We surveyed for Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) at five survey areas within the City of Carlsbad Preserve, Carlsbad, California, in 2025. Three flycatcher surveys were completed between May 16 and June 30, 2025. One transient flycatcher was observed at the Lake Calavera survey area in the City of Carlsbad Preserve in 2025.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1223","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Allen, L.D., and Kus, B.E., 2026, Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus) surveys at the city of Carlsbad Preserve, San Diego County, California—2025 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1223,\n12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1223.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","numberOfPages":"12","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-182732","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501298,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/images"},{"id":501297,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/dr1223.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"DR 1223 XML"},{"id":501296,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1223/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DR 1223 HTML"},{"id":501295,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/dr1223.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1223 PDF"},{"id":501294,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1223/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"San Diego County","otherGeospatial":"City of Carlsbad Preserve","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.377308461014,\n 33.193661270823796\n ],\n [\n -117.377308461014,\n 33.10266370263524\n ],\n [\n -117.25583692207024,\n 33.10266370263524\n ],\n [\n -117.25583692207024,\n 33.193661270823796\n ],\n [\n -117.377308461014,\n 33.193661270823796\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
We surveyed for Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus; vireo), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica; gnatcatcher) at the Carbon Canyon Dam study area near Brea, California, in 2025. Four gnatcatcher and vireo surveys were completed between April 22 and June 25, 2025, and three flycatcher surveys were completed between May 15 and June 25, 2025.
We detected 14 territorial male vireos, 12 of which were paired. We also detected a transient vireo. Juvenile vireos were observed in two territories during surveys. Of the five vireo nests incidentally located during surveys, three were parasitized by Brown-headed Cowbirds (Molothrus ater). Vireos were reported in four habitat types: (1) mixed willow riparian, (2) riparian scrub, (3) upland, and (4) non-native vegetation. The dominant tree species in vireo territories was Goodding’s black willow (Salix gooddingii). Most vireo territories (12) were in habitat with greater than 50-percent native vegetation. The most common exotic species in vireo territories was poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). No flycatchers or gnatcatchers were observed during surveys.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1221","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2026, Distribution and abundance of Least Bell’s Vireos (Vireo bellii pusillus), Southwestern Willow Flycatchers (Empidonax traillii extimus), and Coastal California Gnatcatchers (Polioptila californica californica) at the Carbon Canyon Dam, Orange County, California—2025 data summary: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1221, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1221.","productDescription":"vi, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"11","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-183132","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501287,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501288,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/dr1221.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1221 PDF"},{"id":501289,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1221/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"DR 1221 HTML"},{"id":501290,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/dr1221.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"DR 1221 XML"},{"id":501291,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1221/images"}],"country":"Unted States","state":"California","county":"Orange County","otherGeospatial":"Carbon Canyon Dam","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.84688454153519,\n 33.92960059426852\n ],\n [\n -117.84688454153519,\n 33.904524714665456\n ],\n [\n -117.81718931471414,\n 33.904524714665456\n ],\n [\n -117.81718931471414,\n 33.92960059426852\n ],\n [\n -117.84688454153519,\n 33.92960059426852\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
Methane is a potent greenhouse gas that plays an important role in atmospheric chemistry and global warming. The current global methane budget has large uncertainties, and a better understanding of the budget would help to guide strategies for reducing anthropogenic emissions to fight climate change. Natural geologic methane emissions are a particularly poorly constrained source, with top-down estimates from 14C in ice cores suggesting much lower geologic emissions than bottom-up scaling of direct flux measurements. Our study aims to contribute to resolving this discrepancy through improved bottom-up characterization of geologic methane seepage in the San Juan Basin in southwestern Colorado and northwestern New Mexico, USA. We performed 983 new flux chamber measurements in this basin during summer 2022 and winter 2023 field campaigns. Our results, in combination with prior measurements, suggest that natural seepage in the San Juan Basin only occurs on or near the Fruitland coal outcrop. Specifically, our new measurements confirm previous measurements of seepage along the northwestern exposure of the Fruitland outcrop in Colorado (a known hydrodynamic overpressure region) and for the first time, identified seepage locations along the southernmost Fruitland outcrop exposure in New Mexico, in association with a coal cleat and a fault. Overall, seepage along the Fruitland coal outcrop is heterogeneously distributed, with both positive and negative (interpreted as microbial soil sink) methane fluxes. Features that are hypothesized to be predictive of seepage (e.g., faults) were not associated with positive methane fluxes in areas outside of the Fruitland outcrop. Our best estimate for total geologic methane seepage in the San Juan Basin from spatial interpolation and statistical upscaling is approximately 0.14 Tg CH4/yr, with a range from 0.029 to 0.48 Tg CH4/yr. This best-estimate value is lower than a previous bottom-up estimate from a gridded seepage inventory, but higher than a previous top-down estimate.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","doi":"10.1525/elementa.2025.00061","usgsCitation":"Scholer, M., Hall, K.R., Weber, T.S., Buursink, M., Zhu, M., Ihle, A.C., Hencmann, D., Smith, A.M., Anthony, K.W., and Petrenko, V.V., 2026, Bottom-up characterization of geologic methane emissions in the San Juan Basin in the southwestern USA: Elementa: Science of the Anthropocene, v. 14, no. 1, 00061, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00061.","productDescription":"00061, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-172178","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502089,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2025.00061","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502013,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado, New Mexico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.5689454607876,\n 37.40107713040729\n ],\n [\n -108.82473788846157,\n 37.40107713040729\n ],\n [\n -108.85098927466855,\n 35.182844028063656\n ],\n [\n -106.5837118655294,\n 35.193551773194685\n ],\n [\n -106.5689454607876,\n 37.40107713040729\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"14","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Scholer, Margaret","contributorId":369198,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scholer","given":"Margaret","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hall, Kathleen R.","contributorId":365776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hall","given":"Kathleen","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weber, Thomas S.","contributorId":369199,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Thomas","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buursink, Marc L. 0000-0001-6491-386X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6491-386X","contributorId":203357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buursink","given":"Marc L.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Zhu, Mingzhe","contributorId":365779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhu","given":"Mingzhe","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ihle, Alexander C.","contributorId":369200,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ihle","given":"Alexander","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Hencmann, Devin","contributorId":369202,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hencmann","given":"Devin","affiliations":[{"id":87736,"text":"Ensolum, LLC, Durango, CO 81301","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Smith, Andrew M.","contributorId":369204,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Andrew","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":87737,"text":"Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Sydney, Australia, NSW 2234","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Anthony, Katey W.","contributorId":369205,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anthony","given":"Katey","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":87218,"text":"University of Alaska Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK 99775-5910","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Petrenko, Vasilii V.","contributorId":365781,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Petrenko","given":"Vasilii","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":87217,"text":"Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14627","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70274581,"text":"70274581 - 2026 - Constraining source and path effects of large magnitude earthquakes using ground motion simulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T17:30:17.899683","indexId":"70274581","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T10:24:20","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Constraining source and path effects of large magnitude earthquakes using ground motion simulations","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study is to use ground‐motion simulations to investigate ways in which source and path effects for large‐magnitude earthquakes can be represented in nonergodic ground‐motion models (GMMs). To achieve this, we designed a ground‐motion study in the San Francisco Bay Area that includes earthquakes with a broad range of magnitudes distributed uniformly on a fault plane, and sites covering a large range of rupture distances and azimuths. After running a large suite of kinematic simulations (magnitude 4–7), we then develop a nonergodic GMM with the simulated data. We find that trends in the within‐site residuals are affected significantly by the earthquake radiation pattern, rupture directivity, and slip patterns. Next, we modify an existing rupture directivity model to fit and remove the observed radiation pattern and rupture directivity from the residuals. We also minimize the contributions of slip patterns by averaging the within‐site residuals among multiple source realizations. Finally, after removing the source effects from the within‐site residuals, we compare the path effects computed with different magnitude groups using two approaches. The first approach only considers the small events that have the same shortest path to a site as the large events, whereas the second approach considers all small events on the fault plane. The results indicate that it is difficult to satisfactorily approximate the path effects of large events with those of small events using either approach, at least in the case of simulations.
","language":"English","publisher":"GeoScienceWorld","doi":"10.1785/0120250161","usgsCitation":"Meng, X., Graves, R., and Goulet, C.A., 2026, Constraining source and path effects of large magnitude earthquakes using ground motion simulations: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250161.","productDescription":"19 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180707","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501956,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Northern California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124.17098655449547,\n 39.4081868475823\n ],\n [\n -124.17098655449547,\n 36.13153010429927\n ],\n [\n -120.37323428562047,\n 36.13153010429927\n ],\n [\n -120.37323428562047,\n 39.4081868475823\n ],\n [\n -124.17098655449547,\n 39.4081868475823\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Meng, Xiaofeng","contributorId":350798,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Meng","given":"Xiaofeng","affiliations":[{"id":13249,"text":"University of Southern California","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Graves, Robert 0000-0001-9758-453X rwgraves@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-453X","contributorId":140738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Robert","email":"rwgraves@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Goulet, Christine A 0000-0002-7643-357X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7643-357X","contributorId":336587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goulet","given":"Christine","email":"","middleInitial":"A","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274203,"text":"ofr20261067 - 2026 - Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T15:40:49.693596","indexId":"ofr20261067","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-19T10:00:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1067","displayTitle":"Field Performance Evaluation of a Bayluscide 20-Percent Suspension Concentrate Formulation","title":"Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation","docAbstract":"Petromyzon marinus (sea lamprey) is a parasitic, invasive fish of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Since the late 1950s, the Great Lakes Fishery Commission has implemented an integrated Sea Lamprey Control Program (SLCP) that relies on two lampricidal chemicals: 3-(trifluoromethyl)-4-nitrophenol (TFM) and niclosamide. Niclosamide is applied using a bayluscide 20-percent emulsifiable concentrate; however, a solvent in this formulation, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, has been linked with worker safety concerns and has contributed to equipment degradation and clogging. To address these limitations, the U.S. Geological Survey, in collaboration with Battelle UK, developed a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate (SC) as a potential alternative formulation.
In this study, we evaluated the field performance of SC on the Indian River in Schoolcraft County, Michigan. The objective was to assess the formulation’s compatibility with SLCP application procedures and equipment, and to determine its ability to deliver precise lampricide concentrations in a timely manner. SC was found to dilute easily with stream water and readily combined with TFM. As a result, target lampricide concentrations in the stream were achieved within 1 hour of initiating delivery. Moreover, concentrations remained within 9 percent of target values, with less than 2 percent variation across the width of the stream, demonstrating consistent and uniform distribution. These findings indicate that SC can support accurate and timely lampricide applications. When considered alongside previous research highlighting its favorable selectivity for sea lamprey and improved environmental safety, the results support the pursuit of registration and adoption of SC as a new tool for controlling invasive sea lamprey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261067","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service Sea Lamprey Control Program","usgsCitation":"Carmosini, N., Schueller, J.R., Kirkeeng, C.A., Wood, A.M., Criger, L.A., and Luoma, J.A., 2026, Field performance evaluation of a bayluscide 20-percent suspension concentrate formulation (ver. 1.1, March 19, 2026): U.S. Geological\nSurvey Open-File Report 2026–1067, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261067.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 9; Data Release","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177724","costCenters":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500972,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":500976,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/images/"},{"id":500975,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/ofr20261067.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 XML"},{"id":500973,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/ofr20261067.pdf","size":"961 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 PDF"},{"id":500974,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261067/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1067 HTML"},{"id":500977,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1ZIEH77","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Evaluation of bayluscide 20% suspension concentrate formulation field performance (Indian River, Schoolcraft County, MI)"},{"id":501267,"rank":7,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1067/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"1 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","county":"Schoolcraft County","otherGeospatial":"Indian River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.98\n ],\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.97\n ],\n [\n -86.23,\n 45.97\n ],\n [\n -86.23,\n 45.98\n ],\n [\n -86.25,\n 45.98\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0: March 17, 2026; Version 1.1: March 19, 2026","contact":"Center Director, Upper Midwest Ecological Sciences Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2630 Fanta Reed Road
La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603
This report presents a new three-dimensional geologic framework model (GFM) of the northern Great Plains region, encompassing parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. The model provides a regionally consistent, geographic information system (GIS)-ready representation of Phanerozoic sedimentary strata, major fault systems, and Precambrian basement geometry across two sedimentary basins and adjacent uplifts. More than 300,000 geologic and geophysical data inputs were synthesized to model 41 stratigraphic horizons and 47 faults, yielding an internally coherent, sealed-volume interpretation of the subsurface. The modeling workflow developed for this study demonstrates an efficient and scalable approach for constructing basin-to regional-scale GFMs in geologically complex and data-variable settings. Although model fidelity varies with data density and quality, the resulting geometry is broadly consistent with 1:500,000-scale geologic mapping and highlights areas where additional geologic study is most needed. The three-dimensional GFM provides a foundational framework to support groundwater, energy, and mineral resource assessments, and offers a transferable methodology for potential future U.S. Geological Survey efforts to build large-area subsurface models in underexplored regions of the United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265127","programNote":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","usgsCitation":"Spangler, L.R., 2026, A three-dimensional geologic framework model of the northern Great Plains region of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming, USA: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5127, 51 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265127.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; 7 Plates: 40.15 x 40.82 inches: 2 Data Releases","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-169097","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501226,"rank":11,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127_plate07.pdf","text":"Plate 7","size":"5.55 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127 Plate 7","linkHelpText":"Elevation from Sea Level for the Uppermost Horizon of the Pierre Shale Unit Produced in the Three-Dimensional Geologic Model"},{"id":501225,"rank":10,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127_plate06.pdf","text":"Plate 6","size":"3.43 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127 Plate 6","linkHelpText":"Elevation from Sea Level for the Uppermost Horizon of the Greenhorn Formation Unit Produced in the Three-Dimensional Geologic Model"},{"id":501222,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127_plate03.pdf","text":"Plate 3","size":"5.29 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127 Plate 3","linkHelpText":"Elevation from Sea Level for the Uppermost Horizon of the Madison Group Unit Produced in the Three-Dimensional Geologic Model"},{"id":501221,"rank":6,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127_plate02.pdf","text":"Plate 2","size":"2.80 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127 Plate 2","linkHelpText":"Elevation from Sea Level for the Uppermost Horizon of the Interlake Dolomite Unit Produced in the Three-Dimensional Geologic Model"},{"id":501171,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127_plate01.pdf","text":"Plate 1","size":"6.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Elevation from Sea Level for the Uppermost Horizon of the Precambrian Basement Rock Unit Produced in the Three-Dimensional Geologic Model"},{"id":501168,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5127"},{"id":501398,"rank":14,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index 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Model"},{"id":501167,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501293,"rank":13,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/sir20265127.xml"},{"id":501170,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LK4QHJ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital database of a 3D Geological Model of western South Dakota"},{"id":501169,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13RSCBV","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Digital database of a 3D Geological Model of the Powder River Basin and Williston Basin Regions, USA"},{"id":501292,"rank":12,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5127/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, Wyomng","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.01760304216045,\n 42.18074830613793\n ],\n [\n -104.01940051819325,\n 42.96961821600968\n ],\n [\n -98.65957340563033,\n 43.01299991081737\n ],\n [\n -99.41029713935428,\n 43.66615176363095\n ],\n [\n -100.24117083870094,\n 43.8917209316659\n ],\n [\n -100.29375040573721,\n 44.247038889450664\n ],\n [\n -100.71263038522197,\n 44.71498675029835\n ],\n [\n -100.34267561847032,\n 44.95949891843\n ],\n [\n -100.6445391698451,\n 46.899090456327855\n ],\n [\n -100.38858240463932,\n 49.00440688663221\n ],\n [\n -102.17174745521996,\n 48.97955071277116\n ],\n [\n -104.10285947693174,\n 47.15382556530247\n ],\n [\n -106.00020337189423,\n 45.73378363240559\n ],\n [\n -105.44163962196222,\n 42.4720968180645\n ],\n [\n -104.01760304216045,\n 42.18074830613793\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-980
Denver, CO 80225-0046
This report presents a new three-dimensional map of underground rock layers and faults in the northern Great Plains, covering parts of Montana, North Dakota, South Dakota, and Wyoming. The model was built from thousands of data points collected from wells, maps, and geophysical surveys. It shows the shape, depth, and thickness of multiple rock layers—many of which are important for water, energy, and mineral resources. The map helps scientists, land managers, and decisionmakers better understand the region’s subsurface geology. This work also shows that reliable geologic models can be made even in areas with limited data, using a repeatable method that can be applied in other underexplored areas.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spangler, Leland R. 0000-0002-2223-7047","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2223-7047","contributorId":295310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spangler","given":"Leland","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70274325,"text":"70274325 - 2026 - Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-26T19:40:22.332984","indexId":"70274325","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T12:36:18","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides","docAbstract":"The deep critical zone (CZ) has long been recognized for its importance in influencing shallow landslides but was not considered feasible to include in slope stability models at the watershed scale. In this study, we demonstrate that simple approximations of the CZ in a fully coupled hydrologic and soil slope stability model can effectively capture the location, timing, and likely size of shallow landslides. To achieve this, we use coupled, process-based models that incorporate the effects of 1) deep CZ structures, 2) three-dimensional transient hydrology, and 3) multidimensional slope stability, calibrated with data from an intensively monitored field site. Our results show that the hydrologically active deep CZ guides groundwater flow, influencing where it drains from or exfiltrates to the soil mantle, producing distinct patterns of soil saturation and seepage forces at the soil-bedrock boundary. Deep conductive weathered critical zone drains the soil mantle, reducing the likelihood of destabilizing pore pressures, while the downslope thinning of the CZ forces groundwater to the surface. This creates localized instability and a tendency for similar-sized landslides across the landscape. In contrast, the absence of conductive weathered bedrock results in more widespread destabilizing pore pressures, leading to larger landslides and the likelihood of landslides earlier in a storm than in landscapes underlain by a deep CZ. Our findings suggest that first-order variations of deep CZ can provide physical explanations for variations observed in the susceptibility, magnitude, and timing of shallow landslides, and that CZ structure may be inferred from patterns and timing of landsliding.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2524542123","usgsCitation":"Moon, S., Formetta, G., Higa, J.T., Busti, R., Bellugi, D.G., Milledge, D.G., Ebel, B., and Dietrich, W.E., 2026, Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 123, no. 12, e2524542123, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524542123.","productDescription":"e2524542123, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159353","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524542123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Seulgi 0000-0001-5207-1781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1781","contributorId":264625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Seulgi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Formetta, Giuseppe 0000-0002-0252-1462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-1462","contributorId":210296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Formetta","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38100,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higa, Justin T.","contributorId":367913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higa","given":"Justin","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busti, Riccardo","contributorId":367914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busti","given":"Riccardo","affiliations":[{"id":25322,"text":"University of Trento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bellugi, Dino G.","contributorId":367915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellugi","given":"Dino","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milledge, David G.","contributorId":367916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milledge","given":"David","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":367923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70274194,"text":"sir20265143 - 2026 - Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T13:54:51.847251","indexId":"sir20265143","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T12:21:23","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5143","displayTitle":"Urban Stormwater Treatment Using Biofiltration—Variable Performance Across Solids, Nutrients, Major Ions, and Metals","title":"Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals","docAbstract":"Urban runoff from streets and parking lots carries pollutants that degrade receiving waters. Green infrastructure, such as biofilters, is increasingly used to treat this runoff by mimicking natural hydrologic processes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, evaluated a biofilter receiving roadway runoff from an industrial area in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, over a 3-year period (2022–24). Paired inlet and outlet samples were analyzed for changes in runoff volume, peak discharge, and concentrations of solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals. The biofilter reduced runoff volume by 86 percent and peak discharge by 92 percent, with substantial reductions in total suspended solids (99 percent), total phosphorus (86 percent), and particulate metals (greater than 80 percent for most analytes). However, dissolved constituents showed variable performance; dissolved phosphorus and several metals exhibited net export, likely influenced by media composition, redox conditions, and winter road salt inputs. Sodium export, despite stable chloride loads, suggests cation exchange and seasonal release dynamics. These findings highlight limitations of conventional biofilter designs for dissolved pollutants and underscore the need for improved media, vegetation management, and consideration of winter deicing practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Romano, J., 2026, Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5143, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265143.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-179736","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/sir20265143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5143"},{"id":500781,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/sir20265143.XML"},{"id":500782,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/images/"},{"id":500783,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265143/full"},{"id":500784,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13E8BMK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water quality concentration and load data for a biofilter at Green Tech Station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 2022–24"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"Green Tech Station stormwater plaza","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.092593420276046\n ],\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.09035056067961\n ],\n [\n -87.9520609229932,\n 43.09035056067961\n ],\n [\n -87.9520609229932,\n 43.092593420276046\n ],\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.092593420276046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Urban stormwater runoff can carry sediment, nutrients, salts, and metals into nearby rivers and lakes, contributing to flooding and water-quality problems. To reduce these impacts, communities are increasingly using shallow, planted systems called biofilters to capture and soak up runoff. This study evaluates how well a biofilter in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, performed over three years and what its results mean for managing stormwater in urban areas.
The biofilter was highly effective at managing stormwater volume and flow. On average, it reduced the amount of runoff leaving the site by 86 percent and reduced peak flow rates by 92 percent. These reductions help lower the risk of flooding downstream, especially during heavy rain.
The biofilter also worked very well at removing pollutants attached to soil and debris. Nearly all suspended sediment was removed, and total phosphorus was reduced by more than 80 percent. Most metals attached to sediment, such as lead and copper, were also greatly reduced. These results show that biofilters are reliable tools for controlling particulate forms of pollutants from roads, even when sediment loads are high.
However, the biofilter was less effective at treating dissolved phase pollutants. For example, dissolved phosphorus and several dissolved metals, including iron and manganese, were often higher in water leaving the biofilter than in water entering it. Sodium, a major component of road salt, was also released from the system at times. Export of dissolved phase pollutants from the biofilter likely reflects interactions between runoff, organic material in the soil, and winter deicing practices. Improving soil mixtures, managing vegetation, and reducing salt inputs may help biofilters better protect urban water quality in the future.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romano, James 0000-0002-1885-2178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-2178","contributorId":366936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274237,"text":"sir20265131 - 2026 - Investigation of fish communities in natural channel sections of the Mohawk River, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-03T18:11:49.366755","indexId":"sir20265131","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T11:18:07","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5131","displayTitle":"Investigation of Fish Communities in Natural Channel Sections of the Mohawk River, New York","title":"Investigation of fish communities in natural channel sections of the Mohawk River, New York","docAbstract":"Little is known about the natural resources in the natural channel sections of the Mohawk River between Rome and Frankfort, New York, where the river channel runs separately from and parallel to the Erie Canal. This river section runs through multiple locations that are listed as active remediation sites under New York’s Inactive Hazardous Waste Disposal Site Program and has negligible public or commercial access. As a result, there is minimal recreational usage of this river section, and efforts to conduct biological sampling have been limited. To better understand the composition of fish communities and contaminant concentrations in the natural channel of the Mohawk River, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, sampled resident fish in the 34- kilometer section from the mouth of Oriskany Creek downstream to Frankfort. Fish communities were sampled using boat electrofishing during 2021, 2023, and 2024 across multiple reaches within this section. These data were used to estimate species richness (number of species), relative abundance and biomass (catch rates), population size structure (distribution of lengths), and fish condition (a proxy for health). Some gamefish specimens were also analyzed to determine contaminant concentrations in fish tissue.
A total of 1,531 individual fish and 38 fish species were captured across all surveys. Seventeen of the 38 (45 percent) species were classified as native to the Mohawk River watershed, whereas 21 of the 38 (55 percent) species were classified as nonnative. Some popular gamefish species such as largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) and smallmouth bass (Micropterus dolomieu) were abundant in most reaches, whereas others such as walleye (Sander vitreus) and northern pike (Esox lucius) were found sporadically. Only one round goby (Neogobius melanostomus) was captured, indicating that this high- profile invasive species remains uncommon in this habitat. A backwater reach had the greatest relative abundance and condition of many species. This indicates connected lentic habitats such as oxbows and backwaters may be important nursery and refuge areas in the aquatic ecosystem.
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) concentrations in fish tissue were highly elevated relative to the New York State Department of Health (NYSDOH) fish consumption “don’t eat” advisory guideline. Some specimens exceeded the guideline by an order of magnitude or more, particularly those from a localized area downstream from the Utica Harbor Dam. Concentrations of perfluorooctanesulfonic acid (PFOS) often approached the NYSDOH “don’t eat” consumption guideline but only one sample exceeded the guideline. Concentrations of other contaminants such as mercury and pesticides were consistently measured at less than the “don’t eat” consumption guidelines. These data indicate PCBs remain the primary contaminant of concern in the natural channel of the Mohawk River and are readily bioaccumulating in aquatic organisms despite prior remediation measures. Taken together, the findings in this report are intended to inform future decisions related to fisheries management, public access, recreational usage, and fish consumption advisories.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265131","collaboration":"New York State Department of Environmental Conservation","usgsCitation":"George, S.D., Sadekoski, T.R., Darling, M.J., Baldigo, B.P., Wells, S.M., Erway, D.B., Conine, A.L., Becker, J.C., and Dieterle, K.J., 2026, Investigation of fish communities in natural channel sections of the Mohawk River, New York:\nU.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5131, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265131.","productDescription":"Report: ix, 20 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-177241","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502179,"rank":7,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265131/full","text":"HTML Document","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2025-5131 HTML"},{"id":501404,"rank":6,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119322.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":501254,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13JVPW7","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Fish Community Data from Natural Channel Sections of the Mohawk River, NY (ver. 1.1, January 2026)"},{"id":501252,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/sir20265131.XML","description":"SIR 2026-5131 XML"},{"id":501250,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/sir20265131.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.94 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5131"},{"id":501253,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/images"},{"id":501249,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5131/coverthb.jpg","linkHelpText":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/manager/#links-pane"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Mohawk River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.00127321730884,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -75.00127321730884,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -75.333,\n 43.1667\n ],\n [\n -75.333,\n 43\n ],\n [\n -75.00127321730884,\n 43\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New York Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
425 Jordan Road
Troy, NY 12180–8349
Collaborative governance structures (CGS) have been increasingly adopted to address joint-jurisdictional management challenges. While the establishment of CGSs has been widely studied, their practical development has remained a conspicuous gap. CGSs are variable systems with several developmental stages (activation, collectivity, and institutionalization) which eventually lead to stabilization, decline, re-creation, or re-orientation. CGSs in decline may need to revisit earlier developmental stages if members choose to re-create or re-orient the structure. The Atlantic Salmon Recovery Framework (ASRF) was the CGS responsible for managing the Gulf of Maine Distinct Population Segment of Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar) from 2011 until 2019 when it was replaced by the Collaborative Management Strategy (CMS) pilot program. The CMS was designed to address concerns identified in the ASRF; 1. slow and ineffective decision-making, 2. confusion surrounding leadership, and 3. low adaptive capacity. Building upon a previous evaluation of the ASRF, we used a parallel design to compare the structural components and participant perceptions of the two structures using a comparative case study methodology. The changes that occurred between the ASRF and the CMS constitute a re-creation, providing a unique opportunity to study this developmental phase of a CGS. The issues observed in the CMS may result from a misalignment between participant expectations and the current developmental stage of the re-created CGS. The CMS reorganized ASRF members and created roles for participants without direct management jurisdiction. The implementation of the CMS addressed many concerns identified in the ASRF while others remained (i.e., high membership uncertainty and confusion surrounding decision-making procedures). Formal leadership roles have created more equal representation, but participants still reported uncertainty regarding status and formalization of non-leadership roles.
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Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Zydlewski, Joseph D. 0000-0002-2255-2303 jzydlewski@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2255-2303","contributorId":2004,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zydlewski","given":"Joseph","email":"jzydlewski@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":958581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274594,"text":"70274594 - 2026 - Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-01T17:06:24.458043","indexId":"70274594","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T09:53:12","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2842,"text":"Nature Communications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery","docAbstract":"A fundamental challenge in conservation is assessing the efficacy of recovery actions to optimize endangered species management. Considerable recent attention has focused on effective measures to counter the endangerment of avian scavengers, which have declined worldwide, primarily due to poisoning. One iconic example is efforts to recover the critically endangered California condor (Gymnogyps californianus), whose leading cause of death is poisoning from ingesting lead-based ammunition in carcasses. Despite enormous resources expended in California, USA, including implementation of public outreach campaigns and two legislative bans on lead ammunition, lead-related mortality of condors has increased. Here we show that two types of behavioral shifts explain the observed increases in condor lead exposure: wilder foraging and ranging by condors and increased shooting of wild pigs (Sus scrofa) by humans. After accounting for these trends, we show that both lead ammunition bans and public outreach efforts have significantly reduced condor blood lead levels in California, lowering mortality. Our analyses uncover a dynamic in which changing ecological conditions mask the true efficacy of legislation and outreach. Given rapid global change, such dynamics are likely operating in many settings, underscoring the importance of comprehensive evaluations of recovery actions, which can be obscured by shifting behaviors and threats.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1038/s41467-026-69617-4","usgsCitation":"Bakker, V.J., Doak, D.F., Welch, A., Burnett, L., Porras Peña, M.C., Brandt, J., Poessel, S.A., Kirkland, S., Wolstenholme, R., Ryan, D., Stake, M., Punzalan, A., Vilchis, N., Braham, M.A., and Finkelstein, M.E., 2026, Behavioral shifts mask the success of legislation and outreach for endangered species recovery: Nature Communications, no. 17, 1819, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69617-4.","productDescription":"1819, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179032","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502051,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-026-69617-4","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501954,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Baja California, California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.76371371072838,\n 37.61228020369509\n ],\n [\n -117.05805204693235,\n 29.393821450671695\n ],\n [\n -113.48068213234063,\n 29.521683607477\n ],\n [\n -115.99645808970025,\n 34.83642347081334\n ],\n [\n -119.05465886480684,\n 38.10068387191136\n ],\n [\n -122.76371371072838,\n 37.61228020369509\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","issue":"17","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bakker, Victoria J.","contributorId":369092,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bakker","given":"Victoria","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":36555,"text":"Montana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Doak, Daniel F.","contributorId":369093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Doak","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13693,"text":"University of Colorado Boulder","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Welch, Alacia","contributorId":206083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Welch","given":"Alacia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37236,"text":"Pinnacles National Park","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958437,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Burnett, L. 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While traditional metrics like air temperature (Tair) and satellite-derived surface temperature dominate urban heat studies, these measures often fail to reflect how people actually experience thermal exposure intensity. More human-oriented metrics, such as mean radiant temperature (MRT), and the wet bulb globe temperature (WBGT), better capture this lived experience, particularly at locations where people are likely to encounter outdoor heat, such as bus stops. Human demographics further complicate heat exposure, as access to cooling resources like trees and greenspaces can vary by neighborhood income. Our study addresses these complications by collecting thermal data across 60 commuting locations in Denver, Colorado in the summer. We evaluate (1) the extent to which more human-oriented metrics capture thermal exposure compared to Tair and LST, and (2) how heat exposure varies by neighborhood income levels. We observed that bus stops in low-income neighborhoods had an MRT increase 2.8 °C compared wealthier neighborhoods, and that income-driven differences in MRT and WBGT strongly depended on bus stop aspect. After accounting for solar orientation, differences in MRT increased to as much as 6.3 °C at north-facing stops. Our results suggest tree canopy shade explains some observed heat exposure patterns, with south facing bus stops seeing a MRT and WBGT decrease of 0.42 °C and 0.11 °C from a percent increase in tree canopy. Interestingly, depending on bus stop aspect, nearby buildings can increase MRT and WBGT (facing east), or decrease MRT and WBGT (facing south) If planners aim to address this issue, consideration of bus stops, and land covers configuration may help.
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These pressures are especially acute in arid and semi-arid regions, where eco-hydrologic connectivity is fragile and recovery is slow. This study quantifies the efficacy of nature-based solutions, particularly the ‘Zeedyk approach,’ which employs low-tech Natural Infrastructure in Dryland Streams (NIDS)—including rock detention structures—to slow surface water, raise groundwater tables, and restore wetland function at a spring-fed wetland in Cebolla Canyon, New Mexico, U.S.A. Our results depict a Restoration Feedback Loop that captures stages of change from a healthy wetland in 1935, altered by 20th-century agriculture and grazing, to the re-establishment of the historical flow regime by 2024 documented through an 89-year archive of aerial imagery (1935–2024). By the end of our study period, the Spring-Fed Wetland had expanded by roughly 229% of the original 1935 area, to 4.13 ha. Using 40 years of satellite data, we assess changes in vegetation and hydrology with remote sensing indices. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal significant increases in vegetation greenness and wetness, particularly in an Expanded Wetland subregion, which exhibited ∼3.5x higher wetness and ∼1.5x higher greenness trends compared to adjacent areas. Monthly metrics highlight seasonal variability, with increases in greenness linked to monsoonal rainfall and lateral water redistribution, indicating that restoration impacts extend beyond the primary wetland. This study demonstrates the utility of cloud-based platforms like Google Earth Engine and USGS EarthExplorer for long-term monitoring of wetland restoration, while quantifying the efficacy of the ‘Zeedyk approach’ and demonstrating its potential as a scalable method to restore and conserve wetland meadows in other arid and semi-arid landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R.E., Norman, L., McGraw, M., Carson, S., Sponholtz, C., Weber, C., and Zeedyk, B.D., 2026, Regreening, restoring, and reconnecting a southwestern wetland ecosystem – the Zeedyk wetland: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 42, 101964, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964.","productDescription":"101964, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181171","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cebolla Creek Restoration Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 35.144508927313936\n ],\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 34.9960395169455\n ],\n [\n -107.84876055969504,\n 34.9960395169455\n ],\n [\n -107.84876055969504,\n 35.144508927313936\n ],\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 35.144508927313936\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGraw, Maryann","contributorId":367703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGraw","given":"Maryann","affiliations":[{"id":87604,"text":"New Mexico Environment Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carson, Steve","contributorId":367704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":87605,"text":"Rangeland Hands, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sponholtz, Craig","contributorId":367705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sponholtz","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":87606,"text":"Watershed Artisans, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, Cameron","contributorId":367706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Cameron","affiliations":[{"id":87607,"text":"Rio Grande Return","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zeedyk, Bill D.","contributorId":367707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeedyk","given":"Bill","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":87608,"text":"Zeedyk Ecological Consulting, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274264,"text":"70274264 - 2026 - Sackung at Bald Eagle ridge, central Colorado: An updated interpretation of ridge-spreading movement, structures, and mechanisms from 50 years (1975–2025) of U.S. Geological Survey research","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T17:32:55.792259","indexId":"70274264","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-17T08:03:37","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1517,"text":"Engineering Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sackung at Bald Eagle ridge, central Colorado: An updated interpretation of ridge-spreading movement, structures, and mechanisms from 50 years (1975–2025) of U.S. Geological Survey research","docAbstract":"Slow gravitational failures of mountain peaks and ridges are poorly understood. Herein, we report on 50 years of studies at a slowly spreading castellate ridge in the Sawatch Range in central Colorado. The orientations of geomorphic-structural features indicate that the fractured Precambrian granitic rock underlying the ridge has extended and spread northwestward toward the formerly glacier-covered Busk Creek valley. Results from surveying, field-based geomorphic-structural mapping using lidar, rock mass quality measurements, a passive seismic survey, and satellite radar provide a major update to research started by U.S. Geological Survey researchers in the 1970s and 1980s. New insights include a recognition that the entire ridge has slowly moved by concurrent sliding along an inferred northwest dipping, compound basal-slip surface (or zone), and through the formation of multiple grabens by normal faulting and flexural toppling along sets of pre-existing fractures that dip moderately (∼45°) to the southeast. We were unable to distinguish the presence of a sudden and strong contrast in seismic velocity across the inferred slip surface. Movement during the 50-year study period has been episodic and gradually decreasing, in correspondence with decreasing cumulative annual precipitation and increasing mean annual air temperatures. The fastest moving area, just upslope from the glacier trimline, had an average horizontal velocity of 3–4 mm/yr. Evidence suggests that movement started as a paraglacial response mechanism, but because of the site’s proximity to the Rio Grande Rift, we cannot exclude earthquake shaking as a mechanism for initiation or enhancement of slope movement. An estimate of longer-term horizontal movement from the exposed basal-slip surface at the uphill side of the ridgetop graben is ∼1.1 mm/yr for the 13–14 ky post-glacial period.
Broad implications of our work are that: (1) long-term measurements (decades or longer) of slope movement can add insights into how sackungen form and evolve through time; (2) the identification of thrust faults and toes in zones of compression near valley bottoms can be crucial for interpreting sackung failure mechanisms, and (3) the use of passive-seismic techniques to identify the depth to a slip surface may not be successful in granitic terrain dominated by planar fractures and subtle changes in rock-mass characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108666","usgsCitation":"Coe, J.A., Avdievitch, N.N., Allstadt, K.E., Collins, E.A., Jensen, E.K., Hoch, O.J., Schaefer, L.N., Ruleman, C.A., Godt, J.W., and Matthews, V., 2026, Sackung at Bald Eagle ridge, central Colorado: An updated interpretation of ridge-spreading movement, structures, and mechanisms from 50 years (1975–2025) of U.S. Geological Survey research: Engineering Geology, v. 366, 108666, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108666.","productDescription":"108666, 32 p.","ipdsId":"IP-156535","costCenters":[{"id":78941,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Landslides / Earthquake Geology","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501686,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.enggeo.2026.108666","text":"Publisher Index 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interface","docAbstract":"Saltwater is migrating into freshwater aquifers globally with water quality and biogeochemical implications, yet saltwater intrusion in glaciated regions is sparsely investigated. Field observations suggest that groundwater head in glaciated systems is influenced by ice sheet forcings and provides evidence that seawater infiltrated into offshore aquifers during past deglaciation events. To understand links between ice sheet dynamics, groundwater head, and saltwater intrusion, we use numerical models to explore the effects of deglaciation on nearshore head and salinity distributions. We find that ice sheet thinning diminishes groundwater head, and the resulting shift in subsurface pressure gradients drives rapid landward movement of the subsurface freshwater-saltwater interface up to 4.0 km or 1.3 m per m ice sheet loss. Results highlight an overlooked saltwater intrusion mechanism that aligns with field observations and affects glaciated coastlines undergoing ice sheet retreat, underscoring the need to consider this mechanism in studies of contemporary coastal water quality.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2025GL120376","usgsCitation":"Guimond, J., Mohammed, A., Kurylyk, B.L., Walvoord, M.A., and Bense, V.F., 2026, Ice sheet dynamics drive pronounced changes in the subsurface freshwater-saltwater interface: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 53, no. 6, e2025GL120376, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2025GL120376.","productDescription":"e2025GL120376, 10 p.","ipdsId":"IP-184772","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501612,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2025gl120376","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501588,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"53","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Guimond, Julia","contributorId":266043,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Guimond","given":"Julia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":24650,"text":"Dalhousie University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957940,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mohammed, Aaron","contributorId":340028,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mohammed","given":"Aaron","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":5082,"text":"Syracuse University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kurylyk, Barret L.","contributorId":176296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kurylyk","given":"Barret","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Walvoord, Michelle A. 0000-0003-4269-8366","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4269-8366","contributorId":211843,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walvoord","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bense, Victor F.","contributorId":248636,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bense","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":37803,"text":"Wageningen University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274271,"text":"70274271 - 2026 - Spatial and temporal geochemical variations of lava flows and tephra deposits from the December 2020 to September 2024 eruptions of Kīlauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T15:58:48.823617","indexId":"70274271","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-16T10:54:53","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Spatial and temporal geochemical variations of lava flows and tephra deposits from the December 2020 to September 2024 eruptions of Kīlauea volcano","docAbstract":"Kīlauea volcano underwent dramatic morphological changes in 2018. That year recorded the end of the 35-year-long eruption of Puʻuʻōʻō (1983–2018) and 10-year-long (2008–2018) Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake and emplacement of the ~4-month-long lower East Rift Zone lava flows that coincided with ~500 m of summit caldera collapse. Starting on December 20, 2020, eruptions resumed at Kīlauea’s summit. There were five summit eruptions between December 2020 and September 2023, which ranged in duration from more than a year to as short as a week. Following these summit eruptions, seismicity and deformation increased in the upper Southwest Rift Zone in 2024, culminating in a ~8.5-h-long eruption in this region on June 3, 2024. Increased seismicity and deformation then shifted to the upper and middle East Rift Zone and after several months culminated in an eruption just west of, and within, Nāpau Crater in the middle East Rift Zone from September 15 to 20, 2024. Despite vast morphological changes at Kīlauea’s summit, the geochemical compositions (i.e., whole rock and glass) that erupted from December 2020 to September 2023 are all remarkably similar to each other. Whole-rock compositions appear distinct from the preceding 2008–2018 Halemaʻumaʻu lava lake and phase 3 (i.e., summit or uprift-derived mafic lavas) of the 2018 lower East Rift Zone lava flows, although glass compositions appear to have more overlap with 2018 lower East Rift Zone glasses. The June 3, 2024, upper Southwest Rift Zone spatter and lava flows exhibit a dramatic enrichment in whole-rock MgO that is not recorded in glass, which reflects accumulation of olivine (e.g., antecrysts or xenocrysts) during dike emplacement, and is consistent with the abundance of olivine in the lava flows (5–10%). June 2024 Southwest Rift Zone whole-rock and glass compositions overlap with those erupted at the summit from December 2020 to September 2023, whereas some whole-rock trace (i.e., Sc, Sr, and Zr) and major elements (i.e., CaO) are suggestive of mixing with a magmatic component that had fractionated plagioclase and pyroxene and/or a new parental magma influencing the summit reservoir system. The September 15–20, 2024, eruption at Nāpau Crater in the middle East Rift Zone involved the most differentiated magma since eruptive activity resumed in December 2020, with its magma fractionating olivine + plagioclase + pyroxene. The September 15–20, 2024, composition resembles Puʻuʻōʻō lava flows that erupted in, or near, Nāpau Crater in 1983 (episode 1), 1997 (episode 54), and 2011 (episode 59), with episode 59 having a compositional cluster that is most similar to that of the September 2024 lava flows. The data presented and provided herein open new research perspectives for long-term analyses of geochemical variations following caldera collapse at Kīlauea volcano and facilitate comparisons with other basaltic caldera systems worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-026-01957-x","usgsCitation":"Downs, D.T., Lynn, K.J., Winslow, H.B., Lundblad, S.P., and Decker, M.F., 2026, Spatial and temporal geochemical variations of lava flows and tephra deposits from the December 2020 to September 2024 eruptions of Kīlauea volcano: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 88, 38, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-026-01957-x.","productDescription":"38","ipdsId":"IP-183556","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501459,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.33139629075612,\n 19.493695096800963\n ],\n [\n -155.33139629075612,\n 19.27430771431321\n ],\n [\n -155.12603194289784,\n 19.27430771431321\n ],\n [\n -155.12603194289784,\n 19.493695096800963\n ],\n [\n -155.33139629075612,\n 19.493695096800963\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"88","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Downs, Drew T. 0000-0002-9056-1404 ddowns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9056-1404","contributorId":173516,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Downs","given":"Drew","email":"ddowns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lynn, Kendra J. 0000-0001-7886-4376","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7886-4376","contributorId":290327,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lynn","given":"Kendra","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Winslow, Heather Brianne 0000-0001-6664-6339","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6664-6339","contributorId":367700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winslow","given":"Heather","middleInitial":"Brianne","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lundblad, Steven P.","contributorId":367701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundblad","given":"Steven","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":81292,"text":"University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Decker, Meghann F.I.","contributorId":367702,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"Meghann","middleInitial":"F.I.","affiliations":[{"id":81292,"text":"University of Hawaiʻi at Hilo","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70274265,"text":"70274265 - 2026 - The U.S. Geological Survey 2025 Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands time-independent earthquake rupture forecast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-25T14:34:58.380005","indexId":"70274265","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-16T10:41:43","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1135,"text":"Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America","onlineIssn":"1943-3573","printIssn":"0037-1106","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The U.S. Geological Survey 2025 Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands time-independent earthquake rupture forecast","docAbstract":"We present the 2025 U.S. Geological Survey Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands (PRVI) time‐independent earthquake rupture forecast (ERF), developed for the 2025 update to the National Seismic Hazard Model (NSHM) for PRVI. The updated ERF improves upon a prior model from 2003, including an expanded fault inventory with slip‐rate estimates, updated seismicity catalogs, and refined subduction zone geometries and deformation models. It applies the fault‐system inversion methodology to solve for rates of ruptures on modeled faults, adapted from the 2023 NSHM (NSHM23) for the western United States, including the first application of the inversion to model rates on a U.S. subduction interface. Off‐fault and intraslab seismicity are constrained by observed seismicity and use updated methods developed for NSHM23. Uncertainties in model components are substantial, and the ERF represents epistemic uncertainties through a comprehensive logic tree consisting of 1.7 billion logic‐tree branches combined across all sources.
","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120250040","usgsCitation":"Milner, K., Hatem, A.E., Briggs, R.W., Jobe, J.A., Llenos, A.L., Michael, A.J., Shumway, A., Field, E.H., and Haynie, K.L., 2026, The U.S. Geological Survey 2025 Puerto Rico and U.S. Virgin Islands time-independent earthquake rupture forecast: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250040.","ipdsId":"IP-182010","costCenters":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501594,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1785/0120250040","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501456,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico, U.S. Virgin Islands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.24473696671367,\n 18.685289557222063\n ],\n [\n -67.45235602937508,\n 17.58915546047696\n ],\n [\n -64.35204786394414,\n 17.642821738727804\n ],\n [\n -64.70746354748341,\n 18.441821463038096\n ],\n [\n -67.24473696671367,\n 18.685289557222063\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Milner, Kevin Ross 0000-0002-9118-6378","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9118-6378","contributorId":352491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin Ross","affiliations":[{"id":78686,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center - Seismology / Geomagnetism","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957460,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hatem, Alexandra Elise 0000-0001-7584-2235","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7584-2235","contributorId":225597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hatem","given":"Alexandra","email":"","middleInitial":"Elise","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957461,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Briggs, Richard W. 0000-0001-8108-0046 rbriggs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8108-0046","contributorId":4136,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Briggs","given":"Richard","email":"rbriggs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957462,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jobe, Jessica Ann Thompson 0000-0001-5574-4523","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-4523","contributorId":295377,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jobe","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"Ann Thompson","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957463,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. 0000-0002-4088-6737 allenos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4088-6737","contributorId":4455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957464,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Michael, Andrew J. 0000-0002-2403-5019 michael@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2403-5019","contributorId":1280,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"Andrew","email":"michael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957465,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Shumway, Allison 0000-0003-1142-7141 ashumway@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1142-7141","contributorId":147862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shumway","given":"Allison","email":"ashumway@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957466,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":52242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward","email":"field@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Haynie, Kirstie Lafon 0000-0001-9930-6736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9930-6736","contributorId":289894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haynie","given":"Kirstie","email":"","middleInitial":"Lafon","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}} ,{"id":70274273,"text":"70274273 - 2026 - Depositional interplay between the Ancestral Rocky Mountains and Ouachita–Marathon–Sonora orogenies: Insights from provenance records in the late Paleozoic Marfa Basin, West Texas, U.S.A.","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T15:40:31.2063","indexId":"70274273","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-16T10:28:17","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":972,"text":"Basin Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Depositional interplay between the Ancestral Rocky Mountains and Ouachita–Marathon–Sonora orogenies: Insights from provenance records in the late Paleozoic Marfa Basin, West Texas, U.S.A.","docAbstract":"The Marfa Basin in West Texas is a late Palaeozoic synorogenic depocenter associated with regional deformation linked to the Ancestral Rocky Mountains (ARM) and Ouachita–Marathon–Sonora (OMS) orogenies in southwestern Laurentia. Basin strata range in age from Middle Pennsylvanian to the middle Permian and include the Cieneguita, Alta, Pinto Canyon, Rose Mine and Mina Grande Formations. Sandstone petrography and detrital zircon (DZ) U–Pb and (U–Th)/He double dating data from these strata reveal three tectonically driven sedimentation stages: syntectonic ARM deposition, progressive OMS foredeep deposition and an orogenic transition. The Cieneguita and lower part of the Alta Formations exhibit a Mesoproterozoic DZ age signature (~1318 and ~1076 Ma age peaks) and quartzo-feldspathic sandstone compositions sourced from the adjacent ARM-related Diablo Platform basement uplift in the Middle Pennsylvanian to earliest Permian. In contrast, the upper part of the Alta Formation, as well as the Pinto Canyon and Rose Mine Formations, have peri-Gondwanan DZ age signatures, with Mesoproterozoic (~1069–1036 Ma age peaks), Neoproterozoic–Cambrian (~700–490 Ma) and Palaeozoic (~490–300 Ma) age modes and litho-quartzose sandstone compositions derived from the OMS fold-and-thrust belt and orogenic hinterland during the early to middle Permian. The lower to middle parts of the Alta Formation have alternating DZ age signatures and sandstone compositions from both ARM and OMS sources, revealing that the transition in the sediment supply occurred during the middle Wolfcampian. This transition was not characterised by source mixing, but rather by sediment interfingering alternately sourced from the Diablo Platform uplift and the advancing OMS belt. These observations are confirmed by the DZ He ages, which reveal distinct cooling histories for both source terranes. These results document a switch from ARM- to OMS-related syntectonic deposition in southwestern Laurentia during the early Permian, demonstrating that ARM-driven deformation largely preceded the continental collision along the Marathon segment of the OMS orogen.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/bre.70098","usgsCitation":"Juárez-Zúñiga, S., Johnson, B.G., Stockli, D.F., and Lawton, T.F., 2026, Depositional interplay between the Ancestral Rocky Mountains and Ouachita–Marathon–Sonora orogenies: Insights from provenance records in the late Paleozoic Marfa Basin, West Texas, U.S.A.: Basin Research, v. 38, no. 2, e70098, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70098.","productDescription":"e70098, 27 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179927","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501454,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","otherGeospatial":"Marfa Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -104.5833,\n 30.0833\n ],\n [\n -104.5833,\n 29.9\n ],\n [\n -104.333,\n 29.9\n ],\n [\n -104.333,\n 30.0833\n ],\n [\n -104.5833,\n 30.0833\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juárez-Zúñiga, Sandra","contributorId":367830,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Juárez-Zúñiga","given":"Sandra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957778,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stockli, Daniel F. 0000-0001-7652-2129","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7652-2129","contributorId":254375,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stockli","given":"Daniel","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":12430,"text":"University of Texas at Austin","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957779,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Johnson, Benjamin G. 0000-0002-9462-9322","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9462-9322","contributorId":270008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957508,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lawton, Timothy F.","contributorId":63866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lawton","given":"Timothy","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957780,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274507,"text":"70274507 - 2026 - Dog attacks on wild desert tortoises: A risk model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T16:38:06.280698","indexId":"70274507","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-16T09:27:50","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Dog attacks on wild desert tortoises: A risk model","docAbstract":"We retrospectively compiled a database of 6,727 live, wild Agassiz's desert tortoises (Gopherus agassizii) and evaluated them for clinical signs of trauma to shell and limbs at 50 sites in the Mojave and Colorado (western Sonoran) deserts of California, USA, spanning the years 1977–2006. Our objectives were to 1) identify tortoises with severe trauma to shell, limbs, and gular horns typically seen in attacks from dogs (Canis familiaris); 2) identify locations where severe injuries occurred; and 3) develop a risk model based on distances of tortoises from settlements, towns, or cities. Our models identified multiple variables of importance for tortoises with severe damage to shells, limbs, and gular horns: relative age and sex of tortoises, decades of occurrence, and location. Females and very old tortoises were more vulnerable to attacks than other tortoises. In the decades between the 1970s and 2000s, the risk of severe overall trauma to shell and limbs increased 4 times and to gular horns 16.5 times. Compared to previous decades, by the early 2000s the percent of tortoises with severe trauma increased exponentially the closer a tortoise site was to a settlement; the exponential increase began at approximately 12 km from a settlement. We suggest that the risks may be higher now because of the growth of human populations within the geographic range of the tortoise. The threats to tortoises from dogs are based on whether dogs are off-leash in the Mojave and Colorado deserts.
","language":"English","publisher":"The Wildlife Society","doi":"10.1002/jwmg.70192","usgsCitation":"Carlson, A.S., Berry, K.H., and Mack, J.S., 2026, Dog attacks on wild desert tortoises: A risk model: Journal of Wildlife Management, e70192, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.70192.","productDescription":"e70192, 22 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177508","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502044,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/jwmg.70192","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501720,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Nevada, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Colorado Desert, Mojave Desert","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -118.54403437504442,\n 37.27173670819484\n ],\n [\n -118.54403437504442,\n 32.70135724857404\n ],\n [\n -113.3861439811104,\n 32.70135724857404\n ],\n [\n -113.3861439811104,\n 37.27173670819484\n ],\n [\n -118.54403437504442,\n 37.27173670819484\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Carlson, Andrea S.","contributorId":368885,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carlson","given":"Andrea","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":87670,"text":"USGS, WERC (former)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berry, Kristin H. 0000-0003-1591-8394 kristin_berry@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1591-8394","contributorId":437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berry","given":"Kristin","email":"kristin_berry@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mack, Jeremy S.","contributorId":368886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mack","given":"Jeremy","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":87670,"text":"USGS, WERC (former)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274509,"text":"70274509 - 2026 - Invasion resistance varies by fuel break type in sagebrush ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T16:25:03.36043","indexId":"70274509","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-16T09:16:48","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Invasion resistance varies by fuel break type in sagebrush ecosystems","docAbstract":"Background
Wildfire is an increasingly important driver of changes within sagebrush (Artemisia spp. L.) ecosystems of the western USA, often resulting in increased spread of exotic annual grasses, such as cheatgrass (Bromus tectorum L.), and subsequent losses of native vegetation and wildlife habitat. Fuel breaks— areas of land treated to reduce or redistribute fuel loads — are widely implemented to help prevent the spread of wildfires and provide areas to facilitate firefighting efforts. However, localized installation and maintenance of fuel breaks directly reduce or remove vegetation and may propagate the spread of exotic annual grasses into fuel break boundaries and surrounding areas, inadvertently weakening ecological resilience to disturbance. To investigate if exotic annual grass cover was associated with mowed or green strip fuel breaks across the sagebrush biome, we combined multiple data sources and methodologies. We used targeted field surveys and land-management agency monitoring data within a space-for-time substitution framework coupled with a progressive-change before-after control-impact (PC BACI) study design using historical remotely sensed vegetation cover data which allowed us to account for potential confounding effects of roads on annual grass cover.
Results
Models using both field collected and remotely sensed vegetation indices estimated increases in exotic annual grass cover over time following mowed fuel break installation, and higher exotic annual grass cover closer to mowed fuel breaks. These increases in exotic annual grass occurred within, at 500 m and at 1000 m from mowed fuel breaks. However, we found variable patterns of exotic annual grass after green strip fuel break installation depending on the data source. No increase in exotic annual grass were indicated by either analysis at distances greater than 500 m from green strip fuel breaks. However, our and field data analyses disagreed on the direction of the association of exotic annual grass cover and green strip fuel breaks.
Conclusions
Although fuel breaks are an important tool in managing wildland fire, our analysis underscores the importance of planting fire-resistant vegetation, rather than mowing alone, to reduce invasion by annual grasses within and around fuel breaks in sagebrush ecosystems. In addition, site characteristics that hinder the proliferation of exotic annual grasses could be evaluated when installing fuel breaks to minimize unintended effects of exotic annual grass on surrounding sagebrush habitat.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer Nature","doi":"10.1186/s42408-026-00455-x","usgsCitation":"Nash, A.L., Brussee, B.E., Weise, C.L., Shinneman, D.J., McIlroy, S.K., Webster, S.C., Mathews, S.R., Dettenmaier, S.J., Condon, L.A., Crist, M.R., Aldridge, C.L., Heinrichs, J.A., Ricca, M.A., O’Neil, S.T., and Coates, P., 2026, Invasion resistance varies by fuel break type in sagebrush ecosystems: Fire Ecology, 47 p., https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-026-00455-x.","productDescription":"47 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179064","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502043,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-026-00455-x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501962,"rank":0,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13H9ADF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Code to analyze fuel breaks and exotic annual grass associations within sagebrush ecosystems of the western USA"},{"id":501718,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California, Idaho, Nevada, Oregon, Utah","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.63820648194779,\n 45.25800827418905\n ],\n [\n -120.41592142907835,\n 36.85076028726094\n ],\n [\n -109.11875667665349,\n 36.86493560362864\n ],\n [\n -109.36785528074041,\n 40.99708268734472\n ],\n [\n -110.7820295865994,\n 41.01150582119152\n ],\n [\n -111.218717505678,\n 44.232882662546004\n ],\n [\n -113.50710117819294,\n 45.73445789521233\n ],\n [\n -122.63820648194779,\n 45.25800827418905\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-16","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nash, Austin L. 0000-0001-6753-8807","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6753-8807","contributorId":368894,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nash","given":"Austin","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":37814,"text":"Former USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958051,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brussee, Brianne E.","contributorId":368895,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Brussee","given":"Brianne","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37814,"text":"Former USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958052,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Weise, Cali L.","contributorId":305785,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weise","given":"Cali","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":958053,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Shinneman, Douglas J. 0000-0002-4909-5181 dshinneman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4909-5181","contributorId":147745,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shinneman","given":"Douglas","email":"dshinneman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958054,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McIlroy, Susan K. 0000-0001-5088-3700 smcilroy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5088-3700","contributorId":169446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McIlroy","given":"Susan","email":"smcilroy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":289,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosys Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958055,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Webster, Sarah C. 0000-0003-4981-2010","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4981-2010","contributorId":368900,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webster","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":37814,"text":"Former USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958056,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Mathews, Steven R. 0000-0002-3165-9460 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aldridgec@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3926-6941","contributorId":191773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aldridge","given":"Cameron","email":"aldridgec@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":958061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Heinrichs, Julie A. 0000-0001-7733-5034 jheinrichs@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7733-5034","contributorId":193742,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heinrichs","given":"Julie","email":"jheinrichs@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A. 0000-0003-1576-513X mark_ricca@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1576-513X","contributorId":139103,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark","email":"mark_ricca@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"O’Neil, Shawn T. 0000-0002-0899-5220","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0899-5220","contributorId":206589,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Neil","given":"Shawn","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Coates, Peter S. 0000-0003-2672-9994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2672-9994","contributorId":352181,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coates","given":"Peter S.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}} ,{"id":70274502,"text":"70274502 - 2026 - Intertidal community responses to perturbations along Alaska park coastlines","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-27T17:11:25.729254","indexId":"70274502","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-15T09:52:26","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":691,"text":"Alaska Park Science","printIssn":"1545- 496","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Intertidal community responses to perturbations along Alaska park coastlines","docAbstract":"Nearshore ecosystems are highly productive zones with strong connections to both terrestrial\nand open ocean ecosystems. The rocky intertidal is a highly dynamic ecosystem and changes\nover a variety of spatial and temporal scales depending on the factors contributing to the\nchange. Here we summarize how nearshore communities and species responded to several\nperturbations to intertidal communities within Alaska’s coastal national parks.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Traiger, S.B., Ballachey, B., Coletti, H., and Esler, D., 2026, Intertidal community responses to perturbations along Alaska park coastlines: Alaska Park Science, v. 24, no. 1, p. 72-79.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"72","endPage":"79","ipdsId":"IP-182501","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501729,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501722,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2317596"}],"country":"United 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people. Methylmercury, found in fish, can be particularly detrimental, especially to children. This study explores the sources and concentrations of mercury and proposes how people can become aware and limit their\nexposure.","language":"English","publisher":"National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Laske, S.M., Bartz, K.K., and Young, D., 2026, Investigating the role of lake environments and food chains on the transfer of mercury to lake trout: Alaska Park Science, v. 24, no. 1, p. 46-55.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"46","endPage":"55","ipdsId":"IP-182249","costCenters":[{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501730,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":501723,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://irma.nps.gov/DataStore/Reference/Profile/2317596"}],"country":"United 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Sarah M. 0000-0002-6096-0420 slaske@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6096-0420","contributorId":204872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laske","given":"Sarah","email":"slaske@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":120,"text":"Alaska Science Center Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bartz, Krista K.","contributorId":368882,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bartz","given":"Krista","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":36189,"text":"National Park Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Young, Daniel","contributorId":58468,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Young","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":35763,"text":"National Park Service, Lake Clark National Park and Preserve, Port Alsworth, AK","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70273789,"text":"70273789 - 2026 - Cyanobacteria and aquatic ecosystem dynamics across 28,000 years of environmental changes in subtropical North America","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-01-30T16:18:48.467802","indexId":"70273789","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-15T09:06:23","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3219,"text":"Quaternary Science Reviews","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Cyanobacteria and aquatic ecosystem dynamics across 28,000 years of environmental changes in subtropical North America","docAbstract":"Ecological pressures on aquatic ecosystems have increased over recent centuries due to human activities and climate change. However, contextualizing ecosystem deterioration is often challenging due to limited knowledge of environmental changes over millennial timescales. Subtropical Carolina bays in North Carolina, USA, have remained unglaciated, preserving paleolimnological records that extend back to the last glacial period. Here, we analyzed a sediment core from the ecologically rich Lake Waccamaw spanning more than 28,000 years for aquatic proxies of nutrients, photosynthetic pigments, cyanotoxins, carbon isotopes, and terrestrial proxies of pollen and charcoal. The study explored paleolimnological changes in the aquatic environment connected to land changes and climate during the late Quaternary in the southeastern Atlantic Coastal Plain. Results reveal that while current levels of colonial cyanobacteria are high, past levels of cyanobacteria, other primary producers, and cyanotoxins were higher under natural climate variability. Abrupt ecosystem responses to increasing trophic conditions during Interstadial 3 (27.8–26.4 cal ka BP) and the early Holocene (11.4–7 cal ka BP) were marked by increases in primary producer abundance, deciduous vegetation expansion, and fire activity. Cyanobacteria remained dominant throughout the record, with colonial forms prevailing during the Holocene. Increases in pigment concentrations aligned with Quercus and were primarily driven by hydroclimatic variability and nutrient stoichiometry. Transitions between Pinus and Quercus pollen matched stadials and interstadials in the δ18Ο record from the North Greenland Ice Core Project (NGRIP). This study highlights the value of multi-proxy millennial-scale paleolimnological records for understanding aquatic ecosystem responses to climate conditions during the late Pleistocene.
Freshwater lakes play a critical role in the global carbon cycle by storing and transforming organic matter (OM) from both terrestrial and aquatic sources. Small lakes in northern temperate regions, despite their limited surface area, disproportionately influence regional carbon budgets. Buried sediments integrate OM inputs over time and archive ecosystem responses to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. However, the direction and magnitude of recent environmental changes on sediment carbon (C) dynamics remain poorly understood. A 23-cm core was collected from a small temperate lake in northeastern USA to evaluate sediment OM content and composition over timescales relevant to historical land-use change, damming, and recovery from acid deposition. Patterns in OM burial and source contributions were revealed via elemental and isotopic analyses of bulk OM and ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry of water-extractable organic matter (WEOM). The optical metrics expanded observations of likely OM sources beyond the information gained from bulk carbon metrics (total carbon, δ13C). The aromaticity of WEOM increased downcore, which is consistent with a shift from increased terrestrial inputs during early logging and damming activity (pre ∼1920) to more microbial-derived OM in recent surficial sediments. Future applications of WEOM optical properties as complements to traditional geochemical metrics can enhance interpretations of lake ecosystem responses recorded in lake sediments to environmental perturbations in temperate lakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106768","usgsCitation":"Collins, A., Gifford, S.R., Schaller, M., Stubbins, A., Wagner, S., and Ryan, K.A., 2026, Evaluating drivers of environmental change in a lake sediment core: Insights from spectroscopic metrics of water-extractable organic matter and stable carbon isotopes: Applied Geochemistry, v. 202, 106768, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106768.","productDescription":"106768, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-182453","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501372,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2026.106768","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501326,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","otherGeospatial":"Brant Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.65381261873293,\n 43.74614176284166\n ],\n [\n -73.74654790351629,\n 43.74614176284166\n ],\n [\n -73.74654790351629,\n 43.67947190946754\n ],\n [\n -73.65381261873293,\n 43.67947190946754\n ],\n [\n -73.65381261873293,\n 43.74614176284166\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"202","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Collins, A.C.","contributorId":29071,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Collins","given":"A.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957163,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gifford, Sabina R. 0000-0002-0724-4986","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0724-4986","contributorId":310415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gifford","given":"Sabina","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957164,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schaller, Morgan","contributorId":260723,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"Morgan","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957165,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stubbins, Aron","contributorId":367238,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stubbins","given":"Aron","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957166,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wagner, Sasha","contributorId":242609,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wagner","given":"Sasha","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12656,"text":"Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957167,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ryan, Kevin Alexander 0000-0003-1202-3616","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1202-3616","contributorId":331030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ryan","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"Alexander","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ]}