{"pageNumber":"20","pageRowStart":"475","pageSize":"25","recordCount":560,"records":[{"id":70012341,"text":"70012341 - 1980 - Influence of fortnightly earth tides at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-02-15T01:22:39.804715","indexId":"70012341","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of fortnightly earth tides at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<div class=\"\"><div class=\"article-section__content en main\"><p>Analysis of 52 historic eruptions confirms the premise that fortnightly earth tides play a significant role in triggering activity at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii. Since January 1832, nearly twice as many eruptions have occurred nearer fortnightly tidal maximum than tidal minimum (34 vs. 18). A straightforward significance test indicates that the likelihood of a fortnightly tidal influence on Kilauea eruptions is roughly 90%. This is not the case for Mauna Loa Volcano, where 37 historic eruptions have been distributed randomly with respect to the fortnightly tide. At Kilauea, stresses induced by fortnightly earth tides presumably act in concert with volcanic and tectonic stresses to trigger shallow magma movements along preexisting zones of weakness. Differences in structure or internal plumbing may limit the effectiveness of this mechanism at Mauna Loa. Tidal effects seem to be less marked at shields than at some island-arc volcanoes, possibly because higher average volcanic stress rates in Hawaii more often override the effects of tidal stresses.</p></div></div>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/GL007i011p00925","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., 1980, Influence of fortnightly earth tides at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 7, no. 11, p. 925-928, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL007i011p00925.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"925","endPage":"928","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222714,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b3ae4b0c8380cd62336","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363324,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012418,"text":"70012418 - 1980 - Geophysical observations of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2. Constraints on the magma supply during November 1975-September 1977","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:08","indexId":"70012418","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical observations of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2. Constraints on the magma supply during November 1975-September 1977","docAbstract":"Following a 22-month hiatus in eruptive activity, Kilauea volcano extruded roughly 35 ?? 106 m3 of tholeiitic basalt from vents along its middle east rift zone during 13 September-1 October, 1977. The lengthy prelude to this eruption began with a magnitude 7.2 earthquake on 29 November, 1975, and included rapid summit deflation episodes in June, July, and August 1976 and February 1977. Synthesis of seismic, geodetic, gravimetric, and electrical self-potential observations suggests the following model for this atypical Kilauea eruptive cycle. Rapid summit deflation initiated by the November 1975 earthquake reflected substantial migration of magma from beneath the summit region of Kilauea into the east and southwest rift zones. Simultaneous leveling and microgravity observations suggest that 40-90 ?? 106 m3 of void space was created within the summit magma chamber as a result of the earthquake. If this volume was filled by magma from depth before the east rift zone intrusive event of June 1976, the average rate of supply was 6-13 ?? 106 m3/month, a rate that is consistent with the value of 9 ?? 106 m3/month suggested from observations of long-duration Kilauea eruptions. Essentially zero net vertical change was recorded at the summit during the 15-month period beginning with the June 1976 intrusion and ending with the September 1977 eruption. This fact suggests that most magma supplied from depth during this interval was eventually delivered to the east rift zone, at least in part during four rapid summit deflation episodes. Microearthquake epicenters migrated downrift to the middle east rift zone for the first time during the later stages of the February 1977 intrusion, an occurrence presumably reflecting movement of magma into the eventual eruptive zone. This observation was confirmed by tilt surveys in May 1977 that revealed a major inflation center roughly 30 km east of the summit in an area of anomalous steaming and forest kill first noted in March 1976. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Dzurisin, D., Anderson, L.A., Eaton, G.P., Koyanagi, R.Y., Lipman, P.W., Lockwood, J.P., Okamura, R., Puniwai, G.S., Sako, M., and Yamashita, K., 1980, Geophysical observations of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii, 2. Constraints on the magma supply during November 1975-September 1977: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 241-269.","startPage":"241","endPage":"269","numberOfPages":"29","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":221947,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2864e4b0c8380cd5a0b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Anderson, L. A.","contributorId":22763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363491,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eaton, G. P.","contributorId":86334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363498,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363500,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Okamura, R.T.","contributorId":96728,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okamura","given":"R.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363499,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Puniwai, G. S.","contributorId":48588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puniwai","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Sako, M. K.","contributorId":50152,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sako","given":"M. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Yamashita, K.M.","contributorId":54603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yamashita","given":"K.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10}]}}
,{"id":70012435,"text":"70012435 - 1980 - The 1977 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:04","indexId":"70012435","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 1977 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Kilauea volcano began to erupt on September 13, 1977, after a 21.5-month period of quiescence. Harmonic tremor in the upper and central east rift zone and rapid deflation of the summit area occurred for 22 hours before the outbreak of surface activity. On the first night, spatter ramparts formed along a discontinuous, en-echelon, 5.5-km-long fissure system that trends N70??E between two prehistoric cones, Kalalua and Puu Kauka. Activity soon became concentrated at a central vent that erupted sporadically until September 23 and extruded flows that moved a maximum distance of 2.5 km to the east. On September 18, new spatter ramparts began forming west of Kalalua, extending to 7 km the length of the new vent system. A vent near the center of this latest fissure became the locus of sustained fountaining and continued to extrude spatter and short flows intermittently until September 20. The most voluminous phase of the eruption began late on September 25. A discontinuous spatter rampart formed along a 700-m segment near the center of the new, 7-km-long fissure system; within 24 hours activity became concentrated at the east end of this segment. One flow from the 35-m-high cone that formed at this site moved rapidly southeast and eventually reached an area 10 km from the vent and 700 m from the nearest house in the evacuated village of Kalapana. We estimate the total volume of material produced during this 18-day eruption to be 35 ?? 106 m3. Samples from active vents and flows are differentiated quartz-normative tholeiitic basalt, similar in composition to lavas erupted from Kilauea in 1955 and 1962. Plagioclase is the only significant phenocryst; augite, minor olivine, and rare orthopyroxene and opaque oxides accompany it as microphenocrysts. Sulfide globules occur in fresh glass and as inclusions in phenocrysts in early 1977 lavas; their absence in chemically-similar basalt from the later phases of the eruption suggests that more extensive intratelluric degassing occurred as the eruption proceeded. Bulk composition of lavas varied somewhat during the eruption, but the last basalt produced also is differentiated, suggesting that the magma withdrawn from the summit reservoir during the rapid deflation has not yet been erupted. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Moore, R.B., Helz, R., Dzurisin, D., Eaton, G.P., Koyanagi, R.Y., Lipman, P.W., Lockwood, J.P., and Puniwai, G.S., 1980, The 1977 eruption of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 189-210.","startPage":"189","endPage":"210","numberOfPages":"22","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222203,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba626e4b08c986b320f0d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Moore, R. B.","contributorId":98720,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":363572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dzurisin, D.","contributorId":76067,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eaton, G. P.","contributorId":86334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Puniwai, G. S.","contributorId":48588,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Puniwai","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70012233,"text":"70012233 - 1980 - Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:18:45","indexId":"70012233","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse","docAbstract":"Repeated high-precision gravity measurements made near the summit of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, have revealed systematic temporal variations in the gravity field associated with a major deflation of the volcano that followed the 29 November, 1975, earthquake and eruption. Changes in the gravity field with respect to a stable reference station on the south flank of neighboring Mauna Loa volcano were measured at 18 sites in the summit region of Kilauea and at 4 sites far removed from its summit. The original survey, conducted 10-23 November, 1975, was repeated during a two-week period after the earthquake. The results indicate that sometime between the first survey and the latter part of the second survey the gravity field at sites near the summit increased with respect to that at sites far removed from the summit. The pattern of gravity increase is essentially radially symmetrical, with a half-width slightly less than 3 km, about the point of maximum change 1.5 km southeast of Halemaumau pit crater. Gravity changes at sites near the summit correlate closely with elevation decreases that occurred sometime between leveling surveys conducted in late September 1975 and early January 1976. The systematic relation between gravity and elevation change (-1.71 ?? 0.05 (s.e.) ??gal/cm) shows that deflation was accompanied by a loss of mass from beneath the summit region. Mass balance calculations indicate that for all reasonable magma densities, the volume of magma withdrawn from beneath the summit region exceeded the volume of summit collapse. Analysis suggests that magma drained from at least two distinct areas south of Kilauea caldera that coincide roughly with two reservoir areas active during inflation before the 1967-1968 Kilauea eruption. ?? 1980.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Jachens, R., and Eaton, G.P., 1980, Geophysical observations of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii, 1. temporal gravity variations related to the 29 November, 1975, M = 7.2 earthquake and associated summit collapse: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 225-240.","startPage":"225","endPage":"240","numberOfPages":"16","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a2865e4b0c8380cd5a0b4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jachens, R.C.","contributorId":55433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"R.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, G. P.","contributorId":86334,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"G.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70012111,"text":"70012111 - 1980 - Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:05","indexId":"70012111","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1093,"text":"Bulletin Volcanologique","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979","docAbstract":"Kilauea Iki lava lake formed during the 1959 summit eruption, one of the most picritic eruptions of Kilauea Volcano in the twentieth century. Since 1959 the 110 to 122 m thick lake has cooled slowly, developing steadily thickening upper and lower crusts, with a lens of more molten lava in between. Recent coring dates, with maximum depths reached in the center of the lake, are: 1967 (26.5 m). 1975 (44.2 m), 1976 (46.0 m) and 1979 (52.7 m). These depths define the base of the upper crust at the time of drilling. The bulk of the core consists of a gray, olivine-phyric basalt matrix, which locally contains coarser-grained diabasic segregation veins. The most important megascopic variation in the matrix rock is its variation in olivine content. The upper 15 m of crust is very olivine-rich. Abundance and average size of olivine decrease irregularly downward to 23 m; between 23 and 40 m the rock contains 5-10% of small olivine phenocrysts. Below 40 m. olivine content and average grainsize rise sharply. Olivine contents remain high (20-45%, by volume) throughout the lower crust, except for a narrow (< 6 m) olivine depleted zone near the basalt contact. Petrographically the olivine phenocrysts in Kilauea Iki can be divided into two types. Type 1 phenocrysts are large (1-12 mm long), with irregular blocky outlines, and often contain kink bands. Type 2 crystals are relatively small (0.5-2 mm in length), euhedral and undeformed. The variations in olivine content of the matrix rock are almost entirely variations in the amount of type 1 olivines. Sharp mineral layering of any sort is rare in Kilauea Iki. However, the depth range 41-52 m is marked by the frequent occurrence of steeply dipping (70??-90??) bands or bodies of slightly vuggy olivine-rich rock locally capped with a small cupola of segregation-vein material. In thin section there is clear evidence for relative movement of melt and crystals within these structures. The segregation veins occur only in the upper crust. The most widely distributed (occurring from 4.5-59.4 m) are thin veins (most < 5 cm thick), which cut the core at moderate angles and appear to have been derived from the immediately adjacent wall-rock by filter pressing. There is also a series of thicker (0.1-1.5 m) segregation veins, which recur every 2-3 m, between 20 and 52 m. These have subhorizontal contacts and appear, from similarities in thickness and spacing, to correlate between drill holes as much as 100 m apart. These large veins are not derived from the adjacent wallrock: their mechanism of formation is still problematical. The total thickness of segregation veins in Kilauea Iki is 3-6 m in the central part of the lake, corresponding to 6-11% of the upper crust. Whole-rock compositions for Kilauea Iki fall into two groups: the matrix rock ranges from 20-7.5% MgO, while the segregation veins all contain between 6.0 and 4.5% MgO. There are no whole-rock compositions of intermediate MgO content. Samples from < 12 m show eruption-controlled chemistry. Below that depth, matrix rock compositions have higher Al2O3, TiO2 and alkalies, and lower CaO and FeO, at a given MgO content than do the eruption pumices. The probable causes of this are assimilation of low-melting components from foundered crust, plus removal of olivine, plus removal of minor augite, for rocks with MgO contents of < 8.0%. Given the observed rate of growth of the upper crust, one can infer that significant removal of the type 1 olivine phenocrysts from the upper part of the lake began in 1963 and ceased sometime prior to 1972. The process. probably gravitative settling, appears to have been inhibited earlier by gas streaming from the lower part of the lens of melt. The olivine cumulate zone, which extends into the upper crust, contains relatively few (25-40%) olivine crystals, few of which actually touch each other. The diffuseness of the cumulate zone raises the possibility that the crystals were coated with a relatively visous boundary layer","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Bulletin Volcanologique","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisherLocation":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/BF02600365","issn":"0366483X","usgsCitation":"Helz, R., 1980, Crystallization history of Kilauea Iki lava lake as seen in drill core recovered in 1967-1979: Bulletin Volcanologique, v. 43, no. 4, p. 675-701, https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02600365.","startPage":"675","endPage":"701","numberOfPages":"27","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":205176,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02600365"},{"id":221991,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"43","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059fd01e4b0c8380cd4e590","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Helz, Rosalind Tuthill 0000-0003-1550-0684","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1550-0684","contributorId":16806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helz","given":"Rosalind Tuthill","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":362758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70012218,"text":"70012218 - 1980 - Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T10:33:28","indexId":"70012218","displayToPublicDate":"1980-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1980","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors","docAbstract":"<p>Nearly all Hawaiian basaltic lava erupts as pahoehoe, and some changes to aa during flowage and cooling; factors governing the transition involve certain critical relations between viscosity and rate of shear strain. If the lava slows, cools, and stops in direct response to concomitant increase in viscosity before these critical relations are reached, it remains pahoehoe. But, if flow mechanics (flow rate, flow dimensions, slope, momentum, etc.) impel the lava to continue to move and deform even after it has become highly viscous, the critical relations may be reached and the lava changes to aa.</p><p>Typical modes of transition from pahoehoe to aa include: (1) spontaneous formation of relatively stiff clots in parts of the flowing lava where shear rate is highest; these clots grow into discrete, rough, sticky masses to which the remaining fluid lava incrementally adheres; (2) fragmentation and immersion of solid or semi-solid surface crusts of pahoehoe by roiling movements of the flow, forming cores of discrete, tacky masses; (3) sudden renewed movement of lava stored and cooled within surface reservoirs to form clots. The masses, fragments, and clots in these transition modes are characterized by spinose, granulated surfaces; as flow movement continues, the masses and fragments aggregate, fracture, and grind together, completing the transition to aa.</p><p>Observations show that the critical relation between viscosity and rate of shear strain is inverse: if viscosity is low, a high rate of shear is required to begin the transition to aa; conversely, if viscosity is high, a much lower rate of shear will induce the transition. These relations can be demonstrated qualitatively with simple graphs, which can be used to examine the flow history of any selected finite lava element by tracing the path represented by its changing viscosity and shear rate. A broad, diffuse “transition threshold zone” in these graphs portrays the inverse critical relation between viscosity and shear rate; the transition to aa is represented by the path of the lava element crossing this zone.</p><p>Moving lava flows can be regarded as natural viscometers, by which shear stress and rate of shear strain at selected points can be determined and viscosity can be computed. By making such determinations under a wide range of conditions on pahoehoe, aa, and transitional flow types, the critical relations that control the pahoehoe-aa transition can be quantified.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/0377-0273(80)90033-5","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Peterson, D.W., and Tilling, R.I., 1980, Transition of basaltic lava from pahoehoe to aa, Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: Field observations and key factors: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 7, no. 3-4, p. 271-293, https://doi.org/10.1016/0377-0273(80)90033-5.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"271","endPage":"293","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":" Kilauea Volcano","volume":"7","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb710e4b08c986b327039","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Donald W.","contributorId":11209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363010,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":363011,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":9781,"text":"ofr791700 - 1979 - Radiocarbon dates from the Hawaiian Islands: A compilation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-11-01T06:43:08","indexId":"ofr791700","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-1700","title":"Radiocarbon dates from the Hawaiian Islands: A compilation","docAbstract":"<p>Radiocarbon dating has proved to be a useful tool for the correlation of events and their timing during the Quaternary. In the Hawaiian Islands, the application of this technique is providing a chronology of the geologic history that will serve as a framework for studies of volcanologic and related hazards, sea-level changes, paleomagnetism, and paleobotany. Many <sup>14</sup>C dates have also been determined for archaeological studies on the Islands.</p><p>During the last 3 years, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) radiocarbon laboratory at Reston, VA, has determined more than 100 <sup>14</sup>C dates from carbonized roots and other plant material collected from beneath prehistoric lava flows and ash deposits from Mauna Loa and Kilauea volcanoes. Prior to 1976, only 10 flows from these volcanoes had been dated by radiocarbon methods. Collection of dateable material has been facilitated by an improved understanding of the conditions of charcoal formation and preservation beneath basaltic lavas (Lockwood and Lipman, 1979).</p><p>The purpose of this report is to gather all published Hawaiian radiocarbon dates, except geochemical dates, together in order to spare those working on the geologic and archaeologic history of the Islands the time and energy necessary to recover these dates from their various sources, as well as to prevent duplication of effort in the field and laboratory. A few unpublished dates from the Reston laboratory are also included. The listing and bibliography are as complete as possible. The U.S. Geological Survey library was used as the primary source of information.</p><p>The dates are divided by island, and, within island groups, by category of interest. Within each category, dates are listed chronologically from youngest to oldest. The letter before the lab number tells what lab ran the sample. The list of laboratories gives the addresses. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr791700","usgsCitation":"Kelley, M.L., 1979, Radiocarbon dates from the Hawaiian Islands: A compilation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 79-1700, i, 37 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr791700.","productDescription":"i, 37 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":368835,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1700/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142821,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1979/1700/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":25039,"text":"pp1056 - 1979 - Chronological narrative of the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"pp1056","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1056","title":"Chronological narrative of the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp1056","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Duffield, W.A., Jackson, D.B., and Peterson, D.W., 1979, Chronological narrative of the 1969-71 Mauna Ulu eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1056, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1056.","productDescription":"55 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121790,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1056/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54041,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1056/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54042,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1056/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54043,"rank":402,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1056/plate-3.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54044,"rank":403,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1056/plate-4.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":54045,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1056/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abde4b07f02db673f4a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, W. A.","contributorId":71935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193118,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, D. B.","contributorId":27057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193117,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Peterson, D. W.","contributorId":84326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193119,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":11823,"text":"ofr79771 - 1979 - A compilation of the data from the 1976 Hawaii seismic refraction experiment","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-12-11T17:35:33.876547","indexId":"ofr79771","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"79-771","title":"A compilation of the data from the 1976 Hawaii seismic refraction experiment","docAbstract":"<p>In November 1976, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in conjunction with the Hawaii Institute of Geophysics (HIG) of the University of Hawaii established a seismic refraction line perpendicular to the southeast coast of Hawaii (Fig. 1). 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,{"id":70207378,"text":"70207378 - 1979 - The lava lakes of Kilauea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-06-03T15:07:59.066102","indexId":"70207378","displayToPublicDate":"1979-12-18T13:15:27","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3355,"text":"Scientific American","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The lava lakes of Kilauea","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Scientific American","doi":"10.1038/scientificamerican1079-114","usgsCitation":"Peck, D., Wright, T., and Decker, R., 1979, The lava lakes of Kilauea: Scientific American, v. 241, no. 4, p. 114-128, https://doi.org/10.1038/scientificamerican1079-114.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"114","endPage":"128","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":370420,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              18.79191774423444\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.456787109375,\n              18.79191774423444\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.456787109375,\n              20.2725032501349\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              20.2725032501349\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.544189453125,\n              18.79191774423444\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"241","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peck, D. L.","contributorId":53784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peck","given":"D. L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wright, Thomas L. twright@usgs.gov","contributorId":3890,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Thomas L.","email":"twright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":777865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Decker, R.","contributorId":152591,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Decker","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":777866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012457,"text":"70012457 - 1979 - A large submarine sand-rubble flow on kilauea volcano, hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:02","indexId":"70012457","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A large submarine sand-rubble flow on kilauea volcano, hawaii","docAbstract":"Papa'u seamount on the south submarine slope of Kilauea volcano is a large landslide about 19 km long, 6 km wide, and up to 1 km thick with a volume of about 39 km3. Dredge hauls, remote camera photographs, and submersible observations indicate that it is composed primarily of unconsolidated angular glassy basalt sand with scattered basalt blocks up to 1 m in size; no lava flows were seen. Sulfur contents of basalt glass from several places on the sand-rubble flow and nearby areas are low (< 240 ppm), indicating that the clastic basaltic material was all erupted on land. The Papa'u sandrubble flow was emplaced during a single flow event fed from a large near-shore bank of clastic basaltic material which in turn was formed as lava flows from the summit area of Kilauea volcano disintegrated when they entered the sea. The current eruptive output of the volcano suggests that the material in the submarine sand-rubble flow represents about 6000 years of accumulation, and that the flow event occurred several thousand years ago. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Fornari, D., Moore, J., and Calk, L., 1979, A large submarine sand-rubble flow on kilauea volcano, hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 5, no. 3-4, p. 239-256.","startPage":"239","endPage":"256","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","issue":"3-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059e432e4b0c8380cd464bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fornari, D.J.","contributorId":49520,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fornari","given":"D.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Calk, L.","contributorId":106264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Calk","given":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70012429,"text":"70012429 - 1979 - Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: Discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-13T13:50:57","indexId":"70012429","displayToPublicDate":"1979-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1979","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3071,"text":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: Discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii","docAbstract":"Cancellation of extraterrestrial magnetic disturbances by taking simple differences between total field readings at spaced stations is imperfect. It is shown that improvement is possible when three component observatory data are available from a single station in the general, but not necessarily immediate, vicinity of an array of total field stations used in a tectonomagnetic study. The local effects of a magnetic disturbance field depend upon its orientation, so that local field differences are more effectively generated by certain orientations of the disturbance field. The orientation of the disturbance field which correlates best with a local difference field is determined by a least-squares method, so that the correlated vector signal can be routinely subtracted from the difference field record. Application of the technique to daily averages of records from three synchronised proton magnetometers on Kilauea volcano reveals a 1.5-nT change in the local field at the time of a flank eruption in May, 1973. This effect was obscured by noise in the raw difference field data. ?? 1979.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/0031-9201(79)90005-0","issn":"00319201","usgsCitation":"Davis, P., Stacey, F., Zablocki, C., and Olson, J., 1979, Improved signal discrimination in tectonomagnetism: Discovery of a volcanomagnetic effect at Kilauea, Hawaii: Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, v. 19, no. 4, p. 331-336, https://doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90005-0.","startPage":"331","endPage":"336","numberOfPages":"6","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222138,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":267348,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0031-9201(79)90005-0"}],"volume":"19","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3964e4b0c8380cd618e5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, P.M.","contributorId":15229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"P.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stacey, F.D.","contributorId":59176,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stacey","given":"F.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Zablocki, C.J.","contributorId":52178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Olson, J.V.","contributorId":71836,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"J.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70012438,"text":"70012438 - 1978 - Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-12T17:19:09","indexId":"70012438","displayToPublicDate":"1978-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1978","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2499,"text":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"The very low-frequency (VLF) induction method has found exceptional utility in studying various volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii because: (1) significant anomalies result exclusively from ionically conductive magma or still-hot intrusions (> 800??C) and the attendant electrolytically conductive hot groundwater; (2) basalt flows forming the bulk of Kilauea have very high resistivities at shallow depths that result in low geologic noise levels and relatively deep depths of investigation (???100 m); and (3) the azimuths to two of the usable transmitters (NLK and NPM) are aligned favorably with most of the principal geologic features. Measurements of the tilt angle and ellipticity of the polarization ellipse of the magnetic field, using a simple, hand-held receiver, have been used to: (1) delineate the lateral extent of shallow, partially solidified lava lakes, active lava tubes, and recent intrusive dikes; (2) obtain an indication of the attitude of some recent dikes; (3) show that many eruptive fissures cool faster than their intrusive counterparts; (4) show that some fumarolic areas are underlain by shallow, highly altered, and conductive zones; and (5) provide control information for interpreting data obtained with other electrical techniques. Complementary measurements of scalar apparent resistivity and surface impedance phase, using a new attachment for the VLF receiver, have substantially increased the utility of VLF studies in Kilauea. They provide better lateral resolution of conductors and reduce the ambiguity in interpretation. Notwithstanding recent advances in theoretical modeling techniques, the excellent quality of some of the data warrants extension of interpretive techniques, particularly for quantitatively characterizing the configuration and conductivity of small-dimension bodies. These VLF induction methods should have wide application to studies of active volcanic regions in other parts of the world and could provide some insights into the workings of larger-scaled geothermal systems. ?? 1978.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","issn":"03770273","usgsCitation":"Zablocki, C., 1978, Applications of the VLF induction method for studying some volcanic processes of Kilauea volcano, Hawaii: Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research, v. 3, no. 1-2, p. 155-195.","startPage":"155","endPage":"195","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":222305,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"3","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eccbe4b0c8380cd494c4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zablocki, C.J.","contributorId":52178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":363584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":8849,"text":"ofr7794 - 1977 - Mapping the lateral boundaries of a cooling basaltic lava lake, Kilauea Iki, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-08-05T13:58:49.69473","indexId":"ofr7794","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-94","title":"Mapping the lateral boundaries of a cooling basaltic lava lake, Kilauea Iki, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>Two types of electromagnetic (EM) profiling techniques were used to delineate the surface projection of the edges of the still-molten basaltic lava lens that exists in Kilauea Iki Crater, Hawaii. These studies were made as part of an intensive geophysical program aimed at defining the overall configuration of the liquid core and the attendant hydrothermal fluids. The results of the profiling studies were presented orally at the Annual Fall Meeting of the American Geophysical Union held in San Francisco, Calif., December 6, 1976. This report summarizes in more detail the techniques, results, and some conclusions related to the EM profiling studies. The complete results of an intensive VLF study made by L. A. Anderson (U.S. Geol. Survey, oral communication, 1976) will be presented in a separate report. Only a few of these results are discussed here.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr7794","usgsCitation":"Flanigan, V.J., and Zablocki, C.J., 1977, Mapping the lateral boundaries of a cooling basaltic lava lake, Kilauea Iki, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-94, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7794.","productDescription":"12 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":493543,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0094/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":142174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/1977/0094/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United 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,{"id":9087,"text":"ofr7759 - 1977 - Summary of results from electromagnetic and galvanic soundings on Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:18","indexId":"ofr7759","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1977","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"77-59","title":"Summary of results from electromagnetic and galvanic soundings on Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr7759","usgsCitation":"Smith, B.D., Zablocki, C., Frischknecht, F., and Flanigan, V.J., 1977, Summary of results from electromagnetic and galvanic soundings on Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 77-59, 10 [i.e. 28] leaves :ill., map ;28 cm.; (27 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr7759.","productDescription":"10 [i.e. 28] leaves :ill., map ;28 cm.; (27 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":142729,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b02e4b07f02db698a10","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, Bruce D. 0000-0002-1643-2997 bsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1643-2997","contributorId":845,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Bruce","email":"bsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":159038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zablocki, C.J.","contributorId":52178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"C.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159039,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Frischknecht, F.C.","contributorId":63384,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frischknecht","given":"F.C.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159040,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Flanigan, V. J.","contributorId":81097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flanigan","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":159041,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":9012,"text":"ofr76538 - 1976 - A deep research drill hole at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:06:00","indexId":"ofr76538","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-538","title":"A deep research drill hole at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76538","usgsCitation":"Zablocki, C.J., Tilling, R., Peterson, D.W., Christiansen, R., and Keller, G., 1976, A deep research drill hole at Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-538, 38 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (35 p. - PGS), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76538.","productDescription":"38 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.; (35 p. - PGS)","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140816,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6af11d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zablocki, Charles J.","contributorId":48961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158765,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, R.I. 0000-0003-4263-7221","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":98311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"R.I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158767,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Peterson, D. W.","contributorId":84326,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158766,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158764,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, G.V.","contributorId":15613,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"G.V.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":158763,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":59763,"text":"mf811 - 1976 - Preliminary map showing products of eruptions, 1962-1974, from the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-17T11:23:25","indexId":"mf811","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"811","title":"Preliminary map showing products of eruptions, 1962-1974, from the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/mf811","usgsCitation":"Holcomb, R.T., 1976, Preliminary map showing products of eruptions, 1962-1974, from the Upper East Rift Zone of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 811, 1 Plate: 33.62 x 43.49 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf811.","productDescription":"1 Plate: 33.62 x 43.49 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":364660,"rank":2,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0811/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":182549,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/0811/report-thumb.jpg"}],"scale":"0","country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155.25,19.25 ], [ -155.25,19.3675 ], [ -155.1175,19.3675 ], [ -155.1175,19.25 ], [ -155.25,19.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab0e4b07f02db66d65b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holcomb, R. T.","contributorId":99146,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holcomb","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":262540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":4275,"text":"cir740 - 1976 - Earthquakes and related catastrophic events, Island of Hawaii, November 29, 1975: A preliminary report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-22T20:25:59.173838","indexId":"cir740","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":307,"text":"Circular","code":"CIR","onlineIssn":"2330-5703","printIssn":"1067-084X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"740","title":"Earthquakes and related catastrophic events, Island of Hawaii, November 29, 1975: A preliminary report","docAbstract":"<p>The largest earthquake in over a century--magnitude 7.2 on the Richter Scale--struck Hawaii the morning of November 29, 1975, at 0448. It was centered about 5 km beneath the Kalapana area on the southeastern coast of the island at 19° 20.1 ' N., long 155° 01.4 ' W.). The earthquake was preceded by numerous foreshocks, the largest of which was a 5.7-magnitude jolt at 0336 the same morning, and was accompanied, or closely followed, by a tsunami seismic sea wave), massive ground movements, hundreds of aftershocks, and a volcanic eruption. The tsunami reached a height of 12.2-14.6 m above sea level on the southeastern coast about 25 km west of the earthquake center, elsewhere generally 8 m or less. The south flank of Kilauea Volcano, which forms the southeastern part of the island, was deformed by dislocations along old and new faults along a 25-km long zone. Downward and seaward fault displacements resulted in widespread subsidence, locally as much as 3.5 m, leaving coconut palms standing in the sea and nearly submerging a small, near-shore island. A brief, small-volume volcanic eruption, triggered by the earthquake and associated ground movements occurred at Kilauea's summit about three-quarters of an hour later. The earthquake, together with the tsunami it generated, locally caused severe property damage in the southeastern part of the island; the tsunami also caused two deaths. Damage from the earthquake and related catastrophic events is estimated by the Hawaii Civil Defense Agency at about $4.1 million. The 1975 Kalapana earthquake and accompanying events represent the latest events in a recurring pattern of behavior for Kilauea. A large earthquake of about the same magnitude, tsunami, subsidence, and eruption occurred at Kilauea in 1868, and a less powerful earthquake and similar related processes are believed to have occurred in 1823. Indeed, the geologic evidence suggests that such events have been repeated many times in Kilauea's past and will continue. The 1975 events serve as a critical, though tragic, reminder of the dynamic nature of the volcano and point up the need for careful land-use planning and adequate building codes to minimize damage and loss of life from similar events in the future. Detailed scientific study of the cause and effects of the November 29, 1975, event will take many months. This report summarizes information available in February 1976.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/cir740","usgsCitation":"Tilling, R.I., Koyanagi, R.Y., Lipman, P.W., Lockwood, J.P., Moore, J., and Swanson, D.A., 1976, Earthquakes and related catastrophic events, Island of Hawaii, November 29, 1975: A preliminary report: U.S. Geological Survey Circular 740, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/cir740.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":390863,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_23525.htm"},{"id":31386,"rank":299,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0740/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":124695,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/circ/1976/0740/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156.258544921875,\n              18.872503842809966\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.74517822265625,\n              18.872503842809966\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.74517822265625,\n              20.29053732272331\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.258544921875,\n              20.29053732272331\n            ],\n            [\n              -156.258544921875,\n              18.872503842809966\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a51e4b07f02db629714","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":148682,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lipman, P. W.","contributorId":93470,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lipman","given":"P.","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lockwood, J. P.","contributorId":104473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lockwood","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Moore, J.G.","contributorId":67496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moore","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148685,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":148683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":6465,"text":"pp963 - 1976 - Displacement of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano; the result of forceful intrusion of magma into the rift zones","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-01-22T14:33:39","indexId":"pp963","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"963","title":"Displacement of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano; the result of forceful intrusion of magma into the rift zones","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp963","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Duffield, W.A., and Fiske, R.S., 1976, Displacement of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano; the result of forceful intrusion of magma into the rift zones: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 963, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp963.","productDescription":"39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":140758,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0963/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":266231,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0963/report.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a307","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152771,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Duffield, Wendell A.","contributorId":14363,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duffield","given":"Wendell","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152769,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fiske, Richard S.","contributorId":17984,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fiske","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":152770,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":21516,"text":"ofr76304 - 1976 - Some electrical and magnetic studies of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:44","indexId":"ofr76304","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"76-304","title":"Some electrical and magnetic studies of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/ofr76304","usgsCitation":"Zablocki, C.J., 1976, Some electrical and magnetic studies of Kilauea Iki lava lake, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 76-304, 19 leaves :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr76304.","productDescription":"19 leaves :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":153104,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db699ed5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zablocki, Charles J.","contributorId":48961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":184577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70211093,"text":"70211093 - 1976 - Field measurements of apparent Curie temperatures in a cooling basaltic lava lake, Kilauea Iki, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-07-14T17:02:50.853458","indexId":"70211093","displayToPublicDate":"1976-07-14T11:51:46","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field measurements of apparent Curie temperatures in a cooling basaltic lava lake, Kilauea Iki, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p><span>Magnetic susceptibility and temperature measurements have been made in two of three holes drilled in 1975 through the crust and into the still molten lens of tholeiitic basalt in Kilauea Iki lava lake (formed in 1959). The temperature above which magnetic susceptibility drops to zero—the&nbsp;</span><span>apparent</span><span>&nbsp;Curie temperature—is 540°C. at depths of 34.7‐35.9 m below the lake surface. These field measurements suggest that the dominant ferromagnetic mineral in the cooling basalt is titanomagnetite containing about 10 mol percent ulvöspinel.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1029/GL003i008p00487","usgsCitation":"Zablocki, C.J., and Tilling, R.I., 1976, Field measurements of apparent Curie temperatures in a cooling basaltic lava lake, Kilauea Iki, Hawaii: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 3, no. 80, p. 487-490, https://doi.org/10.1029/GL003i008p00487.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"487","endPage":"490","costCenters":[{"id":153,"text":"California Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":376373,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Iki","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.302734375,\n              19.316327373141174\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.028076171875,\n              19.316327373141174\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.028076171875,\n              19.54943746814108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.302734375,\n              19.54943746814108\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.302734375,\n              19.316327373141174\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"3","issue":"80","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2012-12-07","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zablocki, Charles J.","contributorId":48961,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zablocki","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":792757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tilling, Robert I. 0000-0003-4263-7221 rtilling@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4263-7221","contributorId":2567,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tilling","given":"Robert","email":"rtilling@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":792758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":24994,"text":"pp891 - 1976 - The February 1969 east rift eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-05T18:17:39.633331","indexId":"pp891","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"891","title":"The February 1969 east rift eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp891","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D., Jackson, D.B., Koyanagi, R.Y., and Wright, T.L., 1976, The February 1969 east rift eruption of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 891, Report: iv, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 x 25.40 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/pp891.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 30 p.; 1 Plate: 39.00 x 25.40 inches","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":104749,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_5102.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"5102"},{"id":53983,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0891/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":53982,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0891/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":118995,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0891/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Kilauea Volcano","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.25,\n              19.4583\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25,\n              19.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0417,\n              19.333\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.0417,\n              19.4583\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.25,\n              19.4583\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c842","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, Donald A. 0000-0002-1680-3591","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1680-3591","contributorId":22303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"Donald A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jackson, D. B.","contributorId":27057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":192967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70164356,"text":"70164356 - 1976 - Tragedy at Kilauea","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-22T10:23:25","indexId":"70164356","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Tragedy at Kilauea","docAbstract":"<p>The following article is a reconstruction of events surrounding the deaths of a party of Hawaiian warriors in 1790 on Kilauea Volcano. It suggests that they were killed by a very hot, ash-free, base-surge cloud that rushed from the volcano.</p>\n<p>Much more recently than that, in the early morning hours of November 29, 1975, the largest earthquake in more than 100 years struck the southern part of the Island of Hawaii, causing widespread faulting and subsidence, an eruption at the summit of Kilauea Volcano, the loss of at least one life, and widespread damage to property. The effects of this earthquake are still being analyzed by the staff of the Geological Survey's Hawaiian Volcano Observatory, but preliminary results indicate that much of the south flank of Kilauea Volcano moved seaward in an abrupt, slump-like manner. The eruption that followed was small by the usually Kilauea standards and is regarded as a leakage of lava from the volcano's underground reservoir system in response to the effects of the earthquake. A more detailed account of these events will be included in a future issue of the Earthquake Information Bulletin.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"Swanson, D.A., and Christiansen, R., 1976, Tragedy at Kilauea: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS), v. 8, no. 2, p. 12-17.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"12","endPage":"17","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":316433,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.41155440237771\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2910614013672,\n              19.37334071336406\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2155303955078,\n              19.410259170032475\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.2526092529297,\n              19.44328437042322\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.26771545410156,\n              19.45234893685903\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31715393066406,\n              19.430981649106492\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31097412109372,\n              19.41155440237771\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"8","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56b08ff0e4b010e2af2a5e50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Christiansen, R.L. 0000-0002-8017-3918","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8017-3918","contributorId":25565,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Christiansen","given":"R.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":597100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70169139,"text":"70169139 - 1976 - The 7.2 magnitude earthquake, November 1975, Island of Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-03-21T15:36:03","indexId":"70169139","displayToPublicDate":"1976-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1976","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1435,"text":"Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS)","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The 7.2 magnitude earthquake, November 1975, Island of Hawaii","docAbstract":"<p>The largest earthquake in over a century struck Hawaii the morning of November 29, 1975, at 4:48 AM HST. The earthquake was of magnitude 7.2 on the Richter scale.</p>\n<p>It was centered about 5 km beneath the Kalapana area on the southeastern coast of Hawaii, the largest island of the Hawaiian chain (Fig. 1) and was preceded by numerous foreshocks. The event was accompanied, or followed shortly, by a tsunami, large-scale ground movemtns, hundreds of aftershocks, an eruption in the summit caldera of Kilauea Volcano. The earthquake and the tsunami it generated produced about 4.1 million dollars in property damage, and the tsumani caused two deaths. Although we have some preliminary findings about the cause and effects of the earthquake, detailed scientific investigations will take many more months to complete. This article is condensed from a recent preliminary report (Tillings an others 1976)</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S Geological Survey","usgsCitation":"U.S Geological Survey, 1976, The 7.2 magnitude earthquake, November 1975, Island of Hawaii: Earthquake Information Bulletin (USGS).","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":319129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","otherGeospatial":"Island of Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -155.41534423828125,\n              19.18148958198376\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.40298461914062,\n              19.27873951970705\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.38238525390625,\n              19.338357615423373\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.31784057617188,\n              19.40054459862468\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.203857421875,\n              19.43162918399349\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.08987426757812,\n              19.489896743079\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.98275756835935,\n              19.47695020648843\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86465454101562,\n              19.460118162137725\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.84954833984375,\n              19.441989391028706\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.86053466796875,\n              19.407021044033204\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.00198364257812,\n              19.30595917262483\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.11459350585938,\n              19.25929414046391\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.23406982421875,\n              19.255404787818094\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.33706665039062,\n              19.221693203201546\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.379638671875,\n              19.176301302579176\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.41534423828125,\n              19.18148958198376\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"56f11b79e4b0f59b85ddc556"}
,{"id":25030,"text":"pp890 - 1975 - The August and October 1968 east rift eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:28","indexId":"pp890","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1975","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"890","title":"The August and October 1968 east rift eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Govt. Print. Off.,","doi":"10.3133/pp890","usgsCitation":"Jackson, D.B., Swanson, D.A., Koyanagi, R.Y., and Wright, T.L., 1975, The August and October 1968 east rift eruptions of Kilauea Volcano, Hawaii: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 890, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp890.","productDescription":"33 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121971,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0890/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":54038,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/0890/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db6827cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jackson, Dallas B.","contributorId":19947,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Dallas","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Swanson, D. A.","contributorId":34102,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swanson","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Koyanagi, R. Y.","contributorId":35719,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koyanagi","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Y.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, T. L.","contributorId":11188,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"T.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":193097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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