{"pageNumber":"2000","pageRowStart":"49975","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184682,"records":[{"id":70037866,"text":"70037866 - 2009 - Wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T13:48:16.175386","indexId":"70037866","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T12:53:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1687,"text":"Forest Ecology and Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin","docAbstract":"<p><span>The rapid growth of housing in and near the wildland–urban interface (WUI) increases wildfire risk to lives and structures. To reduce fire risk, it is necessary to identify WUI housing areas that are more susceptible to wildfire. This is challenging, because wildfire patterns depend on fire behavior and spread, which in turn depend on ignition locations, weather conditions, the spatial arrangement of fuels, and topography. The goal of our study was to assess wildfire risk to a 60,000</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>ha WUI area in northwestern Wisconsin while accounting for all of these factors. We conducted 6000 simulations with two dynamic fire models: Fire Area Simulator (FARSITE) and Minimum Travel Time (MTT) in order to map the spatial pattern of burn probabilities. Simulations were run under normal and extreme weather conditions to assess the effect of weather on fire spread, burn probability, and risk to structures. The resulting burn probability maps were intersected with maps of structure locations and land cover types. The simulations revealed clear hotspots of wildfire activity and a large range of wildfire risk to structures in the study area. As expected, the extreme weather conditions yielded higher burn probabilities over the entire landscape, as well as to different land cover classes and individual structures. Moreover, the spatial pattern of risk was significantly different between extreme and normal weather conditions. The results highlight the fact that extreme weather conditions not only produce higher fire risk than normal weather conditions, but also change the fine-scale locations of high risk areas in the landscape, which is of great importance for fire management in WUI areas. In addition, the choice of weather data may limit the potential for comparisons of risk maps for different areas and for extrapolating risk maps to future scenarios where weather conditions are unknown. Our approach to modeling wildfire risk to structures can aid fire risk reduction management activities by identifying areas with elevated wildfire risk and those most vulnerable under extreme weather conditions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.051","usgsCitation":"Massada, A.B., Radeloff, V., Stewart, S.I., and Hawbaker, T., 2009, Wildfire risk in the wildland-urban interface: A simulation study in northwestern Wisconsin: Forest Ecology and Management, v. 258, no. 9, p. 1990-1999, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foreco.2009.07.051.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"1990","endPage":"1999","costCenters":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383711,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Wisconsin","otherGeospatial":"northern Wisconsin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.1533203125,\n              46.70973594407157\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.4169921875,\n              46.01222384063236\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.92236328125,\n              45.5679096098613\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.6806640625,\n              45.38301927899065\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.83447265624999,\n              44.824708282300236\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.20849609375,\n              43.8028187190472\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.73681640625,\n              43.58039085560784\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.03369140625,\n              45.213003555993964\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.64892578125,\n              45.07352060670971\n            ],\n            [\n              -87.86865234374999,\n              45.537136680398596\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.06640625,\n              45.81348649679973\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.72558593749999,\n              46.057985244793024\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.263671875,\n              46.558860303117164\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.791015625,\n              46.9502622421856\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"258","issue":"9","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505bd0d0e4b08c986b32f092","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Massada, Avi Bar","contributorId":93744,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Massada","given":"Avi","email":"","middleInitial":"Bar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Radeloff, Volker C.","contributorId":76169,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Radeloff","given":"Volker C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stewart, Susan I.","contributorId":78973,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stewart","given":"Susan","email":"","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":462913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hawbaker, Todd 0000-0003-0930-9154 tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0930-9154","contributorId":568,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hawbaker","given":"Todd","email":"tjhawbaker@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":547,"text":"Rocky Mountain Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":462911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97917,"text":"ofr20091076 - 2009 - Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-01T11:34:37","indexId":"ofr20091076","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1076","title":"Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Wisconsin Water Science Center is responsible for presenting data collected or estimated for water withdrawals and diversions every 5 years to the National Water-Use Information Program (NWUIP). This program serves many purposes such as quantifying how much, where, and for what purpose water is used; tracking and documenting water-use trends and changes; and providing these data to other agencies to support hydrologic projects. In 2005, data at both the county and subbasin levels were compiled into the USGS national water-use database system; these data are published in a statewide summary report and a national circular. This publication, Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005, presents the water-use estimates for 2005; this publication also describes how these water-use data were determined (including assumptions used), limitations of using these data, and trends in water-use data presented to the NWUIP. Estimates of water use in Wisconsin indicate that about 8,608 million gallons per day (Mgal/d) were withdrawn during 2005. Of this amount, about 7,622 Mgal/d (89 percent) were from surface-water sources and about 986 Mgal/d (11 percent) were from ground-water sources. Surface water used for cooling at thermoelectric-power plants constituted the largest portion of daily use at 6,898 Mgal/d. Water provided by public-supply water utilities is the second largest use of water and totaled 552 Mgal/d. Public supply served approximately 71 percent of the estimated 2005 Wisconsin population of 5.54 million people; two counties - Milwaukee and Dane - accounted for more than one-third of the public-supply withdrawal. Industrial and irrigation were the next major water uses at 471 and 402 Mgal/d, respectively. Non-irrigational agricultural (livestock and aquaculture) accounted for approximately 155 Mgal/d and is similar to the combined withdrawal for the remaining water-use categories of domestic, commercial, and mining (131 Mgal/d). Data on water use in Wisconsin by source of water and category of use have been compiled at 5-year intervals since 1950. During the past 55 years (1950-2005), water withdrawn to meet demands for public supply and self-supplied irrigation, industrial, commercial, domestic, and livestock increased 333 percent (1,117 Mgal/d). The greatest increases were for public supply, industrial, and irrigation, and are reflected in the increasing total per-capita water-use values. In recent (2000 and 2005) water-use estimation years, both public-supply and self-supplied domestic per-capita-use values have been declining. This can be attributed, at least in part, to a reduction in industrial-water deliveries, increased water-efficiency standards, and the implementation of leak-detection programs and water-conservation practices. However, when making comparisons to evaluate trends among other Wisconsin water-use estimation years, it is important to be aware of changes that may have occurred in estimation methods or objectives that create differences. Some changes that have occurred are the availability of data and information about water use, changes in data sources and estimation methods, and the inclusion and exclusion of certain water-use categories. These differences may have an effect on apparent trends and make comparing trends difficult.</p>","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091076","usgsCitation":"Buchwald, C.A., 2009, Water Use in Wisconsin, 2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1076, viii, 75 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091076.","productDescription":"viii, 75 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1076.jpg"},{"id":13089,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1076/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\n\"features\":[\n{\"type\":\"Feature\",\n\"id\":\"3055\",\n\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Dane\",\"state\":\"WI\"},\n\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\n\"coordinates\":[\n[[-89.0094,43.286],[-89.0084,43.2555],[-89.0094,43.2],[-89.01,43.1131],[-89.0109,43.0849],[-89.0107,43.0271],[-89.0132,42.9353],[-89.013,42.8762],[-89.0119,42.8471],[-89.132,42.8479],[-89.2488,42.8478],[-89.3689,42.8484],[-89.3688,42.8575],[-89.4832,42.858],[-89.6026,42.8575],[-89.7196,42.8587],[-89.8377,42.8598],[-89.8375,42.9471],[-89.8386,43.0317],[-89.8384,43.1181],[-89.8394,43.205],[-89.8325,43.2123],[-89.825,43.2187],[-89.8175,43.226],[-89.8125,43.2342],[-89.8088,43.2369],[-89.8012,43.2365],[-89.7874,43.2356],[-89.771,43.237],[-89.7579,43.2379],[-89.7529,43.2443],[-89.7485,43.2507],[-89.7391,43.2548],[-89.7259,43.2644],[-89.7171,43.2739],[-89.714,43.2821],[-89.7165,43.2867],[-89.7235,43.2935],[-89.7209,43.2935],[-89.6008,43.2932],[-89.4819,43.2942],[-89.3617,43.2954],[-89.3624,43.2832],[-89.246,43.2834],[-89.1271,43.2827],[-89.0094,43.286]]]}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d1e4b07f02db5db903","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buchwald, Cheryl A. 0000-0001-8968-5023 cabuchwa@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8968-5023","contributorId":1943,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchwald","given":"Cheryl","email":"cabuchwa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303585,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97914,"text":"ds440 - 2009 - Groundwater quality data in the Mojave study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-19T20:16:33.323921","indexId":"ds440","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"440","title":"Groundwater quality data in the Mojave study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program","docAbstract":"<p>Groundwater quality in the approximately 1,500 square-mile Mojave (MOJO) study unit was investigated from February to April 2008, as part of the Priority Basin Project of the Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program. The GAMA Priority Basin Project was developed in response to the Groundwater Quality Monitoring Act of 2001 and is being conducted by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board (SWRCB). MOJO was the 23rd of 37 study units to be sampled as part of the GAMA Priority Basin Project.</p><p>The MOJO study was designed to provide a spatially unbiased assessment of the quality of untreated ground water used for public water supplies within MOJO, and to facilitate statistically consistent comparisons of groundwater quality throughout California. Samples were collected from 59 wells in San Bernardino and Los Angeles Counties. Fifty-two of the wells were selected using a spatially distributed, randomized grid-based method to provide statistical representation of the study area (grid wells), and seven were selected to aid in evaluation of specific water-quality issues (understanding wells).</p><p>The groundwater samples were analyzed for a large number of organic constituents [volatile organic compounds (VOCs), pesticides and pesticide degradates, and pharmaceutical compounds], constituents of special interest (perchlorate and N-nitrosodimethylamine [NDMA]) naturally occurring inorganic constituents (nutrients, dissolved organic carbon [DOC], major and minor ions, silica, total dissolved solids [TDS], and trace elements), and radioactive constituents (gross alpha and gross beta radioactivity, radium isotopes, and radon-222). Naturally occurring isotopes (stable isotopes of hydrogen, oxygen, and carbon, stable isotopes of nitrogen and oxygen in nitrate, and activities of tritium and carbon-14), and dissolved noble gases also were measured to help identify the sources and ages of the sampled ground water. In total, over 230 constituents and water-quality indicators (field parameters) were investigated.</p><p>Three types of quality-control samples (blanks, replicates, and matrix spikes) each were collected at approximately 5–8&nbsp;percent of the wells, and the results for these samples were used to evaluate the quality of the data for the groundwater samples. Field blanks rarely contained detectable concentrations of any constituent, suggesting that contamination was not a significant source of bias in the data for the groundwater samples. Differences between replicate samples generally were within acceptable ranges, indicating acceptable analytical reproducibility. Matrix spike recoveries were within acceptable ranges for most compounds.</p><p>This study did not attempt to evaluate the quality of water delivered to consumers; after withdrawal from the ground, untreated groundwater typically is treated, disinfected, or blended with other waters to maintain water quality. Regulatory thresholds apply to water that is served to the consumer, not to untreated ground water. However, to provide some context for the results, concentrations of constituents measured in the untreated ground water were compared with regulatory and non-regulatory health-based thresholds established by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) and California Department of Public Health (CDPH) and thresholds established for aesthetic and technical concerns by CDPH. Comparisons between data collected for this study and thresholds for drinking-water are for illustrative purposes only, and are not indicative of compliance or non-compliance with those thresholds.</p><p>Most constituents that were detected in groundwater samples in the 59 wells in MOJO were found at concentrations below drinking-water thresholds. In MOJO’s 52 grid wells, volatile organic compounds (VOCs) were detected in 40 percent of the wells, and pesticides and pesticide degradates were detected in 23 percent of the grid wells. Results for health-based thresholds in MOJO grid wells showed that all of the detections of organic compounds in samples from MOJO grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exception of a single detection of NDMA above the California Department of Public Health notification level (NL-CA).</p><p>Trace elements and radioactive constituents were sampled for at 19 MOJO grid wells and most detections were below health-based thresholds. Exceptions include: six detections of arsenic above the USEPA maximum contaminant level (MCL-US), two detections of boron and one detection of vanadium above the NL-CA, one detection each of molybdenum and strontium that were above the USEPA lifetime health advisory level (HAL-US), and one detection of fluoride just above the MCL-CA of 2 µg/L. Most detections of radioactive constituents in the MOJO grid wells were below health-based thresholds, with the exception of one detection of gross alpha radioactivity (72-hour count and 30-day count) above the MCL-CA, and 17 grid wells (of 19 sampled) that had activities of radon-222 above the proposed MCL-US of 300 pCi/L, but all were below the proposed alternative MCL-US of 4,000&nbsp;pCi/L.</p><p>All of the samples collected from the 19 MOJO grid wells for trace elements, and most of the samples for major ions and total dissolved solids (TDS), had measured concentrations below the non-enforceable thresholds set for aesthetic concerns. Four grid wells had TDS concentrations above the California Department of Public Health secondary maximum contaminant level (SMCL-CA) recommended threshold of 500 mg/L, and three of these wells were also above the SMCL-CA upper threshold of 1,000 mg/L. Four grid wells (of 19 sampled) had sulfate measured at concentrations above the recommended SMCL-CA threshold of 250 mg/L, and one of these detections was also above the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. One grid well had chloride levels at a concentration above the upper SMCL-CA threshold of 500 mg/L. Eleven grid wells (of 52 sampled) had pH values outside of the SMCL-US range for pH.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds440","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the California State Water Resources Control Board; A product of the California Groundwater Ambient Monitoring and Assessment (GAMA) Program","usgsCitation":"Mathany, T., and Belitz, K., 2009, Groundwater quality data in the Mojave study unit, 2008: Results from the California GAMA Program: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 440, x, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds440.","productDescription":"x, 81 p.","temporalStart":"2008-02-01","temporalEnd":"2008-04-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118585,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_440.jpg"},{"id":13086,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/440/","text":"Index page","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":360778,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/440/pdf/ds440.pdf","text":"Report","size":"12.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Mojave study unit","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.7333,\n              34.2833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.35,\n              34.2833\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.35,\n              35.0708\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7333,\n              35.0708\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.7333,\n              34.2833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a95e4b07f02db659f54","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mathany, Timothy M. 0000-0002-4747-5113","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4747-5113","contributorId":99949,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mathany","given":"Timothy M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303577,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belitz, Kenneth 0000-0003-4481-2345 kbelitz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4481-2345","contributorId":442,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belitz","given":"Kenneth","email":"kbelitz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":27111,"text":"National Water Quality Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":503,"text":"Office of Water Quality","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303576,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97915,"text":"ofr20091118 - 2009 - Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-11T20:48:21.828029","indexId":"ofr20091118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1118","title":"Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008","docAbstract":"The United States ranks as one of the top countries in the world in the number of young, active volcanoes within its borders. The United States, including the Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, is home to approximately 170 geologically active (age <10,000 years) volcanoes. As our review of the record shows, 30 of these volcanoes have erupted since 1980, many repeatedly. In addition to producing eruptions, many U.S. volcanoes exhibit periods of anomalous activity, unrest, that do not culminate in eruptions. \r\n\r\nMonitoring volcanic activity in the United States is the responsibility of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Volcano Hazards Program (VHP) and is accomplished with academic, Federal, and State partners. The VHP supports five Volcano Observatories - the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO), Cascades Volcano Observatory (CVO), Yellowstone Volcano Observatory (YVO), Long Valley Observatory (LVO), and Hawaiian Volcano Observatory (HVO). With the exception of HVO, which was established in 1912, the U.S. Volcano Observatories have been established in the past 27 years in response to specific volcanic eruptions or sustained levels of unrest. As understanding of volcanic activity and hazards has grown over the years, so have the extent and types of monitoring networks and techniques available to detect early signs of anomalous volcanic behavior. This increased capability is providing us with a more accurate gauge of volcanic activity in the United States. \r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to (1) document the range of volcanic activity that U.S. Volcano Observatories have dealt with, beginning with the 1980 eruption of Mount St. Helens, (2) describe some overall characteristics of the activity, and (3) serve as a quick reference to pertinent published literature on the eruptions and unrest documented in this report.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091118","usgsCitation":"Diefenbach, A., Guffanti, M., and Ewert, J.W., 2009, Chronology and references of volcanic eruptions and selected unrest in the United States, 1980-2008 (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1118, 85 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091118.","productDescription":"85 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"1980-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125528,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1118.jpg"},{"id":13087,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1118/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"Commonwealth of the Northern Mariana Islands, United States","state":"Alaska, Washington","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dae4b07f02db5e041b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Diefenbach, Angela K. 0000-0003-0214-7818","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0214-7818","contributorId":36650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Diefenbach","given":"Angela K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97916,"text":"ofr20091200 - 2009 - Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"ofr20091200","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-10T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1200","title":"Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds","docAbstract":"Debris-retention basins in Southern California are frequently used to protect communities and infrastructure from the hazards of flooding and debris flow. Empirical models that predict sediment yields are used to determine the size of the basins. Such models have been developed using analyses of records of the amount of material removed from debris retention basins, associated rainfall amounts, measures of watershed characteristics, and wildfire extent and history. In this study we used multiple linear regression methods to develop two updated empirical models to predict sediment yields for watersheds located in Southern California. The models are based on both new and existing measures of volume of sediment removed from debris retention basins, measures of watershed morphology, and characterization of burn severity distributions for watersheds located in Ventura, Los Angeles, and San Bernardino Counties. The first model presented reflects conditions in watersheds located throughout the Transverse Ranges of Southern California and is based on volumes of sediment measured following single storm events with known rainfall conditions. The second model presented is specific to conditions in Ventura County watersheds and was developed using volumes of sediment measured following multiple storm events. To relate sediment volumes to triggering storm rainfall, a rainfall threshold was developed to identify storms likely to have caused sediment deposition. A measured volume of sediment deposited by numerous storms was parsed among the threshold-exceeding storms based on relative storm rainfall totals.\r\n\r\nThe predictive strength of the two models developed here, and of previously-published models, was evaluated using a test dataset consisting of 65 volumes of sediment yields measured in Southern California. The evaluation indicated that the model developed using information from single storm events in the Transverse Ranges best predicted sediment yields for watersheds in San Bernardino, Los Angeles, and Ventura Counties. This model predicts sediment yield as a function of the peak 1-hour rainfall, the watershed area burned by the most recent fire (at all severities), the time since the most recent fire, watershed area, average gradient, and relief ratio. The model that reflects conditions specific to Ventura County watersheds consistently under-predicted sediment yields and is not recommended for application. Some previously-published models performed reasonably well, while others either under-predicted sediment yields or had a larger range of errors in the predicted sediment yields.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091200","usgsCitation":"Gartner, J.E., Cannon, S.H., Helsel, D., and Bandurraga, M., 2009, Multivariate Statistical Models for Predicting Sediment Yields from Southern California Watersheds: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1200, Report: v, 42 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091200.","productDescription":"Report: v, 42 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118541,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1200.jpg"},{"id":13088,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1200/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b473f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303582,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Helsel, Dennis R.","contributorId":85569,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Helsel","given":"Dennis R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303584,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bandurraga, Mark","contributorId":57974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bandurraga","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303583,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70204956,"text":"70204956 - 2009 - Erratum to Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-27T08:03:15","indexId":"70204956","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-09T15:35:38","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3352,"text":"Science of the Total Environment","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Erratum to Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.025","usgsCitation":"Barringer, J., Bonin, J., DeLuca, M.J., Romagna, T., Cenno, K., Alebus, M., Kratzer, T., and Hirst, B., 2009, Erratum to Sources and temporal dynamics of arsenic in a New Jersey watershed, USA: Science of the Total Environment, v. 408, no. 1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.025.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"169","costCenters":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476053,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2009.09.025","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":366930,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-75.210876,39.865709],[-75.210425,39.865913],[-75.195324,39.877013],[-75.189323,39.880713],[-75.183023,39.882013],[-75.150721,39.882713],[-75.145421,39.884213],[-75.142421,39.886413],[-75.140221,39.888213],[-75.140006,39.888465],[-75.13342,39.896213],[-75.13082,39.900213],[-75.12792,39.911813],[-75.13012,39.917013],[-75.13282,39.921612],[-75.13502,39.927312],[-75.13612,39.933912],[-75.13572,39.947112],[-75.13352,39.954412],[-75.13012,39.958712],[-75.12692,39.961112],[-75.11922,39.965412],[-75.108119,39.970312],[-75.093718,39.974412],[-75.092481,39.974606],[-75.088618,39.975212],[-75.072017,39.980612],[-75.059994,39.991618],[-75.059017,39.992512],[-75.051217,40.004512],[-75.047016,40.008912],[-75.039316,40.013012],[-75.015515,40.019511],[-75.013796,40.020214],[-75.011115,40.021311],[-75.007914,40.023111],[-74.989914,40.037311],[-74.983913,40.042711],[-74.974713,40.048711],[-74.97432,40.048899],[-74.944412,40.063211],[-74.932211,40.068411],[-74.925311,40.07071],[-74.920811,40.07111],[-74.911911,40.06991],[-74.909011,40.07021],[-74.898573,40.072967],[-74.88781,40.07581],[-74.880209,40.07881],[-74.863809,40.08221],[-74.860909,40.08371],[-74.859809,40.08491],[-74.858209,40.08881],[-74.856509,40.09131],[-74.854409,40.09311],[-74.851108,40.09491],[-74.843408,40.09771],[-74.838008,40.10091],[-74.835108,40.10391],[-74.832808,40.11171],[-74.828408,40.12031],[-74.825907,40.12391],[-74.822307,40.12671],[-74.819007,40.12751],[-74.816307,40.12761],[-74.812807,40.12691],[-74.800607,40.12281],[-74.788706,40.12041],[-74.785106,40.12031],[-74.782106,40.12081],[-74.769488,40.129145],[-74.762864,40.132541],[-74.758882,40.134036],[-74.755305,40.13471],[-74.745905,40.13421],[-74.742905,40.13441],[-74.740605,40.13521],[-74.725663,40.145495],[-74.724304,40.14701],[-74.724134,40.14731],[-74.722604,40.15001],[-74.721604,40.15381],[-74.721504,40.158409],[-74.722304,40.160609],[-74.733804,40.174509],[-74.737205,40.177609],[-74.744105,40.181009],[-74.751705,40.183309],[-74.751943,40.183483],[-74.754305,40.185209],[-74.755605,40.186709],[-74.756905,40.189409],[-74.760605,40.198909],[-74.766905,40.207709],[-74.770406,40.214508],[-74.77136,40.215399],[-74.781206,40.221508],[-74.795306,40.229408],[-74.819507,40.238508],[-74.823907,40.241508],[-74.836307,40.246208],[-74.842308,40.250508],[-74.846608,40.258808],[-74.853108,40.269707],[-74.856508,40.277407],[-74.860492,40.284584],[-74.864692,40.290684],[-74.868209,40.295207],[-74.880609,40.305607],[-74.887109,40.310307],[-74.891609,40.313007],[-74.896409,40.315107],[-74.90331,40.315607],[-74.90831,40.316907],[-74.91741,40.322406],[-74.92681,40.329406],[-74.933111,40.333106],[-74.939711,40.338006],[-74.942954,40.341643],[-74.943776,40.342564],[-74.945088,40.347332],[-74.946006,40.357306],[-74.948722,40.364768],[-74.953697,40.376081],[-74.963997,40.395246],[-74.965508,40.397337],[-74.969597,40.39977],[-74.982735,40.404432],[-74.985467,40.405935],[-74.988901,40.408773],[-74.996378,40.410528],[-74.998651,40.410093],[-75.003351,40.40785],[-75.017221,40.404638],[-75.024775,40.403455],[-75.028315,40.403883],[-75.036616,40.406796],[-75.041651,40.409894],[-75.043071,40.411603],[-75.046473,40.413792],[-75.056102,40.416066],[-75.058848,40.418065],[-75.061489,40.422848],[-75.062923,40.433407],[-75.067425,40.448323],[-75.070568,40.455165],[-75.070568,40.456348],[-75.067302,40.464954],[-75.06805,40.468578],[-75.067776,40.472827],[-75.064327,40.476795],[-75.062227,40.481391],[-75.061937,40.486362],[-75.062373,40.491689],[-75.065275,40.504682],[-75.066001,40.510716],[-75.065853,40.519495],[-75.06509,40.526148],[-75.066402,40.536532],[-75.066426,40.536619],[-75.067257,40.539584],[-75.068615,40.542223],[-75.078503,40.548296],[-75.0957,40.564401],[-75.100325,40.567811],[-75.110903,40.570671],[-75.117292,40.573211],[-75.136748,40.575731],[-75.141906,40.575273],[-75.147368,40.573152],[-75.158446,40.565286],[-75.162871,40.564096],[-75.168609,40.564111],[-75.175307,40.564996],[-75.183151,40.567354],[-75.186737,40.569406],[-75.192352,40.574257],[-75.194046,40.576256],[-75.19487,40.578591],[-75.195114,40.579689],[-75.194656,40.58194],[-75.190796,40.586838],[-75.190146,40.590359],[-75.190369,40.591642],[-75.192291,40.602676],[-75.195923,40.606788],[-75.196803,40.60858],[-75.198499,40.611492],[-75.201348,40.614628],[-75.201812,40.617188],[-75.200708,40.618356],[-75.197891,40.619332],[-75.190691,40.619956],[-75.189283,40.621492],[-75.188579,40.624628],[-75.191059,40.637971],[-75.192276,40.640803],[-75.193492,40.642275],[-75.200468,40.646899],[-75.200452,40.649219],[-75.196676,40.655123],[-75.190852,40.661939],[-75.18794,40.663811],[-75.182756,40.665971],[-75.177491,40.672595],[-75.176803,40.675715],[-75.177587,40.677731],[-75.180564,40.679363],[-75.184516,40.679971],[-75.19058,40.679379],[-75.19692,40.681299],[-75.20092,40.685498],[-75.20392,40.691498],[-75.19872,40.705298],[-75.19442,40.714018],[-75.192612,40.715874],[-75.189412,40.71797],[-75.186372,40.72397],[-75.1825,40.729922],[-75.182084,40.731522],[-75.182804,40.73365],[-75.18578,40.737266],[-75.195349,40.745473],[-75.196325,40.747137],[-75.196861,40.750097],[-75.196533,40.751631],[-75.191796,40.75583],[-75.183037,40.759344],[-75.17904,40.761897],[-75.177477,40.764225],[-75.176855,40.768721],[-75.17562,40.772923],[-75.173349,40.776129],[-75.171587,40.777745],[-75.169523,40.778473],[-75.16365,40.778386],[-75.149378,40.774786],[-75.139106,40.773606],[-75.1344,40.773765],[-75.133303,40.774124],[-75.131465,40.77595],[-75.125867,40.784026],[-75.123088,40.786746],[-75.116842,40.78935],[-75.111343,40.789896],[-75.108505,40.791094],[-75.1008,40.799797],[-75.100277,40.801176],[-75.100165,40.803],[-75.100739,40.805488],[-75.100277,40.807578],[-75.098279,40.810286],[-75.096147,40.812211],[-75.090518,40.815913],[-75.085387,40.821972],[-75.083929,40.824471],[-75.083822,40.827805],[-75.085517,40.830085],[-75.09494,40.837103],[-75.097006,40.839336],[-75.097572,40.840967],[-75.097586,40.843042],[-75.097221,40.844672],[-75.095784,40.847082],[-75.090962,40.849187],[-75.076684,40.849875],[-75.073544,40.84894],[-75.07083,40.847392],[-75.066014,40.847591],[-75.064328,40.848338],[-75.060491,40.85302],[-75.053294,40.8599],[-75.051029,40.865662],[-75.050839,40.868067],[-75.051508,40.870224],[-75.053664,40.87366],[-75.058655,40.877654],[-75.062149,40.882289],[-75.065438,40.885682],[-75.07392,40.892176],[-75.07534,40.894162],[-75.075957,40.895694],[-75.075188,40.900154],[-75.076092,40.907042],[-75.076956,40.90988],[-75.079279,40.91389],[-75.095526,40.924152],[-75.09772,40.926679],[-75.105524,40.936294],[-75.106153,40.939671],[-75.111683,40.948111],[-75.117764,40.953023],[-75.118904,40.956361],[-75.119893,40.961646],[-75.120316,40.96263],[-75.12065,40.964028],[-75.11977,40.96651],[-75.120435,40.968302],[-75.120514,40.968369],[-75.122603,40.970152],[-75.129074,40.968976],[-75.131364,40.969277],[-75.13378,40.970973],[-75.135526,40.973807],[-75.135521,40.976865],[-75.133086,40.980179],[-75.132106,40.982566],[-75.13153,40.984914],[-75.131619,40.9889],[-75.130575,40.991093],[-75.127196,40.993954],[-75.123423,40.996129],[-75.110595,41.002174],[-75.109114,41.004102],[-75.100682,41.006716],[-75.095556,41.008874],[-75.090312,41.013302],[-75.089787,41.014549],[-75.081101,41.016838],[-75.074999,41.01713],[-75.070532,41.01862],[-75.040668,41.031755],[-75.034496,41.036755],[-75.030701,41.038416],[-75.025777,41.039806],[-75.02543,41.04071],[-75.026376,41.04444],[-75.025702,41.046482],[-75.019186,41.052968],[-75.017239,41.055491],[-75.015867,41.05821],[-75.015271,41.061215],[-75.01257,41.066281],[-75.011133,41.067521],[-75.006376,41.067546],[-74.999617,41.073943],[-74.994847,41.076556],[-74.989332,41.078319],[-74.98259,41.079172],[-74.970987,41.085293],[-74.968389,41.087797],[-74.966759,41.093425],[-74.967136,41.094441],[-74.967464,41.095327],[-74.969434,41.096074],[-74.972036,41.095562],[-74.975298,41.094073],[-74.981314,41.08986],[-74.984782,41.088545],[-74.988263,41.088222],[-74.991013,41.088578],[-74.991815,41.089132],[-74.991718,41.092284],[-74.982212,41.108245],[-74.979873,41.110423],[-74.972917,41.113327],[-74.969312,41.113869],[-74.966298,41.113669],[-74.964294,41.114237],[-74.947912,41.12356],[-74.947334,41.124439],[-74.947714,41.126292],[-74.945067,41.129052],[-74.931141,41.133387],[-74.923169,41.138146],[-74.905256,41.155668],[-74.90178,41.161394],[-74.901172,41.16387],[-74.899701,41.166181],[-74.889424,41.1736],[-74.882139,41.180836],[-74.878492,41.187504],[-74.878275,41.190489],[-74.874034,41.198543],[-74.867287,41.208754],[-74.860398,41.217454],[-74.859632,41.219077],[-74.859323,41.220507],[-74.860837,41.222317],[-74.866839,41.226865],[-74.867405,41.22777],[-74.866182,41.232132],[-74.862049,41.237609],[-74.861678,41.241575],[-74.857151,41.248975],[-74.856003,41.250094],[-74.854669,41.25051],[-74.848987,41.251192],[-74.846932,41.253318],[-74.845883,41.254945],[-74.845031,41.258055],[-74.846506,41.261576],[-74.846319,41.263077],[-74.841137,41.27098],[-74.838366,41.277286],[-74.834067,41.281111],[-74.830057,41.2872],[-74.821884,41.293838],[-74.815703,41.296151],[-74.812033,41.298157],[-74.806858,41.303155],[-74.792558,41.310628],[-74.791991,41.311639],[-74.792377,41.314088],[-74.795822,41.318516],[-74.79504,41.320407],[-74.792116,41.322465],[-74.789095,41.323281],[-74.781584,41.324229],[-74.774887,41.324326],[-74.771588,41.325079],[-74.766714,41.328558],[-74.763499,41.331568],[-74.760325,41.340325],[-74.755971,41.344953],[-74.753239,41.346122],[-74.735622,41.346518],[-74.730373,41.345983],[-74.720923,41.347384],[-74.708514,41.352734],[-74.704429,41.354043],[-74.700595,41.354553],[-74.694914,41.357423],[-74.641544,41.332879],[-74.607348,41.317774],[-74.499603,41.267344],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.378898,41.208994],[-74.365849,41.202999],[-74.320995,41.182394],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.234473,41.142883],[-74.21321,41.134192],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.096786,41.083796],[-74.092486,41.081896],[-74.041054,41.059088],[-74.041049,41.059086],[-73.91188,41.001297],[-73.907054,40.998476],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-73.90268,40.997297],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.90728,40.951498],[-73.91558,40.924898],[-73.91768,40.919498],[-73.917905,40.917577],[-73.918405,40.917477],[-73.919705,40.913478],[-73.926758,40.895355],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.933406,40.882078],[-73.933408,40.882075],[-73.938081,40.874699],[-73.948281,40.858399],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.968082,40.8207],[-73.984822,40.797444],[-73.991568,40.788074],[-74.000223,40.77605],[-74.009184,40.763601],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-74.021117,40.727417],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.038538,40.710741],[-74.051185,40.695802],[-74.069885,40.684502],[-74.082786,40.673702],[-74.089986,40.659903],[-74.087397,40.653607],[-74.094086,40.649703],[-74.143387,40.641903],[-74.161397,40.644092],[-74.181083,40.646484],[-74.186027,40.646076],[-74.189106,40.643832],[-74.202223,40.631053],[-74.206731,40.594569],[-74.208988,40.576304],[-74.214788,40.560604],[-74.218189,40.557204],[-74.231589,40.559204],[-74.248641,40.549601],[-74.251441,40.542301],[-74.246237,40.520963],[-74.26829,40.499205],[-74.269998,40.495014],[-74.27269,40.488405],[-74.26759,40.471806],[-74.261889,40.464706],[-74.236689,40.457806],[-74.225035,40.453301],[-74.224047,40.452919],[-74.222959,40.452499],[-74.209788,40.447407],[-74.206188,40.440707],[-74.206419,40.438789],[-74.208655,40.43752],[-74.207205,40.435434],[-74.202128,40.43894],[-74.193908,40.440995],[-74.191309,40.44299],[-74.187787,40.447407],[-74.174787,40.455607],[-74.174893,40.454491],[-74.175074,40.449144],[-74.176842,40.44774],[-74.175346,40.446607],[-74.169977,40.45064],[-74.167009,40.448737],[-74.166193,40.447128],[-74.164029,40.448312],[-74.163314,40.448424],[-74.157787,40.446607],[-74.153611,40.447647],[-74.152686,40.447344],[-74.151952,40.448062],[-74.142886,40.450407],[-74.139886,40.453407],[-74.138415,40.454468],[-74.135823,40.455196],[-74.133727,40.454672],[-74.131135,40.453245],[-74.127466,40.451061],[-74.124692,40.44958],[-74.122327,40.448258],[-74.116863,40.446069],[-74.088085,40.438407],[-74.076185,40.433707],[-74.058984,40.422708],[-74.047884,40.418908],[-74.006383,40.411108],[-73.998505,40.410911],[-73.995486,40.419472],[-73.991682,40.442908],[-74.006077,40.464625],[-74.017783,40.472207],[-74.017917,40.474338],[-74.014031,40.476471],[-74.0071,40.475298],[-73.995683,40.468707],[-73.978282,40.440208],[-73.976982,40.408508],[-73.971381,40.371709],[-73.971381,40.34801],[-73.977442,40.299373],[-73.981681,40.279411],[-73.993292,40.237669],[-74.016017,40.166914],[-74.030181,40.122814],[-74.03408,40.103115],[-74.031861,40.101047],[-74.031318,40.100541],[-74.033546,40.099518],[-74.039421,40.081437],[-74.058798,40.001244],[-74.064135,39.979157],[-74.077247,39.910991],[-74.090945,39.799978],[-74.097071,39.767847],[-74.096906,39.76303],[-74.09892,39.759538],[-74.101443,39.756173],[-74.113655,39.740719],[-74.141733,39.689435],[-74.190974,39.625118],[-74.240506,39.554911],[-74.249043,39.547994],[-74.27737,39.514064],[-74.291585,39.507705],[-74.311037,39.506715],[-74.312451,39.499869],[-74.313689,39.493874],[-74.308344,39.483945],[-74.304778,39.482945],[-74.302184,39.478935],[-74.304343,39.471445],[-74.334804,39.432001],[-74.36699,39.402017],[-74.406692,39.377516],[-74.406792,39.373916],[-74.408237,39.365071],[-74.412692,39.360816],[-74.459894,39.345016],[-74.521797,39.313816],[-74.541443,39.300245],[-74.551151,39.293539],[-74.553439,39.286915],[-74.560957,39.278677],[-74.581008,39.270819],[-74.597921,39.258851],[-74.614481,39.244659],[-74.636306,39.220834],[-74.646595,39.212002],[-74.651443,39.198578],[-74.67143,39.179802],[-74.714341,39.119804],[-74.71532,39.116893],[-74.714135,39.114631],[-74.704409,39.107858],[-74.705876,39.102937],[-74.738316,39.074727],[-74.778777,39.023073],[-74.786356,39.000113],[-74.792723,38.991991],[-74.807917,38.985948],[-74.819354,38.979402],[-74.850748,38.954538],[-74.864458,38.94041],[-74.865198,38.941439],[-74.870497,38.943543],[-74.882309,38.941759],[-74.90705,38.931994],[-74.920414,38.929136],[-74.933571,38.928519],[-74.963463,38.931194],[-74.967274,38.933413],[-74.971995,38.94037],[-74.955363,39.001262],[-74.94947,39.015637],[-74.93832,39.035185],[-74.903664,39.087437],[-74.897784,39.098811],[-74.892547,39.113183],[-74.885914,39.143627],[-74.887167,39.158825],[-74.905181,39.174945],[-74.914936,39.177553],[-74.962382,39.190238],[-74.976266,39.192271],[-74.998002,39.191253],[-75.026179,39.193621],[-75.028885,39.19456],[-75.027824,39.199482],[-75.023586,39.202594],[-75.023437,39.204791],[-75.026376,39.20985],[-75.035672,39.215415],[-75.041663,39.215511],[-75.047797,39.211702],[-75.052326,39.213609],[-75.062506,39.213564],[-75.086395,39.208159],[-75.101019,39.211657],[-75.107286,39.211403],[-75.114748,39.207554],[-75.12707,39.189766],[-75.136548,39.179425],[-75.139136,39.180021],[-75.165979,39.201842],[-75.164798,39.216606],[-75.170444,39.234643],[-75.177506,39.242746],[-75.205857,39.262619],[-75.21251,39.262755],[-75.241639,39.274097],[-75.244056,39.27769],[-75.242881,39.280574],[-75.244357,39.2857],[-75.251806,39.299913],[-75.271629,39.304041],[-75.28262,39.299055],[-75.285333,39.292212],[-75.288898,39.289557],[-75.30601,39.301712],[-75.315201,39.310593],[-75.326754,39.332473],[-75.327463,39.33927],[-75.333743,39.345335],[-75.341969,39.348697],[-75.355558,39.347823],[-75.365016,39.341388],[-75.39003,39.358259],[-75.394331,39.363753],[-75.395181,39.371398],[-75.399304,39.37949],[-75.407294,39.381954],[-75.422099,39.386521],[-75.431803,39.391625],[-75.442393,39.402291],[-75.465212,39.43893],[-75.476279,39.438126],[-75.483572,39.440824],[-75.505672,39.452927],[-75.508383,39.459131],[-75.536431,39.460559],[-75.542894,39.470447],[-75.544368,39.479602],[-75.542693,39.496568],[-75.528088,39.498114],[-75.527141,39.500112],[-75.529368,39.501229],[-75.53014,39.505373],[-75.529978,39.510817],[-75.526654,39.526638],[-75.526787,39.53144],[-75.527676,39.535278],[-75.531575,39.536825],[-75.534014,39.540702],[-75.532342,39.54328],[-75.526003,39.548488],[-75.519026,39.555401],[-75.514756,39.562612],[-75.511932,39.567616],[-75.512732,39.578],[-75.515228,39.580752],[-75.519628,39.583248],[-75.521596,39.583088],[-75.525677,39.584048],[-75.531133,39.587984],[-75.534477,39.590384],[-75.537213,39.592944],[-75.53954,39.594251],[-75.539949,39.594384],[-75.543965,39.596],[-75.545405,39.596784],[-75.553502,39.602],[-75.55587,39.605824],[-75.556734,39.606688],[-75.557502,39.609184],[-75.556878,39.612144],[-75.558446,39.617296],[-75.559614,39.624208],[-75.559102,39.629056],[-75.559446,39.629812],[-75.556246,39.634912],[-75.550645,39.637912],[-75.547197,39.640528],[-75.542045,39.646012],[-75.539245,39.646112],[-75.535144,39.647212],[-75.526744,39.655113],[-75.526844,39.655713],[-75.526344,39.656413],[-75.522343,39.660813],[-75.518343,39.663913],[-75.514643,39.668613],[-75.511743,39.674313],[-75.509342,39.685313],[-75.509742,39.686113],[-75.509042,39.694513],[-75.507162,39.696961],[-75.504042,39.698313],[-75.496241,39.701413],[-75.491341,39.711113],[-75.488553,39.714833],[-75.485241,39.715813],[-75.483141,39.715513],[-75.481741,39.714546],[-75.47894,39.713813],[-75.47764,39.715013],[-75.476888,39.718337],[-75.477432,39.720561],[-75.47724,39.724713],[-75.47544,39.728713],[-75.475384,39.731057],[-75.474168,39.735473],[-75.469239,39.743613],[-75.466263,39.750737],[-75.466249,39.750769],[-75.463039,39.758313],[-75.463339,39.761213],[-75.459439,39.765813],[-75.452339,39.769013],[-75.447339,39.773313],[-75.448135,39.773969],[-75.448639,39.774113],[-75.440909,39.780831],[-75.437938,39.783413],[-75.405337,39.796213],[-75.415041,39.801786],[-75.403737,39.807512],[-75.390536,39.815312],[-75.389764,39.815819],[-75.371835,39.827612],[-75.3544,39.839917],[-75.341765,39.846082],[-75.330433,39.849012],[-75.323232,39.849812],[-75.309674,39.850179],[-75.293376,39.848782],[-75.271159,39.84944],[-75.243431,39.854597],[-75.235026,39.856613],[-75.221025,39.861113],[-75.210876,39.865709]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New Jersey\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","volume":"408","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barringer, Julia jbarring@usgs.gov","contributorId":169542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barringer","given":"Julia","email":"jbarring@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":769261,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bonin, Jennifer L. 0000-0002-7631-9734","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7631-9734","contributorId":59404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonin","given":"Jennifer L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769262,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeLuca, Michael J.","contributorId":82008,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeLuca","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769263,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Romagna, T.","contributorId":37155,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romagna","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769264,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Cenno, K.","contributorId":66919,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cenno","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769265,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Alebus, Marzooq","contributorId":15497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alebus","given":"Marzooq","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769266,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Kratzer, T.","contributorId":105532,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kratzer","given":"T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769267,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Hirst, B.","contributorId":78555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hirst","given":"B.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":769268,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70003497,"text":"70003497 - 2009 - A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-05T17:41:20.934657","indexId":"70003497","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T14:46:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2367,"text":"Journal of Land Use Science","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon","docAbstract":"<p><span>Worldwide, land change is responsible for one-fifth of anthropogenic carbon emissions. In Brazil, three-quarters of carbon emissions originate from land change. This study represents a municipal-scale study of carbon fluxes from vegetation in Rio Branco, Brazil. Land-cover maps of pasture, forest, and secondary growth from 1993, 1996, 1999, and 2003 were produced using an unsupervised classification method (overall accuracy = 89%). Carbon fluxes from land change over the decade of imagery were estimated from transitions between land-cover categories for each time interval. This article presents new methods for estimating emissions reductions from carbon stored in the vegetation that replaces forests (e.g., pasture) and sequestration by new (&gt;10–15 years) forests, which reduced gross emissions by 16, 15, and 22% for the period of 1993–1996, 1996–1999, and 1999–2003, respectively. The methods used in the analysis are broadly applicable and provide a comprehensive characterization of regional-scale carbon fluxes from land change.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Taylor and Francis","doi":"10.1080/17474230903222481","usgsCitation":"Barrett, K., Rogan, J., and Eastman, J., 2009, A case study of carbon fluxes from land change in the Southwest Brazilian Amazon: Journal of Land Use Science, v. 4, no. 4, p. 233-248, https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230903222481.","productDescription":"16 p.","startPage":"233","endPage":"248","costCenters":[{"id":118,"text":"Alaska Science Center Geography","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476055,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/17474230903222481","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":384095,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Southwest Brazilian Amazon Rainforest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -50.5810546875,\n              -0.17578097424708533\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.8291015625,\n              -3.425691524418062\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.861328125,\n              -5.134714634014442\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.95996093749999,\n              -7.318881730366743\n            ],\n            [\n              -73.212890625,\n              -9.535748998133615\n            ],\n            [\n              -72.0703125,\n              -9.96885060854611\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.57617187499999,\n              -9.579084335882534\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.48828125,\n              -11.049038346537094\n            ],\n            [\n              -68.37890625,\n              -12.46876014482322\n            ],\n            [\n              -69.12597656249999,\n              -14.434680215297268\n            ],\n            [\n              -60.55664062499999,\n              -14.349547837185362\n            ],\n            [\n              -55.37109374999999,\n              -14.562317701914843\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.833984375,\n              -12.983147716796566\n            ],\n            [\n              -44.736328125,\n              -10.833305983642491\n            ],\n            [\n              -41.1767578125,\n              -8.49410453755187\n            ],\n            [\n              -39.5068359375,\n              -5.747174076651375\n            ],\n            [\n              -39.287109375,\n              -3.3818237353282767\n            ],\n            [\n              -40.341796875,\n              -2.6357885741666065\n            ],\n            [\n              -43.41796875,\n              -2.2406396093827206\n            ],\n            [\n              -45.0439453125,\n              -1.5818302639606454\n            ],\n            [\n              -48.47167968749999,\n              -0.21972602392080884\n            ],\n            [\n              -50.5810546875,\n              -0.17578097424708533\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"4","issue":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1117","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Barrett, K.","contributorId":40318,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Barrett","given":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rogan, J.","contributorId":80386,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rogan","given":"J.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Eastman, J.R.","contributorId":18876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eastman","given":"J.R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":347516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97908,"text":"sir20095188 - 2009 - Application guide for AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of Channels) described by NHDPlus","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-10-06T14:46:50","indexId":"sir20095188","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5188","title":"Application guide for AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of Channels) described by NHDPlus","docAbstract":"AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of CHannels) is a computer application that can be used to generate a time series of monthly flows at stream segments (flowlines) and water yields for catchments defined in the National Hydrography Dataset Plus (NHDPlus) value-added attribute system. AFINCH provides a basis for integrating monthly flow data from streamgages, water-use data, monthly climatic data, and land-cover characteristics to estimate natural monthly water yields from catchments by user-defined regression equations. Images of monthly water yields for active streamgages are generated in AFINCH and provide a basis for detecting anomalies in water yields, which may be associated with undocumented flow diversions or augmentations. Water yields are multiplied by the drainage areas of the corresponding catchments to estimate monthly flows. Flows from catchments are accumulated downstream through the streamflow network described by the stream segments. For stream segments where streamgages are active, ratios of measured to accumulated flows are computed. These ratios are applied to upstream water yields to proportionally adjust estimated flows to match measured flows. Flow is conserved through the NHDPlus network. A time series of monthly flows can be generated for stream segments that average about 1-mile long, or monthly water yields from catchments that average about 1 square mile. Estimated monthly flows can be displayed within AFINCH, examined for nonstationarity, and tested for monotonic trends. Monthly flows also can be used to estimate flow-duration characteristics at stream segments. AFINCH generates output files of monthly flows and water yields that are compatible with ArcMap, a geographical information system analysis and display environment. Chloropleth maps of monthly water yield and flow can be generated and analyzed within ArcMap by joining NHDPlus data structures with AFINCH output. Matlab code for the AFINCH application is presented.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095188","usgsCitation":"Holtschlag, D.J., 2009, Application guide for AFINCH (Analysis of Flows in Networks of Channels) described by NHDPlus: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5188, xii, 106 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095188.","productDescription":"xii, 106 p.","costCenters":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125680,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5188.jpg"},{"id":13081,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5188/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67abcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holtschlag, David J. 0000-0001-5185-4928 dholtschlag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5185-4928","contributorId":5447,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holtschlag","given":"David","email":"dholtschlag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":382,"text":"Michigan Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303556,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97907,"text":"sir20095134 - 2009 - Dendrogeomorphic Assessment of the Rattlesnake Gulf Landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095134","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5134","title":"Dendrogeomorphic Assessment of the Rattlesnake Gulf Landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York","docAbstract":"Dendrogeomorphic techniques were used to assess soil movement within the Rattlesnake Gulf landslide in the Tully Valley of central New York during the last century. This landslide is a postglacial, slow-moving earth slide that covers 23 acres and consists primarily of rotated, laminated, glaciolacustrine silt and clay. Sixty-two increment cores were obtained from 30 hemlock (Tsuga canadensis) trees across the active part of the landslide and from 3 control sites to interpret the soil-displacement history. Annual growth rings were measured and reaction wood was identified to indicate years in which ring growth changed from concentric to eccentric, on the premise that soil movement triggered compensatory growth in displaced trees. These data provided a basis for an 'event index' to identify years of landslide activity over the 108 years of record represented by the oldest trees. Event-index values and total annual precipitation increased during this time, but years with sudden event-index increases did not necessarily correspond to years with above-average precipitation. Multiple-regression and residual-values analyses indicated a possible correlation between precipitation and movement within the landslide and a possible cyclic (decades-long) tree-ring response to displacement within the landslide area from the toe upward to, and possibly beyond, previously formed landslide features. The soil movement is triggered by a sequence of factors that include (1) periods of several months with below-average precipitation followed by persistent above-average precipitation, (2) the attendant increase in streamflow, which erodes the landslide toe and results in an upslope propagation of slumping, and (3) the harvesting of mature trees within this landslide during the last century and continuing to the present.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095134","isbn":"9781411326026","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Onondaga Lake Partnership and Onondaga Environmental Institute","usgsCitation":"Tamulonis, K.L., and Kappel, W.M., 2009, Dendrogeomorphic Assessment of the Rattlesnake Gulf Landslide in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5134, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095134.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5134.jpg"},{"id":13080,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5134/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.11666666666666,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ab2e4b07f02db66ecc4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tamulonis, Kathryn L.","contributorId":75234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamulonis","given":"Kathryn","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303555,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William M. 0000-0002-2382-9757 wkappel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2382-9757","contributorId":1074,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","email":"wkappel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303554,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97913,"text":"ofr20091179 - 2009 - Petrified Forest National Park Invasive Plant Species Survey and Mapping; 2002-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:46","indexId":"ofr20091179","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1179","title":"Petrified Forest National Park Invasive Plant Species Survey and Mapping; 2002-2005","docAbstract":"We conducted a survey for invasive nonnative plant species at Petrified Forest National Park from 2002 through 2005. The survey employed a unique sampling design consisting of a grid of consecutive one-hectare cells as the sampling units. Our use of predetermined sampling units allowed all observations to be referenced to a fixed area with geographic coordinates that easily transferred to a geographic information system. Our field team surveyed 2,730 sampling units in three select areas for at least 1 year and 879 sampling units for 4 years. During this period we identified 40 different invasive plant species; more than half the invasive plants (22 species) were annual forbs and grasses. Four invasive plant species occurred in 25 percent or more of all sampling units observed in one or more years: Bromus tectorum, Erodium cicutarium, Salsola tragus, and Sisymbrium altissimum. Salsola tragus was the most abundant species in all years and occurred in more than 55 percent of all sampling units surveyed each year.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091179","usgsCitation":"Thomas, K.A., Hunt, R., Arundel, T.R., and Guertin, P., 2009, Petrified Forest National Park Invasive Plant Species Survey and Mapping; 2002-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1179, Report: v, 73 p.; Data Package, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091179.","productDescription":"Report: v, 73 p.; Data Package","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2002-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125486,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1179.jpg"},{"id":13090,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1179/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110,34.7 ], [ -110,35.2 ], [ -109.5,35.2 ], [ -109.5,34.7 ], [ -110,34.7 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b17e4b07f02db6a6082","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Thomas, Kathryn A. 0000-0002-7131-8564 kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7131-8564","contributorId":167,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thomas","given":"Kathryn","email":"kathryn_a_thomas@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303572,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hunt, Randall J. 0000-0001-6465-9304","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6465-9304","contributorId":16118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hunt","given":"Randall J.","affiliations":[{"id":37947,"text":"Upper Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":677,"text":"Wisconsin Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303574,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Arundel, Terry R. tarundel@usgs.gov","contributorId":5034,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Arundel","given":"Terry","email":"tarundel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303573,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guertin, P.","contributorId":46185,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guertin","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303575,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97910,"text":"ofr20091193 - 2009 - Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-15T21:08:42.875025","indexId":"ofr20091193","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1193","displayTitle":"Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring of Trace Metals and a Benthic Community Near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008","title":"Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008","docAbstract":"<p>Results reported herein include trace element concentrations in sediment and in the clam<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(formerly reported as<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma balthica</i><span>&nbsp;</span>(Cohen and Carlton, 1995)), clam reproductive activity, and benthic macroinvertebrate community structure for a mudflat one kilometer south of the discharge of the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant (PARWQCP) in South San Francisco Bay. This report includes data collected for the period January 2008 to December 2008 and extends a critical long-term biogeochemical record dating back to 1974. These data serve as the basis for the City of Palo Alto's Near-Field Receiving Water Monitoring Program, initiated in 1994.</p><p>In 2008, metal concentrations in both sediments and clam tissue were among the lowest concentrations on record and consistent with results observed since 1991. Following significant reductions in the late 1980's, silver (Ag) and copper (Cu) concentrations appeared to have stabilized. Annual mean concentrations have fluctuated modestly (2–4 fold) in a nondirectional manner. Data for other metals, including chromium, mercury, nickel, selenium, vanadium, and zinc, have been collected since 1994. Over this period, concentrations of these elements, which more likely reflect regional inputs and systemwide processes, have remained relatively constant, aside from typical seasonal variation that is common to all elements. Within years, concentrations generally reach maximum in winter months (January–March) and decline to annual minima in spring through fall. Mercury (Hg) in sediments spiked to the highest observed level in January 2008. However, sedimentary concentrations for the rest of the year and concentrations of Hg in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>for the entire year were consistent with data from previous years. Average selenium (Se) concentrations in sediment were the highest on record, but there is no evidence, yet, to suggest a temporal trend of increasing sedimentary Se. Selenium in<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>was not elevated relative to past years. Overall, Cu and Ag concentrations in sediments and soft tissues of the clam,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i>, remained representative of the concentrations observed since 1991 following significant reductions in the discharge of these elements from PARWQCP, suggesting that, similar to other elements of regulatory interest, regional scale factors now largely influence sedimentary and bioavailable concentrations of Cu and Ag.</p><p>Analyses of the benthic-community structure of a mudflat in South San Francisco Bay over a 31-year period show that changes in the community have occurred concurrent with reduced concentrations of metals in the sediment and in the tissues of the biosentinel clam,<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i>, from the same area. Analysis of the reproductive activity of<span>&nbsp;</span><i>M. petalum</i><span>&nbsp;</span>shows increases in reproductive activity concurrent with the decline in metal concentrations in the tissues of this organism. Reproductive activity is presently stable, with almost all animals initiating reproduction in the fall and spawning the following spring of most years. The community has shifted from being dominated by several opportunistic species to a community where the species are more similar in abundance, a pattern that suggests a more stable community that is subjected to less stress. In addition, two of the opportunistic species (<i>Ampelisca abdita</i><span>&nbsp;</span>and<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Streblospio benedicti</i>) that brood their young and live on the surface of the sediment in tubes, have shown a continual decline in dominance coincident with the decline in metals.<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Heteromastus filiformis</i>, a subsurface polychaete worm that lives in the sediment, consumes sediment and organic particles residing in the sediment, and reproduces by laying their eggs on or in the sediment, has shown a concurrent increase in dominance and is now showing signs of population stability. An unidentified disturbance occurred on the mudflat in early 2008 that resulted in the loss of the benthic animals, except for those deep dwelling animals like<span>&nbsp;</span><i>Macoma petalum</i>. Animals immediately returned to the mudflat, which is indicative that the disturbance was not due to a persistent toxin or due to anoxia. This event allows us to examine the response of the mudflat benthic community to a natural disturbance (possible causes include sediment accretion or freshwater inundation) and compare this recovery to the longer term recovery we observed in the 1970s.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091193","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Palo Alto, California","usgsCitation":"Cain, D.J., Thompson, J.K., Dyke, J., Parcheso, F., Luoma, S.N., and Hornberger, M.I., 2009, Near-field receiving water monitoring of trace metals and a benthic community near the Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant in South San Francisco Bay, California: 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1193, vii, 120 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091193.","productDescription":"vii, 120 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125494,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1193.jpg"},{"id":402243,"rank":2,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87449.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13083,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1193/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Palo Alto Regional Water Quality Control Plant","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.10286617279053,\n              37.45564662685196\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09973335266112,\n              37.45564662685196\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.09973335266112,\n              37.459734584562185\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10286617279053,\n              37.459734584562185\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.10286617279053,\n              37.45564662685196\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db697fd6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cain, Daniel J. 0000-0002-3443-0493 djcain@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3443-0493","contributorId":1784,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cain","given":"Daniel","email":"djcain@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303563,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thompson, Janet K. 0000-0002-1528-8452 jthompso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1528-8452","contributorId":1009,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thompson","given":"Janet","email":"jthompso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303560,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dyke, Jessica jldyke@usgs.gov","contributorId":1035,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dyke","given":"Jessica","email":"jldyke@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303561,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Parcheso, Francis 0000-0002-9471-7787 parchaso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9471-7787","contributorId":2590,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parcheso","given":"Francis","email":"parchaso@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303565,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303564,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Hornberger, Michelle I. 0000-0002-7787-3446 mhornber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7787-3446","contributorId":1037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hornberger","given":"Michelle","email":"mhornber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"I.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303562,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97909,"text":"ofr20091223 - 2009 - Passage and behavior of radio-tagged adult Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentata) at the Willamette Falls Project, Oregon, 2005-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T14:18:24","indexId":"ofr20091223","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1223","title":"Passage and behavior of radio-tagged adult Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentata) at the Willamette Falls Project, Oregon, 2005-07","docAbstract":"We used radio telemetry to monitor passage and describe behavior characteristics of adult Pacific lampreys, Entosphenus tridentata, during their upstream migration at the Willamette Falls Project (Project) on the Willamette River near Portland, Oregon. Our objectives were to document: (1) specific routes of passage at the dam and falls; (2) duration of passage through different routes; and (3) overall passage success. During the spring through autumn of 2005 and 2006, fish were captured in a trap located in the fishway at the Project or collected by hand from the falls, surgically implanted with a radio tag, and released 2 kilometers downstream of the Project. We radio tagged 136 lampreys in 2005 and 107 in 2006. In both years, more than 90 percent of the fish returned to the Project with a median travel time of 7-9 hours. Most fish were first detected at the Project from about 20:00-23:00 hours. In 2005, 43 fish (35 percent) successfully passed through the fishway of the Project, which has four separate entrances and three distinct passage channels or legs that converge at one exit. Prior to the installation of flashboards around the perimeter of the falls in July, lampreys used all three legs of the fishway to pass the Project. After flashboards were installed, only fishway leg 1 was used. The peak of passage occurred in August. No fish passed over the falls, but 13 percent of the lampreys that traveled to the Project ascended at least partway up the falls. In 2006, 24 fish (23 percent) passed the Project, again primarily using fishway leg 1. Most fish passed prior to June 9 when the powerhouse was shut down due to construction. Although 19 lampreys ascended the falls, only 2 passed through this route in late June and early July. Flashboards were not installed in 2006. For both years, the time it took for fish to pass through the fishway depended on which leg they used - the median passage time was at least 4-5 hours in fishway legs 2 and 3 and ranged from 23 to 74 hours in fishway leg 1. Many fish resided in the tailrace for times ranging from a few hours to almost a year and eventually left the Project and moved downstream. Collectively, our results indicate that passage of radio-tagged upstream migrating Pacific lamprey at the Willamette Falls Project is relatively poor compared to passage success of these fish at dams on the Columbia River. Factors contributing to the low passage of lampreys at the Project may include low flows and water levels at fishway entrances, impediments in the fishways, delayed tagging effects, changing environmental and operational conditions, a learned aversion to a fishway, difficult passage over the falls, or not all lamprey are destined to migrate upstream of the falls.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091223","collaboration":"Prepared for: *Portland General Electric, Portland, OR; *U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Oregon Fish and Wildlife Office, Portland, OR; *Bureau of Reclamation, Lower Columbia Area Office, Portland, OR; *Confederated Tribes of the Grand Ronde, Portland Office, Portland, OR","usgsCitation":"Mesa, M.G., Magie, R.J., and Copeland, E.S., 2009, Passage and behavior of radio-tagged adult Pacific Lamprey (Entosphenus tridentata) at the Willamette Falls Project, Oregon, 2005-07: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1223, vi, 29 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091223.","productDescription":"vi, 29 p.","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118563,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1223.jpg"},{"id":13082,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1223/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Willamette River ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.61978149414062,\n              45.374699421134046\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.60759353637694,\n              45.368307974372875\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.60793685913086,\n              45.36324254131911\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.622013092041,\n              45.353351579044784\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.63866424560547,\n              45.34538930478674\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.6374626159668,\n              45.34044247948012\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61308670043945,\n              45.34912930037308\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.60158538818358,\n              45.36324254131911\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58888244628906,\n              45.37626702418105\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.58132934570311,\n              45.37916094640917\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.57995605468749,\n              45.38169300686438\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.60416030883788,\n              45.37530235052552\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61445999145508,\n              45.37711110013023\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.61978149414062,\n              45.374699421134046\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db688eb2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mesa, Matthew G. mmesa@usgs.gov","contributorId":3423,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mesa","given":"Matthew","email":"mmesa@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303557,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Magie, Robert J.","contributorId":79978,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Magie","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303558,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Copeland, Elizabeth S.","contributorId":82415,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Copeland","given":"Elizabeth","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303559,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97906,"text":"ofr20091227 - 2009 - Emergency Assessment of Postfire Debris-Flow Hazards for the 2009 Station Fire, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr20091227","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1227","title":"Emergency Assessment of Postfire Debris-Flow Hazards for the 2009 Station Fire, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California","docAbstract":"This report presents an emergency assessment of potential debris-flow hazards from basins burned by the 2009 Station fire in Los Angeles County, southern California. Statistical-empirical models developed for postfire debris flows are used to estimate the probability and volume of debris-flow production from 678 drainage basins within the burned area and to generate maps of areas that may be inundated along the San Gabriel mountain front by the estimated volume of material. Debris-flow probabilities and volumes are estimated as combined functions of different measures of basin burned extent, gradient, and material properties in response to both a 3-hour-duration, 1-year-recurrence thunderstorm and to a 12-hour-duration, 2-year recurrence storm. Debris-flow inundation areas are mapped for scenarios where all sediment-retention basins are empty and where the basins are all completely full. This assessment provides critical information for issuing warnings, locating and designing mitigation measures, and planning evacuation timing and routes within the first two winters following the fire.\r\n\r\nTributary basins that drain into Pacoima Canyon, Big Tujunga Canyon, Arroyo Seco, West Fork of the San Gabriel River, and Devils Canyon were identified as having probabilities of debris-flow occurrence greater than 80 percent, the potential to produce debris flows with volumes greater than 100,000 m3, and the highest Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Ranking in response to both storms. The predicted high probability and large magnitude of the response to such short-recurrence storms indicates the potential for significant debris-flow impacts to any buildings, roads, bridges, culverts, and reservoirs located both within these drainages and downstream from the burned area. These areas will require appropriate debris-flow mitigation and warning efforts.\r\n\r\nProbabilities of debris-flow occurrence greater than 80 percent, debris-flow volumes between 10,000 and 100,000 m3, and high Combined Relative Debris-Flow Hazard Rankings were estimated in response to both short recurrence-interval (1- and 2-year) storms for all but the smallest basins along the San Gabriel mountain front between Big Tujunga Canyon and Arroyo Seco. The combination of high probabilities and large magnitudes determined for these basins indicates significant debris-flow hazards for neighborhoods along the mountain front. When the capacity of sediment-retention basins is exceeded, debris flows may be deposited in neighborhoods and streets and impact infrastructure between the mountain front and Foothill Boulevard. In addition, debris flows may be deposited in neighborhoods immediately below unprotected basins. Hazards to neighborhoods and structures at risk from these events will require appropriate debris-flow mitigation and warning efforts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091227","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Gartner, J.E., Rupert, M.G., Michael, J.A., Staley, D.M., and Worstell, B.B., 2009, Emergency Assessment of Postfire Debris-Flow Hazards for the 2009 Station Fire, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1227, iv, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091227.","productDescription":"iv, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-08-01","temporalEnd":"2009-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118566,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1227.jpg"},{"id":13079,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1227/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.41666666666667,34.166666666666664 ], [ -118.41666666666667,34.5 ], [ -117.83333333333333,34.5 ], [ -117.83333333333333,34.166666666666664 ], [ -118.41666666666667,34.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a19e4b07f02db60584e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303548,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gartner, Joseph E. jegartner@usgs.gov","contributorId":1876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gartner","given":"Joseph","email":"jegartner@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Michael, John A. jmichael@usgs.gov","contributorId":1877,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Michael","given":"John","email":"jmichael@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Worstell, Bruce B. 0000-0001-8927-3336 worstell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8927-3336","contributorId":1815,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Worstell","given":"Bruce","email":"worstell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97912,"text":"ofr20091220 - 2009 - Preliminary vitrinite and bitumen reflectance, total organic carbon, and pyrolysis data for samples from Upper and Lower Cretaceous strata, Maverick Basin, south Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"ofr20091220","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1220","title":"Preliminary vitrinite and bitumen reflectance, total organic carbon, and pyrolysis data for samples from Upper and Lower Cretaceous strata, Maverick Basin, south Texas","docAbstract":"The Lower Cretaceous Pearsall Formation, a regionally occurring limestone and shale interval of 500-600-ft maximum thickness (Rose, 1986), is being evaluated as part of an ongoing U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in onshore Lower Cretaceous strata of the northern Gulf of Mexico.\r\n\r\nThe purpose of this report is to release preliminary vitrinite and bitumen reflectance, total organic carbon, and pyrolysis data for Pearsall Formation, Glen Rose Formation, Hosston Formation, Austin Group, and Eagle Ford Group samples from the Maverick Basin in south Texas in order to aid in the characterization of these strata in this area. The preliminary nature of this report and the data contained herein reflect that the assessment and characterization of these samples is a work currently in progress.\r\n\r\nPearsall Formation subdivisions are, in ascending stratigraphic order, the Pine Island Shale, James Limestone, and Bexar Shale Members (Loucks, 2002). The Lower Cretaceous Glen Rose Formation is also part of the USGS Lower Cretaceous assessment and produces oil in the Maverick Basin (Loucks and Kerans, 2003). The Hosston Formation was assessed by the USGS for undiscovered oil and gas resources in 2006 (Dyman and Condon, 2006), but not in south Texas.\r\n\r\nThe Upper Cretaceous Austin Group is being assessed as part of the USGS assessment of undiscovered hydrocarbon resources in the Upper Cretaceous strata of the northern Gulf of Mexico and, along with the Upper Cretaceous Eagle Ford Group, is considered to be an important source rock in the Smackover-Austin-Eagleford Total Petroleum System (Condon and Dyman, 2006). Both the Austin Group and the Eagle Ford Group are present in the Maverick Basin in south Texas (Rose, 1986).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091220","usgsCitation":"Hackley, P.C., Dennen, K., Gesserman, R.M., and Ridgley, J.L., 2009, Preliminary vitrinite and bitumen reflectance, total organic carbon, and pyrolysis data for samples from Upper and Lower Cretaceous strata, Maverick Basin, south Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1220, Report: iii, 3 p.; Table (xls), https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091220.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 3 p.; Table (xls)","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118560,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1220.jpg"},{"id":13085,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1220/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aaae4b07f02db6695cc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hackley, Paul C. 0000-0002-5957-2551 phackley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5957-2551","contributorId":592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hackley","given":"Paul","email":"phackley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":241,"text":"Eastern Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303568,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dennen, Kristin O.","contributorId":61437,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dennen","given":"Kristin O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303571,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gesserman, Rachel M.","contributorId":34229,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesserman","given":"Rachel","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303570,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ridgley, Jennie L. ridgley@usgs.gov","contributorId":1248,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ridgley","given":"Jennie","email":"ridgley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303569,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70041609,"text":"70041609 - 2009 - Detection and characterization of benthic filamentous algal stands (<i>Cladophora</i> sp.) on rocky substrata using a high-frequency echosounder","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-25T18:12:31.139221","indexId":"70041609","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2620,"text":"Limnology and Oceanography","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Detection and characterization of benthic filamentous algal stands (<i>Cladophora</i> sp.) on rocky substrata using a high-frequency echosounder","docAbstract":"A high-frequency echosounder was used to detect and characterize percent cover and stand height of the benthic filamentous green alga Cladophora sp. on rocky substratum of the Laurentian Great Lakes. Comparisons between in situ observations and estimates of the algal stand characteristics (percent cover, stand height) derived from the acoustic data show good agreement for algal stands that exceeded the height threshold for detection by acoustics (~7.5 cm). Backscatter intensity and volume scattering strength were unable to provide any predictive power for estimating algal biomass. A comparative analysis between the only current commercial software (EcoSAV™) and an alternate method using a graphical user interface (GUI) written in MATLAB® confirmed previous findings that EcoSAV functions poorly in conditions where the substrate is uneven and bottom depth changes rapidly. The GUI method uses a signal processing algorithm similar to that of EcoSAV but bases bottom depth classification and algal stand height classification on adjustable thresholds that can be visualized by a trained analyst. This study documents the successful characterization of nuisance quantities of filamentous algae on hard substrate using an acoustic system and demonstrates the potential to significantly increase the efficiency of collecting information on the distribution of nuisance macroalgae. This study also highlights the need for further development of more flexible classification algorithms that can be used in a variety of aquatic ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"Association for the Sciences of Limnology and Oceanography","publisherLocation":"Waco, TX","doi":"10.4319/lom.2009.7.693","usgsCitation":"Depew, D.C., Stevens, A., Smith, R.E., and Hecky, R.E., 2009, Detection and characterization of benthic filamentous algal stands (<i>Cladophora</i> sp.) on rocky substrata using a high-frequency echosounder: Limnology and Oceanography, v. 7, p. 693-705, https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.693.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"693","endPage":"705","ipdsId":"IP-014197","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476056,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lom.2009.7.693","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":263933,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Canada, United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Lakes","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.11,41.3971 ], [ -92.11,48.88 ], [ -76.0002,48.88 ], [ -76.0002,41.3971 ], [ -92.11,41.3971 ] ] ] } } ] }","volume":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-10-08","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50c86413e4b03bc63bd679e4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Depew, David C.","contributorId":79772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Depew","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stevens, Andrew W.","contributorId":89093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Andrew W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Smith, Ralph E.H.","contributorId":107586,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Ralph","email":"","middleInitial":"E.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hecky, Robert E.","contributorId":88628,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hecky","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":469981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70047118,"text":"70047118 - 2009 - Introduction to the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-11-20T11:01:40","indexId":"70047118","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1963,"text":"Icarus","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Introduction to the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE)","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Icarus","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.003","usgsCitation":"McEwen, A.S., Herkenhoff, K.E., and Keszthelyi, L., 2009, Introduction to the High Resolution Imaging Science Experiment (HiRISE): Icarus, v. 205, no. 1, p. 1-1, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.icarus.2009.10.003.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"1","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017047","costCenters":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":278712,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"otherGeospatial":"Mars","volume":"205","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"527a218be4b051792d01955c","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569815,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo","contributorId":107593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569816,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2}],"authors":[{"text":"McEwen, Alfred S.","contributorId":61657,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McEwen","given":"Alfred","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":7042,"text":"University of Arizona","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":481108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Herkenhoff, Kenneth E. 0000-0002-3153-6663 kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3153-6663","contributorId":2275,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkenhoff","given":"Kenneth","email":"kherkenhoff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Keszthelyi, Laszlo P. 0000-0003-1879-4331 laz@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1879-4331","contributorId":52802,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keszthelyi","given":"Laszlo P.","email":"laz@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":131,"text":"Astrogeology Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97911,"text":"ofr20091221 - 2009 - Paper birch decline in the Niobrara River Valley, Nebraska: Weather, microclimate, and birch stand conditions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-23T13:19:51","indexId":"ofr20091221","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-08T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1221","title":"Paper birch decline in the Niobrara River Valley, Nebraska: Weather, microclimate, and birch stand conditions","docAbstract":"<p><span>The Niobrara River Valley in north-central Nebraska supports scattered stands of paper birch (Betula papyrifera Marsh), a species more typical of boreal forests. These birch stands are considered to be relictual populations that have persisted since the end of the Wisconsin glaciation, when regional flora was more boreal in nature (Wright 1970, Kaul and others, 1988). Dieback of canopy-sized birch has been observed throughout the Niobrara Valley in recent years, although no onset dates are documented. The current dieback event probably started around or after the early 1980’s. The study objectives were to understand microclimatic conditions in birch stands relative to nearby weather stations and historic weather conditions, and to assess current health conditions of individual birch trees. Temperature was measured every half-hour from June 2005 through October 2007 in 12 birch stands and individual birch tree health was measured as expressed by percent living canopy in these and 13 additional stands in spring 2006 and 2007. Birch site microclimate was compared to data from a National Weather Service station in Valentine, Nebraska, and to an automated weather station at The Nature Conservancy Niobrara Valley Preserve 24 kilometers north of Johnstown, Nebraska. Historic weather data from the Valentine station and another National Weather Service Station at Ainsworth, Nebraska, were used to reconstruct minimum and maximum temperature at The Nature Conservancy and one microclimate monitoring station using Kalman filtering and smoothing algorithms. Birch stand microclimate differed from local weather stations as well as among stands. Birch health was associated with annual minimum temperature regimes; those stands whose annual daily minimum temperature regimes were most like The Nature Conservancy station contained smaller proportions of living trees. Frequency of freeze/thaw conditions capable of inducing rootlet injury and subsequent crown dieback significantly have increased in the second one-half of the period of record (1978–2007) as compared to the first one-half (1948–1977). River location was associated with birch health; upper river sites had significantly healthier trees than north bank sites. Localized microclimates in the birch stands have likely facilitated the persistence of the birch populations in a region otherwise unsuitable for the species. These microclimate differences may reduce frequency of thaw/freeze conditions that can induce root injury and potential crown dieback. A large population decline in the context of increased frequency of potentially injurious climatic events would make population recovery much more difficult now than from 1948 to 1977, when thaw/freeze conditions were less frequent. These conditions, combined with little evidence of recruitment of young birch and great geographic distances from potential immigrant sources, make the future persistence of birch in the Niobrara River Valley stands uncertain.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091221","usgsCitation":"Stroh, E.D., and Miller, J.P., 2009, Paper birch decline in the Niobrara River Valley, Nebraska: Weather, microclimate, and birch stand conditions: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1221, vi, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091221.","productDescription":"vi, 20 p.","temporalStart":"2005-06-01","temporalEnd":"2007-10-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125505,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1221.jpg"},{"id":341589,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1221/pdf/OF2009-1221.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":13084,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1221/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -100.58333333333333,42.75 ], [ -100.58333333333333,43 ], [ -100.25,43 ], [ -100.25,42.75 ], [ -100.58333333333333,42.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ae3e4b07f02db68937c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stroh, Esther D. 0000-0003-4291-4647 estroh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4291-4647","contributorId":2813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stroh","given":"Esther","email":"estroh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303566,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Miller, Joel P.","contributorId":72091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Joel","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303567,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70158979,"text":"70158979 - 2009 - Quantifying the undiscovered geothermal resources of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-10-09T14:57:24","indexId":"70158979","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-07T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Quantifying the undiscovered geothermal resources of the United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>In 2008, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) released summary results of an assessment of the electric power production potential from the moderate- and high-temperature geothermal resources of the United States (Williams et al., 2008a; USGS Fact Sheet 2008-3082; http://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2008/3082). In the assessment, the estimated mean power production potential from undiscovered geothermal resources is 30,033 Megawatts-electric (MWe), more than three times the estimated mean potential from identified geothermal systems: 9057 MWe. The presence of significant undiscovered geothermal resources has major implications for future exploration and development activities by both the government and private industry. Previous reports summarize the results of techniques applied by the USGS and others to map the spatial distribution of undiscovered resources. This paper describes the approach applied in developing estimates of the magnitude of the undiscovered geothermal resource, as well as the manner in which that resource is likely to be distributed among geothermal systems of varying volume and temperature. A number of key issues constrain the overall estimate. One is the degree to which characteristics of the undiscovered resources correspond to those observed among identified geothermal systems. Another is the evaluation of exploration history, including both the spatial distribution of geothermal exploration activities relative to the postulated spatial distribution of undiscovered resources and the probability of successful discoveries from the application of standard geothermal exploration techniques. Also significant are the physical, chemical, and geological constraints on the formation and longevity of geothermal systems. Important observations from this study include the following. (1) Some of the largest identified geothermal systems, such as The Geysers vapor-dominated system in northern California and the diverse geothermal manifestations found in Yellowstone National Park, are unique in North America and highly unlikely to have counterparts with equivalent characteristics among the systems comprising the undiscovered resources. (2) Historical geothermal exploration has been limited in both the effectiveness of techniques employed and spatial coverage, since most exploration has targeted areas associated with surface thermal manifestations in the most easily accessible lands. (3) As noted by other investigators, in general, the hottest and largest geothermal systems are those with heat sources arising from recent magmatic activity. Consequently, a larger fraction of the undiscovered resource is associated with those areas favorable to the formation of this type of geothermal system, including some relatively remote areas, such as the Aleutian volcanic arc in Alaska.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council Transactions","conferenceTitle":"Geothermal Resources Council 2009 Annual Meeting","conferenceDate":"October 4-7, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Reno, Nevada","language":"English","publisher":"GRC Transactions","usgsCitation":"Williams, C.F., Reed, M.J., DeAngelo, J., and Galanis, S., 2009, Quantifying the undiscovered geothermal resources of the United States, <i>in</i> Geothermal Resources Council Transactions, v. 33, Reno, Nevada, October 4-7, 2009, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":309805,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.9619140625,\n              44.62175409623324\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.89599609375,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.599609375,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.005859375,\n              42.553080288955826\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.33544921874999,\n              42.374778361114195\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.33544921874999,\n              41.95131994679697\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.81884765624999,\n              42.01665183556825\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.7529296875,\n              39.16414104768742\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.466796875,\n              37.56199695314352\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.82958984375,\n              35.90684930677121\n            ],\n            [\n              -115.86181640625001,\n              35.137879119634185\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.26806640625,\n              35.15584570226544\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.15771484375,\n              38.548165423046584\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.99267578124999,\n              38.95940879245423\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.03662109374999,\n              39.9434364619742\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.39892578125,\n              41.409775832009565\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.640625,\n              42.633958722673164\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.92626953124999,\n              45.120052841530516\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.6845703125,\n              45.69083283645816\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10253906249999,\n              45.78284835197676\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.47656249999999,\n              44.134913443750726\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.46582031249999,\n              44.2294565683017\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22412109375,\n              44.96479793033104\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.24755859375,\n              44.98034238084973\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.74218749999999,\n              44.99588261816546\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.763671875,\n              44.449467536006935\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"33","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5618e533e4b0cdb063e3fee7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, Colin F. 0000-0003-2196-5496 colin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2196-5496","contributorId":274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Colin","email":"colin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577122,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reed, Marshall J.","contributorId":9259,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Marshall","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577123,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"DeAngelo, Jacob jdeangelo@usgs.gov","contributorId":2376,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeAngelo","given":"Jacob","email":"jdeangelo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":577124,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Galanis, S. Peter Jr.","contributorId":149161,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Galanis","given":"S. Peter","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":577125,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97904,"text":"sir20095068 - 2009 - Characteristics of the April 2007 Flood at 10 Streamflow-Gaging Stations in Massachusetts","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5068","title":"Characteristics of the April 2007 Flood at 10 Streamflow-Gaging Stations in Massachusetts","docAbstract":"A large 'nor'easter' storm on April 15-18, 2007, brought heavy rains to the southern New England region that, coupled with normal seasonal high flows and associated wet soil-moisture conditions, caused extensive flooding in many parts of Massachusetts and neighboring states. To characterize the magnitude of the April 2007 flood, a peak-flow frequency analysis was undertaken at 10 selected streamflow-gaging stations in Massachusetts to determine the magnitude of flood flows at 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year return intervals. The magnitude of flood flows at various return intervals were determined from the logarithms of the annual peaks fit to a Pearson Type III probability distribution. Analysis included augmenting the station record with longer-term records from one or more nearby stations to provide a common period of comparison that includes notable floods in 1936, 1938, and 1955.\r\n\r\nThe April 2007 peak flow was among the highest recorded or estimated since 1936, often ranking between the 3d and 5th highest peak for that period. In general, the peak-flow frequency analysis indicates the April 2007 peak flow has an estimated return interval between 25 and 50 years; at stations in the northeastern and central areas of the state, the storm was less severe resulting in flows with return intervals of about 5 and 10 years, respectively. At Merrimack River at Lowell, the April 2007 peak flow approached a 100-year return interval that was computed from post-flood control records and the 1936 and 1938 peak flows adjusted for flood control.\r\n\r\nIn general, the magnitude of flood flow for a given return interval computed from the streamflow-gaging station period-of-record was greater than those used to calculate flood profiles in various community flood-insurance studies. In addition, the magnitude of the updated flood flow and current (2008) stage-discharge relation at a given streamflow-gaging station often produced a flood stage that was considerably different than the flood stage indicated in the flood-insurance study flood profile at that station.\r\n\r\nEquations for estimating the flow magnitudes for 5-, 10-, 25-, 50-, 100-, 200-, and 500-year floods were developed from the relation of the magnitude of flood flows to drainage area calculated from the six streamflow-gaging stations with the longest unaltered record. These equations produced a more conservative estimate of flood flows (higher discharges) than the existing regional equations for estimating flood flows at ungaged rivers in Massachusetts. Large differences in the magnitude of flood flows for various return intervals determined in this study compared to results from existing regional equations and flood insurance studies indicate a need for updating regional analyses and equations for estimating the expected magnitude of flood flows in Massachusetts.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095068","isbn":"9781411325005","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Homeland Security Federal Emergency Management Agency","usgsCitation":"Zarriello, P.J., and Carlson, C.S., 2009, Characteristics of the April 2007 Flood at 10 Streamflow-Gaging Stations in Massachusetts: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5068, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095068.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","temporalStart":"2007-04-15","temporalEnd":"2007-04-18","costCenters":[{"id":377,"text":"Massachusetts-Rhode Island Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126867,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5068.jpg"},{"id":13077,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -73.75,41.25 ], [ -73.75,43.5 ], [ -69.75,43.5 ], [ -69.75,41.25 ], [ -73.75,41.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4eae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zarriello, Phillip J. 0000-0001-9598-9904 pzarriel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9598-9904","contributorId":1868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zarriello","given":"Phillip","email":"pzarriel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303544,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carlson, Carl S. 0000-0001-7142-3519 cscarlso@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7142-3519","contributorId":1694,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carlson","given":"Carl","email":"cscarlso@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":376,"text":"Massachusetts Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303543,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97902,"text":"ofr20091202 - 2009 - Giant Constrictors: Biological and Management Profiles and an Establishment Risk Assessment for Nine Large Species of Pythons, Anacondas, and the Boa Constrictor","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20091202","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1202","title":"Giant Constrictors: Biological and Management Profiles and an Establishment Risk Assessment for Nine Large Species of Pythons, Anacondas, and the Boa Constrictor","docAbstract":"Giant Constrictors: Biological and Management Profiles and an Establishment Risk Assessment for Nine Large Species of Pythons, Anacondas, and the Boa Constrictor, estimates the ecological risks associated with colonization of the United States by nine large constrictors. The nine include the world's four largest snake species (Green Anaconda, Eunectes murinus; Indian or Burmese Python, Python molurus; Northern African Python, Python sebae; and Reticulated Python, Broghammerus reticulatus), the Boa Constrictor (Boa constrictor), and four species that are ecologically or visually similar to one of the above (Southern African Python, Python natalensis; Yellow Anaconda, Eunectes notaeus; DeSchauensee's Anaconda, Eunectes deschauenseei; and Beni Anaconda, Eunectes beniensis). At present, the only probable pathway by which these species would become established in the United States is the pet trade. Although importation for the pet trade involves some risk that these animals could become established as exotic or invasive species, it does not guarantee such establishment. Federal regulators have the task of appraising the importation risks and balancing those risks against economic, social, and ecological benefits associated with the importation. The risk assessment quantifies only the ecological risks, recognizing that ecosystem processes are complex and only poorly understood. The risk assessment enumerates the types of economic impacts that may be experienced, but leaves quantification of economic costs to subsequent studies. Primary factors considered in judging the risk of establishment were: (1) history of establishment in other countries, (2) number of each species in commerce, (3) suitability of U.S. climates for each species, and (4) natural history traits, such as reproductive rate and dispersal ability, that influence the probability of establishment, spread, and impact. In addition, the risk assessment reviews all management tools for control of invasive giant constrictor populations. There is great uncertainty about many aspects of the risk assessment; the level of uncertainty is estimated separately for each risk component. Overall risk was judged to be high for five of the giant constrictors studied, and medium for the other four species. Because all nine species shared a large number of natural history traits that promote invasiveness or impede population control, none of the species was judged to be of low risk.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091202","usgsCitation":"Reed, R., and Rodda, G.H., 2009, Giant Constrictors: Biological and Management Profiles and an Establishment Risk Assessment for Nine Large Species of Pythons, Anacondas, and the Boa Constrictor: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1202, Report: xviii, 302 p.; Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091202.","productDescription":"Report: xviii, 302 p.; Available online and on CD-ROM","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118543,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1202.jpg"},{"id":13094,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1202/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acfe4b07f02db680334","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, Robert N.","contributorId":10115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"Robert N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303537,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rodda, Gordon H. roddag@usgs.gov","contributorId":3196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rodda","given":"Gordon","email":"roddag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303536,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97905,"text":"sir20095114 - 2009 - Causes and Movement of Landslides at Rainbow Creek and Rattlesnake Gulf in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20095114","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5114","title":"Causes and Movement of Landslides at Rainbow Creek and Rattlesnake Gulf in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095114","isbn":"9781411326019","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Onondaga Lake Partnership and Onondaga Environmental Institute","usgsCitation":"Tamulonis, K., Kappel, W., and Shaw, S., 2009, Causes and Movement of Landslides at Rainbow Creek and Rattlesnake Gulf in the Tully Valley, Onondaga County, New York: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5114, vi, 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095114.","productDescription":"vi, 19 p.","temporalStart":"2006-06-01","temporalEnd":"2008-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125599,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5114.jpg"},{"id":13078,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.10083333333333,42.916666666666664 ], [ -76.10083333333333,42.8 ], [ -76.18333333333334,42.8 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad8e4b07f02db684932","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tamulonis, Kathryn","contributorId":103763,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tamulonis","given":"Kathryn","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303547,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kappel, William","contributorId":79980,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kappel","given":"William","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303546,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Shaw, Stephen","contributorId":68002,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shaw","given":"Stephen","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303545,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97901,"text":"ofr20091222 - 2009 - The National Map Customer Requirements: Findings from Interviews and Surveys","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"ofr20091222","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1222","title":"The National Map Customer Requirements: Findings from Interviews and Surveys","docAbstract":"The purpose of this study was to receive customer feedback and to understand data and information requirements for The National Map. This report provides results and findings from interviews and surveys and will guide policy and operations decisions about data and information requirements leading to the development of a 5-year strategic plan for the National Geospatial Program. These findings are based on feedback from approximately 2,200 customers between February and August 2008. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) conducted more than 160 interviews with 200 individuals. The American Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ASPRS) and the International Map Trade Association (IMTA) surveyed their memberships and received feedback from over 400 members. The Environmental Systems Research Institute (ESRI) received feedback from over 1,600 of its U.S.-based software users through an online survey sent to customers attending the ESRI International User Conference in the summer of 2008. The results of these surveys were shared with the USGS and have been included in this report.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091222","usgsCitation":"Sugarbaker, L., Coray, K.E., and Poore, B., 2009, The National Map Customer Requirements: Findings from Interviews and Surveys: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1222, Report: viii, 34 p.; Appendixes: 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091222.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 34 p.; Appendixes: 45 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-02-01","temporalEnd":"2008-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125506,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1222.jpg"},{"id":13075,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1222/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b029","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sugarbaker, Larry","contributorId":14918,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sugarbaker","given":"Larry","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303533,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Coray, Kevin E.","contributorId":98416,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coray","given":"Kevin","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303535,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Poore, Barbara","contributorId":49039,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poore","given":"Barbara","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303534,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97903,"text":"sir20095144 - 2009 - Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-14T13:10:15","indexId":"sir20095144","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5144","title":"Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State","docAbstract":"<p>Equations that relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and channel characteristics (such as width, depth, and cross-sectional area) at gaged sites are needed to help define bankfull discharge and channel characteristics at ungaged sites and can be used in stream-restoration and protection projects, stream-channel classification, and channel assessments. These equations are intended to serve as a guide for streams in areas of similar hydrologic, climatic, and physiographic conditions. New York State contains eight hydrologic regions that were previously delineated on the basis of high-flow (flood) characteristics. This report seeks to increase understanding of the factors affecting bankfull discharge and channel characteristics to drainage-area size relations in New York State by providing an in-depth analysis of seven previously published regional bankfull-discharge and channel-characteristics curves.</p><p>Stream-survey data and discharge records from 281 cross sections at 82 streamflow-gaging stations were used in regression analyses to relate drainage area to bankfull discharge and bankfull-channel width, depth, and cross-sectional area. The R<sup>2</sup> and standard errors of estimate of each regional equation were compared to the R<sup>2</sup> and standard errors of estimate for the statewide (pooled) model to determine if regionalizing data reduced model variability. It was found that regional models typically yield less variable results than those obtained using pooled statewide equations, which indicates statistically significant regional differences in bankfull-discharge and channel-characteristics relations.</p><p>Statistical analysis of bankfull-discharge relations found that curves for regions 4 and 7 fell outside the 95-percent confidence interval bands of the statewide model and had intercepts that were significantly diferent (p≤0.10) from the other five hydrologic regions.Analysis of channel-characteristics relations found that the bankfull width, depth, and cross-sectional area curves for region 3 were significantly different p(≤0.05) from the other six regions.</p><p>It was hypothesized that some regional variability could be reduced by creating models for streams with similar physiographic and climatic characteristics. Available data on streamflow patterns and previous regional-curve research suggested that mean annual runoff, Rosgen stream type, and water-surface slope were the variables most likely to influence regional bankfull discharge and channel characteristics to drainage-area size relations. Results showed that although all of these factors had an influence on regional relations, most stratified models have lower 2 values and higher standard errors of estimate than the regional models.</p><p>The New York statewide (pooled) bankfull-discharge equation and equations for regions 4 and 7 were compared with equations for four other regions in the Northeast to evaluate region-to-region differences, and assess the ability of individual curves to produce results more accurate than those that would be obtained from one model of the northeastern United States. Results indicated that model slopes lack significant diferences, though intercepts are significantly different. Comparison of bankfull-discharge estimates using different models shows that results could vary by as much as 100 percent depending on which model was used and indicated that regionalization improved model accuracy.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095144","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation, New York Department of State, New York State Department of Transportation, and New York City Department of Environmental Protection","usgsCitation":"Mulvihill, C., Baldigo, B.P., Miller, S.J., DeKoskie, D., and DuBois, J., 2009, Bankfull discharge and channel characteristics of streams in New York State: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5144, vi, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095144.","productDescription":"vi, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":339652,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20075227","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5227","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 3 East of the Hudson River"},{"id":339650,"rank":5,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20065075","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2006-5075","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 7 in Western New York"},{"id":339654,"rank":3,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20045247","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2004-5247 ","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 5 in Central New York"},{"id":339653,"rank":7,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20075189","text":"Scientific Investigations Report 2007-5189","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Regions 1 and 2 in the Adirondack Region of Northern New York"},{"id":339651,"rank":4,"type":{"id":22,"text":"Related Work"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/publication/sir20055100","text":" Scientific Investigations Report 2005-5100 ","linkHelpText":"- Regionalized Equations for Bankfull-Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State—Hydrologic Region 6 in the Southern Tier of New York"},{"id":13076,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5144/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125610,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5144.jpg"},{"id":339726,"rank":8,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5144/pdf/sir2009-5144_mulvihil_bankfull_2revised508.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"MultiPolygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[[-74.04086,40.700117],[-74.037998,40.698995],[-74.044451,40.688445],[-74.046359,40.689175],[-74.04086,40.700117]]],[[[-74.144428,40.53516],[-74.177986,40.519603],[-74.182157,40.520634],[-74.199923,40.511729],[-74.210474,40.509448],[-74.219787,40.502603],[-74.23324,40.501299],[-74.246688,40.496103],[-74.250188,40.496703],[-74.254588,40.502303],[-74.256088,40.507903],[-74.252702,40.513895],[-74.242888,40.520903],[-74.241732,40.531273],[-74.247808,40.543396],[-74.229002,40.555041],[-74.216997,40.554991],[-74.210887,40.560902],[-74.204054,40.589336],[-74.19682,40.597037],[-74.195407,40.601806],[-74.196096,40.616169],[-74.200994,40.616906],[-74.201812,40.619507],[-74.20058,40.631448],[-74.1894,40.642121],[-74.180191,40.645521],[-74.174085,40.645109],[-74.170187,40.642201],[-74.152973,40.638886],[-74.120186,40.642201],[-74.086485,40.648601],[-74.075884,40.648101],[-74.0697,40.641216],[-74.067598,40.623865],[-74.053125,40.603678],[-74.059184,40.593502],[-74.111471,40.546908],[-74.121672,40.542691],[-74.137241,40.530076],[-74.144428,40.53516]]],[[[-72.132225,41.104387],[-72.128352,41.108131],[-72.126704,41.115139],[-72.084207,41.101524],[-72.081167,41.09394],[-72.086975,41.058292],[-72.0972,41.054884],[-72.097136,41.075844],[-72.1064,41.088883],[-72.12056,41.093171],[-72.139233,41.092451],[-72.141921,41.094371],[-72.142929,41.097811],[-72.140737,41.100835],[-72.132225,41.104387]]],[[[-71.943563,41.286675],[-71.926802,41.290122],[-71.935259,41.280579],[-71.978926,41.265002],[-72.002461,41.252867],[-72.036846,41.249794],[-72.029438,41.26309],[-72.018926,41.274114],[-72.006872,41.27348],[-71.991117,41.281331],[-71.980061,41.280291],[-71.943563,41.286675]]],[[[-73.767176,40.886299],[-73.766276,40.881099],[-73.770876,40.879299],[-73.775276,40.882199],[-73.770576,40.888399],[-73.767176,40.886299]]],[[[-73.773361,40.859449],[-73.770552,40.86033],[-73.766333,40.857317],[-73.766032,40.844961],[-73.769648,40.84466],[-73.773038,40.848125],[-73.773361,40.859449]]],[[[-74.027392,44.995765],[-73.874597,45.001223],[-73.639718,45.003464],[-73.343124,45.01084],[-73.354633,44.987352],[-73.350218,44.976222],[-73.338734,44.965886],[-73.338979,44.917681],[-73.353657,44.907346],[-73.35808,44.901325],[-73.369103,44.86668],[-73.379822,44.857037],[-73.381359,44.845021],[-73.379452,44.83801],[-73.375345,44.836307],[-73.369647,44.829136],[-73.354945,44.8215],[-73.335443,44.804602],[-73.333154,44.788759],[-73.335713,44.782086],[-73.347072,44.772988],[-73.354361,44.755296],[-73.365561,44.741786],[-73.36556,44.700297],[-73.361323,44.695369],[-73.365297,44.687546],[-73.370142,44.684853],[-73.367209,44.678513],[-73.371089,44.67753],[-73.37272,44.668739],[-73.369669,44.663478],[-73.379074,44.656772],[-73.378014,44.653846],[-73.383157,44.645764],[-73.378561,44.641475],[-73.386783,44.636369],[-73.386497,44.626924],[-73.390231,44.618353],[-73.382932,44.612184],[-73.376849,44.599598],[-73.376806,44.595455],[-73.381848,44.589316],[-73.375666,44.582038],[-73.374389,44.575455],[-73.356788,44.557918],[-73.338751,44.548046],[-73.3393,44.544477],[-73.331595,44.535924],[-73.329458,44.529203],[-73.322026,44.525289],[-73.320836,44.513631],[-73.306707,44.500334],[-73.304418,44.485739],[-73.298939,44.471304],[-73.300114,44.454711],[-73.293613,44.440559],[-73.296031,44.428339],[-73.310491,44.402601],[-73.315016,44.388513],[-73.333575,44.372288],[-73.334939,44.364441],[-73.334637,44.356877],[-73.323997,44.333842],[-73.324229,44.310023],[-73.312299,44.280025],[-73.311025,44.27424],[-73.312852,44.265346],[-73.323596,44.243897],[-73.329322,44.244504],[-73.34323,44.238049],[-73.342312,44.234531],[-73.349889,44.230356],[-73.362013,44.208545],[-73.382252,44.197178],[-73.383987,44.193158],[-73.390583,44.190886],[-73.389658,44.181249],[-73.396892,44.173846],[-73.395399,44.166903],[-73.398728,44.162248],[-73.402381,44.145856],[-73.415761,44.132826],[-73.411316,44.112686],[-73.416319,44.099422],[-73.429239,44.079414],[-73.43774,44.045006],[-73.42312,44.032759],[-73.410776,44.026944],[-73.407739,44.021312],[-73.405977,44.011485],[-73.412613,43.97998],[-73.406823,43.967317],[-73.405525,43.948813],[-73.408589,43.932933],[-73.395878,43.903044],[-73.383491,43.890951],[-73.374051,43.875563],[-73.382046,43.855008],[-73.372462,43.846266],[-73.373688,43.84261],[-73.388389,43.832404],[-73.392492,43.820779],[-73.380804,43.810951],[-73.376361,43.798766],[-73.357547,43.785933],[-73.354758,43.776721],[-73.350593,43.771939],[-73.369725,43.744274],[-73.370612,43.725329],[-73.385883,43.711336],[-73.395517,43.696831],[-73.404739,43.690213],[-73.404126,43.681339],[-73.415513,43.65245],[-73.426463,43.642598],[-73.42791,43.634428],[-73.417668,43.621687],[-73.423708,43.612356],[-73.421616,43.603023],[-73.431229,43.588285],[-73.428636,43.583994],[-73.420378,43.581489],[-73.405629,43.571179],[-73.395767,43.568087],[-73.383369,43.57677],[-73.383446,43.596778],[-73.372469,43.604848],[-73.376036,43.612596],[-73.369933,43.619093],[-73.371889,43.624489],[-73.347621,43.622509],[-73.342181,43.62607],[-73.323893,43.627629],[-73.310606,43.624114],[-73.306234,43.628018],[-73.302076,43.624364],[-73.300285,43.610806],[-73.292232,43.60255],[-73.292801,43.593861],[-73.296924,43.587323],[-73.292364,43.585104],[-73.294621,43.57897],[-73.284912,43.579272],[-73.279726,43.574241],[-73.26938,43.571973],[-73.258631,43.564949],[-73.248641,43.553857],[-73.250132,43.543429],[-73.246585,43.541855],[-73.24139,43.532345],[-73.247698,43.523173],[-73.256493,43.259249],[-73.26978,43.035923],[-73.278673,42.83341],[-73.285388,42.834093],[-73.287063,42.82014],[-73.28375,42.813864],[-73.290944,42.80192],[-73.276421,42.746019],[-73.264957,42.74594],[-73.508142,42.086257],[-73.496879,42.049675],[-73.487314,42.049638],[-73.489615,42.000092],[-73.521041,41.619773],[-73.550961,41.295422],[-73.482709,41.21276],[-73.727775,41.100696],[-73.654671,41.011697],[-73.659372,40.999497],[-73.659671,40.987909],[-73.655972,40.979597],[-73.662072,40.966198],[-73.664472,40.967198],[-73.678073,40.962798],[-73.686473,40.945198],[-73.721739,40.932037],[-73.756776,40.912599],[-73.781338,40.885447],[-73.784803,40.878528],[-73.788786,40.858485],[-73.78806,40.854131],[-73.782174,40.847358],[-73.781206,40.838891],[-73.783867,40.836795],[-73.785399,40.838004],[-73.791044,40.846552],[-73.789512,40.85139],[-73.793785,40.855583],[-73.799543,40.848027],[-73.806914,40.849501],[-73.81281,40.846737],[-73.815205,40.831075],[-73.804518,40.818546],[-73.797332,40.815597],[-73.781369,40.794907],[-73.776032,40.795275],[-73.768431,40.800704],[-73.754032,40.820941],[-73.7544,40.826837],[-73.728275,40.8529],[-73.726675,40.8568],[-73.729575,40.8665],[-73.713674,40.870099],[-73.675573,40.856999],[-73.655872,40.863899],[-73.654372,40.878199],[-73.633771,40.898198],[-73.617571,40.897898],[-73.569969,40.915398],[-73.566169,40.915798],[-73.548068,40.908698],[-73.519267,40.914298],[-73.514999,40.912821],[-73.499941,40.918166],[-73.491765,40.942097],[-73.485365,40.946397],[-73.463708,40.937697],[-73.437509,40.934985],[-73.429863,40.929797],[-73.428836,40.921506],[-73.406074,40.920235],[-73.402963,40.925097],[-73.403462,40.942197],[-73.400862,40.953997],[-73.392862,40.955297],[-73.374462,40.937597],[-73.365961,40.931697],[-73.352761,40.926697],[-73.345561,40.925297],[-73.344161,40.927297],[-73.33136,40.929597],[-73.295061,40.924497],[-73.229285,40.905121],[-73.148994,40.928898],[-73.146242,40.935074],[-73.144673,40.955842],[-73.140785,40.966178],[-73.110368,40.971938],[-73.081582,40.973058],[-73.043701,40.962185],[-73.040445,40.964498],[-72.995931,40.966498],[-72.88825,40.962962],[-72.826057,40.969794],[-72.774104,40.965314],[-72.760031,40.975334],[-72.714425,40.985596],[-72.689341,40.989776],[-72.665018,40.987496],[-72.585327,40.997587],[-72.565406,41.009508],[-72.560974,41.015444],[-72.549853,41.019844],[-72.521548,41.037652],[-72.477306,41.052212],[-72.460778,41.067012],[-72.445242,41.086116],[-72.417945,41.087955],[-72.397,41.096307],[-72.356087,41.133635],[-72.322381,41.140664],[-72.291109,41.155874],[-72.278789,41.158722],[-72.2681,41.154146],[-72.245348,41.161217],[-72.238211,41.15949],[-72.237731,41.156434],[-72.253572,41.137138],[-72.265124,41.128482],[-72.300374,41.112274],[-72.300044,41.132059],[-72.306381,41.13784],[-72.318146,41.137134],[-72.32663,41.132162],[-72.335271,41.120274],[-72.335177,41.106917],[-72.317238,41.088659],[-72.297718,41.081042],[-72.280373,41.080402],[-72.276709,41.076722],[-72.283093,41.067874],[-72.273657,41.051533],[-72.260515,41.042065],[-72.229364,41.044355],[-72.201859,41.032275],[-72.190563,41.032579],[-72.183266,41.035619],[-72.174882,41.046147],[-72.162898,41.053187],[-72.153857,41.051859],[-72.137297,41.039684],[-72.135137,41.031284],[-72.137409,41.023908],[-72.116368,40.999796],[-72.10216,40.991509],[-72.095456,40.991349],[-72.083039,40.996453],[-72.076175,41.009093],[-72.061448,41.009442],[-72.057934,41.004789],[-72.051585,41.006437],[-72.049526,41.009697],[-72.051928,41.020506],[-72.047468,41.022565],[-72.035792,41.020759],[-72.015013,41.028348],[-71.99926,41.039669],[-71.96704,41.047772],[-71.961078,41.054277],[-71.959595,41.071237],[-71.93825,41.077413],[-71.899256,41.080837],[-71.889543,41.075701],[-71.869558,41.075046],[-71.86447,41.076918],[-71.857494,41.073558],[-71.856214,41.070598],[-71.87391,41.052278],[-71.903736,41.040166],[-71.935689,41.034182],[-72.029357,40.999909],[-72.114448,40.972085],[-72.39585,40.86666],[-72.469996,40.84274],[-72.753112,40.763571],[-72.768152,40.761587],[-72.863164,40.732962],[-73.054963,40.666371],[-73.20844,40.630884],[-73.262106,40.621476],[-73.306396,40.620756],[-73.319257,40.635795],[-73.351465,40.6305],[-73.391967,40.617501],[-73.450369,40.603501],[-73.562372,40.583703],[-73.610873,40.587703],[-73.646674,40.582804],[-73.754776,40.584404],[-73.753349,40.59056],[-73.774928,40.590759],[-73.834408,40.577201],[-73.878906,40.560888],[-73.934512,40.545175],[-73.932729,40.560266],[-73.935686,40.564914],[-73.95005,40.573363],[-73.991346,40.57035],[-74.002056,40.570623],[-74.012022,40.574528],[-74.012996,40.578169],[-74.001591,40.590684],[-74.003281,40.595754],[-74.010926,40.600789],[-74.032856,40.604421],[-74.03959,40.612934],[-74.042412,40.624847],[-74.038336,40.637074],[-74.032066,40.646479],[-74.018272,40.659019],[-74.020467,40.67877],[-74.024827,40.687007],[-74.01849,40.695457],[-74.0168,40.701794],[-74.019526,40.706985],[-74.024543,40.709436],[-74.013784,40.756601],[-73.963182,40.8269],[-73.953982,40.848],[-73.929006,40.889578],[-73.896479,40.981697],[-73.893979,40.997197],[-73.90501,40.997591],[-74.18239,41.121595],[-74.301994,41.172594],[-74.457584,41.248225],[-74.696398,41.357339],[-74.689767,41.361558],[-74.691129,41.367324],[-74.708458,41.378901],[-74.715979,41.392584],[-74.73364,41.396975],[-74.740963,41.40512],[-74.741086,41.411413],[-74.734731,41.422699],[-74.738455,41.430641],[-74.743821,41.430635],[-74.758587,41.423287],[-74.773239,41.426352],[-74.790417,41.42166],[-74.795396,41.42398],[-74.801225,41.4381],[-74.807582,41.442847],[-74.817995,41.440505],[-74.826031,41.431736],[-74.830671,41.430503],[-74.836915,41.431625],[-74.858578,41.444427],[-74.888691,41.438259],[-74.893913,41.43893],[-74.896399,41.442179],[-74.889075,41.451245],[-74.890358,41.455324],[-74.906887,41.461131],[-74.909181,41.472436],[-74.912517,41.475605],[-74.924092,41.477138],[-74.932585,41.482323],[-74.941798,41.483542],[-74.95826,41.476396],[-74.983341,41.480894],[-74.985595,41.485863],[-74.982168,41.498486],[-74.984372,41.506611],[-74.987645,41.508738],[-75.003151,41.508101],[-75.000911,41.519292],[-75.00385,41.524052],[-75.014919,41.531399],[-75.024206,41.534018],[-75.024798,41.539801],[-75.016144,41.544246],[-75.018524,41.551802],[-75.027343,41.563541],[-75.04049,41.569688],[-75.04676,41.583258],[-75.060012,41.590813],[-75.074613,41.605711],[-75.071667,41.609501],[-75.059725,41.610801],[-75.061675,41.615468],[-75.060098,41.617482],[-75.05385,41.618655],[-75.048385,41.615986],[-75.044224,41.617978],[-75.043562,41.62364],[-75.048658,41.633781],[-75.04992,41.662556],[-75.059332,41.67232],[-75.051285,41.679961],[-75.052736,41.688393],[-75.059829,41.699716],[-75.06883,41.708161],[-75.06663,41.712588],[-75.052226,41.711396],[-75.049862,41.713309],[-75.054818,41.735168],[-75.053431,41.752538],[-75.060759,41.764638],[-75.075942,41.771518],[-75.095451,41.768366],[-75.10099,41.769121],[-75.10464,41.774203],[-75.101463,41.787941],[-75.092876,41.796386],[-75.076889,41.798509],[-75.072168,41.808327],[-75.072172,41.813732],[-75.078063,41.815112],[-75.089484,41.811576],[-75.100024,41.818347],[-75.113334,41.822782],[-75.115147,41.827285],[-75.113369,41.840698],[-75.115598,41.844638],[-75.130983,41.845145],[-75.140241,41.852078],[-75.152898,41.848564],[-75.161541,41.849836],[-75.168733,41.859258],[-75.168053,41.867043],[-75.170565,41.871608],[-75.176633,41.872371],[-75.185254,41.85993],[-75.194382,41.867287],[-75.204002,41.869867],[-75.21497,41.867449],[-75.223734,41.857456],[-75.231612,41.859459],[-75.241134,41.867118],[-75.251197,41.86204],[-75.260527,41.8638],[-75.263815,41.870757],[-75.257564,41.877108],[-75.260623,41.883783],[-75.271292,41.88736],[-75.272778,41.897112],[-75.267773,41.901971],[-75.267562,41.907054],[-75.276552,41.922208],[-75.279094,41.938917],[-75.289383,41.942891],[-75.293713,41.954593],[-75.300409,41.953871],[-75.301233,41.9489],[-75.303966,41.948216],[-75.312817,41.950182],[-75.318168,41.954236],[-75.32004,41.960867],[-75.329318,41.968232],[-75.342204,41.972872],[-75.337602,41.9867],[-75.341125,41.992772],[-75.359579,41.999445],[-76.343722,41.998346],[-76.920784,42.001774],[-77.124693,41.999395],[-77.83203,41.998524],[-78.12473,42.000452],[-78.874759,41.997559],[-79.761374,41.999067],[-79.761951,42.26986],[-79.717825,42.284711],[-79.645358,42.315631],[-79.546262,42.363417],[-79.474794,42.404291],[-79.453533,42.411157],[-79.429119,42.42838],[-79.405458,42.453281],[-79.381943,42.466491],[-79.351989,42.48892],[-79.331483,42.489076],[-79.31774,42.499884],[-79.283364,42.511228],[-79.264624,42.523159],[-79.242889,42.531757],[-79.193232,42.545881],[-79.148723,42.553672],[-79.138569,42.564462],[-79.12963,42.589824],[-79.121921,42.594234],[-79.113713,42.605994],[-79.111361,42.613358],[-79.078761,42.640058],[-79.073261,42.639958],[-79.06376,42.644758],[-79.062261,42.668358],[-79.04886,42.689158],[-79.01886,42.701558],[-78.991159,42.705358],[-78.944158,42.731958],[-78.918157,42.737258],[-78.868556,42.770258],[-78.853455,42.783958],[-78.851355,42.791758],[-78.856456,42.800258],[-78.859356,42.800658],[-78.863656,42.813058],[-78.865656,42.826758],[-78.860445,42.83511],[-78.859456,42.841358],[-78.865592,42.852358],[-78.872227,42.853306],[-78.882557,42.867258],[-78.891655,42.884845],[-78.912458,42.886557],[-78.905758,42.899957],[-78.905659,42.923357],[-78.909159,42.933257],[-78.918859,42.946857],[-78.93236,42.955857],[-78.961761,42.957756],[-78.975062,42.968756],[-79.011563,42.985256],[-79.019964,42.994756],[-79.02092,43.014287],[-79.011764,43.028956],[-79.005164,43.047056],[-79.00545,43.057231],[-79.01053,43.064389],[-79.074467,43.077855],[-79.074678,43.083141],[-79.064754,43.093205],[-79.060281,43.105086],[-79.062518,43.120182],[-79.060206,43.124799],[-79.044066,43.138055],[-79.042366,43.143655],[-79.046567,43.162355],[-79.053067,43.173655],[-79.050744,43.197417],[-79.055868,43.238554],[-79.061388,43.251349],[-79.070469,43.262454],[-79.019848,43.273686],[-78.971866,43.281254],[-78.836261,43.318455],[-78.777759,43.327055],[-78.747158,43.334555],[-78.696856,43.341255],[-78.634346,43.357624],[-78.547395,43.369541],[-78.488857,43.374763],[-78.473099,43.370812],[-78.370221,43.376505],[-78.358711,43.373988],[-78.233609,43.36907],[-78.145195,43.37551],[-78.104509,43.375628],[-78.023609,43.366575],[-77.995591,43.365293],[-77.976438,43.369159],[-77.965238,43.368059],[-77.922736,43.35696],[-77.904836,43.35696],[-77.875335,43.34966],[-77.797381,43.339857],[-77.760231,43.341161],[-77.756931,43.337361],[-77.714129,43.323561],[-77.701429,43.308261],[-77.660359,43.282998],[-77.628315,43.271303],[-77.577223,43.243263],[-77.551022,43.235763],[-77.534184,43.234569],[-77.50092,43.250363],[-77.476642,43.254522],[-77.436831,43.265701],[-77.414516,43.269263],[-77.391015,43.276363],[-77.341092,43.280661],[-77.314619,43.28103],[-77.303979,43.27815],[-77.264177,43.277363],[-77.214058,43.284114],[-77.173088,43.281509],[-77.143416,43.287561],[-77.130429,43.285635],[-77.111866,43.287945],[-77.067295,43.280937],[-77.033875,43.271218],[-76.999691,43.271456],[-76.988445,43.2745],[-76.958402,43.270005],[-76.952174,43.270692],[-76.904288,43.291816],[-76.877397,43.292926],[-76.854976,43.298443],[-76.841675,43.305399],[-76.794708,43.309632],[-76.769025,43.318452],[-76.731039,43.343421],[-76.69836,43.344436],[-76.684856,43.352691],[-76.669624,43.366526],[-76.630774,43.413356],[-76.607093,43.423374],[-76.562826,43.448537],[-76.53181,43.460299],[-76.521999,43.468617],[-76.515882,43.471136],[-76.506858,43.469127],[-76.486962,43.47535],[-76.472498,43.492781],[-76.437473,43.509213],[-76.417581,43.521285],[-76.368849,43.525822],[-76.345492,43.513437],[-76.297103,43.51287],[-76.259858,43.524728],[-76.235834,43.529256],[-76.228701,43.532987],[-76.217958,43.545156],[-76.209853,43.560136],[-76.203473,43.574978],[-76.199138,43.600454],[-76.196596,43.649761],[-76.205436,43.718751],[-76.213205,43.753513],[-76.229268,43.804135],[-76.250135,43.825713],[-76.266977,43.838046],[-76.283307,43.843923],[-76.284481,43.850968],[-76.28272,43.858601],[-76.261584,43.873278],[-76.243384,43.877975],[-76.227485,43.875061],[-76.219313,43.86682],[-76.202257,43.864898],[-76.158249,43.887542],[-76.145506,43.888681],[-76.133267,43.892975],[-76.127285,43.897889],[-76.125023,43.912773],[-76.133697,43.940356],[-76.134296,43.954726],[-76.139086,43.962111],[-76.146072,43.964705],[-76.169802,43.962202],[-76.184874,43.971128],[-76.22805,43.982737],[-76.244439,43.975803],[-76.264294,43.978009],[-76.268706,43.980846],[-76.266733,43.995578],[-76.269672,44.001148],[-76.281928,44.009177],[-76.296755,44.013307],[-76.298962,44.017719],[-76.300222,44.022762],[-76.296986,44.045455],[-76.300532,44.057188],[-76.360306,44.070907],[-76.360798,44.087644],[-76.366972,44.100409],[-76.363835,44.111696],[-76.355679,44.133258],[-76.312647,44.199044],[-76.286547,44.203773],[-76.245487,44.203669],[-76.206777,44.214543],[-76.191328,44.221244],[-76.164265,44.239603],[-76.161833,44.280777],[-76.130884,44.296635],[-76.118136,44.29485],[-76.111931,44.298031],[-76.097351,44.299547],[-76.045228,44.331724],[-76.000998,44.347534],[-75.978281,44.34688],[-75.970185,44.342835],[-75.94954,44.349129],[-75.929465,44.359603],[-75.922247,44.36568],[-75.912985,44.368084],[-75.871496,44.394839],[-75.82083,44.432244],[-75.807778,44.471644],[-75.76623,44.515851],[-75.662381,44.591934],[-75.618364,44.619637],[-75.505903,44.705081],[-75.477642,44.720224],[-75.423943,44.756329],[-75.413885,44.76889],[-75.397007,44.773471],[-75.387371,44.78003],[-75.372347,44.78311],[-75.346527,44.805563],[-75.333744,44.806378],[-75.306487,44.826144],[-75.30763,44.836813],[-75.26825,44.855119],[-75.255517,44.857651],[-75.241303,44.866958],[-75.228635,44.8679],[-75.218548,44.87554],[-75.203012,44.877548],[-75.142958,44.900237],[-75.133977,44.911838],[-75.105162,44.921193],[-75.096659,44.927067],[-75.066245,44.930174],[-75.059966,44.93457],[-75.027125,44.946568],[-75.005155,44.958402],[-74.999655,44.965921],[-74.99927,44.971638],[-74.992756,44.977449],[-74.972463,44.983402],[-74.907956,44.983359],[-74.900733,44.992754],[-74.887837,45.000046],[-74.861927,45.002771],[-74.834669,45.014683],[-74.826578,45.01585],[-74.799434,45.009132],[-74.793148,45.004647],[-74.768749,45.003893],[-74.760215,44.994946],[-74.74464,44.990577],[-74.731301,44.990422],[-74.722574,44.998062],[-74.702018,45.003322],[-74.683973,44.99969],[-74.667338,45.001648],[-74.661478,44.999592],[-74.45753,44.997032],[-74.335184,44.991905],[-74.146814,44.9915],[-74.027392,44.995765]]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"New York\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","contact":"<p>Director, New York Water Science Center<br> U.S. Geological Survey<br> 425 Jordan Rd<br> Troy, NY 12180<br> (518) 285-5695 <br> <a href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\" data-mce-href=\"http://ny.water.usgs.gov/\">http://ny.water.usgs.gov/</a></p>","tableOfContents":"<ul><li>Abstract</li><li>Introduction</li><li>Methods</li><li>Bankfull&nbsp;Discharge and Channel Characteristics of Streams in New York State</li><li>New Hydrologic&nbsp;Regions</li><li>Data Stratification</li><li>Comparison of New York State Equations to those Developed for Other Regions in the Northeast</li><li>Other Uses of Regional Curves</li><li>Limitations of Regional Curves</li><li>Summary</li><li>Acknowledgments</li><li>References Cited</li><li>Appendix 1. Characteristics of Streamflow-Gaging Stations Surveyed in New York State, 1999–2006</li><li>Appendix 2. Stream Classification and Bankfull-Channel Characteristics for Streamflow-Gaging Stations Surveyed in New York State,&nbsp;1999–2006</li></ul>","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49d4e4b07f02db5dd759","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mulvihill, Christiane I.","contributorId":31821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mulvihill","given":"Christiane I.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303540,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Baldigo, Barry P. 0000-0002-9862-9119 bbaldigo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9862-9119","contributorId":1234,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Baldigo","given":"Barry","email":"bbaldigo@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":474,"text":"New York Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303538,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Miller, Sarah J.","contributorId":72857,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303542,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"DeKoskie, Douglas","contributorId":27751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DeKoskie","given":"Douglas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303539,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"DuBois, Joel","contributorId":68177,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"DuBois","given":"Joel","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303541,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97895,"text":"ofr20091182 - 2009 - Mercury, methylmercury, and other constituents in sediment and water from seasonal and permanent wetlands in the Cache Creek settling basin and Yolo Bypass, Yolo County, California, 2005-06","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T12:35:13","indexId":"ofr20091182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1182","title":"Mercury, methylmercury, and other constituents in sediment and water from seasonal and permanent wetlands in the Cache Creek settling basin and Yolo Bypass, Yolo County, California, 2005-06","docAbstract":"<p><span>This report presents surface water and surface (top 0-2 cm) sediment geochemical data collected during 2005-2006, as part of a larger study of mercury (Hg) dynamics in seasonal and permanently flooded wetland habitats within the lower Sacramento River basin, Yolo County, California. The study was conducted in two phases. Phase I represented reconnaissance sampling and included three locations within the Cache Creek drainage basin; two within the Cache Creek Nature Preserve (CCNP) and one in the Cache Creek Settling Basin (CCSB) within the creek's main channel near the southeast outlet to the Yolo Bypass. Two additional downstream sites within the Yolo Bypass Wildlife Area (YBWA) were also sampled during Phase I, including one permanently flooded wetland and one seasonally flooded wetland, which had began being flooded only 1–2 days before Phase I sampling.</span></p><p><span>Results from Phase I include: (a) a negative correlation between total mercury (THg) and the percentage of methylmercury (MeHg) in unfiltered surface water; (b) a positive correlation between sediment THg concentration and sediment organic content; (c) surface water and sediment THg concentrations were highest at the CCSB site; (d) sediment inorganic reactive mercury (Hg(II)<sub>R</sub><span>) concentration was positively related to sediment oxidation-reduction potential and negatively related to sediment acid volatile sulfur (AVS) concentration; (e) sediment Hg(II)</span><sub>R</sub><span><span>&nbsp;</span>concentrations were highest at the two YBWA sites; (f) unfiltered surface water MeHg concentration was highest at the seasonal wetland YBWA site, and sediment MeHg was highest at the permanently flooded YBWA site; (g) a 1,000-fold increase in sediment pore water sulfate concentration was observed in the downstream transect from the CCNP to the YBWA; (h) low sediment pore water sulfide concentrations (&lt;1 µmol/L) across all sites; and (i) iron (Fe) speciation data suggest a higher potential for microbial Fe(III)-reduction in the YBWA compared to the CCSB.</span></span></p><p><span><span>Phase II sampling did not include the original three Cache Creek sites, but instead focused on the original two sites within the YBWA and a similarly paired set of seasonally and permanently flooded wetland sites within the CCSB. Sediment sampling at the YBWA and CCSB occurred approximately 28 days and 52 days, respectively, after the initial flooding of the respective seasonal wetlands, and again towards the end of the seasonal flooding period (end of May 2006). Results from Phase II sampling include: (a) sediment MeHg concentration and the percentage of THg as MeHg (%MeHg) in unfiltered surface waters were generally higher in the YBWA compared to the CCSB; (b) suspended sediment concentration (SCC) in surface water was positively correlated with both THg and MeHg in unfiltered water across all sites, although the relationship between SCC and MeHg differed for the two regions, suggesting local MeHg sources; (c) MeHg concentration in unfiltered surface water was positively correlated to sediment MeHg concentrations across all sites, supporting the suggestion of unique local (sediment) sources of MeHg to the water column; (d) THg concentration in filtered water was positively correlated with both total Fe and dissolved organic carbon (DOC), offering additional support for the role of these constituents in the partitioning of THg between particulate and dissolved phases; (e) flooding of the YBWA seasonal wetland resulted in a rapid and significant (5-fold) rise in sediment MeHg concentration within 3–4 weeks following inundation; and (f) temporal changes in sediment S and Fe speciation suggest that rates of both microbial sulfate reduction and Fe(III)-reduction were significantly higher at YBWA, compared to CCSB, during the period between flooding and drying.</span></span></p><p><span><span>The geochemical data presented in this report indicate that (a) strong spatial and temporal differences in Hg speciation and transformations can occur within the range of wetland habitats found in the lower Sacramento River basin; (b) flooding of seasonal wetlands can be accompanied by a rapid increase in benthic MeHg production and the release of previously formed MeHg (generated during or since the previous flooding season) to the overlying water column; (c) S and Fe chemistry, and associated microbial reduction pathways, play an important role in mediating the speciation and transformation of Hg in these wetland habitats; (d) hydroperiod is a primary forcing function in mediating MeHg production among various wetland types; and (e) MeHg production appears to be more active in the YBWA compared to the CCSB.</span></span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091182","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Sacramento Regional County Sanitation District, the Sacramento River Watershed Program, and the United States Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Marvin-DiPasquale, M., Alpers, C.N., and Fleck, J., 2009, Mercury, methylmercury, and other constituents in sediment and water from seasonal and permanent wetlands in the Cache Creek settling basin and Yolo Bypass, Yolo County, California, 2005-06: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1182, xi, 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091182.","productDescription":"xi, 69 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2005-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":434,"text":"National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118532,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1182.jpg"},{"id":352998,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1182/of2009-1182.pdf"},{"id":13069,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1182/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","county":"Yolo County","otherGeospatial":"Cache Creek settling basin, Yolo Bypass","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121.96666666666667,38.46666666666667 ], [ -121.96666666666667,38.75 ], [ -121.5,38.75 ], [ -121.5,38.46666666666667 ], [ -121.96666666666667,38.46666666666667 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4ae4b07f02db624dcb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Marvin-DiPasquale, Mark 0000-0002-8186-9167 mmarvin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8186-9167","contributorId":149175,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Marvin-DiPasquale","given":"Mark","email":"mmarvin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303517,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Alpers, Charles N. 0000-0001-6945-7365 cnalpers@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6945-7365","contributorId":411,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpers","given":"Charles","email":"cnalpers@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303515,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Jacob A. 0000-0002-3217-3972 jafleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3217-3972","contributorId":1498,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Jacob A.","email":"jafleck@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303516,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97896,"text":"ofr20091207 - 2009 - Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona: Bathymetric survey techniques","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T19:20:36.296368","indexId":"ofr20091207","displayToPublicDate":"2009-10-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1207","title":"Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona: Bathymetric survey techniques","docAbstract":"In 2002, a fine-grained sediment (sand, silt, and clay) monitoring effort was initiated in the Colorado River ecosystem, the river corridor downstream from Glen Canyon Dam, to directly survey channel topography at scales previously unobtainable in this canyon setting. This report presents an overview of the equipment and the methods used to collect and process the high-resolution bathymetric data required for this monitoring effort. The survey methods were employed in up to 11 discrete reaches during various time intervals. The reaches varied in length from 1.3 to 6.4 km. An assessment of depth-measurement uncertainty is presented that shows the surveys meet or exceed the requirement needed to detect changes at the 0.25-m level with 95 percent confidence. These data, in the form of high-resolution digital elevation models, will be integrated in a geographic information system and used to compare maps of topography, grain size, and other information to study the spatial distribution of fine sediment in this system.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091207","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with Northern Arizona University and Utah State University","usgsCitation":"Kaplinski, M., Hazel, J., Parnell, R., Breedlove, M., Kohl, K., and Gonzales, M., 2009, Monitoring fine-sediment volume in the Colorado River ecosystem, Arizona: Bathymetric survey techniques: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1207, iv, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091207.","productDescription":"iv, 33 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125499,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1207.jpg"},{"id":402872,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87448.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13070,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1207/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona","otherGeospatial":"Colorado River ecosystem","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.90698242187499,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ],\n            [\n              -110.90698242187499,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              36.923547681089296\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.0380859375,\n              35.88905007936091\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4de4b07f02db62752d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kaplinski, Matt","contributorId":65817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kaplinski","given":"Matt","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hazel, Joseph E. Jr.","contributorId":91819,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hazel","given":"Joseph E.","suffix":"Jr.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303523,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Parnell, Rod","contributorId":15711,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parnell","given":"Rod","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303519,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Breedlove, Mike","contributorId":60348,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Breedlove","given":"Mike","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kohl, Keith 0000-0001-6812-0373 kkohl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6812-0373","contributorId":1323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kohl","given":"Keith","email":"kkohl@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":568,"text":"Southwest Biological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303518,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gonzales, Mark","contributorId":71663,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gonzales","given":"Mark","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
]}