Harmful algal blooms, particularly cyanobacteria harmful algal blooms (cyanoHABs), have emerged as a substantial global concern because of their detrimental effects on water quality and aquatic ecosystem health. CyanoHABs can produce cyanotoxins, which pose serious health risks to humans and wildlife, such as liver failure and respiratory distress. This is particularly concerning for water bodies that serve as drinking-water sources. Recent trends indicate an increase in the frequency and intensity of cyanoHABs globally. This study focuses on the Raritan Basin Water Supply Complex in New Jersey, where extensive monitoring was conducted from August 2020 to August 2021 to assess the presence of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins. The research utilized a combination of discrete water-quality sampling, continuous monitoring, and solid phase adsorption toxin tracking (SPATT) to capture the dynamics of cyanotoxin occurrence and potential transport. Findings revealed a widespread presence of cyanobacteria and potential for cyanotoxin production, although actual cyanotoxin concentrations remained below drinking water and recreational thresholds. The study, conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the New Jersey Water Supply Authority (NJWSA) and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection (NJDEP), highlighted the limitations of traditional sampling methods and emphasized that continuous monitoring can support better understanding of how cyanoHAB conditions change over time and in different places. Genetic testing included quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) analyses, which demonstrated higher sensitivity, or increased findings of cyanobacteria compared to microscopy, indicating the potential for use in early warning systems. This research underscores that integrating various detection methods and hydrological data can enhance understanding of cyanotoxin dynamics in river systems.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Water Supply Authority and the New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Gorney, R.M., Heckathorn, H.A., Clonan, K.R., Reilly, P.A., Cahalane, K., and Bjorklund, B.W., 2026, Occurrence of cyanobacteria and associated cyanotoxins in the Raritan Basin Water Supply Complex, New Jersey, August 2020 to August 2021: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5128, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265128.","productDescription":"Report, ix, 30 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"30","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502716,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119360.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502326,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/coverthb3.jpg"},{"id":502327,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/sir20265128.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.47 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5128 PDF"},{"id":502329,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/sir20265128.XML","description":"SIR 2026-5128 XML"},{"id":502330,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5128/images"},{"id":502328,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265128/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5128 HTML"},{"id":502331,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1S5DQ6A","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Cyanobacteria, other water-quality, and discharge data collected from the Raritan River Basin, New Jersey, August 2020 through August 2021"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","otherGeospatial":"Raritan Basin Water Supply Complex","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -75.0833,\n 40.9167\n ],\n [\n -75.0833,\n 40.0167\n ],\n [\n -74.1667,\n 40.0167\n ],\n [\n -74.1667,\n 40.9167\n ],\n [\n -75.0833,\n 40.9167\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3450 Princeton Pike, Suite 110
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The Cedar River alluvial aquifer is the source of drinking water in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. Production wells are completed in the alluvial aquifer approximately 40 to 80 feet below land surface. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have studied the groundwater-flow system and water quality of the aquifer in the vicinity of Cedar Rapids since 1992. Results of these studies documented hydrologic conditions, water quality, and geochemistry of the alluvial aquifer and interactions with the Cedar River. Water-quality samples were collected for studies involving well field monitoring, trends, source-water protection, groundwater geochemistry, surface-water–groundwater interaction, and pesticides in groundwater and surface water. Water quality was analyzed for dissolved major ions (boron, bromide, calcium, chloride, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, sulfate, and total dissolved solids), dissolved nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, ammonia plus organic nitrogen as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, orthophosphate as phosphorus, and phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides. Physical characteristics (alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance, and water temperature) were measured on site and recorded for each water sample collected. This report presents the results of routine water-quality data-collection activities from October 2017 through September 2022. Methods of data collection, quality assurance, water-quality analyses, and statistical procedures are presented. Data include the results of water-quality analyses from quarterly sampling from monitoring wells, production wells, two water treatment plants, and the Cedar River at Blairs Ferry Road at Palo, Iowa, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station number 05464420), as well as monthly nutrient sampling from the Cedar River and Morgan Creek near Covington, Iowa, streamgage (U.S. Geological Survey station number 05464475).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/dr1224","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with City of Cedar Rapids Utilities Water Division","usgsCitation":"Meppelink, S.M., and Kalkhoff, S.J., 2026, Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 2017–22: U.S. Geological Survey Data Report 1224, 34 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/dr1224.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 34 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-171718","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502710,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119355.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502244,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/dr1224.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"DR 1224"},{"id":502243,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502245,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/dr1224.XML"},{"id":502246,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dr/1224/images/"},{"id":502247,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/dr1224/full"},{"id":502248,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"- USGS water data for the Nation"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","otherGeospatial":"Cedar Rapids Well Fields, Cedar River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -91.80773266985493,\n 42.032866361741156\n ],\n [\n -91.80773266985493,\n 41.90007413791929\n ],\n [\n -91.50986519614662,\n 41.90007413791929\n ],\n [\n -91.50986519614662,\n 42.032866361741156\n ],\n [\n -91.80773266985493,\n 42.032866361741156\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
We assembled and annotated a chromosome-level genome for the Western Spadefoot, Spea hammondii (Anura, Scaphiopodidae) representing one of only three amphibians included in the California Conservation Genomics Project (CCGP). Spea hammondii is a vernal pool breeding anuran native to California and northwestern Baja California which has undergone both range contractions and local extirpations across its distribution, primarily due to habitat loss and degradation and drought. The species is recognized by the state of California as a Species of Special Concern and is proposed for listing under the United States Endangered Species Act. Using the established CCGP pipeline, this S. hammondii genome was produced using Pacific Biosciences HiFi long-reads and Omni-C proximity ligation, resulting in a de novo genome assembly 1.14 Gb in length, distributed across 479 scaffolds (scaffold N50 = 120.8 Mb; largest scaffold = 183.6 Mb) with a BUSCO completeness score of 90.9% using a conserved tetrapod ortholog set. Our assembly shows high base accuracy (quality value [QV] = 63.7) and low frameshift error in coding regions (QV 50.42). Annotation of this genome yielded 20,434 genes with a BUSCO completeness score of 94.7%. This genome assembly, in combination with range-wide resequencing data from CCGP, will facilitate statewide population genomic assessments to delineate conservation units, quantify inbreeding and genomic load, and test for adaptive variation associated with vernal pool hydrology and drought tolerance, all of which are important considerations in the proposed federal listing.
","language":"English","publisher":"Oxford Academic","doi":"10.1093/jhered/esag009","usgsCitation":"Thompsky, B., Beraut, E., Cooper, R.D., Escalona, M., Espinoza, R.E., Fisher, R.N., Miller, C., Nguyen, O., Sacco, S., Sahasrabudhe, R., Seligmann, W.E., Tofflemier, E., Wang, I.J., and Schaffer, H.B., 2026, A chromosome-level genome assembly of a vernal pool specialist amphibian, the Western Spadefoot, Spea hammondii: Journal of Heredity, https://doi.org/10.1093/jhered/esag009.","ipdsId":"IP-187274","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504944,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-08","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thompsky, Ben","contributorId":371642,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thompsky","given":"Ben","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beraut, Eric","contributorId":299352,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beraut","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Robert D.","contributorId":371643,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Escalona, Merly","contributorId":299346,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Escalona","given":"Merly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Espinoza, Robert E.","contributorId":371644,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Espinoza","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36305,"text":"CSU Northridge","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Fisher, Robert N. 0000-0002-2956-3240 rfisher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2956-3240","contributorId":1529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Robert","email":"rfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Miller, Courtney","contributorId":371645,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Courtney","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Nguyen, Oanh","contributorId":299348,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nguyen","given":"Oanh","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7214,"text":"University of California, Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sacco, Samuel","contributorId":299349,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sacco","given":"Samuel","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Sahasrabudhe, Ruta","contributorId":367055,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sahasrabudhe","given":"Ruta","affiliations":[{"id":12711,"text":"UC Davis","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Seligmann, William E.","contributorId":371646,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Seligmann","given":"William","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6948,"text":"UC Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Tofflemier, Erin","contributorId":371647,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tofflemier","given":"Erin","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Wang, Ian J.","contributorId":371648,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Ian","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6609,"text":"UC Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962241,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Schaffer, H. Bradley","contributorId":371649,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaffer","given":"H.","middleInitial":"Bradley","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962242,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14}]}} ,{"id":70274705,"text":"sir20265001 - 2026 - Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70267521,"text":"70267521 - 2025 - Preprint: Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","indexId":"70267521","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"Preprint: Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70274705,"text":"sir20265001 - 2026 - Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","indexId":"sir20265001","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T18:20:31.25097","indexId":"sir20265001","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-08T06:49:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5001","displayTitle":"Simulated Seasonal Loads of Total Nitrogen and Total Phosphorus by Major Source from Watersheds Draining to Washington Waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","title":"Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Washington State Department of Ecology (Ecology) have developed watershed models of seasonal load estimates of total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) discharging into the Washington State waters of the Salish Sea from 2005 through 2020. The modeling approach used was dynamic SPARROW (SPAtially Referenced Regressions On Watershed attributes), a statistical-physical watershed modeling technique, initially applied at large spatial scales to represent long-term average stream loads throughout a stream network, refined here to estimate seasonal TN and TP loads across watersheds.
Upstream contributing sources included permitted treated wastewater facilities, crop fertilizer, animal feeding operations, septic systems, urban land and stormwater, atmospheric deposition (TN only), nitrogen fixation by Alnus rubra Bong. (red alder) trees (TN only), and background geologic material (TP only). Instream load magnitudes and their source compositions varied across watersheds, and even within each watershed, yet the largest loads typically occurred in the large rivers during winter and fall when streamflow was highest. Likewise, instream loads were typically lowest in summer during low streamflow, yet the relative instream aquatic decay was highest. The seasonal storage lag component of all nonpoint sources was estimated to contribute a quarter of the seasonal instream load during winter and fall high streamflow and sometimes half of the instream load during summer low streamflow.
Simulated seasonal loads carried by streams to a few hundred river mouth marine discharge points ranged by several orders-of-magnitude for TN and TP due to the spatial and seasonal differences in hydrologic flows, magnitude and timing of contributing sources, and instream decay. The Snohomish and Skagit Rivers discharged the largest TN and TP loads, yet the Samish River was shown to have some of the highest TN and TP yields and concentrations. Additionally, a reference scenario estimate developed of the pre-industrial local and regional TN loads suggests that red alder tree density has increased in lower riparian areas and that treated wastewater is the dominant source in some watersheds that has led to increases in TN loading to marine waters.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Washington State Department of Ecology","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Schmadel, N.M., Figueroa-Kaminsky, C., Wise, D.R., Wasielewski, J.K., Johnson, Z.C., and Black, R.W., 2026, Simulated seasonal loads of total nitrogen and total phosphorus by major source from watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5001, 66 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265001. [Supersedes preprint https://doi.org/10.22541/essoar.173878059.92247480/v1.]","productDescription":"Report: x; 66 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-171269","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502711,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119356.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":502222,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9LY1PQF","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Model application and calibration load data for seasonally dynamic total nitrogen and total phosphorus SPARROW models developed for watersheds draining to Washington waters of the Salish Sea, 2005 through 2020"},{"id":502221,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/images"},{"id":502220,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/sir20265001.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 XML"},{"id":502218,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/sir20265001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"45.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 PDF"},{"id":502217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":502219,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265001/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5001 HTML"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"British Columbia, Washington","otherGeospatial":"Salish Sea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121,\n 49.5\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 49.5\n ],\n [\n -125,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -121,\n 49.5\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Oregon Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
601 SW 2nd Avenue, Suite 1950
Portland, Oregon 97204
Contamination by nutrients, major ions, and metals poses a major threat to global water sustainability. Understanding how these pollutants vary across time and space requires long-term monitoring and robust statistical approaches. Traditional methods, however, often struggle to account for streamflow variability, seasonality, and nonlinear responses. Introduced in 2010, the Weighted Regressions on Time, Discharge, and Season (WRTDS) method offers a flexible, data-driven framework that generates both observed and flow-normalized estimates of concentration and load. Over the past 15 years, WRTDS has become a state-of-the-art tool for water-quality science and management, with applications spanning a wide range of hydrologic, climatic, and policy contexts─including major watersheds across North America, Europe, Asia, Australia, and the Arctic. In this review of WRTDS, we document the method’s major advancements, examine its expanding geographic and thematic applications, and summarize its relevance to water-quality management programs and policies worldwide. We also discuss its performance relative to other regression and machine-learning approaches. Finally, we identify key priorities for future development to support the continued evolution of WRTDS as a trusted and practical tool for scientists and managers working to protect and sustain water resources.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c12895","usgsCitation":"Zhang, Q., Hirsch, R.M., DeCicco, L.A., and Murphy, J.C., 2026, Fifteen years of WRTDS for advancing water-quality science: A critical review of methodological developments and global applications: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 60, no. 15, p. 11170-11182, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c12895.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"11170","endPage":"11182","ipdsId":"IP-182247","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503788,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c12895","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"60","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-04-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zhang, Qian 0000-0003-0500-5655","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0500-5655","contributorId":174393,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Qian","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38802,"text":"University of Maryland Center for Environmental Studies","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hirsch, Robert M. 0000-0002-4534-075X rhirsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4534-075X","contributorId":2005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirsch","given":"Robert","email":"rhirsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeCicco, Laura A. 0000-0002-3915-9487 ldecicco@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3915-9487","contributorId":174716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeCicco","given":"Laura","email":"ldecicco@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5054,"text":"Office of Water Information","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":160,"text":"Center for Integrated Data Analytics","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Murphy, Jennifer C. 0000-0002-0881-0919 jmurphy@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0881-0919","contributorId":4281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murphy","given":"Jennifer","email":"jmurphy@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70274772,"text":"70274772 - 2026 - Global glacier mass change in 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-09T16:29:51.510008","indexId":"70274772","displayToPublicDate":"2026-04-07T08:04:24","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9136,"text":"Nature Reviews Earth and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Global glacier mass change in 2025","docAbstract":"Glaciers lost 408 ± 132 Gt of mass during the hydrological year 2025, equivalent to 1.1 ± 0.4 mm sea-level rise. Since 1975, glacier mass loss has totalled 9,583 ± 1,211 Gt, equivalent to 26.4 ± 3.3 mm of sea-level rise, with six of the highest mass-loss years on record occurring in the past seven years.
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in the contiguous United States: Insights from two hydrologic models","docAbstract":"Characterizing changes to water availability for domestic, industrial, agricultural, and other uses is essential to support water management. To better quantify these changes, the U.S. Geological Survey and National Science Foundation National Center for Atmospheric Research produced two hydrologic models simulating water budget components from 1980 to 2021 over the contiguous United States (CONUS). Both hydrologic models were driven by a common atmospheric forcing dataset and aggregated to common spatial and temporal scales, which enables a novel evaluation of congruency between the models. We present annual and seasonal trends in six water budget components (precipitation, evapotranspiration, streamflow, groundwater recharge, soil saturation, and snow water equivalent) based on the Mann–Kendall test for monotonic trend and Theil-Sen slope estimate for the water year 1983–2021 period for ~86,000 catchments in CONUS. Additional components and metrics from our analysis pipeline are available in an associated published dataset, which contains more than 46 million trend results. The water budget trends showed broad agreement with prior observational and modeling studies that indicate increasing trends in the northeast and decreasing trends in southwestern CONUS. We found the seasonal variability in water budget trends was greatest in the southern, central, and northwest CONUS. These findings support integrated trend assessments when coupled with trends in water quality and use.
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restoration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-08T15:26:45.625033","indexId":"70274756","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-25T08:20:32","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3709,"text":"Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mangrove ecosystems: Importance, threats and opportunities for restoration","docAbstract":"Mangroves are crucial for biodiversity conservation, coastal protection, and supporting local livelihoods. Mangroves may also protect coasts from storms and rising sea levels and can play a major role in climate mitigation. Threats to their health include activities such as infrastructural development, urban encroachment, aquaculture and crop farming, and oil and gas exploration. We review the threats and opportunities for the restoration of mangrove ecosystems on the coasts of Africa, which are highly impacted by oil spills. The most important challenge for mangrove restoration identified in this review is the restoration of appropriate hydrologic and salinity regimes prior to natural recruitment or the active planting of propagules.
","language":"English","publisher":"MDPI","doi":"10.3390/w18070787","usgsCitation":"Ohimain, E.I., Turner, R.E., and Middleton, B.A., 2026, Mangrove ecosystems: Importance, threats and opportunities for restoration: Water, v. 18, no. 7, 787, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3390/w18070787.","productDescription":"787, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-186012","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502484,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/w18070787","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502276,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"18","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-26","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ohimain, Elijah I. 0000-0002-5491-6271","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5491-6271","contributorId":369427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ohimain","given":"Elijah","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":87767,"text":"Niger Delta University, Wilberforce Island, Bayelsa State, Nigeria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Turner, Robert Eugene 0000-0002-1368-4160","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1368-4160","contributorId":369428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Turner","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"Eugene","affiliations":[{"id":5115,"text":"Louisiana State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Middleton, Beth A. 0000-0002-1220-2326","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1220-2326","contributorId":216869,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Middleton","given":"Beth","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70275038,"text":"70275038 - 2026 - Local water use and climate variability drive water stress and alter ecological flows over the conterminous United States","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70262124,"text":"70262124 - 2025 - Local water use and climate drive water stress over the conterminous United States with substantial impacts to fish species of conservation concern","indexId":"70262124","publicationYear":"2025","noYear":false,"title":"Local water use and climate drive water stress over the conterminous United States with substantial impacts to fish species of conservation concern"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":70275038,"text":"70275038 - 2026 - Local water use and climate variability drive water stress and alter ecological flows over the conterminous United States","indexId":"70275038","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"title":"Local water use and climate variability drive water stress and alter ecological flows over the conterminous United States"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-13T15:05:16.761878","indexId":"70275038","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-20T10:01:07","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23283,"text":"Environmental Research: Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Local water use and climate variability drive water stress and alter ecological flows over the conterminous United States","docAbstract":"Consistent, large-scale estimates of water availability are needed to identify and avoid potential conflicts among human and ecosystem uses of water. We present an assessment of water limitation, defined as the monthly balance (difference) between water supply (ws) and human consumptive water use (wc), for the conterminous United States (CONUS) during water years 2010–2020. We estimate that 26.7 million Americans, 8% of CONUS population, live in areas with chronic high or severe water limitation. Although ws greatly exceeds wc at the CONUS scale, water is limited locally or regionally due to spatial and temporal patterns in climate and wc. Our water limitation metric, the monthly supply and use index (SUI), peaked in 2012 during a widespread drought when 38% of the CONUS land area experienced elevated water stress. The central and Southwestern U.S. experienced the highest SUI due to the combination of low ws and high wc, especially for irrigation. Spatial overlays of SUI and fish habitat ranges, including those of conservation concern, revealed that several species had notable proportions of their habitat exposed to high or severe water limitation during spawning season over the modeled time period, especially the Arkansas River shiner. ws was calculated from two CONUS, physically-based, hydrologic models while wc was calculated from three CONUS models of water use for crop irrigation, thermoelectric power generation, and public supply. The ws and wc values were routed through a stream network and compared to calculate water limitation and SUI for human populations and fish species at the scale of 12-digit hydrologic unit codes. Evaluation of water availability at higher spatial and temporal resolution promotes more comprehensive analyses of the drivers of water availability and can be combined with complementary studies of water quality and water limiting thresholds to better understand the limitations on water availability.
","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Science","doi":"10.1088/3033-4942/ae4d7e","usgsCitation":"Stets, E.G., Cashman, M.J., Miller, O.L., Powlen, K., Martinez, A., Padilla, J., and Archer, A.A., 2026, Local water use and climate variability drive water stress and alter ecological flows over the conterminous United States: Environmental Research: Water, v. 2, 025001, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae4d7e.","productDescription":"025001, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183005","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502998,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae4d7e","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502745,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"conterminous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n 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Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cashman, Matthew J. 0000-0002-6635-4309","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6635-4309","contributorId":203315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Matthew","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Olivia L. 0000-0002-8846-7048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-7048","contributorId":216556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Powlen, Kathryn 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Ecology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":959286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Archer, Althea A. 0000-0003-1927-0783","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1927-0783","contributorId":302489,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Archer","given":"Althea","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37316,"text":"WMA - Integrated Information Dissemination Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274325,"text":"70274325 - 2026 - Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-26T19:40:22.332984","indexId":"70274325","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T12:36:18","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3164,"text":"Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides","docAbstract":"The deep critical zone (CZ) has long been recognized for its importance in influencing shallow landslides but was not considered feasible to include in slope stability models at the watershed scale. In this study, we demonstrate that simple approximations of the CZ in a fully coupled hydrologic and soil slope stability model can effectively capture the location, timing, and likely size of shallow landslides. To achieve this, we use coupled, process-based models that incorporate the effects of 1) deep CZ structures, 2) three-dimensional transient hydrology, and 3) multidimensional slope stability, calibrated with data from an intensively monitored field site. Our results show that the hydrologically active deep CZ guides groundwater flow, influencing where it drains from or exfiltrates to the soil mantle, producing distinct patterns of soil saturation and seepage forces at the soil-bedrock boundary. Deep conductive weathered critical zone drains the soil mantle, reducing the likelihood of destabilizing pore pressures, while the downslope thinning of the CZ forces groundwater to the surface. This creates localized instability and a tendency for similar-sized landslides across the landscape. In contrast, the absence of conductive weathered bedrock results in more widespread destabilizing pore pressures, leading to larger landslides and the likelihood of landslides earlier in a storm than in landscapes underlain by a deep CZ. Our findings suggest that first-order variations of deep CZ can provide physical explanations for variations observed in the susceptibility, magnitude, and timing of shallow landslides, and that CZ structure may be inferred from patterns and timing of landsliding.","language":"English","publisher":"National Academy of Sciences","doi":"10.1073/pnas.2524542123","usgsCitation":"Moon, S., Formetta, G., Higa, J.T., Busti, R., Bellugi, D.G., Milledge, D.G., Ebel, B., and Dietrich, W.E., 2026, Deep critical zone controls on shallow landslides: Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, v. 123, no. 12, e2524542123, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524542123.","productDescription":"e2524542123, 12 p.","ipdsId":"IP-159353","costCenters":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502037,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2524542123","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501638,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"123","issue":"12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moon, Seulgi 0000-0001-5207-1781","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5207-1781","contributorId":264625,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Moon","given":"Seulgi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13399,"text":"UCLA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Formetta, Giuseppe 0000-0002-0252-1462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0252-1462","contributorId":210296,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Formetta","given":"Giuseppe","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38100,"text":"Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Colorado School of Mines, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957886,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Higa, Justin T.","contributorId":367913,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Higa","given":"Justin","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":12763,"text":"University of California, Los Angeles","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957887,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Busti, Riccardo","contributorId":367914,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Busti","given":"Riccardo","affiliations":[{"id":25322,"text":"University of Trento","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bellugi, Dino G.","contributorId":367915,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bellugi","given":"Dino","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Milledge, David G.","contributorId":367916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Milledge","given":"David","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":33636,"text":"Newcastle University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Ebel, Brian A. 0000-0002-5413-3963","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5413-3963","contributorId":211845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ebel","given":"Brian A.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dietrich, William E.","contributorId":367923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dietrich","given":"William","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":36942,"text":"University of California, Berkeley","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70274194,"text":"sir20265143 - 2026 - Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-19T13:54:51.847251","indexId":"sir20265143","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T12:21:23","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5143","displayTitle":"Urban Stormwater Treatment Using Biofiltration—Variable Performance Across Solids, Nutrients, Major Ions, and Metals","title":"Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals","docAbstract":"Urban runoff from streets and parking lots carries pollutants that degrade receiving waters. Green infrastructure, such as biofilters, is increasingly used to treat this runoff by mimicking natural hydrologic processes. The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District, evaluated a biofilter receiving roadway runoff from an industrial area in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, over a 3-year period (2022–24). Paired inlet and outlet samples were analyzed for changes in runoff volume, peak discharge, and concentrations of solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals. The biofilter reduced runoff volume by 86 percent and peak discharge by 92 percent, with substantial reductions in total suspended solids (99 percent), total phosphorus (86 percent), and particulate metals (greater than 80 percent for most analytes). However, dissolved constituents showed variable performance; dissolved phosphorus and several metals exhibited net export, likely influenced by media composition, redox conditions, and winter road salt inputs. Sodium export, despite stable chloride loads, suggests cation exchange and seasonal release dynamics. These findings highlight limitations of conventional biofilter designs for dissolved pollutants and underscore the need for improved media, vegetation management, and consideration of winter deicing practices.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Milwaukee Metropolitan Sewerage District","usgsCitation":"Selbig, W.R., and Romano, J., 2026, Urban stormwater treatment using biofiltration—Variable performance across solids, nutrients, major ions, and metals: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5143, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265143.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 27 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-179736","costCenters":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/sir20265143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"4.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5143"},{"id":500781,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/sir20265143.XML"},{"id":500782,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5143/images/"},{"id":500783,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265143/full"},{"id":500784,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13E8BMK","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Water quality concentration and load data for a biofilter at Green Tech Station in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, 2022–24"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","city":"Milwaukee","otherGeospatial":"Green Tech Station stormwater plaza","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.092593420276046\n ],\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.09035056067961\n ],\n [\n -87.9520609229932,\n 43.09035056067961\n ],\n [\n -87.9520609229932,\n 43.092593420276046\n ],\n [\n -87.95385389802549,\n 43.092593420276046\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
Urban stormwater runoff can carry sediment, nutrients, salts, and metals into nearby rivers and lakes, contributing to flooding and water-quality problems. To reduce these impacts, communities are increasingly using shallow, planted systems called biofilters to capture and soak up runoff. This study evaluates how well a biofilter in Milwaukee, Wisconsin, performed over three years and what its results mean for managing stormwater in urban areas.
The biofilter was highly effective at managing stormwater volume and flow. On average, it reduced the amount of runoff leaving the site by 86 percent and reduced peak flow rates by 92 percent. These reductions help lower the risk of flooding downstream, especially during heavy rain.
The biofilter also worked very well at removing pollutants attached to soil and debris. Nearly all suspended sediment was removed, and total phosphorus was reduced by more than 80 percent. Most metals attached to sediment, such as lead and copper, were also greatly reduced. These results show that biofilters are reliable tools for controlling particulate forms of pollutants from roads, even when sediment loads are high.
However, the biofilter was less effective at treating dissolved phase pollutants. For example, dissolved phosphorus and several dissolved metals, including iron and manganese, were often higher in water leaving the biofilter than in water entering it. Sodium, a major component of road salt, was also released from the system at times. Export of dissolved phase pollutants from the biofilter likely reflects interactions between runoff, organic material in the soil, and winter deicing practices. Improving soil mixtures, managing vegetation, and reducing salt inputs may help biofilters better protect urban water quality in the future.
","publicationDate":"2026-03-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Selbig, William R. 0000-0003-1403-8280 wrselbig@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1403-8280","contributorId":877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Selbig","given":"William","email":"wrselbig@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romano, James 0000-0002-1885-2178","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1885-2178","contributorId":366936,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romano","given":"James","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70274272,"text":"70274272 - 2026 - Regreening, restoring, and reconnecting a southwestern wetland ecosystem – the Zeedyk wetland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-24T15:18:17.947836","indexId":"70274272","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-18T08:08:57","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5098,"text":"Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Regreening, restoring, and reconnecting a southwestern wetland ecosystem – the Zeedyk wetland","docAbstract":"Alluvial wetland ecosystems are vital as biodiversity hotspots but are increasingly threatened by anthropogenic stressors and drought. These pressures are especially acute in arid and semi-arid regions, where eco-hydrologic connectivity is fragile and recovery is slow. This study quantifies the efficacy of nature-based solutions, particularly the ‘Zeedyk approach,’ which employs low-tech Natural Infrastructure in Dryland Streams (NIDS)—including rock detention structures—to slow surface water, raise groundwater tables, and restore wetland function at a spring-fed wetland in Cebolla Canyon, New Mexico, U.S.A. Our results depict a Restoration Feedback Loop that captures stages of change from a healthy wetland in 1935, altered by 20th-century agriculture and grazing, to the re-establishment of the historical flow regime by 2024 documented through an 89-year archive of aerial imagery (1935–2024). By the end of our study period, the Spring-Fed Wetland had expanded by roughly 229% of the original 1935 area, to 4.13 ha. Using 40 years of satellite data, we assess changes in vegetation and hydrology with remote sensing indices. Spatial and temporal analyses reveal significant increases in vegetation greenness and wetness, particularly in an Expanded Wetland subregion, which exhibited ∼3.5x higher wetness and ∼1.5x higher greenness trends compared to adjacent areas. Monthly metrics highlight seasonal variability, with increases in greenness linked to monsoonal rainfall and lateral water redistribution, indicating that restoration impacts extend beyond the primary wetland. This study demonstrates the utility of cloud-based platforms like Google Earth Engine and USGS EarthExplorer for long-term monitoring of wetland restoration, while quantifying the efficacy of the ‘Zeedyk approach’ and demonstrating its potential as a scalable method to restore and conserve wetland meadows in other arid and semi-arid landscapes.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964","usgsCitation":"Petrakis, R.E., Norman, L., McGraw, M., Carson, S., Sponholtz, C., Weber, C., and Zeedyk, B.D., 2026, Regreening, restoring, and reconnecting a southwestern wetland ecosystem – the Zeedyk wetland: Remote Sensing Applications: Society and Environment, v. 42, 101964, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964.","productDescription":"101964, 25 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181171","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501673,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rsase.2026.101964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501451,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Cebolla Creek Restoration Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 35.144508927313936\n ],\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 34.9960395169455\n ],\n [\n -107.84876055969504,\n 34.9960395169455\n ],\n [\n -107.84876055969504,\n 35.144508927313936\n ],\n [\n -108.02529096003872,\n 35.144508927313936\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957501,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957502,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGraw, Maryann","contributorId":367703,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McGraw","given":"Maryann","affiliations":[{"id":87604,"text":"New Mexico Environment Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957503,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Carson, Steve","contributorId":367704,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carson","given":"Steve","affiliations":[{"id":87605,"text":"Rangeland Hands, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957504,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sponholtz, Craig","contributorId":367705,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sponholtz","given":"Craig","affiliations":[{"id":87606,"text":"Watershed Artisans, Inc.","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957505,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Weber, Cameron","contributorId":367706,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Weber","given":"Cameron","affiliations":[{"id":87607,"text":"Rio Grande Return","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957506,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Zeedyk, Bill D.","contributorId":367707,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zeedyk","given":"Bill","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":87608,"text":"Zeedyk Ecological Consulting, LLC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957507,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70262911,"text":"70262911 - 2026 - Advancing compound coastal flood modeling on aouthern O’ahu, Hawai’i: A hybrid stochastic approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-27T15:45:42.25143","indexId":"70262911","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-17T10:35:11","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Advancing compound coastal flood modeling on aouthern O’ahu, Hawai’i: A hybrid stochastic approach","docAbstract":"Sea-level rise and changing patterns of storminess associated with climate change are expected to increase the frequency and severity of compound coastal flooding events, posing significant challenges to coastal communities in enhancing preparedness and adaptation strategies. This work presents a hybrid stochastic approach for the probabilistic assessment of compound coastal flooding. The stochastic climate emulator TESLA is employed to generate synthetic time series of oceanographic and hydrologic conditions, incorporating meteorologic-oceanographic drivers such as sea-level anomalies, tropical cyclones, storm surge, tides, wind-waves, and precipitation. These time series are downscaled using a hybrid statistical-numerical framework that integrates surrogate models of high-fidelity hydrodynamic simulators (e.g., Delft3D, SWAN, SWASH, SFINCS). The framework is applied to southern O’ahu, Hawai’i, to simulate flood exposure under present climate as well as various sea-level rise scenarios and climate projections. The framework is designed to support decision-making processes by facilitating the participatory development of dynamic adaptation pathways. By allowing for rapid evaluation of flood risks, the approach provides valuable insights for building resilient adaptation strategies for vulnerable coastal communities.
","conferenceTitle":"Coastal Dynamics 2025","conferenceDate":"April 7-11, 2025","conferenceLocation":"Aveiro, Portugal","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","usgsCitation":"Ricondo, A., Cagigal, L., Storlazzi, C.D., Merrifield, M.A., Mendez, F.J., and Ruggiero, P.R., 2026, Advancing compound coastal flood modeling on aouthern O’ahu, Hawai’i: A hybrid stochastic approach, Coastal Dynamics 2025, Aveiro, Portugal, April 7-11, 2025, p. 3-7.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"3","endPage":"7","ipdsId":"IP-167977","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":481398,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-032-15477-4_1"},{"id":503552,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"southern Oahu","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -158.16114226446115,\n 21.421379675830508\n ],\n [\n -157.6362987942188,\n 21.421379675830508\n ],\n [\n -157.6362987942188,\n 21.249560670445135\n ],\n [\n -158.16114226446115,\n 21.249560670445135\n ],\n [\n -158.16114226446115,\n 21.421379675830508\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Coelho, Carlos","contributorId":370435,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coelho","given":"Carlos","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960343,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hallin, Caroline","contributorId":370436,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hallin","given":"Caroline","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960344,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sancho, Francisco","contributorId":370437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sancho","given":"Francisco","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960345,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Silva, Paulo A.","contributorId":370438,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Silva","given":"Paulo","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":960346,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Ricondo, Alba 0000-0002-4703-8220","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4703-8220","contributorId":306058,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ricondo","given":"Alba","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39072,"text":"U.Cantabria","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cagigal, Laura 0000-0001-5384-6382","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5384-6382","contributorId":229418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cagigal","given":"Laura","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38833,"text":"University of Auckland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Storlazzi, Curt D. 0000-0001-8057-4490 cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8057-4490","contributorId":140584,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Storlazzi","given":"Curt","email":"cstorlazzi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":925269,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Merrifield, Mark A.","contributorId":40525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrifield","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925270,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mendez, Fernando J.","contributorId":177514,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mendez","given":"Fernando","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":925271,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ruggiero, Peter R","contributorId":221035,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruggiero","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":925272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70275104,"text":"70275104 - 2026 - Potential impacts of groundwater pumping on stream temperature are greatest in streams with substantial cold groundwater inflows","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-16T15:48:13.442643","indexId":"70275104","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-12T10:39:44","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Potential impacts of groundwater pumping on stream temperature are greatest in streams with substantial cold groundwater inflows","docAbstract":"Groundwater pumping-induced reductions in streamflow (known as ‘streamflow depletion’) have been documented worldwide, but potential impacts of streamflow depletion on stream temperature are not well understood. Here, we use two types of models to identify potential impacts of pumping on stream temperature across the conterminous United States (CONUS) to determine which aspects of a stream's annual thermograph (thermal signatures) can be used to monitor and manage streamflow depletion impacts on stream temperature. We used long-term streamflow and stream temperature data from 30 streamgages across CONUS and surrogate models of streamflow depletion to analyse potential stream temperature impacts at each site. We compared two different stream temperature modelling approaches: (i) a process-based energy balance model and (ii) statistical regression models based on air temperature and stream discharge. We calculated a suite of thermal signatures under depleted and non-depleted conditions for each stream and found that maximum annual 7-day temperature and annual temperature range are potentially the most sensitive to streamflow depletion, with potential changes of at least 2°C at > 70% of the sites when using the process-based model. We also found that the regression-based models predicted much less sensitivity of stream temperature to streamflow depletion than the process-based model. This work provides an initial evaluation and sensitivity analysis of the potential impacts of streamflow depletion on stream temperature. We demonstrate that stream temperature may be most sensitive to pumping in streams with a high proportion of flow sourced from relatively cold groundwater inputs, and that regression-based stream temperature models may underpredict stream temperature changes caused by streamflow depletion.
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Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Groundwater drought in the United States: Spatial and temporal variability","docAbstract":"Many communities and ecosystems in the United States that are dependent on groundwater are potentially adversely affected by groundwater drought. We computed yearly groundwater-drought metrics and mean groundwater levels at well locations across the conterminous United States (CONUS), using data from wells and remotely sensed and modeled Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment Drought Monitor Data Assimilation (GRACE-DADM). We also modeled the probability of low or high human impact at each well location. The spatial distribution of groundwater-drought duration and severity from 2001 to 2020 for 1,510 wells shows longer maximum duration and higher maximum severity events in drier regions like the Southwest than in wetter regions like the Northeast. Based on 613 wells in CONUS from 1981 to 2020, there are many significant decreases in drought duration and severity in the Northeast and many significant increases in annual-mean groundwater levels. In contrast, there are many significant increases in drought metrics and decreases in mean water levels in parts of the Southeast. There are major differences in trends from 2001 to 2020 between well-based and GRACE-DADM-based groundwater metrics in some CONUS regions and a very low correlation between trends at individual locations across CONUS. A potential reason for this disparity is the low GRACE-DADM resolution (∼12 km) and the potential for a large amount of groundwater variation at the local scale. Also, GRACE-DADM represents shallow, unconfined aquifers which may not match the screened interval of the monitoring wells we evaluated. Large spatial gaps in long-term, high frequency, and quality-assured groundwater-well monitoring data present a challenge for understanding groundwater-drought variability across CONUS. Remote sensing tools such as GRACE can help but cannot fully replace well monitoring, as highlighted by our study results. Substantially more long-term monitoring wells would more accurately represent groundwater-drought trends and spatial variability across CONUS, particularly in western regions.
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0000-0003-3263-6452","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3263-6452","contributorId":221008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simeone","given":"Caelan","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lombard, Melissa A. 0000-0001-5924-6556 mlombard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5924-6556","contributorId":198254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lombard","given":"Melissa","email":"mlombard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caldwell, Todd 0000-0003-4068-0648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4068-0648","contributorId":217924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caldwell","given":"Todd","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hammond, John C. 0000-0002-4935-0736","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4935-0736","contributorId":223108,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hammond","given":"John C.","affiliations":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wieczorek, Michael 0000-0003-0999-5457","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0999-5457","contributorId":207911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Michael","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":220211,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274211,"text":"70274211 - 2026 - Small-volume tephra deposits of the May 1924 explosions from Halemaʻumaʻu, Kīlauea volcano, and their origin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T14:29:50.599041","indexId":"70274211","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-11T09:20:41","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Small-volume tephra deposits of the May 1924 explosions from Halemaʻumaʻu, Kīlauea volcano, and their origin","docAbstract":"Hydrologic variation is a primary driver of stream ecosystems. Changing hydrology can lead to assemblage shifts and alterations in suitable habitat for freshwater species. As climate change is predicted to alter flow patterns in addition to increasing water temperatures, insight into relationships between species occupancy, hydrology, and temperature is critical for understanding current and future distributions. We examined how hydrologic variability, temperature, and other environmental variables interact to influence Micropterus dolomieu (Smallmouth Bass) occurrence. We used Spatial Stream Network models, allowing for the incorporation of spatial autocorrelation along streams' unique dendritic network, to examine Smallmouth Bass occupancy across a range of hydrologic variation in the Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands, USA. Hydrologic variation was the main driver of Smallmouth Bass occurrence, with occurrence more likely in groundwater streams with low hydrologic variation and high flow permanence. For groundwater streams, occurrence was positively associated with summer stream temperature and negatively associated with annual stream temperature. As variation increased, more variables showed significant relationships with occurrence. Distance metrics were important for all models, however as hydrologic disturbance increased, flow connected distance played a lesser role and stream distance played a greater role. Hydrologic variability was the overarching determinant of Smallmouth Bass occurrence and strongly influenced the predictive importance of environmental variables and geospatial relationships. Greater hydrologic variability resulted in stronger statistical relationships between occurrence and environmental variables and an increased importance of system connectivity. As climate change alters hydrologic processes and streams become more variable, understanding and accounting for these shifting relationships is essential.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181562","usgsCitation":"Sorensen, S.F., Fox, J.T., and Magoulick, D.D., 2026, Hydrologic variability drives environmental and geospatial relationships in Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) distribution: Science of the Total Environment, v. 1025, 181562, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181562.","productDescription":"181562, 9 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176491","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502098,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2026.181562","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502032,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozark-Ouachita Interior Highlands","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.06835076729865,\n 37.54392591075137\n ],\n [\n -95.58753725694291,\n 35.616131979244244\n ],\n [\n -96.86430792379102,\n 34.30485408838467\n ],\n [\n -95.13839254168458,\n 34.13182914589751\n ],\n [\n -93.02844126052034,\n 33.84485206480821\n ],\n [\n -91.20526644252189,\n 35.93662462412837\n ],\n [\n -90.46426221649432,\n 38.03635872039271\n ],\n [\n -95.06835076729865,\n 37.54392591075137\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"1025","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sorensen, Sarah F.","contributorId":369126,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sorensen","given":"Sarah","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fox, J. Tyler","contributorId":369127,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fox","given":"J.","middleInitial":"Tyler","affiliations":[{"id":6623,"text":"University of Arkansas","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Magoulick, Daniel D. 0000-0001-9665-5957 danmag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9665-5957","contributorId":2513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magoulick","given":"Daniel","email":"danmag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70274636,"text":"70274636 - 2026 - Seasonal and hydrologic variation influences habitat and functional structure of stream fish assemblages","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-02T17:32:18.629216","indexId":"70274636","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-08T10:25:49","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":16456,"text":"Frontiers in Enviornmental Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Seasonal and hydrologic variation influences habitat and functional structure of stream fish assemblages","docAbstract":"Introduction:
Hydrologic variability is a key driver of ecological structure in lotic systems, shaping habitat conditions, taxonomic diversity, and the functional traits that mediate species’ persistence and performance (e.g., reproductive success). While many studies examine taxonomic responses to variation in flows, few evaluate how spatiotemporal hydrologic variation influences the functional organization within stream fish communities.
Methods:
We quantified seasonal habitat structure and functional trait diversity of fish assemblages across six Ozark Plateau headwater streams representing two contrasting flow regimes: Groundwater Flashy and Runoff/Intermittent Flashy. Fish and habitat data were collected seasonally during a dry year (2002) and a wet year (2003). Functional space was constructed using PCoA of morphological, ecological, and life-history traits, and functional diversity was measured using community weighted means (CWMs), functional richness (FRic), functional evenness (FEve), and functional divergence (FDiv).
Results:
We found that habitat structure differed strongly by flow regime and season, with Runoff/Intermittent streams exhibiting pronounced reductions in depth, area, and velocity, while groundwater streams remained structurally stable. Functional identity of assemblages was similar across flow regimes, dominated by benthic, hydrodynamic taxa with opportunistic and periodic life-history strategies. However, functional structure differed significantly: FEve and FDiv were consistently lower in Runoff/Intermittent Flashy streams in both years, indicating assemblage dominance of species with similar trait combinations and reduced trait partitioning under variable flow. FRic and taxonomic richness remained stable across seasons and flow regimes, suggesting high functional redundancy despite species turnover.
Discussion:
Together, results show that flow regime mediates both habitat structural stability and functional organization. As climatic warming and extreme drought increase hydrologic instability in headwaters, functional trait approaches provide a sensitive tool for detecting losses of functional roles that may not be evident by using taxonomic metrics alone.
Ciénegas are rare wetlands in arid landscapes of the North American Southwest, historically providing critical ecological and hydrological functions but increasingly threatened by changing climate and land use pressures. This study quantifies changes in ciénega condition and floodplain dynamics using a state-and-transition model (STM) informed by expert knowledge and remote sensing. Key factors include woody plant encroachment, water availability, and soil aggradation. We mapped 31 ciénegas with high-resolution imagery and analyzed Landsat data (1985–2023) to assess vegetation health and moisture using the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) and Normalized Difference Infrared Index (NDII). Results show substantial interannual variability in phenology, water stress, and soil moisture, with regional drying and elevation strongly influencing ciénega resilience. We classified ciénegas into three functional states—healthy, desiccated, and dormant—and mapped their 2023 condition. Trend analyses indicate most ciénegas exhibit greening despite drought, though localized variability underscores the need for site-specific management. None are in a stable climax (reference) state; rather, they transition among states in response to external drivers. Increasing woody plant cover and surface drying, likely linked to declining regional water tables, favor deep-rooted species over wetland grasses—a pattern mirrored in adjacent control plots. Spatially explicit analysis revealed intra-ciénega variability often masked by aggregated data, highlighting the importance of high-resolution monitoring. Seasonal and long-term trends provide context for understanding ciénega dynamics, including degradation and restoration pathways. This study emphasizes the importance of groundwater conservation and demonstrates how remote sensing supports long-term monitoring. The STM framework offers a practical tool for adaptive management to sustain freshwater resources in arid environments.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114741","usgsCitation":"Norman, L., Petrakis, R.E., Wilson, N.R., Middleton, B.R., Villarreal, M.L., Pollock, M., Minckley, T.A., and Hendrickson, D., 2026, Satellite time series analysis to quantify changing climax ciénegas using a state and transition model approach: Ecological Indicators, v. 184, 114741, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114741.","productDescription":"114741, 16 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179305","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolind.2026.114741","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501477,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Mexico, United States","state":"Arizona, New Mexico","otherGeospatial":"Sonora","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -112.05152972005978,\n 33.0768867725987\n ],\n [\n -112.05152972005978,\n 29.88732922369421\n ],\n [\n -108.36301240182003,\n 29.88732922369421\n ],\n [\n -108.36301240182003,\n 33.0768867725987\n ],\n [\n -112.05152972005978,\n 33.0768867725987\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"184","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Norman, Laura M. 0000-0002-3696-8406","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3696-8406","contributorId":203300,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Norman","given":"Laura M.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petrakis, Roy E. 0000-0001-8932-077X rpetrakis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8932-077X","contributorId":174623,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petrakis","given":"Roy","email":"rpetrakis@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wilson, Natalie R. 0000-0001-5145-1221 nrwilson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5145-1221","contributorId":214982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilson","given":"Natalie","email":"nrwilson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":957549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Middleton, Barry R.","contributorId":367728,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Middleton","given":"Barry","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36921,"text":"Ret. 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Floodplains temporarily store water and slow flow velocity to promote sedimentation during overbank flooding and remove inorganic nitrogen from floodwater and groundwater via denitrification. Evaluating the impacts of different restoration strategies on denitrification can inform more strategic investments into floodplain modifications that improve water quality outcomes. Our research investigates how denitrification rates in floodplains respond to environmental factors that are actionable from an engineering perspective through design and water resources management. We seasonally measured soil denitrification enzyme activity and various environmental characteristics in 4 floodplains with different restoration design and management approaches at the confluence of the Wabash and Tippecanoe Rivers in Indiana, United States. Our results showed that denitrification rates in an agricultural floodplain were significantly lower than in restored floodplains with native vegetation. Certain soil conditions characteristic of floodplain wetlands were associated with higher denitrification, particularly elevated total nitrogen, moisture, silt, and organic matter contents. Vegetation species composition was correlated with denitrification rates. This link may reflect the direct effects of vegetation on soil conditions, such as supplying labile organic carbon, or indirect effects, such as vegetation acting as an indicator of hydrologic regime and land use. Denitrification seasonally varied, peaking in winter when nitrate supply from rivers draining agricultural watersheds in the region is also high. Substrate limitation of soil denitrification enzyme activity was most significant during the summer when overbank flooding, which replenishes soil nitrogen stocks, rarely occurs. Our findings indicate that denitrification capacity will likely be maximized in riverine floodplains that are restored as wetlands with diverse native vegetation and enhanced hydrologic connectivity. Such restoration activities promote higher denitrification rates via elevated moisture, fine sediment deposition, and soil organic matter.
","language":"English","publisher":"University of Vermont Press","doi":"10.70793/jeed.13","usgsCitation":"Lay, D.W., McMillan, S.W., Hosen, J.D., Dey, S., and Noe, G.E., 2026, Assessing environmental drivers of denitrification in restored riverine floodplains: Journal of Ecological Engineering Design, v. 4, no. 1, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.70793/jeed.13.","productDescription":"17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179949","costCenters":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":502474,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.70793/jeed.13","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":502206,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Tippecanoe River, Wabash River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.73421342718163,\n 40.54578001376902\n ],\n [\n -86.77854172394578,\n 40.56893409536539\n ],\n [\n -86.85226822336595,\n 40.486689152088985\n ],\n [\n -86.83272067583472,\n 40.46994703338217\n ],\n [\n -86.73421342718163,\n 40.54578001376902\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-05","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lay, Danielle Winter","contributorId":369252,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lay","given":"Danielle","middleInitial":"Winter","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McMillan, Sara W.","contributorId":369253,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMillan","given":"Sara","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":6911,"text":"Iowa State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hosen, Jacob D.","contributorId":369254,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hosen","given":"Jacob","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13186,"text":"Purdue University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Dey, Sayan","contributorId":369255,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dey","given":"Sayan","affiliations":[{"id":30787,"text":"Saint Louis University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":958694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":958695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275205,"text":"70275205 - 2026 - Stream macroinvertebrate responses vary with region, land use and management practice type","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-22T14:34:11.340833","indexId":"70275205","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-06T09:21:44","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2258,"text":"Journal of Environmental Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stream macroinvertebrate responses vary with region, land use and management practice type","docAbstract":"Intensive land use alters hydrology and water quality, threatening freshwater benthic macroinvertebrates. Over 200,000 management practices (MPs) have been implemented across the Chesapeake Bay watershed since the 1980s, yet biological responses remain inconsistent. We synthesized 29 studies from 4 physiographic provinces covering 8 MP categories and evaluated macroinvertebrate responses along MP gradients using structural (richness), functional (biomass), tolerance, and biotic metrics. We hypothesized that MPs enhancing habitat complexity or restoring flow regimes would benefit taxa sensitive to sediment, hydrologic instability and organic pollution, with outcomes shaped by regional context, land use, and chosen metrics. Four themes emerged. (i) Agricultural Riparian Forest Buffers (RFBs) consistently improved sensitive metrics related to abundance, biomass and richness. (ii) Urban streams with Stream Habitat Improvement and Management (SHIM) showed improved richness and diversity, but biomass and tolerance metrics declined or remained neutral, indicating unresolved hydrologic and pollutant stress. (iii) Structural and functional responses diverged: effect sizes for total and feeding-group biomasses (functional metrics) were negative, whereas genus-level Ephemeroptera-Plecoptera-Trichoptera (EPT) richness (structural metric) was positive, indicating that structural shifts may not track underlying production changes. (iv) Physiographic comparisons showed counterintuitive patterns, as RFBs improved EPT richness in Piedmont streams but had negative effects in the Coastal Plain. Evaluating MP effectiveness requires distinguishing a no-MP pathway (stressors → instream conditions → assemblages → responses) from an MP-mediated pathway (practice regime → modified stressors → instream conditions → assemblages → responses), underscoring the need for region-specific, multi-metric monitoring and improved understanding of MP density thresholds and recovery lags.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129172","collaboration":"Virginia Tech, USGS","usgsCitation":"Sabat-Bonilla, S.A., Belvin, A.C., Noe, G.E., Maloney, K.O., Frimpong, E.A., Angermeier, P., and Entrekin. Sally E., 2026, Stream macroinvertebrate responses vary with region, land use and management practice type: Journal of Environmental Management, v. 403, 129172, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129172.","productDescription":"129172, 14 p.","ipdsId":"IP-181470","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":503441,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jenvman.2026.129172","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":503299,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"eastern contiguous United States","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -101.0436249,\n 29.3328733\n ],\n [\n -99.6425005,\n 27.5074215\n ],\n [\n -98.8640981,\n 26.211199\n ],\n [\n -97.3591867,\n 25.8848423\n ],\n [\n -96.9440387,\n 27.8291374\n ],\n [\n -93.6747485,\n 29.4233134\n ],\n [\n -89.2638014,\n 28.9703115\n ],\n [\n -85.7350438,\n 29.5136731\n ],\n [\n -84.0744519,\n 29.6490614\n ],\n [\n -81.7392446,\n 25.0885121\n ],\n [\n -80.1824398,\n 24.9003778\n ],\n [\n -79.8191853,\n 26.5366431\n ],\n [\n -81.1684162,\n 31.3037444\n ],\n [\n -75.0968772,\n 35.2926383\n ],\n [\n -75.4082382,\n 37.5061126\n ],\n [\n -73.2287114,\n 40.0542222\n ],\n [\n -71.9832675,\n 41.0008498\n ],\n [\n -69.3885927,\n 41.5856895\n ],\n [\n -70.0632082,\n 42.2421607\n ],\n [\n -72.450309,\n 41.1573197\n ],\n [\n -73.5400724,\n 41.1963789\n ],\n [\n -73.6438594,\n 43.1574323\n ],\n [\n -77.6396585,\n 43.1574323\n ],\n [\n -81.7911381,\n 41.2744275\n ],\n [\n -86.3577657,\n 34.4838855\n ],\n [\n -88.5372925,\n 37.5884002\n ],\n [\n -92.5849851,\n 34.5266496\n ],\n [\n -97.9300151,\n 34.6121119\n ],\n [\n -98.8122046,\n 31.4809337\n ],\n [\n -101.0436249,\n 29.3328733\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"403","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-06","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabat-Bonilla, Sergio A.","contributorId":370289,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sabat-Bonilla","given":"Sergio","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belvin, Abigail C.","contributorId":370290,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Belvin","given":"Abigail","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Noe, Gregory E. 0000-0002-6661-2646 gnoe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6661-2646","contributorId":139100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Noe","given":"Gregory","email":"gnoe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Maloney, Kelly O. 0000-0003-2304-0745 kmaloney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2304-0745","contributorId":4636,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maloney","given":"Kelly","email":"kmaloney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Frimpong, Emmanuel A.","contributorId":370293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Frimpong","given":"Emmanuel","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960120,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Angermeier, Paul L. 0000-0003-2864-170X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2864-170X","contributorId":204519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angermeier","given":"Paul L.","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":960121,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Entrekin. 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Sally E.","affiliations":[{"id":25550,"text":"Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":960122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274192,"text":"ofr20261066 - 2026 - Floods of June 2024 in northwestern Iowa","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-13T17:07:59.33217","indexId":"ofr20261066","displayToPublicDate":"2026-03-05T11:00:46","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1066","displayTitle":"Floods of June 2024 in Northwestern Iowa","title":"Floods of June 2024 in northwestern Iowa","docAbstract":"Following a heavy, multiday rainfall event that took place between June 20 and June 22, 2024, widespread flooding occurred in parts of northwestern Iowa. Ten U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) streamgages with periods of record ranging from 56 to 99 years in length experienced new peaks of record, three of which were more than double the previous peak-of-record: 06483500 (Rock River near Rock Valley, Iowa), 06605850 (Little Sioux River at Linn Grove, Iowa), and 06606600 (Little Sioux River at Correctionville, Iowa). A Presidential declaration of a major disaster for the State of Iowa was approved on June 24, 2024, and the cost of the flooding is estimated at over $310 million. The severity of this flooding prompted the USGS, in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation, to summarize the meteorological and hydrological conditions preceding the flooding, compile estimates of the magnitude of peak flows resulting from the flooding, and update estimates of peak-flow frequency for selected USGS streamgages. Of the 33 streamgages analyzed, a peak streamflow occurred that corresponded to an annual exceedance probability of less than 4 percent at 13 streamgages, an annual exceedance probability of less than 1 percent at 6 streamgages, and an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.2 percent at 1 streamgage.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261066","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation","usgsCitation":"Marti, M.K., and O’Shea, P.S., 2026, Floods of June 2024 in northwestern Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1066, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261066.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 16 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"26","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-175807","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500762,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261066/full"},{"id":500761,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/images/"},{"id":500760,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/ofr20261066.XML"},{"id":500759,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/ofr20261066.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1066"},{"id":500758,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1066/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":501165,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119301.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":500763,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P1JFCNSZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for U.S. Geological Survey streamgages in northwestern Iowa, based on data through water year 2024"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -96.667,\n 43.6\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 41.667\n ],\n [\n -93,\n 43.6\n ],\n [\n -96.667,\n 43.6\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, Iowa 52240
In arid and semi-arid regions, groundwater sustains vegetation through subsurface water access, yet the responses of groundwater-dependent ecosystems (GDEs) to changing hydroclimate and groundwater availability are relatively understudied. This study investigates seasonal and spatial patterns in vegetation greenness using Landsat Enhanced Vegetation Index (EVI) values across riparian and upland zones in the semi-arid Upper San Pedro (USP) watershed, southern Arizona, which experiences a bimodal precipitation regime. We paired 25 years (2000–2024) of EVI and depth to groundwater (DTG) data from 89 wells and climate metrics (precipitation and vapour pressure deficit) to quantify the sensitivity of vegetation to subsurface moisture as well as atmospheric moisture supply and demand. Vegetation at wells near the USP riparian area showed strong associations between EVI and DTG anomalies during the monsoon season, indicating sustained groundwater use even during this wet period when summer precipitation is abundant. In contrast, upland vegetation that lacked access to groundwater showed minimal sensitivity in EVI to DTG and was generally less responsive to vapour pressure deficit. Interestingly, the riparian GDEs were not decoupled from precipitation and climate variability. These results underscore the importance of groundwater for maintaining riparian productivity and highlight the utility of remote sensing in identifying vegetation-climate-groundwater linkages across heterogeneous dryland landscapes.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.70405","usgsCitation":"Bromley, F., Borxton, P., Zhang, J., van Leeuwen, W.J., Nagler, P., and Hu, J., 2026, Groundwater dependency and hydroclimatic influences on riparian and upland vegetation productivity, Upper San Pedro, Arizona, United States: Hydrological Processes, v. 40, no. 3, e70405, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70405.","productDescription":"e70405, 18 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180542","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":501360,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.70405","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":501145,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Pedro watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -110.31987279028372,\n 31.82228360728554\n ],\n [\n -110.31987279028372,\n 31.379497469636988\n ],\n [\n -109.98150823782808,\n 31.379497469636988\n ],\n [\n -109.98150823782808,\n 31.82228360728554\n ],\n [\n -110.31987279028372,\n 31.82228360728554\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"40","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bromley, Fern 0000-0003-0596-1487","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0596-1487","contributorId":367222,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bromley","given":"Fern","affiliations":[{"id":36671,"text":"School of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957082,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Borxton, Patrick 0000-0002-2665-6820","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2665-6820","contributorId":248510,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Borxton","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":49935,"text":"2University of Arizona, School of Natural Resources and the Environment","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957083,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zhang, Jiaqi","contributorId":202467,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jiaqi","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36453,"text":"University of Texas, Arlington, TX, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":957084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"van Leeuwen, Willem J.D. 0000-0002-3188-7172","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3188-7172","contributorId":191856,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"van Leeuwen","given":"Willem","middleInitial":"J.D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagler, Pamela L. 0000-0003-0674-103X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0674-103X","contributorId":363777,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagler","given":"Pamela","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":957086,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hu, Jia","contributorId":367226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hu","given":"Jia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":957087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70274150,"text":"70274150 - 2026 - Urbanization alters riverine fluorescent dissolved organic matter characteristics in a forested city – metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia (USA)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-03-02T14:49:19.406602","indexId":"70274150","displayToPublicDate":"2026-02-27T08:39:47","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1561,"text":"Environmental Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Urbanization alters riverine fluorescent dissolved organic matter characteristics in a forested city – metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia (USA)","docAbstract":"Streams and rivers in urban watersheds are predicted to export more bioreactive, autochthonous dissolved organic matter (DOM) relative to forested watersheds. However, the spatial and temporal variations of DOM quality in forested urban watersheds remain uncertain, and their relationships with socioeconomic conditions, biological characteristics, and the built environment are understudied. We measured optical properties of fluorescent DOM (FDOM) in 93 streams spanning a gradient of land-use and land cover during four seasons in metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia, USA. Streamwater FDOM was dominated by humic substances from anthropogenic (41%) and terrestrial origin (41.5%). Impervious surface cover was the strongest predictor, which was positively correlated with anthropogenically- and autochthonously-derived FDOM. Overwater canopy cover was positively associated with autochthonous FDOM, and housing age increased diagenetic FDOM. FDOM was more proteinaceous during low-flow conditions (fall, winter), and more allochthonous humic-like FDOM was detected during periods of higher flows (spring, summer). Interestingly, wastewater-related FDOM proxies were highest during low flows, suggesting that sewer exfiltration is a pervasive source and is diluted by other inputs during high flows. Overall, seasonal patterns in FDOM quality were associated with changes in hydrology, and FDOM was primarily humic throughout the year, a pattern likely driven by ubiquitous forest canopy cover. Our results highlight the importance of urban forests in mediating aquatic carbon cycling and provide a template for future studies that integrate sociodemographic and infrastructure information into studies of watershed biogeochemistry, especially in regions undergoing rapid, intense, and localized urban development.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.envres.2026.124085","usgsCitation":"Chen, S., Hale, R., Hopkins, K.G., Ortiz Muñoz, L., Kominoski, J., Ledford, S., and Capps, K., 2026, Urbanization alters riverine fluorescent dissolved organic matter characteristics in a forested city – metropolitan Atlanta, Georgia (USA): Environmental Research, v. 297, 124085, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envres.2026.124085.","productDescription":"124085, 15 p.","ipdsId":"IP-183715","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500667,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia","city":"Atlanta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -84.1667,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -84.7,\n 34\n ],\n [\n -84.7,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -84.1667,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -84.1667,\n 34\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"297","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-02-27","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Chen, Shuo","contributorId":343806,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Shuo","affiliations":[{"id":13510,"text":"Smithsonian Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hale, Rebecca","contributorId":348368,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hale","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":38154,"text":"Idaho State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hopkins, Kristina G. 0000-0003-1699-9384 khopkins@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1699-9384","contributorId":195604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hopkins","given":"Kristina","email":"khopkins@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":956694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ortiz Muñoz, Liz","contributorId":343807,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ortiz Muñoz","given":"Liz","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kominoski, John","contributorId":298258,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kominoski","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":7017,"text":"Florida International University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ledford, Sarah","contributorId":300624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ledford","given":"Sarah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":52554,"text":"Georgia State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956697,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Capps, Krista A.","contributorId":270490,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Capps","given":"Krista A.","affiliations":[{"id":12697,"text":"University of Georgia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":956698,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70274110,"text":"tm18B1 - 2026 - RoadxStr user’s guide—For collection of road-stream crossing assessment field observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-04-10T15:13:19.002502","indexId":"tm18B1","displayToPublicDate":"2026-02-26T14:28:28","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"18-B1","displayTitle":"RoadxStr User’s Guide—For Collection of Road-Stream Crossing Assessment Field Observations","title":"RoadxStr user’s guide—For collection of road-stream crossing assessment field observations","docAbstract":"Intersections of drainage networks and road networks represent a critical nexus between natural waterways and human infrastructure. Managing these systems involves decisions related to management of infrastructure, hydrologic and geomorphic processes, and ecological connectivity. Interactions among these systems influence multiple values, including the intactness of transportation networks, public safety, water quality, and ecosystem function that collectively amount to billions of dollars. Despite the importance of road-stream crossings, there are countless gaps in knowing where and what they are. These gaps limit the degree to which managers can inventory and assess stream and road networks to inform decisions. To address this first-level need, we developed RoadxStr (road-stream crossings): a survey tool that effectively characterizes road-stream crossings across the full stream and drainage network. This document describes the RoadxStr Field Form, available within a mobile application, which is designed for rapid and standardized data collection involving assessment of a road-stream crossing, including the road, crossing structure(s), and the nearby hydrologic channel. This document provides instructions on how to (1) access and download the RoadxStr Field Form within the mobile application service and (2) use and complete a RoadxStr Field Form survey.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm18B1","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Land Management and U.S. Forest Service","usgsCitation":"Heaston, E., Winter, S., Bauer, S., Ronningen, T., and Dunham, J., 2026, RoadxStr user’s guide—For collection of road-stream crossing assessment field observations: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 18, chap. B1, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/tm18B1.","productDescription":"vii, 32 p.","numberOfPages":"44","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-176750","costCenters":[{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":500545,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/18/b1/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":500546,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/18/b1/tm18B1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"TM 18-B1"},{"id":500547,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/18/b1/tm18B1.XML"},{"id":500549,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/tm18B1/full"},{"id":500548,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/18/b1/images/"}],"contact":"Director, Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center Corvallis Research Group
3200 SW Jefferson Way
Corvallis, OR 97331
fresc_outreach@usgs.gov