions, to estimate release mortality and vulnerability to predation.
","language":"English","publisher":"International Council for the Exploration of the Sea","publisherLocation":"London","doi":"10.1093/icesjms/fsp255","usgsCitation":"Campbell, M.D., Patino, R., Tolan, J., Strauss, R.E., and Diamond, S., 2009, Sublethal effects of catch-and-release fishing: measuring capture stress, fish impairment, and predation risk using a condition index: ICES Journal of Marine Science, v. 67, no. 3, p. 513-521, https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp255.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"513","endPage":"521","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010090","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/icesjms/fsp255","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":302419,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"67","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-11-15","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77bbe4b0b6d21dd65974","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Campbell, Matthew D.","contributorId":143783,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Campbell","given":"Matthew","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tolan, J.M.","contributorId":103018,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Strauss, R. E.","contributorId":50722,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strauss","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Diamond, S.","contributorId":59207,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diamond","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70158957,"text":"70158957 - 2009 - Research and conservation activities in Florida 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-08T16:04:45.224266","indexId":"70158957","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Research and conservation activities in Florida 2009","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561793cfe4b0cdb063e3fb97","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burkhead, Noel","contributorId":103923,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burkhead","given":"Noel","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577048,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97988,"text":"sir20095223 - 2009 - Estimation of Leakage Potential of Selected Sites in Interstate and Tri-State Canals Using Geostatistical Analysis of Selected Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Profiles, Western Nebraska, 2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095223","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5223","title":"Estimation of Leakage Potential of Selected Sites in Interstate and Tri-State Canals Using Geostatistical Analysis of Selected Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Profiles, Western Nebraska, 2004","docAbstract":"With increasing demands for reliable water supplies and availability estimates, groundwater flow models often are developed to enhance understanding of surface-water and groundwater systems. Specific hydraulic variables must be known or calibrated for the groundwater-flow model to accurately simulate current or future conditions. Surface geophysical surveys, along with selected test-hole information, can provide an integrated framework for quantifying hydrogeologic conditions within a defined area. In 2004, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, performed a surface geophysical survey using a capacitively coupled resistivity technique to map the lithology within the top 8 meters of the near-surface for 110 kilometers of the Interstate and Tri-State Canals in western Nebraska and eastern Wyoming. Assuming that leakage between the surface-water and groundwater systems is affected primarily by the sediment directly underlying the canal bed, leakage potential was estimated from the simple vertical mean of inverse-model resistivity values for depth levels with geometrically increasing layer thickness with depth which resulted in mean-resistivity values biased towards the surface. This method generally produced reliable results, but an improved analysis method was needed to account for situations where confining units, composed of less permeable material, underlie units with greater permeability.\r\n\r\nIn this report, prepared by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District, the authors use geostatistical analysis to develop the minimum-unadjusted method to compute a relative leakage potential based on the minimum resistivity value in a vertical column of the resistivity model. The minimum-unadjusted method considers the effects of homogeneous confining units. The minimum-adjusted method also is developed to incorporate the effect of local lithologic heterogeneity on water transmission. Seven sites with differing geologic contexts were selected following review of the capacitively coupled resistivity data collected in 2004. A reevaluation of these sites using the mean, minimum-unadjusted, and minimum-adjusted methods was performed to compare the different approaches for estimating leakage potential.\r\n\r\nFive of the seven sites contained underlying confining units, for which the minimum-unadjusted and minimum-adjusted methods accounted for the confining-unit effect. Estimates of overall leakage potential were lower for the minimum-unadjusted and minimum-adjusted methods than those estimated by the mean method. For most sites, the local heterogeneity adjustment procedure of the minimum-adjusted method resulted in slightly larger overall leakage-potential estimates. In contrast to the mean method, the two minimum-based methods allowed the least permeable areas to control the overall vertical permeability of the subsurface. The minimum-adjusted method refined leakage-potential estimation by additionally including local lithologic heterogeneity effects.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095223","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Platte Natural Resources District","usgsCitation":"Vrabel, J., Teeple, A., and Kress, W.H., 2009, Estimation of Leakage Potential of Selected Sites in Interstate and Tri-State Canals Using Geostatistical Analysis of Selected Capacitively Coupled Resistivity Profiles, Western Nebraska, 2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5223, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095223.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","temporalStart":"2004-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126876,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5223.jpg"},{"id":13164,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0be4b07f02db5fbcc6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vrabel, Joseph 0000-0002-8773-0764 jvrabel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8773-0764","contributorId":1577,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vrabel","given":"Joseph","email":"jvrabel@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teeple, Andrew 0000-0003-1781-8354 apteeple@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1781-8354","contributorId":1399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teeple","given":"Andrew ","email":"apteeple@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303809,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kress, Wade H.","contributorId":100475,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kress","given":"Wade","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97990,"text":"ofr20081118 - 2009 - Deep Resistivity Structure of Mid Valley, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"ofr20081118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1118","title":"Deep Resistivity Structure of Mid Valley, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) and the National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA) at their Nevada Site Office (NSO) are addressing ground-water contamination resulting from historical underground nuclear testing through the Environmental Management (EM) program and, in particular, the Underground Test Area (UGTA) project.\r\n\r\nFrom 1951 to 1992, 828 underground nuclear tests were conducted at the Nevada Test Site northwest of Las Vegas (DOE UGTA, 2003). Most of these tests were conducted hundreds of feet above the ground-water table; however, more than 200 of the tests were near, or within, the water table. This underground testing was limited to specific areas of the Nevada Test Site including Pahute Mesa, Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain (RM-SM), Frenchman Flat, and Yucca Flat.\r\n\r\nOne issue of concern is the nature of the somewhat poorly constrained pre-Tertiary geology and its effects on ground-water flow in the area subsequent to a nuclear test. Ground-water modelers would like to know more about the hydrostratigraphy and geologic structure to support a hydrostratigraphic framework model that is under development for the Rainier Mesa/Shoshone Mountain (RM-SM) Corrective Action Unit (CAU) (National Security Technologies, 2007).\r\n\r\nDuring 2003, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the DOE and NNSA-NSO collected and processed data at the Nevada Test Site in and near Yucca Flat (YF) to help define the character, thickness, and lateral extent of the pre-Tertiary confining units. We collected 51 magnetotelluric (MT) and audio-magnetotelluric (AMT) stations for that research (Williams and others, 2005a, 2005b, 2005c, 2005d, 2005e, and 2005f). In early 2005 we extended that research with 26 additional MT data stations (Williams and others, 2006) located on and near Rainier Mesa and Shoshone Mountain (RM-SM). The new stations extended the area of the hydrogeologic study previously conducted in Yucca Flat, further refining what is known about the pre-Tertiary confining units. In particular, a major goal was to define the extent of the upper clastic confining unit (UCCU). The UCCU is composed of late Devonian to Mississippian siliciclastic rocks assigned to the Eleana Formation and Chainman Shale (National Security Technologies, 2007). The UCCU underlies the Yucca Flat area and extends southwestward toward Shoshone Mountain, westward toward Buckboard Mesa, and northwestward toward Rainier Mesa. Late in 2005 we collected data at an additional 14 MT stations in Mid Valley, CP Hills, and northern Yucca Flat. That work was done to better determine the extent and thickness of the UCCU near the boundary between the southeastern RM-SM CAU and the southwestern YF CAU, and also in the northern YF CAU. The MT data have been released in a separate U.S. Geological Survey report (Williams and others, 2007).\r\n\r\nThe Nevada Test Site magnetotelluric data interpretation presented in this report includes the results of detailed two-dimensional (2-D) resistivity modeling for each profile and inferences on the three-dimensional (3-D) character of the geology within the region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081118","usgsCitation":"Wallin, E.L., Rodriguez, B.D., and Williams, J.M., 2009, Deep Resistivity Structure of Mid Valley, Nevada Test Site, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1118, Report: iv, 46 p.; Plate: 17.5 x 24.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081118.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 46 p.; Plate: 17.5 x 24.5 inches","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125453,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1118.jpg"},{"id":13166,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.33333333333333,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.33333333333333,37 ], [ -115.91666666666667,37 ], [ -115.91666666666667,36.833333333333336 ], [ -116.33333333333333,36.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6725b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wallin, Erin L.","contributorId":70066,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wallin","given":"Erin","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303819,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodriguez, Brian D. 0000-0002-2263-611X brod@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2263-611X","contributorId":836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodriguez","given":"Brian","email":"brod@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303817,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Jackie M.","contributorId":11217,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Jackie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303818,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97987,"text":"sir20095230 - 2009 - Mapping and Visualization of Storm-Surge Dynamics for Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20095230","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5230","title":"Mapping and Visualization of Storm-Surge Dynamics for Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita","docAbstract":"The damages caused by the storm surges from Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita were significant and occurred over broad areas. Storm-surge maps are among the most useful geospatial datasets for hurricane recovery, impact assessments, and mitigation planning for future storms. Surveyed high-water marks were used to generate a maximum storm-surge surface for Hurricane Katrina extending from eastern Louisiana to Mobile Bay, Alabama. The interpolated surface was intersected with high-resolution lidar elevation data covering the study area to produce a highly detailed digital storm-surge inundation map. The storm-surge dataset and related data are available for display and query in a Web-based viewer application. A unique water-level dataset from a network of portable pressure sensors deployed in the days just prior to Hurricane Rita's landfall captured the hurricane's storm surge. The recorded sensor data provided water-level measurements with a very high temporal resolution at surveyed point locations. The resulting dataset was used to generate a time series of storm-surge surfaces that documents the surge dynamics in a new, spatially explicit way. The temporal information contained in the multiple storm-surge surfaces can be visualized in a number of ways to portray how the surge interacted with and was affected by land surface features. Spatially explicit storm-surge products can be useful for a variety of hurricane impact assessments, especially studies of wetland and land changes where knowledge of the extent and magnitude of storm-surge flooding is critical.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095230","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D.B., 2009, Mapping and Visualization of Storm-Surge Dynamics for Hurricane Katrina and Hurricane Rita: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5230, iv, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095230.","productDescription":"iv, 19 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5230.jpg"},{"id":13163,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5230/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94,28 ], [ -94,32 ], [ -87,32 ], [ -87,28 ], [ -94,28 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64977f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean B. 0000-0002-8992-4933 gesch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":2956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","email":"gesch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97986,"text":"sir20095169 - 2009 - Character and Trends of Water Quality in the Blue River Basin, Kansas City Metropolitan Area, Missouri and Kansas, 1998 through 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5169","title":"Character and Trends of Water Quality in the Blue River Basin, Kansas City Metropolitan Area, Missouri and Kansas, 1998 through 2007","docAbstract":"Water-quality and ecological character and trends in the metropolitan Blue River Basin were evaluated from 1998 through 2007 to provide spatial and temporal resolution to factors that affect the quality of water and biota in the basin and provide a basis for assessing the efficacy of long-term combined sewer control and basin management plans. Assessments included measurements of stream discharge, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, turbidity, nutrients (dissolved and total nitrogen and phosphorus species), fecal-indicator bacteria (Escherichia coli and fecal coliform), suspended sediment, organic wastewater and pharmaceutical compounds, and sources of these compounds as well as the quality of stream biota in the basin.\r\n\r\nBecause of the nature and myriad of factors that affect basin water quality, multiple strategies are needed to decrease constituent loads in streams. Strategies designed to decrease or eliminate combined sewer overflows (CSOs) would substantially reduce the annual loads of nutrients and fecal-indicator bacteria in Brush Creek, but have little effect on Blue River loadings. Nonpoint source reductions to Brush Creek could potentially have an equivalent, if not greater, effect on water quality than would CSO reductions. Nonpoint source reductions could also substantially decrease annual nutrient and bacteria loadings to the Blue River and Indian Creek. Methods designed to decrease nutrient loads originating from Blue River and Indian Creek wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) could substantially reduce the overall nutrient load in these streams.\r\n\r\nFor the main stem of the Blue River and Indian Creek, primary sources of nutrients were nonpoint source runoff and WWTPs discharges; however, the relative contribution of each source varied depending on how wet or dry the year was and the number of upstream WWTPs. On Brush Creek, approximately two-thirds of the nutrients originated from nonpoint sources and the remainder from CSOs. Nutrient assimilation processes, which reduced total nitrogen loads by approximately 13 percent and total phosphorus loads by double that amount in a 20-kilometer reach of the Blue River during three synoptic base-flow sampling events between August through September 2004 and September 2005, likely are limited to selected periods during any given year and may not substantially reduce annual nutrient loads.\r\n\r\nBacteria densities typically increased with increasing urbanization, and bacteria loadings to the Blue River and Indian Creek were almost entirely the result of nonpoint source runoff. WWTPs contributed, on average, less than 1 percent of the bacteria to these reaches, and in areas of the Blue River that had combined sewers, CSOs contributed only minor amounts (less than 2 percent) of the total annual load in 2005. The bulk of the fecal-indicator bacteria load in Brush Creek also originated from nonpoint sources with the remainder from CSOs. From October 2002 through September 2007, estimated daily mean Escherichia coli bacteria density in upper reaches of the Blue River met the State of Missouri secondary contact criterion standard approximately 85 percent of the time. However, in lower Blue River reaches, the same threshold was exceeded approximately 45 percent of the time.\r\n\r\nThe tributary with the greatest number of CSO discharge points, Brush Creek, contributed approximately 10 percent of the bacteria loads to downstream reaches. The tributary Town Fork Creek had median base-flow Escherichia coli densities that were double that of other basin sites and stormflow densities 10 times greater than those in other parts of the basin largely because approximately one-fourth of the runoff in the Town Fork Creek Basin is believed to originate in combined sewers. Genotypic source typing of bacteria indicated that more than half of the bacteria in this tributary originated from human sources with two storms contributing the bulk of all bacteria sourced as human. However, areas outsid","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095169","isbn":"9781411325203","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Kansas City, Missouri, Water Services Department","usgsCitation":"Wilkison, D.H., Armstrong, D., and Hampton, S.A., 2009, Character and Trends of Water Quality in the Blue River Basin, Kansas City Metropolitan Area, Missouri and Kansas, 1998 through 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5169, vi, 212 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095169.","productDescription":"vi, 212 p.","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125670,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5169.jpg"},{"id":13162,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.75,38.75 ], [ -94.75,39.25 ], [ -94.33333333333333,39.25 ], [ -94.33333333333333,38.75 ], [ -94.75,38.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e3e4b07f02db5e572b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilkison, Donald H. wilkison@usgs.gov","contributorId":3824,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilkison","given":"Donald","email":"wilkison@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Armstrong, Daniel J. armstron@usgs.gov","contributorId":3823,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Daniel J.","email":"armstron@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hampton, Sarah A.","contributorId":97593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97989,"text":"sir20095061 - 2009 - Soil CO2 Flux in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, during El Nino 1998 and La Nina 1999","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-30T21:06:38","indexId":"sir20095061","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5061","title":"Soil CO2 Flux in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, during El Nino 1998 and La Nina 1999","docAbstract":"Mean annual soil CO2 fluxes from normally bare mineral soil in the Amargosa Desert in southern Nevada, United States, measured with clear and opaque soil CO2-flux chambers (autochambers) were small - <5 millimoles per square meter per day - during both El Nino 1998 and La Nina 1999. The 1998 opaque-chamber flux exceeded 1999 opaque-chamber flux by an order of magnitude, whereas the 1998 clear-chamber flux exceeded 1999 clear-chamber flux by less than a factor of two. These data suggest that above-normal soil moisture stimulated increased metabolic activity, but that much of the extra CO2 produced was recaptured by plants. Fluxes from warm moist soil were the largest sustained fluxes measured, and their hourly pattern is consistent with enhanced soil metabolic activity at some depth in the soil and photosynthetic uptake of a substantial portion of the CO2 released. Flux from cool moist soil was smaller than flux from warm moist soil. Flux from hot dry soil was intermediate between warm-moist and cool-moist fluxes, and clear-chamber flux was more than double the opaque-chamber flux, apparently due to a chamber artifact stemming from a thermally controlled CO2 reservoir near the soil surface. There was no demonstrable metabolic contribution to the very small flux from cool dry soil, which was dominated by diffusive up-flux of CO2 from the water table and temperature-controlled CO2-reservoir up- and down-fluxes. These flux patterns suggest that transfer of CO2 across the land surface is a complex process that is difficult to accurately measure.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095061","usgsCitation":"Riggs, A.C., Stannard, D.I., Maestas, F.B., Karlinger, M.R., and Striegl, R.G., 2009, Soil CO2 Flux in the Amargosa Desert, Nevada, during El Nino 1998 and La Nina 1999: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5061, vi, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095061.","productDescription":"vi, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1998-01-01","temporalEnd":"1999-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125591,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5061.jpg"},{"id":13165,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5061/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.25,36 ], [ -117.25,37 ], [ -115,37 ], [ -115,36 ], [ -117.25,36 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b01e4b07f02db69883d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Riggs, Alan C. ariggs@usgs.gov","contributorId":149,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riggs","given":"Alan","email":"ariggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stannard, David I. distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":562,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maestas, Florentino B.","contributorId":20856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maestas","given":"Florentino","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303816,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Karlinger, Michael R.","contributorId":10777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karlinger","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97991,"text":"ds432 - 2009 - Groundwater quality data for the Tahoe-Martis study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T20:12:12.143918","indexId":"ds432","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-12T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"432","title":"Groundwater quality data for the Tahoe-Martis study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"Groundwater quality in the approximately 460-square-mile Tahoe–Martis study unit was investigated in June through September 2007 as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB).
The study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of raw groundwater used for public water supplies within the Tahoe–Martis study unit (Tahoe–Martis) and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 52 wells in El Dorado, Placer, and Nevada Counties. Forty-one of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and 11 were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells).
The groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of synthetic organic constituents (volatile organic compounds [VOC], pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds), constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]), naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, major and minor ions, and trace elements), radioactive constituents, and microbial indicators. Naturally occurring isotopes (tritium, carbon-14, strontium isotope ratio, and stable isotopes of hydrogen and oxygen of water), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled groundwater. In total, 240 constituents and water-quality indicators were investigated.
Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and samples for matrix spikes) each were collected at 12 percent of the wells, and the results obtained from these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that data for the groundwater samples were not compromised by possible contamination during sample collection, handling or analysis. Differences between replicate samples were within acceptable ranges. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.
This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, raw water typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to raw groundwater. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the raw groundwater were compared with regulatory and nonregulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and the California Department of Public Health (CDPH), and with aesthetic and technical thresholds established by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and drinking-water thresholds are for illustrative purposes only and do not indicate of compliance or noncompliance with regulatory thresholds.
The concentrations of most constituents detected in groundwater samples from the Tahoe–Martis wells were below drinking-water thresholds. Organic compounds (VOCs and pesticides) were detected in about 40 percent of the samples from grid wells, and most concentrations were less than 1/100th of regulatory and nonregulatory health-based thresholds, although the conentration of perchloroethene in one sample was above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US). Concentrations of all trace elements and nutrients in samples from grid wells were below regulatory and nonregulatory health-based thresholds, with five exceptions. Concentrations of arsenic were above the MCL-US in 20 percent of the samples from grid wells. Gross alpha particle activity (MCL-US), boron (CDPH notification level, NL-CA), and molybdenum (USEPA lifetime health advisory, HAL-US) were each detected above thresholds in two of the samples from grid wells, and radon (proposed alternative MCL-US) was detected above the threshold in one sample from a grid well. Most of the samples from Tahoe–Martis grid wells had concentrations of major elements, total dissolved solids, and trace elements below the CDPH secondary maximum contaminant levels, nonenforceable thresholds set for aesthetic and technical concerns. Fifteen percent of the samples from grid wells contained iron, manganese, or total dissolved solids at concentrations above these levels.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds432","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Fram, M.S., Munday, C., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater quality data for the Tahoe-Martis study unit, 2007: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 432, x, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds432.","productDescription":"x, 89 p.","temporalStart":"2007-06-01","temporalEnd":"2007-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125385,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_432.jpg"},{"id":404072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87733.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13167,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/432/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Tahoe-Martis study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.3194,\n 38.7617\n ],\n [\n -119.8833,\n 38.7617\n ],\n [\n -119.8833,\n 39.425\n ],\n [\n -120.3194,\n 39.425\n ],\n [\n -120.3194,\n 38.7617\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65a1b0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303821,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Munday, Cathy","contributorId":57538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Munday","given":"Cathy","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303822,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303820,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70206571,"text":"70206571 - 2009 - Hydrogeology of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the northern Willamette Valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-12T06:49:02","indexId":"70206571","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-11T06:45:24","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"displayTitle":"Hydrogeology of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the northern Willamette Valley","title":"Hydrogeology of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the northern Willamette Valley","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America Field Guide 15","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":13,"text":"Handbook"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(31)","usgsCitation":"Burt, W., Conlon, T.D., Tolan, T., Wells, R., and Melady, J., 2009, Hydrogeology of the Columbia River Basalt Group in the northern Willamette Valley, chap. of Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest: Geological Society of America Field Guide 15, p. 697-736, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(31).","productDescription":"40 p. ","startPage":"697","endPage":"736","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369101,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Untied States ","state":"Oregon ","otherGeospatial":"Willamette Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.98919677734375,\n 44.941473354802504\n ],\n [\n -122.8656005859375,\n 44.941473354802504\n ],\n [\n -122.8656005859375,\n 44.99782485158904\n ],\n [\n -122.98919677734375,\n 44.99782485158904\n ],\n [\n -122.98919677734375,\n 44.941473354802504\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burt, W","contributorId":220494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burt","given":"W","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conlon, Terrence D. 0000-0002-5899-7187 tdconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5899-7187","contributorId":819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Terrence","email":"tdconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775019,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tolan, T.L.","contributorId":55693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tolan","given":"T.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775020,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wells, R.E. 0000-0002-7796-0160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7796-0160","contributorId":67537,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wells","given":"R.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Melady, J","contributorId":220495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Melady","given":"J","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":775022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97973,"text":"sim3052 - 2009 - Bedrock geologic map of the Old Lyme quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79592,"text":"ofr20061296 - 2006 - Preliminary Bedrock Geologic Map of the Old Lyme Quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut","indexId":"ofr20061296","publicationYear":"2006","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary Bedrock Geologic Map of the Old Lyme Quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97973,"text":"sim3052 - 2009 - Bedrock geologic map of the Old Lyme quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut","indexId":"sim3052","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Old Lyme quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-29T14:34:54.842795","indexId":"sim3052","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3052","title":"Bedrock geologic map of the Old Lyme quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut","docAbstract":"The bedrock geology of the Old Lyme quadrangle consists of Neoproterozoic and Permian gneisses and granites of the Gander and Avalon terranes, Silurian metasedimentary rocks of the Merrimack terrane, and Silurian to Devonian metasedimentary rocks of uncertain origin. The Avalon terrane rocks crop out within the Selden Neck block, and the Gander terrane rocks crop out within the Lyme dome. The Silurian to Devonian rocks crop out between these two massifs. \r\n\r\nPrevious mapping in the Old Lyme quadrangle includes the work by Lawrence Lundgren, Jr. Lundgren's work provides an excellent resource for rock descriptions and detailed modal analyses of rock units that will not be duplicated in this current report. New research that was not covered in detail by Lundgren is the focus of this report and includes (1) evaluation of the rocks in the core of the Lyme dome in an effort to subdivide units in this area; (2) structural analysis of foliations and folds in and around the Lyme dome; (3) geochronology of selected units within the Lyme dome; and (4) analysis of joints and the fracture properties of the rocks.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the State of Connecticut, Department of Environmental Protection, Geological and Natural History Survey","usgsCitation":"Walsh, G.J., Scott, R.B., Aleinikoff, J.N., and Armstrong, T.R., 2009, Bedrock geologic map of the Old Lyme quadrangle, New London and Middlesex Counties, Connecticut (Version 1.0, Supersedes OFR 2006-1296): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3052, Report: iv, 25 p.; 2 Plates: 46 x 28 inches and 38 x 29.5 inches; Download Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3052.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 25 p.; 2 Plates: 46 x 28 inches and 38 x 29.5 inches; Download Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125534,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3052.jpg"},{"id":13151,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":398785,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87601.htm"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","country":"United States","state":"Connecticut","county":"Middlesex County, New London County","otherGeospatial":"Old Lyme quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -72.375,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 41.25\n ],\n [\n -72.25,\n 41.375\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 41.375\n ],\n [\n -72.375,\n 41.25\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0, Supersedes OFR 2006-1296","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6be4b07f02db63db50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walsh, Gregory J. 0000-0003-4264-8836 gwalsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4264-8836","contributorId":873,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walsh","given":"Gregory","email":"gwalsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Scott, Robert B. rbscott@usgs.gov","contributorId":766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Scott","given":"Robert","email":"rbscott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aleinikoff, John N. 0000-0003-3494-6841 jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3494-6841","contributorId":1478,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aleinikoff","given":"John","email":"jaleinikoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Armstrong, Thomas R.","contributorId":40637,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Armstrong","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97982,"text":"fs20093094 - 2009 - Gulf of Mexico Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystem Studies, 2008-2011","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"fs20093094","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3094","title":"Gulf of Mexico Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystem Studies, 2008-2011","docAbstract":"Most people are familiar with tropical coral reefs, located in warm, well-illuminated, shallow waters. However, corals also exist hundreds and even thousands of meters below the ocean surface, where it is cold and completely dark. These deep-sea corals, also known as cold-water corals, have become a topic of interest due to conservation concerns over the impacts of trawling, exploration for oil and gas, and climate change. Although the existence of these corals has been known since the 1800s, our understanding of their distribution, ecology, and biology is limited due to the technical difficulties of conducting deep-sea research.\r\n\r\nDISCOVRE (DIversity, Systematics, and COnnectivity of Vulnerable Reef Ecosystems) is a new U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) program focused on deep-water coral ecosystems in the Gulf of Mexico. This integrated, multidisciplinary, international effort investigates a variety of topics related to unique and fragile deep-sea coral ecosystems from the microscopic level to the ecosystem level, including components of microbiology, population genetics, paleoecology, food webs, taxonomy, community ecology, physical oceanography, and mapping.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093094","usgsCitation":"Kellogg, C.A., 2009, Gulf of Mexico Deep-Sea Coral Ecosystem Studies, 2008-2011: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3094, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093094.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":275,"text":"Florida Integrated Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125424,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3094.jpg"},{"id":13160,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3094/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a1f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kellogg, Christina A. 0000-0002-6492-9455 ckellogg@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6492-9455","contributorId":391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Christina","email":"ckellogg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97978,"text":"ofr20091240 - 2009 - Ground-Water Quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin, New York, 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20091240","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1240","title":"Ground-Water Quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin, New York, 2007","docAbstract":"Water samples were collected from 25 production and domestic wells in the Upper Hudson River Basin (north of the Federal Dam at Troy, N.Y.) from August through November 2007 to characterize the ground-water quality. The Upper Hudson River Basin covers 4,600 square miles in upstate New York, Vermont, and Massachusetts; the study area encompasses the 4,000 square miles that lie within New York. The basin is underlain by crystalline and sedimentary bedrock, including gneiss, shale, and slate; some sandstone and carbonate rocks are present locally. The bedrock in some areas is overlain by surficial deposits of saturated sand and gravel. Of the 25 wells sampled, 13 were finished in sand and gravel deposits, and 12 were finished in bedrock. The samples were collected and processed by standard U.S. Geological Survey procedures and were analyzed for 225 physical properties and constituents, including major ions, nutrients, trace elements, radon-222, pesticides, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and indicator bacteria.\r\n\r\nWater quality in the study area is generally good, but concentrations of some constituents exceeded current or proposed Federal or New York State drinking-water standards; these were: color (1 sample), pH (2 samples), sodium (5 samples), nitrate plus nitrite (2 samples), aluminum (3 samples), iron (1 sample), manganese (7 samples), radon-222 (11 samples), and bacteria (1 sample). Dissolved-oxygen concentrations in samples from wells finished in sand and gravel [median 5.4 milligrams per liter (mg/L)] were greater than those from wells finished in bedrock (median 0.4 mg/L). The pH of all samples was typically neutral or slightly basic (median 7.6); the median water temperature was 9.7 deg C. The ions with the highest concentrations were bicarbonate (median 123 mg/L) and calcium (median 33.9 mg/L). Ground water in the basin is generally soft to moderately hard (less than or equal to 120 mg/L as CaCO3) (median hardness 110 mg/L as CaCO3). Concentrations of nitrate plus nitrite in samples from sand and gravel wells (median concentration 0.47 mg/L as nitrogen) were generally higher than those in samples from bedrock wells (median estimated 0.05 mg/L as nitrogen), and concentrations in two samples exceeded established drinking-water standards for nitrate (10 mg/L as nitrogen). The trace elements with the highest concentrations were strontium [median 217 micrograms per liter (ug/L)] and iron (median 39 ug/L). The highest radon-222 activities were in samples from bedrock wells [maximum 2,930 picocuries per liter (pCi/L)] and 44 percent of all samples exceeded a proposed U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) drinking-water standard of 300 pCi/L. Ten pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected among 11 samples at concentrations of 1.47 ug/L or less; most were herbicides or their degradates. Six VOCs were detected among 10 samples at concentrations of 4.2 ug/L or less; these included three trihalomethanes and methyl tert-butyl ether, tetrachloroethene, and toluene. Most detections were in samples from sand and gravel wells and none exceeded drinking-water standards. Total coliform bacteria were detected in only one sample, and fecal coliform bacteria, including Escherichia coli, were not detected in any sample.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091240","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"Nystrom, E.A., 2009, Ground-Water Quality in the Upper Hudson River Basin, New York, 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1240, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091240.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2007-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1240.jpg"},{"id":13156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1240/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -74.75,42.5 ], [ -74.75,44.25 ], [ -73,44.25 ], [ -73,42.5 ], [ -74.75,42.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d4db","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nystrom, Elizabeth A. 0000-0002-0886-3439 nystrom@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0886-3439","contributorId":1072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nystrom","given":"Elizabeth","email":"nystrom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97977,"text":"ofr20091245 - 2009 - St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project - December 2008-June 2009 Progress Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20091245","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1245","title":"St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project - December 2008-June 2009 Progress Report","docAbstract":"This report summarizes the mission, the project background, the participants, and the progress of the St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP) for the period from December 2008 through June 2009. During this period, the SLAEHMP held five conference calls and two face-to-face meetings in St. Louis, participated in several earthquake awareness public meetings, held one outreach field trip for the business and government community, collected and compiled new borehole and digital elevation data from partners, and published a project summary.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091245","collaboration":"Prepared in collaboration with the St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project (SLAEHMP)","usgsCitation":"Williams, R.A., Bauer, R., Boyd, O., Chung, J., Cramer, C., Gaunt, D., Hempen, G., Hoffman, D., McCallister, N., Prewett, J., Rogers, J., Steckel, P., and Watkins, C., 2009, St. Louis Area Earthquake Hazards Mapping Project - December 2008-June 2009 Progress Report: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1245, iii, 7 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091245.","productDescription":"iii, 7 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-12-01","temporalEnd":"2009-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125518,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1245.jpg"},{"id":13155,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1245/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93,34 ], [ -93,41 ], [ -86,41 ], [ -86,34 ], [ -93,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e49ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303781,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bauer, R.A.","contributorId":102599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"R.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303786,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyd, O.S.","contributorId":74479,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyd","given":"O.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Chung, J.","contributorId":100971,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chung","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303784,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cramer, C.H.","contributorId":100012,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cramer","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gaunt, D.A.","contributorId":29097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gaunt","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303774,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hempen, G.L.","contributorId":59532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hempen","given":"G.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hoffman, D.","contributorId":72895,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"McCallister, N.S.","contributorId":92777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCallister","given":"N.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Prewett, J.L.","contributorId":64764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prewett","given":"J.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Rogers, J.D.","contributorId":63501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"J.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303777,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Steckel, P.J.","contributorId":41547,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steckel","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303775,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Watkins, C.M.","contributorId":101766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"C.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303785,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}} ,{"id":97979,"text":"ofr20091241 - 2009 - Multilevel Methodology for Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Systems with Heterogeneous Activity; Application to Spread of Valley Fever Fungus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091241","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1241","title":"Multilevel Methodology for Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Systems with Heterogeneous Activity; Application to Spread of Valley Fever Fungus","docAbstract":"This report consists of a dissertation submitted to the faculty of the Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy, Graduate College, The University of Arizona, 2008. \r\n\r\nSpatio-temporal systems with heterogeneity in their structure and behavior have two major problems associated with them. The first one is that such complex real world systems extend over very large spatial and temporal domains and consume so many computational resources to simulate that they are infeasible to study with current computational platforms. The second one is that the data available for understanding such systems is limited because they are spread over space and time making it hard to obtain micro and macro measurements. This also makes it difficult to get the data for validation of their constituent processes while simultaneously considering their global behavior. For example, the valley fever fungus considered in this dissertation is spread over a large spatial grid in the arid Southwest and typically needs to be simulated over several decades of time to obtain useful information. It is also hard to get the temperature and moisture data (which are two critical factors on which the survival of the valley fever fungus depends) at every grid point of the spatial domain over the region of study. In order to address the first problem, we develop a method based on the discrete event system specification which exploits the heterogeneity in the activity of the spatio-temporal system and which has been shown to be effective in solving relatively simple partial differential equation systems. The benefit of addressing the first problem is that it now makes it feasible to address the second problem. We address the second problem by making use of a multilevel methodology based on modeling and simulation and systems theory. This methodology helps us in the construction of models with different resolutions (base and lumped models). This allows us to refine an initially constructed lumped model with detailed physics-based process models and assess whether they improve on the original lumped models. For that assessment, we use the concept of experimental frame to delimit where the improvement is needed. This allows us to work with the available data, improve the component models in their own experimental frame and then move them to the overall frame. In this dissertation, we develop a multilevel methodology and apply it to a valley fever model. Moreover, we study the model's behavior in a particular experimental frame of interest, namely the formation of new sporing sites.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091241","usgsCitation":"Jammalamadaka, R., 2009, Multilevel Methodology for Simulation of Spatio-Temporal Systems with Heterogeneous Activity; Application to Spread of Valley Fever Fungus: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1241, 109 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091241.","productDescription":"109 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":660,"text":"Western Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1241.jpg"},{"id":13157,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1241/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698b0f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jammalamadaka, Rajanikanth","contributorId":39901,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jammalamadaka","given":"Rajanikanth","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303788,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97985,"text":"fs20093081 - 2009 - Alabama Water Use, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"fs20093081","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3081","title":"Alabama Water Use, 2005","docAbstract":"Water is one of Alabama's most precious natural resources. It is a vital component of human existence and essential to the overall quality of life. Wise stewardship of this valuable resource depends on a continuing assessment of water availability and water use. Population growth in many parts of the State has resulted in increased competition for available water resources. This competition includes offstream uses, such as residential, agricultural, and industrial, and instream uses for maintenance of species habitat and diversity, navigation, power generation, recreation, and water quality. Accurate water-use information is required for sound management decisions within this competitive framework and is necessary for a more comprehensive understanding of the link between water use, water supply, and overall water availability. A study of water use during 2005 was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs, Office of Water Resources, Water Management Branch (ADECA-OWR), to provide water-use data for local and State water managers. The results of the study about the amount of water used, how it was used, and where it was used in Alabama have been published in 'Estimated use of water in Alabama in 2005' by Hutson and others, 2009, and is accessible on the Web at http://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5163 and available upon request as a CD-ROM through USGS and ADECA-OWR.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alabama Department of Economic and Community Affairs Office of Water Resources","usgsCitation":"Hutson, S.S., Littlepage, T.M., Harper, M.J., and Tinney, J.O., 2009, Alabama Water Use, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3081, 6 p.; Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093081.","productDescription":"6 p.; Available online and on CD-ROM","costCenters":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125417,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3081.jpg"},{"id":13161,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -88.5,30.166666666666668 ], [ -88.5,35 ], [ -84.83333333333333,35 ], [ -84.83333333333333,30.166666666666668 ], [ -88.5,30.166666666666668 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adeb5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hutson, Susan S. sshutson@usgs.gov","contributorId":2040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutson","given":"Susan","email":"sshutson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Littlepage, Thomas M.","contributorId":55542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littlepage","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Harper, Michael J.","contributorId":63904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harper","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinney, James O.","contributorId":104175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinney","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97975,"text":"ds475 - 2009 - Bathymetry and Near-River Topography of the Naches and Yakima Rivers at Union Gap and Selah Gap, Yakima County, Washington, August 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ds475","displayToPublicDate":"2009-11-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"475","title":"Bathymetry and Near-River Topography of the Naches and Yakima Rivers at Union Gap and Selah Gap, Yakima County, Washington, August 2008","docAbstract":"Yakima County is collaborating with the Bureau of Reclamation on a study of the hydraulics and sediment-transport in the lower Naches River and in the Yakima River between Union Gap and Selah Gap in Washington. River bathymetry and topographic data of the river channels are needed for the study to construct hydraulic models. River survey data were available for most of the study area, but river bathymetry and near-river topography were not available for Selah Gap, near the confluence of the Naches and Yakima Rivers, and for Union Gap. In August 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey surveyed the areas where data were not available. If possible, the surveys were made with a boat-mounted, single-beam echo sounder attached to a survey-grade Real-Time Kinematic (RTK) global positioning system (GPS). An RTK GPS rover was used on a walking survey of the river banks, shallow river areas, and river bed areas that were impenetrable to the echo sounder because of high densities of macrophytes. After the data were edited, 95,654 bathymetric points from the boat survey with the echo sounder and 1,069 points from the walking survey with the GPS rover were used in the study. The points covered 4.6 kilometers on the Yakima River and 0.6 kilometers on the Naches River. GPS-surveyed points checked within 0.014 to 0.047 meters in the horizontal direction and -0.036 to 0.078 meters in the vertical direction compared to previously established survey control points","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds475","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Yakima County","usgsCitation":"Mastin, M.C., and Fosness, R., 2009, Bathymetry and Near-River Topography of the Naches and Yakima Rivers at Union Gap and Selah Gap, Yakima County, Washington, August 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 475, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds475.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","temporalStart":"2008-08-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125396,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_475.jpg"},{"id":13153,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/475/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.58333333333333,46.5 ], [ -120.58333333333333,46.75 ], [ -120.41666666666667,46.75 ], [ -120.41666666666667,46.5 ], [ -120.58333333333333,46.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5fe4b07f02db634add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, M. C.","contributorId":90782,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosness, R.L.","contributorId":47887,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fosness","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}