Hawaiian and other ocean island lava flows that reach the coastline can deposit significant volumes of lava in submarine deltas. The catastrophic collapse of these deltas represents one of the most significant, but least predictable, volcanic hazards at ocean islands. The volume of lava deposited below sea level in delta-forming eruptions and the mechanisms of delta construction and destruction are rarely documented. Here, we report on bathymetric surveys and ROV observations following the Kīlauea 2018 eruption that, along with a comparison to the deltas formed at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō over the past decade, provide new insight into delta formation. Bathymetric differencing reveals that the 2018 deltas contain more than half of the total volume of lava erupted. In addition, we find that the 2018 deltas are comprised largely of coarse-grained volcanic breccias and intact lava flows, which contrast with those at Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō that contain a large fraction of fine-grained hyaloclastite. We attribute this difference to less efficient fragmentation of the 2018 ‘a‘ā flows leading to fragmentation by collapse rather than hydrovolcanic explosion. We suggest a mechanistic model where the characteristic grain size influences the form and stability of the delta with fine grain size deltas (Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō) experiencing larger landslides with greater run-out supported by increased pore pressure and with coarse grain size deltas (Kīlauea 2018) experiencing smaller landslides that quickly stop as the pore pressure rapidly dissipates. This difference, if validated for other lava deltas, would provide a means to assess potential delta stability in future eruptions.
The Failure Forecast Method (FFM) was introduced as an empirical model for forecasting catastrophic material failures related to natural hazards, such as landslides and volcanic eruptions, with mixed success. During the 2018 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, the draining of the summit magma reservoir into the Lower East Rift Zone resulted in the formation of a new caldera at the summit. I tested the applicability of the FFM to caldera collapse by analyzing the cyclical earthquake swarms and ground deformation that occurred between 62 sudden major caldera collapse events. The progression of both the cumulative moment release of the cyclical earthquakes and the GNSS displacement show a major change in mid-June. In late May through early June, the progression of the parameters is consistent with strain localization or creep progression related to the development or activation of the ring fault system. From late June until the end of the eruption, parameter progression is roughly steady with initial accelerating increases in cumulative moment and displacement that shift to approximately linear progression. Analysis of repeating earthquake families in the cyclical swarms showed that the behavior of the repeaters was consistent with that of the cyclical swarms as a whole and suggested that each family undergoes its own progression of activation to termination. While the FFM analysis identified the system change in mid-June, it did not demonstrate an ability to forecast collapse events or the end of the eruption.
Throughout the 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano (Hawai‘i), episodic collapses of a portion of the volcano’s summit caldera produced repeated
We employ near‐field GPS data to determine the subsurface geometry of a collapsing caldera during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption. Collapse occurred in 62 discrete events, with “inflationary” deformation external to the collapse, similar to previous basaltic collapses. We take advantage of GPS data from the collapsing block and independent constraints on the magma chamber geometry from inversion of deflation prior to collapse onset. This provides an unparalleled opportunity to constrain the collapse geometry. Employing an axisymmetric finite element model, the co‐collapse displacements are best explained by piston‐like subsidence along a high angle (∼85°) normal ring fault that may steepen to vertical with depth. Reservoir magma has compressibility of 2→15 × 10−10 Pa−1, indicating bubble volume fractions from 1% to 7% (lower if fault steepens with depth). Magma pressure increases during collapses are 1 to 3 MPa, depending on compressibility. Depressurization of a triaxial point source in a homogeneous half‐space fits the data well but provides a biased representation of the source depth and process.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2020GL088867","usgsCitation":"Segall, P., Anderson, K.R., Pulvirenti, F., Wang, T., and Johanson, I.A., 2020, Caldera collapse geometry revealed by near‐field GPS displacements at Kilauea Volcano in 2018: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 47, no. 15, e2020GL088867, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2020GL088867.","productDescription":"e2020GL088867, 8 p.","ipdsId":"IP-119131","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":378688,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3415298461914,\n 19.351315193191255\n ],\n [\n -155.19115447998047,\n 19.351315193191255\n ],\n [\n -155.19115447998047,\n 19.457528461729705\n ],\n [\n -155.3415298461914,\n 19.457528461729705\n ],\n [\n -155.3415298461914,\n 19.351315193191255\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"47","issue":"15","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Segall, Paul","contributorId":241093,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Segall","given":"Paul","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Pulvirenti, Fabio","contributorId":241094,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pulvirenti","given":"Fabio","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":48203,"text":"JPL/Caltech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799524,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wang, Taiyi","contributorId":241095,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wang","given":"Taiyi","affiliations":[{"id":6986,"text":"Stanford University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":799525,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid A. 0000-0002-6049-2225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-2225","contributorId":215613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":799526,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211551,"text":"70211551 - 2020 - The historic events at Kilauea Volcano in 2018: Summit collapse, rift zone eruption, and Mw 6.9 earthquake: Preface to the special issue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-30T14:53:32.42354","indexId":"70211551","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-20T09:47:22","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1109,"text":"Bulletin of Volcanology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The historic events at Kilauea Volcano in 2018: Summit collapse, rift zone eruption, and Mw 6.9 earthquake: Preface to the special issue","docAbstract":"Kīlauea Volcano, on the Island of Hawaiʻi, has had a prominent role in the science of volcanology, and a long history of generating new insights into how volcanoes operate (Tilling et al. 2014; Garcia 2015). Native Hawaiians shared ideas on the behavior of the volcano with early Western visitors to Kīlauea, addressing the basic geometry of magma supply and transport (Ellis 1825; Bishop 1827). The recognition that magma originated at the summit and was transferred at shallow levels to the flanks implied that these ideas were rooted in centuries of observation preceding Western contact. The lava lake activity at Kīlauea’s summit in the 1800s and early 1900s fascinated early geologists, such as James Dana (1890), who published one of the first inquiries into the fundamental processes of Hawaiian volcanoes. The sustained activity led to the 1912 founding of the Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, one of the world’s first volcano observatories, by Thomas Jaggar (Tilling et al. 2014). Kīlauea’s activity in the 20th century contributed to the development of many modern volcano monitoring techniques (Tilling et al. 2014), which helped refine conceptual models of how volcanoes behave (Eaton and Murata, 1960).","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s00445-020-01377-5","usgsCitation":"Patrick, M.R., Johanson, I.A., Shea, T., and Waite, G., 2020, The historic events at Kilauea Volcano in 2018: Summit collapse, rift zone eruption, and Mw 6.9 earthquake: Preface to the special issue: Bulletin of Volcanology, v. 82, 46, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01377-5.","productDescription":"46, 4 p.","ipdsId":"IP-117306","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":456682,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s00445-020-01377-5","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376889,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3144073486328,\n 19.385000077878544\n ],\n [\n -155.22789001464844,\n 19.385000077878544\n ],\n [\n -155.22789001464844,\n 19.44652177370614\n ],\n [\n -155.3144073486328,\n 19.44652177370614\n ],\n [\n -155.3144073486328,\n 19.385000077878544\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"82","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2020-05-20","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid A. 0000-0002-6049-2225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-2225","contributorId":215613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shea, Thomas","contributorId":236886,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shea","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[{"id":47560,"text":"University of Hawaii Manoa","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Waite, Greg 0000-0002-7092-8125","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7092-8125","contributorId":215624,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Waite","given":"Greg","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":36614,"text":"Michigan Tech","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794597,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70210016,"text":"ofr20201041 - 2020 - U.S. Geological Survey 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption response in Hawai'i—After-action review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-08T21:58:33.431965","indexId":"ofr20201041","displayToPublicDate":"2020-05-14T12:39:16","publicationYear":"2020","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2020-1041","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey 2018 Kīlauea Volcano Eruption Response in Hawai'i—After-Action Review","title":"U.S. Geological Survey 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption response in Hawai'i—After-action review","docAbstract":"The 2018 Kīlauea Volcano eruption lasted 107 days, and now ranks as the most destructive event at Kilauea since 1790, and as one of the most costly volcanic disasters in U.S. history. Multiple simultaneous hazard events unfolded, including sustained seismic activity leading to collapse at the summit of Halema'uma'u crater and severe damage to the HVO facility, with additional eruption of lava in the Kīlauea Lower East Rift Zone that progressively grew to a total of 24 fissure openings. In response to the complex and uncertain nature of the eruption, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) team activities tended to coalesce around several interrelated core functional areas: science operations, emergency management and administration, and external communications. Upon cessation of the eruption, the USGS Hazard Response Executive Committee charged the Alaska Regional Office to lead an After-Action Review team, which focused on two basic questions: (1) what went well, and why?; and (2) what can be improved, and how? The purpose of the After-Action Review is to identify priorities for programmatic or policy improvements that the USGS can feasibly implement to advance strategic preparation for future disasters, and thereby reduce public vulnerabilities. Specifically, the review is intended to help USGS respond even better to the next eruption in Hawai'i or elsewhere by advancing any of the following goals:
Regional Director, Alaska
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508-4560
The selection and weighting of ground‐motion models (GMMs) introduces a significant source of uncertainty in U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Seismic Hazard Modeling Project (NSHMP) forecasts. In this study, we evaluate 18 candidate GMMs using instrumental ground‐motion observations of horizontal peak ground acceleration (PGA) and 5%‐damped pseudospectral acceleration (0.02–10 s) for tectonic earthquakes and volcanic eruptions, to inform logic‐tree weights for the update of the USGS seismic hazard model for Hawaii. GMMs are evaluated using two methods. The first is a total residual visualization approach that compares the probability density function (PDF), mean and standard deviations
No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Fire & fury: 35 years of eruptions at Kilauea","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Mutual Publishing","isbn":"9781949307108","usgsCitation":"Kauahikaua, J.P., 2019, Tradition and science chronicle Pele's unyielding power, chap. of Fire & fury: 35 years of eruptions at Kilauea, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","ipdsId":"IP-108883","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369813,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://mutualpublishing.com/product/fire-and-fury/"},{"id":369814,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.41500091552734,\n 19.29299799768025\n ],\n [\n -155.14171600341797,\n 19.29299799768025\n ],\n [\n -155.14171600341797,\n 19.483423604156762\n ],\n [\n -155.41500091552734,\n 19.483423604156762\n ],\n [\n -155.41500091552734,\n 19.29299799768025\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":775202,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70206951,"text":"70206951 - 2019 - Mechanics of inflationary deformation during Caldera collapse: Evidence from the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-02T07:06:50","indexId":"70206951","displayToPublicDate":"2019-10-17T07:06:08","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanics of inflationary deformation during Caldera collapse: Evidence from the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption","docAbstract":"During the 2018 Kilauea eruption the caldera ffloor dropped 500 meters in 62 nearly periodic events of up to 8 meters. Caldera collapse maintains pressure in the magma reservoir necessary to sustain high-rate eruptions. The 2018 collapses were accompanied by inflationary tilts and displacements, similar to observations at other basaltic calderas. Collapse is modeled in 2D by uniform slip dislocations intersecting a magma chamber. Collapses occurred rapidly, such that mass within the chamber was constant. For vertical faults surface deformation outside the collapse results only from chamber pressurization with displacements anti-parallel to pre-collapse deflation, similar to observations. For inward dipping faults the predicted ratio of horizontal to vertical displacements during collapse is greater than for the pre-collapse deflation, as observed. For outward dipping faults the horizontal displacements are inward, contrary to data. The average deformation trends during the eruption depend on fault dip and whether stress required to trigger collapses was constant or changed with time.","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GL084689","usgsCitation":"Paul Segall, Anderson, K.R., Johanson, I.A., and Miklius, A., 2019, Mechanics of inflationary deformation during Caldera collapse: Evidence from the 2018 Kīlauea Eruption: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 46, no. 21, p. 11782-11789, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL084689.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"11782","endPage":"11789","ipdsId":"IP-110422","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":369784,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.38238525390625,\n 19.137384001472565\n ],\n [\n -155.07476806640625,\n 19.137384001472565\n ],\n [\n -155.07476806640625,\n 19.414792438099557\n ],\n [\n -155.38238525390625,\n 19.414792438099557\n ],\n [\n -155.38238525390625,\n 19.137384001472565\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"21","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-11-03","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Paul Segall","contributorId":200979,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul Segall","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":776355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Kyle R. 0000-0001-8041-3996 kranderson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8041-3996","contributorId":3522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Kyle","email":"kranderson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Johanson, Ingrid A. 0000-0002-6049-2225","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6049-2225","contributorId":215613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johanson","given":"Ingrid","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Miklius, Asta 0000-0002-2286-1886","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2286-1886","contributorId":215615,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miklius","given":"Asta","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":776357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70204923,"text":"70204923 - 2019 - Topographic changes during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption from Single-pass Airborne InSAR","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T09:52:19","indexId":"70204923","displayToPublicDate":"2019-08-21T11:44:14","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Topographic changes during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption from Single-pass Airborne InSAR","docAbstract":"The 2018 eruption of Kīlauea volcano, Hawai‘i, was its most effusive in over 200 years. We apply the airborne Glacier and Ice Surface Topography Interferometer (GLISTIN‐A) interferometric synthetic aperture radar (InSAR) instrument to measure topographic change associated with the eruption. The GLISTIN‐A radar flew in response to the eruption, acquiring observations of Kīlauea on seven days between May 18 and September 15, 2018. Topography differences were computed relative to GLISTIN‐A observations in 2017. Bare‐earth topography and off‐shore bathymetry were used to correct for vegetation and creation of new coastal land within the Lower East Rift Zone (LERZ) lava flow field. We estimate that the LERZ subaerial flows total bulk volume is 0.593 ± 0.011 km3 and that the summit collapse volume is ‐0.836 ± 0.002 km3. Within the temporal sampling and uncertainty from submarine flow volumes, we find that both the LERZ and caldera volume changes were approximately linear.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2019GL083501","usgsCitation":"Lundgren, P.R., Bagnardi, M., and Dietterich, H., 2019, Topographic changes during the 2018 Kīlauea eruption from Single-pass Airborne InSAR: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 46, no. 16, p. 9554-9562, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019GL083501.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"9554","endPage":"9562","ipdsId":"IP-109727","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":499832,"rank":0,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://doaj.org/article/9809feb9307f47abbabb80b6bb69da82","text":"External Repository"},{"id":366860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.53070068359375,\n 19.189271694646738\n ],\n [\n -155.0994873046875,\n 19.189271694646738\n ],\n [\n -155.0994873046875,\n 19.540378338405763\n ],\n [\n -155.53070068359375,\n 19.540378338405763\n ],\n [\n -155.53070068359375,\n 19.189271694646738\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"46","issue":"16","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2019-08-28","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lundgren, Paul R","contributorId":218338,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lundgren","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R","affiliations":[{"id":39807,"text":"NASA Jet Propulsion Lab","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bagnardi, Marco","contributorId":124560,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bagnardi","given":"Marco","affiliations":[{"id":5112,"text":"University of Miami","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dietterich, Hannah R. 0000-0001-7898-4343","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7898-4343","contributorId":212771,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietterich","given":"Hannah R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70205002,"text":"70205002 - 2019 - 3D electrical conductivity imaging of Halema‘uma‘u lava lake (Kīlauea volcano)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-28T11:50:10","indexId":"70205002","displayToPublicDate":"2019-06-10T11:44:53","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"3D electrical conductivity imaging of Halema‘uma‘u lava lake (Kīlauea volcano)","docAbstract":"Before the 2018 collapse of the summit of Kīlauea volcano, a ca. 200 m in diameter lava lake inside of Halema‘uma‘u crater was embedded in a very active hydrothermal system. In 2015, we carried out an electrical conductivity survey and the data were inverted in 3D. The lack of conductivity contrast precludes distinguishing the lava column from the surrounding hydrothermal zones. Laboratory measurements on samples from the lava lake show that the conductivity of magma is significantly lower than that of hydrothermal zones but the high vesicularity of the upper part of the lava lake may decrease its macroscopic conductivity. Based on the 3D conductivity model, we distinguish at least two types of hydrothermal circulations: 1) one guided by the collapse faults of Halema‘uma‘u crater and by the magmatic column of the lava lake, and 2) another guided by previous caldera faults and fractures related to intrusions. We observe that the location of the faults formed during the 2018 collapse of the summit was greatly influenced by the hydrothermally altered zones.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.06.001","usgsCitation":"Gailler, L., Kauahikaua, J.P., Lenat, J., Revil, A., Gresse, M., Ahmed, A.S., Cluzel, N., Manthilake, G., Gurioli, L., Johnson, T.B., Finizola, A., and Delcher, E., 2019, 3D electrical conductivity imaging of Halema‘uma‘u lava lake (Kīlauea volcano): Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 381, p. 185-192, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.06.001.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"185","endPage":"192","ipdsId":"IP-094105","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvolgeores.2019.06.001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367008,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.30402183532715,\n 19.388238642115578\n ],\n [\n -155.23415565490723,\n 19.388238642115578\n ],\n [\n -155.23415565490723,\n 19.433652713875333\n ],\n [\n -155.30402183532715,\n 19.433652713875333\n ],\n [\n -155.30402183532715,\n 19.388238642115578\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"381","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gailler, Lydie 0000-0002-8132-2428","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8132-2428","contributorId":192584,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gailler","given":"Lydie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769509,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lenat, Jean-Francois 0000-0002-4828-9013","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4828-9013","contributorId":218534,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lenat","given":"Jean-Francois","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39864,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769510,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Revil, Andre","contributorId":218535,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Revil","given":"Andre","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39864,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769511,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Gresse, Marceau 0000-0002-3937-3280","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3937-3280","contributorId":218536,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gresse","given":"Marceau","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39865,"text":"Earthquake Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769512,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ahmed, Abdellahi Soueid 0000-0002-4279-0093","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4279-0093","contributorId":218537,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ahmed","given":"Abdellahi","email":"","middleInitial":"Soueid","affiliations":[{"id":39866,"text":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes, Univ. Savoie Mont Blanc, CNRS, IRD, IFSTTAR, ISTerre, 38000 10 Grenoble, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769513,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cluzel, Nicolas 0000-0002-2171-8789","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2171-8789","contributorId":218538,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cluzel","given":"Nicolas","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39864,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769514,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Manthilake, Geeth 0000-0001-8161-081X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8161-081X","contributorId":218539,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Manthilake","given":"Geeth","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39864,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Gurioli, Lucia","contributorId":218540,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gurioli","given":"Lucia","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39864,"text":"Laboratoire Magmas et Volcans, Université Blaise Pascal","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Johnson, Tim B.","contributorId":127336,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":6780,"text":"Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Finizola, Anthony","contributorId":190922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Finizola","given":"Anthony","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Delcher, Eric 0000-0001-6671-7133","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6671-7133","contributorId":218541,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Delcher","given":"Eric","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":39867,"text":"Laboratoire GéoSciences Réunion, Université de la Réunion, IPGP, Sorbonne Paris-Cité, 14 CNRS UMR 7154, 15 Avenue René Cassin, CS 92003, 97744 Saint-Denis, La Réunion, France","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":769519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12}]}} ,{"id":70203752,"text":"70203752 - 2019 - Explosive summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano in 1924 preceded by a decade of crustal contamination and anomalous Pb isotope ratios","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-10T09:46:30","indexId":"70203752","displayToPublicDate":"2019-05-28T09:38:16","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1759,"text":"Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Explosive summit collapse of Kīlauea Volcano in 1924 preceded by a decade of crustal contamination and anomalous Pb isotope ratios","docAbstract":"A geochemical time-series analysis of lavas from frequently active basaltic volcanoes has the potential to reveal the enigmatic mantle controls on volcanic behavior and hazards. In May 1924, the century-long lava lake within Halemaʻumaʻu pit crater at the summit of Kīlauea Volcano drained and the floor of Halemaʻumaʻu collapsed, triggering ∼3 weeks of phreatic explosions due to the interaction of groundwater with hot rock. For the next three decades, eruptions at Kīlauea were sporadic (the longest hiatus was from 1934 to 1952), small in volume, and short (typically <1 month long). Here, we show that the Pb isotope ratios of Kīlauea lava groundmass and tephra glass samples erupted from 1912 to 1954 are anomalous and unusually variable. Many of the samples have elevated 207Pb/204Pb ratios (at a given 206Pb/204Pb), ranging up to ∼0.05 higher than is typical for Kīlauea lavas. The variations in 206Pb/204Pb for samples from 1912–1913 (∼0.055), 1917–1921 (∼0.120), 1923 (∼0.065), and 1952–1954 (∼0.037) are larger over short time periods (∼1–4 yr) than observed during the Puʻu ʻŌʻō rift eruption (only ∼0.031 from 1986 to 2012). These Pb isotopic signatures resulted from variable amounts of crustal contamination (most likely by Pb-rich hydrothermal sulfide minerals with high 207Pb/204Pb ratios) as the parental magmas transited the ∼110 Ma Pacific oceanic crust. This crustal contamination was not directly related to the shallow volcanic events of 1924. Instead, mantle-driven processes at Kīlauea during the previous century—a factor of ∼2 decrease in the degree of partial melting of an increasingly refractory source—led to a decline in the magma supply rate, a major disruption of the magmatic plumbing system, and, for at least a decade prior to 1924, crustal contamination at or below the base of the volcanic edifice (>10 km). The Pb isotopic heterogeneity of the samples on short length (hand specimen to lava flow) and time (∼1–4 yr) scales can be explained by inefficient mixing as small batches of contaminated magma were delivered to the remnants of Kīlauea’s summit magma storage reservoir. Our results confirm that the Pb isotope ratios of basalts from ocean-island volcanoes may be significantly modified by assimilation of materials from the underlying oceanic crust. In particular, the 207Pb/204Pb ratio may be a sensitive tracer of such crustal contamination at Hawaiian shield volcanoes. Mauna Loa lavas display a factor of ∼5 more scatter towards higher 207Pb/204Pb at a given 206Pb/204Pb ratio than most Kīlauea lavas (excluding the samples from 1912 to 1954). This might be caused by more pervasive crustal contamination at Mauna Loa due to its lower magma supply rate over the last ∼4 kyr.
This database release contains all the information used to produce Geologic Investigations Series I-2614 (https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2614/). The main component of this digital release is a geodatabase prepared using ArcGIS, but Esri shapefiles are included as well.
Kīlauea is an active shield volcano in the southeastern part of the Island of Hawai‘i. The middle East Rift Zone (MERZ) map includes about 27 square kilometers of the MERZ and shows the distribution of the products of 34 separate eruptions during late Holocene time. Lava flows erupted during 1983–86 have reached the mapped area. The subaerial part of the MERZ is 3–4 km wide and about 18 km long. It is a constructional ridge, 50–150 m above the adjoining terrain, marked by low spatter ramparts and cones as high as 60 m. Lava typically flowed either northeast or southeast, depending on vent location relative to the topographic crest of the rift zone. The MERZ receives more than 100 inches of rainfall annually and is covered by tropical rain forest. Vegetation begins to grow on lava a few months after its eruption. Relative heights of trees can be a guide to relative ages of underlying lava flows, but proximity to faults, presence of easily weathered cinders, and human activity also affect the rate of growth. The rocks have been grouped into five basic age groups. The framework for the ages assigned is provided by eight radiocarbon ages from nearby mapping by the authors and a single date from within this investigation area. The numerical ages are supplemented by observations of stratigraphic relations, degree of weathering, soil development, and vegetative cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds1111","usgsCitation":"Zoeller, M.H., Trusdell, F.A., and Moore, R.B., 2019, Digital database of the geologic map of the middle east rift geothermal subzone, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai'i: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 1111, scale 1:24,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds1111.","productDescription":"Database; Metadata; Read Me","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-101940","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":362530,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/imap/2614/","text":"Geologic Investigations Series I-2614"},{"id":362524,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":362525,"rank":2,"type":{"id":20,"text":"Read Me"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/readme.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"Data Series 1111 Readme"},{"id":362528,"rank":3,"type":{"id":9,"text":"Database"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/Database.zip","text":"ZIP","size":"2 MB","description":"Data Series 1111 Database Zip","linkHelpText":" - Zip file containing all database files"},{"id":362529,"rank":4,"type":{"id":16,"text":"Metadata"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/1111/Metadata.zip","text":"ZIP","size":"583 KB","description":"Data Series 1111 Metadata Zip","linkHelpText":" - Zip file containing all metadata files"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea volcano middle East Rift Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -154.996477,\n 19.403433\n ],\n [\n -154.996477,\n 19.463472\n ],\n [\n -155.072903,\n 19.463472\n ],\n [\n -155.072903,\n 19.403433\n ],\n [\n -154.996477,\n 19.403433\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Contact HVO
Volcano Science Center, Hawaiian Volcano Observatory
U.S. Geological Survey
P.O. Box 51, 1 Crater Rim Road
Hawaiʻi Volcanoes National Park, HI 96718-0051
Two small scoria vents were discovered in the Koa‘e fault system, an extensional regime connecting the east and southwest rift zones of Kīlauea that was previously considered to be noneruptive. The chemical composition of the scoria suggests an early to middle nineteenth-century age. The vents prove that magma can intrude several kilometers into the central part of the Koa‘e fault system from the nearest rift zone, supporting previous seismic and geodetic inferences of intrusions into the Koa‘e fault system in the twentieth century.
Geodetic studies for the past 50 yr document widening of the Koa‘e fault system at a time-averaged rate of ~4.5 cm/yr, involving mostly coseismic strains, but also creep and displacement related to dike intrusions. These rates are consistent with a longer-term widening rate for the past ~700 yr calculated from crack widths in a lava flow of about that age. The Koa‘e fault system blends into, and is a structural continuation of, the east rift zone. We interpret the locus of intrusion in the east rift zone to have migrated ~6.5 km SE during the past 100,000–125,000 yr, as estimated from linear extrapolation of measured displacement rates across the Koa‘e fault system and east rift zone. The inception of migration is consistent with the onset of the tholeiitic stage at Kīlauea as interpreted by previous studies. As the rift zone moved away from the summit, a marked curvature in the transport pathway developed in order for the rift zone to maintain its connection to the summit magma reservoir. The migration resulted in development of the SE-trending east rift connector, a term we prefer instead of the upper east rift zone. The connector supplies magma to the ENE-trending rift zone from the summit storage complex but is not itself the site of significant magma storage or eruption.
The Koa‘e fault system merges into the southwest rift zone, which has been migrating southeastward for an uncertain period of time. Some magma that enters it passes from the summit reservoir complex through the southwest rift connector (seismic southwest rift zone), analogous to the east rift connector. Both connectors reflect the response of magma-transport pathways to asymmetric volcano spreading away from a relatively fixed summit magma reservoir.
The ENE structural grain of the Koa‘e fault system and east rift zone pervades Kīlauea’s entire edifice. Most eruptions take place along this trend. The major exception is the southwest rift zone, which may reflect the stresses of Mauna Loa spreading and the Ka‘ōiki fault system. The dominant ENE grain emphasizes the importance of SSE-directed volcano spreading in controlling most of Kīlauea’s tectonic and eruptive behavior.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(11)","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Fiske, R.S., Thornber, C., and Poland, M.P., 2019, Dikes in the Koaʻe fault system, and the Koaʻe-east rift zone structural grain at Kīlauea Volcano, Hawaii, chap. 11 of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson, v. 538, p. 247-274, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(11).","productDescription":"28 p.","startPage":"247","endPage":"274","ipdsId":"IP-087195","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":467925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(11)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.47508239746094,\n 19.19186565046399\n ],\n [\n -155.0507354736328,\n 19.19186565046399\n ],\n [\n -155.0507354736328,\n 19.517081099413964\n ],\n [\n -155.47508239746094,\n 19.517081099413964\n ],\n [\n -155.47508239746094,\n 19.19186565046399\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":229682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":793899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":229675,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":36606,"text":"Smithsonian Institution","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":793900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Thornber, Carl 0000-0002-6382-4408 cthornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6382-4408","contributorId":167396,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thornber","given":"Carl","email":"cthornber@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70211338,"text":"70211338 - 2019 - Communication strategy of the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the lava-flow crisis of 2014–2015, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-27T14:47:11.266516","indexId":"70211338","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-07T09:34:01","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"16","displayTitle":"Communication strategy of the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the lava-flow crisis of 2014–2015, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","title":"Communication strategy of the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the lava-flow crisis of 2014–2015, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"In 2014–2015, a slow-moving pāhoehoe lava flow from the remote Pu‘u ‘Ō‘ō vent on Kīlauea Volcano advanced 20 km into populated areas of the Puna District on the Island of Hawai‘i. The staff of the U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO) mobilized their resources to closely monitor the flow and provide up-to-date information to the Hawai‘i County Civil Defense (HCCD) agency, the public, and the news media. Scientists issued formal USGS notifications about the flow and Kīlauea’s two eruptions, prepared maps and annotated photographs, infrared images, and videos for dissemination online, and wrote weekly “Volcano Watch” articles for local newspapers. They also provided regular briefings for federal, state, and county agency representatives, answered questions during near-daily briefings with local and national media, and offered information through an established lecture series and participation in community emergency preparedness fairs. Noteworthy among the communication activities was a series of public meetings organized by the Hawai‘i County mayor’s office and led by the HCCD administrator. The meetings were a regular forum for many HVO scientists to talk directly and frequently with residents, business owners, elected officials, and other stakeholders about their concerns, the evolving status of the eruptions, and the uncertain prognosis of the flow’s advance and extent. The dialogue was essential for HVO staff to describe their observations and insights about the lava flow’s behavior and to gain credibility with the community during the crisis. This experience suggests that personal engagement with people at risk from future lava flows in Hawai‘i and elsewhere in the world will remain a crucial part of an eruption response, even with greater capability to disseminate warnings and information digitally via the Internet.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(16)","usgsCitation":"Brantley, S., Kauahikaua, J.P., Babb, J., Orr, T.R., Patrick, M.R., Poland, M.P., Trusdell, F., and Oliveira, D., 2019, Communication strategy of the U.S. Geological Survey Hawaiian Volcano Observatory during the lava-flow crisis of 2014–2015, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, chap. 16 of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson, v. 538, p. 351-373, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(16).","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"351","endPage":"373","ipdsId":"IP-086599","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460485,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(16)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376709,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.56022644042966,\n 19.2093737828249\n ],\n [\n -154.79461669921875,\n 19.2093737828249\n ],\n [\n -154.79461669921875,\n 19.577905706819973\n ],\n [\n -155.56022644042966,\n 19.577905706819973\n ],\n [\n -155.56022644042966,\n 19.2093737828249\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brantley, Steven 0000-0002-2204-9484 srbrant@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2204-9484","contributorId":215605,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brantley","given":"Steven","email":"srbrant@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793903,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kauahikaua, James P. 0000-0003-3777-503X jimk@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3777-503X","contributorId":2146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauahikaua","given":"James","email":"jimk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793904,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Babb, Janet 0000-0002-0208-2674 jbabb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0208-2674","contributorId":196972,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Babb","given":"Janet","email":"jbabb@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793905,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Trusdell, Frank A. 0000-0002-0681-0528 trusdell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0681-0528","contributorId":754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trusdell","given":"Frank A.","email":"trusdell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":793909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Oliveira, Darryl","contributorId":229681,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Oliveira","given":"Darryl","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":793910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}} ,{"id":70261214,"text":"70261214 - 2019 - Geochemical evolution of Keanakāko‘i Tephra, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T14:26:29.56245","indexId":"70261214","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-07T09:18:58","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Geochemical evolution of Keanakāko‘i Tephra, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"The Keanakāko‘i Tephra was deposited from 1500 to ca. 1820 CE, when Kīlauea’s magmatic output was ~2% of the average output during historical times (post–1823 CE). The tephra consists of deposits from numerous phreatomagmatic and phreatic eruptions, three episodes of high lava fountains, and one lava. Fresh glass is available from most tephra units. Major elements and trace elements were determined for glass from 49 tephra units and three pretephra lavas. Olivine crystals from 11 high-MgO tephra glasses were also analyzed. These results were compared to compositions from Kīlauea’s historical period to evaluate ~500 yr of Kīlauea geochemical evolution. Keanakāko‘i Tephra glass composition ranged widely (e.g., 3.4–11.2 wt% MgO). The observed large variations in FeO, CaO, TiO2, and K2O at a given MgO indicate numerous compositionally distinct parental magmas, with the two early nineteenth-century pumice eruptions showing the most diverse compositions. These two magmas were erupted on opposite sides of the caldera and probably tapped different magma bodies. The common occurrence of high-MgO olivine compositions (forsterite [Fo] 88%–89%) in MgO-rich tephra glasses indicates that primitive magma (Mg# 73–74) was routinely supplied to Kīlauea’s summit. Wide ranges and reverse zoning in olivine core compositions from some units show that magma mixing occurred before some eruptions. Modeling of compositional variations within Keanakāko‘i Tephra units using alphaMELTS showed that the most consistent trends for crystal fractionation involved shallow magma (1–2 km), with low water content (0.2 wt% in parental magma) and oxygen fugacity just below the quartz-fayalite-magnetite (QFM) buffer (–0.5 log units). Keanakāko‘i Tephra glasses have lower La/Yb and Nb/Y ratios than historical Kīlauea lavas. Low ratios have been observed during periods of high magma output for historical lava, which is inconsistent with the low magma output at Kīlauea’s summit during 1500–1820 CE. The most likely explanation for this inconsistency is endogenous growth within Kīlauea during this period, following formation of the modern summit caldera. No correlation was found between glass chemistry and eruption style for Keanakāko‘i Tephra deposits. Glass samples from many explosive units have lower Nb/Y and La/Yb ratios compared to glass from high lava-fountain units and historical effusive eruptions. The explosive character of Keanakāko‘i Tephra eruptions was probably caused by interaction of magma with shallow or surface water.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(09)","usgsCitation":"Garcia, M., Mucek, A.E., Lynn, K., Swanson, D., and Norman, M.D., 2019, Geochemical evolution of Keanakāko‘i Tephra, Kīlauea Volcano, Hawai‘i, chap. of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson, v. 538, p. 203-225, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(09).","productDescription":"24 p.","startPage":"203","endPage":"225","ipdsId":"IP-088795","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":464628,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.31531936949776,\n 19.45294073344536\n ],\n [\n -155.31531936949776,\n 19.351253042452157\n ],\n [\n -155.18215845732087,\n 19.351253042452157\n ],\n [\n -155.18215845732087,\n 19.45294073344536\n ],\n [\n -155.31531936949776,\n 19.45294073344536\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":919988,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garcia, Michael O","contributorId":215129,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"O","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919989,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Camp, Victor E.","contributorId":236848,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Camp","given":"Victor","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6608,"text":"San Diego State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919990,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Grunder, Anita L.","contributorId":194549,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grunder","given":"Anita","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":919991,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4}],"authors":[{"text":"Garcia, M.O.","contributorId":346802,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garcia","given":"M.O.","affiliations":[{"id":48709,"text":"University of Hawai`i","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919924,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mucek, Adonara E.","contributorId":346803,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Mucek","given":"Adonara","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":6680,"text":"Oregon State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919925,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lynn, Kendra J.","contributorId":346804,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Lynn","given":"Kendra J.","affiliations":[{"id":82969,"text":"iversity of Delaware","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919926,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":229682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":919927,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Norman, Marc D.","contributorId":344700,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Norman","given":"Marc","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":16807,"text":"Australian National University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":919928,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70211573,"text":"70211573 - 2019 - Lava lake thermal pattern classification using self organizing maps and relationships to eruption processes at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-31T14:33:31.441607","indexId":"70211573","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-07T08:31:59","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"seriesTitle":{"id":5614,"text":"Special Papers of the Geological Society of America","printIssn":"0072-1077","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":24}},"seriesNumber":"538","title":"Lava lake thermal pattern classification using self organizing maps and relationships to eruption processes at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kīlauea Volcano’s active summit lava lake poses hazards to downwind residents and over 1.6 million Hawai‘i Volcanoes National Park visitors each year. The lava lake surface is dynamic; crustal plates separated by incandescent cracks move across the lake as magma circulates below. We hypothesize that these dynamic thermal patterns are related to changes in other volcanic processes, such that sequences of thermal images may provide information about eruption parameters that are sometimes difficult to measure. The ability to learn about current gas emissions and seismic activity from a remote thermal time-lapse camera would be beneficial when conditions are too hazardous for field measurements. We apply a machine learning algorithm called self-organizing maps (SOM) to thermal infrared time-lapse images of the lava lake collected hourly over 23 April – 21 October 2013 (n=4354). The SOM algorithm can take thousands of seemingly different images, each representing the spatial distribution of relative temperature across the lava lake surface, and group them into clusters based on their similarities. We then relate the resulting clusters to sulfur dioxide emissions and seismic tremor to characterize ties between the SOM classification and different emplacement conditions. The SOM classification results are highly sensitive to the normalization method applied to the input images. The standard pixel-by-pixel normalization method yields a cluster of images defined by the highest observed SO2 emission levels, elevated surface temperatures, and a high proportion of cracks between crustal plates. When lava lake surface patterns are isolated by minimizing the effect of temperature variation between images, relationships with seismic tremor activity emerge, revealing an “intense spatter” cluster, characterized by unstable, broken-up crustal plate patterns on the lava lake surface. This proof of concept study provides a basis for extending the SOM classification method to hazard forecasting and real-time volcanic monitoring applications, as well as comparative studies at other lava lakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2018.2538(14)","usgsCitation":"Burzynski, A.M., Anderson, S.W., Morrison, K., Patrick, M.R., Orr, T.R., and Thelen, W., 2019, Lava lake thermal pattern classification using self organizing maps and relationships to eruption processes at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, chap. of Field volcanology: A tribute to the distinguished career of Don Swanson: Special Papers of the Geological Society of America, p. 307-324, https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(14).","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"307","endPage":"324","ipdsId":"IP-088743","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":460489,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1130/2018.2538(14)","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":376943,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Hawaii Volcanoes National Park, Kīlauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -155.3,\n 19.39\n ],\n [\n -155.23,\n 19.39\n ],\n [\n -155.23,\n 19.44\n ],\n [\n -155.3,\n 19.44\n ],\n [\n -155.3,\n 19.39\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burzynski, Amy M","contributorId":236907,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Burzynski","given":"Amy","email":"","middleInitial":"M","affiliations":[{"id":33623,"text":"University of Northern Colorado","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794662,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, Steve W.","contributorId":192765,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Anderson","given":"Steve","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":794663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morrison, Kerryn","contributorId":209954,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Morrison","given":"Kerryn","affiliations":[{"id":38034,"text":"Endangered Wildlife Trust (South Africa)","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":794664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Patrick, Matthew R. 0000-0002-8042-6639 mpatrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8042-6639","contributorId":2070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patrick","given":"Matthew","email":"mpatrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Thelen, Weston 0000-0003-2534-5577","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2534-5577","contributorId":215530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thelen","given":"Weston","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":794667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70261222,"text":"70261222 - 2019 - A new perspective on the 19th century golden pumice deposit of Kilauea volcano","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-12-03T14:25:10.606098","indexId":"70261222","displayToPublicDate":"2019-02-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"A new perspective on the 19th century golden pumice deposit of Kilauea volcano","docAbstract":"The golden pumice deposit (unit K1) represents one of the latest episodes of Hawaiian fountaining in the Keanakāko‘i Tephra and is the product of the first high fountaining eruption at Kīlauea summit in ~300 yr, since the caldera formed in ca. 1500 CE. We present a new physical characterization of the deposit based on over 200 field sites, all affected by severe erosion, alteration, and silicic encrusting. We detail the deposit geometry, stratigraphic and structural relationships, and componentry to constrain its volume and reconstruct the eruptive sequence. The deposit is then discussed and set against other young episodes of high fountaining at Kīlauea.
We interpret the golden pumice as the product of a days-long eruptive sequence with a source located inside a caldera much deeper than that of today. The eruption probably started along a NE-SW–oriented fissure and migrated toward a single vent in the southwestern part of the caldera, where at least two high Hawaiian-style fountains produced a tephra deposit of ~6 × 106 m3. Stratigraphic contacts reveal that erosion occurred not only between, but also during the fountaining episodes, suggesting heavy rainfall during deposition. Field observations during this study also led to the discovery of the first stratigraphic evidence that the eastern pumice postdates the golden pumice, which contributes to the new definition of the stratigraphy of the Keanakāko‘i Tephra presented in this volume.
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After collapse of the Pu'u 'Ō'ō vent on 30 April, magma propagated downrift. Eruptive fissures opened in the LERZ on 3 May, eventually extending ~6.8 km. A 4 May earthquake (M6.9) produced ~5 m of fault slip. Lava erupted at rates exceeding 100 m3/s, eventually covering 35.5 km2. The summit magma system partially drained, producing minor explosions and near-daily collapses releasing energy equivalent to M4.7-M5.4 earthquakes. Activity declined rapidly on 4 August. Summit collapse and lava flow volume estimates are roughly equivalent--about 0.8 km3. Careful historical observation and monitoring of Kīlauea enabled successful forecasting of hazardous events.","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.aav7046","usgsCitation":"Neal, C.A., Brantley, S., Antolik, L., Babb, J., Burgess, M.K., Cappos, M., Chang, J., Conway, S., Desmither, L.G., Dotray, P., Elias, T., Fukunaga, P., Fuke, S., Johanson, I.A., Kamibayashi, K., Kauahikaua, J.P., Lee, R., Pekalib, S., Miklius, A., Shiro, B., Swanson, D., Nadeau, P.A., Zoeller, M.H., Okubo, P., Parcheta, C., Patrick, M.R., Tollett, W., Trusdell, F., Younger, E.F., Montgomery-Brown, E.K., Anderson, K.R., Poland, M.P., Ball, J.L., Bard, J., Coombs, M.L., Dietterich, H., Kern, C., Thelen, W., Cervelli, P., Orr, T.R., Houghton, B.F., Gansecki, C., Hazlett, R., Lundgren, P., Diefenbach, A., Lerner, A., Waite, G., Kelly, P.J., Clor, L., Werner, C., Mulliken, K., Fisher, G.B., and Damby, D., 2019, The 2018 rift eruption and summit 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Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, from quantitative vesicle microtexture analysis","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-01-29T14:07:40","indexId":"70201750","displayToPublicDate":"2019-01-01T14:07:35","publicationYear":"2019","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Eruption and fountaining dynamics of selected 1985–1986 high fountaining episodes at Kīlauea volcano, Hawai'i, from quantitative vesicle microtexture analysis","docAbstract":"Tephra from the early Hawaiian fountaining episodes of the ongoing eruption of Pu'u 'Ō'ō in the East Rift Zone (ERZ) of Kīlauea provides an opportunity to study the vesicle microtextures of pyroclasts erupted from a single vent over a prolonged period of time. We report the results of microtextural analysis of pyroclasts from five of Pu'u 'Ō'ō's high (>200 m) Hawaiian fountaining episodes (episodes 32, 37, 40, 44 and 45) erupted during 1985–1986. This analysis was carried out to constrain the parameters that led to large variations in fountain height at Pu'u 'Ō'o, and the extent to which pyroclast residence times in the fountain modified microtextures. Our results confirm the finding of Stovall et al., 2011, Stovall et al., 2012 that pyroclasts from a single Hawaiian fountain can vary greatly in texture (from bubbly to foamy), and have vesicle volume densities (Nmv) and vesicle to melt ratios (VG/VL) that vary by an order of magnitude. This range in vesicle texture and population is due to extensive growth and coalescence of vesicles within the fountain after fragmentation. Only one pyroclast from four of five episodes was found to have textures interpreted as indicative of the vesicle population near the moment of fragmentation: bubbly texture, high density (typically >500 kg m−3), high Nmv (2.2 × 106 to 4.4 × 106), and low VG/VL of 2.06 to 4.65. We demonstrate a linear correlation between Δ(VG/VL) and peak fountain height across a range of Hawaiian fountains from Kilauea. This correlation could be used to infer peak heights of unobserved Hawaiian fountaining eruptions after further testing using well-recorded events.
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F.","contributorId":211904,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Houghton","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":38350,"text":"University of Hawaii at Manoa, USA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755185,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Orr, Tim R. 0000-0003-1157-7588 torr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1157-7588","contributorId":149803,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orr","given":"Tim","email":"torr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":755182,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"McPhie, J.","contributorId":211905,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McPhie","given":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":38349,"text":"University of Tasmania, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Feig, S.","contributorId":211906,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Feig","given":"S.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":38349,"text":"University of Tasmania, Australia","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":755187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70200703,"text":"70200703 - 2018 - Gravity signature of basaltic fill in Kīlauea caldera, Island of Hawai‘i","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-28T09:35:22","indexId":"70200703","displayToPublicDate":"2018-11-01T13:06:15","publicationYear":"2018","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"chapter":"13","title":"Gravity signature of basaltic fill in Kīlauea caldera, Island of Hawai‘i","docAbstract":"Characterization of the subsurface structure of a volcanic edifice is essential to understanding volcanic behavior. One of the best-studied volcanoes is Kīlauea (Island of Hawai‘i). Geological evidence suggests that the formation of the summit caldera of Kīlauea is cyclic, with repeated collapse followed by filling with lava. The most recent collapse occurred ca. 1500 CE, producing a basin that is several hundred meters deeper than the current caldera. In this study, we used two- and three-dimensional gravity modeling of spatially dense gravity data covering the summit area to suggest that, since its formation in 1500 CE, the caldera has been progressively filled by lava flows that are slightly denser than those found in the rim and outboard of the caldera. The geometry of this fill, inferred from gravity data, enables us to reconstruct the morphology of the 1500 CE caldera before its subsequent filling. The coincidence of fumarolic zones and thermal anomalies observed at the surface with the interpreted 1500 CE caldera rim suggests that hydrothermal fluid circulation is guided by the more permeable inner faults bounding the main caldera.
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