Using a geology-based assessment methodology, the U.S. Geological Survey estimated undiscovered, technically recoverable mean conventional resources of 419 million barrels of oil and 5.5 trillion cubic feet of gas in the Berkine, Illizi, Hamra, Murzuq, and Erdis Kufra Basins of northern Africa.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20263009","programNote":"National and Global Petroleum Assessment","usgsCitation":"Schenk, C.J., Mercier, T.J., Woodall, C.A., Finn, T.M., Leathers-Miller, H.M., Brownfield, M.E., Le, P.A., Gaswirth, S.B., and Tennyson, M.E., 2026, Assessment of undiscovered conventional oil and gas resources in the Berkine, Illizi, Hamra, Murzuq, and Erdis Kufra Basins of northern Africa, 2026: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2026–3009, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20263009.","productDescription":"Report: 4 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-109708","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504437,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13QH5VP","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"USGS National and Global Oil and Gas Assessment Project—Berkine, Illizi, Hamra, Murzuq, and Erdis Kufra Basins of Northern Africa—Assessment Unit Boundaries, Assessment Input Data, and Fact Sheet Data Tables"},{"id":504436,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3009/fs20263009.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.66 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"FS 2026-3009"},{"id":504435,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3009/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504556,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3009/images"},{"id":504557,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2026/3009/fs20263009.xml"},{"id":504586,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/fs20263009/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"FS 2026-3009"}],"country":"Algeria, Libya, Niger, Sudan, Tunisia","otherGeospatial":"Berkine, Illizi, Hamra, Murzuq, and Erdis Kufra Basins","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 4,\n 36\n ],\n [\n 25,\n 36\n ],\n [\n 25,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n 4,\n 18.5\n ],\n [\n 4,\n 36\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
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Major waterways in the City of Roanoke (City) have failed to meet Virginia’s aquatic life designated use since 1996. Segments of the upper Roanoke River lack healthy benthic macroinvertebrate communities which prompted a total maximum daily load (TMDL) study by the Virginia Department of Environmental Quality (VDEQ) to identify the most probable stressor(s) causing the impairment. Excess fine sediment was identified as the most probable stressor impairing benthic macroinvertebrates on portions of the Roanoke River in 2006, and a watershed implementation plan published in 2016 required communities within the impaired watershed to implement projects that would reduce the load of fine sediment entering the Roanoke River. Additional benthic macroinvertebrate sampling and stream habitat assessments along the Roanoke River and Tinker Creek (a tributary to the Roanoke River that flows through the City) revealed continued impaired conditions, and subsequent stressor identification analysis was completed in 2023. Samples collected downstream of the City on the Roanoke River and Tinker Creek generally showed more impaired conditions relative to samples collected at locations upstream of the City. Based on this evaluation, sediment and sediment-bound polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) were identified as probable stressors while specific conductance, total nitrogen, and sediment metals were possible stressors in Tinker Creek; however, only a sediment TMDL target was identified to address impaired benthic macroinvertebrate communities. In the Roanoke River upstream of the Niagara Dam, sediment and total phosphorus were identified as probable stressors, sediment polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and sediment PCB were considered possible stressors; however, the TMDL target was only for total phosphorus.
The City partnered with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in 2016 to continuously monitor water quality and streamflow conditions on a major tributary of Tinker Creek, Lick Run, and by 2020, four similar monitoring stations were installed on the Roanoke River and Tinker Creek near the locations of benthic macroinvertebrate sampling. Monitored parameters included streamflow and/or gage height (water level), water temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, specific conductance, and turbidity. Turbidity is a measure of the relative clarity of the water and was previously used to model suspended-sediment concentrations at the monitoring stations. The City also contracted Kirk Environmental, LLP (KE) to collect benthic macroinvertebrate samples and stream habitat assessments near the locations of the water-quality monitoring stations. Identified benthic macroinvertebrates were used to calculate the Virginia Stream Condition Index (SCI), a multi-metric index composed of eight biological attributes that represent elements of the structure and function of the benthic macroinvertebrate community that measure diversity, composition, and tolerance to pollution.
Study objective: In this report, benthic macroinvertebrate samples and stream habitat assessment scores collected at four locations on the Roanoke River and Tinker Creek by KE and the VDEQ between 2020 and 2023 were compared to measured water-quality and streamflow conditions prior to sampling to evaluate patterns between benthic macroinvertebrate health, water quality, and hydrology.
","language":"English","publisher":"Virginia Tech","usgsCitation":"Miller, S.A., Aguilar, M.F., Helsley, L., and Entrekin, S., 2026, Factors affecting benthic macroinvertebrate health in the City of Roanoke, Virginia, 2020–2023, vi, 139 p.","productDescription":"vi, 139 p.","ipdsId":"IP-182640","costCenters":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504682,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://hdl.handle.net/10919/143118"},{"id":504867,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Virginia","city":"Roanoke","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -80.13499498922846,\n 37.407717247099555\n ],\n [\n -79.84673314727793,\n 37.407717247099555\n ],\n [\n -79.84673314727793,\n 37.18395942419494\n ],\n [\n -80.13499498922846,\n 37.18395942419494\n ],\n [\n -80.13499498922846,\n 37.407717247099555\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Samuel Adam 0000-0003-4225-1601","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4225-1601","contributorId":333495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Samuel","email":"","middleInitial":"Adam","affiliations":[{"id":37759,"text":"VA/WV Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aguilar, Marcus F 0000-0002-4431-9596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4431-9596","contributorId":333497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Aguilar","given":"Marcus","email":"","middleInitial":"F","affiliations":[{"id":79901,"text":"City of Roanoke","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsley, Logan 0009-0000-6496-8617","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6496-8617","contributorId":371497,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Helsley","given":"Logan","affiliations":[{"id":88163,"text":"City of Roanoke, Department of Public Works","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Entrekin, Sally 0000-0002-8276-7832","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8276-7832","contributorId":332044,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Entrekin","given":"Sally","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":12694,"text":"Virginia Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70275022,"text":"dr1220 - 2026 - Methodology for construction of a three-layer geologic model of the conterminous United States using land surface, top of bedrock, and top of basement","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-26T18:39:21.365859","indexId":"dr1220","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-19T11:25:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9318,"text":"Data Report","code":"DR","onlineIssn":"2771-9448","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1220","displayTitle":"Methodology for Construction of a Three-Layer Geologic Model of the Conterminous United States Using Land Surface, Top of Bedrock, and Top of Basement","title":"Methodology for construction of a three-layer geologic model of the conterminous United States using land surface, top of bedrock, and top of basement","docAbstract":"This report describes the methodology used for the construction of a digital three-layer geologic model of the conterminous United States by mapping the altitude of three surfaces: land surface, the top of bedrock, and the top of basement. These surfaces are mapped through the compilation and synthesis of published stratigraphic horizons from numerous topical studies. The mapped surfaces create a three-layer geologic model with three geomaterial-based subdivisions: unconsolidated to weakly consolidated sediment; layered consolidated rock strata that constitute bedrock; and crystalline rocks that are described as “basement,” consisting of either igneous, metamorphic, or highly deformed rocks. The data compilation and synthesis are highly dependent on the definition of the informal terms “bedrock” and “basement,” which may describe different ages or types of rock in different parts of the conterminous United States. This report presents the conceptualization of the three mapped layers, describes the datasets used, and summarizes the decisions made while compiling the three-layer model from the various sources. This digital dataset was created as part of efforts by the U.S. Geological Survey to develop subsurface geologic data in geospatial form as part of a broad directive to develop two-dimensional and three-dimensional geologic information at detailed, national, and continental scales. This digital dataset partly fulfills the goal of the U.S. Geological Survey’s National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program to construct a national-scale three-dimensional geologic model.
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U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, Mail Stop 980
Denver, CO 80225
This report is a companion to a digital dataset created as part of U.S. Geological Survey National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program efforts to develop subsurface geologic data in geospatial form at regional to national scales. The report describes data sources and methods used to construct a digital three-layer geologic model of the conterminous United States by mapping the altitude of three surfaces: land surface, top of bedrock, and top of basement.
","publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sweetkind, Donald S. 0000-0003-0892-4796","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0892-4796","contributorId":210808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"Donald S.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":959223,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70275743,"text":"sir20265012 - 2026 - Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley Kern County subbasin domestic-supply aquifer study unit, 2022—California GAMA Priority Basin Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-26T18:29:13.900279","indexId":"sir20265012","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-19T10:38:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5012","displayTitle":"Status and Understanding of Groundwater Quality in the San Joaquin Valley Kern County Subbasin Domestic-Supply Aquifer Study Unit, 2022: California GAMA Priority Basin Project","title":"Status and understanding of groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley Kern County subbasin domestic-supply aquifer study unit, 2022—California GAMA Priority Basin Project","docAbstract":"The quality of water accessed by domestic wells (here referred to as domestic groundwater resources) in the San Joaquin Valley Kern County subbasin (basin number 5-022.14) was assessed as part of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program Priority Basin Project (GAMA-PBP), in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board. Kern County is at the southern end of the San Joaquin Valley in California, and about 30,000 residents are estimated to use privately owned domestic wells for drinking water. Domestic wells typically draw from shallower parts of the aquifer system than public-supply wells and can be more vulnerable to effects from surface activities. Kern County is host to a highly productive agricultural industry, with Bakersfield as the main urban center. The Kern River runs through Bakersfield from the southern Sierra Nevada and intersects the Kern Water Bank, one of the largest groundwater banking operations in California, at the Kern River Intertie. The section of the Kern River running through the Kern Water Bank is dry most years. Kern County also encompasses some of the most productive oil and gas basins in California, with extensive underground and surface disposal of oil-field wastewater.
This study was based on data collected from 33 sites sampled by the U.S. Geological Survey for the GAMA-PBP in 2022. To provide context for the water quality assessment, measured concentrations were compared to regulatory and non-regulatory health-based and aesthetic benchmarks. A grid-based method was used to estimate the proportions of the groundwater resources used for domestic-supply wells that have water-quality constituents below (low relative concentration), approaching (moderate relative concentration), or above (high relative concentration) benchmark concentrations. At least one measured constituent with a regulatory benchmark was categorized as having a high relative concentration in 72 percent of the aquifer area used for domestic groundwater resources. Inorganic constituents were detected at high concentrations in 45 percent of the domestic groundwater resources, and the constituents detected above regulatory benchmarks were arsenic, nitrate, and uranium. At least one organic constituent was detected at high concentrations in 41 percent of the domestic groundwater resources, and the constituents exceeding regulatory benchmarks were the fumigants 1,2,3-trichloropropane (1,2,3-TCP), 1,2-dibromo-3-chloropropane (dibromochloropropane [DBCP]), 1,2-dibromoethane (EDB), and the per-and polyfluoroalkyl substance (PFAS) perfluorooctanesulfonate. The disinfection by-product chloroform, the fumigant 1,2-dichloropropane, the herbicides atrazine and hexazinone, and the herbicide degradates 2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-amino-s-triazine, 2-chloro-4,6-diamino-s-triazine, 4-hydroxychlorothalonil, and metolachlor sulfonic acid were detected in more than 10 percent of domestic groundwater resources, but concentrations did not exceed regulatory benchmarks.
Land use, groundwater age (fraction of modern water and mean age), and geochemical environment (oxic or anoxic conditions, pH, alkalinity) were associated with the distribution of high relative concentrations of inorganic and organic constituents. Young, oxygenated water is recharged along the Kern River and adjacent recharge ponds, or as irrigation water in the agricultural areas. High concentrations of nitrate and volatile organic compounds occurred in the oxic water in urban and agricultural areas. The fumigants 1,2,3-TCP, DBCP, and EDB were reported throughout the agricultural areas, whereas chloroform, tetrachloroethene, and PFAS were associated with urban land use. High uranium concentrations were associated with young, modern groundwater in agricultural areas with low pH and high bicarbonate. Total dissolved solids increased with distance from the Kern River, as the contributions of fresh, oxic water decreased. High concentrations of arsenic were present in older anoxic or alkaline groundwater away from areas of recharge. Overall, groundwater age, redox conditions, and the source of recharge as a result of different land uses contribute to large aquifer-scale portions of domestic groundwater resources that exceed health-based benchmarks for nitrate, uranium, and fumigant concentrations.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265012","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board","usgsCitation":"Harkness, J.S., Faulkner, K.E., and Jurgens, B.C., 2026, Status and understanding of groundwater quality\nin the San Joaquin Valley Kern County subbasin domestic- supply aquifer study unit, 2022—California\nGAMA Priority Basin Project: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5012, 53 p.,\nhttps://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265012.","productDescription":"Report: x, 53 p.; 3 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"53","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-169250","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504711,"rank":9,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119448.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":504430,"rank":8,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13WQA8P","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Potential explanatory variables for groundwater quality in the San Joaquin Valley Kern County subbasin domestic well study unit, 2022"},{"id":504429,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13ISEGA","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for assessing the susceptibility of groundwater used for domestic- supply, California"},{"id":504425,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265012/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-5012 HTML"},{"id":504424,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5012/sir20265012.pdf","text":"Report","size":"37.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-5012 PDF"},{"id":504423,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5012/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504426,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5012/sir20265012.XML","description":"OFR 2026-5012 XML"},{"id":504427,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5012/images"},{"id":504428,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GGNIQI","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Groundwater- quality data in the Kern County Domestic- Supply Aquifer Study Unit, 2022—Results from the California GAMA Priority Basin Project"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"San Joaquin Valley Kern County subbasin study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -120.2,\n 35.8\n ],\n [\n -118.5,\n 35.8\n ],\n [\n -118.5,\n 34.9\n ],\n [\n -120.2,\n 34.9\n ],\n [\n -120.2,\n 35.8\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, California Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6000 J Street, Placer Hall
Sacramento, California 95819
Acknowledgments
Abstract
Introduction
Hydrogeologic Setting
Methods
Status of Groundwater Quality
Factors that Affect Groundwater Quality
Summary
References Cited
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Lee’s Summit, Missouri, assessed flooding of the East Fork Little Blue River and tributaries for varying precipitation magnitudes and durations, varying antecedent runoff conditions, and projected climate-change conditions. The precipitation scenarios were used to develop a library of flood-inundation maps for a 2.95-mile reach of the East Fork Little Blue River and tributaries within the city.
A two-dimensional U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center–River Analysis System (HEC–RAS; ver. 6.5) rain-on-grid model was calibrated to selected runoff events representing a range of antecedent runoff conditions and hydrologic responses. Lowest adjacent grades for structures within the nearby study area were incorporated into the terrain, and depth grids and water-surface elevation grids were developed for the study area. Simulated velocities at selected bridge locations were also developed from the model. The model was calibrated using water-surface elevation data collected from water-level loggers (pressure transducers) and streamflow measurements and water-surface elevation measurements made at a reference point during runoff events. The calibrated HEC–RAS model was used to simulate streamflows from design rainfall events of 15-minute to 24-hour durations and ranging from a 100- to 0.1-percent annual exceedance probability (1-year to 1,000-year recurrence intervals). Flood-inundation maps were produced for depths at a reference location of 3 to 16 feet, or a depth exceeding the 0.1-percent annual exceedance probability interval precipitation. The results of each precipitation duration-frequency value were represented by a 1-foot-increment inundation map based on the generated peak streamflow from that rainfall event and the corresponding water-surface elevation at the East Fork Little Blue River reference location.
Within the HEC–RAS model, 240 scenarios were developed from the design rainfall events with each of 3 antecedent conditions. Additional scenarios were created to simulate the effects of projected precipitation scenarios on the 100-year recurrence interval, 24-hour storm and the 100-year recurrence interval, 6-hour storm. All simulation results were assigned to a flood-inundation map condition based on the generated peak flow and corresponding water-surface elevation at the East Fork Little Blue River reference location.
The flood-inundation maps are shown on a web mapping application made available to the public through the City of Lee’s Summit (hyperlink will be added when available). The flood-inundation maps are tied to real-time precipitation data obtained from the Automated Surface Observing System weather station at the Lee’s Summit Municipal Airport, accessible at https://mesonet.agron.iastate.edu/request/download.phtml?network=MO_ASOS. The availability of these maps, along with information regarding observed rainfall, could help provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and for postflood recovery efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265017","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Lee’s Summit, Missouri","usgsCitation":"Atkinson, A.A., 2026, Precipitation-based flood-inundation maps for the East Fork Little Blue River and tributaries at Lee’s Summit, Missouri, 2024: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5017, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265017.","productDescription":"Report: viii; 24 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"24","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-161724","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504709,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119450.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":504500,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5017/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504501,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5017/sir20265017.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.31 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5017 PDF"},{"id":504502,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265017/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5017"},{"id":504503,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5017/sir20265017.XML","description":"SIR 2026-5017"},{"id":504504,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5017/images"},{"id":504505,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13NSPHQ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial data and model archives associated with precipitation-driven flood-inundation mapping of the East Fork Little Blue River and associated tributaries at Lee’s Summit, Missouri"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","otherGeospatial":"East Fork Little Blue River and Tributaries at Lee’s Summit","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -94.4,\n 38.95\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 38.95\n ],\n [\n -94.3,\n 38.9\n ],\n [\n -94.4,\n 38.9\n ],\n [\n -94.4,\n 38.95\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
1400 Independence Road
Rolla, MO 65401
The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the City of Lee’s Summit, Missouri, assessed flooding of the East Fork Little Blue River and tributaries for varying precipitation magnitudes and durations, varying antecedent runoff conditions, and projected climate-change conditions. The precipitation scenarios were used to develop a library of flood-inundation maps that included a 2.95-mile reach of the East Fork Little Blue River and tributaries within the city. The availability of these maps, along with information regarding observed rainfall, could help provide emergency management personnel and residents with information that is critical for flood-response activities, such as evacuations and road closures, and for postflood recovery efforts.
","publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Atkinson, Allison A. 0009-0001-7572-0729 aatkinson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7572-0729","contributorId":330979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Allison","email":"aatkinson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70276240,"text":"70276240 - 2026 - Remote sensing enables basin-scale inventories of coal mine methane","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-02T16:30:40.572619","indexId":"70276240","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-19T09:28:33","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5925,"text":"Environmental Science and Technology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Remote sensing enables basin-scale inventories of coal mine methane","docAbstract":"Underground coal mines are important global sources of methane, but emission estimates are uncertain. We show that emission estimates for individual mines from aircraft remote-sensing surveys in the United States agree within 40% with direct measurements used for national emission reporting (IPCC Tier 3 estimate). Such direct measurements are unavailable in most countries, which rely on estimated emission factors (EFs) applied to coal-production rates. We find that EFs from IPCC Tier 1 and the Model for Calculating Coal Mine Methane (MC2M) methods overestimate U.S. emissions 3-fold due to incorrect dependence on mine depth. An IPCC Tier 2 method using measured basin-specific mine gas content agrees with direct emission measurements but does not account for gob well emissions and requires gas content data that are generally unavailable. We show that aircraft remote sensing for a small sample of mines can successfully estimate basin-specific EFs for ventilation shafts and gob wells, enabling estimates of basin- and national-scale emissions. We discuss how the method can be applied with satellite remote sensing to quantify coal emissions worldwide.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/acs.est.5c14976","usgsCitation":"Penn, E., Jacob, D.J., Bon, D.M., Howell, K., O’Neill, K., Scarpelli, T., Chen, Z., Field, R.A., Karacan, C.O., Roy, E., and Cusworth, D., 2026, Remote sensing enables basin-scale inventories of coal mine methane: Environmental Science and Technology, v. 60, no. 21, p. 14924-14933, https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c14976.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"14924","endPage":"14933","ipdsId":"IP-177546","costCenters":[{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504550,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":504654,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.5c14976","text":"Publisher Index Page"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Colorado, Kentucky, New Mexico, Ohio, Pennsylvania, Virginia, West Virginia","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 39.75\n ],\n [\n -107,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -111,\n 39.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.5,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -83,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 37\n ],\n [\n -79.5,\n 40.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.5,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -86.75,\n 33.75\n ],\n [\n -86.75,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 33\n ],\n [\n -87.5,\n 33.75\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"21","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Penn, Elise","contributorId":371414,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Penn","given":"Elise","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961793,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jacob, Daniel J.","contributorId":371424,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jacob","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":16811,"text":"Harvard University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bon, Daniel M.","contributorId":371448,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bon","given":"Daniel","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Howell, Kate","contributorId":371416,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Howell","given":"Kate","affiliations":[{"id":88137,"text":"Carbon Mapper","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961795,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"O’Neill, Kelly","contributorId":371418,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"O’Neill","given":"Kelly","affiliations":[{"id":88137,"text":"Carbon Mapper","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961796,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Scarpelli, Tia","contributorId":371419,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Scarpelli","given":"Tia","affiliations":[{"id":88137,"text":"Carbon Mapper","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961797,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Chen, Zichong","contributorId":371420,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Zichong","affiliations":[{"id":79448,"text":"Hong Kong University of Science and Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Field, Robert A.","contributorId":371421,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Field","given":"Robert","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":82714,"text":"UNEP, International Methane Emission Observatory","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Karacan, C. 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Publishing Open Access (OA) articles can increase author visibility (McCabe and Snyder 2014), improve productivity metrics (i.e., more diverse and higher citation rates; Huang et al. 2024; Piwowar et al. 2018), widen collaborative networks (Tai and Robinson 2018), and help secure future funding and/or comply with funder mandates (Herrmannova et al. 2019; Larivière and Sugimoto 2018; McKiernan et al. 2016 and references therein). These benefits can be vital for students and early career researchers (ECRs) trying to advance and thrive in academia. However, publishing papers in Gold OA journals such as L&O Letters comes at a notable financial cost, as these journals require that the corresponding author (or their organization or funder) pay a fee to make their published article immediately freely available to the public. These article processing charges can be prohibitively expensive (Fontúrbel and Vizentin-Bugoni 2021; Mekonnen et al. 2022; Ross-Hellauer et al. 2022). While Read and Publish agreements and waiver programs may be available to help cover these costs, these programs often exclude independent authors as well as those affiliated with ineligible or non-participating institutions (e.g., publisher waivers using the Research4Life eligibility criteria for access currently only allow authors from one of 13 South American countries/territories to publish free of charge). Besides the financial barrier, authors from underrepresented groups can also face a myriad of other publishing roadblocks, such as linguistic challenges (for speakers of English as a foreign language; Amano et al. 2023; Franco-Santos 2024; Ramírez-Castañeda 2020) and geopolitical-scientific bias (e.g., science conducted in the Global South being seen as less impactful and innovative than that conducted in the Global North; Ghosh 2022; Smits et al. 2025). For context, Global South (GS) and Global North (GN) are not geographic determinations (i.e., South and North hemispheres), but geopolitical classifications regarding a nation's level of development (underdeveloped, developing, or developed). For example: Australia and Brazil are both located in the southern hemisphere, but the former is considered as a Global North (developed) country and the latter as a Global South (underdeveloped or developing) country.
When a subset of researchers is unable to openly publish their work, the diversity of voices represented in OA literature can decline (Williams et al. 2023). Loss of diversity is a loss to science, as diversity increases productivity, innovation, and scientific impact (refer to opening quote; Freeman and Huang 2014; AlShebli et al. 2018; Tomillo et al. 2022). To partially address the above-mentioned challenges and enable underfunded ECRs to publish their work in OA format, the biennial L&O Letters Early Career Publication Honor (ECPH) was established in 2020 by the ASLO Raelyn Cole Editorial (RCE) Fellows (Hotaling et al. 2022). Below we reflect on the benefits, outcomes, and scientific impact of the 2022 call and introduce the articles it helped publish in L&O Letters, which are bundled in this section of the ECPH Virtual Issue. Articles published in L&O Letters during other calls are available in their respective sections. We also refer the reader to six articles published by ECRs in other journals (not included in this Virtual Issue) whose content originally warranted their leading author an ECPH in 2022.
","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","doi":"10.1002/lol2.70137","usgsCitation":"Franco-Santos, R.M., Deemer, B., Falkenberg, L.J., Gradoville, M.R., Hotaling, S., and Peck, E.K., 2026, Whatever it takes— Shaping the L&O Letters Early Career Publication Honor to deliver true benefit: Limnology and Oceanography Letters, v. 11, no. 3, e70137, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70137.","productDescription":"e70137, 6 p.","ipdsId":"IP-187671","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/lol2.70137","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504595,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"11","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Franco-Santos, Rita M.","contributorId":371455,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Franco-Santos","given":"Rita","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":88147,"text":"Oceans Institute, University of Western Australia, Crawley, WA, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961852,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Deemer, Bridget 0000-0002-5845-1002 bdeemer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5845-1002","contributorId":215049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Deemer","given":"Bridget","email":"bdeemer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961853,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Falkenberg, Laura J.","contributorId":371456,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Falkenberg","given":"Laura","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":88149,"text":"School of Physics, Chemistry and Earth Sciences, College of Science, Adelaide University, Adelaide, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961854,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gradoville, Mary R.","contributorId":371457,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gradoville","given":"Mary","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":88150,"text":"Columbia River Inter-Tribal Fish Commission, Portland, OR, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hotaling, Scott","contributorId":202050,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hotaling","given":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":12425,"text":"University of Kentucky","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Peck, Erin K.","contributorId":371458,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Peck","given":"Erin","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":88152,"text":"Graduate School of Oceanography, University of Rhode Island, Narragansett, RI, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70276362,"text":"70276362 - 2026 - Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs) from separate breeding sites subdivides the Prairie Pothole Region in space and time during southbound migration","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-02T15:08:54.691242","indexId":"70276362","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-19T07:54:45","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":9101,"text":"Ornithological Applications","printIssn":"0010-5422","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs) from separate breeding sites subdivides the Prairie Pothole Region in space and time during southbound migration","title":"Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs) from separate breeding sites subdivides the Prairie Pothole Region in space and time during southbound migration","docAbstract":"Some staging regions support multiple groups of the same migratory species, each of which may use the region differently. Characterizing the ways, in which separate groups use such regions can therefore help to identify vulnerabilities during this sensitive period of the annual cycle. The Prairie Pothole Region (PPR) is a massive wetland complex in the northern Great Plains of North America used by ∼11 million shorebirds during migration. The PPR has been heavily modified by agriculture and is experiencing varied effects of global climate change, threatening the health of the shorebirds that rely on it. Here, we used 6 seasons of southbound tracking data of Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs)—a long-distance migratory shorebird species with an estimated population decline of 63% over the last 4 decades—from 9 sites across their breeding range to explore differences in migratory behavior within this important staging region. We found that 75% of tracked individuals used the region during southbound migration, and T. flavipes from different breeding sites detoured 110–875 km from their most direct migratory route to access the PPR. Individuals that arrived later stayed longer and made more stops within the region than those that arrived early. Individuals originating from different breeding sites also displayed spatial and temporal segregation within the region: T. flavipes from southwest and central Alaska relied heavily on the northwestern PPR, while those from Canada used the central and southeastern portions of the PPR. Finally, timing of use varied among groups, but the southeastern PPR became increasingly important over the course of the southbound migratory window, as other wetlands likely dried out. Our study highlights the portions of the PPR of critical importance to migrating T. flavipes and the diversity of ways, in which different groups from within the same species can use a single staging region.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1093/ornithapp/duag048","usgsCitation":"Bathrick, R.E., Johnson, J.A., Ruthrauff, D.R., Christie, K., Courtemanche, A., Gesmundo, C., McDuffie, L.A., and Senner, N.R., 2026, Tringa flavipes (Lesser Yellowlegs) from separate breeding sites subdivides the Prairie Pothole Region in space and time during southbound migration: Ornithological Applications, duag048, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duag048.","productDescription":"duag048, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-177674","costCenters":[{"id":65299,"text":"Alaska Science Center Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505048,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/ornithapp/duag048","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504951,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Alaska, Manitoba, Northwest Territories, Ontario, Quebec","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -178.61294404587605,\n 70.26060914187471\n ],\n [\n -38.61717673771537,\n 55.24053351141086\n ],\n [\n -67.10126030863589,\n 43.64317292849029\n ],\n [\n -147.96801136415814,\n 54.299133028206484\n ],\n [\n -178.61294404587605,\n 70.26060914187471\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bathrick, Rosalyn E. 0009-0006-4097-3079","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-4097-3079","contributorId":371638,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bathrick","given":"Rosalyn","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962208,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johnson, James A. 0000-0002-2312-0633","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2312-0633","contributorId":299054,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36188,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962211,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ruthrauff, Daniel R. 0000-0003-1355-9156 druthrauff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1355-9156","contributorId":244581,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruthrauff","given":"Daniel","email":"druthrauff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":962214,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christie, Katherine","contributorId":340821,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Christie","given":"Katherine","affiliations":[{"id":81671,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game, Threatened","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Courtemanche, Anna","contributorId":371235,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Courtemanche","given":"Anna","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gesmundo, Callie","contributorId":127437,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gesmundo","given":"Callie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":962212,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"McDuffie, Laura Anne 0000-0003-2071-7204","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2071-7204","contributorId":299040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDuffie","given":"Laura","email":"","middleInitial":"Anne","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962213,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Senner, Nathan R. 0000-0003-2236-2697","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2236-2697","contributorId":371641,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Senner","given":"Nathan","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":34616,"text":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962215,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70275744,"text":"ofr20261014 - 2026 - ECCOE Landsat quarterly calibration and validation report—Quarter 4, 2025","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-26T21:07:13.907224","indexId":"ofr20261014","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-18T11:29:58","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1014","displayTitle":"ECCOE Landsat Quarterly Calibration and Validation Report—Quarter 4, 2025","title":"ECCOE Landsat quarterly calibration and validation report—Quarter 4, 2025","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation (Cal/Val) Center of Excellence (ECCOE) focuses on improving the accuracy, precision, calibration, and product quality of remote- sensing data, leveraging years of multiscale optical system geometric and radiometric calibration and characterization experience. The ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team continually monitors the geometric and radiometric performance of active Landsat missions and makes calibration adjustments, as needed, to maintain data quality at the highest level.
This report provides observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9 for quarter 4 (October–December) of 2025. All data used to compile the Cal/Val analysis results presented in this report are freely available from the U.S. Geological Survey EarthExplorer website: https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov.
One specific activity that the ECCOE Landsat Cal/Val Team closely monitored was a Landsat 9 safehold anomaly. On October 17, 2025, Landsat 9 experienced a Solar Array Drive Assembly potentiometer fault. The onboard fault response put both the Operational Land Imager sensor and the Thermal Infrared Sensor into safe mode. Additionally, the Thermal Infrared Sensor focal plane assembly was turned off, but the cryocooler remained on. On October 20, 2025, the Solar Array Drive Assembly recovery commanding was successfully performed to put the spacecraft into nadir viewing mode. The following day, Operational Land Imager activation and recovery started, including focal plane assembly warmup. After reaching nominal operational temperatures and achieving thermal stability, science imaging resumed on October 23, 2025. Additional information about the Landsat 9 safehold anomaly is here: https://www.usgs.gov/landsat-missions/news/landsat-9-returns-normal-operations-following-brief-safehold.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261014","usgsCitation":"Haque, M.O., Hasan, M.N., Shrestha, A., Rengarajan, R., Lubke, M., Steinwand, D., Bresnahan, P., Shaw, J.L., Ruslander, K., Micijevic, E., Choate, M.J., Anderson, C., Clauson, J., Thome, K., Angal, A., Levy, R., Miller, J., and Teixeira Pinto, C., 2026, ECCOE Landsat quarterly calibration and validation report—Quarter 4, 2025 (ver.1.1, May 20, 2026: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 2026–1014, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261014.","productDescription":"Report: viii; 57 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"57","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-186051","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504443,"rank":5,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://earthexplorer.usgs.gov/","text":"USGS Database","linkHelpText":"EarthExplorer"},{"id":504441,"rank":3,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1014/ofr20261014.XML","description":"OFR 2026-1014 XML"},{"id":504440,"rank":2,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261014/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1014 HTML"},{"id":504438,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1014/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":504572,"rank":6,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1014/versionHist.txt","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":504573,"rank":7,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1014/ofr20261014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1014 PDF"},{"id":504442,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1014/images"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: May 18, 2026; Version 1.1: May 20, 2026","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Calibration and Validation Center of Excellence Team assesses and calibrates Landsat remote-sensing data to ensure that high-quality data products are publicly available. These data products are used to make informed decisions about natural resources and the environment. This report is part of a series of quarterly reports intended to provide updated observed geometric and radiometric analysis results for Landsats 8 and 9.
","publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haque, Md Obaidul 0000-0002-0914-1446","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0914-1446","contributorId":290335,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Haque","given":"Md Obaidul","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hasan, Nahid 0000-0002-0463-601X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0463-601X","contributorId":292342,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hasan","given":"Nahid","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shrestha, Ashish 0000-0002-9407-5462","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9407-5462","contributorId":298063,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shrestha","given":"Ashish","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rengarajan, Rajagopalan 0000-0003-1860-7110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1860-7110","contributorId":242014,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rengarajan","given":"Rajagopalan","affiliations":[{"id":48475,"text":"KBR, Contractor to USGS EROS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lubke, Mark 0000-0002-7257-2337","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7257-2337","contributorId":261911,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lubke","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":53079,"text":"KBR, contractor to U.S. Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Steinwand, Daniel 0009-0008-6588-9775","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-6588-9775","contributorId":357557,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Steinwand","given":"Daniel","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bresnahan, Paul 0000-0002-3491-0956","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3491-0956","contributorId":306120,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bresnahan","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":27608,"text":"Contractor to the USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Shaw, Jerad L. 0000-0002-8319-2778","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8319-2778","contributorId":270396,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shaw","given":"Jerad L.","affiliations":[{"id":40546,"text":"KBR, Contractor to the USGS Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Ruslander, Kathryn 0000-0003-3036-1731","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3036-1731","contributorId":330181,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ruslander","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Micijevic, Esad 0000-0002-3828-9239 emicijevic@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3828-9239","contributorId":3075,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Micijevic","given":"Esad","email":"emicijevic@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Choate, Michael J. 0000-0002-8101-4994","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8101-4994","contributorId":268248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Choate","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961604,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Anderson, Cody 0000-0001-5612-1889 chanderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5612-1889","contributorId":195521,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Cody","email":"chanderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961605,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Clauson, Jeff 0000-0003-3406-4988 jclauson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3406-4988","contributorId":5230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clauson","given":"Jeff","email":"jclauson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":54490,"text":"KBR, Inc., under contract to USGS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":961606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Thome, Kurt","contributorId":140792,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Thome","given":"Kurt","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7049,"text":"NASA Goddard Space Flight Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Angal, Amit","contributorId":360771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Angal","given":"Amit","affiliations":[{"id":78842,"text":"SSAI, under contract to NASA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961608,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15},{"text":"Levy, Raviv","contributorId":131008,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Levy","given":"Raviv","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7209,"text":"SSAI / NASA / GSFC","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961609,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":16},{"text":"Miller, Jeff","contributorId":204570,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Jeff","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36245,"text":"NPS","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961610,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":17},{"text":"Teixeira 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sensors"},"id":1}],"isPartOf":{"id":70221266,"text":"ofr20211030 - 2021 - System characterization of Earth observation sensors","indexId":"ofr20211030","publicationYear":"2021","noYear":false,"title":"System characterization of Earth observation sensors"},"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-26T13:18:54.924845","indexId":"ofr20211030W","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-18T11:04:45","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2021-1030","chapter":"W","displayTitle":"System Characterization Report on Tanager","title":"System characterization report on Tanager","docAbstract":"This report addresses the system characterization of the Tanager satellite hyperspectral sensor created by Planet Labs PBC. and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the Tanager hyperspectral sensor; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
This report summarizes the sensor performance of the Tanager based on the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization process. In summary, we determined that the Tanager exhibits a band-to-band geometric error ranging from -0.074 to 0.097 pixels. Compared to the Landsat Operational Land Imager, geometric offsets ranged from -5.980 meters (-0.20 pixels) to 11.348 meters (0.40 pixels). Radiometric comparisons showed offsets between -0.004 and 0.056 with slopes from 0.830 to 1.066. Spectral shifts are found between 0.65 and 0.75 nanometers. Finally, spatial performance evaluation yielded a PSF full width at half maximum of 1.27 to 1.75 pixels, a relative edge response of 0.802 to 0.651, and a modulation transfer function at Nyquist of 0.488 to 0.253.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030W","usgsCitation":"Kim, M., Park, S., Anderson, C., Clauson, J., Vrabel, J., and Sampath, A., 2026, System characterization report on Tanager, chap. W of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., ed., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open- File Report 2021–1030, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030W.","productDescription":"Report: vi; 45 p.; Dataset","numberOfPages":"45","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-185810","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504451,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/images"},{"id":504449,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20211030W/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030W HTML"},{"id":504444,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504450,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/ofr20211030W.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030W XML"},{"id":504446,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/w/ofr20211030W.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.86 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1030W PDF"},{"id":504452,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://www.planet.com/constellations/tanager/","linkHelpText":"Planet Labs PBC dataset - Tanager—Cutting-edge hyperspectral from orbit"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
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Oil spills are well-known for causing acute mortality of birds, but sublethal and delayed impacts are less understood. Focusing on the mallard (Anas platyrhynchos), we used simulation modeling to explore how sublethal oiling may affect avian survival and breeding ground body condition. We used empirically informed migration and energetics simulations to model hypothetical spills occurring in northern Arkansas, USA occurring in either January to simulate thermoregulatory stress or March to simulate pre-migration effects. We modeled trace and lightly oiled female mallards (≤5% or 6 to 20% of feather area oiled, respectively), incorporating oiling-induced energetic effects on thermoregulation, flight, and energetic gain. We found that mortality was generally higher for simulated spills occurring in January versus March. In the simulations, mallards lost body mass due to oiling, but surviving individuals could partially recover body mass before arriving at the breeding grounds. Including oiling-induced energetic gain effects in simulations increased mortality as well as increased overall variability of simulation results. This modeling effort identified an important gap in knowledge regarding oiled bird energetics, specifically a need to better quantify oiling-induced energetic gain changes. Although the model is currently limited to a specific species and geographic area, it serves as a proof-of-concept for future research and modeling efforts aimed at understanding more broadly the impacts of oil spills on avian populations.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111616","usgsCitation":"West, B.M., Wildhaber, M.L., Thogmartin, W.E., and Hooper, M.J., 2026, Bird migration and energetics simulations incorporating oil spill effects: Ecological Modelling, v. 519, 111616, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111616.","productDescription":"111616, 37 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180363","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504656,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2026.111616","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504553,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Prairie Pothole region","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -106.86261355030844,\n 55.10357739657181\n ],\n [\n -89.15962207917798,\n 55.10357739657181\n ],\n [\n -89.15962207917798,\n 34.95822740848739\n ],\n [\n -106.86261355030844,\n 34.95822740848739\n ],\n [\n -106.86261355030844,\n 55.10357739657181\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"519","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-18","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"West, Benjamin M 0000-0001-8355-0013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8355-0013","contributorId":298588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"West","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wildhaber, Mark L. 0000-0002-6538-9083 mwildhaber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6538-9083","contributorId":1386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wildhaber","given":"Mark","email":"mwildhaber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thogmartin, Wayne E. 0000-0002-2384-4279 wthogmartin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2384-4279","contributorId":2545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thogmartin","given":"Wayne","email":"wthogmartin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hooper, Michael J.","contributorId":371425,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hooper","given":"Michael","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":88140,"text":"(retired) Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70275772,"text":"70275772 - 2026 - Simulating past and future refugia for temperate trees in northern Italy","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-20T13:25:16.504458","indexId":"70275772","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-17T09:07:15","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1445,"text":"Ecography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Simulating past and future refugia for temperate trees in northern Italy","docAbstract":"During the Quaternary, trees responded to the climatic changes of glacial–interglacial cycles with large-scale range shifts. Over cold glacials, temperate tree species contracted their ranges and survived in areas known as refugia. Several studies point to the Euganean Hills (Colli Euganei), in Veneto, northern Italy, as one of the northernmost European refugia of temperate tree species during the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM, ca 23 000–19 000 calibrated years BP). Using LandClim, a spatially explicit, dynamic forest landscape model, we demonstrate that climate conditions during the LGM likely allowed temperate tree species to persist in the Euganean Hills. The identified refugial locations lie at intermediate to high elevations and in sheltered valleys within the hilly complex. Therefore, the combined palaeoecological and modelling evidence suggests that today's temperate forests of the Euganean Hills have a full glacial legacy.
Simulations under future climate conditions suggest a collapse of the sub-mediterranean and oro-mediterranean deciduous forests that are prevalent today and the expansion of thermo-mediterranean evergreen forests (with e.g. Quercus ilex, Q. suber, Olea europaea and Pinus sp.). Specifically, the extrazonal population of oro-mediterranean Fagus sylvatica, which is unique to the Po Plain and likely persisted locally through several glacial–interglacial cycles, is predicted to sharply decline and face local extinction, underscoring a conservation hazard.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nordic Society Oikos","doi":"10.1002/ecog.08367","usgsCitation":"Pistone, A., Henne, P., Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder, P., Tinner, W., and Schworer, C., 2026, Simulating past and future refugia for temperate trees in northern Italy: Ecography, https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08367.","ipdsId":"IP-183022","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504651,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/ecog.08367","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Italy","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n 8.8266148,\n 44.5731361\n ],\n [\n 12.3078331,\n 45.3691838\n ],\n [\n 13.520985,\n 45.7875902\n ],\n [\n 13.4330754,\n 46.5425429\n ],\n [\n 12.0265226,\n 46.8921108\n ],\n [\n 10.356241,\n 46.735688\n ],\n [\n 10.0573485,\n 46.2879934\n ],\n [\n 9.4068178,\n 46.3001417\n ],\n [\n 8.9145243,\n 45.9345188\n ],\n [\n 8.0881745,\n 45.9834087\n ],\n [\n 7.0684237,\n 45.6402734\n ],\n [\n 6.998096,\n 44.8604876\n ],\n [\n 7.7189544,\n 44.145742\n ],\n [\n 8.8266148,\n 44.5731361\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pistone, Azzurra 0009-0004-9848-6121","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-9848-6121","contributorId":371376,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pistone","given":"Azzurra","affiliations":[{"id":38843,"text":"University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Henne, Paul 0000-0003-1211-5545 phenne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1211-5545","contributorId":222618,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henne","given":"Paul","email":"phenne@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder, Petra","contributorId":210164,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boltshauser-Kaltenrieder","given":"Petra","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34056,"text":"Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tinner, Willy 0000-0001-7352-0144","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7352-0144","contributorId":169167,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tinner","given":"Willy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25430,"text":"University of Bern","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961742,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schworer, Christoph 0000-0002-8884-8852","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8884-8852","contributorId":210163,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schworer","given":"Christoph","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34056,"text":"Institute of Plant Sciences, University of Bern, Switzerland","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":961743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275737,"text":"ofr20261016 - 2026 - Distribution, abundance, breeding activities, and restoration efforts for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2025 Annual Report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-18T14:01:33.082377","indexId":"ofr20261016","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-15T12:38:15","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-1016","displayTitle":"Distribution, Abundance, Breeding Activities, and Restoration Efforts for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2025 Annual Report","title":"Distribution, abundance, breeding activities, and restoration efforts for the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2025 Annual Report","docAbstract":"The purpose of this report is to provide the Marine Corps with an annual summary of the distribution, abundance, and breeding activity of the endangered Southwestern Willow Flycatcher (Empidonax traillii extimus; flycatcher) and to present results of management actions implemented to attract flycatchers and enhance flycatcher habitat at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton (MCBCP, or Base). Surveys for the flycatcher were done on Base between May 6 and July 23, 2025. All MCBCP’s historically occupied riparian habitat (core survey area) was surveyed for flycatchers in 2025. None of the non-core survey areas were surveyed in 2025.
No resident flycatchers were detected on Base in 2025. The one resident (female) present in 2024 did not return to the territory she occupied in 2024, and she was not detected within the historically occupied habitat surveyed in 2025.
Eight transient Willow Flycatchers of unknown subspecies were observed on two of the five drainages surveyed in 2025: Las Flores Creek and the Santa Margarita River. No Willow Flycatchers were detected at Fallbrook, Pilgrim, or San Mateo Creeks. Transients in 2025 occurred in mixed willow and riparian scrub habitats, dominated by multiple willow species (Salix spp.). Exotic vegetation was recorded in most flycatcher locations and was dominant (cover of exotics greater than 50 percent) in more than half of all transient locations. The most common exotic plant in habitat used by flycatchers was poison hemlock (Conium maculatum). All six of the flycatchers that were observed closely enough to determine banding status were unbanded.
Two measures were initiated in recent years to attract and retain resident breeding flycatchers on MCBCP: conspecific attraction using flycatcher song broadcasts and installation of artificial seeps to enhance flycatcher habitat. We surveyed plots with and without speakers that broadcast flycatcher vocalizations throughout the breeding season and detected two transient Willow Flycatchers within 20 meters of one speaker in 2025. We set up permanent vegetation sampling points surrounding artificial seeps and nearby sites without artificial seeps (Reference sites) to determine the effects of surface-water enhancement by seep pumps. Vegetation cover was highest near the ground and decreased with increasing height. Woody vegetation made up most of the cover at all height categories. Soil saturation in 2025 was higher at the sites near seeps than at the Reference sites and was associated with higher native herbaceous cover and lower non-native cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261016","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Assistant Chief of Staff, Environmental Security, U.S. Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton","programNote":"Ecosystems Mission Area—Species Management Research Program","usgsCitation":"Lynn, S., Howell, S.L., and Kus, B.E., 2026, Distribution, abundance, breeding activities, and restoration efforts\nfor the Southwestern Willow Flycatcher at Marine Corps Base Camp Pendleton, California—2025 Annual Report:\nU.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1016, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261016.","productDescription":"vii, 37 p.","numberOfPages":"37","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-184792","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504337,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504338,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/ofr20261016.pdf","text":"Report","size":"8.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1016 PDF"},{"id":504339,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261016/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1016 HTML"},{"id":504341,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/images"},{"id":504340,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1016/ofr20261016.XML","description":"OFR 2026-1016 XML"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corps Baase Camp Pendleton","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117.6,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 33.5\n ],\n [\n -117.25,\n 33.2\n ],\n [\n -117.6,\n 33.2\n ],\n [\n -117.6,\n 33.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, Jacksonville District, deepened the St. Johns River channel in Jacksonville, Florida, to accommodate larger, fully loaded cargo vessels. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers, monitored stage, discharge, and (or) water temperature and salinity at 26 continuous data collection sites in the St. Johns River and its tributaries.
This report contains information collected during the 2023 water year, from October 2022 to September 2023. Data at each site were compared for the length of the project, 8 years so far, and on a yearly basis to show the annual variability of discharge and salinity.
The countywide annual rainfall for the 2023 water year was below the average yearly rainfall in four of the five counties. Annual mean discharge at 9 of the 10 tributary monitoring sites was lower for the 2023 water year than for the 2022 water year, and the annual mean flow at Broward River below Biscayne Boulevard near Jacksonville, Florida (USGS site number 02246751), was the lowest recorded at that site for the 8 years of data collection. The annual mean discharge for each of the main-stem sites was higher for the 2023 water year than for the 2022 water year and was above the average for the 8 years of data collected so far.
Among the tributary sites, annual mean salinity was highest at Clapboard Creek above Buckhorn Bluff near Jacksonville, Fla. (USGS site number 302657081312400), the site closest to the Atlantic Ocean, and was lowest at Durbin Creek near Fruit Cove, Fla. (USGS site number 022462002), the site farthest from the ocean, for all years. Annual mean salinity data from the main-stem sites indicate that salinity decreased with distance upstream from the ocean, which was expected. Annual mean salinity for the 2023 water year was higher than or equal to that of the 2022 water year for all main-stem and tributary sites, except at St. Johns River at Dancy Point near Spuds, Fla. (USGS site number 294213081345300), which was lower. Three main-stem monitoring stations (USGS site numbers 295856081372301, 02245340, and 301057081414800) and six tributary monitoring stations (USGS site numbers 300803081354500, 022462002, 301204081434900, 02246459, 02246518, and 02246804) either had the highest annual mean salinities or tied with the highest annual mean salinities at their respective sites since data collection began.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20261012","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","usgsCitation":"Carson, J.N., and Benacquisto, M.T., 2026, Continuous stream discharge, salinity, and associated data collected in the lower St. Johns River and its tributaries, Florida, 2023: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2026–1012, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20261012.","productDescription":"Report: x, 52 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"66","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-177133","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504434,"rank":7,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119415.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":504335,"rank":5,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/ofr20261012/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"OFR 2026-1012 HTML"},{"id":504334,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/ofr20261012.XML","linkFileType":{"id":8,"text":"xml"},"description":"OFR 2026-1012 XML"},{"id":504336,"rank":6,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":504333,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/ofr20261012.pdf","size":"3.74 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2026-1012"},{"id":504332,"rank":2,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/images"},{"id":504331,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2026/1012/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Lower St. Johns River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 30.5\n ],\n [\n -81,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 29.25\n ],\n [\n -82,\n 30.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Resolving thermal histories in sedimentary basins is crucial for interpreting orogenic growth, basin burial, and tectonic processes during Cordilleran orogenesis. In the Magallanes–Austral Basin, Patagonian Andes, we integrate new (U-Th)/He thermochronology, vitrinite reflectance (%Ro), calcite-cement clumped isotope data and thermal history modelling to resolve the origin of the regionally extensive Paleogene unconformity (51°S–50°S). Thermal history modelling results require post-depositional heating of Palaeocene (Danian–Selandian) strata below the unconformity and suggest maximum burial temperatures of 87°C–101°C (55–52 Ma) and 89°C–92°C (18–16 Ma). For lower Eocene strata above the unconformity, Miocene burial temperatures (89°C–92°C) are consistent with calcite cement formation temperatures (~62°C–92°C) from carbonate clumped isotopes. Our results indicate that basin burial and heating between ca. 60 and 52 Ma were likely driven by shallowing of the subducting Farallon plate and enhanced plate coupling preceding arrival of the Farallon–Phoenix mid-ocean ridge. Subsequent basin inversion and cooling from ca. 52 to 44 Ma correspond with subduction of this mid-ocean ridge. Refined thermal models, constrained by expanded thermochronometric and organic maturation datasets, indicate that up to ~1.7–2.0 km of proximal foreland basin strata were removed during uplift and erosion across the Paleogene basin margin. A return to basin subsidence beginning ca. 44 Ma may reflect dynamic subsidence after passage of the mid-ocean ridge and renewed coupling between the fold-thrust belt and foreland basin system. Neogene thermal histories document continued subsidence, localized hot orogenic fluid flow along stratigraphic boundaries, followed by a final phase of basin inversion and cooling at ca. 18–16 Ma, which we attribute to regional uplift associated with Chile ridge subduction. Altogether, this study demonstrates that multiple thermal indices when analysed and modelled can provide clarity for tectonic and stratigraphic events that affect foreland basins.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/bre.70111","usgsCitation":"VanderLeest, R.A., Fosdick, J.C., Schwartz, T.M., Hyland, E., and Mastalerz, M., 2026, Multi-proxy thermal history of basin heating during Cordilleran orogenesis in the Magallanes-Austral retroarc foreland basin, Patagonian Andes: Basin Research, v. 38, no. 3, e70111, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/bre.70111.","productDescription":"e70111, 29 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179074","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504602,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Argentina, Chile","otherGeospatial":"Patagonian Andes","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -76,\n -44\n ],\n [\n -60,\n -44\n ],\n [\n -60,\n -56\n ],\n [\n -76,\n -56\n ],\n [\n -76,\n -44\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"38","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"VanderLeest, Rebecca A.","contributorId":371494,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"VanderLeest","given":"Rebecca","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":88162,"text":"CSU Fort Collins","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fosdick, Julie C.","contributorId":371495,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fosdick","given":"Julie","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":36710,"text":"University of Connecticut","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schwartz, Theresa Maude 0000-0001-6606-4072","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6606-4072","contributorId":245180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Theresa","email":"","middleInitial":"Maude","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hyland, E.G.","contributorId":371496,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hyland","given":"E.G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Mastalerz, M.","contributorId":217905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mastalerz","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":33640,"text":"Indiana Geological Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70275782,"text":"70275782 - 2026 - Spawning habitat suitability models for Lake Erie cisco (Coregonus artedi) during the historical period of pre- and post-population declines 1877–1957","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-19T14:46:14.973856","indexId":"70275782","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-15T09:41:36","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2330,"text":"Journal of Great Lakes Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Spawning habitat suitability models for Lake Erie cisco (Coregonus artedi) during the historical period of pre- and post-population declines 1877–1957","title":"Spawning habitat suitability models for Lake Erie cisco (Coregonus artedi) during the historical period of pre- and post-population declines 1877–1957","docAbstract":"Coregonine fishes play a key role in the food webs and fisheries of the Laurentian Great Lakes and are a major focus of basin-wide conservation efforts. In Lake Erie, management goals prioritize rebuilding spawning populations of cisco (Coregonus artedi). However, the historical distribution of cisco spawning habitat and the environmental conditions that influence early life-stage success remain poorly defined. We used a novel database of historical coregonine spawning observations as well as novel habitat variables to describe historical conditions to model and determine where and what habitat was historically most suitable for spawning cisco in Lake Erie. The environmental predictors that produced the best model included reefs, distance to rivers, historical substrate, coefficient of variation of ice duration, fetch, and circulation. The highest suitability occurred in areas of high reef probability, near river mouths, in rocky and sandy substrate, and in areas of low variability in historical ice, fetch, and circulation. Suitable spawning habitat is predicted mostly around reefs in the western basin as well as along the coast and near rivers lake-wide. Our model identifies important habitat features and allows managers to envision relevant scales and locations at which to focus restoration efforts.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jglr.2026.102839","usgsCitation":"King, K., Brant, C., Cooper, A., Annis, G., Herbert, M., and Alofs, K., 2026, Spawning habitat suitability models for Lake Erie cisco (Coregonus artedi) during the historical period of pre- and post-population declines 1877–1957: Journal of Great Lakes Research, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2026.102839.","ipdsId":"IP-184803","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504650,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jglr.2026.102839","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504527,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Erie","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -78.90437674926393,\n 42.88573072124271\n ],\n [\n -79.52141499356523,\n 42.87769210959476\n ],\n [\n -80.22678399206747,\n 42.79281581499302\n ],\n [\n -80.51880625151767,\n 42.57814946253396\n ],\n [\n -81.02026663661093,\n 42.67543230196293\n ],\n [\n -81.30128454543694,\n 42.67543535756306\n ],\n [\n -81.53822853578485,\n 42.56596464399709\n ],\n [\n -81.9019334399238,\n 42.33014170165541\n ],\n [\n -81.95153424579222,\n 42.26492779780335\n ],\n [\n -82.12236039987853,\n 42.236375180224144\n ],\n [\n -82.45298532777961,\n 42.08524033767702\n ],\n [\n -82.5191058069868,\n 41.92964634487325\n ],\n [\n -82.61828632462084,\n 42.04024072452731\n ],\n [\n -82.91034362126736,\n 41.987015817617134\n ],\n [\n -83.11972864041921,\n 42.077062926530004\n ],\n [\n -83.10317152070901,\n 42.24453450962994\n ],\n [\n -83.29610139408294,\n 41.9419412108324\n ],\n [\n -83.3622121286252,\n 41.92964573816295\n ],\n [\n -83.51644448225035,\n 41.69555451568095\n ],\n [\n -82.9488535420495,\n 41.41103910261083\n ],\n [\n -82.71193183972241,\n 41.41929329585025\n ],\n [\n -82.47491670465367,\n 41.35733064230888\n ],\n [\n -81.99008606791249,\n 41.477110666960954\n ],\n [\n -81.70899983775189,\n 41.46067864477564\n ],\n [\n -81.25720217469238,\n 41.736707291689584\n ],\n [\n -80.6842102922714,\n 41.88460348122109\n ],\n [\n -79.96258495960994,\n 42.16700280222196\n ],\n [\n -79.42295622097835,\n 42.38302164176207\n ],\n [\n -79.37861904307078,\n 42.4440510296389\n ],\n [\n -79.15795348814065,\n 42.52534601120243\n ],\n [\n -79.00930804606551,\n 42.69563463834368\n ],\n [\n -78.83853732874603,\n 42.76038448982763\n ],\n [\n -78.84931646792415,\n 42.86956831700121\n ],\n [\n -78.90437674926393,\n 42.88573072124271\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"King, Katelyn","contributorId":348081,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"King","given":"Katelyn","affiliations":[{"id":6601,"text":"Michigan State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brant, Cory 0000-0002-0919-1566","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0919-1566","contributorId":223422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brant","given":"Cory","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cooper, Arthur","contributorId":184194,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"Arthur","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Annis, Gust","contributorId":146673,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Annis","given":"Gust","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herbert, Matthew","contributorId":275306,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Herbert","given":"Matthew","affiliations":[{"id":7041,"text":"The Nature Conservancy","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alofs, Karen M","contributorId":293588,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Alofs","given":"Karen M","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70276407,"text":"70276407 - 2026 - Melanoma and other melanistic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus from waterbodies in the northeastern United States and Canada: Identification of risk factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-06-04T19:56:25.660858","indexId":"70276407","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-15T09:19:43","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"Melanoma and other melanistic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus from waterbodies in the northeastern United States and Canada: Identification of risk factors","title":"Melanoma and other melanistic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus from waterbodies in the northeastern United States and Canada: Identification of risk factors","docAbstract":"Melanistic lesions, including non-raised black areas due to proliferations of melanocytes and melanomacrophages in the dermis and epidermis, as well as raised black areas consistent with melanoma, are described in brown bullhead (BBH) Ameiurus nebulosus from three water bodies in the northeastern United States and Quebec, Canada. First observed in the Vermont portion of Lake Memphremagog, Vermont, USA and Quebec, Canada, the prevalence of melanistic lesions during 2014–2020 was greater than 30% in BBH 200 mm and longer. In 2023, seven sites throughout the lake were assessed, and prevalence ranged from 18% to 42%. In Hermon Pond, Maine, the prevalence was 29% in 2024, and in Village Pond, New Hampshire, lesions occurred in 22% of BBH in 2025. Compared to skin from visibly normal BBH, skin with melanistic lesions had significantly higher concentrations of seven metals, including arsenic, a known carcinogen and zinc. Lesions associated with oxidative damage, such as the accumulation of ceroid/lipofuscin, were also observed in the gill, spleen and kidney tissue of both affected and visibly normal BBH. The progression of lesions, observed by histopathology, ranged from inflammation, signs of oxidative damage, proliferation and necrosis of club cells, and the presence of melanomacrophages and melanocytes in the epidermis to invasive melanoma and suggests chronic exposure of BBH to environmental initiators and promoters of carcinogenesis.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/jfd.70207","usgsCitation":"Blazer, V., Emerson, P., Bodnar, M., Jones, T., Russel, D.R., Pehrson, M., Smith, C.R., Cleveland, D.M., Henderson, M., and Mazik, P., 2026, Melanoma and other melanistic lesions in brown bullhead Ameiurus nebulosus from waterbodies in the northeastern United States and Canada: Identification of risk factors: Journal of Fish Diseases, https://doi.org/10.1111/jfd.70207.","ipdsId":"IP-184408","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"New Hampshire, New York, Quebec, Vermont","otherGeospatial":"Lake Memphremagog","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.66071499002388,\n 46.2739534350911\n ],\n [\n -67.13389918599088,\n 46.2739534350911\n ],\n [\n -67.13389918599088,\n 43.122129985931196\n ],\n [\n -73.66071499002388,\n 43.122129985931196\n ],\n [\n -73.66071499002388,\n 46.2739534350911\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Blazer, Vicki S. 0000-0001-6647-9614","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6647-9614","contributorId":349694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blazer","given":"Vicki S.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Emerson, P.","contributorId":371775,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Emerson","given":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bodnar, M.","contributorId":371776,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bodnar","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jones, Thomas","contributorId":371818,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jones","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":27622,"text":"Vermont Fish and Wildlife Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Russel, D. R.","contributorId":371777,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Russel","given":"D.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":39965,"text":"Maine Department of Inland Fisheries and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pehrson, M.","contributorId":371779,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pehrson","given":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":56597,"text":"New Hampshire Fish and Game Department","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Smith, Cheyenne R. 0000-0002-7226-1774","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7226-1774","contributorId":219236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Cheyenne","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":12432,"text":"West Virginia University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":true,"id":962350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cleveland, Danielle M. 0000-0003-3880-4584 dcleveland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3880-4584","contributorId":187471,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cleveland","given":"Danielle","email":"dcleveland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Henderson, Mark J. 0000-0002-2861-8668 mhenderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2861-8668","contributorId":198609,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henderson","given":"Mark J.","email":"mhenderson@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":962352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Mazik, Patricia 0000-0002-8046-5929 pmazik@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8046-5929","contributorId":220979,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mazik","given":"Patricia","email":"pmazik@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70275759,"text":"70275759 - 2026 - Baseflow and snowmelt sustained streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1986-2020","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-18T15:41:10.864479","indexId":"70275759","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-15T08:34:21","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":23283,"text":"Environmental Research: Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Baseflow and snowmelt sustained streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1986-2020","docAbstract":"The Upper Colorado River Basin (UCRB) faces substantial water availability limitations. Although most streamflow originates as snowmelt, the partitioning of snowmelt between surface runoff and groundwater recharge and subsequent groundwater discharge to streams is highly uncertain. On average, over half of the streamflow in the UCRB is estimated to originate from groundwater discharge to streams, highlighting the importance of baseflow in sustaining surface water. However, the historical patterns of baseflow and streamflow, along with their variability over space and time and their specific sources, remain unknown at the basin scale. This study addresses those gaps by characterizing the sources and transport pathways of both baseflow and streamflow in the UCRB at a seasonal timestep from 1986 to 2020, including the lagged delivery of subsurface water to streams beyond the current season, using coupled models of baseflow and streamflow. Between 1986 and 2020, on average 63% of UCRB streamflow originated from baseflow. About half of this baseflow took longer than one season to reach streams, and outside the snowmelt season, baseflow was the dominant source of streamflow. Snowmelt was a key source of both baseflow and streamflow. Current season snowmelt contributed 33% of streamflow via runoff, and 22% of the 29% of streamflow that originated as current season baseflow via subsurface flow to streams. Over the study period, baseflow index (BFI) declined in headwaters and increased at mid-elevations. Springtime increases in BFI demonstrate the increasingly important role baseflow plays in water supply. Identifying the sources, locations, and timing of water that contributed to the UCRB outlet can inform management of water resources in the basin.","language":"English","publisher":"IOP Publishing","doi":"10.1088/3033-4942/ae6727","usgsCitation":"Miller, O.L., Miller, M., Longley, P.C., Schmadel, N.M., Wise, D.R., McDonnell, M.C., and Alder, J.R., 2026, Baseflow and snowmelt sustained streamflow in the Upper Colorado River Basin, 1986-2020: Environmental Research: Water, v. 2, no. 2, 021002, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae6727.","productDescription":"021002, 17 p.","ipdsId":"IP-179869","costCenters":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1088/3033-4942/ae6727","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504482,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, Colorado, New Mexico, Utah, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Upper Colorado River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -111.23469117797453,\n 41.9044248068121\n ],\n [\n -110.99513783185529,\n 36.15308652392842\n ],\n [\n -106.93457051483014,\n 35.85407686457539\n ],\n [\n -107.51160326104215,\n 40.752398955601954\n ],\n [\n -109.46008888645216,\n 42.06477413129022\n ],\n [\n -111.23469117797453,\n 41.9044248068121\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-15","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Olivia L. 0000-0002-8846-7048","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8846-7048","contributorId":216556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Matthew P. 0000-0002-2537-1823","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2537-1823","contributorId":220622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Matthew P.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - 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Sea otters (Enhydra lutris) are candidates for drone-based observation and monitoring but are vulnerable to disturbance. No studies have evaluated drone effects on sea otter behavior, but based on prior disturbance studies, we hypothesized: (1) sea otters would exhibit behaviors indicating higher reactivity in the presence of drones than when drones were absent and (2) drone disturbance to sea otters would be greater when drones were closer. At two sites in Monterey Bay, CA, we conducted 37 observational sessions, recording behavior codes for focal sea otters during a baseline (no drone) period and three consecutive drone flights. Data were analyzed using ANOVA and ordinal logistic regression models. At both locations, focal sea otters had higher behavior codes during drone trials compared to baseline, and behavior codes increased with descending drone altitude. Pup presence, group size, flight trial number, and gull presence were significant covariables. We calculated multipliers to predict drone-mediated behavioral responses at a range of drone altitudes. Our findings can inform best practices for a variety of uses of drones around sea otters, including population monitoring, oil spill response, and drone photography/videography.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/mms.70185","usgsCitation":"Young, C., Yee, J.L., Bentall, G., Staedler, M.M., Carswell, L., and Daly, M., 2026, Quantifying southern sea otter (Enhydra lutris nereis) reactions to a quadcopter drone in central California: Marine Mammal Science, v. 42, no. 3, e70185, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70185.","productDescription":"e70185, 13 p.","ipdsId":"IP-180352","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505042,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/mms.70185","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504896,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Cannery Row, Monterey Bay, Otter Point","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n 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Hydrology: Regional Studies, v. 66, 103511, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103511.","productDescription":"103511, 46 p.","ipdsId":"IP-176068","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ejrh.2026.103511","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504479,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Africa","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -14.747952563170372,\n 31.335771644077468\n ],\n [\n -22.664246394525506,\n 10.948239374823473\n ],\n [\n 11.11513704629678,\n -10.725838574231446\n ],\n [\n 13.158303570246815,\n -37.861741555737794\n ],\n [\n 34.63730551938298,\n 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Historical, future, and potential stream capture from groundwater pumping in the middle Humboldt River Basin (MHRB), Nevada, is estimated using a calibrated numerical groundwater flow model. The model was developed to estimate (1) stream capture, which is the change in flux between the groundwater system and the Humboldt River and tributaries, and (2) change in streamflow, which is the change in streamflow estimated for the Imlay gage on the Humboldt River (U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 10333000). Historical stream capture for water years (WYs) 1961–2015 is estimated using recorded and estimated groundwater pumping during that period. Future (predictive) stream capture was based on historical stresses (WYs 1961–2015) using a scenario that simulated non-mine pumping from WY 2015 at a uniform rate for 100 years into the future. Potential stream capture throughout the middle Humboldt River Basin from groundwater pumping during varying durations of time are presented in a series of capture maps. Maps also are presented that show the potential to capture from groundwater evapotranspiration, as well as the storage changes for pumping duration of 100 years.
Estimates of historical stream capture from the mainstem Humboldt River during the early 1960s are less than 400 acre-feet per year (acre-ft/yr) when groundwater withdrawals and pumping rates were relatively small compared to more recent times. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, groundwater withdrawals increased and estimated historical stream capture also increased from about 4,000 acre-ft/yr in the late 1980s and early 1990s to as much as 18,800 acre-feet (acre-ft) in WY 1998. In WY 2015, estimated historical stream capture declined to about 13,000 acre-ft because of decreasing groundwater withdrawals and lower streamflow during the drought of WYs 2012–15, resulting in less stream water available for capture. Stream capture was estimated for 100 years into the future based on WY 2015 non-mine pumping rates and mine-dewatering activity through WY 2015. Stream capture is forecast to increase to about 23,000 acre-ft/yr, and streamflow in the Humboldt River could decrease by as much as 19,000 acre-ft/yr.
Pumping for mine-dewatering and the associated discharge of that water affects streamflow in the Humboldt River at Imlay, Nevada (U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 10333000). Historically, from WYs 1991 to 2015, streamflow was greater at Imlay gage during active mine-dewatering from mine-water discharge operations and increased by as much as 105,000 acre-ft in WY 1998. The increase was attributed mostly to the discharge of groundwater from mine-related dewatering operations directly into the mainstem Humboldt River or its tributaries, with some of this increase associated with return flows from discharge to rapid infiltration basins. Results indicate that streamflow at Imlay gage is expected to decrease by as much as 1,600 acre-ft/yr 30 years after mine-related pumping and discharge are discontinued. The streamflow reductions at the Imlay gage are expected to then decrease to around 500 acre-ft/yr, 100 years after mine-related pumping and discharge are discontinued.
Potential capture maps were produced for pumping durations of 10, 25, 50, and 100 years. Capture map results indicate that areas of greater potential stream capture occur adjacent to the Humboldt River and for upstream tributaries areas north of the Humboldt River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/pp1906","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Division of Water Resources","programNote":"Water Resources Mission Area—Cooperative Water Program and Hydrologic Research and Development","usgsCitation":"Davis, K.W., Eldridge, W.G., Allander, K.K., Prudic, D.E., Gardner, M.A., Pavelko, M.T., and Nadler, C.A., 2026, Evaluation of stream capture related to groundwater pumping, middle Humboldt River Basin, Nevada: U.S. Geological\nSurvey Professional Paper 1906, 176 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1906.","productDescription":"Report: xiv, 176 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"176","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-089162","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504304,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1906/pp1906.pdf","text":"Report","size":"50 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"PP 1906 PDF"},{"id":504433,"rank":8,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_119414.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":504303,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1906/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":504309,"rank":7,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9YZUT70","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Humboldt River Basin model grids and potential groundwater capture results"},{"id":504308,"rank":6,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9UPZJJH","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW- 6 models to evaluate stream capture related to groundwater pumping, middle Humboldt River Basin, Nevada"},{"id":504305,"rank":3,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/pp1906/full","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"PP 1906 HTML"},{"id":504306,"rank":4,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1906/pp1906.XML","description":"PP 1906 XML"},{"id":504307,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1906/images"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"middle Humboldt River basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -114.5,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 42\n ],\n [\n -119,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 39\n ],\n [\n -114.5,\n 42\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Nevada Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2730 N. Deer Run Road, Suite 3
Carson City, Nevada 89701
The Humboldt River in the middle Humboldt River Basin (MHRB) is a water source that supports substantial agricultural development in northern Nevada. Additionally, groundwater in the MRHB is pumped to support agriculture, energy, municipal, and mining operations. This study evaluates the effects of groundwater pumping on streamflow and estimates stream capture for the Humboldt River and MHRB. A calibrated numerical groundwater-flow model was used in this study to estimate historical and future stream capture from groundwater pumping in the MHRB. Historical stream capture for the Humboldt River and its tributaries, specifically from water year 1961 to water year 2015, was determined based on recorded and estimated groundwater pumping during that period and was about 400 acre-feet per year during the early 1960s, 4,000 acre-feet per year in the late 1980s and early 1990s, and 13,000 acre-feet per year in water year 2015. Stream capture from the Humboldt River is forecasted to increase to as much as 23,000 acre-feet per year 100 years into the future, an increase from the estimated historical stream capture. Forecasted streamflow in the Humboldt River could decrease by as much as 19,000 acre-feet per year after 100 years of pumping for agricultural, municipal, and energy-related uses. Historical pumping for mine-dewatering and the associated mine-water discharge are forecasted to reduce streamflow at the Imlay streamgage in the Humboldt River by as much as 1,600 acre-feet per year 30 years after mining operations are discontinued. Streamflow reductions from historical mining operations are forecasted to be 500 acre-feet per year 100 years after mining operations are discontinued.
","publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Kyle W. 0000-0002-8723-0110","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8723-0110","contributorId":201549,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Kyle W.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":562,"text":"South Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eldridge, William G. 0000-0002-3562-728X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3562-728X","contributorId":208529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eldridge","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":34685,"text":"Dakota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":371314,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":88112,"text":"Nevada Division of Water Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Prudic, David E.","contributorId":371315,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Prudic","given":"David","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":12608,"text":"USGS, retired","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gardner, Murphy A. 0000-0002-3951-6667","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-6667","contributorId":279996,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardner","given":"Murphy","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":961515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Pavelko, Michael T. 0000-0002-8323-3998 mpavelko@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8323-3998","contributorId":2321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pavelko","given":"Michael","email":"mpavelko@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":961516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Nadler, Cara A. 0000-0002-8711-7249","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8711-7249","contributorId":371316,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nadler","given":"Cara","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":16138,"text":"Desert Research Institute","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":961517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70276297,"text":"70276297 - 2026 - Predictable seismic cycles result from structural rupture barriers on oceanic transform faults","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-27T14:26:16.078038","indexId":"70276297","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-14T09:22:59","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Predictable seismic cycles result from structural rupture barriers on oceanic transform faults","docAbstract":"Earthquakes of magnitude (M) >5.5 on oceanic transform faults (OTFs) repeatedly rupture the same locked patches, sometimes quasiperiodically. These patches are separated by “barriers” that halt earthquake propagation and slip mostly aseismically. However, the physical processes governing this systematic behavior remain unclear. We analyzed two barriers along the Gofar transform fault that have arrested ~15 M6 earthquakes over the past three decades. Ocean bottom seismometer data indicate that the barriers hosted intense microseismicity before the mainshocks and comprise multistrand faults and transtensional stepovers with 100- to 400-m lateral offset. These characteristics contradict earthquake rupture termination models invoking velocity-strengthening friction or large geometric steps and instead point to damage-enhanced porosity and dilatancy-strengthening mechanisms. By isolating rupture segments, the barriers regulate the quasiperiodic recurrence of OTF earthquakes.
","language":"English","publisher":"AAAS","doi":"10.1126/science.ady6190","usgsCitation":"Gong, J., Fan, W., McGuire, J.J., Behn, M.D., Warren, J.M., Roland, E., Boettcher, M.S., Collins, J.A., Liu, Y., and German, C.R., 2026, Predictable seismic cycles result from structural rupture barriers on oceanic transform faults: Science, v. 392, p. 718-723, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.ady6190.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"718","endPage":"723","ipdsId":"IP-183378","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504733,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Gofar transform fault, Pacific Ocean","volume":"392","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gong, Jianhua","contributorId":317847,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gong","given":"Jianhua","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":34004,"text":"Scripps Institute of Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962009,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fan, Wenyuan","contributorId":174007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fan","given":"Wenyuan","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6728,"text":"Scripps Inst Oceanography","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McGuire, Jeffrey J. 0000-0001-9235-2166","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9235-2166","contributorId":220939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGuire","given":"Jeffrey","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Behn, Mark D.","contributorId":371550,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Behn","given":"Mark","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13422,"text":"Boston College","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962012,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Warren, Jessica M. 0000-0002-4046-4200","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-4200","contributorId":206098,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Warren","given":"Jessica","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13359,"text":"University of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962013,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Roland, Emily","contributorId":247881,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roland","given":"Emily","affiliations":[{"id":6934,"text":"University of Washington","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962014,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Boettcher, M. S.","contributorId":371551,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Boettcher","given":"M.","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":38082,"text":"Univ. of New Hampshire","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962015,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Collins, J. A.","contributorId":371552,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Collins","given":"J.","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Liu, Y.","contributorId":127400,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Liu","given":"Y.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6940,"text":"State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology, College of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962017,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"German, C. R.","contributorId":371555,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"German","given":"C.","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":36711,"text":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962018,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}} ,{"id":70276331,"text":"70276331 - 2026 - Syn-magmatic subsidence during the early stages of continental rifting in the Mesoproterozoic—A reanalysis of legacy data for the Midcontinent Rift, western Lake Superior","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-29T13:44:35.665335","indexId":"70276331","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-14T08:37:49","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1820,"text":"Geosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Syn-magmatic subsidence during the early stages of continental rifting in the Mesoproterozoic—A reanalysis of legacy data for the Midcontinent Rift, western Lake Superior","docAbstract":"The Midcontinent Rift system (ca. 1.1 Ga) is a 2000-km-long series of elongated volcanic and sedimentary troughs and associated intrusive centers exposed chiefly in the Lake Superior region of North America. The rift system represents a long history of intense magmatism and subsequent sedimentation that was arrested by far-field tectonic events before sea-floor spreading was established. The premature cessation preserved a record of processes related to the beginning of continental rifting.
The rift system under Lake Superior has been long studied using seismic-reflection data collected as part of the Great Lakes International Multidisciplinary Program on Crustal Evolution (GLIMPCE). We reexamine GLIMPCE Line C by developing a detailed velocity model for time to depth conversion constrained by other legacy data. We corroborate the model and develop a geologic interpretation using gravity and magnetic modeling and ties to geology mapped onshore.
We recognize superposed subsiding sedimentary and volcanic basins for the southern half of the Line C depth section. This interpretation differs from previous paradigms that show major crustal faults that bound half-grabens or full grabens. We conclude that high-velocity (6.9 km/s) intrusive zones rather than major crustal faults border the sides of the basins. We speculate that the volcanic basin represents the initiation of seaward dipping reflectors.
The syn-magmatic subsidence can be explained by dike injection and volcanic loading. Discrete lava basins throughout the region likely subsided at different times in a disorganized manner along the rift trend, raising questions about the long-term role of lithospheric thinning and melt generation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/GES02899.1","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., Woodruff, L.G., Heller, S.J., and Stewart, E.K., 2026, Syn-magmatic subsidence during the early stages of continental rifting in the Mesoproterozoic—A reanalysis of legacy data for the Midcontinent Rift, western Lake Superior: Geosphere, https://doi.org/10.1130/GES02899.1.","ipdsId":"IP-170910","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49175,"text":"Geology, Energy & Minerals Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":505038,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/ges02899.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":504863,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","state":"Michigan, Minnesota, Ontario, Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"Lake Superior","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.0406105319069,\n 49.21454141131284\n ],\n [\n -93.54881325461385,\n 49.21454141131284\n ],\n [\n -93.54881325461385,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -87.0406105319069,\n 46\n ],\n [\n -87.0406105319069,\n 49.21454141131284\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online First","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2026-05-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. 0000-0002-0761-3489 tien@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":152256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"tien@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Heller, Samuel J. 0000-0002-6579-5620 sheller@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6579-5620","contributorId":201350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heller","given":"Samuel","email":"sheller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":962125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Esther K. 0000-0001-7362-3020","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7362-3020","contributorId":371613,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Stewart","given":"Esther","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":39043,"text":"Wisconsin Geological and Natural History Survey","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":962126,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70275209,"text":"sir20265137 - 2026 - Practical guidance for engaging end-users and experts in developing scientific tools","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2026-05-14T14:21:59.669974","indexId":"sir20265137","displayToPublicDate":"2026-05-13T11:55:00","publicationYear":"2026","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2026-5137","displayTitle":"Practical Guidance for Engaging End-Users and Experts in Developing Scientific Tools","title":"Practical guidance for engaging end-users and experts in developing scientific tools","docAbstract":"This report provides actionable guidance for scientists developing scientific tools that inform on-the-ground decision making. Scientific tools, in the context of this report, are technology or protocols that help practitioners collect and analyze their own data, and information products and web tools that practitioners could use to inform decisions. Engaging end-users and fellow experts is fundamental to the creation of useful scientific tools. Scientists can use clear and specific direction on action steps and activities to effectively engage with end-users and fellow experts during development. Our study explores lessons learned from six U.S. Geological Survey projects that designed and implemented engagement activities with end-users and experts to coproduce scientific tools for natural resource managers. U.S. Geological Survey teams engaged end-users and experts across the United States from Federal, State, and local governments; universities; Tribes; territories; and nongovernmental organizations in designing and developing scientific tools intended to support end-users in their work. An online survey with 98 participants measured satisfaction across several indicators of successful engagement, including engagement activity frequency, sufficient opportunities to provide feedback, feedback implementation, inclusion of necessary perspectives, and functionality of the tool for end-users. Semistructured interviews were held with project leads, during which the project leads reviewed a summary of the survey results. The project leads reflected on the engagement efforts used in their project, then described lessons learned from the engagement experience and participant feedback. Common themes for ensuring effective engagement identified through thematic analysis included engaging end-users during product conceptualization; establishing clear roles and expectations; considering who end-users are and how end-users may use the tool; recruiting participants through your network, boundary spanners, and leadership; understanding individual use cases; communicating how feedback was integrated into the product; and strategically using virtual meeting tools. This guide shares practical steps and exercises for planning and facilitating effective engagement based on lessons learned from project leads and case study summaries of each project.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20265137","programNote":"Biological Threats and Invasive Species Research Program","usgsCitation":"Clements, K.R., English, J.J., Wilkins, E.J., Moore, M.A., and Schuster, R., 2026, Practical guidance for engaging end-users and experts in developing scientific tools: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2026–5137, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20265137.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 63 p.; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-176050","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":504301,"rank":6,"type":{"id":39,"text":"HTML Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20265137/full","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"SIR 2026-5137"},{"id":503322,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5137/sir20265137.xml"},{"id":503321,"rank":4,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5137/images"},{"id":503320,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P13TZJ7B","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Survey Responses Collected in 2024 Measuring End-users' and Experts' Experiences Being Engaged in Development of Scientific Tools"},{"id":503319,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5137/sir20265137.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.83 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"SIR 2026-5137"},{"id":503318,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2026/5137/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Bldg. C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
While conservation goals have long been pursued through traditional species-augmenting actions, a broader set of episodic ecosystem modification (EEM) actions, such as hydropower dam releases, prescribed fire, and beach nourishment, is garnering attention. EEM actions face several implementation challenges stemming from high opportunity costs, delayed effect mechanisms, reliance on monitoring for deployment timing, and outcome uncertainty due to infrequent use. In this paper, we study the use of EEM actions in the form of designer flows—ecologically-motivated releases of water into regulated river segments—to maintain a viable population of a threatened native fish species in the Colorado River. We demonstrate how the cost-effectiveness of EEM actions can be hampered by the complex and delayed effects on species viability, but enhanced through targeted monitoring for timing deployment and experimentation for reducing uncertainty about effectiveness.
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