{"pageNumber":"200","pageRowStart":"4975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":10466,"records":[{"id":70042314,"text":"70042314 - 2010 - 230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T17:44:17.008675","indexId":"70042314","displayToPublicDate":"2013-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1723,"text":"GSA Bulletin","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"displayTitle":"<sup>230</sup>Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault","title":"230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault","docAbstract":"U-series dating of pedogenic carbonate-clast coatings provides a reliable, precise minimum age of 45.1 ± 0.6 ka (2σ) for the T2 geomorphic surface of the Biskra Palms alluvial fan, Coachella Valley, California. Concordant ages for multiple subsamples from individual carbonate coatings provide evidence that the <sup>238</sup>U-<sup>234</sup>U-<sup>230</sup>Th system has remained closed since carbonate formation. The U-series minimum age is used to assess previously published <sup>10</sup>Be exposure ages of cobbles and boulders. All but one cobble age and some boulder <sup>10</sup>Be ages are younger than the U-series minimum age, indicating that surface cobbles and some boulders were partially shielded after deposition of the fan and have been subsequently exhumed by erosion of fine-grained matrix to expose them on the present fan surface. A comparison of U-series and <sup>10</sup>Be ages indicates that the interval between final alluvial deposition on the T2 fan surface and accumulation of dateable carbonate is not well resolved at Biskra Palms; however, the “time lag” inherent to dating via U-series on pedogenic carbonate can be no larger than ∼10 k.y., the uncertainty of the <sup>10</sup>Be-derived age of the T2 fan surface. Dating of the T2 fan surface via U-series on pedogenic carbonate (minimum age, 45.1 ± 0.6 ka) and <sup>10</sup>Be on boulder-top samples using forward modeling (preferred age, 50 ± 5 ka) provides broadly consistent constraints on the age of the fan surface and helps to elucidate its postdepositional development.","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, CO","doi":"10.1130/B30018.1","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, K.E., Sharp, W.D., Kendrick, K.J., Behr, W.M., Hudnut, K.W., and Hanks, T.C., 2010, 230Th/U dating of a late Pleistocene alluvial fan along the southern San Andreas fault: GSA Bulletin, v. 122, no. 9-10, p. 1347-1359, https://doi.org/10.1130/B30018.1.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1347","endPage":"1359","ipdsId":"IP-012684","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":268372,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Coachella Valley","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -116.13510131835938,\n              33.46696235807553\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.04995727539064,\n              33.58144708224173\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07879638671874,\n              33.65806700735442\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.07879638671874,\n              33.720913019358676\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.24633789062499,\n              33.863573814253485\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.51550292968749,\n              34.00144280255186\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.58416748046875,\n              33.99575015925125\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.62399291992186,\n              33.93310591314123\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.54434204101561,\n              33.84190469789482\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.42074584960936,\n              33.78827853625996\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.30538940429688,\n              33.71977077483141\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.26419067382811,\n              33.610044573695646\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.21612548828124,\n              33.571149664447326\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.18453979492186,\n              33.52193393882357\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.17218017578124,\n              33.49445251114959\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.13510131835938,\n              33.46696235807553\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"122","issue":"9-10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-05-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"539a2a23e4b0a59b26497040","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Kathryn E.K.","contributorId":25050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"E.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharp, Warren D.","contributorId":72272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharp","given":"Warren","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kendrick, Katherine J. 0000-0002-9839-6861 kendrick@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-6861","contributorId":2716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kendrick","given":"Katherine","email":"kendrick@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471258,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Behr, Whitney M.","contributorId":21040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Behr","given":"Whitney","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":471260,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hudnut, Kenneth W. 0000-0002-3168-4797 hudnut@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3168-4797","contributorId":2550,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hudnut","given":"Kenneth","email":"hudnut@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":508,"text":"Office of the AD Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471257,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hanks, Thomas C. 0000-0003-0928-0056 thanks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0928-0056","contributorId":3065,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hanks","given":"Thomas","email":"thanks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":471259,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70042092,"text":"70042092 - 2010 - Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-18T13:43:43","indexId":"70042092","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1213,"text":"Chemical Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering","docAbstract":"Concentrations of weathering products in streams often show relatively little variation compared to changes in discharge, both at event and annual scales. In this study, several hypothesized mechanisms for this “chemostatic behavior” were evaluated, and the potential for those mechanisms to influence relations between climate, weathering fluxes, and CO<sub>2</sub> consumption via mineral weathering was assessed. Data from Loch Vale, an alpine catchment in the Colorado Rocky Mountains, indicates that cation exchange and seasonal precipitation and dissolution of amorphous or poorly crystalline aluminosilicates are important processes that help regulate solute concentrations in the stream; however, those processes have no direct effect on CO<sub>2</sub> consumption in catchments. Hydrograph separation analyses indicate that old water stored in the subsurface over the winter accounts for about one-quarter of annual streamflow, and almost one-half of annual fluxes of Na and SiO<sub>2</sub> in the stream; thus, flushing of old water by new water (snowmelt) is an important component of chemostatic behavior. Hydrologic flushing of subsurface materials further induces chemostatic behavior by reducing mineral saturation indices and increasing reactive mineral surface area, which stimulate mineral weathering rates. CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by carbonic acid mediated mineral weathering was quantified using mass-balance calculations; results indicated that silicate mineral weathering was responsible for approximately two-thirds of annual CO<sub>2</sub> consumption, and carbonate weathering was responsible for the remaining one-third. CO<sub>2</sub> consumption was strongly dependent on annual precipitation and temperature; these relations were captured in a simple statistical model that accounted for 71% of the annual variation in CO<sub>2</sub> consumption via mineral weathering in Loch Vale.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014","usgsCitation":"Clow, D.W., and Mast, M.A., 2010, Mechanisms for chemostatic behavior in catchments: implications for CO<sub>2</sub> consumption by mineral weathering: Chemical Geology, v. 269, no. 1-2, p. 40-51, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"40","endPage":"51","ipdsId":"IP-017755","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264971,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264970,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.chemgeo.2009.09.014"}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Loch Vale","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,41.0 ], [ -102.0,37.0 ], [ -109.0,37.0 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"269","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d168e4b0a4aa5bb0b274","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Clow, David W. 0000-0001-6183-4824 dwclow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6183-4824","contributorId":1671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Clow","given":"David","email":"dwclow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mast, M. Alisa 0000-0001-6253-8162 mamast@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6253-8162","contributorId":827,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mast","given":"M.","email":"mamast@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Alisa","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041922,"text":"70041922 - 2010 - Method for calculating self-noise spectra and operating ranges for seismographic inertial sensors and recorders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-31T13:49:35","indexId":"70041922","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3372,"text":"Seismological Research Letters","onlineIssn":"1938-2057","printIssn":"0895-0695","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Method for calculating self-noise spectra and operating ranges for seismographic inertial sensors and recorders","docAbstract":"Understanding the performance of sensors and recorders is prerequisite to making appropriate use of them in seismology and earthquake engineering. This paper explores a critical aspect of instrument performance, the “self” noise level of the device and the amplitude range it can usefully record. Self noise limits the smallest signals, while instrument clipping level creates the upper limit (above which it either cannot produce signals or becomes unacceptably nonlinear). Where these levels fall, and the “operating range” between them, determines much of the instrument's viability and the applications for which it is appropriate. The representation of seismic-instrument self-noise levels and their effective operating ranges (cf., dynamic range) for seismological inertial sensors, recorders (data acquisition units, or DAUs), and integrated systems of sensors and recorders (data acquisition systems, or DASs) forces one to address an unnatural comparison between transient finite-bandwidth signals, such as earthquake records, and the instrument's self noise, an effectively stationary signal of infinite duration. In addition to being transient, earthquakes and other records of interest are characterized by a peak amplitude and generally a narrow, peaked spectral shape. Unfortunately, any power spectrum computed for such transient signals is ill defined, since the maximum of that spectrum depends strongly upon signal and record durations. In contrast, the noise floor of an instrument is approximately stationary and properly described by a power spectral density (PSD) or its root (rPSD). Put another way, earthquake records have units of amplitude (<i>e.g.</i>, m/s<sup>2</sup>) while PSDs have units of amplitude-squared per hertz (<i>e.g.</i>, (m/s<sup>2</sup>)<sup>2</sup>/Hz) and the rPSD has units of amplitude per root of hertz (<i>e.g.</i>, (m/s<sup>2</sup>)/Hz<sup>1/2</sup>). Thus, this incompatability is a conflict between earthquake (amplitude) and PSD (spectral density) units that requires one to make various assumptions before they can be compared. For purposes of instrument operational performance, we provide a means of evaluating signal and noise and the range between them in a manner representative of time-domain instrument performance. We call these “operating range diagrams” (ORDs), plots of instrument self noise and clipping level; the “operating range” is the range between these values. For frequency-domain performance we elect to show self noise as an rPSD that may be compared to another instrument's noise or to ambient Earth noise (<i>e.g.</i>, Peterson 1993); however, to limit the number of arbitrary choices required to merge transient and stationary signals we do not compare the rPSD to transient signals in the frequency domain. Our solution for a time-domain comparison is not new but rather builds upon the consensus of the first and second Guidelines for Seismometer Testing workshops (Hutt <i>et al.</i> 2009) and long established practice in acoustics. We propose this method as a standard for characterizing seismic instruments, and it has been endorsed by the second workshop (Hutt <i>et al.</i> 2009, 2010) and the Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS) Working Group (2008) and recent ANSS procurement specifications.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Seismological Research Letters","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Seismological Society of America","publisherLocation":"El Cerrito, CA","doi":"10.1785/gssrl.81.4.640","usgsCitation":"Evans, J.R., Followill, F., Hutt, C.R., Kromer, R., Nigbor, R., Ringler, A., Steim, J., and Wielandt, E., 2010, Method for calculating self-noise spectra and operating ranges for seismographic inertial sensors and recorders: Seismological Research Letters, v. 81, no. 4, p. 640-646, https://doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.4.640.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"640","endPage":"646","ipdsId":"IP-015382","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264981,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1785/gssrl.81.4.640"},{"id":264982,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"81","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e5d16de4b0a4aa5bb0b283","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Evans, John R. jrevans@usgs.gov","contributorId":529,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"John","email":"jrevans@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470385,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Followill, F.","contributorId":93357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Followill","given":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470391,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hutt, Charles R. 0000-0001-9033-9195 bhutt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9033-9195","contributorId":1622,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutt","given":"Charles","email":"bhutt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kromer, R.P.","contributorId":21838,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kromer","given":"R.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nigbor, R.L.","contributorId":30699,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nigbor","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470389,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ringler, A. T. 0000-0002-9839-4188","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9839-4188","contributorId":99282,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringler","given":"A. T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470392,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Steim, J.M.","contributorId":88230,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steim","given":"J.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470390,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Wielandt, E.","contributorId":15488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wielandt","given":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70042029,"text":"70042029 - 2010 - Lakewide estimates of alewife biomass and Chinook salmon abundance and consumption in Lake Ontario, 1989–2005: implications for prey fish sustainability","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-12-28T11:12:05","indexId":"70042029","displayToPublicDate":"2012-12-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3624,"text":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Lakewide estimates of alewife biomass and Chinook salmon abundance and consumption in Lake Ontario, 1989–2005: implications for prey fish sustainability","docAbstract":"Stocking levels of Chinook salmon <i>Oncorhynchus tshawytscha</i> for Lake Ontario have been highly controversial since the early 1990s, largely because of uncertainties about lakewide abundance and rates of prey consumption. Previous estimates have focused on years before 1995; since then, however, the Lake Ontario ecosystem has undergone substantial changes, and there is new evidence of extensive natural recruitment. Presented here are new abundance estimates of Chinook salmon and alewives <i>Alosa pseudoharengus</i> in Lake Ontario and a reevaluation of the potential risk of alewife population collapse. We found that Lake Ontario has been supporting, on average (1989–2005), 1.83 × 10<sup>6</sup> (range, 1.08 × 10<sup>6</sup> to 3.24 × 10<sup>6</sup>) Chinook salmon of ages 1–4, amounting to a mean annual biomass of 11.33 × 10<sup>3</sup> metric tons (range, 5.83 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 23.04 × 10<sup>3</sup> metric tons). During the same period (1989–2005), the lake supported an alewife biomass of 173.66 × 103 metric tons (range, 62.37 × 10<sup>3</sup> to 345.49 × 10<sup>3</sup> metric tons); Chinook salmon of ages 1–4 consumed, on average, 22% (range, 11–44%) of the alewife biomass annually. Because our estimates probably underestimate total consumption and because Chinook salmon are only one of several salmonine species that depend on alewives, predation pressure on the Lake Ontario alewife population may be high enough to raise concerns about long-term stability of this predator–prey system.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Transactions of the American Fisheries Society","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Taylor & Francis Group","publisherLocation":"London, UK","doi":"10.1577/T08-216.1","usgsCitation":"Murry, B.A., Connerton, M., O’Gorman, R., Stewart, D.J., and Ringlerd, N.H., 2010, Lakewide estimates of alewife biomass and Chinook salmon abundance and consumption in Lake Ontario, 1989–2005: implications for prey fish sustainability: Transactions of the American Fisheries Society, v. 139, no. 1, p. 223-240, https://doi.org/10.1577/T08-216.1.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"223","endPage":"240","ipdsId":"IP-016135","costCenters":[{"id":324,"text":"Great Lakes Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264875,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1577/T08-216.1"},{"id":264877,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Lake Ontario","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.0,43.17 ], [ -80.0,44.36 ], [ -76.0,44.36 ], [ -76.0,43.17 ], [ -80.0,43.17 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"139","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2011-01-09","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50df5923e4b0dfbe79e6b828","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Murry, Brent A.","contributorId":16294,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murry","given":"Brent","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connerton, Michael J.","contributorId":21435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Connerton","given":"Michael J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"O’Gorman, Robert rogorman@usgs.gov","contributorId":3451,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Gorman","given":"Robert","email":"rogorman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":470631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Stewart, Donald J.","contributorId":33660,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Donald","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ringlerd, Neil H.","contributorId":52860,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ringlerd","given":"Neil","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70006006,"text":"70006006 - 2010 - Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in Iowa streams: An examination of underinvestigated compounds in agricultural basins","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T09:55:00","indexId":"70006006","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-27T09:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2262,"text":"Journal of Environmental Quality","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in Iowa streams: An examination of underinvestigated compounds in agricultural basins","docAbstract":"This study provides the first broad-scale investigation on the spatial and temporal occurrence of phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in streams in the United States. Fifteen stream sites across Iowa were sampled five times throughout the 2008 growing season to capture a range of climatic and crop-growth conditions. Basin size upstream from sampling sites ranged from 7 km<sup>2</sup> to >836,000 km<sup>2</sup> Atrazine (herbicide) also was measured in all samples as a frame-of-reference agriculturally derived contaminant. Target compounds were frequently detected in stream samples: atrazine (100%), formononetin (80%), equol (45%), deoxynivalenol (43%), daidzein (32%), biochanin A (23%), zearalenone (13%), and genistein (11%). The nearly ubiquitous detection of formononetin (isoflavone) suggests a widespread agricultural source, as one would expect with the intense row crop and livestock production present across Iowa. Conversely, the less spatially widespread detections of deoxynivalenol (mycotoxin) suggest a more variable source due to the required combination of proper host and proper temperature and moisture conditions necessary to promote <i>Fusarium</i> spp. infections. Although atrazine concentrations commonly exceeded 100 ng L<sup>-1</sup> (42/75 measurements), only deoxynivalenol (6/56 measurements) had concentrations that occasionally exceeded this level. Temporal patterns in concentrations varied substantially between atrazine, formononetin, and deoxynivalenol, as one would expect for contaminants with different source inputs and processes of formation and degradation. The greatest phytoestrogen and mycotoxin concentrations were observed during spring snowmelt conditions. Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins were detected at all sampling sites regardless of basin size. The ecotoxicological effects from long-term, low-level exposures to phytoestrogens and mycotoxins or complex chemicals mixtures including these compounds that commonly take place in surface water are poorly understood and have yet to be systematically investigated in environmental studies.","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Agronomy","publisherLocation":"Madison, WI","doi":"10.2134/jeq2010.0121","usgsCitation":"Kolpin, D.W., Hoerger, C.C., Meyer, M.T., Wettstein, F.E., Hubbard, L.E., and Bucheli, T.D., 2010, Phytoestrogens and mycotoxins in Iowa streams: An examination of underinvestigated compounds in agricultural basins: Journal of Environmental Quality, v. 39, no. 6, p. 2089-2099, https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0121.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"2089","endPage":"2099","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475485,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/jeq2010.0121","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":257132,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Iowa","volume":"39","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a7b30e4b0c8380cd792e0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kolpin, Dana W. 0000-0002-3529-6505 dwkolpin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3529-6505","contributorId":1239,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kolpin","given":"Dana","email":"dwkolpin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353632,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hoerger, Corinne C.","contributorId":104357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoerger","given":"Corinne","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Meyer, Michael T. 0000-0001-6006-7985 mmeyer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6006-7985","contributorId":866,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Meyer","given":"Michael","email":"mmeyer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353631,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wettstein, Felix E.","contributorId":96974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wettstein","given":"Felix","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hubbard, Laura E. 0000-0003-3813-1500 lhubbard@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3813-1500","contributorId":4221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubbard","given":"Laura","email":"lhubbard@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":353633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Bucheli, Thomas D.","contributorId":71455,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bucheli","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70003306,"text":"70003306 - 2010 - Interacting parasites","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-05-24T16:04:16.116627","indexId":"70003306","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-23T09:51:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3338,"text":"Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Interacting parasites","docAbstract":"<p id=\"p-3\">Parasitism is the most popular life-style on Earth, and many vertebrates host more than one kind of parasite at a time. A common assumption is that parasite species rarely interact, because they often exploit different tissues in a host, and this use of discrete resources limits competition (<a id=\"xref-ref-1-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6001/187#ref-1\" data-mce-href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6001/187#ref-1\"><i>1</i></a>). On page<span>&nbsp;</span><a href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1190333\" data-mce-href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/lookup/doi/10.1126/science.1190333\">243</a><span>&nbsp;</span>of this issue, however, Telfer<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(<a id=\"xref-ref-2-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6001/187#ref-2\" data-mce-href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6001/187#ref-2\"><i>2</i></a>) provide a convincing case of a highly interactive parasite community in voles, and show how infection with one parasite can affect susceptibility to others. If some human parasites are equally interactive, our current, disease-by-disease approach to modeling and treating infectious diseases is inadequate (<a id=\"xref-ref-3-1\" class=\"xref-bibr\" href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6001/187#ref-3\" data-mce-href=\"https://science.sciencemag.org/content/330/6001/187#ref-3\"><i>3</i></a>).</p><p id=\"p-4\">Telfer<span>&nbsp;</span><i>et al.</i>'s study—which involved tracking infections of four different parasites by taking blood samples from nearly 6000 wild voles (<i>Microtus agrestis</i>) over 5 years—helps highlight our growing understanding of how parasites can interact in complex ways (see the figure). What are some of the take-home messages?</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Association for the Advancement of Science","doi":"10.1126/science.1196915","usgsCitation":"Lafferty, K.D., 2010, Interacting parasites: Science, v. 330, no. 6001, p. 187-188, https://doi.org/10.1126/science.1196915.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"187","endPage":"188","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257070,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"330","issue":"6001","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ca7e4b0c8380cd62f08","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lafferty, Kevin D. 0000-0001-7583-4593 klafferty@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7583-4593","contributorId":1415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lafferty","given":"Kevin","email":"klafferty@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":346845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70003336,"text":"70003336 - 2010 - Influence of potential sea level rise on societal vulnerability to hurricane storm-surge hazards, Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T17:30:56.577126","indexId":"70003336","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-21T11:10:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":836,"text":"Applied Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Influence of potential sea level rise on societal vulnerability to hurricane storm-surge hazards, Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"Although the potential for hurricanes under current climatic conditions continue to threaten coastal communities, there is concern that climate change, specifically potential increases in sea level, could influence the impacts of future hurricanes. To examine the potential effect of sea level rise on community vulnerability to future hurricanes, we assess variations in socioeconomic exposure in Sarasota County, FL, to contemporary hurricane storm-surge hazards and to storm-surge hazards enhanced by sea level rise scenarios. Analysis indicates that significant portions of the population, economic activity, and critical facilities are in contemporary and future hurricane storm-surge hazard zones. The addition of sea level rise to contemporary storm-surge hazard zones effectively causes population and asset (infrastructure, natural resources, etc) exposure to be equal to or greater than what is in the hazard zone of the next higher contemporary Saffir&ndash;Simpson hurricane category. There is variability among communities for this increased exposure, with greater increases in socioeconomic exposure due to the addition of sea level rise to storm-surge hazard zones as one progresses south along the shoreline. Analysis of the 2050 comprehensive land use plan suggests efforts to manage future growth in residential, economic and infrastructure development in Sarasota County may increase societal exposure to hurricane storm-surge hazards.","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.005","usgsCitation":"Frazier, T.G., Wood, N., Yarnal, B., and Bauer, D.H., 2010, Influence of potential sea level rise on societal vulnerability to hurricane storm-surge hazards, Sarasota County, Florida: Applied Geography, v. 30, no. 4, p. 490-505, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.005.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"490","endPage":"505","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257015,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Sarasota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.72499084472656,\n              27.010196431931526\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25669860839844,\n              27.010196431931526\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25669860839844,\n              27.502790131319642\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72499084472656,\n              27.502790131319642\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72499084472656,\n              27.010196431931526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3b66e4b0c8380cd624d3","chorus":{"doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.005","url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.005","publisher":"Elsevier BV","authors":"Frazier Tim G., Wood Nathan, Yarnal Brent, Bauer Denise H.","journalName":"Applied Geography","publicationDate":"12/2010","auditedOn":"10/29/2014"},"contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazier, Tim G.","contributorId":64793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazier","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346942,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346943,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346941,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bauer, Denise H.","contributorId":94171,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Denise","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346944,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003895,"text":"70003895 - 2010 - Evidence for a novel marine harmful algal bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) transfer from land to sea otters","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-22T10:33:40","indexId":"70003895","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-20T10:40:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2980,"text":"PLoS ONE","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Evidence for a novel marine harmful algal bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) transfer from land to sea otters","docAbstract":"\"Super-blooms\" of cyanobacteria that produce potent and environmentally persistent biotoxins (microcystins) are an emerging global health issue in freshwater habitats. Monitoring of the marine environment for secondary impacts has been minimal, although microcystin-contaminated freshwater is known to be entering marine ecosystems. Here we confirm deaths of marine mammals from microcystin intoxication and provide evidence implicating land-sea flow with trophic transfer through marine invertebrates as the most likely route of exposure. This hypothesis was evaluated through environmental detection of potential freshwater and marine microcystin sources, sea otter necropsy with biochemical analysis of tissues and evaluation of bioaccumulation of freshwater microcystins by marine invertebrates. Ocean discharge of freshwater microcystins was confirmed for three nutrient-impaired rivers flowing into the Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary, and microcystin concentrations up to 2,900 ppm (2.9 million ppb) were detected in a freshwater lake and downstream tributaries to within 1 km of the ocean. Deaths of 21 southern sea otters, a federally listed threatened species, were linked to microcystin intoxication. Finally, farmed and free-living marine clams, mussels and oysters of species that are often consumed by sea otters and humans exhibited significant biomagnification (to 107 times ambient water levels) and slow depuration of freshwater cyanotoxins, suggesting a potentially serious environmental and public health threat that extends from the lowest trophic levels of nutrient-impaired freshwater habitat to apex marine predators. Microcystin-poisoned sea otters were commonly recovered near river mouths and harbors and contaminated marine bivalves were implicated as the most likely source of this potent hepatotoxin for wild otters. This is the first report of deaths of marine mammals due to cyanotoxins and confirms the existence of a novel class of marine \"harmful algal bloom\" in the Pacific coastal environment; that of hepatotoxic shellfish poisoning (HSP), suggesting that animals and humans are at risk from microcystin poisoning when consuming shellfish harvested at the land-sea interface.","language":"English","publisher":"Public Library of Science","doi":"10.1371/journal.pone.0012576","usgsCitation":"Miller, M.A., Kudela, R.M., Mekebri, A., Crane, D., Oates, S.C., Tinker, M.T., Staedler, M., Miller, W.A., Toy-Choutka, S., Dominik, C., Hardin, D., Langlois, G., Murray, M., Ward, K., and Jessup, D., 2010, Evidence for a novel marine harmful algal bloom: Cyanotoxin (Microcystin) transfer from land to sea otters: PLoS ONE, v. 5, no. 9, p. 1-11, https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012576.","productDescription":"e12576; 11 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"11","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475490,"rank":1,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0012576","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":256990,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Monterey Bay National Marine Sanctuary","volume":"5","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-09-10","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0d30e4b0c8380cd52e76","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, Melissa A.","contributorId":57701,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Miller","given":"Melissa","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39007,"text":"CA Dept of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349350,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kudela, Raphael M.","contributorId":95313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kudela","given":"Raphael","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349355,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mekebri, Abdu","contributorId":17859,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mekebri","given":"Abdu","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349344,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Crane, Dave","contributorId":72629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crane","given":"Dave","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349351,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Oates, Stori C.","contributorId":84196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oates","given":"Stori","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349353,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tinker, M. Tim 0000-0002-3314-839X ttinker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3314-839X","contributorId":2796,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tinker","given":"M.","email":"ttinker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Tim","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":349352,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Staedler, Michelle","contributorId":45154,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staedler","given":"Michelle","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349347,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Miller, Woutrina A.","contributorId":40050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Woutrina","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349345,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Toy-Choutka, Sharon","contributorId":47214,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Toy-Choutka","given":"Sharon","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349348,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Dominik, Clare","contributorId":100229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dominik","given":"Clare","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349357,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Hardin, Dane","contributorId":92898,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardin","given":"Dane","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349354,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Langlois, Gregg","contributorId":8318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langlois","given":"Gregg","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349343,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Murray, Michael","contributorId":51561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Murray","given":"Michael","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349349,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13},{"text":"Ward, Kim","contributorId":96935,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward","given":"Kim","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":349356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":14},{"text":"Jessup, David A.","contributorId":43206,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Jessup","given":"David A.","affiliations":[{"id":6952,"text":"California Department of Fish and Wildlife","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":349346,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":15}]}}
,{"id":70003788,"text":"70003788 - 2010 - Estimating migratory game-bird productivity by integrating age ratio and banding data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-05-17T01:01:41","indexId":"70003788","displayToPublicDate":"2012-05-08T10:06:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3777,"text":"Wildlife Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimating migratory game-bird productivity by integrating age ratio and banding data","docAbstract":"<p><b>Context:</b> Reproduction is a critical component of fitness, and understanding factors that influence temporal and spatial dynamics in reproductive output is important for effective management and conservation. Although several indices of reproductive output for wide-ranging species, such as migratory birds, exist, there has been no theoretical justification for their estimators or associated measures of variance.</p>\n<p><b>Aims:</b> The aims of our research were to develop statistical justification for an estimator of reproduction and associated variances on the basis of an existing national wing-collection survey and banding data, and to demonstrate the applicability of this estimator to a migratory game bird.</p>\n<p><b>Methods:</b> We used a Bayesian hierarchical modelling approach to integrate wing-collection data, which provides information on population age ratios, and band-recovery data, which provides information on recovery probabilities of various age classes, for American woodcock (<i>Scolopax minor</i>) to estimate productivity and associated measures of variance. We present two models of relative vulnerability between age classes: one model assumed that adult recovery probabilities were higher, but that annual fluctuations were synchronous between the two age classes (i.e. an additive effect of age and year). The second model assumed that adults, on average, had higher recovery probabilities than did juveniles and that annual fluctuations were asynchronous through time (i.e. an interaction between age and year).</p>\n<p><b>Key results:</b> Fitting our models within a hierarchical Bayesian framework efficiently incorporates the two data types into a single estimator and derives appropriate variances for the productivity estimator. Further, use of Bayesian methods enabled us to derive credible intervals that avoid the reliance on asymptotic assumptions. When applied to American woodcock data, the additive model resulted in biologically realistic and more precise age-ratio estimates each year and is adequate when the relative vulnerability to sampling only slightly varies or does not vary among components of a population (e.g. age, sex class) among years. Therefore, we recommend using woodcock indices from our analysis based on this model.</p>\n<p><b>Conclusions:</b> We provide a flexible modelling framework for estimating productivity and associated variances that can incorporate ecological covariates to explore various factors that could drive annual dynamics in productivity. Applying our model to the American woodcock data indicated that assumptions about the variability in relative recovery probabilities could greatly influence the precision of our productivity estimator. Therefore, researchers should carefully consider the assumption of temporally variable relative recovery probabilities (i.e. ratio of juvenile to adults' recovery probability) for different age classes when applying this estimator.</p>\n<p><b>Implications:</b> Several national and international management strategies for migratory game birds in North America rely on measures of productivity from harvest survey parts collections, without a justification of the estimator or providing estimates of precision. We derive an estimator of productivity with realistic measures of uncertainty that can be directly incorporated into management plans or ecological studies across large spatial scales.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Wildlife Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"CSIRO Publishing","publisherLocation":"Collingwood, Victoria, Australia","doi":"10.1071/WR10062","usgsCitation":"Zimmerman, G., Link, W., Conroy, M., Sauer, J., Richkus, K., and Boomer, G., 2010, Estimating migratory game-bird productivity by integrating age ratio and banding data: Wildlife Research, v. 37, no. 7, p. 612-622, https://doi.org/10.1071/WR10062.","productDescription":"11 p.","startPage":"612","endPage":"622","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":531,"text":"Patuxent Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":256873,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":21741,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1071/WR10062","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"37","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b2de4b0c8380cd525e8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zimmerman, G.S.","contributorId":16126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zimmerman","given":"G.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348842,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Link, W.A. 0000-0002-9913-0256","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9913-0256","contributorId":8815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Link","given":"W.A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conroy, M.J.","contributorId":84690,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conroy","given":"M.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sauer, J.R. 0000-0002-4557-3019","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4557-3019","contributorId":66197,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sauer","given":"J.R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348843,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Richkus, K.D.","contributorId":6297,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richkus","given":"K.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Boomer, G. Scott","contributorId":84603,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boomer","given":"G. Scott","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":70037764,"text":"70037764 - 2010 - Analysis of pelagic species decline in the upper San Francisco Estuary using multivariate autoregressive modeling (MAR)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-13T16:06:21.339626","indexId":"70037764","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-25T13:37:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1450,"text":"Ecological Applications","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of pelagic species decline in the upper San Francisco Estuary using multivariate autoregressive modeling (MAR)","docAbstract":"Four species of pelagic fish of particular management concern in the upper San Francisco Estuary, California, USA, have declined precipitously since ca. 2002: delta smelt (<i>Hypomesus transpacificus</i>), longfin smelt (<i>Spirinchus thaleichthys</i>), striped bass (<i>Morone saxatilis</i>), and threadfin shad (<i>Dorosoma petenense</i>). The estuary has been monitored since the late 1960s with extensive collection of data on the fishes, their pelagic prey, phytoplankton biomass, invasive species, and physical factors. We used multivariate autoregressive (MAR) modeling to discern the main factors responsible for the declines. An expert-elicited model was built to describe the system. Fifty-four relationships were built into the model, only one of which was of uncertain direction a priori. Twenty-eight of the proposed relationships were strongly supported by or consistent with the data, while 26 were close to zero (not supported by the data but not contrary to expectations). The position of the 2&#137; isohaline (a measure of the physical response of the estuary to freshwater flow) and increased water clarity over the period of analyses were two factors affecting multiple declining taxa (including fishes and the fishes' main zooplankton prey). Our results were relatively robust with respect to the form of stock&ndash;recruitment model used and to inclusion of subsidiary covariates but may be enhanced by using detailed state&ndash;space models that describe more fully the life-history dynamics of the declining species.","language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/09-1724.1","usgsCitation":"Mac Nally, R., Thomson, J.R., Kimmerer, W.J., Feyrer, F., Newman, K.B., Sih, A., Bennett, W.A., Brown, L.R., Fleishman, E., Culberson, S.D., and Castillo, G., 2010, Analysis of pelagic species decline in the upper San Francisco Estuary using multivariate autoregressive modeling (MAR): Ecological Applications, v. 20, no. 5, p. 1417-1430, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1724.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"1417","endPage":"1430","numberOfPages":"14","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246932,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Upper San Francisco Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.772216796875,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.278076171875,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.278076171875,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.772216796875,\n              38.41055825094609\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.772216796875,\n              37.77071473849609\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"20","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059eb26e4b0c8380cd48c58","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mac Nally, Ralph","contributorId":107966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mac Nally","given":"Ralph","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462643,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thomson, James R.","contributorId":36788,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomson","given":"James","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kimmerer, Wim J.","contributorId":59169,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kimmerer","given":"Wim","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":6690,"text":"San Francisco State University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":462638,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Feyrer, Frederick 0000-0003-1253-2349","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1253-2349","contributorId":106736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Feyrer","given":"Frederick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462642,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Newman, Ken B.","contributorId":51139,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Newman","given":"Ken","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462636,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Sih, Andy","contributorId":55247,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sih","given":"Andy","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462637,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Bennett, William A.","contributorId":88988,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bennett","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462641,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Brown, Larry R. 0000-0001-6702-4531 lrbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6702-4531","contributorId":1717,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Larry","email":"lrbrown@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462639,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Fleishman, Erica","contributorId":11863,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleishman","given":"Erica","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462633,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Culberson, Steven D.","contributorId":82166,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Culberson","given":"Steven","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462640,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Castillo, Gonzalo","contributorId":46806,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castillo","given":"Gonzalo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462635,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11}]}}
,{"id":70037810,"text":"70037810 - 2010 - Prolonged intensive dominance behavior between gray wolves, <i>Canis lupus</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T11:29:30","indexId":"70037810","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prolonged intensive dominance behavior between gray wolves, <i>Canis lupus</i>","docAbstract":"Dominance is one of the most pervasive and important behaviors among wolves in a pack, yet its significance in free-ranging packs has been little studied. Insights into a behavior can often be gained by examining unusual examples of it. In the High Arctic near Eureka, Nunavut, Canada, we videotaped and described an unusually prolonged and intensive behavioral bout between an adult male Gray Wolf (<i>Canis lupus</i>) and a male member of his pack, thought to be a maturing son. With tail raised, the adult approached a male pack mate about 50 m from us and pinned and straddled this packmate repeatedly over 6.5 minutes, longer than we had ever seen in over 50 years of studying wolves. We interpreted this behavior as an extreme example of an adult wolf harassing a maturing offspring, perhaps in prelude to the offspring?s dispersal.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","publisherLocation":"Ottawa, Ontario, Canada","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., and Cluff, H.D., 2010, Prolonged intensive dominance behavior between gray wolves, <i>Canis lupus</i>: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 124, no. 3, p. 215-218.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"215","endPage":"218","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246842,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":246830,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://journals.sfu.ca/cfn/index.php/cfn/article/view/1076","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Canada","city":"Eureka","otherGeospatial":"Nunavut","volume":"124","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f01e4b0c8380cd7f50d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462782,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cluff, H. Dean","contributorId":53210,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cluff","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462783,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70037806,"text":"70037806 - 2010 - Proportion of calves and adult muskoxen, <i>Ovibos moschatus</i> killed by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in July on Ellesmere Island","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-08T20:21:57.362594","indexId":"70037806","displayToPublicDate":"2012-03-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1163,"text":"Canadian Field-Naturalist","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Proportion of calves and adult muskoxen, <i>Ovibos moschatus</i> killed by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in July on Ellesmere Island","docAbstract":"<p><span>Generally Gray Wolves (</span><i>Canis lupus</i><span>&nbsp;L., 1758) tend to focus predation on young-of-the-year ungulates during summer, and I hypothesized that wolves preying on Muskoxen (</span><i>Ovibos moschatus</i><span>&nbsp;Zimmerman, 1780) in summer would follow that trend. Over 23 July periods observing wolves on Ellesmere Island, Nunavut, Canada, I found that packs of 2-12 adult wolves killed seven calves, one yearling, and five adult muskoxen at distances of 2.9 to 32 km from their current dens and pups. Given a possible bias against finding calves because of their fewer remains, these results do not necessarily refute the hypothesis, but they do make it clear that adult muskoxen form an important part of the wolves' diet in July and thus possibly at other times during summer.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Ottawa Field-Naturalists' Club","doi":"10.22621/cfn.v124i3.1083","usgsCitation":"Mech, L.D., 2010, Proportion of calves and adult muskoxen, <i>Ovibos moschatus</i> killed by gray wolves, Canis lupus, in July on Ellesmere Island: Canadian Field-Naturalist, v. 124, no. 3, p. 258-260, https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i3.1083.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"258","endPage":"260","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.22621/cfn.v124i3.1083","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":382040,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"124","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-07-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a8f29e4b0c8380cd7f5dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mech, L. David 0000-0003-3944-7769 david_mech@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3944-7769","contributorId":2518,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mech","given":"L.","email":"david_mech@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"David","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462776,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70007515,"text":"70007515 - 2010 - An approach for modeling sediment budgets in supply-limited rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:46:48","indexId":"70007515","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-19T18:54:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"An approach for modeling sediment budgets in supply-limited rivers","docAbstract":"Reliable predictions of sediment transport and river morphology in response to variations in natural and human-induced drivers are necessary for river engineering and management. Because engineering and management applications may span a wide range of space and time scales, a broad spectrum of modeling approaches has been developed, ranging from suspended-sediment \"rating curves\" to complex three-dimensional morphodynamic models. Suspended sediment rating curves are an attractive approach for evaluating changes in multi-year sediment budgets resulting from changes in flow regimes because they are simple to implement, computationally efficient, and the empirical parameters can be estimated from quantities that are commonly measured in the field (i.e., suspended sediment concentration and water discharge). However, the standard rating curve approach assumes a unique suspended sediment concentration for a given water discharge. This assumption is not valid in rivers where sediment supply varies enough to cause changes in particle size or changes in areal coverage of sediment on the bed; both of these changes cause variations in suspended sediment concentration for a given water discharge. More complex numerical models of hydraulics and morphodynamics have been developed to address such physical changes of the bed. This additional complexity comes at a cost in terms of computations as well as the type and amount of data required for model setup, calibration, and testing. Moreover, application of the resulting sediment-transport models may require observations of bed-sediment boundary conditions that require extensive (and expensive) observations or, alternatively, require the use of an additional model (subject to its own errors) merely to predict the bed-sediment boundary conditions for use by the transport model. In this paper we present a hybrid approach that combines aspects of the rating curve method and the more complex morphodynamic models. Our primary objective was to develop an approach complex enough to capture the processes related to sediment supply limitation but simple enough to allow for rapid calculations of multi-year sediment budgets. The approach relies on empirical relations between suspended sediment concentration and discharge but on a particle size specific basis and also tracks and incorporates the particle size distribution of the bed sediment. We have applied this approach to the Colorado River below Glen Canyon Dam (GCD), a reach that is particularly suited to such an approach because it is substantially sediment supply limited such that transport rates are strongly dependent on both water discharge and sediment supply. The results confirm the ability of the approach to simulate the effects of supply limitation, including periods of accumulation and bed fining as well as erosion and bed coarsening, using a very simple formulation. Although more empirical in nature than standard one-dimensional morphodynamic models, this alternative approach is attractive because its simplicity allows for rapid evaluation of multi-year sediment budgets under a range of flow regimes and sediment supply conditions, and also because it requires substantially less data for model setup and use.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009WR008600","usgsCitation":"Wright, S., Topping, D.J., Rubin, D.M., and Melis, T., 2010, An approach for modeling sediment budgets in supply-limited rivers: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. W10538, 18 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008600.","productDescription":"18 p.","numberOfPages":"18","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":322,"text":"Grand Canyon Monitoring and Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":528,"text":"Pacific Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475496,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr008600","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204732,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":204718,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009WR008600","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"46","issue":"W10538","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-28","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ea0be4b0c8380cd485cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wright, Scott 0000-0002-0387-5713 sawright@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0387-5713","contributorId":1536,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"Scott","email":"sawright@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Topping, David J. 0000-0002-2104-4577 dtopping@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2104-4577","contributorId":715,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Topping","given":"David","email":"dtopping@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":356571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rubin, David M. 0000-0003-1169-1452 drubin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1169-1452","contributorId":3159,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rubin","given":"David","email":"drubin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Melis, Theodore S. 0000-0003-0473-3968 tmelis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0473-3968","contributorId":1829,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Melis","given":"Theodore S.","email":"tmelis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":356569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003587,"text":"70003587 - 2010 - Words matter: Recommendations for clarifying coral disease nomenclature and terminology","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-22T00:10:03","indexId":"70003587","displayToPublicDate":"2012-02-12T17:50:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1396,"text":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Words matter: Recommendations for clarifying coral disease nomenclature and terminology","docAbstract":"Coral diseases have caused significant losses on Caribbean reefs and are becoming a greater concern in the Pacific. Progress in coral disease research requires collaboration and communication among experts from many different disciplines. The lack of consistency in the use of terms and names in the recent scientific literature reflects the absence of an authority for naming coral diseases, a lack of consensus on the meaning of even some of the most basic terms as they apply to corals, and imprecision in the use of descriptive words. The lack of consensus partly reflects the complexity of this newly emerging field of research. Establishment of a nomenclature committee under the Coral Disease and Health Consortium (CDHC) could lead to more standardized definitions and could promote use of appropriate medical terminology for describing and communicating disease conditions in corals. This committee could also help to define disease terminology unique to corals where existing medical terminology is not applicable. These efforts will help scientists communicate with one another and with the general public more effectively. Scientists can immediately begin to reduce some of the confusion simply by explicitly defining the words they are using. In addition, digital photographs can be posted on the CDHC website and included in publications to document the macroscopic (gross) signs of the conditions observed on coral colonies along with precisely written characterizations and descriptions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Diseases of Aquatic Organisms","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Inter-Research Science Center","publisherLocation":"Oldendorf/Luhe, Germany","usgsCitation":"Rogers, C.S., 2010, Words matter: Recommendations for clarifying coral disease nomenclature and terminology: Diseases of Aquatic Organisms, v. 91, no. 2, p. 167-175.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"167","endPage":"175","costCenters":[{"id":574,"text":"St. Petersburg Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":115834,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/21387996","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"91","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd1b3e4b08c986b32f561","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, Caroline S. 0000-0001-9056-6961 caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":3126,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"Caroline","email":"caroline_rogers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":347845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70005800,"text":"70005800 - 2010 - Visible and infrared remote imaging of hazardous waste: A review","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-07T00:10:04","indexId":"70005800","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-29T14:58:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3250,"text":"Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Visible and infrared remote imaging of hazardous waste: A review","docAbstract":"One of the critical global environmental problems is human and ecological exposure to hazardous wastes from agricultural, industrial, military and mining activities. These wastes often include heavy metals, hydrocarbons and other organic chemicals. Traditional field and laboratory detection and monitoring of these wastes are generally expensive and time consuming. The synoptic perspective of overhead remote imaging can be very useful for the detection and remediation of hazardous wastes. Aerial photography has a long and effective record in waste site evaluations. Aerial photographic archives allow temporal evaluation and change detection by visual interpretation. Multispectral aircraft and satellite systems have been successfully employed in both spectral and morphological analysis of hazardous wastes on the landscape and emerging hyperspectral sensors have permitted determination of the specific contaminants by processing strategies using the tens or hundreds of acquired wavelengths in the solar reflected and/or thermal infrared parts of the electromagnetic spectrum. This paper reviews the literature of remote sensing and overhead imaging in the context of hazardous waste and discusses future monitoring needs and emerging scientific research areas.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Remote Sensing","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"MDPI Publishing","publisherLocation":"Basel, Switzerland","doi":"10.3390/rs2112474","usgsCitation":"Slonecker, T., Fisher, G.B., Aiello, D., and Haack, B., 2010, Visible and infrared remote imaging of hazardous waste: A review: Remote Sensing, v. 2, no. 11, p. 2474-2508, https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2112474.","productDescription":"34 p.","startPage":"2474","endPage":"2508","numberOfPages":"34","costCenters":[{"id":242,"text":"Eastern Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475500,"rank":101,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/rs2112474","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":204570,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":115778,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs2112474","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"volume":"2","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-05","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bc288e4b08c986b32abce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slonecker, Terrence","contributorId":13701,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slonecker","given":"Terrence","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fisher, Gary B. gfisher@usgs.gov","contributorId":3034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fisher","given":"Gary","email":"gfisher@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":353261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Aiello, Danielle P.","contributorId":107243,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aiello","given":"Danielle P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Haack, Barry","contributorId":66410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haack","given":"Barry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70004601,"text":"70004601 - 2010 - Thin-skinned deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, Mars","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-02-05T09:48:04","indexId":"70004601","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-08T14:47:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2317,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Thin-skinned deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, Mars","docAbstract":"Deformation of sedimentary rocks is widespread within Valles Marineris, characterized by both plastic and brittle deformation identified in Candor, Melas, and Ius Chasmata. We identified four deformation styles using HiRISE and CTX images: kilometer-scale convolute folds, detached slabs, folded strata, and pull-apart structures. Convolute folds are detached rounded slabs of material with alternating dark- and light-toned strata and a fold wavelength of about 1 km. The detached slabs are isolated rounded blocks of material, but they exhibit only highly localized evidence of stratification. Folded strata are composed of continuously folded layers that are not detached. Pull-apart structures are composed of stratified rock that has broken off into small irregularly shaped pieces showing evidence of brittle deformation. Some areas exhibit multiple styles of deformation and grade from one type of deformation into another. The deformed rocks are observed over thousands of kilometers, are limited to discrete stratigraphic intervals, and occur over a wide range in elevations. All deformation styles appear to be of likely thin-skinned origin. CRISM reflectance spectra show that some of the deformed sediments contain a component of monohydrated and polyhydrated sulfates. Several mechanisms could be responsible for the deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, such as subaerial or subaqueous gravitational slumping or sliding and soft sediment deformation, where the latter could include impact-induced or seismically induced liquefaction. These mechanisms are evaluated based on their expected pattern, scale, and areal extent of deformation. Deformation produced from slow subaerial or subaqueous landsliding and liquefaction is consistent with the deformation observed in Valles Marineris.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JE003593","usgsCitation":"Metz, J., Grotzinger, J.P., Okubo, C., and Milliken, R., 2010, Thin-skinned deformation of sedimentary rocks in Valles Marineris, Mars: Journal of Geophysical Research E: Planets, v. 115, no. E11, 28 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JE003593.","productDescription":"28 p.","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475509,"rank":1,"type":{"id":41,"text":"Open Access External Repository Page"},"url":"https://resolver.caltech.edu/CaltechAUTHORS:20101220-144528706","text":"External Repository"},{"id":204243,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars, Valles Marineris","volume":"115","issue":"E11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bb2bbe4b08c986b32599a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Metz, Joannah","contributorId":35448,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Metz","given":"Joannah","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Grotzinger, John P.","contributorId":58011,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Grotzinger","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":7218,"text":"California Institute of Technology","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":350830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Okubo, Chris 0000-0001-9776-8128 cokubo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9776-8128","contributorId":174209,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Okubo","given":"Chris","email":"cokubo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Milliken, Ralph","contributorId":24906,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Milliken","given":"Ralph","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350827,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003730,"text":"70003730 - 2010 - Estimation of aquifer scale proportion using equal area grids: assessment of regional scale groundwater quality","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-16T01:01:36","indexId":"70003730","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:49:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Estimation of aquifer scale proportion using equal area grids: assessment of regional scale groundwater quality","docAbstract":"The proportion of an aquifer with constituent concentrations above a specified threshold (high concentrations) is taken as a nondimensional measure of regional scale water quality. If computed on the basis of area, it can be referred to as the aquifer scale proportion. A spatially unbiased estimate of aquifer scale proportion and a confidence interval for that estimate are obtained through the use of equal area grids and the binomial distribution. Traditionally, the confidence interval for a binomial proportion is computed using either the standard interval or the exact interval. Research from the statistics literature has shown that the standard interval should not be used and that the exact interval is overly conservative. On the basis of coverage probability and interval width, the Jeffreys interval is preferred. If more than one sample per cell is available, cell declustering is used to estimate the aquifer scale proportion, and Kish's design effect may be useful for estimating an effective number of samples. The binomial distribution is also used to quantify the adequacy of a grid with a given number of cells for identifying a small target, defined as a constituent that is present at high concentrations in a small proportion of the aquifer. Case studies illustrate a consistency between approaches that use one well per grid cell and many wells per cell. The methods presented in this paper provide a quantitative basis for designing a sampling program and for utilizing existing data.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Water Resources Research","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010WR009321","usgsCitation":"Belitz, K., Jurgens, B., Landon, M.K., Fram, M.S., and Johnson, T.D., 2010, Estimation of aquifer scale proportion using equal area grids: assessment of regional scale groundwater quality: Water Resources Research, v. 46, 14 p.; W11550, https://doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009321.","productDescription":"14 p.; W11550","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257645,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257637,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010WR009321","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","volume":"46","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-11-24","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a0b7de4b0c8380cd52742","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jurgens, Bryant C. 0000-0002-1572-113X bjurgens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":1503,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"Bryant C.","email":"bjurgens@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fram, Miranda S. 0000-0002-6337-059X mfram@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6337-059X","contributorId":1156,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fram","given":"Miranda","email":"mfram@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":348560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Johnson, Tyler D. 0000-0002-7334-9188 tyjohns@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7334-9188","contributorId":1440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Johnson","given":"Tyler","email":"tyjohns@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70040062,"text":"70040062 - 2010 - Book review: Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds: Implications for island avifauna","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-25T13:49:17","indexId":"70040062","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T13:45:50","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3544,"text":"The Auk","onlineIssn":"1938-4254","printIssn":"0004-8038","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds: Implications for island avifauna","docAbstract":"<p class=\"p1\"><span class=\"s1\">For many years, following the publication of <i>Studies in Avian Biology</i> No. 22 by Scott et al. (<a><span class=\"s2\">2001</span></a>), ornithologists interested in Hawaiian birds have waited for the next synthesis volume on Hawaiian bird research. Finally there is one, and it is excellent. Thane Pratt and his colleagues from Hawaii have added another milestone in the punctuated equilibrium of information surrounding Hawaiian ornithology. Pratt states in the preface that he initiated this book because a U.S. Geological Survey review panel identified a recent lack of published information in the peer reviewed literature and the need to consolidate recent research efforts on birds in the Hawaiian Islands. This book goes a long way in solving that problem.</span></p>\n<p>Review info: <i>Conservation Biology of Hawaiian Forest Birds: Implications for Island Avifauna.</i>&nbsp;By Thane K. Pratt, Carter T. Atkinson, Paul C. Banko, James D. Jacobi, and Bethany L. Woodworth, Eds., 2009. ISBN 978-0300141085,&nbsp;707 pp.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Ornithological Society","doi":"10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.956","usgsCitation":"Engstrom, R.T., and van Riper, C., 2010, Book review: Conservation biology of Hawaiian forest birds: Implications for island avifauna: The Auk, v. 127, no. 4, p. 956-958, https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.956.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"956","endPage":"958","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475516,"rank":2,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1525/auk.2010.127.4.956","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":262275,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"127","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e58a68e4b0a4aa5bb0a78d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Engstrom, R. Todd","contributorId":32773,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engstrom","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"Todd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":467646,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"van Riper, Charles III 0000-0003-1084-5843 charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1084-5843","contributorId":169488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"van Riper","given":"Charles","suffix":"III","email":"charles_van_riper@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":467647,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70006050,"text":"70006050 - 2010 - Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-09T01:01:37","indexId":"70006050","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T10:13:04","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade","docAbstract":"Behaviorally mediated trophic cascades (BMTCs) occur when the fear of predation among herbivores enhances plant productivity. Based primarily on systems involving small-bodied predators, BMTCs have been proposed as both strong and ubiquitous in natural ecosystems. Recently, however, synthetic work has suggested that the existence of BMTCs may be mediated by predator hunting mode, whereby passive (sit-and-wait) predators have much stronger effects than active (coursing) predators. One BMTC that has been proposed for a wide-ranging active predator system involves the reintroduction of wolves (<i>Canis lupus</i>) to Yellowstone National Park, USA, which is thought to be leading to a recovery of trembling aspen (<i>Populus tremuloides</i>) by causing elk (<i>Cervus elaphus</i>) to avoid foraging in risky areas. Although this BMTC has been generally accepted and highly popularized, it has never been adequately tested. We assessed whether wolves influence aspen by obtaining detailed demographic data on aspen stands using tree rings and by monitoring browsing levels in experimental elk exclosures arrayed across a gradient of predation risk for three years. Our study demonstrates that the historical failure of aspen to regenerate varied widely among stands (last recruitment year ranged from 1892 to 1956), and our data do not indicate an abrupt cessation of recruitment. This pattern of recruitment failure appears more consistent with a gradual increase in elk numbers rather than a rapid behavioral shift in elk foraging following wolf extirpation. In addition, our estimates of relative survivorship of young browsable aspen indicate that aspen are not currently recovering in Yellowstone, even in the presence of a large wolf population. Finally, in an experimental test of the BMTC hypothesis we found that the impacts of elk browsing on aspen demography are not diminished in sites where elk are at higher risk of predation by wolves. These findings suggest the need to further evaluate how trophic cascades are mediated by predator&ndash;prey life history and ecological context.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ecology","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Ecological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Ithaca, NY","doi":"10.1890/09-1949.1","usgsCitation":"Kauffman, M., Brodie, J.F., and Jules, E.S., 2010, Are wolves saving Yellowstone's aspen? A landscape-level test of a behaviorally mediated trophic cascade: Ecology, v. 91, no. 9, p. 2742-2755, https://doi.org/10.1890/09-1949.1.","productDescription":"14 p.","startPage":"2742","endPage":"2755","costCenters":[{"id":683,"text":"Wyoming Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":257381,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":257365,"rank":9999,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1890/09-1949.1","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Yellowstone","volume":"91","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5059ed64e4b0c8380cd497b7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kauffman, Matthew J. 0000-0003-0127-3900 mkauffman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0127-3900","contributorId":2963,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kauffman","given":"Matthew J.","email":"mkauffman@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":353736,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brodie, Jedediah F.","contributorId":9110,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brodie","given":"Jedediah","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jules, Erik S.","contributorId":13854,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jules","given":"Erik","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":353738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70042015,"text":"70042015 - 2010 - The North American upper mantle: Density, composition, and evolution","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-05-04T16:07:19.457916","indexId":"70042015","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The North American upper mantle: Density, composition, and evolution","docAbstract":"The upper mantle of North America has been well studied using various seismic methods. Here we investigate the density structure of the North American (NA) upper mantle based on the integrative use of the gravity field and seismic data. The basis of our study is the removal of the gravitational effect of the crust to determine the mantle gravity anomalies. The effect of the crust is removed in three steps by subtracting the gravitational contributions of (1) topography and bathymetry, (2) low-density sedimentary accumulations, and (3) the three-dimensional density structure of the crystalline crust as determined by seismic observations. Information regarding sedimentary accumulations, including thickness and density, are taken from published maps and summaries of borehole measurements of densities; the seismic structure of the crust is based on a recent compilation, with layer densities estimated from P-wave velocities. The resultant mantle gravity anomaly map shows a pronounced negative anomaly (−50 to −400 mGal) beneath western North America and the adjacent oceanic region and positive anomalies (+50 to +350 mGal) east of the NA Cordillera. This pattern reflects the well-known division of North America into the stable eastern region and the tectonically active western region. The close correlation of large-scale features of the mantle anomaly map with those of the topographic map indicates that a significant amount of the topographic uplift in western NA is due to buoyancy in the hot upper mantle, a conclusion supported by previous investigations. To separate the contributions of mantle temperature anomalies from mantle compositional anomalies, we apply an additional correction to the mantle anomaly map for the thermal structure of the uppermost mantle. The thermal model is based on the conversion of seismic shear-wave velocities to temperature and is consistent with mantle temperatures that are independently estimated from heat flow and heat production data. The thermally corrected mantle density map reveals density anomalies that are chiefly due to compositional variations. These compositional density anomalies cause gravitational anomalies that reach ~250 mGal. A pronounced negative anomaly (−50 to −200 mGal) is found over the Canadian shield, which is consistent with chemical depletion and a corresponding low density of the lithospheric mantle, also referred to as the mantle tectosphere. The strongest positive anomaly is coincident with the Gulf of Mexico and indicates a positive density anomaly in the upper mantle, possibly an eclogite layer that has caused subsidence in the Gulf. Two linear positive anomalies are also seen south of 40°N: one with a NE-SW trend in the eastern United States, roughly coincident with the Grenville-Appalachians, and a second with a NW-SE trend beneath the states of Texas, New Mexico, and Colorado. These anomalies are interpreted as being due to (1) the presence of remnants of an oceanic slab in the upper mantle beneath the Grenville-Appalachian suture and (2) mantle thickening caused by a period of shallow, flat subduction during the Laramie orogeny, respectively. Based on these geophysical results, the evolution of the NA upper mantle is depicted in a series of maps and cartoons that display the primary processes that have formed and modified the NA crust and lithospheric upper mantle.","largerWorkTitle":"","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"","doi":"10.1029/2010JB000866","usgsCitation":"Mooney, W.D., and Kaban, M.K., 2010, The North American upper mantle: Density, composition, and evolution: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B12, B12424, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB000866.","productDescription":"B12424, 24 p.","ipdsId":"IP-024985","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475551,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb000866","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264788,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"North America","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ 177.1,5.6 ], [ 177.1,85.4 ], [ -4.0,85.4 ], [ -4.0,5.6 ], [ 177.1,5.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"B12","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e4fd81e4b0e8fec6ce888a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mooney, Walter D. 0000-0002-5310-3631 mooney@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5310-3631","contributorId":3194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mooney","given":"Walter","email":"mooney@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470606,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kaban, Mikhail K.","contributorId":53257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaban","given":"Mikhail","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470607,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70041765,"text":"70041765 - 2010 - Coherence of Mach fronts during heterogeneous supershear earthquake rupture propagation: Simulations and comparison with observations","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2013-02-23T22:33:39","indexId":"70041765","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Coherence of Mach fronts during heterogeneous supershear earthquake rupture propagation: Simulations and comparison with observations","docAbstract":"We study how heterogeneous rupture propagation affects the coherence of shear and Rayleigh Mach wavefronts radiated by supershear earthquakes. We address this question using numerical simulations of ruptures on a planar, vertical strike-slip fault embedded in a three-dimensional, homogeneous, linear elastic half-space. Ruptures propagate spontaneously in accordance with a linear slip-weakening friction law through both homogeneous and heterogeneous initial shear stress fields. In the 3-D homogeneous case, rupture fronts are curved owing to interactions with the free surface and the finite fault width; however, this curvature does not greatly diminish the coherence of Mach fronts relative to cases in which the rupture front is constrained to be straight, as studied by Dunham and Bhat (2008a). Introducing heterogeneity in the initial shear stress distribution causes ruptures to propagate at speeds that locally fluctuate above and below the shear wave speed. Calculations of the Fourier amplitude spectra (FAS) of ground velocity time histories corroborate the kinematic results of Bizzarri and Spudich (2008a): (1) The ground motion of a supershear rupture is richer in high frequency with respect to a subshear one. (2) When a Mach pulse is present, its high frequency content overwhelms that arising from stress heterogeneity. Present numerical experiments indicate that a Mach pulse causes approximately an <i>ω</i><sup>−1.7</sup> high frequency falloff in the FAS of ground displacement. Moreover, within the context of the employed representation of heterogeneities and over the range of parameter space that is accessible with current computational resources, our simulations suggest that while heterogeneities reduce peak ground velocity and diminish the coherence of the Mach fronts, ground motion at stations experiencing Mach pulses should be richer in high frequencies compared to stations without Mach pulses. In contrast to the foregoing theoretical results, we find no average elevation of 5%-damped absolute response spectral accelerations (SA) in the period band 0.05–0.4 s observed at stations that presumably experienced Mach pulses during the 1979 Imperial Valley, 1999 Kocaeli, and 2002 Denali Fault earthquakes compared to SA observed at non-Mach pulse stations in the same earthquakes. A 20% amplification of short period SA is seen only at a few of the Imperial Valley stations closest to the fault. This lack of elevated SA suggests that either Mach pulses in real earthquakes are even more incoherent that in our simulations or that Mach pulses are vulnerable to attenuation through nonlinear soil response. In any case, this result might imply that current engineering models of high frequency earthquake ground motions do not need to be modified by more than 20% close to the fault to account for Mach pulses, provided that the existing data are adequately representative of ground motions from supershear earthquakes.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2009JB006819","usgsCitation":"Bizzarri, A., Dunham, E.M., and Spudich, P., 2010, Coherence of Mach fronts during heterogeneous supershear earthquake rupture propagation: Simulations and comparison with observations: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B8, https://doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006819.","productDescription":"22 p.;","startPage":"B08301","ipdsId":"IP-015708","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475527,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009jb006819","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264023,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264022,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2009JB006819"}],"volume":"115","issue":"B8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-08-03","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50cb57e1e4b09e092d6f03ff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bizzarri, A.","contributorId":68070,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bizzarri","given":"A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470186,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dunham, Eric M.","contributorId":72273,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunham","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470187,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Spudich, P.","contributorId":85700,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spudich","given":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470188,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70041930,"text":"70041930 - 2010 - Analysis of nonvolcanic tremor on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA using U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2014-07-11T15:41:50","indexId":"70041930","displayToPublicDate":"2012-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2314,"text":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Analysis of nonvolcanic tremor on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA using U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array","docAbstract":"Reports by Nadeau and Dolenc (2005) that tremor had been detected near Cholame Valley spawned an effort to use UPSAR (U. S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array) to study characteristics of tremor. UPSAR was modified to record three channels of velocity at 40–50 sps continuously in January 2005 and ran for about 1 month, during which time we recorded numerous episodes of tremor. One tremor, on 21 January at 0728, was recorded with particularly high signal levels as well as another episode 3 days later. Both events were very emergent, had a frequency content between 2 and 8 Hz, and had numerous high-amplitude, short-duration arrivals within the tremor signal. Here using the first episode as an example, we discuss an analysis procedure, which yields azimuth and apparent velocity of the tremor at UPSAR. We then provide locations for both tremor episodes. The emphasis here is how the tremor episode evolves. Twelve stations were operating at the time of recording. Slowness of arrivals was determined using cross correlation of pairs of stations; the same method used in analyzing the main shock data from 28 September 2004. A feature of this analysis is that 20 s of the time series were used at a time to calculate correlation; the longer windows resulted in more consistent estimates of slowness, but lower peak correlations. These values of correlation (peaks of about 0.25), however, are similar to that obtained for the S wave of a microearthquake. Observed peaks in slowness were traced back to source locations assumed to lie on the San Andreas fault. Our inferred locations for the two tremor events cluster near the locations of previously observed tremor, south of the Cholame Valley. Tremor source depths are in the 14–24 km range, which is below the seismogenic brittle zone, but above the Moho. Estimates of error do not preclude locations below the Moho, however. The tremor signal is very emergent but contains packets that are several times larger than the background tremor signal and lasts about 5 s. These impulsive wavelets are similar to low-frequency earthquakes signals seen in Japan but appear to be broader band rather than just higher in low-frequency energy. They may be more appropriately called high-energy tremor (HET). HET signals at UPSAR correlate well with the record of this event from station GHIB of the HRSN borehole array at Parkfield and HETs typically have a higher cross-correlation coefficient than the rest of the tremor event. The amplitudes of a large HET are consistent with a magnitude of 0.1 when compared with a M2.3 event that had about the same epicenter. Polarizations of the tremor episode at UPSAR are mostly just north of east. Both linearity and azimuth evolve over time suggesting a change in tremor source location over time and linearity is typically higher at the HETs.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.1029/2010JB007511","usgsCitation":"Fletcher, J.B., and Baker, L.M., 2010, Analysis of nonvolcanic tremor on the San Andreas Fault near Parkfield, CA using U.S. Geological Survey Parkfield Seismic Array: Journal of Geophysical Research B: Solid Earth, v. 115, no. B10, 21 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007511.","productDescription":"21 p.","numberOfPages":"21","ipdsId":"IP-013762","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2010jb007511","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":264636,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264635,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1029/2010JB007511"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","city":"Parkfield","otherGeospatial":"San Andreas Fault","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.442655,35.889685 ], [ -120.442655,35.909689 ], [ -120.422648,35.909689 ], [ -120.422648,35.889685 ], [ -120.442655,35.889685 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"115","issue":"B10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50d7d974e4b0c5576aef6fd8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Fletcher, Jon B.","contributorId":65614,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fletcher","given":"Jon","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470406,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baker, Lawrence M. 0000-0001-8563-2362 baker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8563-2362","contributorId":3337,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baker","given":"Lawrence","email":"baker@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":470405,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003601,"text":"70003601 - 2010 - The Sargassum Frogfish (<i>Histrio histrio</i> Linnaeus) observed in mangroves in St. John, US Virgin Islands","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:58","indexId":"70003601","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-25T15:22:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1338,"text":"Coral Reefs","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The Sargassum Frogfish (<i>Histrio histrio</i> Linnaeus) observed in mangroves in St. John, US Virgin Islands","docAbstract":"The Sargassum Frogfish (<i>Histrio histrio</i>), the only pelagic member of the frogfish family Antennariidae, is considered an obligate associate of floating mats of the brown algae <i>Sargassum natans</i> and <i>S. fluitans</i> (Adams 1960; Dooley 1972; Pietsch and Grobecker 1987). Between February and April 2010, 20 of these fish were observed in three mangrove-fringed bays in Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument, St. John, US Virgin Islands. All of them were clinging to clumps of the red alga <i>Acanthophora spicifera</i> growing on the submerged prop roots of red mangrove trees (<i>Rhizophora mangle</i>) distributed along an estimated total of 2,160 mof shoreline (Fig. 1). All of the fish were at a depth of less than 0.5 meters. Two individuals were seen on one prop root, but the other 18 were solitary. Their estimated standard lengths ranged from about 20 to 100 mm. Littler and Littler (2000, p. 295) published a photograph of one individual in blades of the green alga <i>Ulva lactuca</i> growing on a prop root in Belize. This is the first report of the Sargassum Frogfish living in association with attached algae.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Coral Reefs","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Rogers, C., Pietsch, T., Randall, J., and Arnold, R., 2010, The Sargassum Frogfish (<i>Histrio histrio</i> Linnaeus) observed in mangroves in St. John, US Virgin Islands: Coral Reefs, v. 29, no. 3, p. 577-577.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"577","endPage":"577","temporalStart":"2010-02-01","temporalEnd":"2010-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":112420,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.springerlink.com/content/06v298437565846l/abstract/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":204371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Virgin Islands Coral Reef National Monument;St. John;U.S. Virgin Islands","volume":"29","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba8d9e4b08c986b321eb6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rogers, C.S. 0000-0001-9056-6961","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9056-6961","contributorId":37274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogers","given":"C.S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pietsch, T.W.","contributorId":83656,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pietsch","given":"T.W.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Randall, J.E.","contributorId":41380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Randall","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Arnold, R.J.","contributorId":42345,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arnold","given":"R.J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70003374,"text":"70003374 - 2010 - Stakeholder perspectives on land-use strategies for adapting to climate-change-enhanced coastal hazards: Sarasota, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-09-24T17:19:44.000834","indexId":"70003374","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-06T14:21:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":836,"text":"Applied Geography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Stakeholder perspectives on land-use strategies for adapting to climate-change-enhanced coastal hazards: Sarasota, Florida","docAbstract":"<p><span>Sustainable land-use planning requires decision makers to balance community growth with resilience to natural hazards. This balance is especially difficult in many coastal communities where planners must grapple with significant growth projections, the persistent threat of extreme events (e.g., hurricanes), and climate-change-driven sea level rise that not only presents a chronic hazard but also alters the spatial extent of sudden-onset hazards such as hurricanes. We examine these stressors on coastal, long-term land-use planning by reporting the results of a one-day community workshop held in Sarasota County, Florida that included focus groups and participatory mapping exercises. Workshop participants reflected various political agendas and socioeconomic interests of five local knowledge domains: business, environment, emergency management and infrastructure, government, and planning. Through a series of alternating domain-specific focus groups and interactive plenary sessions, participants compared the county 2050 comprehensive land-use plan to maps of contemporary hurricane storm-surge hazard zones and projected storm-surge hazard zones enlarged by sea level rise scenarios. This interactive, collaborative approach provided each group of domain experts the opportunity to combine geographically-specific, scientific knowledge on natural hazards and climate change with local viewpoints and concerns. Despite different agendas, interests, and proposed adaptation strategies, there was common agreement among participants for the need to increase community resilience to contemporary hurricane storm-surge hazards and to explore adaptation strategies to combat the projected, enlarged storm-surge hazard zones.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.007","usgsCitation":"Frazier, T.G., Wood, N., and Yarnal, B., 2010, Stakeholder perspectives on land-use strategies for adapting to climate-change-enhanced coastal hazards: Sarasota, Florida: Applied Geography, v. 30, no. 4, p. 506-517, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeog.2010.05.007.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"506","endPage":"517","costCenters":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204440,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Sarasota","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -82.72499084472656,\n              27.010196431931526\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25669860839844,\n              27.010196431931526\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.25669860839844,\n              27.502790131319642\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72499084472656,\n              27.502790131319642\n            ],\n            [\n              -82.72499084472656,\n              27.010196431931526\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b969fe4b08c986b31b605","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frazier, Tim G.","contributorId":64793,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frazier","given":"Tim","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347046,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wood, Nathan 0000-0002-6060-9729 nwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6060-9729","contributorId":71151,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Nathan","email":"nwood@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":657,"text":"Western Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":347047,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Yarnal, Brent","contributorId":31839,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Yarnal","given":"Brent","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347045,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70003340,"text":"70003340 - 2010 - Short-term effects of experimental fires on a Mojave Desert seed bank","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:59","indexId":"70003340","displayToPublicDate":"2011-12-01T10:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2183,"text":"Journal of Arid Environments","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Short-term effects of experimental fires on a Mojave Desert seed bank","docAbstract":"A Mojave Desert shrub community was experimentally burned to understand changes in seed bank of desert annual plant species in response to wildfire. Seed mortality ranged from 55 to 80%, and fire caused significant losses of native and alien annual seeds. <i>Schismus arabicus</i>, <i>Schismus barbatus</i>, <i>Bromus madritensis</i>, <i>Bromus tectorum</i>, <i>Erodium cicutarium</i> and <i>Plantago</i> spp. made up >95% of the seed bank. <i>Bromus</i> spp. and <i>Plantago</i> spp. had proportionately greater mortality of seeds than did <i>Schismus</i> spp. and <i>E. cicutarium</i>. <i>Schismus</i> spp. can be lodged into soil cracks thus avoiding lethal temperatures. <i>E. cicutarium</i> has a self-drilling mechanism that places the seeds at greater depth in the soil. Greater seed mortality occurred beneath shrub canopies than interspaces for most species (<i>Plantago</i>, spp., <i>Bromus</i> spp., and <i>E. cicutarium</i>), but microsite had little effect on <i>Schismus</i> spp. Fire reduced the perennial <i>Ambrosia dumosa</i> densities under canopies. Fire reduced the mean number of species found in samples by about one species per plot and no species was extirpated on experimental plots. The relative abundances of common species did not change dramatically as a result of fire or microsite, however; seed densities varied by treatment and affected interpretations of species compositions.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Journal of Arid Environments","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","publisherLocation":"Amsterdam, Netherlands","usgsCitation":"Esque, T., Young, J., and Tracy, C.R., 2010, Short-term effects of experimental fires on a Mojave Desert seed bank: Journal of Arid Environments, v. 74, no. 10, p. 1302-1308.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"1302","endPage":"1308","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":204236,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":111010,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://ddr.nal.usda.gov/dspace/bitstream/10113/46171/1/IND44408197.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Mojave Desert","volume":"74","issue":"10","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505b8eb9e4b08c986b318add","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Esque, Todd C. tesque@usgs.gov","contributorId":3221,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Esque","given":"Todd C.","email":"tesque@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":346954,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Young, James A.","contributorId":13735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Young","given":"James A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346955,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tracy, C. Richard","contributorId":31515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tracy","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"Richard","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":346956,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
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