Water withdrawals and use in Puerto Rico for 2015 were estimated at 2,372 million gallons per day (Mgal/d), which was 21 percent less than withdrawals and use for 2010. The 2015 total water withdrawal and use estimates were the lowest since 1990 and coincided with a substantial decline of 25 percent in saline-water withdrawals for thermoelectric-power cooling processes from 2010 to 2015. Freshwater withdrawals were 671 Mgal/d, or 28 percent of total water withdrawals, and saline-water withdrawals were 1,701 Mgal/d, or 72 percent of total withdrawals. Fresh surface-water withdrawals were estimated at 548 Mgal/d, 10 percent less than in 2010, whereas fresh groundwater withdrawals were estimated at 122 Mgal/d, 2 percent less than in 2010. Saline surface-water withdrawals were 25 percent less than in 2010.
Freshwater withdrawals were greatest for public-supply water and irrigation in 2015 and, combined, accounted for 98 percent of Puerto Rico’s total freshwater withdrawals. Withdrawals in 2015 for public-supply water (576 Mgal/d) were 14 percent lower and withdrawals for irrigation (78 Mgal/d) were 104 percent greater than in 2010, possibly because of drought conditions in agricultural counties along the south and southeast coasts in 2015. The sources for public-supply water withdrawals in 2015 included surface water (88 percent) and groundwater (12 percent). Withdrawals for other uses, which account for the remaining 2 percent of Puerto Rico’s total freshwater withdrawals, were lower in 2015 than in 2010; specifically, withdrawals for domestic self-supplied use decreased by 78 percent, industrial withdrawals decreased by 15 percent, and withdrawals for livestock decreased by 25 percent. Freshwater withdrawals for thermoelectric power and mining were greater in 2015 than in 2010, increasing by 23 percent and 5 percent, respectively.
The total population of Puerto Rico decreased by 7 percent from 2010 to 2015, from 3.73 million people in 2010 to 3.47 million people in 2015. The number of people who obtained potable water from public-supply water facilities in 2015 was about 3.47 million, or about 100 percent of the population of Puerto Rico.
Public-supply water deliveries for domestic use accounted for 338 Mgal/d in 2015, which is 47 percent greater than in 2010, indicating an increase in domestic per capita use from 62 to 98 gallons per person per day from 2010 to 2015. Domestic self-supplied withdrawals were estimated at 0.52 Mgal/d in 2015, for an estimated 4,708 people (less than 1 percent of Puerto Rico’s population). All domestic self-supplied withdrawals were assumed to be from groundwater sources.
Irrigation freshwater withdrawals were 78 Mgal/d in 2015 and accounted for 12 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals for all uses. Surface-water deliveries from irrigation districts accounted for 44 percent of total irrigation withdrawals, whereas groundwater withdrawals accounted for 56 percent. About 37,000 acres were irrigated in 2015, a decrease of 11 percent or about 4,000 acres compared to 2010. About 99 percent of the acreage was irrigated by micro-irrigation and sprinkler systems in 2015. About 65 percent of the irrigation withdrawals were accounted for by four municipalities: Santa Isabel, Salinas, Lajas, and Juana Díaz.
Altogether, freshwater withdrawals for livestock, industrial, mining, and thermoelectric power accounted for 2 percent (16.2 Mgal/d) of freshwater withdrawals for all uses, 9 percent less than in 2010. About 71 percent of the freshwater withdrawn for these categories was from groundwater sources.
In 2015, 50 percent of the total freshwater withdrawn in Puerto Rico was apportioned to six municipalities: Arecibo, Trujillo Alto, Toa Alta, Villalba, Aguada, and Mayagüez. Arecibo accounted for about 18 percent of the total freshwater withdrawals, predominantly for public-supply water use. Trujillo Alto, Toa Alta, Villalba, Aguada, and Mayagüez accounted for about 32 percent (213 Mgal/d) of the total freshwater withdrawals, which were predominantly for public-supply water uses. Withdrawals in some of these municipalities are subsequently distributed to other municipalities such as those in the San Juan metro area. The Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority water service area for the San Juan metro area (referred to as W–102) accounted for about 28 percent of the total water delivered from public-supply water facilities to domestic users, which includes about 34 percent of the total population of Puerto Rico.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Puerto Rico Aqueduct and Sewer Authority and the Puerto Rico Environmental Quality Board","usgsCitation":"Molina-Rivera, W.L., and Irizarry-Ortiz, M.M., 2021, Estimated water withdrawals and use in Puerto Rico, 2015: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1060, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211060.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 38 p.; Data Release","numberOfPages":"50","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-096352","costCenters":[{"id":27821,"text":"Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386796,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9POVNC6","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Spatial and tabular datasets of water withdrawals and use in Puerto Rico, 2015"},{"id":386795,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1060/ofr20211060.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.10 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1060"},{"id":386794,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1060/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Puerto Rico","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -67.445068359375,\n 17.764381077782076\n ],\n [\n -65.1873779296875,\n 17.764381077782076\n ],\n [\n -65.1873779296875,\n 18.651449894396634\n ],\n [\n -67.445068359375,\n 18.651449894396634\n ],\n [\n -67.445068359375,\n 17.764381077782076\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Caribbean-Florida Water Science Center
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Several comprehensive, data-driven geographic information system (GIS) analyses were conducted to assess prospectivity for lode gold in Alaska. These analyses use available geospatial datasets of lithologic, geochemical, mineral occurrence, and geophysical data to build models for recognizing different types of gold deposits within physiographic units defined by stream drainage basins that are approximately 100 square kilometers in area. The analytical methods successfully delineated areas in the State that contain known lode gold deposits and occurrences, providing some measure of confidence in their ability to predict gold prospectivity in areas of unknown lode gold potential. The results of our analyses indicate high prospectivity in a few areas scattered around the State that are not known to contain lode gold deposits.
In addition to assessing the potential for lode gold deposits in Alaska, we designed analyses to distinguish different lode gold deposit types, including orogenic, reduced-intrusion-related, epithermal, and gold-bearing porphyry. These can primarily be differentiated using their unique trace element geochemical fingerprints and elemental enrichments, which reflect the characteristics of the geologic environment and chemistry of the ore-forming fluids. We identified multiple parameters that would discriminate the different types of gold deposits, but owing to the limits of available data, the compositional similarity of ore-forming fluids among some types of lode gold deposits, and overlapping geologic environments, distinguishing deposit types at the state scale in Alaska remains problematic. These limitations resulted in overlapping areas of prospectivity for different deposit types, highlighting the challenges for targeted gold exploration in Alaska. Adjustment of some scoring parameters and recharacterization at smaller scales to highlight individual mineral systems for application of prospectivity analyses may be helpful at a district scale. At a regional scale, the aerial overlap of individual deposit type analyses reinforces confidence in prospectivity for a lode gold resource in a drainage basin. Our analysis for undivided lode gold deposits will be the most practical analysis for landuse decisions in which delineation of areas that have confident potential for gold deposits in general is the primary goal.
Data-driven GIS analysis for lode gold potential in Alaska, although limited by the size and uneven coverage of available datasets, objectively indicates prospectivity in areas where exposure is good as well as in areas under cover. The results of our analyses show medium to high prospectivity in areas that surround known deposits, indicating an overall expansion of areas that have the potential to contain gold deposits. Exploration in these areas may help improve the balance between the volume of gold produced in placer districts statewide and the relatively low volume of identified lode resources that contribute to these placer deposits. The results of our analyses can help focus future investigations in areas that show prospectivity but are not known to contain gold deposits, as well as in areas where data are lacking and the geology is poorly understood, and acquisition of additional data may help better define and constrain gold prospectivity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211041","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Alaska Division of Geological & Geophysical Surveys and the Bureau of Land Management","usgsCitation":"Karl, S.M., Kreiner, D.C., Case, G.N.D., Labay, K.A., Shew, N.B., Granitto, M., Wang, B., and Anderson, E.D., 2021, GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for lode gold in Alaska (ver. 1.1, October 2021): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1041, 75 p., 9 plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211041.","productDescription":"Report: x, 75 p.; 9 Plates: 11.00 x 17.00 inches or smaller; Data Release; 3 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"75","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-099538","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science 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Alaska”"},{"id":391050,"rank":15,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"30 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Statistical Calculations of Levels of Background Values for Sediment and Rock Geochemical Data"},{"id":391049,"rank":14,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/versionHist.txt","size":"5 KB","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"}},{"id":386835,"rank":13,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9CAM3F9","linkHelpText":"Data and results for GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for lode gold in Alaska"},{"id":386834,"rank":12,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate9.pdf","text":"Plate 9","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Map Showing Overlap of Gold-bearing Porphyry-Epithermal Gold and Reduced Intrusion-related-Orogenic Gold Deposit Prospectivity Maps"},{"id":391051,"rank":16,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"300 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Alaska Resource Data File (ARDF) Mineral-Deposit-Keyword-and-Scoring Templates"},{"id":386829,"rank":7,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_plate4.pdf","text":"Plate 4","size":"3.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"linkHelpText":"- Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Reduced Intrusion-related Gold Deposits"},{"id":386823,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1041/ofr20211041_v1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.5 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4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
A study was conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey in cooperation with the U.S. Navy (the Navy) to determine the status of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs) in groundwater at the former Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC) in West Trenton, New Jersey. Wells contaminated with VOCs were sampled in 2014, 2015, 2016, and 2017 as part of the Navy’s long-term monitoring program. The results for trichloroethene (TCE), cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cisDCE), and vinyl chloride (VC) were plotted in map view to determine whether the areal extent of the contamination had changed over the 4-year period. TCE, cisDCE, and VC concentrations were plotted along nine lines of section across the former NAWC site to determine whether the vertical distribution of VOCs had changed during 2014–17. TCE, cisDCE, and VC concentrations over time were plotted on graphs for each well to determine long-term trends and changes in VOC concentrations. Data from 1990 to 2017 were used, if available, to make these graphs.
Results show that the areas of VOC concentrations greater than or equal to 1 microgram per liter decreased slightly on the northwestern side and the northeastern side of the NAWC site from 2014 to 2017 under the influence of a pump-and-treat system, natural attenuation processes, and engineered bioaugmentation experiments ongoing at the site. The pump-and-treat system continued to hydraulically contain the VOC contamination and kept it from moving offsite to the south and west of NAWC. One well northeast of the NAWC site, 50BR, was found to have detectable TCE and cisDCE concentrations. These detections indicated that VOC contamination had migrated offsite and that the pump-and-treat system was not containing the VOC contamination on the eastern side of the facility. Detectable VOC concentrations were present in wells as deep as 200 and 221 feet on the eastern and western sides of the NAWC site. TCE concentrations in most wells were found to be stable or to have slowly decreased since the facility closed in 1999. Only 7 wells, including 3 pump-and-treat extraction wells, showed substantial increases in TCE concentration from 2014 to 2017. Continuing sources of TCE to the system are desorption of TCE from organic materials in the aquifer, back diffusion of TCE from the contaminated bedrock matrix, and dissolution of remaining dense nonaqueous phase TCE in the aquifer.
Wells at the former NAWC site were sampled for PFASs in 2015, 2016, and 2017. Perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA) results were plotted in map and cross-section views to determine the areal and vertical extent of the PFAS contamination at the site. PFOS, PFOA, and PFNA concentrations greater than their established maximum contaminant levels were detected in 25, 24, and 21 of the 26 wells sampled, respectively, on the eastern side of NAWC in 2017. Vertically, the highest PFAS concentrations were present in shallow wells along the fence near the firehouse and along the railroad tracks where the aqueous film-forming foam discharge reportedly occurred back in 1990. PFAS concentrations were detected in one well (54BR) as deep as 200 feet on the eastern side of the NAWC site. PFASs were present in wells east of the railroad tracks, indicating that PFAS-contaminated groundwater had moved offsite. In a limited test of five wells, samples collected with regenerated cellulose dialysis membrane (RCDM) passive samplers contained PFAS concentrations equal to those in samples from low-flow purging.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201105","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Navy","usgsCitation":"Imbrigiotta, T.E., and Fiore, A.R., 2021, Distribution of chlorinated volatile organic compounds and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in monitoring wells at the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey, 2014–17: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020–1105, 107 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201105.","productDescription":"Report: xii, 107 p.; Data Release; 4 Appendixes","numberOfPages":"107","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-110205","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386575,"rank":6,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1105/ofr20201105_appendix2.xlsx","text":"Appendix 2","size":"288 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Appendix 2. Volatile organic compounds, per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances, and 1,4-dioxane concentrations measured in samples from wells at the former Naval Air Warfare Center site, West Trenton, New Jersey, 1990–2017"},{"id":386577,"rank":7,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1105/ofr20201105_appendix2.csv","text":"Appendix 2 as CSV file","size":"187 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":386576,"rank":5,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1105/ofr20201105_appendix1.csv","text":"Appendix 1 as CSV file","size":"22.9 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"}},{"id":386573,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9RCAQ5N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Concentrations of chlorinated volatile organic compounds and per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances in groundwater and surface water, former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey"},{"id":386572,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1105/ofr20201105.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1105"},{"id":386571,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1105/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386574,"rank":4,"type":{"id":3,"text":"Appendix"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1105/ofr20201105_appendix1.xlsx","text":"Appendix 1","size":"43.7 KB","linkFileType":{"id":3,"text":"xlsx"},"linkHelpText":"- Appendix 1. Descriptions of boreholes, well locations, and well construction at the former Naval Air Warfare Center, West Trenton, New Jersey"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -74.80979204177856,\n 40.26746805544402\n ],\n [\n -74.80759263038635,\n 40.27155298671227\n ],\n [\n -74.8130750656128,\n 40.27224060619094\n ],\n [\n -74.81433033943176,\n 40.26832763061523\n ],\n [\n -74.81412649154663,\n 40.268139343654944\n ],\n [\n -74.80979204177856,\n 40.26746805544402\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, New Jersey Water Science Center
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Integrating recent science into management decisions supports effective natural resource management and can lead to better resource outcomes. However, finding and accessing science information can be time consuming and costly. To assist in this process, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is creating a series of annotated bibliographies on topics of management concern for western lands. Previously published reports introduced a methodology for preparing annotated bibliographies to facilitate the integration of recent, peer-reviewed science into resource management decisions. Therefore, relevant text from those efforts is reproduced here to frame the presentation. Invasive annual grasses are widely distributed throughout the western United States and threaten native ecosystems by altering fire regimes, replacing native plants, and altering grazing patterns, often with tremendous associated costs. One invasive annual grass, Ventenata dubia (hereafter, ventenata), was first introduced to the United States in the 1950s and has recently been identified as a management concern. Ventenata has a wide native geographic range, from Africa to northern Europe, and could thus potentially spread widely in the United States if left unmanaged. We compiled and summarized peer-reviewed journal articles, government reports, and data products on ventenata published between January 1, 2010, and August 27, 2020. We first conducted a systematic search of three reference databases and three government databases using the search phrase: “ventenata” OR “Ventenata dubia.” We refined the initial list of products by removing (1) duplicates, (2) products not written in English, (3) publications that were not focused in North America, (4) publications that were not published as research, data products, or scientific review articles in peer-reviewed journals or as formal technical reports, and (5) products for which ventenata was not a research focus or for which the study did not present new data or findings about ventenata. We summarized each product using a consistent structure (background, objectives, methods, location, findings, and implications) and identified the management topics (for example, species and population characteristics, habitat, control and management efforts) addressed by each product. We also noted which publications included new geospatial data. The review process for this annotated bibliography included an initial internal colleague review of each summary, requesting input on each summary from an author of the original publication, and a formal peer review. Our initial searches resulted in 505 total products, of which 29 met our criteria for inclusion. Nonnative invasive plants; weed management; behavior or demographics; dispersal, spread, vectors and pathways; site-scale habitat characteristics; survival; and weed management subtopic: herbicides were the management topics most commonly addressed. The online version of this annotated bibliography will be searchable by topic, location, and year; it will also include links to each original publication, where available. The studies compiled and summarized here may inform planning and management actions that seek to maintain and restore landscapes and control nonnative invasive species across the western United States.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211031","usgsCitation":"Poor, E.E., Kleist, N.J., Bencin, H.L., Foster, A.C., and Carter, S.K., 2021, Annotated bibliography of scientific research on Ventenata dubia published from 2010 to 2020: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1031, 26 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211031.","productDescription":"iv, 26 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121527","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386678,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1031/ofr20211031.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.24 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1031"},{"id":386677,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1031/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Fort Collins Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
2150 Centre Ave., Building C
Fort Collins, CO 80526-8118
Geochemical data are presented for more than 1,500 archived stream-sediment samples and accompanying quality control samples. The archived sediments were reanalyzed to improve the stream geochemical dataset for Alaska and to support ongoing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) studies. Sediment samples were primarily from the USGS Mineral Resources Program’s sample archive in Denver, Colorado, but a few were from the Alaska Geological & Geophysical Surveys’ Geologic Materials Center in Anchorage, Alaska. All samples were submitted to the USGS contract laboratory, AGAT Laboratories, for analysis. All samples were analyzed using a 60-element analytical method involving fusion of the sample by sodium peroxide, dissolution of the fusion cake by nitric acid, and elemental analysis by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. Additionally, 106 samples from the Nixon Fork area were analyzed by a second multi-element method involving decomposition by a mixture of hydrochloric, nitric, perchloric, and hydrofluoric acids and the elemental analysis of the resulting solution by inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectroscopy and inductively coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The latter method was used because the detection limit is lower for several elements including As, Cd, Pb, and Sb. Mercury concentrations in 296 samples from southeast Alaska were determined using a cold-vapor atomic absorption spectrometry method. The concentration data from the archived samples are presented along with concentration data from the standard reference material that was submitted with the samples.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211058","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Case, G.N.D., Granitto, M., Labay, K.A., Shew, N.B., Ingraham, A.D., Bueghly, Z.C., Azain, J.S., Karl, S.M., and Kelley, K.D., 2021, Chemical analysis of archived stream-sediment samples, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1058, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211058.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 13 p.; 2 Tables; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-118502","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386720,"rank":4,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1058/ofr20211058_table1.2.csv","text":"Table 1.2","size":"87 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2021-1058 table 1.2"},{"id":386719,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1058/ofr20211058_table1.1.csv","text":"Table 1.1","size":"691 KB","linkFileType":{"id":7,"text":"csv"},"description":"OFR 2021-1058 table 1.1"},{"id":386718,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1058/ofr20211058.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1058"},{"id":386717,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1058/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386721,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FR1D6Y","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data 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Alaska Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
4210 University Drive
Anchorage, Alaska 99508
The handbooks and synchronized MP4 recordings provide hands-on instruction for creating and analyzing vegetation live fractional cover (LFC) maps. The methods and protocols used in the instruction materials follow those developed and recorded in Rangoonwala and Ramsey (2019). The LFC mapping and geographic information system (GIS) analyses highlight the consortium of rangeland conservancies covering the semiarid central region of Kenya (approximately 44,000 square kilometers).
The instruction materials are separated into two parts: processing and map-product creation based on remote-sensing images and GIS analyses of the created maps for rangeland management. The image processing is conducted using the advanced and professional software package SeNtinels Application Platform (SNAP) that is supported and maintained by the European Space Agency. SNAP is a free image analyses software package available for download. It is largely icon driven but offers simple to advanced program inserts and batch processing. The GIS analyses are conducted using the software package Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS), another free and downloadable software. QGIS is compatible with numerous software, including the Esri suite of ArcGIS software and database structure. The image data includes both high-spatial-resolution Sentinel-2 optical data and Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR). Both datasets are freely available via a public portal that is maintained by the European Space Agency.
The image-processing instruction handbook covers all aspects of acquiring and processing satellite-image data and importing vector-data sources into SNAP. The GIS analysis handbook covers final creation of map products from the maps created in SNAP and creation of GIS procedures in QGIS that are needed to manage the rangeland resources for wildlife and pastoral grazing. Although focused on the Kenyan conservancies and their semiarid environment, the processing methods and procedures are applicable for similar environments and management, and to a large part, even for integrated mapping and GIS functionality of any managed landscape resource.
The instruction handbooks are synchronized to MP4 training videos created with U.S. Geological Survey-licensed Camtasia 9 software.
The workbook and MP4 video combinations are suitable for a single user or a workshop setting.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211001","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Agency for International Development","usgsCitation":"Rangoonwala, A., and Ramsey, E., III, 2021, Grassland live fractional cover map creation and Geographic Information System (GIS) analysis for rangeland management supporting Kenya Northern Rangelands Trust Conservancies: U.S. Geological Survey Report 2021–1001, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211001.","productDescription":"Report: v, 59 p.; 2 Companion Files","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-119513","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386330,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386331,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/ofr20211001.pdf","text":"Report","size":"5.35 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1001"},{"id":386397,"rank":3,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/ofr20211001_SNAP_video/ofr20211001_SNAP_video_player.html","text":"Section I—SNAP Video Player","linkHelpText":"— SeNtinels Application Platform (SNAP)"},{"id":386334,"rank":4,"type":{"id":2,"text":"Additional Report Piece"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/ofr20211001_QGIS_video/ofr20211001_QGIS_video_player.html","text":"Section II—QGIS Video Player","description":"OFR 2021–1001 Video Player","linkHelpText":"— Quantum Geographic Information System (QGIS)"},{"id":386578,"rank":5,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/ofr20211001_SNAP_video/","text":"Section I—SNAP package"},{"id":391246,"rank":7,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/ofr20211001_QGIS_shapefile","text":"Section II—QGIS Shapefiles"},{"id":386579,"rank":6,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1001/ofr20211001_QGIS_video/","text":"Section II—QGIS package"}],"country":"Kenya","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[40.993,-0.85829],[41.58513,-1.68325],[40.88477,-2.08255],[40.63785,-2.49979],[40.26304,-2.57309],[40.12119,-3.27768],[39.80006,-3.68116],[39.60489,-4.34653],[39.20222,-4.67677],[37.7669,-3.67712],[37.69869,-3.09699],[34.07262,-1.05982],[33.90371,-0.95],[33.89357,0.10981],[34.18,0.515],[34.6721,1.17694],[35.03599,1.90584],[34.59607,3.05374],[34.47913,3.5556],[34.005,4.24988],[34.6202,4.84712],[35.29801,5.506],[35.81745,5.33823],[35.81745,4.77697],[36.15908,4.44786],[36.85509,4.44786],[38.12091,3.59861],[38.43697,3.58851],[38.67114,3.61607],[38.89251,3.50074],[39.55938,3.42206],[39.85494,3.83879],[40.76848,4.25702],[41.1718,3.91909],[41.85508,3.91891],[40.98105,2.78452],[40.993,-0.85829]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Kenya\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, Louisiana 70506
The value of national coal deposits is determined for the Solid Fuel Energy Resources Assessment and Research Project through economic evaluations using hypothetical mining models. Deposits near the surface are evaluated with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) surface-mining model, which is patterned after the standard mining techniques and infrastructures of commercial mining projects. The USGS surface-mining model uses these commercial mining project techniques as guides to develop a quantitative measurement to distinguish between potential recoverable resources and reserves by comparing total project cost and market value.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211059","usgsCitation":"Pierce, P.E., 2021, Surface-mining modeling for USGS coal assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1059, 13 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211059.","productDescription":"iv, 13 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117620","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386474,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1059/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386475,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1059/ofr20211059.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1059"}],"contact":"Director, Central Energy Resources Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
Box 25046, MS-939
Denver, CO 80225-0046
Controlling range expansion of invasive carp (specifically Hypophthalmichthys spp.) on the Tennessee River is important to conserve the ecological and economic benefits provided by the river. We collaborated with State and Federal agencies (the stakeholder group) to develop a decision framework and decision support model to evaluate strategies to control carp expansion in the Tennessee River. Using this decision framework, we assessed the efficacy of various barrier strategies (technologies and locations) on reducing bigheaded carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis [bighead carp] and Hypophthalmichthys molitrix [silver carp]) relative abundance under different patterns and magnitudes of population growth and movement. We also assessed whether or not these strategies induced tradeoffs between reducing bigheaded carp relative abundance and other considerations for public satisfaction, effects on lock operation, and native species. For the purpose of comparing options to control carp in a quantitative framework, we codeveloped a carp population dynamics model with the stakeholder group. We then used the model to compare invasive carp management options within the Tennessee River system. The actions we considered included barrier placement at lock and dam systems and targeted removal through harvest, which were believed to impede upstream carp spread and establishment. To account for the uncertainty in carp population growth and movement rates, the group developed four population models that varied in the underlying population dynamics and population growth rates. The models affected population growth through either the stock-recruitment relation or intrinsic density-dependent growth rate. We then tasked the stakeholder group to test various strategies using the model. We then developed a more formal optimization framework and solved for strategies that performed well under scenarios of barrier effectiveness, movement rate, recruitment frequency, fishing mortality, and variation in population growth rate. The results of our qualitative and quantitative analyses indicated that strategies designed to first protect reservoirs just above the leading edge of carp invasion by installing barriers and removing fish below that point would perform best; however, this depended on barrier effectiveness. When barrier effectiveness was high, simply cutting off the presumed source of carp and blocking the leading the edge was enough to stop carp invasion; however, lower effectiveness meant that more barriers would be needed to slow, but not completely stop, carp invasion. We discuss what these findings mean in terms of future monitoring and management efforts to reduce the potential for expanding carp invasion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211068","programNote":"Biological Threats Research Program","usgsCitation":"Post van der Burg, M., Smith, D.R., Cupp, A.R., Rogers, M.W., and Chapman, D.C., 2021, Decision analysis of barrier placement and targeted removal to control invasive carp in the Tennessee River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1068, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211068.","productDescription":"vi, 18 p.","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129842","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":606,"text":"Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":50464,"text":"Eastern Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386492,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1068/coverthb2.jpg"},{"id":386493,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1068/ofr20211068.pdf","text":"Report","size":"979 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1068"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kentucky","otherGeospatial":"Tennessee River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 37.01132594307015\n ],\n [\n -87.12158203125,\n 37.42252593456307\n ],\n [\n -85.111083984375,\n 38.212288054388175\n ],\n [\n -84.13330078125,\n 38.74551518488265\n ],\n [\n -84.48486328124999,\n 39.036252959636606\n ],\n [\n -85.078125,\n 39.13006024213511\n ],\n [\n -85.97900390625,\n 38.98503278695909\n ],\n [\n -87.022705078125,\n 38.54816542304656\n ],\n [\n -87.945556640625,\n 38.24680876017446\n ],\n [\n -88.72558593749999,\n 37.70120736474139\n ],\n [\n -88.78051757812499,\n 37.32648861334206\n ],\n [\n -88.472900390625,\n 36.99377838872517\n ],\n [\n -88.516845703125,\n 37.01132594307015\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8711 37th Street Southeast
Jamestown, ND 58401
Structure from motion (SFM) has become an integral technique in coastal change assessment; the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) used Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition photogrammetry software to develop a workflow that processes coastline aerial imagery collected in response to storms since Hurricane Florence in 2018. This report details step-by-step instructions to create three-dimensional (3D) spatial products from both singular and repeated collections of shoreline aerial imagery. The products can be used for real-time hazard guidance and future forecasting and recovery endeavors.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211039","usgsCitation":"Over, J.R., Ritchie, A.C., Kranenburg, C.J., Brown, J.A., Buscombe, D., Noble, T., Sherwood, C.R., Warrick, J.A., and Wernette, P.A., 2021, Processing coastal imagery with Agisoft Metashape Professional Edition, version 1.6—Structure from motion workflow documentation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1039, 46 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211039.","productDescription":"viii, 46","numberOfPages":"46","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-121963","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":436312,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9DGS5B9","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Agisoft Metashape/Photoscan Automated Image Alignment and Error Reduction version 2.0"},{"id":436311,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9ISFCVN","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial Imagery of the North Carolina Coast: 2020-02-08 to 2020-02-09"},{"id":436310,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P99TL46N","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Aerial Imagery of the North Carolina Coast: 2019-11-26"},{"id":386455,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1039/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386456,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1039/ofr20211039.pdf","text":"Report","size":"31.5 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1039"}],"contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543–1598
508–548–8700 or 508–457–2200
This final report summarizes activities, outcomes, and lessons learned from a 3-year project titled “Climate Change Adaptation for Coastal National Wildlife Refuges” with the Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge (NWR) and local partners in the surrounding South Carolina Lowcountry. The Lowcountry is classified as the 10-county area encompassing the coastal plain of South Carolina (this report specifically focuses on Berkeley, Charleston, and Georgetown Counties). The goals of this work, sponsored by the U.S. Geological Survey’s Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center (SECASC), were to foster active engagement with stakeholders; to develop a comprehensive definition of adaptation problems faced by agencies, organizations, and individuals near the Cape Romain NWR that accounts for global change, local values, knowledge and perceptions; and to encourage social learning and building of effective networks and trust across South Carolina Lowcountry organizations and individuals. Although project scoping began at the scale of the Atlantic seaboard, by engaging with NWRs from Massachusetts to Florida, participating refuge personnel eventually selected the Cape Romain NWR to serve as a case study for testing our goals. The Cape Romain Partnership for Coastal Conservation was established to address global change impacts at a regional level and includes representation from Federal and State resource agencies, local conservation nongovernmental organizations, and organizations representing underserved community interests. Research topics, originating from discussions with Cape Romain Partnership for Coastal Conservation members, focused on quantifying key drivers of change including localized sea-level rise (SLR) predictions, estimates of coastal hurricane inundation as amplified by SLR, and urban growth trends and forecasts. These key drivers provided a foundation to engage stakeholders in planning exercises to begin a process of collective understanding and collaborative decision making. The goal of this process was to develop collective strategies of adaptation to enhance community and ecosystem resilience in the South Carolina Lowcountry.
South Carolina’s Lowcountry is experiencing rapid environmental and social transformation because of SLR rates approaching twice the global average, chronic tidal flooding and catastrophic storm surges, erosion and loss of habitats that provide essential services to wildlife and humans, and increasing social polarization fueled by aggressive low-density urban growth and other forms of land conversion. To support characterizations of plausible future scenarios, we used available or, in some cases, developed new models to project future conditions of key environmental and social-economic drivers. Because of the imprecision of mean global SLR projections, the SECASC commissioned a climatological study to account for local conditions and multiple representative concentration pathways to project a tailored distribution of future sea levels. These projections were matched to SLR scenarios provided by existing models to anticipate the range of future coastal habitat changes in the South Carolina Lowcountry. SLR scenarios were also incorporated into existing storm-surge models, which do not account for alternate baseline sea levels, to project the local effects of future hurricanes. To evaluate the extent and effects of population growth and urban expansion, we relied on an existing urban-growth model to map the spatial distribution of land-conversion probabilities, the total area of which is predicted to increase twofold to threefold over the next 60 years. In addition to this simplified model, an econometric model is in development to account for nonlinear feedback dynamics in land value, land use, and ecosystem service production. Although not yet completed, the goals of this model are to produce more-detailed projections of growth dynamics and to allow predictions of development patterns resulting from alternate land-use planning policies and incentives.
Collaborative planning for an uncertain future requires more than providing decision makers with information on future physical and ecological conditions; developing effective and consensual strategies must also integrate sociological values, multiple cultural perspectives, and an understanding of human behavior. To support broad stakeholder engagement in integrative approaches to adaptation planning, emphasis was placed on the importance of considering differences in how individuals perceive their environment and create meaning. Because cultural frameworks form the basis for perceptions and, ultimately, the behaviors of individuals and institutions, we describe a model of human behavior and how it can be used to understand the effect of cultural complexity and variation in perception on choices, behavioral change, and long-term maintenance of behaviors. We consider a model commonly used in the field of behavioral health that accommodates variation in human perception when describing stages of behavior and the dynamics of behavioral change. Tailoring communication and engagement activities to targeted stakeholders is likely to benefit from increased understanding of behavioral change processes.
The complex nature of this problem limited the usefulness of a traditional decision-analytic approach, we explored alternative methods for engagement, collaborative learning and decision making. Recognizing that project partners and Lowcountry stakeholders may be at different stages of preparedness and interest level for modifying behavior as a function of global change, we facilitated a scenario-planning exercise to familiarize partners with this well-established approach for communicating the opportunities and threats arising under alternative, plausible futures. We developed narratives for four alternative South Carolina Lowcountry scenarios to be used in later strategic planning that focus on quantitative trends for three primary drivers with high impact and high uncertainty: manifestations of climate change, social-political shifts at a global level, and forces of local value and power structures. This scenario-planning exercise underscored the complex relation between the temporospatial scale of the production of ecological goods and services and the institutional scale at which they are managed. We then guided the partners through an assessment of the relevant strengths and weaknesses of the Cape Romain Partnership for Coastal Protection, using the threats and opportunities characterized by each scenario to understand how the partnership might respond when attempting to meet conservation and societal objectives. The partnership identified key strengths including partnership experience, outreach and technical capacities, a substantial conservation land base, and high social cohesion in the South Carolina Lowcountry. Limited communication expertise, institutional inertia, and insufficient staffing and funding were recognized as important weaknesses across the partnership. By examining and scoring combinations of internal strengths and weaknesses and external threats and opportunities, the partnership developed sets of prioritized strategies to consider in the context of a given scenario. Although we had insufficient time to examine all scenarios in detail, the intent was to identify a portfolio of strategic actions to address threats and opportunities represented in multiple plausible futures. Top-ranking strategies encompassed a range of actions that focused on strengthening the conservation community and communicating the benefits of nature (that is, ecosystem services) to leveraging partnerships to expand land protection.
This report also details the methods and preliminary results of several models developed or applied in support of this project. Two parcel-selection algorithms were used to evaluate anticipated habitat changes and patterns of urban growth to guide decisions on optimal conservation reserve design to protect habitat communities. One approach used a widely available planning software (MARXAN) to maximize conservation benefits near the Cape Romain NWR, whereas the other approach was a novel application of economic theory to account for uncertainty in future conditions and for the risks of unanticipated habitat loss. This latter model applies modern portfolio theory to estimate the risk of investing in any portfolio of land parcels (that is, candidate “reserves”) under climate-change uncertainty by quantifying the variation and spatial correlation of conservation benefits derived from each portfolio. We expanded the range of actions beyond simply whether or not to invest in a set of land parcels, an approach commonly used in spatial conservation planning, to also include consideration of divestment from currently protected lands. Such refinements allow for better accounting of system dynamics and can evaluate the benefits of flexible conservation tools such as rolling easements. Model results were conditional on a decision maker’s risk tolerance but highlighted general strategies of land conservation to increase future habitat representation beyond what is expected under the current protected land base. We built models that may help inform coastal planning by estimating salinity dynamics and the performance of oyster reef restoration efforts to predict the combined effects of global change and management of freshwater flows on coastal habitats and the processes that contribute to their resilience. These models can support restoration decisions by evaluating the expected benefits of site locations for shoreline protection and fisheries production. Lastly, we developed a spatially explicit economic model that predicts feedback dynamics among land value, land-use change, and effects on ecosystem service provision to explore zoning policies and incentives on urban growth and ecosystem services.
We summarize these efforts with insights and considerations for the Cape Romain Partnership for Coastal Protection to continue to engage stakeholders in effective adaptation planning. First, notions of place attachment (referred to as sense of place), and the role of culture in social discourse are increasingly being used to understand the complex interactions between society and the environment and how societies respond and adapt to climate change. Sense of place was a unifying theme whenever the future of the South Carolina Lowcountry was discussed. The contribution of the South Carolina Lowcountry’s environmental wealth, rich cultural heritage, and quality of life to sense of place has important implications for how adaptation planning might best be pursued. More community-based governance of the commons (in other words, natural and cultural resources held in common), in which broad stakeholder participation and power sharing are key elements, is considered important. This devolution of governance is characterized by polycentric institutions and self-organizing social networks that promote a local culture of knowledge sharing, problem solving, and learning. These so-called bridging organizations (or individuals) often provide the leadership necessary to bring together potentially disparate Government agencies and institutions, private organizations, and individuals in a collective process of problem solving. Our observations also suggest that the conservation community in the South Carolina Lowcountry views its activities as integral to the broader governance of social-ecological systems, in which responses to the forces of global change are mediated through culture, economics, and politics. Rather than directly competing with other interests, the South Carolina Lowcountry conservation community seems to embrace an interpretation of conservation in which the fundamental objective is the quality of human life rather than environmental protection.
Fundamental to the types of governance reforms described above is the notion of coproduction, in which experts and users collaborate to develop a shared body of knowledge. In this approach, scientists work with stakeholders to help frame questions, design research, and collect and analyze data. Such sustained collaborations are increasingly believed to be an effective way to produce useable (or actionable) science. The emphasis on social learning, leveraging strong social networks, coordinating and deliberating among diverse stakeholders, and applying principles of adaptive management is an essential contribution to adaptive capacity. The diverse and robust set of scientific approaches, methods to help stakeholders collaborate in effective and goal-driven planning processes, and decision tools resulting from this project hopefully will assist Cape Romain NWR and its partners prepare for climatic, ecological, and social changes over the coming decades.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211021","usgsCitation":"Eaton, M.J., Johnson, F.A., Mikels-Carrasco, J., Case, D.J., Martin, J., Stith, B., Yurek, S., Udell, B., Villegas, L., Taylor, L., Haider, Z., Charkhgard, H., and Kwon, C., 2021, Cape Romain Partnership for Coastal Protection: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1021, 158 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211021.","productDescription":"xii, 158 p.","numberOfPages":"174","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-100705","costCenters":[{"id":40926,"text":"Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386276,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1021/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386277,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1021/ofr20211021.pdf","text":"Report","size":"33.0 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1021"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Cape Romain National Wildlife Refuge","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.8431396484375,\n 32.78842902722552\n ],\n [\n -79.815673828125,\n 32.765336175015776\n ],\n [\n -79.63577270507811,\n 32.85421076375021\n ],\n [\n -79.55886840820312,\n 32.92455477363828\n ],\n [\n -79.47784423828125,\n 33.00981511270531\n ],\n [\n -79.3487548828125,\n 33.0063602132054\n ],\n [\n -79.27047729492188,\n 33.12490094278685\n ],\n [\n -79.34600830078125,\n 33.16169660598766\n ],\n [\n -79.50393676757812,\n 33.060471419708115\n ],\n [\n -79.60968017578125,\n 32.99599470276581\n ],\n [\n -79.6673583984375,\n 32.93838636388491\n ],\n [\n -79.68658447265625,\n 32.91533251206152\n ],\n [\n -79.8431396484375,\n 32.78842902722552\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
127 David Clark Labs
Raleigh, NC 27695
This U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report provides information from assessments of Earth observation sensors completed by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports are provided as independent measures of basic system performance by the Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence team by completing the geometric, radiometric, and spatial characterization. The results of these assessments are a snapshot in time.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030","usgsCitation":"Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., 2021, System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, [variously paged], https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030.","productDescription":"iii, 2 p.","numberOfPages":"10","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-129352","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386313,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/ofr20211030.pdf","text":"Report","size":"21.8 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030"},{"id":386312,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/coverthb.jpg"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
The Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) was developed to simulate the transport and dispersion of invasive carp eggs and larvae in a river. FluEgg currently (2020) supports modeling of bighead carp (Hypophthalmichthys nobilis), silver carp (H. molitrix), and grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella), with the planned addition of black carp (Mylopharyngodon piceus) once developmental data are available. FluEgg integrates the biological development of invasive carp eggs and larvae with a particle transport model that simulates the advection and dispersion of the eggs and larvae based on user-supplied one-dimensional hydraulic conditions. FluEgg can be used to evaluate the hydrodynamic suitability of a river for invasive carp spawning, to inform sampling and monitoring efforts, and to identify the most likely spawning areas of captured eggs or larvae.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211052","usgsCitation":"Domanski, M.M., LeRoy, J.Z., Berutti, M., and Jackson, P.R., 2021, Fluvial Egg Drift Simulator (FluEgg) user’s manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1052, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211052.","productDescription":"Report: vii, 30 p.; Software Release","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-120778","costCenters":[{"id":35680,"text":"Illinois-Iowa-Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386269,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1052/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386270,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1052/ofr20211052.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.08 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1052"},{"id":386273,"rank":3,"type":{"id":35,"text":"Software Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P93UCQR2","text":"USGS software release","linkHelpText":"— FluEgg"}],"contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
405 North Goodwin
Urbana, IL 61801
This report addresses system characterization of the Maxar WorldView-3 satellite and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2020. These reports present and detail the methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
WorldView-3 is a high-resolution multispectral satellite launched in 2014 by Maxar Technologies on an Atlas V launch vehicle from Vandenberg Air Force Base in California for Earth resources monitoring. WorldView-3 provides substantial technical improvements to previous WorldView satellites, including spectral bands, ground sample distance, and swath. The WorldView-3 satellite was designed and built by Lockheed Martin for Maxar Technologies using the BCP–5000 bus with the WorldView-3 Imager and the Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow sensor. The high-resolution WorldView-3 Imager is the main instrument, and the Clouds, Aerosols, Vapors, Ice, and Snow sensor provides additional data on obscurants and other atmospheric effects used in data production. More information on Maxar WorldView satellites and sensors is available within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and from the manufacturer at https://www.maxar.com/.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that WorldView-3 has a range of interior geometric performance of −0.09 (−0.07 pixel) to 0.24 meter (0.19 pixel) in band-to-band registration; an exterior geometric performance in the range of a −21.10- (−2.11 pixels) to 28.23-meter (2.82 pixels) offset in comparison to Sentinel-2; a radiometric performance in the range of −0.121 to 1.420 (offset and slope); and a spatial performance in the range of 1.2 to 1.7 pixels at full width at half maximum with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.093 to 0.185.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030I","usgsCitation":"Cantrell, S.J., Christopherson, J.B., Anderson, C., Stensaas, G.L., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Kim, M., and Park, S., 2021, System characterization report on the WorldView-3 Imager (ver. 1.1, October 2021), chap. I of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030I.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; Version History","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126804","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":391140,"rank":5,"type":{"id":25,"text":"Version History"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/versionHist.txt","text":"Version History","size":"878 B","linkFileType":{"id":2,"text":"txt"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030I Version History"},{"id":391139,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/ofr20211030i_ver1.1.pdf","text":"Report","size":"20.1 MB","description":"OFR 2021–1030I"},{"id":391138,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/images"},{"id":391137,"rank":2,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/ofr20211030i.xml"},{"id":386257,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/i/coverthb_2.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0: June 2021; Version 1.1: October 2021","contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report addresses system characterization of Gaofen-1 and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence in 2020. These reports present the detail methodology and procedures for characterization; present technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated; and provide a summary of test measurements, data retention practices, data analysis results, and conclusions.
Gaofen represents a series of Chinese high-resolution Earth observation satellites. More than 12 satellites have been launched in the Gaofen series, beginning with Gaofen-1 in 2013. Satellites within the series have varying infrared, radar, and optical imaging capabilities. The primary goal for the satellite is to provide near real-time observations for climate change monitoring, geographical mapping, precision agriculture support, environmental and resource surveying, and disaster prevention. More information on Chinese satellites and sensors is available within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and at http://www.cnsageo.com/#/detailIndex?secondIndex=2&id=3&code=8.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence System Characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that Gaofen-1 has an interior geometric performance of −0.48 meter (m) (−0.03 pixel) northing and 0.42 m (0.03 pixel) easting offset for band 1, −0.99 m (−0.06 pixel) northing and −0.38 m (−0.02 pixel) easting offset for band 2, −0.45 m (−0.03) northing and 0.83 m (0.05 pixel) easting offset for band 3, −3.20 m (−0.20 pixel) northing and 1.44 m (0.09 pixel) easting offset for band 4 in band-to-band registration. Similarly, Gaofen-1 has an exterior geometric performance of 7.50 m (0.48 pixel) easting and 109.50 m (7.30 pixels) northing offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager; a radiometric performance in the range of −0.014 to 0.149 (absolute reflective difference); and a spatial performance in the range of 1.1 to 2.0 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency in the range of 0.040 to 0.250.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030B","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Sampath, A., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., Shaw, J., Stensaas, G.L., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on the Gaofen-1, chap. B of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030B.","productDescription":"iv, 11 p.","numberOfPages":"20","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126808","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386255,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/b/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386256,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/b/ofr20211030b.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.15 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030B"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
This report addresses system characterization of the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS) and is part of a series of system characterization reports produced and delivered by the U.S. Geological Survey Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence. These reports present the methodology and procedures for characterization and the technical and operational information about the specific sensing system being evaluated. These reports also provide a description of data measurements, data retention practices, and data analysis results and provide system characterization conclusions.
In partnership with Teledyne Brown Engineering, DLR built the DESIS hyperspectral instrument, which Teledyne Brown Engineering then integrated onto its International Space Station-based imaging platform, the Multi-User System for Earth Sensing. DLR developed the processing software and, together with Innovative Imaging and Research, completes the validation and calibration of the data products. DESIS was launched in 2018, and the data are used for scientific research in atmospheric physics and Earth sciences. The DESIS sensor contributes to the scientific and commercial utilization of the International Space Station and helps to further hyperspectral remote sensing technologies for future satellites. More information on DLR satellites and sensors is included within the “2020 Joint Agency Commercial Imagery Evaluation—Remote Sensing Satellite Compendium” and at https://www.dlr.de/DE/Home/home_node.html.
The Earth Resources Observation and Science Cal/Val Center of Excellence system characterization team completed data analyses to characterize the geometric (interior and exterior), radiometric, and spatial performances. Results of these analyses indicate that DESIS has an interior geometric performance of less than a 3.30-meter (less than 0.11 pixel) root mean square error in band-to-band registration, an exterior geometric performance in the range of a 2.40- (0.08 pixel) to 17.40-meter (0.58 pixel) offset in comparison to the Landsat 8 Operational Land Imager, a radiometric performance in the range of −0.013 to 1.011 (offset and slope), and a spatial performance for band 130 of 1.5 pixels at full width at half maximum, with a modulation transfer function at a Nyquist frequency of 0.167.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211030A","usgsCitation":"Shrestha, M., Sampath, A., Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., Christopherson, J.B., Shaw, J., and Anderson, C., 2021, System characterization report on the German Aerospace Center (DLR) Earth Sensing Imaging Spectrometer (DESIS), chap. A of Ramaseri Chandra, S.N., comp., System characterization of Earth observation sensors: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1030, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211030A.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","numberOfPages":"16","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-126586","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386252,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/a/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386253,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1030/a/ofr20211030a.pdf","text":"Report","size":"13.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1030A"}],"contact":"Director, Earth Resources Observation and Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
47914 252nd Street
Sioux Falls, SD 57198
A challenge for the global economy is to meet the growing demand for commodities used in today’s advanced technologies. Critical minerals are commodities (for example, elements, compounds, minerals) deemed vital to the economic and national security of individual countries that are vulnerable to supply disruption. The national geological agencies of Australia, Canada, and the United States recently joined forces to advance understanding and foster development of critical mineral resources in their respective countries through the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative (CMMI). An initial goal of the CMMI is to fill the knowledge gap on the abundance of critical minerals in ores. To do this, the CMMI compiled modern multielement geochemical data generated by each agency on ore samples collected from historical and active mines and prospects from around the world. To identify relationships between critical minerals, deposit types, deposit environments, and mineral systems, a unified deposit classification scheme was needed. This report describes the scheme developed by the CMMI to classify the initial release of geochemical data. In 2021, the resulting database—along with basic query, statistical analysis, and display tools—will be served to the public through a web-based portal managed by Geoscience Australia. The database will enable users to trace critical minerals through mineral systems and identify individual deposits or deposit types that are potential sources of critical minerals.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211049","issn":"2331-1258","collaboration":"Prepared as part of a joint research program between the U.S. Geological Survey, Geological Survey of Canada, Geological Survey of Queensland, and Geoscience Australia","usgsCitation":"Hofstra, A., Lisitsin, V., Corriveau, L., Paradis, S., Peter, J., Lauzière, K., Lawley, C., Gadd, M., Pilote, J., Honsberger, I., Bastrakov, E., Champion, D., Czarnota, K., Doublier, M., Huston, D., Raymond, O., VanDerWielen, S., Emsbo, P., Granitto, M., and Kreiner, D., 2021, Deposit classification scheme for the Critical Minerals Mapping Initiative Global Geochemical Database: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1049, 60 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211049.","productDescription":"Report: v, 60 p.; 1 Table","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-127680","costCenters":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":386206,"rank":3,"type":{"id":27,"text":"Table"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/ofr20211049_table2.pdf","text":"Table 2—Deposit classification scheme","size":"224 kB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1049 Table 1"},{"id":386204,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386205,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1049/ofr20211049.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1049"}],"contact":"Director, Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 973, Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
On June 24, 2019, Congressman Raul Grijalva of Arizona, Chair of the House Committee on Natural Resources, sent a letter to the directors of the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the U.S. Geological Survey to request their assistance in answering questions regarding coastal sediment resource management within the Coastal Barrier Resources System as defined by the Coastal Barrier Resources Act (Public Law 97–348; 96 Stat. 1653; 16 U.S.C. 3501 et seq.). For the purposes of this response, coastal sediment resource management refers to the removal of sediment from one part of a barrier island system for placement in another part of the coastal system, for either hazard mitigation (for example, erosion or flood control) or coastal restoration (for example, expansion or restoration of beach, dune, and [or] marsh habitats). The specific topics of concern are as follows (paraphrased from Congressman Grijalva’s letter):
1. Disruption of coastal sediment supply resulting from sediment removal and placement, including the replenishment rate of removed sediments and impacts to other components of the barrier island system (discussed in sec. 3).
2. Physical and biological impacts of sediment removal and placement on benthic habitats (discussed in sec. 4).
3. Impacts of sediment removal and placement on fish and other marine species (discussed in sec. 5).
4. Changes in migratory bird nesting and foraging habitats resulting from sediment removal and placement (discussed in sec. 6).
5. Long-term impacts of sediment removal and placement on physical coastal resiliency (discussed in sec. 7).
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211062","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","programNote":"Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program and Ecosystems Mission Area","usgsCitation":"Miselis, J.L., Flocks, J.G., Zeigler, S., Passeri, D., Smith, D.R., Bourque, J., Sherwood, C.R., Smith, C.G., Ciarletta, D.J., Smith, K., Hart, K., Kazyak, D., Berlin, A., Prohaska, B., Calleson, T., and Yanchis, K., 2021, Impacts of sediment removal from and placement in coastal barrier island systems: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1062, 94 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211062.","productDescription":"viii, 94 p.","numberOfPages":"106","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-125418","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":485919,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_111412.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":386003,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1062/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":386004,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1062/ofr20211062.pdf","text":"Report","size":"9.23 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1062"},{"id":386005,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1062/images"}],"contact":"Program Coordinator, Coastal and Marine Hazards and Resources Program
U.S. Geological Survey
12201 Sunrise Valley Drive
Reston, VA 20192
Synthetic aperture radar (SAR) mapping of density as an enhancement of Phragmites australis optical live fractional cover (LFC) mapping was carried out in the lower Mississippi Delta during 2016 to 2019. Also, as part of the study, the replacement of P. australis with elephant-ear was analyzed. To that end, yearly maps from 2016 to 2019 of L-band SAR horizontal send, vertical receive (HV) data representing marsh density were produced for the lower Mississippi River Delta. The mapping indicated high local variability within broad yearly density change in P. australis marsh. LFC mapping indicated a similar pattern of broad yearly change. That overall density and LFC linear correspondence was confirmed with regressions of P. australis marsh HV-density data and optical-LFC data. Local differences reflected as high scatter in the plots. Based on those results, a combined LFC and HV-density assessment tracker of P. australis condition was developed. Major findings from the use of the trajectory tool were the high decrease in HV density from 2016 to 2017, the identification of severely degraded P. australis marsh and European P. australis marsh in some areas, and indications of linkage between the density decline from 2016 to 2017 and the elephant-ear replacement from 2018 to 2019. The trajectory tool application also indicated an inverse relationship between elephant-ear occurrence and HV-density changes from 2018 to 2019. A similar but weaker relationship was found between elephant-ear and LFC. These relationships may provide a means for early detection of replacement of P. australis marsh by elephant-ear and other unwanted plant species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211046","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Ramsey, E.W., III, and Rangoonwala, A., 2021, Synthetic aperture radar and optical mapping used to monitor change and replacement of Phragmites australis marsh in the lower Mississippi River Delta, Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1046, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211046.","productDescription":"vii, 19 p.","numberOfPages":"32","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122730","costCenters":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385955,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1046/images"},{"id":385911,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1046/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385912,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1046/ofr20211046.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.96 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1046"}],"country":"United States","state":"Louisiana","otherGeospatial":"Lower Mississippi River Delta","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 29.054969241647125\n ],\n [\n -88.97689819335938,\n 29.054969241647125\n ],\n [\n -88.97689819335938,\n 29.41208667100814\n ],\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 29.41208667100814\n ],\n [\n -89.41497802734375,\n 29.054969241647125\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
700 Cajundome Blvd.
Lafayette, Louisiana 70506
The Mississippi embayment encompasses about 100,000 square miles and covers parts of eight States. In 2016, the U.S. Geological Survey began updating previous work for a part of the embayment known as the Mississippi Alluvial Plain to support informed water use and agricultural policy in the region. Groundwater, water use, economic, and other related models are being combined with field surveys and observations to create a quantitative framework for evaluating regional groundwater withdrawals and their effects on long-term water availability in the Mississippi Alluvial Plain.
As part of this effort, the U.S. Geological Survey’s Soil-Water-Balance code (version 2.0) is being used to model potential groundwater recharge and irrigation water use, as necessary inputs to the long-term groundwater modeling efforts. The Soil-Water-Balance code is designed to estimate the distribution and timing of net infiltration leaving the root zone. Soil-Water-Balance makes use of gridded datasets of elevation, soils, land use (including specific crop types), and daily weather datasets to calculate other components of the root-zone water balance, including soil moisture, reference, actual evapotranspiration, snowfall, snowmelt, and canopy interception. Parameters on plant height and growing-season water needs are used to estimate crop-water demand and potential irrigation water use.
This report documents the initial construction, calibration, and application of a Soil-Water-Balance model of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study area for simulations running from 1915 to 2017. Further refinements of the model calibration for an expanded model area are planned.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211008","programNote":"Water Availability and Use Science Program","usgsCitation":"Westenbroek, S.M., Nielsen, M.G., and Ladd, D.E., 2021, Initial estimates of net infiltration and irrigation from a soil-water-balance model of the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study Area: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021-1008, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211008.","productDescription":"Report: v, 29 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"40","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108908","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385921,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9U484X5","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"OFR 2021–1008 MODEL OUTPUT—Soil-Water-Balance net infiltration and irrigation water use output datasets for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 1915 to 2018"},{"id":385920,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P98PBR8O","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"OFR 2021–1008 MODEL ARCHIVE—Soil-Water-Balance model developed to simulate net infiltration and irrigation water use for the Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer System, 1915 to 2018"},{"id":385919,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1008/ofr20211008.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.6 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1008"},{"id":385918,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1008/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"Mississippi Embayment Regional Aquifer Study Area","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ],\n [\n -90.4833984375,\n 36.527294814546245\n ],\n [\n -91.2744140625,\n 35.71083783530009\n ],\n [\n -91.7138671875,\n 35.31736632923788\n ],\n [\n -92.4169921875,\n 35.02999636902566\n ],\n [\n -93.3837890625,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -94.0869140625,\n 33.578014746143985\n ],\n [\n -94.1748046875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -93.6474609375,\n 31.690781806136822\n ],\n [\n -92.94433593749999,\n 31.50362930577303\n ],\n [\n -91.93359375,\n 31.42866311735861\n ],\n [\n -91.14257812499999,\n 31.541089879585808\n ],\n [\n -89.7802734375,\n 31.316101383495624\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 30.86451022625836\n ],\n [\n -87.3193359375,\n 31.203404950917395\n ],\n [\n -87.5390625,\n 31.80289258670676\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 32.69486597787505\n ],\n [\n -88.505859375,\n 33.8339199536547\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 34.59704151614417\n ],\n [\n -88.3740234375,\n 35.60371874069731\n ],\n [\n -88.5498046875,\n 36.94989178681327\n ],\n [\n -89.6044921875,\n 37.16031654673677\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Upper Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
8505 Research Way
Middleton, WI 53562
The Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa is the only federally recognized Tribe in the State of Iowa and is commonly known as the Meskwaki Nation. The Tribe owns more than 8,100 acres, referred to as the “Meskwaki Settlement.” The Meskwaki Settlement uses a well field that withdraws water from the Iowa River alluvial aquifer (IRAA) to supply drinking water to members of the Tribe. Increased severity and timing of flooding and drought conditions, coupled with water-quality concerns in the Iowa River, have prompted the Meskwaki Nation to start identifying tools to provide a better understanding of how extreme climate events (changes in streamflow, flood frequency, and magnitude and persistence of drought conditions), increasing water-supply demands, and groundwater storage depletion will affect water availability in the IRAA.
From June 2017 through September 2020, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Meskwaki Nation, collected continuous and discrete groundwater level data from 11 wells in a U.S. Geological Survey monitoring-well network. Groundwater level data collected at these wells were assessed with daily precipitation data and compared to changes in stream level elevations and daily groundwater withdrawals to determine how these changes affect groundwater-table elevations. Results from this study could be used to guide the development of a conceptual model for groundwater flow and a groundwater flow model for the IRAA to quantify and forecast the effect of groundwater withdrawals, Iowa River streamflow, and local precipitation on the water table in the IRAA.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sac and Fox Tribe of the Mississippi in Iowa","usgsCitation":"Gruhn, L.R., and Haj, A.E., 2021, Effect of groundwater withdrawals, river stage, and precipitation on water-table elevations in the Iowa River alluvial aquifer near Tama, Iowa, 2017–20: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1019, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211019.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 11 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"22","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-124518","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385788,"rank":5,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/images"},{"id":385789,"rank":6,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/ofr20211019.XML"},{"id":385680,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385681,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1019/ofr20211019.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.92 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1019"},{"id":385682,"rank":3,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":385683,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P912FO3L","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Geospatial datasets for the flood-inundation study for the Iowa River at the Meskwaki Settlement in Iowa, 2019"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","county":"Tama County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-92.2996,42.2975],[-92.2992,42.2098],[-92.2989,42.1226],[-92.2991,42.0354],[-92.2977,41.9786],[-92.2994,41.95],[-92.299,41.8623],[-92.418,41.8625],[-92.5357,41.8621],[-92.6522,41.862],[-92.7674,41.8618],[-92.7671,41.9494],[-92.7662,42.0348],[-92.7672,42.1234],[-92.7687,42.2101],[-92.7697,42.2964],[-92.6531,42.2971],[-92.5353,42.2972],[-92.418,42.2976],[-92.2996,42.2975]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Tama\",\"state\":\"IA\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
A state-wide Geographic Information System analysis was conducted to assess prospectivity for lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) in sediment-hosted deposits in Alaska. The datasets that were utilized include publicly available geospatial datasets of lithologic, geochemical, and mineral occurrence data. Key characteristics of Pb-Zn deposits were identified in available datasets and scored with respect to relative importance. To evaluate resource potential, drainage basins of the smallest size were chosen, each of which covers approximately 100 square kilometers (km2). Drainage basins are the most logical and efficient unit for evaluation because the most regionally robust dataset comes from stream sediment geochemistry.
Sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Alaska include those contained in carbonate rocks (similar to Mississippi Valley Type or MVT deposits) and those contained in clastic-dominated (CD) sequences (CD Pb-Zn), historically referred to as SEDEX (sedimentary exhalative). The latter include the deposits currently being mined in the Red Dog district in the western Brooks Range. Host rocks for the two subtypes are distinct: carbonate versus fine-grained clastic rocks for CD Pb-Zn deposits. However, there are exceptions: some CD Pb-Zn deposits are hosted in carbonate layers within a thick clastic-dominated rock sequence. The statewide geologic map database contains units that commonly include mixed carbonate-clastic sequences that cannot be subdivided. The most significant difference between the two deposit types is their respective depositional environments and tectonic settings, but at the reconnaissance level of mapping in most areas of the state, these distinctions are not possible. Furthermore, nearly all critical geochemical parameters (silver [Ag], barium [Ba], Pb, Zn) are common to both types, and therefore it was not possible to do separate assessments for carbonate-hosted and CD Pb-Zn deposits.
Areas identified that have moderate to high potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits include the (1) western and central Brooks Range, referred to in this report as the Brooks Range zinc belt; (2) Seward Peninsula (and adjacent St. Lawrence Island); (3) Farewell terrane in Interior Alaska; (4) two spatially distinct belts in east-central Alaska; and (5) the central Alaska Range. All areas contain some known deposits, and that provides credibility to the scoring process. Some hydrologic unit codes (HUCs) that have high potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits are located adjacent to areas of known deposits and indicate the potential for expansion of known Pb-Zn districts. There are a few areas that have high potential but contain no known sediment hosted Pb-Zn occurrences, prospects, or deposits. In such areas, future investigations could be focused on better defining and constraining prospectivity with additional data.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20201147","usgsCitation":"Kelley, K.D., Graham, G.E., Labay, K.A., and Shew, N.B., 2021, GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2020−1147, 37 p., 1 app., 2 pls., scale 1:10,500,000, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20201147.","productDescription":"Report: v, 37 p.; 2 Plates: 15.41 x 15.11 inches and 15.53 x 15.17 inches; Data Release","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-105816","costCenters":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385779,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/coverthb_pamphlet.jpg"},{"id":385780,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/ofr20201147_pamphlet.pdf","text":"Report","size":"2.27 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1147 pamphlet"},{"id":385781,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/ofr20201147_plate1.pdf","text":"Plate 1—","size":"8.87 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1147 Plate 1","linkHelpText":"Estimated Resource Potential and Certainty for Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits"},{"id":385782,"rank":4,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2020/1147/ofr20201147_plate2.pdf","text":"Plate 2—","size":"7.39 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2020-1147 Plate 2","linkHelpText":"Permissive Rock Types and Known Sediment-Hosted Pb-Zn Deposits"},{"id":385783,"rank":5,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P943BUQZ","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data and results for GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for sediment-hosted Pb-Zn deposits in Alaska"},{"id":385784,"rank":6,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3133/ofr20161191","text":"USGS Open-File Report 2016-1191—","linkHelpText":"GIS-based identification of areas that have resource potential for critical minerals in six selected groups of deposit types in Alaska"}],"country":"United 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Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
MS 973, Box 25046
Denver, CO 80225
The unglaciated southeastern United States is a biodiversity hotspot, with a disproportionate amount of this biodiversity concentrated in grasslands. Like most hotspots, the Southeast is also threatened by human activities, with the total reduction of southeastern grasslands estimated as 90 percent (upwards to 100 percent for some types) and with many threats escalating today. This report summarizes the results of a multistakeholder workshop organized by the Southeastern Grasslands Initiative and the U.S. Geological Survey, held in January 2020 to provide a scientific needs assessment to help inform the Species Status Assessment (SSA) process under the U.S. Endangered Species Act, with a focus on grassland species and communities of conservation concern in the southeastern United States. This report reviews the ecology of southeastern grasslands, including influences on their origin, maintenance, and high species richness and endemism; presents findings from the workshop; and discusses science questions, hypotheses, and possibilities for future research projects to help fill key knowledge gaps.
Participants in the January 2020 workshop, representing diverse expertise in various topics in southeastern grassland ecology, were tasked with identifying major threats to grassland species in the Southeast as well as potential ways to make the SSA process more efficient and effective. An underlying assumption and starting place for workshop discussion was that an ecosystem-based approach to the SSA process is more cost-efficient than a species-by-species approach, in large part because many species with similar biological requirements can be addressed by the same actions. Nevertheless, one partner in this effort, the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, does require specific attention be given to taxa that have been petitioned for Federal listing, though as often as possible these taxa are considered alongside a larger group of priority taxa with an ecosystem approach.
For group discussions, workshop participants followed a modified “World Café” method, a structured conversational approach for knowledge sharing. Group discussions focused on five categories of threats to grassland communities and species: (1) habitat loss, fragmentation, and disruption of functional population connectivity; (2) climate change, especially changes in temperature and precipitation, including intensity and seasonality, and impacts on soil moisture, groundwater levels, and other ecosystem parameters; (3) changes to disturbance regimes, as influenced by climate and land-use change, extinctions, and human attitudes and behaviors; (4) invasive species (not limited to nonnative species); and (5) localized or subregional impacts such as sea-level rise. In addition to group discussions, workshop participants—as well as other grassland experts who were unable to attend the workshop—completed a preworkshop survey concerning challenges and opportunities for grassland conservation. Findings reported here under each of these topics represent ideas, problems, hypotheses, and questions identified by a diverse community of grassland managers and researchers which may be addressed by future research and monitoring in southeastern grassland ecosystems to help guide science-based conservation of grassland-dependent species.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211047","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Department of the Interior Southeast Climate Adaptation Science Center","usgsCitation":"Noss, R.F., Cartwright, J.M., Estes, D., Witsell, T., Elliott, K.G., Adams, D.S., Albrecht, M.A., Boyles, R., Comer, P.J., Doffitt, C., Faber-Langendoen, D., Hill, J.G., Hunter, W.C., Knapp, W.M., Marshall, M., Pyne, M., Singhurst, J.R., Tracey, C., Walck, J.L., and Weakley, A., 2021, Science needs of southeastern grassland species of conservation concern—A framework for species status assessments: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1047, 58 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211047.","productDescription":"ix, 58 p.","numberOfPages":"72","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-122270","costCenters":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385785,"rank":3,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1047/images"},{"id":385732,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1047/ofr20211047.pdf","text":"Report","size":"11.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1047"},{"id":385731,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1047/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alabama, Arkansas, Florida, Georgia, Kentucky, Louisiana, Mississippi, North Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, South 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\"}}]}","contact":"Director, Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
640 Grassmere Park Drive
Nashville, TN 37211
U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) scientists and technical staff deployed instrumented underwater platforms and buoys to collect oceanographic and atmospheric data at two sites near Matanzas Inlet, Florida, on January 24, 2018, and recovered them on April 13, 2018. Matanzas Inlet is a natural, unmaintained inlet on the Florida Atlantic coast that is well suited to study inlet and cross-shore processes. The two study sites were located offshore of the surf zone, in 9 and 15 meters of water depth, in a line perpendicular to the coast. A sea-floor platform was deployed at each site to measure ocean currents, wave motions, acoustic and optical backscatter, temperature, salinity, and pressure. The objective was to quantify the hydrodynamic forcing for sediment transport and the response to such forcing near the seabed in the vicinity of an unmaintained inlet.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211014","usgsCitation":"Martini, M.A., Montgomery, E.T., Suttles, S.E., and Warner, J.C., 2021, Summary of oceanographic and water-quality measurements offshore of Matanzas Inlet, Florida, 2018: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1014, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211014.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 21 p.; 2 Data Releases","numberOfPages":"21","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-117529","costCenters":[{"id":680,"text":"Woods Hole Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385610,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1014/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1014/ofr20211014.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1014"},{"id":385612,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9GKB537","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Oceanographic and water quality measurements in the nearshore zone at Matanzas Inlet, Florida, January–April, 2018"},{"id":385613,"rank":4,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9FKARIZ","text":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Grain-size analysis data from sediment samples in support of oceanographic and water-quality measurements in the nearshore zone of Matanzas Inlet, Florida, 2018"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","otherGeospatial":"Matanzas Inlet","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.28509521484375,\n 29.666277672570676\n ],\n [\n -81.17420196533203,\n 29.666277672570676\n ],\n [\n -81.17420196533203,\n 29.79298413547051\n ],\n [\n -81.28509521484375,\n 29.79298413547051\n ],\n [\n -81.28509521484375,\n 29.666277672570676\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
384 Woods Hole Road
Quissett Campus
Woods Hole, MA 02543
Major flooding occurred June 30–July 1, 2018, in the Fourmile Creek Basin in central Iowa after thunderstorm activity over the region. The largest recorded 24-hour precipitation total at a National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration weather station was 8.72 inches in Ankeny, Iowa, and 7.54 inches in Des Moines, Iowa. A maximum peak-of-record discharge of 10,000 cubic feet per second was recorded at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 05485605, Fourmile Creek near Ankeny, Iowa, on July 1, 2018, with an annual exceedance probability of less than 0.2 percent. A maximum peak-of-record discharge of 12,000 cubic feet per second also was recorded at U.S. Geological Survey streamgage 05485640, Fourmile Creek at Des Moines, Iowa, on July 1, 2018, with an annual exceedance-probability range of 0.5–1 percent. High-water mark elevations were surveyed at 11 locations along Fourmile Creek between State Highway 163 in Pleasant Hill, Iowa, and U.S. Route 69 near Alleman, Iowa, a distance of 21.0 river miles. The high-water marks were used to develop a flood profile for Fourmile Creek.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211044","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Iowa Department of Transportation and the Iowa Highway Research Board (Project HR–140)","usgsCitation":"O’Shea, P.S., Vegrzyn, J.C., and Barnes, K.K., 2021, Flood of June 30–July 1, 2018, in the Fourmile Creek Basin, near Ankeny, Iowa: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1044, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211044.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 18 p.; Data Release; Dataset","numberOfPages":"28","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-111452","costCenters":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385727,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385791,"rank":6,"type":{"id":34,"text":"Image Folder"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/images"},{"id":385790,"rank":5,"type":{"id":31,"text":"Publication XML"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/ofr20211044.xml"},{"id":385730,"rank":4,"type":{"id":28,"text":"Dataset"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F7P55KJN","text":"U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System database","description":"USGS Dataset","linkHelpText":"— USGS water data for the Nation"},{"id":385729,"rank":3,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9XZGOG3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS Data Release","linkHelpText":"Peak-flow frequency analysis for two selected streamgages in the Fourmile Creek Basin in central Iowa, based on data through water year 2018"},{"id":385728,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1044/ofr20211044.pdf","text":"Report","size":"1.53 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021–1044"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","city":"Ankeny","otherGeospatial":"Fourmile Creek basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -93.548583984375,\n 41.86956082699455\n ],\n [\n -93.75457763671874,\n 41.933954896061636\n ],\n [\n -93.63784790039061,\n 41.71187978193456\n ],\n [\n -93.51699829101562,\n 41.54867239252432\n ],\n [\n -93.4002685546875,\n 41.57641597789266\n ],\n [\n -93.548583984375,\n 41.86956082699455\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Central Midwest Water Science Center
U.S. Geological Survey
400 South Clinton Street, Suite 269
Iowa City, IA 52240
In collaboration with the Bureau of Reclamation, the U.S. Geological Survey began a consistent monitoring program for endangered Lost River suckers (Deltistes luxatus) and shortnose suckers (Chasmistes brevirostris) in Clear Lake Reservoir, California, in fall 2004. The program was intended to improve understanding of the Clear Lake Reservoir populations because they are important to recovery efforts for these species. We report results from the ongoing program and include sampling efforts through fall 2019. We summarize catches and passive integrated transponder (PIT) tagging efforts from trammel net sampling in the fall seasons (September–October each year) and detections of PIT-tagged suckers on remote antennas in the spring in each year from 2006 to 2019. We also combine the data from physical captures and remote detections in capture-recapture models to provide estimates of annual survival for suckers in the reservoir.
A lack of genetic distinctiveness between shortnose suckers and Klamath largescale suckers (Catostomus snyderi) in the Lost River subbasin, including Clear Lake Reservoir, is a likely cause of past difficulty in identification of these species. Field identification can be subjective for many captured individuals, and very few individuals were identified as Klamath largescale suckers in the most recent years of our monitoring program. For this report, we combine individuals that were identified as either shortnose sucker (SNS) or Klamath largescale sucker (KLS) into a single “SNS-KLS” group for most analyses. Identification of Lost River suckers (LRS) is based on external morphological characteristics.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20211043","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Hewitt, D.A., Hayes, B.S., Harris, A.C., Janney, E.C., Kelsey, C.M., Perry, R.W., and Burdick, S.M., 2021, Dynamics of endangered sucker populations in Clear Lake Reservoir, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2021–1043, 59 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20211043.","productDescription":"v, 59 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","ipdsId":"IP-108970","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":385709,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1043/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":385710,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2021/1043/ofr20211043.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.4 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 2021-1043"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Clear Lake Reservoir","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.25747680664064,\n 41.78360106648078\n ],\n [\n -121.01852416992186,\n 41.78360106648078\n ],\n [\n -121.01852416992186,\n 41.96663812286332\n ],\n [\n -121.25747680664064,\n 41.96663812286332\n ],\n [\n -121.25747680664064,\n 41.78360106648078\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","contact":"Director, Western Fisheries Research Center
U.S. Geological Survey
6505 NE 65th Street
Seattle, Washington 98115-5016