This report describes the results of a comprehensive geochemical evaluation of the groundwater flow system in the Yucca Flat/Climax Mine Corrective Action Unit (CAU). The main objectives of this study are to identify probable pathways for groundwater flow within the study area and to develop constraints on groundwater transit times between selected data collection sites. This work provides an independent means of testing and verifying predictive flow models being developed for this CAU using finite element methods. The Yucca Flat/Climax Mine CAU constitutes the largest of six underground test areas on the Nevada Test Site (NTS) specified for remedial action in the ''Federal Facility Agreement and Consent Order''. A total of 747 underground nuclear detonations were conducted in this CAU. Approximately 23 percent of these detonations were conducted below or near the water table, resulting in groundwater contamination in the vicinity and possibly downgradient of these underground test locations. Therefore, a rigorous evaluation of the groundwater flow system in this CAU is necessary to assess potential long-term risks to the public water supply at downgradient locations.
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Water levels within these bedded tuffs have been elevated hundreds of meters in areas where underground nuclear tests were detonated below the water table. Changes in the ground-water levels within these tuffs and changes in the rate and distribution of land-surface subsidence above these tuffs indicate that pore-fluid pressures have been slowly depressurizing since the cessation of nuclear testing in 1992. Declines in ground-water levels concurrent with regional land subsidence are explained by poroelastic deformation accompanying ground-water flow as fluids pressurized by underground nuclear detonations drain from the host tuffs into the overlying water table and underlying regional carbonate aquifer. A hydraulic conductivity of about 3 x 10-6 m/d and a specific storage of 9 x 10-6 m-1 are estimated using ground-water flow models. Cross-sectional and three-dimensional ground-water flow models were calibrated to measured water levels and to land-subsidence rates measured using Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar. Model results are consistent and indicate that about 2 million m3 of ground water flowed from the tuffs to the carbonate rock as a result of pressurization caused by underground nuclear testing. The annual rate of inflow into the carbonate rock averaged about 0.008 m/yr between 1962 and 2005, and declined from 0.005 m/yr in 2005 to 0.0005 m/yr by 2300.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20055211","usgsCitation":"Halford, K.J., Laczniak, R.J., and Galloway, D.L., 2005, Hydraulic characterization of overpressured tuffs in central Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5211, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055211.","productDescription":"55 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":191204,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":7535,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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Flat","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-115.9082,39.1615],[-115.5191,38.9578],[-115.4725,38.9325],[-115.4433,38.9162],[-115.3694,38.8769],[-115.363,38.874],[-115.242,38.8093],[-115.0969,38.7309],[-115.0777,38.721],[-115.0604,38.7107],[-115.0291,38.6937],[-114.999,38.6777],[-114.9996,38.592],[-114.9997,38.4315],[-114.9994,38.3894],[-115.0004,38.0507],[-115.1185,38.0508],[-115.1436,38.0508],[-115.326,38.0515],[-115.3453,38.0514],[-115.4003,38.051],[-115.4587,38.0506],[-115.6394,38.0512],[-115.6581,38.051],[-115.8404,38.0504],[-115.8931,38.0507],[-115.8938,37.723],[-115.8969,37.5498],[-115.8975,37.2796],[-115.8982,37.1926],[-115.8942,36.8425],[-115.8941,36.686],[-115.8945,36.6702],[-115.8949,36.598],[-115.8949,36.5962],[-115.8946,36.5858],[-115.8947,36.5005],[-115.8945,36.4806],[-115.8949,36.462],[-115.8944,36.457],[-115.8948,36.3087],[-115.8945,36.2923],[-115.8943,36.1957],[-115.8945,36.1608],[-115.8948,36.1163],[-115.8948,36.0927],[-115.895,36.0015],[-115.9178,36.0192],[-115.9518,36.0457],[-115.9925,36.0773],[-116.049,36.1211],[-116.0624,36.1314],[-116.1039,36.1636],[-116.1287,36.1829],[-116.1702,36.2152],[-116.173,36.2174],[-116.2311,36.2626],[-116.2834,36.3028],[-116.2954,36.3122],[-116.3752,36.373],[-116.5107,36.4764],[-116.5247,36.4871],[-116.5589,36.5131],[-116.574,36.5245],[-116.5946,36.54],[-116.6556,36.5867],[-116.6583,36.5888],[-116.6764,36.6024],[-116.706,36.6248],[-116.7895,36.6877],[-116.8424,36.7276],[-116.8453,36.7298],[-116.8806,36.7568],[-116.8912,36.7648],[-116.9237,36.7891],[-116.9641,36.8193],[-116.9783,36.8299],[-116.981,36.8319],[-117.0046,36.8495],[-117.164,36.9688],[-117.1639,36.9698],[-117.1637,37.0182],[-117.164,37.0894],[-117.1642,37.171],[-117.1641,37.1909],[-117.1641,37.1936],[-117.1665,37.6995],[-117.1664,37.714],[-117.1663,37.7285],[-117.1663,37.7435],[-117.1662,37.7585],[-117.1657,38.0019],[-117.2198,38.0482],[-117.2397,38.0483],[-117.239,38.0641],[-117.2408,38.0705],[-117.2653,38.0932],[-117.6896,38.4731],[-118.0197,38.7599],[-118.197,38.9154],[-118.1972,38.9993],[-117.8559,39.0746],[-117.7748,39.092],[-117.7008,39.1058],[-117.6409,39.1149],[-117.5946,39.1231],[-117.4742,39.1431],[-117.3823,39.1562],[-117.3609,39.1585],[-117.3318,39.1629],[-117.3063,39.1634],[-117.2849,39.1633],[-117.1995,39.1632],[-117.0856,39.1628],[-117.0322,39.1626],[-117.0144,39.1626],[-116.9871,39.1625],[-116.9158,39.1631],[-116.7562,39.1622],[-116.7301,39.1625],[-116.5996,39.1616],[-116.5859,39.162],[-116.4815,39.1616],[-116.3497,39.1618],[-116.2358,39.1616],[-116.0548,39.1624],[-115.9082,39.1615]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Nye\",\"state\":\"NV\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db6297be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Halford, Keith J. 0000-0002-7322-1846 khalford@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7322-1846","contributorId":1374,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Halford","given":"Keith","email":"khalford@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Laczniak, Randell J.","contributorId":90687,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laczniak","given":"Randell","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":285718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Galloway, Devin L. 0000-0003-0904-5355 dlgallow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0904-5355","contributorId":679,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Galloway","given":"Devin","email":"dlgallow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5058,"text":"Office of the Chief Scientist for Water","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5078,"text":"Southwest Regional Director's Office","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":509,"text":"Office of the Associate Director for Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":72423,"text":"sir20055175 - 2005 - Analysis of ground-water levels and associated trends in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:13:55","indexId":"sir20055175","displayToPublicDate":"2005-10-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2005","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2005-5175","title":"Analysis of ground-water levels and associated trends in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2003","docAbstract":"Almost 4,000 water-level measurements in 216 wells in the Yucca Flat area from 1951 to 2003 were quality assured and analyzed. An interpretative database was developed that describes water-level conditions for each water level measured in Yucca Flat. Multiple attributes were assigned to each water-level measurement in the database to describe the hydrologic conditions at the time of measurement. General quality, temporal variability, regional significance, and hydrologic conditions are attributed for each water-level measurement. The database also includes narratives that discuss the water-level history of each well.\r\n\r\nWater levels in 34 wells were analyzed for variability and for statistically significant trends. An attempt was made to identify the cause of many of the water-level fluctuations or trends. Potential causes include equilibration following well construction or development, pumping in the monitoring well, withdrawals from a nearby supply well, recharge from precipitation, earthquakes, underground nuclear tests, land subsidence, barometric pressure, and Earth tides. \r\n\r\nSome of the naturally occurring fluctuations in water levels may result from variations in recharge. The magnitude of the overall water-level change for these fluctuations generally is less than 2 feet. Long-term steady-state hydrographs for most of the wells open to carbonate rock have a very similar pattern. Carbonate-rock wells without the characteristic pattern are directly west of the Yucca and Topgallant faults in the southwestern part of Yucca Flat. Long-term steady-state hydrographs from wells open to volcanic tuffs or the Eleana confining unit have a distinctly different pattern from the general water-level pattern of the carbonate-rock aquifers.\r\n\r\nAnthropogenic water-level fluctuations were caused primarily by water withdrawals and nuclear testing. Nuclear tests affected water levels in many wells. Trends in these wells are attributed to test-cavity infilling or the effects of depressurization following nuclear testing. The magnitude of the overall water-level change for wells with anthropogenic trends can be large, ranging from several feet to hundreds of feet.\r\n\r\nVertical water-level differences at 27 sites in Yucca Flat with multiple open intervals were compared. Large vertical differences were noted in volcanic rocks and in boreholes where water levels were affected by nuclear tests. Small vertical differences were noted within the carbonate-rock and valley-fill aquifers. Vertical hydraulic gradients generally are downward in volcanic rocks and from pre-Tertiary clastic rocks toward volcanic- or carbonate-rock units.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/sir20055175","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., 2005, Analysis of ground-water levels and associated trends in Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, 1951-2003 (Online only): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5175, 97 p. [some 11 x 17 in.] : ill.; online databases; maps, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20055175.","productDescription":"97 p. [some 11 x 17 in.] : ill.; online databases; maps","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":7446,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2005/5175/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":191242,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Online only","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db6803f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":285628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53198,"text":"ofr03151 - 2003 - GIS surface effects map archive, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:11:39","indexId":"ofr03151","displayToPublicDate":"2003-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-151","title":"GIS surface effects map archive, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr03151","isbn":"0607926260","usgsCitation":"Grasso, D.N., 2003, GIS surface effects map archive, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-151, 1 CD-ROM : col. ; 4 3/4 in., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03151.","productDescription":"1 CD-ROM : col. ; 4 3/4 in.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":177920,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4793,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4697","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasso, Dennis N.","contributorId":39402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":246888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":51957,"text":"ofr03125 - 2003 - Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing: Buckboard Mesa, Climax Stock, Dome Mountain, Frenchman Flat, Rainier/Aqueduct Mesa, and Shoshone Mountain: Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-06T21:29:12.159742","indexId":"ofr03125","displayToPublicDate":"2003-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-125","title":"Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing: Buckboard Mesa, Climax Stock, Dome Mountain, Frenchman Flat, Rainier/Aqueduct Mesa, and Shoshone Mountain: Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"Surface effects maps were produced for 72 of 89 underground detonations conducted at the Frenchman Flat, Rainier Mesa and Aqueduct Mesa, Climax Stock, Shoshone Mountain, Buckboard Mesa, and Dome Mountain testing areas of the Nevada Test Site between August 10, 1957 (Saturn detonation, Area 12) and September 18, 1992 (Hunters Trophy detonation, Area 12). The ?Other Areas? Surface Effects Map Database, which was used to construct the maps shown in this report, contains digital reproductions of these original maps. The database is provided in both ArcGIS (v. 8.2) geodatabase format and ArcView (v. 3.2) shapefile format. This database contains sinks, cracks, faults, and other surface effects having a combined (cumulative) length of 136.38 km (84.74 mi). In GIS digital format, the user can view all surface effects maps simultaneously, select and view the surface effects of one or more sites of interest, or view specific surface effects by area or site. Three map layers comprise the database. They are: (1) the surface effects maps layer (oase_n27f), (2) the bar symbols layer (oase_bar_n27f), and (3) the ball symbols layer (oase_ball_n27f). Additionally, an annotation layer, named 'Ball_and_Bar_Labels,' and a polygon features layer, named 'Area12_features_poly_n27f,' are contained in the geodatabase version of the database. The annotation layer automatically labels all 295 ball-and-bar symbols shown on these maps. The polygon features layer displays areas of ground disturbances, such as rock spall and disturbed ground caused by the detonations. Shapefile versions of the polygon features layer in Nevada State Plane and Universal Transverse Mercator projections, named 'area12_features_poly_n27f.shp' and 'area12_features_poly_u83m.shp,' are also provided in the archive.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr03125","usgsCitation":"Grasso, D.N., 2003, Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing: Buckboard Mesa, Climax Stock, Dome Mountain, Frenchman Flat, Rainier/Aqueduct Mesa, and Shoshone Mountain: Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-125, HTML Document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03125.","productDescription":"HTML Document","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":179165,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":4505,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/ofr-03-125/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":403106,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_55219.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Buckboard Mesa, Climax stock, Dome Mountain, Frenchman Flat, Rainier/Aqueduct Mesa, and Shoshone Mountain","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.3764,\n 36.7917\n ],\n [\n -115.9333,\n 36.7917\n ],\n [\n -115.9333,\n 37.2508\n ],\n [\n -116.3764,\n 37.2508\n ],\n [\n -116.3764,\n 36.7917\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8382","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasso, Dennis N.","contributorId":39402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":244540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":53266,"text":"ofr03336 - 2003 - Perennial vegetation data from permanent plots on the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-26T10:39:40","indexId":"ofr03336","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2003","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2003-336","title":"Perennial vegetation data from permanent plots on the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Perennial vegetation data from 68 permanent plots on the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada, are given for the period of 1963 through 2002. Dr. Janice C. Beatley established the plots in 1962 and then remeasured them periodically from 1963 through 1975. We remeasured 67 of these plots between 2000 and 2003; the remaining plot was destroyed at some time between 1975 and 1993. The plots ranged from 935 to 2,274 m in elevation and are representative of common plant associations of the Mojave Desert, the transition to Great Basin Desert, and pinyon-juniper woodlands. The purpose of this report is to describe the complete set of ecological data that Beatley collected from the Nevada Test Site from 1963 through 1975 and to present the data for perennial vegetation collected from 2000 through 2003.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr03336","usgsCitation":"Webb, R., Murov, M.B., Esque, T., Boyer, D.E., DeFalco, L., Haines, D.F., Oldershaw, D., Scoles, S.J., Thomas, K.A., Blainey, J.B., and Medica, P.A., 2003, Perennial vegetation data from permanent plots on the Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2003-336, ii, 251 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr03336.","productDescription":"ii, 251 p.","numberOfPages":"257","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":177925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0336/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":4974,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2003/0336/ofr03336.pdf","text":"Report","size":"50.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2003-336"}],"contact":"Director, Western Ecological Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
3020 State University Drive East
Sacramento, California 95819
No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs03601","usgsCitation":"Tanko, D.J., and Glancy, P.A., 2001, Flooding in the Amargosa River Drainage Basin, February 23-24, 1998, Southern Nevada and Eastern California, including the Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 036-01, NA, https://doi.org/10.3133/fs03601.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121591,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_036_01.bmp"},{"id":2577,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/fs-036-01/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Amargosa River drainage basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.7277716,\n 37.1787591\n ],\n [\n -116.0358889,\n 37.1720482\n ],\n [\n -116.0192356,\n 36.655845\n ],\n [\n -116.7120793,\n 36.6490028\n ],\n [\n -116.7277716,\n 37.1787591\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a05e4b07f02db5f872f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tanko, Daron J.","contributorId":88343,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanko","given":"Daron","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glancy, Patrick A.","contributorId":87113,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Glancy","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":31319,"text":"ofr01272 - 2001 - GIS Surface effects archive of underground nuclear detonations conducted at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:00","indexId":"ofr01272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2001-272","title":"GIS Surface effects archive of underground nuclear detonations conducted at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/ofr01272","usgsCitation":"Grasso, D.N., 2001, GIS Surface effects archive of underground nuclear detonations conducted at Yucca Flat and Pahute Mesa, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2001-272, map + pamphlet (34 p.), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr01272.","productDescription":"map + pamphlet (34 p.)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159862,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2963,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2001/ofr-01-0272/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1689","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasso, Dennis N.","contributorId":39402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30888,"text":"wri004272 - 2001 - Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri004272","displayToPublicDate":"2001-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4272","title":"Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"Analysis of water levels in 21 wells in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site, provides information on the accuracy of hydraulic-head calculations, temporal water-level trends, and potential causes of water-level fluctuations. Accurate hydraulic heads are particularly important in Frenchman Flat where the hydraulic gradients are relatively flat (less than 1 foot per mile) in the alluvial aquifer. Temporal water-level trends with magnitudes near or exceeding the regional hydraulic gradient may have a substantial effect on ground-water flow directions.\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements can be adjusted for the effects of barometric pressure, formation water density (from water-temperature measurements), borehole deviation, and land-surface altitude in selected wells in the Frenchman Flat area. Water levels in one well were adjusted for the effect of density; this adjustment was significantly greater (about 17 feet) than the adjustment of water levels for barometric pressure, borehole deviation, or land-surface altitude (less than about 4 feet).\r\n\r\nWater-level measurements from five wells exhibited trends that were statistically and hydrologically significant. Statistically significant water-level trends were observed for three wells completed in the alluvial aquifer (WW-5a, UE-5n, and PW-3), for one well completed in the carbonate aquifer (SM-23), and for one well completed in the quartzite confining unit (Army-6a).\r\n\r\nPotential causes of water-level fluctuations in wells in the Frenchman Flat area include changes in atmospheric conditions (precipitation and barometric pressure), Earth tides, seismic activity, past underground nuclear testing, and nearby pumping. Periodic water-level measurements in some wells completed in the carbonate aquifer indicate cyclic-type water-level fluctuations that generally correlate with longer term changes (more than 5 years) in precipitation. Ground-water pumping fromthe alluvial aquifer at well WW-5c and pumping and discharge from well RNM-2s appear to cause water-level fluctuations in nearby observation wells. The remaining known sources of water-level fluctuations do not appear to substantially affect water-level changes (seismic activity and underground nuclear testing) or do not affect changes over a period of more than 1 year (barometric pressure and Earth tides) in wells in the Frenchman Flat area.","language":"ENGLISH","doi":"10.3133/wri004272","usgsCitation":"Bright, D., Watkins, S., and Lisle, B., 2001, Analysis of water levels in the Frenchman Flat area, Nevada Test Site: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4272, 43 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004272.","productDescription":"43 p. ","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2828,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004272","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160100,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e5a5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bright, D.J.","contributorId":106159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bright","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watkins, S.A.","contributorId":83962,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watkins","given":"S.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lisle, B.A.","contributorId":102529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lisle","given":"B.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":1008207,"text":"1008207 - 2001 - Integration of genotoxicity and population genetic analyses in kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) exposed to radionuclide contamination at the Nevada Test Site, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-09-26T10:13:33","indexId":"1008207","displayToPublicDate":"2001-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2001","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Integration of genotoxicity and population genetic analyses in kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) exposed to radionuclide contamination at the Nevada Test Site, USA","docAbstract":"We examined effects of radionuclide exposure at two atomic blast sites on kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) at the Nevada Test Site, Nevada, USA, using genotoxicity and population genetic analyses. We assessed chromosome damage by micronucleus and flow cytometric assays and genetic variation by randomly amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analyses. The RAPD analysis showed no population structure, but mtDNA exhibited differentiation among and within populations. Genotoxicity effects were not observed when all individuals were analyzed. However, individuals with mtDNA haplotypes unique to the contaminated sites had greater chromosomal damage than contaminated-site individuals with haplotypes shared with reference sites. When interpopulation comparisons used individuals with unique haplotypes, one contaminated site had greater levels of chromosome damage than one or both of the reference sites. We hypothesize that shared-haplotype individuals are potential migrants and that unique-haplotype individuals are potential long-term residents. A parsimony approach was used to estimate the minimum number of migration events necessary to explain the haplotype distributions on a phylogenetic tree. The observed predominance of migration events into the contaminated sites supported our migration hypothesis. We conclude the atomic blast sites are ecological sinks and that immigration masks the genotoxic effects of radiation on the resident populations.","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","publisherLocation":"Pensacola, FL","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620200212","usgsCitation":"Theodorakis, C.W., Bickham, J.W., Lamb, T., Medica, P.A., and Lyne, T.B., 2001, Integration of genotoxicity and population genetic analyses in kangaroo rats (Dipodomys merriami) exposed to radionuclide contamination at the Nevada Test Site, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 20, no. 2, p. 317-326, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620200212.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"317","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"10","temporalStart":"1991-04-01","temporalEnd":"1991-05-26","costCenters":[{"id":135,"text":"Biological Resources Division","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130996,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Department Of Energy Nevada Test Site","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,35 ], [ -120,42 ], [ -114,42 ], [ -114,35 ], [ -120,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"20","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2001-02-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49b4e4b07f02db5cac8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Theodorakis, Christopher W.","contributorId":87495,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Theodorakis","given":"Christopher","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317026,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bickham, John W.","contributorId":56184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bickham","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317024,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lamb, Trip","contributorId":15146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lamb","given":"Trip","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Medica, Philip A.","contributorId":55780,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Medica","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317023,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lyne, T. Barrett","contributorId":83875,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lyne","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"Barrett","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":317025,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":40698,"text":"ofr99554C - 2000 - Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-18T18:57:08.360077","indexId":"ofr99554C","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-554","chapter":"C","title":"Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"An isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site area was prepared from publicly\r\navailable gravity data (Ponce, 1997) and from gravity data recently collected by the U.S. Geological Survey (Mankinen and others, 1999; Morin and Blakely, 1999). Gravity data were processed using standard gravity data reduction techniques. Southwest Nevada is characterized by gravity anomalies that reflect the distribution of pre-Cenozoic carbonate rocks, thick sequences of volcanic rocks, and thick alluvial basins. In addition, regional gravity data reveal the presence of linear features that reflect large-scale faults whereas detailed gravity data can indicate the presence of smaller-scale faults.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99554C","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Mankinen, E., Davidson, J.G., Morin, R.L., and Blakely, R., 2000, Digital isostatic gravity map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada, and Inyo County, California (Online Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-554, Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 45.30 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99554C.","productDescription":"Report: 3 p.; 1 Plate: 36.00 x 45.30 inches","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":171338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3676,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0554/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110074,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25973.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25973"}],"scale":"20000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Clark County, Inyo County, Lincoln County, Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mankinen, E. A. 0000-0001-7496-2681","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7496-2681","contributorId":31786,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mankinen","given":"E. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Davidson, J. G.","contributorId":11243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davidson","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Morin, R. L.","contributorId":95484,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Blakely, R.J. 0000-0003-1701-5236","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1701-5236","contributorId":70755,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blakely","given":"R.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":223805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":40742,"text":"ofr99554B - 2000 - Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada and Inyo County, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-22T21:02:11.229336","indexId":"ofr99554B","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"99-554","chapter":"B","title":"Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada and Inyo County, California","docAbstract":"An aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site area was prepared from publicly available aeromagnetic data described by McCafferty and Grauch (1997). Magnetic surveys were processed using standard techniques. Southwest Nevada is characterized by magnetic anomalies that reflect the distribution of thick sequences of volcanic rocks, magnetic sedimentary rocks, and the occurrence of granitic rocks. In addition, aeromagnetic data reveal the presence of linear features that reflect faulting at both regional and local scales.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr99554B","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., 2000, Digital aeromagnetic map of the Nevada Test Site and vicinity, Nye, Lincoln, and Clark Counties, Nevada and Inyo County, California (Online Version 1.1): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 99-554, Report: 56 p.; Metadata; GIS Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr99554B.","productDescription":"Report: 56 p.; Metadata; GIS Files","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":175898,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":3681,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1999/ofr-99-0554/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":110073,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25972.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25972"}],"scale":"20000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"California, Nevada","county":"Clark County, Inyo County, Lincoln County, Nye County","otherGeospatial":"Nevada Test Site and vicinity","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 36.5\n ],\n [\n -115.875,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 37.5\n ],\n [\n -117,\n 36.5\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Online Version 1.1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d67a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":223885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":27051,"text":"wri004014 - 2000 - Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:39","indexId":"wri004014","displayToPublicDate":"2001-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4014","title":"Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada","docAbstract":"Periodic and continual water-level data from 1963 to 1998 were compiled and quality assured for 65 observation wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nye County, Nevada. As part of the quality assurance of all water levels, ancillary data pertinent to computing hydraulic heads in wells were compiled and analyzed. Quality-assured water levels that were not necessarily in error but which did not represent static heads in the regional aquifer system, or required some other qualification, were flagged. Water levels flagged include those recovering from recent pumping or well construction, water levels affected by nuclear tests, and measurements affected by borehole deviations.\r\n\r\nA cursory examination of about 30 wells with available water-level and down-hole temperature data indicate that water levels in most wells on Pahute Mesa would not be significantly affected by temperature if corrected to 95 degrees Fahrenheit. Wells with large corrections (greater than 10 feet) are those with long water columns (greater than 1,500 feet of water above the assumed point of inflow) in combination with mean water-column temperatures exceeding 105 degrees Fahrenheit.\r\n\r\nWater-level fluctuations in wells on Pahute Mesa are caused by several factors including infiltration of precipitation, barometric pressure, Earth tides, ground-water pumpage, and seismic events caused by tectonic activity and underground nuclear testing. No observed water-level fluctuations were attributed to a naturally occurring earthquake. The magnitude and duration of changes in water levels caused by nuclear tests are affected by the test size and the distance from a well to the test. Identifying water levels that might be affected by past nuclear tests is difficult because pre-testing water-level data are sparse.\r\n\r\nHydrologically significant trends were found in 13 of 25 wells with multiple years of water-level record. The largest change in water levels (1,029 feet in 25 years) occurred in well U-19v PS 1D as a result of the Almendro nuclear test. Likely explanations for trends in most of the wells are either changes in precipitation patterns that affect recharge rates to the ground-water system, pumping effects from water-supply well U-20 WW, or a combination of these two factors.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004014","usgsCitation":"Fenelon, J.M., 2000, Quality assurance and analysis of water levels in wells on Pahute Mesa and vicinity, Nevada Test Site, Nye County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4014, iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004014.","productDescription":"iv, 68 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":2196,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri00-4014","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":158850,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65526e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fenelon, Joseph M. 0000-0003-4449-245X jfenelon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4449-245X","contributorId":2355,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fenelon","given":"Joseph","email":"jfenelon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":197473,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":22046,"text":"ofr00134 - 2000 - Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-22T13:19:06.752778","indexId":"ofr00134","displayToPublicDate":"2000-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-134","title":"Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data","docAbstract":"The Environmental Restoration Program of the U.S. Department of Energy, Nevada Operations Office, was developed to investigate the possible consequences to the environment of 40 years of nuclear testing on the Nevada Test Site. The majority of the tests were detonated underground, introducing contaminants into the ground-water system (Laczniak and others, 1996). An understanding of the ground-water flow paths is necessary to evaluate the extent of ground-water contamination. This report provides information specific to Yucca Flat on the Nevada Test Site.
\nCritical to understanding the ground-water flow beneath Yucca Flat is an understanding of the subsurface geology, particularly the structure and distribution of the pre-Tertiary rocks, which comprise both the major regional aquifer and aquitard sequences (Winograd and Thordarson, 1975; Laczniak and others, 1996). Because the pre-Tertiary rocks are not exposed at the surface of Yucca Flat their distribution must be determined through well logs and less direct geophysical methods such as potential field studies.
\nIn previous studies (Phelps and others, 1999; Phelps and Mckee, 1999) developed a model of the basement surface of the Paleozoic rocks beneath Yucca Flat and a series of normal faults that create topographic relief on the basement surface.
\nIn this study the basement rocks and structure of Yucca Flat are examined in more detail using the basement gravity anomaly derived from the isostatic gravity inversion model of Phelps and others (1999) and high-resolution magnetic data, as part of an effort to gain a better understanding of the Paleozoic rocks beneath Yucca Flat in support of groundwater modeling.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00134","issn":"0094-9140","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Nevada Operations Office, U.S. Department of Energy (Interagency Agreement DE-AI08-96NV11967)","usgsCitation":"Phelps, G., McKee, E.H., Sweetkind, D., and Langenheim, V., 2000, Preliminary model of the pre-Tertiary basement rocks beneath Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada, based on analysis of gravity and magnetic data: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-134, Report: 11 p., Figures 1-5, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00134.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p., Figures 1-5","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":153315,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00134.jpg"},{"id":110066,"rank":7,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25679.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25679"},{"id":1210,"rank":6,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281177,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_fig2.pdf"},{"id":281179,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_fig5.pdf"},{"id":281176,"rank":5,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_fig1.pdf"},{"id":281178,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0134/pdf/of00-134_figs3and4.pdf"}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","datum":"NAD27","country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Flat","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.259899,36.874883 ], [ -116.259899,37.260118 ], [ -115.87497,37.260118 ], [ -115.87497,36.874883 ], [ -116.259899,36.874883 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cd75","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phelps, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":17262,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phelps","given":"Geoffrey A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McKee, Edwin H. mckee@usgs.gov","contributorId":3728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McKee","given":"Edwin","email":"mckee@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":186837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sweetkind, D.","contributorId":83645,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sweetkind","given":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":186840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":186839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":23228,"text":"ofr00176 - 2000 - Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing, Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-08-22T19:19:54.298858","indexId":"ofr00176","displayToPublicDate":"2000-05-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-176","title":"Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing, Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00176","usgsCitation":"Grasso, D.N., 2000, Geologic surface effects of underground nuclear testing, Yucca Flat, Nevada Test Site, Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-176, Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 36.03 × 62.25 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00176.","productDescription":"Report: 20 p.; 1 Plate: 36.03 × 62.25 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":155352,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110077,"rank":700,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_26223.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"26223"},{"id":1382,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0176/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","otherGeospatial":"Yucca Flat","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -116.1333,\n 36.9667\n ],\n [\n -115.9667,\n 36.9667\n ],\n [\n -115.9667,\n 37.2\n ],\n [\n -116.1333,\n 37.2\n ],\n [\n -116.1333,\n 36.9667\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6880b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grasso, Dennis N.","contributorId":39402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grasso","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":189681,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70073376,"text":"70073376 - 2000 - Superposed fold-thrust events at the Nevada Test Site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-04T11:35:38","indexId":"70073376","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T14:22:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1724,"text":"GSA Field Guides","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Superposed fold-thrust events at the Nevada Test Site","docAbstract":"The Nevada Test Site (NTS), in southern Nye County, Nevada, straddles significant pre-Tertiary structural and stratigraphic boundaries. Detailed stratigraphy and biostratigraphy of the Upper Paleozoic section delineates the regional trust sheets and constrains their burial histories. The Paleozoic rocks record three phases of contractional deformation, overprinted by strike-slip faulting. These occurred in the folloing order: (1) foreland-vergant folding and imbricate thrusting in the footwall of the Belted Range thrust; (2) hinterland-vergent folding and thrusting; and (3) north-vergant folding that we interpret as footwall deformation below a third major thrust system. Sinistral slip, typically accompanied by minor east-west shortening, has occurred along a series of north-northeast--north-northwest--striking faults around Yucca Flat. This strike-slip faulting postdates both foreland-vergent and hinterland-vergent deformation, and predates the Cretaceous Climax stock; its age relative to the north-vergent folding and thrusting is unknown. Our new understanding of the geometry of these structures provides new insights into the correlation and interpretation of regional structural features. Field trip stops will examine: (1) the stratigraphic differences that allow us to distinguish the regional thrust sheets and constrain their burial histories; and (2) the field relationships that document the kinematics and relative ages of the penetrative deformational events.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/0-8137-0002-7.337","usgsCitation":"Cashman, P.H., Cole, J., and Trexler, J.H., 2000, Superposed fold-thrust events at the Nevada Test Site: GSA Field Guides, v. 2, p. 337-354, https://doi.org/10.1130/0-8137-0002-7.337.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"337","endPage":"354","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":281200,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Nevada","county":"Nye County","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -117.5,36.0 ], [ -117.5,38.0 ], [ -115.0,38.0 ], [ -115.0,36.0 ], [ -117.5,36.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd7563e4b0b2908510a344","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cashman, Patricia H.","contributorId":84058,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cashman","given":"Patricia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cole, J. C.","contributorId":21539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cole","given":"J. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Trexler, James H. Jr.","contributorId":37399,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trexler","given":"James","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":488665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171435,"text":"70171435 - 2000 - Recharge from a subsidence crater at the Nevada test site","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-05-31T13:01:58","indexId":"70171435","displayToPublicDate":"2000-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3420,"text":"Soil Science Society of America Journal","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Recharge from a subsidence crater at the Nevada test site","docAbstract":"Current recharge through the alluvial fans of the Nevada Test Site (NTS) is considered to be negligible, but the impact of more than 400 nuclear subsidence craters on recharge is uncertain. Many of the craters contain a playa region, but the impact of these playas has not been addressed. It was hypothesized that a crater playa would focus infiltration through the surrounding coarser-grained material, thereby increasing recharge. Crater U5a was selected because it represented a worst case for runoff into craters. A borehole was instrumented for neutron logging beneath the playa center and immediately outside the crater. Physical and hydraulic properties were measured along a transect in the crater and outside the crater. Particle-size analysis of the 14.6 m of sediment in the crater and morphological features of the crater suggest that a large ponding event of ≈63000 m3 had occurred since crater formation. Water flow simulations with HYDRUS-2D, which were corroborated by the measured water contents, suggest that the wetting front advanced initially by as much as 30 m yr−1 with a recharge rate 32 yr after the event of 2.5 m yr−1Simulations based on the measured properties of the sediments suggest that infiltration will occur preferentially around the playa perimeter. However, these sediments were shown to effectively restrict future recharge by storing water until removal by evapotranspiration (ET). This work demonstrated that subsidence craters may be self-healing.
","language":"English","publisher":"ACSESS","doi":"10.2136/sssaj2000.6451570x","usgsCitation":"Wilson, G.V., Ely, D., Hokett, S.L., and Gillespie, D.R., 2000, Recharge from a subsidence crater at the Nevada test site: Soil Science Society of America Journal, v. 64, no. 5, p. 1570-1581, https://doi.org/10.2136/sssaj2000.6451570x.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1570","endPage":"1581","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":321923,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"574eb5dce4b0ee97d51a83f9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilson, G. V.","contributorId":169737,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wilson","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ely, D.M.","contributorId":33356,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ely","given":"D.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hokett, S. L.","contributorId":169738,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hokett","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gillespie, D. R.","contributorId":169739,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gillespie","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":630975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ]}