Although arsenic is highly toxic to most organisms, certain prokaryotes are known to grow on and respire toxic metalloids of arsenic (i.e., arsenate and arsenite). Two enzymes are known to be required for this arsenic-based metabolism: (i) the arsenate respiratory reductase (ArrA) and (ii) arsenite oxidase (AoxB). Both catalytic enzymes contain molybdopterin cofactors and form distinct phylogenetic clades (ArrA and AoxB) within the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase family of enzymes. Here we report on the genetic identification of a “new” type of arsenite oxidase that fills a phylogenetic gap between the ArrA and AoxB clades of arsenic metabolic enzymes. This “new” arsenite oxidase is referred to as ArxA and was identified in the genome sequence of the Mono Lake isolate Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii MLHE-1, a chemolithoautotroph that can couple arsenite oxidation to nitrate reduction. A genetic system was developed for MLHE-1 and used to show that arxA (gene locus ID mlg_0216) was required for chemoautotrophic arsenite oxidation. Transcription analysis also showed that mlg_0216 was only expressed under anaerobic conditions in the presence of arsenite. The mlg_0216 gene is referred to as arxA because of its greater homology to arrA relative to aoxB and previous reports that implicated Mlg_0216 (ArxA) of MLHE-1 in reversible arsenite oxidation and arsenate reduction in vitro. Our results and past observations support the position that ArxA is a distinct clade within the DMSO reductase family of proteins. These results raise further questions about the evolutionary relationships between arsenite oxidases (AoxB) and arsenate respiratory reductases (ArrA).
Arsenic is toxic to most organisms and is known to cause cancer in humans. However, bacteria have adapted several biotransformation pathways that function to either couple the reduction or oxidation of arsenicals to energy conservation and growth (1). The enzymologies of these two pathways have several features in common. The arsenate respiratory reductase (ArrAB) and arsenite oxidase (AoxAB) enzymes are usually composed of at least two subunits, a small iron-sulfur cluster-containing subunit (ArrB and AoxA) and a larger molybdopterin-containing catalytic subunit (ArrA and AoxB). Although they catalyze arsenic redox chemistry, ArrA and AoxB form distinct phylogenetic clades within the dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) reductase family of molybdenum-containing enzymes (16, 24).
Culture-dependent approaches have resulted in the isolation of a variety of diverse bacteria that metabolize arsenic (reviewed in reference 26). Many of these isolates have had their genomes sequenced, which has been insightful for understanding the composition and diversity of arrand aox gene clusters. In the arsenite-oxidizing nitrate reducer Alkalilimnicola ehrlichii strain MLHE-1 (a haloalkaliphile isolated from Mono Lake [CA]) (10, 15), bioinformatic analysis of its genome revealed the absence of genes homologous to the arsenite oxidase genes of the aoxBtype. Instead, two genes (mlg_0216 and mlg_2426) were identified that better resembled the catalytic subunit of the arsenate respiratory reductase (20); however, MLHE-1 has not been shown to respire (or reduce) arsenate (15). Recent work by Richey et al. (20) showed that the Mlg_0216 protein (and not Mlg_2426) was expressed under chemolithoautotrophic (10 mM arsenite and 10 mM nitrate) growth conditions. Moreover, it was shown that Mlg_0216 exhibits both arsenate reductase and arsenite oxidase activities in vitro. These observations raised the question, is the mlg_0216 gene required for arsenite oxidation in vivo? In this report, we addressed this question by developing a genetic system in MLHE-1, generating strains with mutations in mlg_0216 and mlg_2426, and physiologically characterizing the resulting strains. Our results implicate mlg_0216 in chemolithoautotrophic arsenite oxidation coupled to nitrate respiration.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Society for Microbiology","doi":"10.1128/JB.00244-10","usgsCitation":"Zargar, K., Hoeft, S.E., Oremland, R.S., and Saltikov, C.W., 2010, Identification of a novel arsenite oxidase gene, arxA, in the haloalkaliphilic, arsenite-oxidizing bacterium alkalilimnicola ehrlichii strain MLHE-1: Journal of Bacteriology, v. 192, no. 14, p. 3755-3762, https://doi.org/10.1128/JB.00244-10.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"3755","endPage":"3762","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475697,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1128/jb.00244-10","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358242,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"192","issue":"14","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6b7e4b034bf6a7f467d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zargar, Kamrun","contributorId":52446,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zargar","given":"Kamrun","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoeft, Shelley E.","contributorId":54077,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeft","given":"Shelley","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Oremland, Ronald S. 0000-0001-7382-0147 roremlan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7382-0147","contributorId":931,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oremland","given":"Ronald","email":"roremlan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Saltikov, Chad W.","contributorId":66110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Saltikov","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747718,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70248931,"text":"70248931 - 2010 - Channel geomorphic responses to disturbances assessed using streamgage information","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-26T15:50:23.119873","indexId":"70248931","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T10:34:32","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Channel geomorphic responses to disturbances assessed using streamgage information","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada, United States","language":"English","publisher":"Advisory Committee on Water Information","usgsCitation":"Juracek, K.E., and Bowen, M.W., 2010, Channel geomorphic responses to disturbances assessed using streamgage information, in Proceedings of the 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling, Las Vegas, Nevada, United States, June 27-July 1, 2010, p. 1-10.","productDescription":"10 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\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Juracek, Kyle E. 0000-0002-2102-8980 kjuracek@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2102-8980","contributorId":2022,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Juracek","given":"Kyle","email":"kjuracek@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":884239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bowen, Mark W.","contributorId":67638,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bowen","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":884240,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70178328,"text":"70178328 - 2010 - Delineating a road-salt plume in lakebed sediments using electrical resistivity, piezometers, and seepage meters at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-11-14T13:05:40","indexId":"70178328","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1808,"text":"Geophysics","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Delineating a road-salt plume in lakebed sediments using electrical resistivity, piezometers, and seepage meters at Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A","docAbstract":"Electrical-resistivity surveys, seepage meter measurements, and drive-point piezometers have been used to characterize chloride-enriched groundwater in lakebed sediments of Mirror Lake, New Hampshire, U.S.A. A combination of bottom-cable and floating-cable electrical-resistivity surveys identified a conductive zone
Different removal strategies are described for dams in three diverse drainage basins (Wind River, White Salmon River, and Elwha River basins) in the State of Washington (USA). The comparisons between the strategies offer the opportunity to track the effects of sediment resulting from dam decommissioning in the Pacific Northwest and to determine possible effects on socio-economically important species of anadromous salmonids. Hemlock Dam, located on Trout Creek and managed by the United States Forest Service, was removed from July to September 2009. To mitigate the effect on fish downstream (specifically, salmonids) and to minimize sediment aggradation downstream in the main-stem Wind River, the Forest Service chose to excavate the approximately 42,000 cubic meters of sediment entrapped behind the dam before removal of the dam. Thus, the reach of Trout Creek downstream of the dam will not be affected by a large, released pulse of accumulated sediment. In contrast, the scheduled removal of Condit Dam, located on the White Salmon River 30 kilometers to the east of Hemlock Dam, involves a different removal strategy. Condit Dam will be breached near its base in order to mobilize the 1.7 million cubic meters of trapped sediment during the reservoir drawdown in an effort to decrease the time needed for the downstream reach to return to normal levels of suspended sediment. Finally, the much-anticipated 2011 removal of two dams on the Elwha River on the Olympic Peninsula in northwestern Washington will take place over 2 years with progressive notches cut into the dams from the top down. Although some portion of reservoir sediment will be carried downstream by the river, the specific timing of notching will be adaptively managed to mitigate the effects of raised sediment concentration on fishes and people living downstream. With improved scientific understanding from these studies, future damremoval projects can be planned and executed with approaches that mitigate deleterious effectson salmonids.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (9th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 4th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference)","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference","conferenceDate":" June 27 - July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Magirl, C., Connolly, P., Coffin, B., Duda, J., and Draut, A., 2010, Sediment management strategies associated with dam removal in the State of Washington, in Proceedings of the 2nd Joint Federal Interagency Conference (9th Federal Interagency Sedimentation Conference and 4th Federal Interagency Hydrologic Modeling Conference), Las Vegas, NV, June 27 - July 1, 2010, 10 p. .","productDescription":"10 p. 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S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656665,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connolly, P.J.","contributorId":70141,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connolly","given":"P.J.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":656666,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coffin, B.","contributorId":177684,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Coffin","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656667,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Duda, J.J. 0000-0001-7431-8634","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7431-8634","contributorId":105073,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Duda","given":"J.J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656668,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Draut, A.E.","contributorId":50273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Draut","given":"A.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70156726,"text":"70156726 - 2010 - Estimating salinity intrusion effects due to climate change along the Grand Strand of the South Carolina coast","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T17:51:30.62022","indexId":"70156726","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating salinity intrusion effects due to climate change along the Grand Strand of the South Carolina coast","docAbstract":"The ability of water-resource managers to adapt to future climatic change is especially challenging in coastal regions of the world. The East Coast of the United States falls into this category given the high number of people living along the Atlantic seaboard and the added strain on resources as populations continue to increase, particularly in the Southeast. Increased temperatures, changes in regional precipitation regimes, and potential increased sea level would have a great impact on existing hydrological systems in the region. Six reservoirs in North Carolina discharge into the Pee Dee River, which flows 160 miles through South Carolina to the coastal communities near Myrtle Beach, SC. During the Southeast’s record-breaking drought from 1998 to 2002, salinity intrusions inundated a coastal municipal freshwater intake, limiting water supplies. Salinity intrusion results from the interaction of three principal forces - streamflow, mean tidal water levels, and tidal range. To analyze, model, and simulate hydrodynamic behaviors at critical coastal streamgages along the Atlantic Intracoastal Waterway (AIW) near Myrtle Beach, SC, data-mining techniques were applied to over 20 years of hourly streamflow, coastal water-quality, and water-level data. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were trained to learn the variable interactions that cause salinity intrusions. Streamflow from the 12,700 square-mile Pee Dee River Basin that flows into the AIW are input to the model as time-delayed variables and accumulated tributary inflows. Tidal inputs to the models were obtained by decomposing tidal water-level data into a “periodic” signal of tidal range and a “chaotic” signal of mean water levels. The ANN models were able to convincingly reproduce historical behaviors and generate alternative scenarios of interest. To evaluate the impact of climate change on salinity intrusion, inputs of streamflows and mean tidal water levels were modified to incorporate estimated changes in precipitation patterns and sea-level rise appropriate for the Southeastern United States. Changes in mean tidal water levels were changed parametrically for various sea-level rise conditions. Preliminary model results at the U.S. Geological Survey Pawleys Island streamgage (station 02110125) near a municipal freshwater intake indicate that a sea-level rise of 1 foot (ft, 30.5 centimeters [cm]) would double the frequency of water with a specific conductance value of 2,000 microsiemens per centimeter close to 4 percent. A 2 ft (61 cm) sea-level rise would quadruple the frequency to 9 percent.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Roehl, E.A., Sexton, C.T., Tufford, D.L., Carbone, G.J., Dow, K., and Cook, J., 2010, Estimating salinity intrusion effects due to climate change along the Grand Strand of the South Carolina coast, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1 2010, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307591,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Grand Strand of South Carolina coast","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -79.21835304633643,\n 33.16973460854814\n ],\n [\n -79.20188347020616,\n 33.137561571781774\n ],\n [\n -79.07561671987806,\n 33.24552433754049\n ],\n [\n -79.04267756761811,\n 33.38086349778773\n ],\n [\n -78.95758475761411,\n 33.58233438561031\n ],\n [\n -78.8395527953508,\n 33.6828939381933\n ],\n [\n -78.74622519728196,\n 33.74682521822022\n ],\n [\n -78.56231493049948,\n 33.83123278611886\n ],\n [\n -78.50192648468993,\n 33.847192422527655\n ],\n [\n -78.30154664177712,\n 33.87910275235373\n ],\n [\n -78.06273778789539,\n 33.88366039726998\n ],\n [\n -77.94745075498663,\n 33.82895259477185\n ],\n [\n -77.920001461437,\n 33.91783497292067\n ],\n [\n -78.57878450662913,\n 34.05667035981206\n ],\n [\n -78.650152669858,\n 34.011175554503\n ],\n [\n -78.63368309372834,\n 33.98386696333009\n ],\n [\n -78.74897012663713,\n 33.88366039726998\n ],\n [\n -78.831318007286,\n 33.90416678640936\n ],\n [\n -78.90817602922519,\n 33.892774956721894\n ],\n [\n -78.90817602922519,\n 33.85859033789821\n ],\n [\n -78.91366588793484,\n 33.83807299524254\n ],\n [\n -78.94660504019477,\n 33.8266723426092\n ],\n [\n -78.99052390987404,\n 33.86314907816619\n ],\n [\n -79.05091235568355,\n 33.817550725835474\n ],\n [\n -79.07561671987806,\n 33.75595437162089\n ],\n [\n -79.05091235568355,\n 33.717148758094865\n ],\n [\n -79.08385150794285,\n 33.66004980518244\n ],\n [\n -79.1854138940765,\n 33.454179847150684\n ],\n [\n -79.2814864215005,\n 33.30977928574498\n ],\n [\n -79.21835304633643,\n 33.16973460854814\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b7e4b0f42e3d040e01","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570272,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A. Jr.","contributorId":108083,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570273,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Sexton, Charles T.","contributorId":147101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570274,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Tufford, Daniel L. tufford@sc.edu","contributorId":147102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tufford","given":"Daniel","email":"tufford@sc.edu","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570275,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carbone, Gregory J. greg.carbone@sc.edu","contributorId":147103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbone","given":"Gregory","email":"greg.carbone@sc.edu","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570276,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dow, Kristin","contributorId":147104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dow","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570277,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cook, John B.","contributorId":45594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570278,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}} ,{"id":70156674,"text":"70156674 - 2010 - Discriminating silt-and-clay from suspended-sand in rivers using side-looking acoustic profilers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T16:59:09.052305","indexId":"70156674","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Discriminating silt-and-clay from suspended-sand in rivers using side-looking acoustic profilers","docAbstract":"The ability to accurately monitor suspended-sediment flux in rivers is needed to support many types of studies, because the sediment that typically travels in suspension affects geomorphology and aquatic habitat in a variety of ways (e.g. bank and floodplain deposition, bar morphology, light penetration and primary productivity, tidal wetland deposition in the context of sea-level rise, sediment-associated contaminants, reservoir sedimentation and potential erosion during dam removal, among others). In addition, human-induced changes to the landscape have resulted in substantially altered suspended-sediment loads (Syvitski et al., 2005). Thus, accurate monitoring of suspended-sediment flux is necessary for informed resource management of rivers. Because of this need, a variety of techniques have been developed and applied for suspendedsediment monitoring. The traditional approach in the United States, which was developed and has been used extensively by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), is to collect an isokinetic, velocity-weighted sample from a river cross-section, analyze the sample in the laboratory, and use water-discharge records to compute a record of suspended-sediment flux (Guy, 1969, Guy, 1970, Edwards and Glysson, 1999, Porterfield, 1972). The labor and expense associated with this traditional approach is substantial such that the number of USGS gages reporting daily records of suspended-sediment flux decreased from 364 in 1981 to 120 in 2003 (Osterkamp et al., 2004). Also, the traditional sampling approach is limited with respect to the temporal resolution that can be achieved, thus requiring the use of approximate relations between suspended-sediment concentration and water discharge to fill gaps between samples. To address these limitations, several indirect or \"surrogate\" measures have been investigated (see e.g. Gray and Gartner, 2009) most notably optical backscatter (i.e. turbidity), laser-diffraction, and acoustic backscatter. These indirect techniques rely on measurements of ancillary properties that correlate with suspended-sediment concentration and particle size and thus require the collection of traditional samples for calibration. Through in situ deployments, these methods can provide the high temporal resolution that cannot be achieved through traditional sampling. Here we focus on the evaluation of acoustic profiling techniques (e.g. acoustic-Doppler sideways-looking profilers, or ADPs). One major advantage of acoustic profiling is the ability to concurrently measure water velocity (using Doppler-shift methods) and suspended-sediment concentration such that suspended-sediment flux can be directly computed using data from a single instrument. Acoustic-Doppler profilers have become popular for measuring water velocity and discharge in rivers, through both moving-boat operations and from fixed deployments such as bank-mounted sideways-looking instruments (Hirsch and Costa, 2004, Muste et al., 2007). The method presented herein is most suited to sideways-looking applications as a complement to the \"index velocity\" technique, whereby an index velocity from a sideways-looking instrument is related to the cross-section average velocity (determined from moving-boat discharge measurements) as a means for developing a continuous water-discharge record (Ruhl and Simpson, 2005). Topping et al. (2007) presented a method for discriminating silt-and-clay from suspended sand, using single frequency ADPs. This method takes advantage of the relations among acoustic backscatter, sediment-induced acoustic attenuation, suspended-sediment concentration (SSC), and particle size distribution (PSD). Backscatter is the amount of sound scattered back and received at the transducer while sediment-induced attenuation is the amount of sound scattered in other directions and absorbed by the sediment particles. Both of these parameters can be measured with an ADP, and their different dependencies on SSC and PSD allow for the discrimination of suspended silt-and-clay from suspended sand. Topping et al. (2007) describe application of the method at several sites along the Colorado River in Grand Canyon, and herein we present an example application of the technique for the Gunnison River, CO. However, the methods general applicability in rivers has yet to be evaluated due to a lack of concurrent acoustic and sediment data at a range of sites. To this end, the objective of the analysis presented herein is to evaluate the potential general applicability of the method, drawing from the extensive USGS database on SSC and PSD. We refer to it as \"potential\" general applicability because it relies on the theory underlying the previous empirical results. Use of the theoretical relations is necessary due to the lack of concurrent ADP and SSC/PSD data, but also serves the additional purpose of providing further justification of the empirical calibrations developed for the Colorado and Gunnison Rivers.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Topping, D.J., and Williams, C.A., 2010, Discriminating silt-and-clay from suspended-sand in rivers using side-looking acoustic profilers, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010590","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307470,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91b1e4b0518e354dd150","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569906,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569907,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Williams, Cory A. 0000-0003-1461-7848 cawillia@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1461-7848","contributorId":689,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Cory","email":"cawillia@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569908,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70158961,"text":"70158961 - 2010 - Suspended-sediment concentration regimes in Tennessee biological reference streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-08T17:05:10","indexId":"70158961","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Suspended-sediment concentration regimes in Tennessee biological reference streams","docAbstract":"Suspended-sediment-concentration (SSC) regimes of five biological reference streams in Tennessee were characterized from 15-minute SSC records spanning 1 to 4 water years (October 1 through September 30) between 2004 and 2008. These streams represent least disturbed conditions for their respective ecoregions and have exceptional biodiversity in terms of fish or aquatic invertebrates. SSC regimes in streams, when plotted in terms of duration above a given SSC at a given annual frequency such as the annual maximum or the annual tenth longest duration, can be compared directly to published biological impairment thresholds derived from experimental trials. Based on such comparison, the SSC regimes of all five reference streams reached published impairment thresholds at least 10 times per water year for all years of record. The results suggest that the published impairment thresholds are not directly applicable to streams in Tennessee and, by extension, the southeastern United States.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Diehl, T.H., and Wolfe, W., 2010, Suspended-sediment concentration regimes in Tennessee biological reference streams, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309793,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Tennessee","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -88.29711914062499,\n 35.074964853989556\n ],\n [\n -88.0389404296875,\n 35.08395557927643\n ],\n [\n -88.05541992187499,\n 34.9805024453652\n ],\n [\n -88.341064453125,\n 35.007502842952896\n ],\n [\n -88.29711914062499,\n 35.074964853989556\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.3360595703125,\n 36.41244153535644\n ],\n [\n -86.3360595703125,\n 36.27085020723905\n ],\n [\n -86.15478515625,\n 36.28413532741724\n ],\n [\n -86.187744140625,\n 36.40802070382984\n ],\n [\n -86.3360595703125,\n 36.41244153535644\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -86.649169921875,\n 36.01356058518153\n ],\n [\n -86.649169921875,\n 35.862343734896484\n ],\n [\n -86.451416015625,\n 35.88905007936091\n ],\n [\n -86.47338867187499,\n 35.98689628443789\n ],\n [\n -86.649169921875,\n 36.01356058518153\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n },\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -87.110595703125,\n 35.99578538642032\n ],\n [\n -87.110595703125,\n 35.85343961959182\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 35.85343961959182\n ],\n [\n -86.890869140625,\n 35.97800618085568\n ],\n [\n -87.110595703125,\n 35.99578538642032\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"561793d4e4b0cdb063e3fba9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diehl, Timothy H. 0000-0001-9691-2212 thdiehl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9691-2212","contributorId":546,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diehl","given":"Timothy","email":"thdiehl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wolfe, William J. wjwolfe@usgs.gov","contributorId":1888,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wolfe","given":"William J.","email":"wjwolfe@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":577069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157573,"text":"70157573 - 2010 - Potential mitigation approach to minimize salinity intrusion in the Lower Savannah River Estuary due to reduced controlled releases from Lake Thurmond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T18:04:54.383559","indexId":"70157573","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Potential mitigation approach to minimize salinity intrusion in the Lower Savannah River Estuary due to reduced controlled releases from Lake Thurmond","docAbstract":"The Savannah River originates at the confluence of the Seneca and Tugaloo Rivers, near Hartwell, Ga. and forms the State boundary between South Carolina and Georgia. The J. Strom Thurmond Dam and Lake, located 187 miles upstream from the coast, is responsible for most of the flow regulation that affects the Savannah River from Augusta to the coast. The Savannah Harbor experiences semi-diurnal tides of two high and two low tides in a 24.8-hour period with pronounced differences in tidal range between neap and spring tides occurring on a 14-day and 28-day lunar cycle. The Savannah National Wildlife Refuge is located in the Savannah River Estuary. The tidal freshwater marsh is an essential part of the 28,000-acre refuge and is home to a diverse variety of wildlife and plant communities. The Southeastern U.S. experienced severe drought conditions in 2008 and if the conditions had persisted in Georgia and South Carolina, Thurmond Lake could have reached an emergency operation level where outflow from the lake is equal to the inflow to the lake. To decrease the effect of the reduced releases on downstream resources, a stepped approach was proposed to reduce the flow in increments of 500 cubic feet per second (ft3/s) intervals. Reduced flows from 3,600 ft3/s to 3,100 ft3/s and 2,600 ft3/s were simulated with two previously developed models of the Lower Savannah River Estuary to evaluate the potential effects on salinity intrusion. The end of the previous drought (2002) was selected as the baseline condition for the simulations with the model. Salinity intrusion coincided with the 28-day cycle semidiurnal tidal cycles. The results show a difference between the model simulations of how the salinity will respond to the decreased flows. The Model-to-Marsh Decision Support System (M2MDSS) salinity response shows a large increase in the magnitude (> 6.0 practical salinity units, psu) and duration (3-4 days) of the salinity intrusion with extended periods (21 days) of tidal freshwater remaining in the system. The Environmental Fluid Dynamic Code (EFDC) model predicts increases in the magnitude of the salinity intrusion but only to 2 and 3 psu and the intrusion duration greater than a week. A potential mitigation to the increased salinity intrusion predicted by the M2MDSS would be to time pulses of increase flows to reduce the magnitude of the intrusion. Seven-day streamflow pulses of 4,500 ft3/s were inserted into the constant 3,100 ft3/s streamflow condition. The streamflow pulses did substantially decrease the magnitude and duration of the salinity intrusion. The result of the streamflow pulse scenario demonstrates how alternative release patterns from Lake Thurmond could be utilized to mitigate potential salinity changes in the Lower Savannah River Estuary.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., and Greenfield, J.M., 2010, Potential mitigation approach to minimize salinity intrusion in the Lower Savannah River Estuary due to reduced controlled releases from Lake Thurmond, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1 2010, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308673,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Savannah River watershed","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.75765539236411,\n 35.17323528735028\n ],\n [\n -83.47207663625336,\n 35.06535251781659\n ],\n [\n -83.64793417321053,\n 34.62335157507212\n ],\n [\n -82.47188689480815,\n 33.43009230326392\n ],\n [\n -81.6365635942608,\n 32.73017626249711\n ],\n [\n -81.0540355030896,\n 31.632511705952396\n ],\n [\n -80.62538275675567,\n 32.16439163685108\n ],\n [\n -81.1529553676278,\n 33.1176605854625\n ],\n [\n -81.88935880363692,\n 34.09710899144052\n ],\n [\n -82.75765539236411,\n 35.17323528735028\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560a64e0e4b058f706e536ea","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":573683,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greenfield, James M.","contributorId":148052,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Greenfield","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":573684,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70157325,"text":"70157325 - 2010 - The use of the multi-dimensional surface-water modeling system (MD-SWMS) in calculating discharge and sediment transport in remote ephemeral streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-09T16:24:02.853824","indexId":"70157325","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The use of the multi-dimensional surface-water modeling system (MD-SWMS) in calculating discharge and sediment transport in remote ephemeral streams","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, NV","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Griffiths, P.G., Topping, D.J., McDonald, R.R., and Sabol, T., 2010, The use of the multi-dimensional surface-water modeling system (MD-SWMS) in calculating discharge and sediment transport in remote ephemeral streams, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, NV, June 27-July 1 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-019532","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":49157,"text":"Rocky Mountain Regional Office","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308287,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35c0e4b05d6c4e502c83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Griffiths, Peter G. 0000-0002-8663-8907 pggriffi@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8663-8907","contributorId":187,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Peter","email":"pggriffi@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":572692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McDonald, Richard R. 0000-0002-0703-0638 rmcd@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0703-0638","contributorId":2428,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McDonald","given":"Richard","email":"rmcd@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A.","contributorId":67186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70156772,"text":"70156772 - 2010 - Evolving fluvial response of the Sandy River, Oregon, following removal of Marmot Dam","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-12-11T12:14:24","indexId":"70156772","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Evolving fluvial response of the Sandy River, Oregon, following removal of Marmot Dam","docAbstract":"The October 2007 removal of Marmot Dam on the Sandy River, Oregon, triggered a rapid sequence of fluvial responses as ~730,000 m3 of sand and gravel that filled the former reservoir were suddenly exposed to an energetic river. Using direct measurements of sediment transport, photogrammetry, and repeat surveys between transport events, we monitored the erosion, transport, and redeposition of this sediment in the hours, days, and months following breaching. Measurements of suspended load and bedload documented an initial spike in the flux of fine suspended sediment in the minutes after breaching followed by high rates of suspendedand bedload transport of sand. Significant gravel transport did not begin at a measurement site 0.4 km downstream of the dam until 18–20 hours after breaching, when bedload transport achieved rates of about 60 kg/s—rates that greatly exceeded concurrent measurements of less than 10 kg/s at sites upstream and farther downstream of the dam. Bedload transport rates just below the dam site remained 10–100 times above upstream and downstream rates through subsequent high flow events during the winter and spring of 2007 and 2008. Much of the elevated sediment load was derived from eroded reservoir sediment, which initially began eroding when a multi-meter-tall knickpoint migrated upstream 200 meters in the first hour. Rapid knickpoint migration triggered bank collapse in the unconsolidated fill, which swiftly widened the channel. Over the following days and months, the knickpoint migrated slowly upchannel, simultaneously lowering and becoming less distinct. By May 2008, a riffle-like feature approximately 1 m high, a few tens of meters long, and 2 km upstream from the breached dam persisted. Knickpoint and lateral erosion evacuated ~100,000 cubic meters of sediment from the reservoir in the first 60 hours, and by the end of high flows in May 2008 about 350,000 cubic meters (45 percent of the initial reservoir volume) had been evacuated. Large stormflows in November 2008 and January 2009 eroded another 39,000 cubic meters of sediment. Thus, within 15 months of breaching, about 55 percent of the impounded sediment (390,000 cubic meters) had been eroded. Two years after breaching, only another 10,000 m3 (~400,000 m3 total) had been eroded. About 30 percent of the eroded sediment has been redeposited in a tapered wedge of sediment that extends 2 km from the former dam site to the entrance of a confined bedrock gorge. Much of the balance of the eroded sediment is distributed along and partly fills pools within the Sandy River gorge, a narrow bedrock canyon extending 2–9 km downstream of the former dam site, and along the channel farther downstream.
","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., O’Connor, J., Podolak, C.J., Keith, M., Spicer, K.R., Wallick, J., Bragg, H., Pittman, S., Wilcock, P.R., Rhode, A., and Grant, G., 2010, Evolving fluvial response of the Sandy River, Oregon, following removal of Marmot Dam, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: Existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1, 2010, 11 p.","productDescription":"11 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307646,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307645,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Sandy River","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.62664794921874,\n 45.28165078755851\n ],\n [\n -121.66946411132812,\n 45.28165078755851\n ],\n [\n -121.66946411132812,\n 45.596743928454124\n ],\n [\n -122.62664794921874,\n 45.596743928454124\n ],\n [\n -122.62664794921874,\n 45.28165078755851\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b9e4b0f42e3d040e13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570455,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570456,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Podolak, Charles J.","contributorId":52849,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Podolak","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570457,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Keith, Mackenzie K.","contributorId":16560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keith","given":"Mackenzie K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570458,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Spicer, Kurt R. 0000-0001-5030-3198 krspicer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5030-3198","contributorId":2684,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spicer","given":"Kurt","email":"krspicer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570459,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Wallick, J. 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2010 - Field evaluation of sediment-concentration errors arising from Non-Isokinetic intake efficiency in depth-integrating suspended-sediment bag samplers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-28T09:06:44","indexId":"70156801","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Field evaluation of sediment-concentration errors arising from Non-Isokinetic intake efficiency in depth-integrating suspended-sediment bag samplers","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","usgsCitation":"Sabol, T., Topping, D.J., and Griffiths, R.E., 2010, Field evaluation of sediment-concentration errors arising from Non-Isokinetic intake efficiency in depth-integrating suspended-sediment bag samplers, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010: Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future: existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1 2010, 12 p.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307672,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307671,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18631e4b05561fa206ab5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sabol, Thomas A.","contributorId":67186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sabol","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570595,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Griffiths, Ronald E. 0000-0003-3620-2926 rgriffiths@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3620-2926","contributorId":162,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Griffiths","given":"Ronald","email":"rgriffiths@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570596,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70171527,"text":"70171527 - 2010 - Consumptive use and resulting leach-field water budget of a mountain residence","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-06-02T09:42:46","indexId":"70171527","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2342,"text":"Journal of Hydrology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Consumptive use and resulting leach-field water budget of a mountain residence","docAbstract":"Consumptive use of water in a dispersed rural community has important implications for maximum housing density and its effects on sustainability of groundwater withdrawals. Recent rapid growth in Colorado, USA has stressed groundwater supplies in some areas, thereby increasing scrutiny of approximate methods developed there more than 30 years ago to estimate consumptive use that are still used today. A foothills residence was studied during a 2-year period to estimate direct and indirect water losses. Direct losses are those from evaporation inside the home, plus any outdoor use. Indirect loss is evapotranspiration (ET) from the residential leach-field in excess of ET from the immediately surrounding terrain. Direct losses were 18.7% of water supply to the home, substantially larger than estimated historically in Colorado. A new approach was developed to estimate indirect loss, using chamber methods together with the Penman–Monteith model. Indirect loss was only 0.9% of water supply, but this value probably was anomalously low due to a recurring leach-field malfunction. Resulting drainage beneath the leach-field was 80.4% of water supply. Guidelines are given to apply the same methodology at other sites and combine results with a survey of leach-fields in an area to obtain more realistic average values of ET losses.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.012","usgsCitation":"Stannard, D., Paul, W.T., Laws, R., and Poeter, E.P., 2010, Consumptive use and resulting leach-field water budget of a mountain residence: Journal of Hydrology, v. 388, no. 3-4, p. 335-349, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhydrol.2010.05.012.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"335","endPage":"349","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011018","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":322080,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Jefferson County","otherGeospatial":"Turkey Creek Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 39.35978526869001\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -105.084228515625,\n 39.918162846609455\n ],\n [\n -105.084228515625,\n 39.35978526869001\n ],\n [\n -105.6884765625,\n 39.35978526869001\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"388","issue":"3-4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158aee4b053f0edd03c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stannard, David distanna@usgs.gov","contributorId":169954,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stannard","given":"David","email":"distanna@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paul, William T.","contributorId":169956,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paul","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":25641,"text":"CSM, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631603,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Laws, Roy","contributorId":169955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Laws","given":"Roy","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":25640,"text":"Dept. of Health, Golden, CO","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":631602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poeter, Eileen P.","contributorId":78805,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poeter","given":"Eileen","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70157986,"text":"70157986 - 2010 - Grain-size evolution in suspended sediment and deposits from the 2004 and 2008 controlled-flood experiments in Marble and Grand Canyons, Arizona","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-01T17:45:52.982397","indexId":"70157986","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Grain-size evolution in suspended sediment and deposits from the 2004 and 2008 controlled-flood experiments in Marble and Grand Canyons, Arizona","docAbstract":"Since the closure of Glen Canyon Dam in 1963, the hydrology, sediment supply, and distribution and size of modern alluvial deposits in the Colorado River through Grand Canyon have changed substantially (e.g., Howard and Dolan, 1981; Johnson and Carothers, 1987; Webb et al., 1999; Rubin et al., 2002; Topping et al., 2000, 2003; Wright et al., 2005; Hazel et al., 2006). The dam has reduced the fluvial sediment supply at the upstream boundary of Grand Canyon National Park by about 95 percent. Regulation of river discharge by dam operations has important implications for the storage and redistribution of sediment in the Colorado River corridor. In the absence of natural floods, sediment is not deposited at elevations that regularly received sediment before dam closure. There has been a systemwide decrease in the size and number of subaerially exposed fluvial sand deposits since the 1960s, punctuated by episodic aggradation during the exceptional high-flow intervals in the early 1980s and by sediment input from occasional tributary floods (Beus and others, 1985; Schmidt and Graf, 1990; Kearsley et al., 1994; Schmidt et al., 2004; Wright et al., 2005; Hazel et al., 2006). Fluvial sandbars are an important component of riparian ecology that, among other functions, enclose eddy backwaters that form native-fish habitat, provide a source for eolian sand that protects some archaeological sites, and are used as campsites by thousands of river-runners annually (Rubin et al., 1990; Kearsley et al., 1994; Neal et al., 2000; Wright et al., 2005; Draut and Rubin, 2008).
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Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":574629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":574630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Schmidt, John C. 0000-0002-2988-3869 jcschmidt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2988-3869","contributorId":1983,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schmidt","given":"John","email":"jcschmidt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":574631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98487,"text":"ofr20101127 - 2010 - A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-07-31T10:22:25","indexId":"ofr20101127","displayToPublicDate":"2010-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1127","title":"A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage","docAbstract":"In 2007, the Energy Independence and Security Act (Public Law 110-140) authorized the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to conduct a national assessment of potential geologic storage resources for carbon dioxide (CO2) in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and the U.S. Department of Energy. The first year of that activity was specified for development of a methodology to estimate storage potential that could be applied uniformly to geologic formations across the United States. After its release, the methodology was to receive public comment and external expert review. An initial methodology was developed and published in March 2009 (Burruss and others, 2009), and public comments were received. The report was then sent to a panel of experts for external review. The external review report was received by the USGS in December 2009. This report is in response to those external comments and reviews and describes how the previous assessment methodology (Burruss and others, 2009) was revised. The resource that is assessed is the technically accessible storage resource, which is defined as the mass of CO2 that can be stored in the pore volume of a storage formation. The methodology that is presented in this report is intended to be used for assessments at scales ranging from regional to subbasinal in which storage assessment units are defined on the basis of common geologic and hydrologic characteristics. The methodology does not apply to site-specific evaluation of storage resources or capacity.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101127","usgsCitation":"Brennan, S.T., Burruss, R.A., Merrill, M., Freeman, P., and Ruppert, L.F., 2010, A probabilistic assessment methodology for the evaluation of geologic carbon dioxide storage: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1127, viii, 27 p.; Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101127.","productDescription":"viii, 27 p.; Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125928,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1127.jpg"},{"id":13873,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,42 ], [ -110,44 ], [ -106.5,44 ], [ -106.5,42 ], [ -110,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd4964e4b0b290850ef1ef","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Brennan, Sean T. 0000-0002-7102-9359 sbrennan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7102-9359","contributorId":559,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brennan","given":"Sean","email":"sbrennan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305494,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Burruss, Robert A. 0000-0001-6827-804X burruss@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6827-804X","contributorId":558,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burruss","given":"Robert","email":"burruss@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305493,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Merrill, Matthew D. 0000-0003-3766-847X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3766-847X","contributorId":48256,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Merrill","given":"Matthew D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305497,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Freeman, Philip A. 0000-0002-0863-7431 pfreeman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0863-7431","contributorId":193093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Freeman","given":"Philip A.","email":"pfreeman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305496,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ruppert, Leslie F. 0000-0002-7453-1061 lruppert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7453-1061","contributorId":660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruppert","given":"Leslie","email":"lruppert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305495,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98478,"text":"sir20105098 - 2010 - Nitrate Loads and Concentrations in Surface-Water Base Flow and Shallow Groundwater for Selected Basins in the United States, Water Years 1990-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:45","indexId":"sir20105098","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5098","title":"Nitrate Loads and Concentrations in Surface-Water Base Flow and Shallow Groundwater for Selected Basins in the United States, Water Years 1990-2006","docAbstract":"Hydrograph separation was used to determine the base-flow component of streamflow for 148 sites sampled as part of the National Water-Quality Assessment program. Sites in the Southwest and the Northwest tend to have base-flow index values greater than 0.5. Sites in the Midwest and the eastern portion of the Southern Plains generally have values less than 0.5. Base-flow index values for sites in the Southeast and Northeast are mixed with values less than and greater than 0.5. Hypothesized flow paths based on relative scaling of soil and bedrock permeability explain some of the differences found in base-flow index. Sites in areas with impermeable soils and bedrock (areas where overland flow may be the primary hydrologic flow path) tend to have lower base-flow index values than sites in areas with either permeable bedrock or permeable soils (areas where deep groundwater flow paths or shallow groundwater flow paths may occur). \r\n\r\nThe percentage of nitrate load contributed by base flow was determined using total flow and base flow nitrate load models. These regression-based models were calibrated using available nitrate samples and total streamflow or base-flow nitrate samples and the base-flow component of total streamflow. Many streams in the country have a large proportion of nitrate load contributed by base flow: 40 percent of sites have more than 50 percent of the total nitrate load contributed by base flow. Sites in the Midwest and eastern portion of the Southern Plains generally have less than 50 percent of the total nitrate load contributed by base flow. Sites in the Northern Plains and Northwest have nitrate load ratios that generally are greater than 50 percent. Nitrate load ratios for sites in the Southeast and Northeast are mixed with values less than and greater than 50 percent. Significantly lower contributions of nitrate from base flow were found at sites in areas with impermeable soils and impermeable bedrock. These areas could be most responsive to nutrient management practices designed to reduce nutrient transport to streams by runoff. Conversely, sites with potential for shallow or deep groundwater contribution (some combination of permeable soils or permeable bedrock) had significantly greater contributions of nitrate from base flow. Effective nutrient management strategies would consider groundwater nitrate contributions in these areas. \r\n\r\nMean annual base-flow nitrate concentrations were compared to shallow-groundwater nitrate concentrations for 27 sites. Concentrations in groundwater tended to be greater than base-flow concentrations for this group of sites. Sites where groundwater concentrations were much greater than base-flow concentrations were found in areas of high infiltration and oxic groundwater conditions. The lack of correspondingly high concentrations in the base flow of the paired surface-water sites may have multiple causes. In some settings, there has not been sufficient time for enough high-nitrate shallow groundwater to migrate to the nearby stream. In these cases, the stream nitrate concentrations lag behind those in the shallow groundwater, and concentrations may increase in the future as more high-nitrate groundwater reaches the stream. Alternatively, some of these sites may have processes that rapidly remove nitrate as water moves from the aquifer into the stream channel. \r\n\r\nPartitioning streamflow and nitrate load between the quick-flow and base-flow portions of the hydrograph coupled with relative scales of soil permeability can infer the importance of surface water compared to groundwater nitrate sources. Study of the relation of nitrate concentrations to base-flow index and the comparison of groundwater nitrate concentrations to stream nitrate concentrations during times when base-flow index is high can provide evidence of potential nitrate transport mechanisms. Accounting for the surface-water and groundwater contributions of nitrate is crucial to effective management and remediat","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105098","collaboration":"National Water-Quality Assessment Program","usgsCitation":"Spahr, N.E., Dubrovsky, N.M., Gronberg, J.M., Franke, O.L., and Wolock, D.M., 2010, Nitrate Loads and Concentrations in Surface-Water Base Flow and Shallow Groundwater for Selected Basins in the United States, Water Years 1990-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5098, vii, 20 p.; Supplemental Information, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105098.","productDescription":"vii, 20 p.; Supplemental Information","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1990-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":125555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5098.jpg"},{"id":13803,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5098/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4af5e4b07f02db692252","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Spahr, Norman E. nspahr@usgs.gov","contributorId":1977,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spahr","given":"Norman","email":"nspahr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305471,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dubrovsky, Neil M. 0000-0001-7786-1149 nmdubrov@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7786-1149","contributorId":1799,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dubrovsky","given":"Neil","email":"nmdubrov@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305470,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gronberg, JoAnn M. 0000-0003-4822-7434 jmgronbe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4822-7434","contributorId":3548,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gronberg","given":"JoAnn","email":"jmgronbe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305472,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Franke, O. 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The massive debris flow was triggered by a rock and snow avalanche from the Milk Creek glaciers and snowfields during the early onset of an intense storm originating near the Hawaiian Islands. The debris flow consisted of a heavy conglomerate of large boulders, cobbles, and coarse-grained sediment that was deposited at depths of up to 15 ft and within 3 mi of the glaciers, and a viscous slurry that deposited finer-grained sediments at depths of 0.5 to 3 ft. The muddy slurry coated standing trees within the lower reaches of Milk Creek as it moved downslope.
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","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010 : Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future : existing and emerging issues","conferenceTitle":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference on Sedimentation and Hydrologic Modeling","conferenceDate":"June 27-July 1, 2010","conferenceLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"Joint Federal Interagency Conference","publisherLocation":"Las Vegas, Nevada","usgsCitation":"Buscombe, D.D., Rubin, D.M., and Warrick, J., 2010, An automated and universal method for measuring mean grain size from a digital image of sediment, in Proceedings of the Joint Federal Interagency Conference 2010 : Hydrology and sedimentation for a changing future : existing and emerging issues, Las Vegas, Nevada, June 27-July 1, 2010, 9 p.","productDescription":"9 p.","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307085,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307084,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://acwi.gov/sos/pubs/2ndJFIC/"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55d84baee4b0518e3546efc7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buscombe, Daniel D. 0000-0001-6217-5584 dbuscombe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6217-5584","contributorId":5020,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buscombe","given":"Daniel","email":"dbuscombe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warrick, Jonathan A. jwarrick@usgs.gov","contributorId":1904,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warrick","given":"Jonathan A.","email":"jwarrick@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":569094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98477,"text":"fs20103046 - 2010 - Visualizing NetCDF Files by Using the EverVIEW Data Viewer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:53","indexId":"fs20103046","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-26T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-3046","title":"Visualizing NetCDF Files by Using the EverVIEW Data Viewer","docAbstract":"Over the past few years, modelers in South Florida have started using Network Common Data Form (NetCDF) as the standard data container format for storing hydrologic and ecologic modeling inputs and outputs. With its origins in the meteorological discipline, NetCDF was created by the Unidata Program Center at the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research, in conjunction with the National Aeronautics and Space Administration and other organizations. NetCDF is a portable, scalable, self-describing, binary file format optimized for storing array-based scientific data. Despite attributes which make NetCDF desirable to the modeling community, many natural resource managers have few desktop software packages which can consume NetCDF and unlock the valuable data contained within. The U.S. Geological Survey and the Joint Ecosystem Modeling group, an ecological modeling community of practice, are working to address this need with the EverVIEW Data Viewer. Available for several operating systems, this desktop software currently supports graphical displays of NetCDF data as spatial overlays on a three-dimensional globe and views of grid-cell values in tabular form. An included Open Geospatial Consortium compliant, Web-mapping service client and charting interface allows the user to view Web-available spatial data as additional map overlays and provides simple charting visualizations of NetCDF grid values.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20103046","usgsCitation":"Conzelmann, C., and Romañach, S., 2010, Visualizing NetCDF Files by Using the EverVIEW Data Viewer: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2010-3046, , https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20103046.","productDescription":" ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125925,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2010_3046.jpg"},{"id":13801,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2010/3046/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdb48","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conzelmann, Craig 0000-0002-4227-8719 conzelmannc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4227-8719","contributorId":2361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conzelmann","given":"Craig","email":"conzelmannc@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":455,"text":"National Wetlands Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305468,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romañach, Stephanie S. 0000-0003-0271-7825 sromanach@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0271-7825","contributorId":2331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romañach","given":"Stephanie S.","email":"sromanach@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305467,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70199985,"text":"70199985 - 2010 - Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T08:44:34","indexId":"70199985","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T08:43:58","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions","docAbstract":"The relative impact of a large upstream dam versus in‐reach groundwater pumping on stream temperatures was analyzed for humid, semiarid, and arid conditions with long dry seasons to represent typical climate regions where large dams are present, such as the western United States or eastern Australia. Stream temperatures were simulated using the CE‐QUAL‐W2 water quality model over a 110 km model grid, with the presence or absence of a dam at the top of the reach and pumping in the lower 60 km of the reach. Measured meteorological data from three representative locations were used as model input to simulate the impact of varying climate conditions on streamflow and stream temperature. For each climate condition four hypothetical streamflow scenarios were modeled: (1) natural (no dam or pumping), (2) large upstream dam present, (3) dam with in‐reach pumping, and (4) no dam with pumping, resulting in 12 cases. Dam removal, in the presence or absence of pumping, resulted in significant changes in stream temperature throughout the year for all three climate conditions. From March to August, the presence of a dam caused monthly mean stream temperatures to decrease on average by approximately 3.0°C, 2.5°C, and 2.0°C for the humid, semiarid, and arid conditions, respectively; however, stream temperatures generally increased from September to February. Pumping caused stream temperatures to warm in summer and cool in winter by generally less than 0.5°C because of a smaller pumping‐induced alteration in streamflow relative to the dam. Though the presence or absence of a large dam led to greater changes in stream temperature than the presence or absence of pumping, ephemeral conditions were increased both temporally and spatially because of pumping.
","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008587","usgsCitation":"Risley, J.C., Constantz, J., Essaid, H.I., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Effects of upstream dams versus groundwater pumping on stream temperature under varying climate conditions: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 6, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008587.","productDescription":"32 p.","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475707,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008587","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358224,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-06-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4918","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Risley, John C. 0000-0002-8206-5443 jrisley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8206-5443","contributorId":2698,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Risley","given":"John","email":"jrisley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Constantz, Jim","contributorId":66338,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Constantz","given":"Jim","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Essaid, Hedeff I. 0000-0003-0154-8628 hiessaid@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0154-8628","contributorId":2284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Essaid","given":"Hedeff","email":"hiessaid@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":98468,"text":"sir20105019 - 2010 - Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:51","indexId":"sir20105019","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-23T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5019","title":"Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado","docAbstract":"Land use in the South Platte River valley between the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, Colo., is undergoing change as urban areas expand, and the extent of aggregate mining in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area is increasing as the demand for aggregate grows in response to urban development. To improve understanding of land-use change and the potential effects of land-use change and aggregate mining on groundwater flow, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the cities of Brighton and Fort Lupton, analyzed socioeconomic and land-use trends and constructed a numerical groundwater flow model of the South Platte alluvial aquifer in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area. The numerical groundwater flow model was used to simulate (1) steady-state hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040, (2) transient cumulative hydrologic effects of the potential extent of reclaimed aggregate pits in 2020 and 2040, (3) transient hydrologic effects of actively dewatered aggregate pits, and (4) effects of different hypothetical pit spacings and configurations on groundwater levels. The SLEUTH (Slope, Land cover, Exclusion, Urbanization, Transportation, and Hillshade) urban-growth modeling program was used to predict the extent of urban area in 2020 and 2040. Wetlands in the Brighton-Fort Lupton area were mapped as part of the study, and mapped wetland locations and areas of riparian herbaceous vegetation previously mapped by the Colorado Division of Wildlife were compared to simulation results to indicate areas where wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation might be affected by groundwater-level changes resulting from land-use change or aggregate mining. \r\n\r\nAnalysis of land-use conditions in 1957, 1977, and 2000 indicated that the general distribution of irrigated land and non-irrigated land remained similar from 1957 to 2000, but both land uses decreased as urban area increased. Urban area increased about 165 percent from 1957 to 1977 and about 56 percent from 1977 to 2000 with most urban growth occurring east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation corridors. Land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 predicted by the SLEUTH modeling program indicated urban growth will continue to develop primarily east of Brighton and Fort Lupton and along major transportation routes, but substantial urban growth also is predicted south and west of Brighton. \r\n\r\nSteady-state simulations of the hydrologic effects of predicted land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 indicated groundwater levels declined less than 2 feet relative to simulated groundwater levels in 2000. Groundwater levels declined most where irrigated land was converted to urban area and least where non-irrigated land was converted to urban area. Simulated groundwater-level declines resulting from land-use conditions in 2020 and 2040 are not predicted to substantially affect wetlands or riparian herbaceous vegetation in the study area because the declines are small and wetlands and riparian herbaceous vegetation generally are not located where simulated declines occur. \r\n\r\nSee Report PDF for unabridged abstract. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Fort Lupton and the City of Brighton","usgsCitation":"Arnold, L.R., Mladinich, C., Langer, W.H., and Daniels, J., 2010, Land-Use Analysis and Simulated Effects of Land-Use Change and Aggregate Mining on Groundwater Flow in the South Platte River Valley, Brighton to Fort Lupton, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5019, viii, 117 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105019.","productDescription":"viii, 117 p. ","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125923,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5019.jpg"},{"id":13773,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5019/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -104.88333333333334,39.95 ], [ -104.88333333333334,40.11666666666667 ], [ -104.7,40.11666666666667 ], [ -104.7,39.95 ], [ -104.88333333333334,39.95 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf1e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Arnold, L. R.","contributorId":92738,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305421,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mladinich, C.S.","contributorId":61095,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mladinich","given":"C.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305419,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Langer, W. H.","contributorId":44932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langer","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305418,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Daniels, J.S.","contributorId":88832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daniels","given":"J.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":305420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70200012,"text":"70200012 - 2010 - Field note--Successful establishment of a phytoremediation system at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated shallow aquifer--Trends, trials, and tribulations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T13:31:52","indexId":"70200012","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-21T13:31:29","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2064,"text":"International Journal of Phytoremediation","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Field note--Successful establishment of a phytoremediation system at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated shallow aquifer--Trends, trials, and tribulations","docAbstract":"We report the establishment of a mixed hybrid poplar (Populus spp.) and willow (Salix spp.) phytoremediation system at a fuel-contaminated site. Several approaches were used to balance competing goals of cost-effectiveness yet successful tree establishment without artificial irrigation or trenching. Bare root and unrooted cuttings were installed using either: (1) 1.2 m deep holes excavated with an 8 cm diameter auger using a direct-push rig and backfilled with the excavated, in situ soil; (2) 1.2 m deep holes created with a 23 cm diameter auger attached to a Bobcat rig and backfilled with clean topsoil from offsite; and (3) shallow holes between 15–30 cm deep that were created with a 1.3 cm diameter rod and no backfill. Tree mortality from initial plantings indicated contaminated zones not quantified in prior site investigations and remedial actions. Aquifer heterogeneity, underground utilities, and prior remediation infrastructure hampered the ability of the site to support a traditional experimental design. Total stem length and mortality were measured for all planted trees and were incorporated into a geographic information system. Planting early in the growing season, augering a larger diameter hole, and backfilling with clean, uncontaminated topsoil was cost effective and allowed for greater tree cutting growth and survival.
","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Online","doi":"10.1080/15226510903390395","usgsCitation":"Cook, R.L., Landmeyer, J., Atkinson, B., Messier, J., and Nichols, E.G., 2010, Field note--Successful establishment of a phytoremediation system at a petroleum-hydrocarbon contaminated shallow aquifer--Trends, trials, and tribulations: International Journal of Phytoremediation, v. 12, no. 7, p. 716-732, https://doi.org/10.1080/15226510903390395.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"716","endPage":"732","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358250,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"12","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f491c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cook, Rachel L.","contributorId":88270,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Atkinson, Brad","contributorId":77848,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Atkinson","given":"Brad","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Messier, Jean-Pierre","contributorId":208571,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Messier","given":"Jean-Pierre","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nichols, Elizabeth Guthrie","contributorId":51210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"Guthrie","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":70200018,"text":"70200018 - 2010 - Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T15:22:00","indexId":"70200018","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-20T15:21:31","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2662,"text":"Marine Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry","docAbstract":"The nitrogen (N) and oxygen (O) isotopic composition (δ15N and δ18O) of water soluble aerosol nitrate was measured in aerosol samples collected in Eilat, Israel, from August 2003 to November 2004. During this period δ15N values ranged from − 6.9‰ to + 1.9‰ and δ18O from + 65.1‰ to + 84.9‰ and exhibited strong seasonal variability with higher average δ15N values observed in the summer and higher δ18O values in the winter. Nitrate isotopic composition was compared with bulk chemical composition and extractable ion and trace metals on co-collected samples linking nitrate isotopic composition to various sources of aerosols to this region. Atmospheric processes impacting the isotopic signatures of nitrate were also considered.
Based on back trajectory analyses, the majority of NO3− came from air masses originating over the Mediterranean Sea (34%), Western Europe (20%) and the local Negev desert (19%), which contain a larger anthropogenic imprint compared to southern and eastern air masses which are dominated by mineral dust. The potential role of reactive mineral dust aerosols as a regulator of NO3− isotopic composition is considered; however, based on factor analysis, neither δ15N nor δ18O were associated with mineral dust components (such as Fe or Al), but rather with anthropogenic indicators such as Cu, Cd, P and Pb. Seasonality in primary NOx cycling reactions driven by seasonal changes in solar radiation, relative humidity and temperature also influence the observed isotopic signatures. The isotope data, together with trace element analysis, suggests that seasonal variations in both δ15NNO3 and δ18ONO3 are related to both NOx source and transport processes as well as NOx chemical reactions in the atmosphere.
The flux-weighted δ15N of aerosol NO3− in this area averaged − 2.6‰ making aerosol deposition a substantial contributor of low δ15N nitrogen to the oligotrophic waters of the Gulf of Aqaba. Thus, while the flux of atmospheric N to oligotrophic marine systems is smaller than the upward flux of NO3− from deep water, it nonetheless represents an important source of new N having a low δ15N. Further, if this low δ15N signature is not considered, it could interfere with N-fixation estimates based on isotopic composition of dissolved nitrate or particulate organic nitrogen. Thus, atmospheric deposition should be constrained for accurate estimates of marine N-fixation when based on δ15N in the ocean. Indeed, in the Gulf of Aqaba, low upper water δ15NNO3 values could be related to inputs of atmospheric NO3− as well as N-fixation.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.013","usgsCitation":"Wankel, S.D., Chen, Y., Kendall, C., Post, A., and Paytan, A., 2010, Sources of aerosol nitrate to the Gulf of Aqaba: Evidence from δ15N and δ18O of nitrate and trace metal chemistry: Marine Chemistry, v. 120, no. 1-4, p. 90-99, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.marchem.2009.01.013.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"90","endPage":"99","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358252,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Israel","otherGeospatial":"Gulf of Aqaba, Eliat","volume":"120","issue":"1-4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c6d3e4b034bf6a7f4925","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wankel, Scott D.","contributorId":98076,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wankel","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747824,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Chen, Ying","contributorId":208599,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Chen","given":"Ying","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747825,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendall, Carol 0000-0002-0247-3405 ckendall@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0247-3405","contributorId":1462,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendall","given":"Carol","email":"ckendall@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747826,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Post, A.F.","contributorId":104729,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Post","given":"A.F.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Paytan, Adina 0000-0001-8360-4712","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8360-4712","contributorId":193046,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Paytan","given":"Adina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":98462,"text":"tm6A35 - 2010 - PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-02T10:32:34","indexId":"tm6A35","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-A35","title":"PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions","docAbstract":"The computer program PHAST (PHREEQC And HST3D) simulates multicomponent, reactive solute transport in three-dimensional saturated groundwater flow systems. PHAST is a versatile groundwater flow and solute-transport simulator with capabilities to model a wide range of equilibrium and kinetic geochemical reactions. The flow and transport calculations are based on a modified version of HST3D that is restricted to constant fluid density and constant temperature. The geochemical reactions are simulated with the geochemical model PHREEQC, which is embedded in PHAST. Major enhancements in PHAST Version 2 allow spatial data to be defined in a combination of map and grid coordinate systems, independent of a specific model grid (without node-by-node input). At run time, aquifer properties are interpolated from the spatial data to the model grid; regridding requires only redefinition of the grid without modification of the spatial data.\r\n\r\nPHAST is applicable to the study of natural and contaminated groundwater systems at a variety of scales ranging from laboratory experiments to local and regional field scales. PHAST can be used in studies of migration of nutrients, inorganic and organic contaminants, and radionuclides; in projects such as aquifer storage and recovery or engineered remediation; and in investigations of the natural rock/water interactions in aquifers. PHAST is not appropriate for unsaturated-zone flow, multiphase flow, or density-dependent flow.\r\n\r\nA variety of boundary conditions are available in PHAST to simulate flow and transport, including specified-head, flux (specified-flux), and leaky (head-dependent) conditions, as well as the special cases of rivers, drains, and wells. Chemical reactions in PHAST include (1) homogeneous equilibria using an ion-association or Pitzer specific interaction thermodynamic model; (2) heterogeneous equilibria between the aqueous solution and minerals, ion exchange sites, surface complexation sites, solid solutions, and gases; and (3) kinetic reactions with rates that are a function of solution composition. The aqueous model (elements, chemical reactions, and equilibrium constants), minerals, exchangers, surfaces, gases, kinetic reactants, and rate expressions may be defined or modified by the user.\r\n\r\nA number of options are available to save results of simulations to output files. The data may be saved in three formats: a format suitable for viewing with a text editor; a format suitable for exporting to spreadsheets and postprocessing programs; and in Hierarchical Data Format (HDF), which is a compressed binary format. Data in the HDF file can be visualized on Windows computers with the program Model Viewer and extracted with the utility program PHASTHDF; both programs are distributed with PHAST.\r\n\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6A35","usgsCitation":"Parkhurst, D.L., Kipp, K.L., and Charlton, S.R., 2010, PHAST version 2-A program for simulating groundwater flow, solute transport, and multicomponent geochemical reactions: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-A35, xii, 235 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6A35.","productDescription":"xii, 235 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125554,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_a35.png"},{"id":13736,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06A35/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db6896d0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parkhurst, David L. 0000-0003-3348-1544 dlpark@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3348-1544","contributorId":1088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parkhurst","given":"David","email":"dlpark@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kipp, Kenneth L. klkipp@usgs.gov","contributorId":1633,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kipp","given":"Kenneth","email":"klkipp@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":305392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Charlton, Scott R. 0000-0001-7332-3394 charlton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7332-3394","contributorId":1632,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Charlton","given":"Scott","email":"charlton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":98464,"text":"sir20105008 - 2010 - Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:12","indexId":"sir20105008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5008","title":"Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon","docAbstract":"Management of water quality in streams of the United States is becoming increasingly complex as regulators seek to control aquatic pollution and ecological problems through Total Maximum Daily Load programs that target reductions in the concentrations of certain constituents. Sediment, nutrients, and bacteria, for example, are constituents that regulators target for reduction nationally and in the Tualatin River basin, Oregon. These constituents require laboratory analysis of discrete samples for definitive determinations of concentrations in streams. Recent technological advances in the nearly continuous, in situ monitoring of related water-quality parameters has fostered the use of these parameters as surrogates for the labor intensive, laboratory-analyzed constituents. Although these correlative techniques have been successful in large rivers, it was unclear whether they could be applied successfully in tributaries of the Tualatin River, primarily because these streams tend to be small, have rapid hydrologic response to rainfall and high streamflow variability, and may contain unique sources of sediment, nutrients, and bacteria. \r\n\r\nThis report evaluates the feasibility of developing correlative regression models for predicting dependent variables (concentrations of total suspended solids, total phosphorus, and Escherichia coli bacteria) in two Tualatin River basin streams: one draining highly urbanized land (Fanno Creek near Durham, Oregon) and one draining rural agricultural land (Dairy Creek at Highway 8 near Hillsboro, Oregon), during 2002-04. An important difference between these two streams is their response to storm runoff; Fanno Creek has a relatively rapid response due to extensive upstream impervious areas and Dairy Creek has a relatively slow response because of the large amount of undeveloped upstream land. Four other stream sites also were evaluated, but in less detail. Potential explanatory variables included continuously monitored streamflow (discharge), stream stage, specific conductance, turbidity, and time (to account for seasonal processes). Preliminary multiple-regression models were identified using stepwise regression and Mallow's Cp, which maximizes regression correlation coefficients and accounts for the loss of additional degrees of freedom when extra explanatory variables are used. Several data scenarios were created and evaluated for each site to assess the representativeness of existing monitoring data and autosampler-derived data, and to assess the utility of the available data to develop robust predictive models. The goodness-of-fit of candidate predictive models was assessed with diagnostic statistics from validation exercises that compared predictions against a subset of the available data.\r\n\r\nThe regression modeling met with mixed success. Functional model forms that have a high likelihood of success were identified for most (but not all) dependent variables at each site, but there were limitations in the available datasets, notably the lack of samples from high-flows. These limitations increase the uncertainty in the predictions of the models and suggest that the models are not yet ready for use in assessing these streams, particularly under high-flow conditions, without additional data collection and recalibration of model coefficients. Nonetheless, the results reveal opportunities to use existing resources more efficiently. Baseline conditions are well represented in the available data, and, for the most part, the models reproduced these conditions well. Future sampling might therefore focus on high flow conditions, without much loss of ability to characterize the baseline. Seasonal cycles, as represented by trigonometric functions of time, were not significant in the evaluated models, perhaps because the baseline conditions are well characterized in the datasets or because the other explanatory variables indirectly incorporate seasonal aspects. Multicollinearity among independent variabl","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Clean Water Services","usgsCitation":"Anderson, C., and Rounds, S.A., 2010, Use of Continuous Monitors and Autosamplers to Predict Unmeasured Water-Quality Constituents in Tributaries of the Tualatin River, Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5008, viii, 76 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105008.","productDescription":"viii, 76 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125553,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5008.jpg"},{"id":13749,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Oregon Lambert","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.750277777777775 ], [ -122.5,45.36666666666667 ], [ -123.5,45.36666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db6051d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Anderson, Chauncey W. 0000-0002-1016-3781 chauncey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1016-3781","contributorId":1151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anderson","given":"Chauncey W.","email":"chauncey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":305396,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rounds, Stewart A. 0000-0002-8540-2206 sarounds@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8540-2206","contributorId":905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rounds","given":"Stewart","email":"sarounds@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305395,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":98455,"text":"sir20105031 - 2010 - Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20105031","displayToPublicDate":"2010-06-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5031","title":"Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005","docAbstract":"Estimates of water withdrawals in the United States part of the Great Lakes Basin and 107 of its watersheds designated by the 8-digit hydrologic unit code (HUCs) indicate that about 30.3 billion gallons per day (Bgal/d) were withdrawn for practically all categories of use in 2005. Virtually all water withdrawn was freshwater. Surface-water withdrawals totaled 28.8 Bgal/d, or 95 percent of total withdrawals; about 24 Bgal/d was withdrawn from the Great Lakes or their connecting channels. Total withdrawals, and total surface-water withdrawals, decreased 7 percent from 1995 to 2005, generally following the withdrawal trends of industrial use and that of the largest use-thermoelectric power. Groundwater withdrawals increased 3 percent from 1995 to 2005 and 33 percent during 1985-2005. The substantial increase since 1985 results primarily from increases in irrigation and self-supplied domestic withdrawals. In 2005, withdrawals for public supply, domestic, and irrigation use accounted for 81 percent of groundwater withdrawals.\r\n\r\nAbout 21.9 Bgal/d, or 72 percent of total withdrawals for 2005, was used for thermoelectric power. Virtually all of this water was derived from surface water and used for once-through cooling at powerplants. As such, the reuse potential of this water in the basin is high, with the majority of the withdrawn water returned to its surface-water source.\r\n\r\nPublic-supply withdrawals were 3.81 Bgal/d (13 percent), with withdrawals declining by about 13 percent from 1995 to 2005. In 2005, about 77 percent of the population in the Great Lakes Basin obtained drinking water from public suppliers, compared to about 78 percent in 1995 and 83 percent in 1985. Surface water consistently provided about 88 percent of the total withdrawals for public supply since 1985.\r\n\r\nSelf-supplied industrial withdrawals in 2005 totaled 2.93 Bgal/d (10 percent), possibly as much as 30 percent less than in 1995. Surface water was the source for 95 percent of industrial withdrawals. Combined withdrawals for mining, irrigation, domestic, aquaculture, and livestock use (in order of decreasing rate) were 1.63 Bgal/d, or only 5 percent of total withdrawals; the withdrawals were distributed almost equally between surface-water and groundwater sources. Withdrawals for each of these uses, except livestock, increased almost continuously during 1985-2005. Withdrawals for mining increased 103 percent and for irrigation 94 percent during 1985-2005; livestock withdrawals decreased 25 percent from their peak in 1990. The number of irrigated acres increased 56 percent since 1985, totaling 750,000 acres in 2005. No use of reclaimed wastewater for industrial or irrigation applications was reported; however, sources of information regarding its use were sparse. \r\n\r\nWithin the basin, the Lake Michigan watershed accounted for 15.0 Bgal/d, or 49 percent, of total water withdrawals for 2005; an estimated 12.3 Bgal/d was withdrawn directly from Lake Michigan. The State of Michigan accounted for 38 percent of total water withdrawals, representing the largest surface-water withdrawals (primarily for thermoelectric power use) and groundwater withdrawals (primarily for public supply and self-supplied domestic use). A disproportionately large percentage of surface-water withdrawals (6 percent, 1.80 Bgal/d) were in Illinois, given this state represents less than 1 percent of the land area of the basin. Ninety percent of the Illinois population served by the water withdrawn from Lake Michigan for public supply resides outside the basin. Within land-based HUCs, the Lower Maumee (04100009) of Ohio accounted for the largest total withdrawal and total surface-water withdrawal (about 0.75 Bgal/d). The St. Joseph (04050001) of Michigan and Indiana accounted for the largest total groundwater withdrawal (0.25 Bgal/d). \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105031","collaboration":"National Water Availability and Use Pilot Program","usgsCitation":"Mills, P., and Sharpe, J.B., 2010, Estimated Withdrawals and Other Elements of Water Use in the Great Lakes Basin of the United States in 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5031, ix, 95 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105031.","productDescription":"ix, 95 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125911,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5031.jpg"},{"id":13728,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5031/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -95,40 ], [ -95,52 ], [ -72,52 ], [ -72,40 ], [ -95,40 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db68493f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mills, P.C. pcmills@usgs.gov","contributorId":3810,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mills","given":"P.C.","email":"pcmills@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":344,"text":"Illinois Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharpe, Jennifer B. 0000-0002-5192-7848 jbsharpe@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5192-7848","contributorId":2825,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharpe","given":"Jennifer","email":"jbsharpe@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":305356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}