{"pageNumber":"2","pageRowStart":"25","pageSize":"25","recordCount":36,"records":[{"id":70197944,"text":"70197944 - 2015 - 2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-06-28T16:28:25","indexId":"70197944","displayToPublicDate":"2015-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters","docAbstract":"The strongest San Francisco Bay area earthquake since the 1989 Mw 7.0 Loma Prieta shock struck near Napa on 24 August 2014. Field mapping (Dawson et al., 2014; Earthquake Engineering Research Institute [EERI], 2014; Brocher et al., 2015) and seismic and geodetic source inversions (Barnhart et al., 2015; Dreger et al., 2015; Wei et al., 2015) indicate that a 15-km-long northwest-trending section of the West Napa Valley fault ruptured in the earthquake. Remarkably, it was the first indisputable surface rupture in the Bay area since 1906. The Napa event, along with other smaller earthquakes such as the 1980 Mw 5.8 Livermore and 1984 Mw 6.2 Morgan Hill events on the Calaveras and Hayward faults over the past 3–4 decades, may indicate that the Bay area region is emerging from the stress shadow of the 1906 Mw 7.8 San Francisco earthquake (Harris and Simpson, 1998; Pollitz et al., 2004). Since 1979, there has been a 140% increase in the rate of Mw≥4.1 shocks (Fig. 1) in the broader Bay area, with most concentrated in a corridor extending north from the 1989 Loma Prieta aftershock zone through the Calaveras, Greenville, Green Valley, Napa, and Rodgers Creek faults east of the San Francisco Bay (Fig. 1a). This corridor roughly coincides with the 1906 stress shadow that is being eroded away by more than a century of stress reaccumulation. The Napa event, as well as the surrounding faults on which we calculate the resulting hazard increases, all lie within this zone.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1785/0220150102","usgsCitation":"Toda, S., and Stein, R., 2015, 2014 M=6.0 South Napa earthquake triggered widespread aftershocks and stressed several major faults and exotic fault clusters: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 6, p. 1593-1602, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150102.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1593","endPage":"1602","ipdsId":"IP-065333","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":355415,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -121.16271972656249,\n 36.804886560237236\n ],\n [\n -121.16271972656249,\n 38.69408504756833\n ],\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 38.69408504756833\n ],\n [\n -123.5357666015625,\n 36.804886560237236\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5b46e9b7e4b060350a15d34c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":739267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stein, Ross","contributorId":206051,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":739266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70159632,"text":"70159632 - 2015 - Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-15T11:07:58","indexId":"70159632","displayToPublicDate":"2015-11-16T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California","docAbstract":"

The A.D. 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake, despite its moderate magnitude, caused significant damage to the Napa Valley in northern California (USA). Surface rupture occurred along several mapped and unmapped faults. Field observations following the earthquake indicated that the magnitude of postseismic surface slip was likely to approach or exceed the maximum coseismic surface slip and as such presented ongoing hazard to infrastructure. Using a laser scanner, we monitored postseismic deformation in three dimensions through time along 0.5 km of the main surface rupture. A key component of this study is the demonstration of proper alignment of repeat surveys using point cloud–based methods that minimize error imposed by both local survey errors and global navigation satellite system georeferencing errors. Using solid modeling of natural and cultural features, we quantify dextral postseismic displacement at several hundred points near the main fault trace. We also quantify total dextral displacement of initially straight cultural features. Total dextral displacement from both coseismic displacement and the first 2.5 d of postseismic displacement ranges from 0.22 to 0.29 m. This range increased to 0.33–0.42 m at 59 d post-earthquake. Furthermore, we estimate up to 0.15 m of vertical deformation during the first 2.5 d post-earthquake, which then increased by ∼0.02 m at 59 d post-earthquake. This vertical deformation is not expressed as a distinct step or scarp at the fault trace but rather as a broad up-to-the-west zone of increasing elevation change spanning the fault trace over several tens of meters, challenging common notions about fault scarp development in strike-slip systems. Integrating these analyses provides three-dimensional mapping of surface deformation and identifies spatial variability in slip along the main fault trace that we attribute to distributed slip via subtle block rotation. These results indicate the benefits of laser scanner surveys along active faults and demonstrate that fine-scale variability in fault slip has been missed by traditional earthquake response methods.

","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/GES01189.1","usgsCitation":"DeLong, S.B., Lienkaemper, J.J., Pickering, A.J., and Avdievitch, N.N., 2015, Rates and patterns of surface deformation from laser scanning following the South Napa earthquake, California: Geosphere, v. 11, no. 6, p. 2015-2030, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES01189.1.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"2015","endPage":"2030","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-063802","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471646,"rank":4,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges01189.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":438668,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F71N7Z89","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"3D point cloud data from laser scanning along the 2014 South Napa Earthquake surface rupture (2016)"},{"id":311373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":335479,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.5066/F71N7Z89","text":"3D point cloud data from laser scanning along the 2014 South Napa Earthquake surface rupture, California, USA"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.37979888916016,\n 38.2354834596579\n ],\n [\n -122.37979888916016,\n 38.278348508036814\n ],\n [\n -122.30461120605469,\n 38.278348508036814\n ],\n [\n -122.30461120605469,\n 38.2354834596579\n ],\n [\n -122.37979888916016,\n 38.2354834596579\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"11","issue":"6","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-11-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564afe32e4b0ebfbef0d3118","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"DeLong, Stephen B. 0000-0002-0945-2172 sdelong@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0945-2172","contributorId":5240,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLong","given":"Stephen","email":"sdelong@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, James J. 0000-0002-7578-7042 jlienk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7578-7042","contributorId":1941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"James","email":"jlienk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pickering, Alexandra J. 0000-0002-1281-6117 apickering@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1281-6117","contributorId":5990,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pickering","given":"Alexandra","email":"apickering@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":579799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Avdievitch, Nikita N.","contributorId":143693,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avdievitch","given":"Nikita","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":15304,"text":"University of Tubingen, Wilhelmstrasse 56, Tugingen, GER 72076","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":579800,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156829,"text":"70156829 - 2015 - Borehole strainmeter measurements spanning the 2014, Mw6.0 South Napa Earthquake, California: The effect from instrument calibration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-18T16:19:37","indexId":"70156829","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-05T06:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2312,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Borehole strainmeter measurements spanning the 2014, Mw6.0 South Napa Earthquake, California: The effect from instrument calibration","docAbstract":"

The 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake produced significant offsets on 12 borehole strainmeters in the San Francisco Bay area. These strainmeters are located between 24 and 80 km from the source and the observed offsets ranged up to 400 parts-per-billion (ppb), which exceeds their nominal precision by a factor of 100. However, the observed offsets of tidally calibrated strains differ by up to 130 ppb from predictions based on a moment tensor derived from seismic data. The large misfit can be attributed to a combination of poor instrument calibration and better modeling of the strain fit from the earthquake. Borehole strainmeters require in-situ calibration, which historically has been accomplished by comparing their measurements of Earth tides with the strain-tides predicted by a model. Although the borehole strainmeter accurately measure the deformation within the borehole, the long-wavelength strain signals from tides or other tectonic processes recorded in the borehole are modified by the presence of the borehole and the elastic properties of the grout and the instrument. Previous analyses of surface-mounted, strainmeter data and their relationship with the predicted tides suggest that tidal models could be in error by 30%. The poor fit of the borehole strainmeter data from this earthquake can be improved by simultaneously varying the components of the model tides up to 30% and making small adjustments to the point-source model of the earthquake, which reduces the RMS misfit from 130 ppb to 18 ppb. This suggests that relying on tidal models to calibrate borehole strainmeters significantly reduces their accuracy.

","language":"English","publisher":"William Byrd Press for John Hopkins Press","publisherLocation":"Richmond, VA","doi":"10.1002/2015JB012278","usgsCitation":"Langbein, J.O., 2015, Borehole strainmeter measurements spanning the 2014, Mw6.0 South Napa Earthquake, California: The effect from instrument calibration: Journal of Geophysical Research, v. 120, no. 10, p. 7190-7202, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015JB012278.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"7190","endPage":"7202","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-065802","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":471734,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015jb012278","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":311547,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Napa","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.54425048828125,\n 37.903032319353656\n ],\n [\n -122.54425048828125,\n 38.48261976950729\n ],\n [\n -122.00729370117188,\n 38.48261976950729\n ],\n [\n -122.00729370117188,\n 37.903032319353656\n ],\n [\n -122.54425048828125,\n 37.903032319353656\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"120","issue":"10","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf45e4b0112df6c62df0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langbein, John O. 0000-0002-7821-8101 langbein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7821-8101","contributorId":3293,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langbein","given":"John","email":"langbein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70193652,"text":"70193652 - 2015 - Delayed dynamic triggering of deep tremor along the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault following the 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-02T13:46:22","indexId":"70193652","displayToPublicDate":"2015-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delayed dynamic triggering of deep tremor along the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault following the 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"

Large, distant earthquakes are known to trigger deep tectonic tremor along the San Andreas Fault and in subduction zones. However, there are relatively few observations of triggering from regional distance earthquakes. Here we show that a small tremor episode about 12–18 km NW of Parkfield was triggered during and immediately following the passage of surface waves from the 2014 Mw 6.0 South Napa main shock. More notably, a major tremor episode followed, beginning about 12 h later, and centered SE of Parkfield near Cholame. This major episode is one of the largest seen over the past several years, containing intense activity for ~3 days and taking more than 3 weeks to return to background levels. This episode showed systematic along-strike migration at ~5 km/d, suggesting that it was driven by a slow-slip event. Our results suggest that moderate-size earthquakes are capable of triggering major tremor and deep slow slip at regional distances.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2015GL065277","usgsCitation":"Peng, Z., Shelly, D.R., and Ellsworth, W.L., 2015, Delayed dynamic triggering of deep tremor along the Parkfield-Cholame section of the San Andreas Fault following the 2014 M6.0 South Napa earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 42, no. 19, p. 7916-7922, https://doi.org/10.1002/2015GL065277.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"7916","endPage":"7922","ipdsId":"IP-066859","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472007,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2015gl065277","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":348100,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -124,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 35\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -124,\n 35\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"42","issue":"19","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-10-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59fc2ea8e4b0531197b27f93","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peng, Zhigang","contributorId":199689,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peng","given":"Zhigang","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":719762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelly, David R. dshelly@usgs.gov","contributorId":2978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelly","given":"David","email":"dshelly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":719763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70189617,"text":"70189617 - 2015 - Unusual downhole and surface free-field records near the Carquinez Strait bridges during the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-19T11:12:18","indexId":"70189617","displayToPublicDate":"2015-05-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Unusual downhole and surface free-field records near the Carquinez Strait bridges during the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake","docAbstract":"This paper reports the results of Part A of a study of the recorded strong-motion accelerations at the well-instrumented network of the two side-by-side parallel bridges over the Carquinez Strait during the 24 August 2014 (Mw6.0 ) South Napa, Calif. earthquake that occurred at 03:20:44 PDT with epicentral coordinates 38.22N, 122.31W. (http://earthquake.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eqarchives/poster/2014/20140824.php, last accessed on October 17, 2014). Both bridges and two boreholes were instrumented by the California Strong motion Instrumentation Program (CSMIP) of California Geological Survey (CGS) (Shakal et al., 2014). A comprehensive comparison of several ground motion prediction equations as they relate to recorded ground motions of the earthquake is provided by Baltay and Boatright (2015).","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150041","usgsCitation":"Çelebi, M., Ghahari, S.F., and Taciroglu, E., 2015, Unusual downhole and surface free-field records near the Carquinez Strait bridges during the 24 August 2014 Mw6.0 South Napa, California earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 4, p. 1128-1134, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150041.","productDescription":"7 p. ","startPage":"1128","endPage":"1134","ipdsId":"IP-063251","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344020,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Carquinez Strait","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.2364616394043,\n 38.05113260504745\n ],\n [\n -122.21405982971191,\n 38.05113260504745\n ],\n [\n -122.21405982971191,\n 38.0732982168587\n ],\n [\n -122.2364616394043,\n 38.0732982168587\n ],\n [\n -122.2364616394043,\n 38.05113260504745\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-05-27","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59706fbae4b0d1f9f065a8cb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Çelebi, Mehmet 0000-0002-4769-7357 celebi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4769-7357","contributorId":3205,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Çelebi","given":"Mehmet","email":"celebi@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":705455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ghahari, S. Farid","contributorId":194837,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ghahari","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"Farid","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taciroglu, Ertugrul","contributorId":176616,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Taciroglu","given":"Ertugrul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":705457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70142429,"text":"70142429 - 2015 - The Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T12:57:58","indexId":"70142429","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-05T14:30:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"

The Mw 6.0 South Napa earthquake, which occurred at 10:20 UTC 24 August 2014 was the largest earthquake to strike the greater San Francisco Bay area since the Mw 6.9 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake. The rupture from this right‐lateral earthquake propagated mostly unilaterally to the north and up‐dip, directing the strongest shaking toward the city of Napa, where peak ground accelerations (PGAs) between 45%g and 61%g were recorded and modified Mercalli intensities (MMIs) of VII–VIII were reported. Tectonic surface rupture with dextral slip of up to 46 cm was observed on a 12.5 km long segment, some of which was along a previously mapped strand of the West Napa fault system, although the rupture extended to the north of the mapped Quaternary strand. Modeling of seismic and geodetic data suggests an average coseismic slip of 50 cm, with a maximum slip of about 1 m at depths of 10–11 km. We observed up to 35 cm of afterslip along the surface trace in the week following the mainshock, primarily along the southern half of the surface rupture that experienced relatively little coseismic offset. Relocation of the sparse aftershock sequence suggests en echelon southwest‐ and northeast‐dipping fault planes, reflective of the complex fault geometry in this region. The Napa basin and historic and late Holocene alluvial flood deposits in downtown Napa amplified the ground motions there. Few ground failures were mapped, reflecting the dry season (as well as a persistent drought that had lowered the groundwater table) and the short duration of strong shaking in the epicentral area.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220150004","usgsCitation":"Brocher, T.M., Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., Hardebeck, J.L., Pollitz, F., Murray, J.R., Llenos, A., Schwartz, D.P., Blair, J.L., Ponti, D.J., Lienkaemper, J., Langenheim, V., Dawson, T.E., Hudnut, K.W., Shelly, D.R., Dreger, D.S., Boatwright, J., Aagaard, B.T., Wald, D.J., Allen, R.M., Barnhart, W.D., Knudsen, K.L., Brooks, B.A., and Scharer, K.M., 2015, The Mw6.0 24 August 2014 South Napa earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 309-326, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220150004.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"309","endPage":"326","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-062228","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":298312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Napa Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 37.83798775896515\n ],\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 38.74337300148126\n ],\n [\n -121.75598144531251,\n 38.74337300148126\n ],\n [\n -121.75598144531251,\n 37.83798775896515\n ],\n [\n -122.83264160156251,\n 37.83798775896515\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54f97e2de4b02419550d9b60","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brocher, Thomas M. 0000-0002-9740-839X brocher@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9740-839X","contributorId":262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brocher","given":"Thomas","email":"brocher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hardebeck, Jeanne L. 0000-0002-6737-7780 jhardebeck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6737-7780","contributorId":841,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardebeck","given":"Jeanne","email":"jhardebeck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Pollitz, Fred F. fpollitz@usgs.gov","contributorId":2408,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pollitz","given":"Fred F.","email":"fpollitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Murray, Jessica R. 0000-0002-6144-1681 jrmurray@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6144-1681","contributorId":2759,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Jessica","email":"jrmurray@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Llenos, Andrea L. allenos@usgs.gov","contributorId":139572,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Llenos","given":"Andrea L.","email":"allenos@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":541879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, David P. 0000-0001-5193-9200 dschwartz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5193-9200","contributorId":1940,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"David","email":"dschwartz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":541880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Blair, J. 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2015 - Ground motion observations of the 2014 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-03T14:47:21","indexId":"70140578","displayToPublicDate":"2015-02-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2015","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Ground motion observations of the 2014 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"

Ground motions of the South Napa earthquake (24 August 2014; M 6.0) were recorded at 19 stations within 20 km and 292 stations within 100 km of the rupture surface trace, generating peak ground motions in excess of 50%g and 50  cm/s in and near Napa Valley. This large dataset allows us to compare the ground motion from the earthquake to existing ground‐motion prediction equations (GMPEs) in considerable detail.

\n

Using the ground‐motion data compiled and reported by ShakeMap (Wald et al., 2000), we examine the peak ground acceleration (PGA) and peak ground velocity (PGV), as well as the pseudospectral acceleration (PSA) at periods of 0.3, 1.0, and 3.0 s. At the higher frequencies, especially PGA, data recorded at close distances (within ∼20  km) are very consistent with the GMPEs, implying a stress drop for this event similar to the median for California, that is, 5 MPa (Baltay and Hanks, 2014). At all frequencies, the attenuation with distance is stronger than the GMPEs would predict, which suggests the attenuation in the Napa and San Francisco Bay delta region is stronger than the average attenuation in California. The spatial plot of the ground‐motion residuals is positive to the north, in both Napa and Sonoma Valleys, consistent with increases in amplitude expected from both the directivity and basin effects. More interestingly, perhaps, there is strong ground motion to the south in the along‐strike direction, particularly for PSA at 1.0 s. These strongly positive residuals align with an older, Quaternary fault structure associated with the Franklin or Southampton fault, potentially indicating a fault‐zone‐guided wave.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0220140232","usgsCitation":"Baltay Sundstrom, A.S., and Boatwright, J., 2015, Ground motion observations of the 2014 South Napa earthquake: Seismological Research Letters, v. 86, no. 2A, p. 355-360, https://doi.org/10.1785/0220140232.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"355","endPage":"360","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061613","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299363,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.56323242187499,\n 37.330856613297144\n ],\n [\n -123.56323242187499,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -121.51977539062499,\n 38.70265930723801\n ],\n [\n -121.51977539062499,\n 37.330856613297144\n ],\n [\n -123.56323242187499,\n 37.330856613297144\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"86","issue":"2A","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2015-03-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"551fb9b8e4b027f0aee3bb0a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Baltay Sundstrom, Annemarie S. 0000-0002-6514-852X abaltay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6514-852X","contributorId":4932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baltay Sundstrom","given":"Annemarie","email":"abaltay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boatwright, John 0000-0002-6931-5241 boat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6931-5241","contributorId":1938,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boatwright","given":"John","email":"boat@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":540170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70173990,"text":"70173990 - 2014 - Stress-based aftershock forecasts made within 24h post mainshock: Expected north San Francisco Bay area seismicity changes after the 2014 M=6.0 West Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-24T11:58:28.810308","indexId":"70173990","displayToPublicDate":"2016-02-17T06:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Stress-based aftershock forecasts made within 24h post mainshock: Expected north San Francisco Bay area seismicity changes after the 2014 M=6.0 West Napa earthquake","title":"Stress-based aftershock forecasts made within 24h post mainshock: Expected north San Francisco Bay area seismicity changes after the 2014 M=6.0 West Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"

We calculate stress changes resulting from the M = 6.0 West Napa earthquake on north San Francisco Bay area faults. The earthquake ruptured within a series of long faults that pose significant hazard to the Bay area, and we are thus concerned with potential increases in the probability of a large earthquake through stress transfer. We conduct this exercise as a prospective test because the skill of stress‐based aftershock forecasting methodology is inconclusive. We apply three methods: (1) generalized mapping of regional Coulomb stress change, (2) stress changes resolved on Uniform California Earthquake Rupture Forecast faults, and (3) a mapped rate/state aftershock forecast. All calculations were completed within 24 h after the main shock and were made without benefit of known aftershocks, which will be used to evaluative the prospective forecast. All methods suggest that we should expect heightened seismicity on parts of the southern Rodgers Creek, northern Hayward, and Green Valley faults.

","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1002/2014GL062379","usgsCitation":"Parsons, T.E., Segou, M., Sevilgen, V., Milner, K., Field, E., Toda, S., and Stein, R.S., 2014, Stress-based aftershock forecasts made within 24h post mainshock: Expected north San Francisco Bay area seismicity changes after the 2014 M=6.0 West Napa earthquake: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 41, p. 8792-8799, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL062379.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"8792","endPage":"8799","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-061472","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":472501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/2014gl062379","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":324157,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Marin County, Napa County, Solanoa County, Sonoma County","city":"San Francisco","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 37.73162487017297\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -122.09243774414062,\n 38.487994609214795\n ],\n [\n -122.09243774414062,\n 37.73162487017297\n ],\n [\n -123.167724609375,\n 37.73162487017297\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"41","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2014-12-18","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"576a654be4b07657d1a11e82","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parsons, Thomas E. 0000-0002-0582-4338 tparsons@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0582-4338","contributorId":2314,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parsons","given":"Thomas","email":"tparsons@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Segou, Margaret","contributorId":140800,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segou","given":"Margaret","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13572,"text":"Geoscience Azur","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":640074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sevilgen, Volkan vsevilgen@usgs.gov","contributorId":3254,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sevilgen","given":"Volkan","email":"vsevilgen@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":640075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milner, Kevin","contributorId":28886,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milner","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Field, Edward H. 0000-0001-8172-7882 field@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8172-7882","contributorId":1165,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Field","given":"Edward H.","email":"field@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":640077,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Toda, Shinji","contributorId":43062,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toda","given":"Shinji","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":640078,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Stein, Ross S. 0000-0001-7586-3933 rstein@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7586-3933","contributorId":2604,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stein","given":"Ross","email":"rstein@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":640079,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70136079,"text":"70136079 - 2014 - Geodetic constraints on the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T11:43:56","indexId":"70136079","displayToPublicDate":"2015-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2014","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geodetic constraints on the 2014 M 6.0 South Napa earthquake","docAbstract":"

On 24 August 2014, the M 6.0 South Napa earthquake shook much of the San Francisco Bay area, leading to significant damage in the Napa Valley. The earthquake occurred in the vicinity of the West Napa fault (122.313° W, 38.22° N, 11.3 km), a mapped structure located between the Rodger’s Creek and Green Valley faults, with nearly pure right‐lateral strike‐slip motion (strike 157°, dip 77°, rake –169°; http://comcat.cr.usgs.gov/earthquakes/eventpage/nc72282711#summary, last accessed December 2014) (Fig. 1). The West Napa fault previously experienced an M 5 strike‐slip event in 2000 but otherwise exhibited no previous definitive evidence of historic earthquake rupture (Rodgers et al., 2008; Wesling and Hanson, 2008). Evans et al. (2012) found slip rates of ∼9.5  mm/yr along the West Napa fault, with most slip rate models for the Bay area placing higher slip rates and greater earthquake potential on the Rodger’s Creek and Green Valley faults, respectively (e.g., Savage et al., 1999; d’Alessio et al., 2005; Funning et al., 2007).

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This report addresses the four tasks that were agreed to. These tasks are (1) assessment of ongoing fault movement (called afterslip) especially in the Browns Valley residential neighborhood, (2) assessment of the shaking pattern in the downtown area of the City of Napa, (3) improvement of information on the fault hazards posed by the West Napa Fault System (record of past earthquakes and slip rate, for example), and (4) imagery acquisition and data processing to provide overall geospatial information support to FEMA.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20141249","usgsCitation":"Hudnut, K.W., Brocher, T.M., Prentice, C.S., Boatwright, J., Brooks, B.A., Aagaard, B.T., Blair, J.L., Fletcher, J.P., Erdem, J., Wicks, C.W., Murray, J.R., Pollitz, F., Langbein, J.O., Svarc, J.L., Schwartz, D.P., Ponti, D.J., Hecker, S., DeLong, S.B., Rosa, C.M., Jones, B., Lamb, R.M., Rosinski, A.M., McCrink, T.P., Dawson, T.E., Seitz, G., Glennie, C., Hauser, D., Ericksen, T., Mardock, D., 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We summarize over 20 years of monitoring surface creep on faults of the San Andreas system in the San Francisco Bay region using alinement arrays. The San Andreas fault is fully locked at five sites northwest from San Juan Bautista, the southern end of the 1906 earthquake rupture, that is, no creep (< 1 mm/yr) is observed. Likewise, the San Gregorio, Rodgers Creek, and West Napa faults show no creep. The measured creep rate on the Calaveras-Paicines fault from Hollister southward is either 6 or ∼ 10 mm/yr, depending on whether the arrays cross all of the creeping traces. Northward of Hollister, the central Calaveras creep rate reaches 14 ± 2 mm/yr but drops to ∼ 2 mm/yr near Calaveras Reservoir, where slip transfers to the southern Hayward fault at a maximum creep rate of 9 mm/yr at its south end. However, the Hayward fault averages only 4.6 mm/yr over most of its length. The Northern Calaveras fault, now creeping at 3-4 mm/yr, steps right to the Concord fault, which has a similar rate, 2.5-3.5 mm/yr, which is slightly slower than the 4.4 mm/yr rate on its northward continuation, the Green Valley fault. The Maacama fault creeps at 4.4 mm/yr near Ukiah and 6.5 mm/yr in Willits. The central and southern segments of the Calaveras fault are predominantly creeping, whereas the Hayward, Northern Calaveras, and Maacama faults are partly locked and, along with the Rodgers Creek and San Andreas, have high potential for major earthquakes.

","language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","doi":"10.1785/0120020226","issn":"00371106","usgsCitation":"Galehouse, J., and Lienkaemper, J.J., 2003, Inferences drawn from two decades of alinement array measurements of creep on faults in the San Francisco Bay Region: Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America, v. 93, no. 6, p. 2415-2433, https://doi.org/10.1785/0120020226.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"2415","endPage":"2433","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":387430,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"San Francisco","otherGeospatial":"San Francisco Bay area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 37.10776507118514\n ],\n [\n -121.53076171875,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 38.42777351132902\n ],\n [\n -122.80517578125,\n 37.10776507118514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"93","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ae6e4b0c8380cd62073","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Galehouse, J.S.","contributorId":87720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galehouse","given":"J.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lienkaemper, J. J.","contributorId":71947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lienkaemper","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":402278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}