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,{"id":70038037,"text":"70038037 - 2000 - U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-08-19T14:41:37.42066","indexId":"70038037","displayToPublicDate":"2021-08-19T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":6,"text":"USGS Unnumbered Series"},"title":"U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) is an impartial scientific organization that strives to produce scientific results that are relevant to the people of the United States and their land and resource managers. USGS does not improve the quality of its customers' lives; it provides the informational tools for American Indians, Alaska Natives, and other customers to understand and improve their own lives.</p><p>In cooperation with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, the USGS conducts research on water and mineral resources, animals and plants of environmental, economic, or subsistence importance, natural hazards, and geologic resources. Digital data on cartography, mineral resources, stream flows, biota, and other data sets are available to American Indian and Alaska Native institutions. The USGS recognizes the need to learn from and share knowledge with Native peoples. This report describes most of the activities that the USGS conducted with American Indian and Alaska Native governments, educational institutions, and individuals during Federal Fiscal Year 2000. Some of these USGS activities were conducted in concert with the Bureau of Indian Affairs. Others were conducted by Tribes and the USGS.</p><p>In the year 2000, the USGS began examining its activities related to American Indians and Native Alaskans to determine how it can better serve these customers within its mandates. More Tribal governments, educational institutions, and other Tribal organizations are using geographic information systems and other digital technologies in recent years. As Tribes become more interested and more adept at managing digital information, they are seeking such data from the USGS with greater frequency. The increasing use of such technologies allows Tribal governments additional means of managing lands and resources for the benefit of current and future generations. The USGS recognizes the need to make its information available to Tribal governments, and to work with those governments and other institutions to advance data management capabilities.</p><p>The USGS is responding to this need by increasing the transfer of scientific information to American Indian and Alaska Native governments and by training employees of these governments to conduct and improve scientific studies. The USGS is also encouraging American Indians and Alaska Natives to pursue careers in science, and seeking ways to hire Indian and Native students. By identifying, improving, and disseminating information about available hiring mechanisms, the USGS is working to make hiring such students easier, and therefore more likely, for USGS managers.</p><p>The U.S. Geological Survey is the Federal science bureau within the Department of the Interior (DoI). The USGS is non-regulatory and is not a significant manager of Federal or Trust lands or assets. However, there are two types of USGS activities that do involve American Indians, Alaska Natives, and their lands. The first type of activity is the course of formal studies, conducted through existing USGS programs, that involve collection of specific types of data as well as investigative and research projects. These projects have a duration of two or three years, although a few are parts of longer-term activities. Some are funded through cooperative agreements or reimbursable accounts, from monies provided to the USGS by individual Tribal governments or by the Bureau of Indian Affairs (BIA). The USGS provides matching funds for cooperative projects. These formal projects may also receive funding from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, the Indian Health Service (part of the Department of Health and Human Services), or other Federal agencies. The USGS routinely works with its sister bureaus in the Department of the Interior to provide the scientific information and expertise needed to meet the Department's science priorities. Within this context, the USGS and the Bureau of Indian Affairs are cooperating to use USGS knowledge for the benefit of American Indian and Native peoples and their lands.</p><p>The second type of USGS activity is less formal, based on initiatives designed and conducted by USGS employees. Frequently involving educational activities, these endeavors are prompted by employee interests, often as collateral issues, that result from an individual or group of USGS employees identifying and responding to an observed need. In these activities, USGS employees help us fulfill a mission of the USGS, to make science relevant, while helping their fellow citizens. USGS employees have also taken the initiative to assist American Indians and Alaska Natives through participation in several organizations that were created to foster knowledge of science among Native peoples and to help build support and communication networks. One such group is the American Indian Science and Engineering Society (AISES). This group sponsors an annual national meeting in which USGS employees participate. USGS employees join this organization on a voluntary basis, paying the costs themselves, yet bringing the benefits of this expanded network to the USGS, as many employees do with other professional organizations.</p><p>Each part of the USGS has identified an American Indian/Alaska Native liaison. As USGS moves to a more regional organizational structure, it will establish contacts in the Western, Central, and Eastern Regions. Within the USGS, this report will help in developing outreach, educational, and program documents for use in future years. It is hoped that USGS employees, American Indians, and Alaska Natives will adapt these activities in new areas and will use the USGS contacts to expand the relevance of the USGS to more Americans.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/70038037","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2000, U.S. Geological Survey Activities Related to American Indians and Alaska Natives Fiscal Year 2000, xi, 57 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/70038037.","productDescription":"xi, 57 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":359902,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":254498,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/unnumbered/70038037/report-thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bba52e4b08c986b3280e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535180,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70159724,"text":"70159724 - 2000 - Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-20T18:35:03","indexId":"70159724","displayToPublicDate":"2015-07-14T09:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears","docAbstract":"<p>We investigated the effect of hibernation and reproductive status on changes in body mass and composition of adult female brown bears (Ursus arctos) on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska. This information is fundamental to understanding nutritional ecology of wild brown bear populations. Six adult females handled in the fall and following spring (paired samples) lost 73 &plusmn; 22 kg (x̄ &plusmn; SD; 32 &plusmn; 10%) of fall body mass over 208 &plusmn; 19 days. Of this mass loss, 56 &plusmn; 22% (55 &plusmn; 22 kg) was lipid and 44 &plusmn; 22% (43 &plusmn; 21 kg) was lean body mass. Catabolism of lipid stores accounted for 88.4 &plusmn; 8.1% of the body energy used to meet maintenance demands. Overwinter differences in body composition of adult females assessed only once in either the fall (n = 21) or spring (n = 32) were similar to those of paired samples. Relative fatness of bears entering the den was positively related to the contribution of fat (%) to body mass (P &lt; 0.01) and body energy (P &lt; 0.01) losses during hibernation. Thus, relative fatness at the onset of fasting influences the relative proportion of lipid stores and lean body mass catabolized to meet protein and energy demands during hibernation. In the spring, lone females had greater body and lean masses than females with cubs of the year or yearlings. Lipid content was greatest in lone females in the fall. Studies using body mass and composition as indices of population health should consider season or reproductive class.</p>\n<p>&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802988","usgsCitation":"Hilderbrand, G., Schwartz, C.C., Robbins, C., and Hanley, T.A., 2000, Effect of hibernation and reproductive status on body mass and condition of coastal brown bears: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 178-183, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802988.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"178","endPage":"183","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311506,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564daf4ae4b0112df6c62e0e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hilderbrand, Grant V. 0000-0002-0051-8315 ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0051-8315","contributorId":199764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hilderbrand","given":"Grant V.","email":"ghilderbrand@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":580191,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schwartz, C. C.","contributorId":120229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schwartz","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Robbins, C.T.","contributorId":58444,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Robbins","given":"C.T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hanley, Thomas A.","contributorId":36402,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanley","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70159673,"text":"70159673 - 2000 - Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-11-17T14:44:14","indexId":"70159673","displayToPublicDate":"2015-06-08T08:15:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2779,"text":"Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears","docAbstract":"<p>We analyzed 286 nucleotides of the middle portion of the mitochondrial cytochrome b gene of 61 brown bears from three locations in Alaska and 55 polar bears from Arctic Canada and Arctic Siberia to test our earlier observations of paraphyly between polar bears and brown bears as well as to test the extreme uniqueness of mitochondrial DNA types of brown bears on Admiralty, Baranof, and Chichagof (ABC) islands of southeastern Alaska. We also investigated the phylogeography of brown bears of Alaska's Kenai Peninsula in relation to other Alaskan brown bears because the former are being threatened by increased human development. We predicted that: (1) mtDNA paraphyly between brown bears and polar bears would be upheld, (2) the mtDNA uniqueness of brown bears of the ABC islands would be upheld, and (3) brown bears of the Kenai Peninsula would belong to either clade II or clade III of brown bears of our earlier studies of mtDNA. All of our predictions were upheld through the analysis of these additional samples.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elselvier","doi":"10.1006/mpev.1999.0730","usgsCitation":"Shields, G.F., Adams, D., Garner, G.W., Labelle, M., Pietsch, J., Ramsay, M., Schwartz, C., Titus, K., and Williamson, S., 2000, Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA variation in brown bears and polar bears: Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, v. 15, no. 2, p. 319-326, https://doi.org/10.1006/mpev.1999.0730.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"319","endPage":"326","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":481,"text":"Northern Rocky Mountain Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":311421,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790399907303"},{"id":311422,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, Russia, United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Admiralty Island, Banks Island, Baranof Island, Chichagof Island, Franz Josef Land, Kenai Peninsula, Manitoba, Novaya Zemlya, Siberia, Wrangel Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -315.70312499999994,\n              50.958426723359935\n            ],\n            [\n              -315.70312499999994,\n              80.76061470752451\n            ],\n            [\n              -34.80468749999999,\n              80.76061470752451\n            ],\n            [\n              -34.80468749999999,\n              50.958426723359935\n            ],\n            [\n              -315.70312499999994,\n              50.958426723359935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"15","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"564c5de3e4b0ebfbef0d3489","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Shields, Gerald F.","contributorId":149916,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Shields","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580028,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Adams, Deborah","contributorId":149917,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Adams","given":"Deborah","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580029,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Garner, Gerald W.","contributorId":149918,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Garner","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":13117,"text":"Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska Fairbanks","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580030,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Labelle, Martine","contributorId":149919,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Labelle","given":"Martine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Pietsch, Jacy","contributorId":149920,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietsch","given":"Jacy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580032,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ramsay, Malcolm","contributorId":149921,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramsay","given":"Malcolm","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":580033,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schwartz, Charles","contributorId":149922,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schwartz","given":"Charles","affiliations":[{"id":13248,"text":"University of Saskatchewan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580034,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Titus, Kimberly","contributorId":149923,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Titus","given":"Kimberly","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580035,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Williamson, Scott","contributorId":149924,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Williamson","given":"Scott","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":7058,"text":"Alaska Department of Fish and Game","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":580036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":70022190,"text":"70022190 - 2000 - Frequency dependent <i>Lg</i> attenuation in south-central Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-23T01:01:39","indexId":"70022190","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Frequency dependent <i>Lg</i> attenuation in south-central Alaska","docAbstract":"The characteristics of seismic energy attenuation are determined using high frequency <i>Lg</i> waves from 27 crustal earthquakes, in south-central Alaska. <i>Lg</i> time-domain amplitudes are measured in five pass-bands and inverted to determine a frequency-dependent quality factor, Q(<i>f</i>), model for south-central Alaska. The inversion in this study yields the frequency-dependent quality factor, in the form of a power law: Q(<i>f</i>) = Q<sub>0</sub><i>f</i><sup>&eta;</sup> = 220(&plusmn;30) <i>f</i><sup>0.66(&plusmn;0.09)</sup> (0.75&le;<i>f</i>&le;12Hz). The results from this study are remarkably consistent with frequency dependent quality factor estimates, using local S-wave coda, in south-central Alaska. The consistency between <i>S</i>-coda Q(<i>f</i>) and <i>Lg</i> Q(<i>f</i>) enables constraints to be placed on the mechanism of crustal attenuation in south-central Alaska. For the range of frequencies considered in this study both scattering and intrinsic attenuation mechanisms likely play an equal role.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geophysical Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","doi":"10.1029/2000GL011732","issn":"00948276","usgsCitation":"McNamara, D., 2000, Frequency dependent <i>Lg</i> attenuation in south-central Alaska: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 27, no. 23, p. 3949-3952, https://doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011732.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"3949","endPage":"3952","numberOfPages":"4","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":206817,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2000GL011732"},{"id":230860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"27","issue":"23","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a13cee4b0c8380cd547ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McNamara, D.E. 0000-0001-6860-0350","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6860-0350","contributorId":52286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McNamara","given":"D.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":392664,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":5223946,"text":"5223946 - 2000 - Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-27T17:54:38.944548","indexId":"5223946","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:41","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction","docAbstract":"<p>Extensive waterfowl mortality involving thousands of ducks, geese, and swans has occurred annually at Eagle River Flats, Alaska since at least 1982. The primary agent for this mortality has been identified as white phosphorus. Although acute and subacute lethality have been described, sublethal effects are less well known. This study reports on the effects of white phosphorus on reproductive function in the mallard (<i>Anas platyrhynchos</i>) in captivity. Fertility, hatching success, teratogenicity, and egg laying frequency were examined in 70 adult female mallards who received up to 7 daily doses of 0, 0.5, 1.0, and 2.0 mg/kg of white phosphorus. Measurements of fertility and hatchability were reduced by the white phosphorus. Teratogenic effects were observed in embryos from hens dosed at all treatment levels. Egg laying frequency was reduced even at the lowest treatment level; treated hens required a greater number of days to lay a clutch of 12 eggs than control hens. After two doses at 2.0 mg/kg, all females stopped laying completely for a minimum of 10 days and laying frequency was depressed for at least 45 days. Fertility of 10 adult male mallards dosed with 1.0 mg/kg of white phosphorus did not differ from 10 controls, but plasma testosterone levels were significantly (p &lt; 0.05) reduced in the treated males 1 day after dosing ended. These results provide evidence that productivity of free-ranging mallards may be impaired if they are exposed to white phosphorus at typical field levels.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1002/etc.5620191019","usgsCitation":"Vann, S., Sparling, D.W., and Ottinger, M.A., 2000, Effects of white phosphorus on mallard reproduction: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 19, no. 10, p. 2525-2531, https://doi.org/10.1002/etc.5620191019.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"2525","endPage":"2531","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":200276,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Eagle River Flats","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -149.77798461914062,\n              61.2961315146597\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.6770477294922,\n              61.2961315146597\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.6770477294922,\n              61.328104255490025\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.77798461914062,\n              61.328104255490025\n            ],\n            [\n              -149.77798461914062,\n              61.2961315146597\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"19","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2000-10-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fb1f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vann, S.I.","contributorId":82820,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vann","given":"S.I.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340037,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sparling, D. W.","contributorId":78675,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sparling","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340036,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ottinger, M. A.","contributorId":99078,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ottinger","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":340038,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":5223885,"text":"5223885 - 2000 - Annual survival and site fidelity of Stellar's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T20:54:52.451613","indexId":"5223885","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T12:18:38","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Annual survival and site fidelity of Stellar's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula","docAbstract":"<p>Populations of Steller's eiders (<i>Polysticta stelleri</i>) molting and wintering along the Alaska Peninsula have declined since the 1960's. We captured and marked a large sample of Steller's eiders molting in 2 lagoons along the Alaska Peninsula between 1975-97. We used mark-recapture analysis techniques to estimate annual survival and movement probabilities within and among lagoons for male and female eiders. Estimates of annual survival (±SE) were 0.899 ± 0.032 for females and 0.765 ± 0.044 for males. Both sexes showed high rates of fidelity to specific molting locations (&gt;95%) within lagoons; yet we found no evidence that annual probability of survival differed among groups molting in different locations either within or among lagoons. We found weak evidence that annual survival decreased between the periods 1975-81 and 1991-97. The lower survival of males compared to females is unusual for waterfowl and may result in a female-biased sex ratio. We conclude that a decrease in adult survival may have initiated the long-term population decline. Further, a shortage of males may be limiting reproductive potential.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.2307/3802998","usgsCitation":"Flint, P.L., Petersen, M.R., Dau, C.P., Hines, J., and Nichols, J.D., 2000, Annual survival and site fidelity of Stellar's Eiders molting along the Alaska Peninsula: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 64, no. 1, p. 261-268, https://doi.org/10.2307/3802998.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"261","endPage":"268","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":201528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alaska Peninsula","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -152.75390624999997,\n              59.77852198502987\n            ],\n            [\n              -157.10449218749997,\n              59.085738569819505\n            ],\n            [\n              -158.00537109375,\n              57.77451753559619\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.4765625,\n              55.16631894125083\n            ],\n            [\n              -163.125,\n              54.41892996865827\n            ],\n            [\n              -159.08203125,\n              55.665193184436035\n            ],\n            [\n              -155.14892578125,\n              57.71588512774503\n            ],\n            [\n              -153.17138671875,\n              58.847858685739176\n            ],\n            [\n              -152.75390624999997,\n              59.77852198502987\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"64","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b827","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Flint, Paul L. 0000-0002-8758-6993 pflint@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8758-6993","contributorId":3284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Flint","given":"Paul","email":"pflint@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petersen, Margaret R. 0000-0001-6082-3189 mrpetersen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6082-3189","contributorId":167729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petersen","given":"Margaret","email":"mrpetersen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":339829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dau, Christian P.","contributorId":26185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dau","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":339826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hines, James E. jhines@usgs.gov","contributorId":3506,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hines","given":"James E.","email":"jhines@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, James D. 0000-0002-7631-2890 jnichols@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-2890","contributorId":140652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"James","email":"jnichols@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":339825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31539,"text":"ofr00290 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file: Charley River quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T17:46:32.526375","indexId":"ofr00290","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-290","title":"Alaska resource data file: Charley River quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00290","usgsCitation":"Cameron, C.E., 2000, Alaska resource data file: Charley River quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-290, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00290.","productDescription":"89 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":400182,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37209.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2723,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":160215,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":486303,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0290/ofr00290.pdf","text":"Report","size":"410 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-290"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Charley River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -144,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -141,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -144,\n              65\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6834aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cameron, C. E.","contributorId":106168,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cameron","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206339,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31541,"text":"ofr00357 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file: Chandalar quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T17:42:48.385475","indexId":"ofr00357","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-357","title":"Alaska resource data file: Chandalar quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00357","usgsCitation":"Britton, J., 2000, Alaska resource data file: Chandalar quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-357, 248 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00357.","productDescription":"248 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486304,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0357/ofr00357.pdf","text":"Report","size":"909 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-357"},{"id":160217,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400180,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37213.htm"},{"id":2725,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chandalar quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              68\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6834a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, Joe","contributorId":90789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Joe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206341,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31538,"text":"ofr00289 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file: Kantishna River quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T17:36:54.910454","indexId":"ofr00289","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-289","title":"Alaska resource data file: Kantishna River quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00289","usgsCitation":"Rombach, C., 2000, Alaska resource data file: Kantishna River quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-289, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00289.","productDescription":"22 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486300,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0289/ofr00289.pdf","text":"Report","size":"169 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-289"},{"id":160196,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2722,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":389225,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_50576.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Kantishna River quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              64\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              65\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              64\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683486","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rombach, C.S.","contributorId":52228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rombach","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206338,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31537,"text":"ofr00130 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file, Chignik quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-03-27T16:18:13.309571","indexId":"ofr00130","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-130","title":"Alaska resource data file, Chignik quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>Descriptions of the mineral occurrences can be found in the report. See U.S. Geological Survey (1996) for a description of the information content of each field in the records. The data presented here are maintained as part of a statewide database on mines, prospects and mineral occurrences throughout Alaska.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00130","usgsCitation":"Pilcher, S.H., 2000, Alaska resource data file, Chignik quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-130, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00130.","productDescription":"52 p.","numberOfPages":"53","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":483953,"rank":5,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281182,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":281173,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281174,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0130/pdf/of00-130.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":388961,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37208.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"250000","country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Chignik quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -160.533,56.0 ], [ -160.533,57.0 ], [ -158.0,57.0 ], [ -158.0,56.0 ], [ -160.533,56.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae2e4b07f02db688d99","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pilcher, Steven H.","contributorId":29852,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pilcher","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206337,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31540,"text":"ofr00291 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file: Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-21T17:35:38.100974","indexId":"ofr00291","displayToPublicDate":"2002-04-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-291","title":"Alaska resource data file: Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00291","usgsCitation":"Britton, J., 2000, Alaska resource data file: Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-291, 71 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00291.","productDescription":"71 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":486299,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0291/ofr00291.pdf","text":"Report","size":"364 KB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"OFR 00-291"},{"id":160216,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":400108,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37210.htm"},{"id":2724,"rank":3,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Philip Smith Mountains quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -150,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              69\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              68\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683495","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, Joe","contributorId":90789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Joe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206340,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31457,"text":"ofr00489 - 2000 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Katmai volcanic cluster, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-04T14:37:53","indexId":"ofr00489","displayToPublicDate":"2002-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-489","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Katmai volcanic cluster, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>The world’s largest volcanic eruption of the 20th century broke out at Novarupta (fig. 1) in June 1912, filling with hot ash what came to be called the Valley of Ten Thousand Smokes and spreading downwind more fallout than all other historical Alaskan eruptions combined. Although almost all the magma vented at Novarupta, most of it had been stored beneath Mount Katmai 10 km away, which collapsed during the eruption. Airborne ash from the 3-day event blanketed all of southern Alaska, and its gritty fallout was reported as far away as Dawson, Ketchikan, and Puget Sound (fig. 21). Volcanic dust and sulfurous aerosol were detected within days over Wisconsin and Virginia; within 2 weeks over California, Europe, and North Africa; and in latter-day ice cores recently drilled on the Greenland ice cap.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>There were no aircraft in Alaska in 1912—fortunately! Corrosive acid aerosols damage aircraft, and ingestion of volcanic ash can cause abrupt jet-engine failure. Today, more than 200 flights a day transport 20,000 people and a fortune in cargo within range of dozens of restless volcanoes in the North Pacific. Air routes from the Far East to Europe and North America pass over and near Alaska, many flights refueling in Anchorage. Had this been so in 1912, every airport from Dillingham to Dawson and from Fairbanks to Seattle would have been enveloped in ash, leaving pilots no safe option but to turn back or find refuge at an Aleutian airstrip west of the ash cloud. Downwind dust and aerosol could have disrupted air traffic anywhere within a broad swath across Canada and the Midwest, perhaps even to the Atlantic coast.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>The great eruption of 1912 focused scientific attention on Novarupta, and subsequent research there has taught us much about the processes and hazards associated with such large explosive events (Fierstein and Hildreth, 1992). Moreover, work in the last decade has identified no fewer than 20 discrete volcanic vents within 15 km of Novarupta (Hildreth and others, 1999, 2000, 2001; Hildreth and Fierstein, 2000), only half of which had been named previously—the four stratovolcanoes Mounts Katmai, Mageik, Martin, and Griggs; the cone cluster called Trident Volcano; Snowy Mountain; and the three lava domes Novarupta, Mount Cerberus, and Falling Mountain. The most recent eruptions were from Trident Volcano (1953–74), but there have been at least eight other, probably larger, explosive events from the volcanoes of this area in the past 10,000 years. This report summarizes what has been learned about the volcanic histories and styles of eruption of all these volcanoes.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>Many large earthquakes occurred before and during the 1912 eruption, and the cluster of Katmai volcanoes remains seismically active. Because we expect an increase in seismicity before eruptions, seismic monitoring efforts to detect volcanic unrest and procedures for eruption notification and dissemination of information are included in this report. Most at risk from future eruptions of the Katmai volcanic cluster are (1) air-traffic corridors of the North Pacific, including those approaching Anchorage, one of the Pacific’s busiest international airports, (2) several regional airports and military air bases, (3) fisheries and navigation on the Naknek Lake system and Shelikof Strait, (4) pristine wildlife habitat, particularly that of the Alaskan brown bear, and (5) tourist facilities in and near Katmai National Park.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00489","usgsCitation":"Fierstein, J., and Hildreth, W., 2000, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for the Katmai volcanic cluster, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-489, 50 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00489.","productDescription":"50 p.","numberOfPages":"59","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160030,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr00489.jpg"},{"id":2598,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0489/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281971,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0489/pdf/of00-489.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Alagogshak;Alaska Peninsula;Falling Mountain;Mount Cerberus;Mount Griggs;Mount Katmai;Mount Mageik;Mount Martin;Naknek Lake;Novarupta;Shelikof Strait;Snowy Mountain;Trident Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -169.98,53.98 ], [ -169.98,62.02 ], [ -148.93,62.02 ], [ -148.93,53.98 ], [ -169.98,53.98 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669212","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fierstein, Judy","contributorId":88337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fierstein","given":"Judy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206044,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hildreth, Wes","contributorId":15996,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hildreth","given":"Wes","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":206043,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70187867,"text":"70187867 - 2000 - Ecology and demographics of Pacific sand lance, <i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i> Pallas, in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-11T16:23:34","indexId":"70187867","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":9,"text":"Other Report"},"title":"Ecology and demographics of Pacific sand lance, <i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i> Pallas, in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska ","docAbstract":"<p>Distinct sand lance populations occur within the relatively small geographic area of Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska. Marked meso-scale differences in abundance, growth, and mortality exist as a consequence of differing oceanographic regimes. Growth rate within populations (between years) was positively correlated with temperature. However, this did not extend to inter-population comparisons where differing growth rates were better correlated to marine productivity. Most sand lance reached maturity in their second year. Field observations and indices of maturity, gonad development, and ova-size distribution all indicated that sand lance spawn once each year. Sand lance spawned intertidally in late September and October on fine gravel/sandy beaches. Embryos developed over 67 days through periods of intertidal exposure and sub-freezing air temperatures. Mean dry-weight energy value of sand lance cycles seasonally, peaking in spring and early summer (20.91 kJg<sup>-1</sup> for males, 21.08 kJg<sup>-1</sup> for females), and subsequently declining by about 25% during late summer and fall (15.91 kJg<sup>-1</sup> for males, 15.74 kJg<sup>-1</sup> for females). Sand lance enter the winter with close to their minimum whole body energy content. Dry weight energy densities of juveniles increased from a minimum 16.67 kJg<sup>-1</sup> to a maximum of 19.68 kJg<sup>-1</sup> and are higher than adults in late summer. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"<i>Exxon Valdez</i> Oil Spill Trustee Council","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, AK","usgsCitation":"Robards, M.D., and Piatt, J.F., 2000, Ecology and demographics of Pacific sand lance, <i>Ammodytes hexapterus</i> Pallas, in Lower Cook Inlet, Alaska , 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":341569,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":342364,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.evostc.state.ak.us/index.cfm?FA=searchresults.projectInfo&Project_ID=611"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Lower Cook Inlet","publicComments":"Final Report: Exxon Valdez Oil Spill Restoration Project 99306","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59254a71e4b0b7ff9fb361cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Robards, Martin D.","contributorId":40148,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Robards","given":"Martin","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":695827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Piatt, John F. 0000-0002-4417-5748 jpiatt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4417-5748","contributorId":3025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Piatt","given":"John","email":"jpiatt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":117,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology WTEB","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":116,"text":"Alaska Science Center Biology MFEB","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":695828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":31198,"text":"ofr00519 - 2000 - Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-02-05T11:02:59","indexId":"ofr00519","displayToPublicDate":"2001-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"00-519","title":"Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska","docAbstract":"Aniakchak is an active volcano located on the Alaska Peninsula 670 kilometers southwest of Anchorage. The volcano consists of a dramatic, 10-kilometer-diameter, 0.5 to 1.0-kilometer-deep caldera that formed during a catastrophic eruption 3,500 years ago. Since then, at least a dozen separate vents within the caldera have erupted, often explosively, to produce lava flows and widespread tephra (ash) deposits. The most recent eruption at Aniakchak occurred in 1931 and was one of the largest explosive eruptions in Alaska in the last 100 years. Although Aniakchak volcano presently shows no signs of unrest, explosive and nonexplosive eruptions will occur in the future. Awareness of the hazards posed by future eruptions is a key factor in minimizing impact.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr00519","usgsCitation":"Neal, C., McGimsey, R.G., Miller, T.P., Riehle, J.R., and Waythomas, C.F., 2000, Preliminary volcano-hazard assessment for Aniakchak Volcano, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 00-519, Report: iv, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 32.68 x 19.44 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00519.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 35 p.; 1 Plate: 32.68 x 19.44 inches","numberOfPages":"42","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125972,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_00_519.jpg"},{"id":91873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0519/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":282006,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0519/pdf/of00-519.pdf"},{"id":282007,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0519/pdf/of00-519plate.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands;Aniakchak Volcano","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -159.0,56.5 ], [ -159.0,57.25 ], [ -157.0,57.25 ], [ -157.0,56.5 ], [ -159.0,56.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db669298","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Neal, Christina A. 0000-0002-7697-7825","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7697-7825","contributorId":82660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Neal","given":"Christina A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205304,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"McGimsey, Robert G. 0000-0001-5379-7779 mcgimsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5379-7779","contributorId":2352,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGimsey","given":"Robert","email":"mcgimsey@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205301,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Thomas P. tmiller@usgs.gov","contributorId":4183,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Thomas","email":"tmiller@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":121,"text":"Alaska Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":205302,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Riehle, James R.","contributorId":70048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Riehle","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Waythomas, Christopher F. 0000-0002-3898-272X cwaythomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3898-272X","contributorId":640,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Waythomas","given":"Christopher","email":"cwaythomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205300,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":22109,"text":"ofr00511 - 2000 - Regional geochemical results from the analyses of rock, water, soil, stream sediment, and vegetation samples : Fortymile River Watershed, east-central, Alaska, 1998 sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:07:52","indexId":"ofr00511","displayToPublicDate":"2001-11-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-511","title":"Regional geochemical results from the analyses of rock, water, soil, stream sediment, and vegetation samples : Fortymile River Watershed, east-central, Alaska, 1998 sampling","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey :\r\nBooks and Open-File Reports [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/ofr00511","issn":"0094-9140","usgsCitation":"Crock, J., Gough, L.P., Wanty, R., Day, W.C., Wang, B., Gamble, B.M., Henning, M., Brown, Z.A., and Meier, A.L., 2000, Regional geochemical results from the analyses of rock, water, soil, stream sediment, and vegetation samples : Fortymile River Watershed, east-central, Alaska, 1998 sampling (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-511, 157 p.; Online file in Microsoft Word and Excel format, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00511.","productDescription":"157 p.; Online file in Microsoft Word and Excel format","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":1446,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/ofr-00-0511/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":154771,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63502d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crock, J.G.","contributorId":58236,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crock","given":"J.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gough, L. P.","contributorId":64198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gough","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wanty, R. B. 0000-0002-2063-6423","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2063-6423","contributorId":66704,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wanty","given":"R. B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187112,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Day, W. C.","contributorId":6876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Day","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Wang, B.","contributorId":29011,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gamble, B. M.","contributorId":79485,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamble","given":"B.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187113,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Henning, M.","contributorId":108141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Henning","given":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187116,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Z. A.","contributorId":82708,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Z.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187115,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Meier, A. L.","contributorId":81480,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meier","given":"A.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":187114,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":30847,"text":"wri944093 - 2000 - Preliminary bathymetry of Shoup Basin and late Holocene changes of Shoup Glacier, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-30T12:39:45","indexId":"wri944093","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"94-4093","title":"Preliminary bathymetry of Shoup Basin and late Holocene changes of Shoup Glacier, Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Shoup Glacier is a retreating, tidewater-calving glacier in northeast Prince William Sound, Alaska. Historical records, vegetation distribution, and sediment depth in Shoup Bay indicate that the glacier reached a late Holocene maximum at the mouth of Shoup Bay prior to 1750. When first observed around 1900, the terminus was stable on a series of shallow, bedrock obstructions between Shoup Bay and Shoup Basin, 2 miles from the late Holocene maximum. Shoup Glacier receded into tidewater in 1957 and in the following 33 years retreated 1.3 miles to expose Shoup Basin, a deep (more than 350 feet) basin with virtually no sediment accumulation. Shoup Glacier is expected to stabilize at the head of Shoup Basin shortly after the year 2000 and will not readvance if present climatic conditions continue.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Anchorage, Alaska","doi":"10.3133/wri944093","usgsCitation":"Post, A., and Viens, R., 2000, Preliminary bathymetry of Shoup Basin and late Holocene changes of Shoup Glacier, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 94-4093, 11 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri944093.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":59579,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4093/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":160268,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1994/4093/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Shoup Glacier","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -148.24951171875,\n              60.81278083236677\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.1181640625,\n              60.81278083236677\n            ],\n            [\n              -146.1181640625,\n              61.762728830472696\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.24951171875,\n              61.762728830472696\n            ],\n            [\n              -148.24951171875,\n              60.81278083236677\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6694f4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Post, Austin","contributorId":90709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"Austin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204193,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Viens, R.J.","contributorId":50566,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Viens","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":204192,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":58486,"text":"mf2335 - 2000 - Map of Distribution of Bottom Sediments on the Continental Shelf, Gulf of Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:10:11","indexId":"mf2335","displayToPublicDate":"2001-10-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":325,"text":"Miscellaneous Field Studies Map","code":"MF","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2335","title":"Map of Distribution of Bottom Sediments on the Continental Shelf, Gulf of Alaska","docAbstract":"Introduction\r\n\r\nThe U.S. Geological Survey has a long history of exploring marine geology in the Gulf of Alaska. As part of a cooperative program with other federal and state agencies, the USGS is investigating the relations between ocean-floor geology and benthic marine biohabitats. This bottom sediment map, compiled from published literature will help marine biologists develop an understanding of sea-floor geology in relation to various biological habitats.\r\n\r\nThe pattern of sea-floor sedimentation and bottom morphology in the Gulf of Alaska reflects a complex interplay of regional tectonism, glacial advances and retreats, oceanic and tidal currents, waves, storms, eustatic change, and gravity-driven processes. This map, based on numerous cruises during the period of 1970-1996, shows distribution of bottom sediments in areas of study on the continental shelf. The samples were collected with piston, box, and gravity corers, and grab samplers. The interpretations of sediment distribution are the products of sediment size analyses combined with interpretations of high-resolution seismic reflection profiles.\r\n\r\nThe sea floor was separated into several areas as follows: \r\nCook Inlet -- Hazards studies in this embayment emphasized sediment distribution, sediment dynamics, bedforms, shallow faults, and seafloor stability. Migrating mega-sandwaves, driven by strong tidal currents, influence seabed habitats and stability of the seafloor, especially near pipelines and drilling platforms. The coarseness of the bottom sediment reinforces the influence of the strong tidal currents on the seafloor habitats.\r\n\r\nKodiak Shelf -- Tectonic framework studies demonstrate the development of an accretionary wedge as the Pacific Plate underthrusts the Alaskan landmass. Seismic data across the accretionary wedge reveal anomalies indicative of fluid/gas vent sites in this segment of the continental margin. Geologic hazards research shows that movement along numerous shallow faults poses a risk to sea floor structures. Sea-floor sediment on shallow banks is eroded by seasonal wave-generated currents. The winnowing action of the large storm waves results in concentrations of gravel over broad segments of the Kodiak shelf.\r\n\r\nNortheastern Gulf of Alaska -- Tectonic framework studies demonstrate that rocks of distant origin (Yakutat terrane) are currently attached to and moving with the Pacific Plate, as it collides with and is subducted beneath southern Alaska. This collision process has led to pronounced structural deformation of the continental margin and adjacent southern Alaska. Consequences include rapidly rising mountains and high fluvial and glacial sedimentation rates on the adjacent margin and ocean floor. The northeastern Gulf of Alaska shelf also has concentrations of winnowed (lag) gravel on Tarr Bank and on the outer shelf southeast of Yakutat Bay. Between Kayak Island and Yakutat Bay the outer shelf consists of pebbly mud (diamict). This diamict is a product of glacial marine sedimentation during the Pleistocene and is present today as a relict sediment. A prograding wedge of Holocene sediment consisting of nearshore sand grading seaward into clayey silt and silty clay covers the relict pebbly mud to mid-shelf and beyond. Shelf and slope channel systems transport glacially derived sediment across the continental margin into Surveyor Channel, an abyssal fan and channel system that reaches over 1,000 km to the Aleutian Trench.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Geological Survey (U.S.)","doi":"10.3133/mf2335","isbn":"0607938544","usgsCitation":"Evans, K.R., Carlson, P.R., Hampton, M.A., Marlow, M.S., and Barnes, P.W., 2000, Map of Distribution of Bottom Sediments on the Continental Shelf, Gulf of Alaska (Online Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Miscellaneous Field Studies Map 2335, Map: 49 x 35 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/mf2335.","productDescription":"Map: 49 x 35 inches","costCenters":[{"id":647,"text":"Western Earth Surface Processes","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":181977,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":110061,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_25592.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"25592"},{"id":9531,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/mf/2000/2335/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -155,55 ], [ -155,61 ], [ -14,61 ], [ -14,55 ], [ -155,55 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Online Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db6556f0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, Kevin R.","contributorId":35724,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259434,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259436,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hampton, Monty A. mhampton@usgs.gov","contributorId":4393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hampton","given":"Monty","email":"mhampton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":259432,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Marlow, Michael S.","contributorId":72775,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marlow","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259435,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Barnes, Peter W.","contributorId":6042,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barnes","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":259433,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":21707,"text":"ofr0032 - 2000 - Physical characteristics of dungeness crab and halibut habitats in Whidbey Passage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-01-13T09:25:49","indexId":"ofr0032","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-32","title":"Physical characteristics of dungeness crab and halibut habitats in Whidbey Passage, Alaska","docAbstract":"In Glacier Bay National Park, Alaska there are ongoing studies of Dungeness Crab (Cancer magister) and Pacific Halibut (Hippoglosus stenolepis). Scientists of the United States Geological Survey (USGS) are attempting to ascertain life history, distribution, and abundance, and to determine the effects of commercial fishing in the park (Carlson et al., 1998). Statistical sampling studies suggest that seafloor characteristics and bathymetry affect the distribution, abundance and behavior of benthic species. Examples include the distribution of Dungeness crab which varies from 78 to 2012 crabs/ha in nearshore areas to depths of 18 m (O'Clair et al., 1995), and changes in halibut foraging behavior according to bottom type (Chilton et al., 1995).\n\nThis report discusses geophysical data collected within the park in 1998. The geophysical surveying done in this and previous studies will be combined with existing population and sonic-tracking data sets as well as future sediment sampling, scuba, submersible, and bottom video camera observations to better understand Dungeness crab and Pacific halibut habitat relationships.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr0032","usgsCitation":"Cochrane, G.R., Carlson, P.R., Boyle, M.E., Gabel, G.L., and Hooge, P.N., 2000, Physical characteristics of dungeness crab and halibut habitats in Whidbey Passage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-32, HTML document, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr0032.","productDescription":"HTML document","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":1156,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0032/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":153890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr0032.jpg"},{"id":280836,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0032/objectives.html"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Glacier Bay;Whidbey Passage","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -136.5574,58.3528 ], [ -136.5574,58.7471 ], [ -135.7562,58.7471 ], [ -135.7562,58.3528 ], [ -136.5574,58.3528 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680089","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cochrane, Guy R. 0000-0002-8094-4583 gcochrane@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8094-4583","contributorId":2870,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cochrane","given":"Guy","email":"gcochrane@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":185346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Paul R.","contributorId":81469,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Paul","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Boyle, Michael E.","contributorId":7963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boyle","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gabel, Gregory L.","contributorId":97763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gabel","given":"Gregory","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":185350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hooge, Philip N.","contributorId":52029,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hooge","given":"Philip","email":"","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":106,"text":"Alaska Biological Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":185348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":31164,"text":"ofr00308 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file: Beaver quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-02T22:10:58.041589","indexId":"ofr00308","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-308","title":"Alaska resource data file: Beaver quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00308","usgsCitation":"Britton, J., 2000, Alaska resource data file: Beaver quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-308, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00308.","productDescription":"10 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":405562,"rank":1,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37211.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2673,"rank":2,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":489430,"rank":4,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0308/ofr00308.pdf"},{"id":489429,"rank":3,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0308/coverthb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Beaver quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -147,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              66\n            ],\n            [\n              -150,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -147,\n              66\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db6882be","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Britton, Joe","contributorId":90789,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"Joe","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205194,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":31166,"text":"ofr00328 - 2000 - Alaska resource data file: Survey Pass quadrangle","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-06-16T17:14:14.286908","indexId":"ofr00328","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-328","title":"Alaska resource data file: Survey Pass quadrangle","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00328","usgsCitation":"Nelson, S.M., 2000, Alaska resource data file: Survey Pass quadrangle: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-328, 89 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00328.","productDescription":"89 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":161017,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0328/coverthb.jpg"},{"id":405611,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_37212.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":2674,"rank":4,"type":{"id":18,"text":"Project Site"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P96MMRFD","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":490792,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0328/ofr20000328.pdf","text":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Survey Pass quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -156,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              67\n            ],\n            [\n              -153,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              68\n            ],\n            [\n              -156,\n              67\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae0e4b07f02db688279","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, S. M.","contributorId":81853,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Nelson","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205200,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":26424,"text":"wri004227 - 2000 - Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:34","indexId":"wri004227","displayToPublicDate":"2001-09-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4227","title":"Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska","docAbstract":"The present-day channels of the Chena River and Noyes Slough in downtown Fairbanks, Alaska, were formed as sloughs of the Tanana River, and part of the flow of the Tanana River occupied these waterways. Flow in these channels was reduced after the completion of Moose Creek Dike in 1945, and flow in the Chena River was affected by regulation from the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project, which was completed in 1980. In 1981, flow in the Chena River was regulated for the first time by Moose Creek Dam, located about 20 miles upstream from Fairbanks. Constructed as part of the Chena River Lakes Flood Control Project, the dam was designed to reduce maximum flows to 12,000 cubic feet per second in downtown Fairbanks. Cross-section measurements made near the entrance to Noyes Slough show that the channel bed of the Chena River has been downcutting, thereby reducing the magnitude and duration of flow in the slough. Consequently the slough slowly is drying up. The slough provides habitat for wildlife such as ducks, beaver, and muskrat and is a fishery for anadromous and other resident species. Beavers have built 10 dams in the slough. Declining flow in the slough may endanger the remaining habitat. Residents of the community wish to restore flow in Noyes Slough to create a clean, flowing waterway during normal summer flows. The desire is to enhance the slough as a fishery and habitat for other wildlife and for recreational boating. During this study, existing and new data were compiled to determine past and present hydraulic interaction between the Chena River and Noyes Slough. The U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center River Analysis System (HECRAS) computer program was used to construct a model to use in evaluating alternatives for increasing flow in the slough. Under present conditions, the Chena must flow at about 2,400 cubic feet per second or more for flow to enter Noyes Slough. In an average year, water flows in Noyes Slough for 106 days during the open-water season, and maximum flow is about 1,050 cubic feet per second. The model was used to test a single method of increasing flow in Noyes Slough. A modified channel 40 feet wide and about 2 feet deeper within the existing slough channel was simulated by changing the cross-section geometry in the HECRAS model. The resulting model showed that flow in such a modified slough channel would begin at a flow of about 830 cubic feet per second in the Chena River and would increase to a maximum flow of about 1,440 cubic feet per second. In an average year, flow would continue for 158 days during the open-water season. Theoretically, enlarging the slough channel by lowering its bed could increase flow, but other solutions are possible. Possible obstacles to excavating the channel, such as bridges and utility crossings, and the destruction of desirable features such as beaver dams were not considered in the study. Further engineering and economic analyses would be  needed to assess the cost of excavation and future maintenance of the modified channel. A computer-modeling program such as HECRAS may provide a means for testing other solutions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Dept. of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nInformation Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004227","usgsCitation":"Burrows, R.L., Langley, D.E., and Evetts, D.M., 2000, Preliminary hydraulic analysis and implications for restoration of Noyes Slough, Fairbanks, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4227, iv, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004227.","productDescription":"iv, 32 p. :ill. (some col.), col. maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":158455,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2052,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004227","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db64960a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Burrows, Robert L.","contributorId":79473,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burrows","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Langley, Dustin E.","contributorId":91904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langley","given":"Dustin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":196364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Evetts, David M. devetts@usgs.gov","contributorId":5097,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evetts","given":"David","email":"devetts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":196362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":31170,"text":"ofr00356 - 2000 - Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-06T15:31:21.339206","indexId":"ofr00356","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-356","title":"Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington","docAbstract":"<p>The Wildcat Lake quadrangle lies in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction zone, about 20-km east of the Cascadia accretionary complex exposed in the Olympic Mountains (Tabor and Cady, 1978),and about 100-km west of the axis of the Cascades volcanic arc. The quadrangle lies near the middle of the Puget Lowland, which typically has elevations less than 600 feet (183 m), but on Gold Mountain, in the center of the quadrangle, the elevation rises to 1761 feet (537 m). This anomalously high topography also provides a glimpse of the deeper crust beneath the Lowland. Exposed on Green and Gold Mountains are rocks related to the Coast Range basalt terrane. This terrane consists of Eocene submarine and subaerial tholeiitic basalt of the Crescent Formation, which probably accreted to the continental margin in Eocene time (Snavely and others, 1968). The Coast Range basalt terrane may have originated as an oceanic plateau or by oblique marginal rifting (Babcock and others, 1992), but its subsequent emplacement history is complex (Wells and others, 1984). In southern Oregon, onlapping strata constrain the suturing to have occurred by 50 Ma; but on southern Vancouver Island where the terrane-bounding Leech River fault is exposed, Brandon and Vance (1992) concluded suturing to North America occurred in the broad interval between 42 and 24 Ma. After emplacement of the Coast Range basalt terrane, the Cascadia accretionary complex,exposed in the Olympic Mountains west of the quadrangle,developed by frontal accretion and underplating (e.g., Clowes and others, 1987). The Seattle basin, part of which lies to the north of Green Mountain, also began to develop in late Eocene time due to forced flexural subsidence along the Seattle fault zone (Johnson and others, 1994). Domal uplift of the accretionary complex beneath the Olympic Mountains occurred after approximately 18 million years ago (Brandon and others, 1998). Ice-sheet glaciation during Quaternary time reshaped the topography of the quadrangle, and approximately two-thirds of the map area is covered with Quaternary deposits related to the last glaciation. Geophysical studies and regional mapping indicate the Seattle fault lies north of Green Mountain. This fault produced a large earthquake about 1000 years ago and may pose a significant earthquake hazard (Bucknam and others, 1992; Atwater and Moore, 1992; Karlin and Abella,1992; Schuster and others, 1992; Jacoby and others, 1992). We found no evidence of Holocene faulting in the Wildcat Lake quadrangle.</p><p><br></p><p>Geologic mapping within and marginal to the quadrangle began with Willis (1898), who described glacial deposits in Puget Sound. Weaver (1937) correlated volcanic rocks in the quadrangle to the Eocene Metchosin Volcanics on Vancouver Island. Sceva (1957), Garling and Moleenar (1965), and Deeter (1978) all focused on mapping and understanding the Quaternary stratigraphy of the Kitsap Peninsula, but they also examined bedrock in the quadrangle. Reeve (1979) was the first to examine the igneous rocks on Green and Gold Mountains in some detail, and Clark (1989) significantly improved Reeve's (1979) mapping. Clark's (1989) mapping was conducted soon after extensive logging on the mountains. A surficial geologic map of the Seattle 1:100,000-scale quadrangle, which includes the Wildcat Lake 1:24,000-scale quadrangle, was published by Yount and others (1993). Yount and Gower (1991) also published a bedrock geologic map of the Seattle quadrangle. Geologic mapping for this report was conducted by Haeussler in the spring and summer of 1998 and in the winter of 1999. We could not substantially improve upon the bedrock mapping of Clark (1989) and thus it is incorporated into this map. Well data in the southeastern corner of the map area also helped to constrain the surficial mapping (Geomatrix Consultants, 1997). In addition, 1995 vintage 1:12,000-scale aerial photographs were used in mapping Quaternary deposits. Geologic time scale is that of Berggeren and others (1995).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr00356","usgsCitation":"Haeussler, P.J., and Clark, K.P., 2000, Geologic map of the Wildcat Lake 7.5' quadrangle, Kitsap and Mason Counties, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2000-356, Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 37.89 x 34.67 inches; Metadata, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr00356.","productDescription":"Report: 14 p.; 1 Plate: 37.89 x 34.67 inches; Metadata","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125447,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2000_356.jpg"},{"id":391428,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_34290.htm"},{"id":2677,"rank":5,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":281618,"rank":2,"type":{"id":7,"text":"Companion Files"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/of00-356.ps"},{"id":281617,"rank":3,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2000/0356/pdf/of00-356.pdf"}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator projection","datum":"1927 North American datum","country":"United States","state":"Washington","county":"Kitsap County, Mason County","otherGeospatial":"Gold Mountain, Olympic Mountains,  Wildcat Lake quadrangle","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.875,47.5 ], [ -122.875,47.625 ], [ -122.75,47.625 ], [ -122.75,47.5 ], [ -122.875,47.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4823e4b07f02db4e25ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Haeussler, Peter J. 0000-0002-1503-6247 pheuslr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1503-6247","contributorId":503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haeussler","given":"Peter","email":"pheuslr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":205209,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Clark, Kenneth P.","contributorId":65513,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clark","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":205210,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":30370,"text":"wri004137 - 2000 - Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri004137","displayToPublicDate":"2001-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4137","title":"Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska","docAbstract":"A combination of aqueous chemistry, isotopic measurement, and in situ tracers were used to study the possible nitrate sources, the factors contributing to the spatial distribution of nitrate, and possible septic system influence in the ground water in the Scimitar Subdivision, Municipality of Anchorage, Alaska. Two water types were distinguished on the basis of the major ion chemistry: (1) a calcium sodium carbonate water, which was associated with isotopically heavier boron and with chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's) that were in the range expected from equilibration with the atmosphere (group A water) and (2) a calcium magnesium carbonate water, which was associated with elevated nitrate, chloride, and magnesium concentrations, generally isotopically lighter boron, and CFC's concentrations that were generally in excess of that expected from equilibration with the atmosphere (group B water). Water from wells in group B had nitrate concentrations that were greater than 3 milligrams per liter, whereas those in group A had nitrate concentrations of 0.2 milligram per liter or less. Nitrate does not appear to be undergoing extensive transformation in the ground-water system and behaves as a conservative ion. The major ion chemistry trends and the presence of CFC's in excess of an atmospheric source for group B wells are consistent with waste-water influences. The spatial distribution of the nitrate among wells is likely due to the magnitude of this influence on any given well. Using an expanded data set composed of 16 wells sampled only for nitrate concentration, a significant difference in the static water level relative to bedrock was found. Well water samples with less than 1 milligram per liter nitrate had static water levels within the bedrock, whereas those samples with greater than 1 milligram per liter nitrate had static water levels near or above the top of the bedrock. This observation would be consistent with a conceptual model of a low-nitrate fractured bedrock aquifer that receives slow recharge from an overlying nitrate-enriched surficial aquifer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Department of the Interior, U.S. Geological Survey ;\r\nBranch of Information Services [distributor],","doi":"10.3133/wri004137","usgsCitation":"Wang, B., Strelakos, P.M., and Jokela, B., 2000, Nitrate source indicators in ground water of the Scimitar Subdivision, Peters Creek area, Anchorage, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4137, iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 9 illus.; 6 tables; 1 app., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004137.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.; 9 illus.; 6 tables; 1 app.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159688,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":2495,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.water.usgs.gov/wri004137","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b4762","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wang, Bronwen 0000-0003-1044-2227 bwang@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1044-2227","contributorId":2351,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wang","given":"Bronwen","email":"bwang@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":119,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geology Minerals","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":203138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Strelakos, Pat M.","contributorId":89937,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Strelakos","given":"Pat","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jokela, Brett","contributorId":43001,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jokela","given":"Brett","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":28562,"text":"wri004074 - 2000 - Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-16T05:21:37","indexId":"wri004074","displayToPublicDate":"2001-06-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2000","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2000-4074","title":"Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year","docAbstract":"<p>The 1995 measured winter snow, maximum winter snow, net, and annual balances in the Gulkana Glacier basin were evaluated on the basis of meteorological, hydrological, and glaciological data obtained in the basin. Averaged over the glacier, the measured winter snow balance was 0.94 meter on April 19, 1995, 0.6 standard deviation below the long-term average; the maximum winter snow balance, 0.94 meter, was reached on April 25, 1995; the net balance (from September 18, 1994 to August 29, 1995) was -0.70 meter, 0.76 standard deviation below the long-term average. The annual balance (October 1, 1994, to September 30, 1995) was -0.86 meter. Ice-surface motion and altitude changes measured at three index sites document seasonal ice speed and glacier-thickness changes. Annual stream runoff was 2.05 meters averaged over the basin, approximately equal to the long-term average. </p>\n<br/>\n<p>The 1976 ice-thickness data are reported from a single site near the highest measurement site (180 meters thick) and from two glacier cross profiles near the mid-glacier (270 meters thick on centerline) and low glacier (150 meters thick on centerline) measurement sites.</p>\n<br/>\n<p>A new area-altitude distribution determined from 1993 photogrammetry is reported. Area-averaged balances are reported from both the 1967 and 1993 area-altitude distribution so the reader may directly see the effect of the update. Briefly, loss of ablation area between 1967 and 1993 results in a larger weighting being applied to data from the upper glacier site and hence, increases calculated area-averaged balances. The balance increase is of the order of 15 percent for net balance.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Fairbanks, AK","doi":"10.3133/wri004074","usgsCitation":"March, R.S., 2000, Mass balance, meteorological, ice motion, surface altitude, runoff, and ice thickness data at Gulkana Glacier, Alaska, 1995 balance year: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 2000-4074, vi, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri004074.","productDescription":"vi, 33 p.","numberOfPages":"41","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":290201,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/2000/4074/report.pdf"},{"id":290202,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Gulkana Glacier","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -145.677508,63.188196 ], [ -145.677508,63.348803 ], [ -145.16527,63.348803 ], [ -145.16527,63.188196 ], [ -145.677508,63.188196 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a26e4b07f02db60fd5a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"March, Rod S. rsmarch@usgs.gov","contributorId":416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"March","given":"Rod","email":"rsmarch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":200031,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
]}