Seismic-refraction surveys were made across suspected buried, drift-filled bedrock valleys believed to underlie two sites of known ground-water contamination the Twin Cities Army Ammunition Plant (TCAAP) near New Brighton and the former Koppers Coke Plant in St. Paul, Ramsey County, Minnesota. Refraction data were collected along two lines at each site; each line traversed the axis of a suspected valley.
\nDrift-filled bedrock valleys were thought to incise the Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer to an altitude between 500 and 560 feet above sea level at the TCAAP site. The interpretation of one seismic profile indicates that a valley probably does not exist under the area surveyed; the modeled depth profile shows the bedrock surface ranging between altitudes of about 700 to 780 feet. Interpretation of a second seismic profile just south of the TCAAP indicates that a shallow valley may exist under the northern half of the line; the modeled depth profile shows that the bedrock surface declines from an altitude of about 780 feet to about 690 feet over a horizontal distance of 400 feet.
\nA drift-filled bedrock valley was thought to incise the St. Peter aquifer to an altitude between 770 and 800 feet above sea level at the Koppers site. The interpretation of a seismic profile just east of the Koppers site is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present near the middle of the line. The interpretation of a second seismic profile across the westward extension of the same suspected valley also is not conclusive, but suggests that a bedrock valley may be present at the north end of the line. The optimal field layout for each line at the site (longer shot offsets) could not be obtained because of limited space available in the densely developed residential neighborhoods.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"St. Paul, MN","doi":"10.3133/wri854107","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Woodward, D.G., 1985, Seismic-refraction study of suspected drift-filled bedrock valleys in Ramsey County, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4107, iv, 20 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854107.","productDescription":"iv, 20 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":160279,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59342,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4107/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","county":"Ramsey County","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[-93.0207,45.1258],[-92.9838,45.1247],[-92.9875,44.8924],[-92.9978,44.8924],[-93.0191,44.8929],[-93.0229,44.8948],[-93.0294,44.8966],[-93.0357,44.904],[-93.0447,44.9122],[-93.0498,44.9168],[-93.0524,44.9204],[-93.0608,44.9209],[-93.0666,44.921],[-93.0904,44.9215],[-93.0897,44.9251],[-93.0975,44.9252],[-93.0981,44.9215],[-93.1084,44.922],[-93.1271,44.9225],[-93.1297,44.9198],[-93.1342,44.9175],[-93.1375,44.9143],[-93.1426,44.9102],[-93.1504,44.9039],[-93.1556,44.9002],[-93.164,44.8979],[-93.1704,44.8975],[-93.1775,44.8989],[-93.1833,44.8998],[-93.1897,44.9026],[-93.1955,44.904],[-93.1987,44.9085],[-93.2026,44.9122],[-93.2038,44.9145],[-93.2058,44.9172],[-93.2051,44.9209],[-93.2044,44.9263],[-93.2044,44.9305],[-93.2031,44.935],[-93.2037,44.9405],[-93.2044,44.9441],[-93.2063,44.9469],[-93.2062,44.9583],[-93.2059,45.0373],[-93.2272,45.0373],[-93.2262,45.1255],[-93.0207,45.1258]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Ramsey\",\"state\":\"MN\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f3e4b07f02db5efcfc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodward, D. G.","contributorId":106458,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodward","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203492,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28948,"text":"wri854033 - 1985 - Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri854033","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4033","title":"Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854033","usgsCitation":"Olmsted, F.H., 1985, Ground-water discharge and recharge in the Soda Lakes and Upsal Hogback geothermal areas, Churchill County, Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4033, v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854033.","productDescription":"v, 27 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4033/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57825,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4033/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aafe4b07f02db66cea2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olmsted, F. H.","contributorId":24765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olmsted","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200663,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29877,"text":"wri844291 - 1985 - Effects of high-rate wastewater spray disposal on the water-table aquifer, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:59","indexId":"wri844291","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4291","title":"Effects of high-rate wastewater spray disposal on the water-table aquifer, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina","docAbstract":"A study by the U.S. Geological Survey from April 1982 through December 1983 evaluated the effects of high-rate disposal of treated wastewater on the water table aquifer, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina. Flooding of topographically low areas resulted from the application of 10.8 inches of wastewater in 10 days in January 1983. The water table remained 2-1/2 to 5-1/2 feet below land surface when wastewater was applied at rates of 5 inches per week in August and December 1983. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844291","usgsCitation":"Speiran, G., 1985, Effects of high-rate wastewater spray disposal on the water-table aquifer, Hilton Head Island, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4291, vi, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844291.","productDescription":"vi, 31 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120177,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4291/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58689,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4291/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a29e4b07f02db611f29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28946,"text":"wri844191 - 1985 - Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alabama","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:37","indexId":"wri844191","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4191","title":"Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alabama","docAbstract":"Methods are presented to estimate flood magnitude for selected recurrence intervals for urban and rural streams with drainage areas from 1 to 22,000 square miles. Seven hydrologic areas were delineated and regression equations were developed for six areas. Hydrologic data could not be regionalized for the seventh area. Drainage area was the only independent variable used in the equations for five hydrologic areas. Drainage area and a storage factor were used in the equations for the other area. One hydrologic area, located in the central part of the State, has flood runoffs two to four times greater than the other areas. It is recommended that the rural equations be used for estimates of flood magnitudes for both urban and rural streams in the hydrologic area. Rivers with drainage areas greater than 1,500 square miles could not be regionalized. Estimating methods for these rivers are shown graphically. Maximum flood magnitudes versus drainage area also are presented. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844191","usgsCitation":"Olin, D., 1985, Magnitude and frequency of floods in Alabama: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4191, v, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844191.","productDescription":"v, 105 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":120142,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4191/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57822,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4191/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":57823,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4191/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db649534","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olin, D.A.","contributorId":106905,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olin","given":"D.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29296,"text":"wri834216 - 1985 - Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-06-20T08:04:10","indexId":"wri834216","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4216","title":"Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania","docAbstract":"The Pennsylvania Department of Transportation, the Federal Highway Administration, and the U.S. Geological Survey have cooperated in a study to evaluate two methods of predicting sediment yields during highway construction. \r\n\r\n Sediment yields were calculated using the Universal Soil Loss and the Younkin Sediment Prediction Equations. Results were compared to the actual measured values, and standard errors and coefficients of correlation were calculated. Sediment discharge from the construction area was determined for storms that occurred during construction of Interstate 81 in a 0.38-square mile basin near Harrisburg, Pennsylvania. Precipitation data tabulated included total rainfall, maximum 30-minute rainfall, kinetic energy, and the erosive index of the precipitation. Highway construction data tabulated included the area disturbed by clearing and grubbing, the area in cuts and fills, the average depths of cuts and fills, the area seeded and mulched, and the area paved. \r\n\r\n Using the Universal Soil Loss Equation, sediment discharge from the construction area was calculated for storms. The standard error of estimate was 0.40 (about 105 percent), and the coefficient of correlation was 0.79. Sediment discharge from the construction area was also calculated using the Younkin Equation. The standard error of estimate of 0.42 (about 110 percent), and the coefficient of correlation of 0.77 are comparable to those from the Universal Soil Loss Equation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri834216","usgsCitation":"Reed, L., Ward, J.R., and Wetzel, K.L., 1985, Calculating sediment discharge from a highway construction site in central Pennsylvania: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4216, iii, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834216.","productDescription":"iii, 12 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123768,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4216/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58138,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4216/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa37b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, L.A.","contributorId":14454,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"L.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ward, J. R.","contributorId":18015,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ward","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wetzel, K. L.","contributorId":14418,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wetzel","given":"K.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29878,"text":"wri854326 - 1985 - Potential impacts of discharging tertiary-treated wastewater into Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-24T11:46:51","indexId":"wri854326","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4326","title":"Potential impacts of discharging tertiary-treated wastewater into Port Royal Sound, South Carolina","docAbstract":"An assessment of physical characteristics of Port Royal Sound was combined with the results of a dye tracer study and with data collected from a previous environmental study to describe the impact on the water quality from discharging tertiary treated wastewater into the sound. Calculated velocities for the time of maximum velocity in the tidal cycle ranged from 2.32 ft/sec near the bottom to 4.65 ft/sec near the surface of the sound in a cross section in the vicinity of a proposed wastewater outfall. Vertical velocity distributions calculated for the time of maximum velocity were similar at all stations at which velocities were measured except the station in shallow water near the shore. A recent bathymetric chart of the vicinity of the proposed outfall indicates that a bar extends farther along the northern shore of Hilton Head Island than indicated on earlier nautical charts of Port Royal Sound. Continued extension of this bar could alter the impact on water quality from discharge of treated wastewater into the sound. Further study may be needed to monitor changes in the bar if the outfall is located between the bar and Hilton Head Island. Conservative calculations based on the results of the dye tracer study indicate that the discharge of 10.9 million gallons/day of wastewater having concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand and suspended solids of 15 mg/L will result in a maximum cumulative increase in concentrations of biochemical oxygen demand of < 0.01 mg/L and no increase in concentrations of suspended solids at high slack tide in the part of Port Royal Sound most affected by the proposed wastewater discharge. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854326","usgsCitation":"Speiran, G., and Belval, D., 1985, Potential impacts of discharging tertiary-treated wastewater into Port Royal Sound, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4326, v, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854326.","productDescription":"v, 33 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123698,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4326/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58690,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4326/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Port Royal Sound","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.46636962890625,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -81.46636962890625,\n 32.62780989050403\n ],\n [\n -80.09307861328125,\n 32.62780989050403\n ],\n [\n -80.09307861328125,\n 31.784216884487385\n ],\n [\n -81.46636962890625,\n 31.784216884487385\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae0da","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Speiran, G. K.","contributorId":83534,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Speiran","given":"G. K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202288,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Belval, D.L.","contributorId":52186,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Belval","given":"D.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202287,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29294,"text":"wri854248 - 1985 - Digital model for simulating steady-state ground-water and heat flow","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854248","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4248","title":"Digital model for simulating steady-state ground-water and heat flow","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854248","usgsCitation":"Reed, J., 1985, Digital model for simulating steady-state ground-water and heat flow: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4248, iv, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854248.","productDescription":"iv, 134 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121818,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4248/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58137,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4248/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a96e4b07f02db65aa16","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reed, J.E.","contributorId":41801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reed","given":"J.E.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201291,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29287,"text":"wri854034 - 1985 - Ground-water quality and geochemistry of aquifers associated with coal in the Allegheny and Monongahela formations, southeastern Ohio","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:45","indexId":"wri854034","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4034","title":"Ground-water quality and geochemistry of aquifers associated with coal in the Allegheny and Monongahela formations, southeastern Ohio","docAbstract":"Ground water from aquifers associated with coal beds in the Allegheny and Monongahela Formations in southeastern Ohio is predominantly a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type. Sodium bicarbonate type water is less common. Isolated areas of sodium chloride and calcium sulfate types also are present. The water is predominantly very hard, and has a median hardness concentration of 258 milligrams per liter as calcium carbonate and a median dissolved-solids concentration of 436 milligrams per liter. Few wells contain water with dissolved-solids concentrations in excess of 1,000 milligrams per liter.\r\n\r\nBicarbonate concentration in ground water was found to be significantly different among coals, whereas concentrations of bicarbonate, hardness, calcium, magnesium, sodium, iron, manganese, and strontium were significantly different between ground water in the Allegheny and Monongahela Formations. Many constituents are significantly correlated, but few correlation coefficients are high.\r\n\r\nThe presence of sulfate or iron is attributed to the kinetic mechanism operating during the oxidation of pyrite. The position along the sulfide or ferrous-iron oxidation pathways controls the reaction products of pyrite found in solution, and the formation of either the sulfate of iron constituents. The availability and rate of diffusion of oxygen in the formations exerts control on the water quality.\r\n\r\nDiscriminant-function analysis correctly classifies 89 percent of the observations into the Allegheny or Monongahela Formations. As a verifications, 39 of 41 observations from another study were correctly classified by formation.\r\n\r\nThe differences in water chemistry between the Allegheny and the Monongahela Formations are gradational and are attributed the oxidation of iron sulfide. The diffusion and availability of oxygen, which controls the chemical reaction, is regulated by the porosity and permeability of the rock with respect to oxygen and the presence or absence of carbonates, which controls the pH.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854034","usgsCitation":"Razem, A., and Sedam, A., 1985, Ground-water quality and geochemistry of aquifers associated with coal in the Allegheny and Monongahela formations, southeastern Ohio: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4034, iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854034.","productDescription":"iv, 39 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122660,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4034/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58132,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4034/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64ad69","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Razem, A. C.","contributorId":34924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Razem","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sedam, A. C.","contributorId":32530,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sedam","given":"A. C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29018,"text":"wri844247 - 1985 - Estimation of selected flow and water-quality characteristics of Alaskan streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4247","title":"Estimation of selected flow and water-quality characteristics of Alaskan streams","docAbstract":"Although hydrologic data are either sparse or nonexistent for large areas of Alaska, the drainage area, area of lakes, glacier and forest cover, and average precipitation in a hydrologic basin of interest can be measured or estimated from existing maps. Application of multiple linear regression techniques indicates that statistically significant correlations exist between properties of basins determined from maps and measured streamflow characteristics. This suggests that corresponding characteristics of ungaged basins can be estimated. Streamflow frequency characteristics can be estimated from regional equations developed for southeast, south-central and Yukon regions. Statewide or modified regional equations must be used, however, for the southwest, northwest, and Arctic Slope regions where there is a paucity of data. Equations developed from basin characteristics are given to estimate suspended-sediment values for glacial streams and, with less reliability, for nonglacial streams. Equations developed from available specific conductance data are given to estimate concentrations of major dissolved inorganic constituents. Suggestions are made for expanding the existing data base and thus improving the ability to estimate hydrologic characteristics for Alaskan streams. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844247","usgsCitation":"Parks, B., and Madison, R.J., 1985, Estimation of selected flow and water-quality characteristics of Alaskan streams: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4247, v, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844247.","productDescription":"v, 64 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159516,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57883,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5e3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Parks, Bruce","contributorId":87542,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Parks","given":"Bruce","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200799,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Madison, R. J.","contributorId":84734,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madison","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200798,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29810,"text":"wri844246 - 1985 - Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-01-11T19:24:53.819799","indexId":"wri844246","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4246","title":"Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79","docAbstract":"Nassau County, New York depends upon ground water for its freshwater supply. The primary water uses are for public-water supply and industrial-commercial purposes, which together accounted for 202 Mgal/d (million gallons per day) in 1975. Public-water suppliers withdrew 85 percent of their water from the Magothy Formation. About 133 Mgal/d was returned to the ground after use in 1975, and about 69; Mgal/d was discharged to tidewater. In addition, about 34 Mgal/d infiltrated into sewerlines in 1975 and was also discharged to tidewater. Because of the importance of this freshwater supply, the New York State Department of Environmental conservation reviews applications for the installation of wells and compiles data on pumpage throughout Long Island. It also reviews applications to discharge wastewater into the surface water and ground water of the State. This report summarizes the data filed with the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation for Nassau County during 1973-79. It presents data and estimates on withdrawals for public and industrial-commercial supply, returns to the ground, and discharges through sewer systems. It also includes information on population and land use.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844246","usgsCitation":"Snavely, D.S., and Williams, J., 1985, Estimated public-water supply and industrial-commercial ground-water withdrawals and returns in Nassau County, Long Island, New York, 1973-79: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4246, iv, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844246.","productDescription":"iv, 16 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":411727,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36095.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58611,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":123976,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4246/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New York","county":"Nassau County","otherGeospatial":"Long Island","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -73.783,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.783,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.433,\n 40.5\n ],\n [\n -73.433,\n 41\n ],\n [\n -73.783,\n 41\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a81e4b07f02db64a0ae","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Snavely, D. S.","contributorId":103692,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Snavely","given":"D.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, J. F.","contributorId":20754,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"J. F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202168,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29800,"text":"wri854076 - 1985 - Water resources of Wildcat Creek and Deer Creek basins, Howard and parts of adjacent counties, Indiana, 1979-82","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:07","indexId":"wri854076","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4076","title":"Water resources of Wildcat Creek and Deer Creek basins, Howard and parts of adjacent counties, Indiana, 1979-82","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854076","usgsCitation":"Smith, B., Hardy, M.A., and Crompton, E., 1985, Water resources of Wildcat Creek and Deer Creek basins, Howard and parts of adjacent counties, Indiana, 1979-82: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4076, vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854076.","productDescription":"vi, 92 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":121583,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4076/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58601,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4076/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f4e4b07f02db5f06ee","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, B.S.","contributorId":7730,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"B.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202145,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hardy, M. A.","contributorId":54223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hardy","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202146,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crompton, E. J.","contributorId":70412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crompton","given":"E. J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202147,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30484,"text":"wri854324 - 1985 - Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-23T12:10:51.838964","indexId":"wri854324","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4324","title":"Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah","docAbstract":"Hydrologic, geologic, and partial water quality data were collected at 90 selected springs in west-central Utah, and chemical analyses performed on water samples from 62 of the springs. Descriptions of the physiographic and geologic conditions, climate, and vegetation patterns for the study area are included. Allowable limits of certain chemical constituents in water for human and livestock consumption are included with the water quality data. Three classifications of springs were established based on physical characteristics of the springs, and chemical composition of the springflow: (1) mountain springs; (2) non-thermal valley springs, and (3) thermal valley springs. Mountain springs are in and near recharge areas, have seasonal variations of discharge and temperature, typically discharge from extrusive and metamorphic geohydrologic units, and generally discharge freshwater. Non-thermal valley springs are peripheral to recharge areas, have seasonal variations of discharge and temperature, typically discharge from a variety of geohydrologic units, and have variable water composition. Thermal valley springs are near topographic low areas of valleys , and have little seasonal variation of discharge or temperature. They typically discharge from unconsolidated deposits (but the discharge probably has flowed through buried carbonate geohydrologic units). They also have a considerable range of water composition that reflects the relative complexity of the groundwater system. (Author 's abstract)","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri854324","usgsCitation":"Wilberg, D., and Stolp, B., 1985, Physical characteristics and chemical quality of selected springs in parts of Juab, Millard, Tooele, and Utah counties, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4324, vi, 39 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854324.","productDescription":"vi, 39 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123684,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":59266,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59267,"rank":401,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/plate-2.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":59268,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4324/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Utah","county":"Juab County, Millard County, Tooele County, Utah County","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adbe4b07f02db685b13","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wilberg, Dale E.","contributorId":60215,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wilberg","given":"Dale E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203329,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stolp, Bernard J. 0000-0003-3803-1497","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3803-1497","contributorId":71942,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stolp","given":"Bernard J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":203330,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29130,"text":"wri854153 - 1985 - Water-quality variations in Antelope Creek and Deadmans Run, Lincoln, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:49","indexId":"wri854153","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4153","title":"Water-quality variations in Antelope Creek and Deadmans Run, Lincoln, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Eleven sets of samples from five sites on Antelope Creek and Dead Man 's Run in Lincoln, Nebraska, were collected from December 1982 through June 1983 to study water-quality variations. Specific-conductance values generally were similar for Antelope Creek at 52nd Street and 27th Street, but during a low-flow survey of December 1 they increased from 974 to 8,700 microsiemens per centimeter at 25 C from 27th Street to Court Street. Seepage of saline water from underlying bedrock to the stream occurs in this reach. Specific-conductance values were less variable for Dead Man 's Run, increasing an average of only 47 percent from 66th Street to U.S. Highway 6. Specific-conductance values were less at high flows in Antelope Creek, except in samples collected on January 6, 1983, which contained runoff from salted streets. Sodium and chloride concentrations in these samples were from 5 to 10 times greater than those measured in any other samples. Stray-current corrosion occurs when current flows between dissimilar metals. Zinc-coated wire of channel-stabilization structures (gabions) may be an anode and material within the stream banks may be a cathode. Dissolution of the zinc coating by this type of corrosion may be a cause for gabion deterioration in both streams. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854153","usgsCitation":"Pettijohn, R.A., and Engberg, R., 1985, Water-quality variations in Antelope Creek and Deadmans Run, Lincoln, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4153, iv, 36 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854153.","productDescription":"iv, 36 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159371,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4153/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57999,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4153/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a08e4b07f02db5fa1cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pettijohn, R. A.","contributorId":66743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pettijohn","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Engberg, R. A.","contributorId":104876,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Engberg","given":"R. A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200994,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29768,"text":"wri854247 - 1985 - Water resources and hydrologic hazards of the Exit Glacier area near Seward, Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:57","indexId":"wri854247","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4247","title":"Water resources and hydrologic hazards of the Exit Glacier area near Seward, Alaska","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854247","usgsCitation":"Sloan, C.E., 1985, Water resources and hydrologic hazards of the Exit Glacier area near Seward, Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4247, iii, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854247.","productDescription":"iii, 8 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":159706,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4247/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58567,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4247/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a06e4b07f02db5f8894","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sloan, C. E.","contributorId":59037,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sloan","given":"C.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29760,"text":"wri854299 - 1985 - Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-08-09T12:04:16","indexId":"wri854299","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4299","title":"Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas","docAbstract":"A digital model of two-dimensional groundwater flow was used to estimate the hydraulic properties of the Edwards Aquifer in a 151 sq mi area near Austin, Texas. The transmissivity, hydraulic conductivity, and specific yield were estimated for the part of the aquifer that discharges at Barton Springs in Austin. The aquifer is composed of the Edwards and overlying Georgetown Limestones of Cretaceous age and ranges in thickness from about 100 ft to about 450 ft.
\nMore than 60 years of discharge measurements and 5 years of gaged discharge for Barton Springs were used to adjust springflow for the simulations. Barton Springs accounts for about 96% of springflow from the study area and 90% of the total discharge. The remaining discharge was pumpage from wells which was entered in the model. Four years of gaged recharge were used in the simulations. The potentiometric surfaces used by the models were constructed from water level measurements in as many as 75 wells.
\nThe transmissivity was calibrated through steady-state simulations that used the mean value of recharge and mean potentiometric surface to represent average conditions for the aquifer. The transmissivities vary from about 100 sq ft/day in the western part of the aquifer to > 1 million sq ft/day near Barton Springs. Specific yield was calibrated through transient-state simulations for 5 consecutive months using time-dependent data for recharge, discharge, and water levels. The mean specific yield for the aquifer is 0.014 and ranges from 0.008 to 0.064. Additional aquifer properties used in the simulations include storage coefficient, altitudes of the base and top of the aquifer, and hydraulic conductivity.
\nA simulation for the year 2000 using projected pumping rates for municipal, industrial, agricultural, and domestic supplies indicates that the aquifer would be dewatered in the southwestern part of the study area and have large declines in the southeastern part of the study area. Another simulation of projected conditions using potential recharge enhancement predicts a rise in the potentiometric surface of about 50 feet in the southwestern part of the aquifer and moderate water-level declines in the southeastern part of the aquifer.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Austin, TX","doi":"10.3133/wri854299","usgsCitation":"Slade, R.M., Ruiz, L., and Slagle, D., 1985, Simulation of the flow system of Barton Springs and associated Edwards Aquifer in the Austin area, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4299, vii, 49 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854299.","productDescription":"vii, 49 p.","numberOfPages":"56","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":159322,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4299/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58555,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4299/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Texas","city":"Austin","otherGeospatial":"Edwards Aquifer","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db6977e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slade, Raymond M. Jr.","contributorId":46487,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slade","given":"Raymond","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruiz, Linda","contributorId":96308,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruiz","given":"Linda","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Slagle, Diana","contributorId":7743,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slagle","given":"Diana","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29925,"text":"wri854257 - 1985 - Estimate of self-supplied domestic water use in Nebraska during 1980","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri854257","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4257","title":"Estimate of self-supplied domestic water use in Nebraska during 1980","docAbstract":"No data base of actual measurements exists for self-supplied, domestic water use in Nebraska, because Nebraska laws do not require drilling permits, well registration, or reporting of volumes withdrawn from domestic wells. Self-supplied, domestic water use of 31,280 acre-ft in Nebraska during 1980 was computed from estimates of gal/day/capita use for each county. This represents an average of 95 gal/day/capita. During 1980, county use volumes ranged from 30 acre-ft in Hooker and Pawnee Counties to 1,380 acre-ft in Douglas County, and Hydrologic Unit use volumes ranged from < 5 acre-ft to 2,270 acre-ft. Natural Resources Districts ' (NRD) use volumes ranged from 360 acre-ft in Middle Niobrara NRD to 3,530 acre-feet in the Lower Elkhorn NRD for the same period. (Author 's abstract)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854257","usgsCitation":"Steele, E., 1985, Estimate of self-supplied domestic water use in Nebraska during 1980: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4257, iv, 28 p. :maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854257.","productDescription":"iv, 28 p. :maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119344,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4257/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58744,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4257/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fdd98","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, E.K.","contributorId":15666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"E.K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":30049,"text":"wri834015 - 1985 - Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:51","indexId":"wri834015","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"83-4015","title":"Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington","docAbstract":"A preliminary investigation of the effects of reservoir storage and canal diversion on the flow of the Yakima River at Union Gap , Washington indicates that those effects are measurable and substantial--on the average causing a reduction of roughly one-quarter from the unregulated flow. Preliminary computations of the unregulated flow of the Yakima River at Parker (near Union Gap) for the 1978 water year using the U.S. Bureau of Reclamation 's SSARR model indicate, however, that the computed flow figures contain inaccuracies. Further investigation of the model indicates that the inaccuracies can be substantially reduced by data checking and by using additional discharge records to improve the estimation of local inflows. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri834015","usgsCitation":"Swift, C., 1985, Phase I summary and phase II plan for comparing regulated with unregulated streamflow in the Yakima River at Union Gap, Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 83-4015, iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri834015.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122646,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58858,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1983/4015/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a881b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Swift, C.H.","contributorId":61821,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swift","given":"C.H.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29147,"text":"wri854148 - 1985 - Collecting, preparing, crossdating, and measuring tree increment cores","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:50","indexId":"wri854148","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4148","title":"Collecting, preparing, crossdating, and measuring tree increment cores","docAbstract":"Techniques for collecting and handling increment tree cores are described. Procedures include those for cleaning and caring for increment borers, extracting the sample from a tree, core surfacing, crossdating, and measuring. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854148","usgsCitation":"Phipps, R., 1985, Collecting, preparing, crossdating, and measuring tree increment cores: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4148, vii, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854148.","productDescription":"vii, 48 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":126539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4148/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58021,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4148/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae917","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Phipps, R.L.","contributorId":23985,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Phipps","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201021,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29931,"text":"wri844290 - 1985 - Harmonic analyses of stream temperatures in the Upper Colorado River Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:58","indexId":"wri844290","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4290","title":"Harmonic analyses of stream temperatures in the Upper Colorado River Basin","docAbstract":"Harmonic analyses were made for available daily water-temperature records for 36 measurement sites on major streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin and for 14 measurement sites on streams in the Piceance structural basin. Generally (88 percent of the station years analyzed), more than 80 percent of the annual variability of temperatures of streams in the Upper Colorado River Basin was explained by the simple-harmonic function. Significant trends were determined for 6 of the 26 site records having 8 years or more record. In most cases, these trends resulted from construction and operation of upstream surface-water impoundments occurring during the period of record. Regional analysis of water-temperature characteristics at the 14 streamflow sites in the Piceance structural basin indicated similarities in water-temperature characteristics for a small range of measurement-site elevations. Evaluation of information content of the daily records indicated that less-than-daily measurement intervals should be considered, resulting in substantial savings in measurement and data-processing costs. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844290","usgsCitation":"Steele, T., 1985, Harmonic analyses of stream temperatures in the Upper Colorado River Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4290, iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844290.","productDescription":"iv, 51 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":122649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4290/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58747,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4290/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a70e4b07f02db640ff6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steele, T.D.","contributorId":38976,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steele","given":"T.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":29936,"text":"wri854048 - 1985 - Controls on ground-water chemistry in the Horse Heaven Hills, south-central Washington","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854048","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4048","title":"Controls on ground-water chemistry in the Horse Heaven Hills, south-central Washington","docAbstract":"Miocene basaltic aquifers are the source of domestic and municipal water, and about 20,000 acre-feet of irrigation water annually, in the Horse Heaven Hills in south-central Washington State. Groundwater chemical variations derive from the hydraulic characteristics is of the geohydrologic system, from groundwater basalt reactions, and from irrigation. Some dissolved species concentrations increase with residence time; others decrease. Recharge area groundwaters are calcium magnesium sodium bicarbonate waters with sodium-adsorption ratios (SAR's) less than 1.0. They evolve to sodium potassium bicarbonate waters with SAR 's as high as 17. Glassy and cryptocrystalline phases of the basalt are the main sources of dissolved sodium. They dissolve by silicate hydrolysis in carbon dioxide charged waters that recharge the aquifer system. Dissolved silicon, iron, and aluminum concentrations are controlled by the solubilities of amorphous secondary alteration products, which order to silica phases, oxyhydroxides, and smectite. Carbonate mineral precipitation is induced by increasing pH from the hydrolysis reaction. Sodium and potassium concentrations increase until clinoptilolite saturation is reached and precipitation begins. Deviations from the general variation patterns are due to localized geologic structures which distort the groundwater flow system, and to the irrigation use of Columbia River water. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854048","usgsCitation":"Steinkampf, W., Bortleson, G.C., and Packard, F.A., 1985, Controls on ground-water chemistry in the Horse Heaven Hills, south-central Washington: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4048, v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854048.","productDescription":"v, 26 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123571,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4048/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58751,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4048/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db686525","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Steinkampf, W.C.","contributorId":8137,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Steinkampf","given":"W.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202386,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bortleson, Gilbert C.","contributorId":57472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bortleson","given":"Gilbert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202387,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Packard, F. A.","contributorId":71164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Packard","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202388,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":30008,"text":"wri854198 - 1985 - Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer, western Kansas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:09:03","indexId":"wri854198","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4198","title":"Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer, western Kansas","docAbstract":"The High Plains aquifer underlies 174,050 sq mi of eight states (Colorado, Kansas, Nebraska, New Mexico, Oklahoma, South Dakota, Texas, and Wyoming) and contains approximately 3.3 billion acre-ft of water in storage. Saturated thicknesses within the aquifer are as great as 600 ft near the southern border of southwest Kansas. The aquifer is replenished primarily by infiltration from precipitation. Average precipitation at the Garden City Experiment Station is 18.93 in/yr. Groundwater flow is generally from west to east under unconfined conditions. Hydraulic connection with subcropping consolidated aquifers allows ground water to flow vertically in minor quantities. The aquifer is depleted primarily by irrigation. Hydraulic conductivity estimates from 1,612 lithologic logs had an average value of 75 ft/day, with a standard deviation of 35 ft/day. Specific yields estimated from the same lithologic logs had a mean of 0.17 and a standard deviation of 0.047. Water from the High Plains aquifer in Kansas generally is suitable for human and animal consumption and irrigation of crops. Typically, it is a calcium bicarbonate type water, with concentrations of total dissolved solids ranging from 250 to 500 mg/L. The quality of water in the aquifer deteriorates toward the east due to mixing with recharge water containing dissolved minerals leached from the overlying soil and unsaturated zones and mineralized water from adjacent bedrock units. The simulated water budget for the steady state model of predevelopment (pre-1950) conditions in the High Plains aquifer in northwest Kansas showed that annual recharge to the aquifer from infiltration of precipitation was 87,000 acre-ft/yr and from boundary inflow, 21,000 acre-ft/yr. Annual discharge from the aquifer was 108,000 acre-ft/yr, including 81,000 acre-ft/yr from leakage to streams, 23,000 acre-ft from outflow at the boundaries of the aquifer, and 4,000 acre-ft from municipal and industrial pumpage. (Lantz-PTT)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources Division,","doi":"10.3133/wri854198","usgsCitation":"Stullken, L., Watts, K.R., and Lindgren, R.J., 1985, Geohydrology of the High Plains Aquifer, western Kansas: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4198, vi, 86 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854198.","productDescription":"vi, 86 p. :ill., maps (1 col.) ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123983,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4198/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58812,"rank":400,"type":{"id":17,"text":"Plate"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4198/plate-1.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":58813,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4198/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a895c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stullken, L.E.","contributorId":59049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stullken","given":"L.E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202521,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Watts, Kenneth R.","contributorId":43783,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watts","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202520,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lindgren, R. J.","contributorId":70808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindgren","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202522,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":29956,"text":"wri854020 - 1985 - Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:56","indexId":"wri854020","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4020","title":"Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico","docAbstract":"The construction of an exploratory shaft 12 feet in diameter into the Salado Formation (repository horizon for transuranic waste material) at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant site in southeastern New Mexico affected water-levels in water-bearing zones above the repository horizon. By reading the construction history of the exploratory shaft, an approximation of construction-generated hydraulic stresses at the shaft was made. The magnitude of the construction-generated stresses was calibrated using the hydrographs from one hydrologic test pad. Whereas flow rates from the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members in the Rustler Formation into the exploratory shaft were unknown, the ratio of transmissivity to storage (diffusivity) was determined by mathematically simulating the aquifers and the hydrologic stresses with flood-wave-response digital model. These results indicate that the Magenta Dolomite and Culebra Dolomite Members of the Rustler Formation can be modeled as homogeneous, isotropic, and confined water-bearing zones. One simple and consistent explanation, but by no means the only explanation, of the lack of a single diffusivity value in the Culebra aquifer is that the open-hole observation wells at the hydrologic test pads dampen the amplitude of water-level changes. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854020","usgsCitation":"Stevens, K., and Beyeler, W., 1985, Determination of diffusivities in the Rustler Formation from exploratory-shaft construction at the Waste Isolation Pilot Plant in southeastern New Mexico: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4020, v, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854020.","productDescription":"v, 32 p. :ill., map ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":123562,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4020/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58775,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4020/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa8e4b07f02db66789e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, Ken","contributorId":101264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"Ken","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202426,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Beyeler, Walt","contributorId":92306,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Beyeler","given":"Walt","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202425,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29953,"text":"wri854047 - 1985 - Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:54","indexId":"wri854047","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"85-4047","title":"Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure","docAbstract":"Two versions of a computer program to compute total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure are presented. The FORTRAN 77 language version is for use on the PRIME computer, and the BASIC language version is for use on most microcomputers. The program contains built-in limitations and input-output options that closely follow the original modified Einstein procedure. Program documentation and listings of both versions of the program are included. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri854047","usgsCitation":"Stevens, H., 1985, Computer program for the computation of total sediment discharge by the modified Einstein procedure: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 85-4047, 77 p. :ill. ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri854047.","productDescription":"77 p. :ill. ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":119461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4047/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":58772,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1985/4047/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b19e4b07f02db6a7d96","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stevens, H.H.","contributorId":90347,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stevens","given":"H.H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":202420,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":28724,"text":"wri844237 - 1985 - Occurrence of natural radium-226 radioactivity in ground water of Sarasota County, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:08:53","indexId":"wri844237","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4237","title":"Occurrence of natural radium-226 radioactivity in ground water of Sarasota County, Florida","docAbstract":"Water that contains radium-226 radioactivity in excess of the 5.0-picocurie-per-liter limit set in the National Interim Primary Drinking Water Regulations was found in the majority of wells sampled throughout Sarasota County. Highest levels were found areally near the coast or near rivers and vertically in the Tamiami-upper Hawthorn aquifer where semiconsolidated phosphate pebbles occur. Analysis of data suggests that part of the radium-226 in ground water of Sarasota County is dissolved by alpha particle recoil. In slightly mineralized water, radium-226 concentrations are decreased by ion exchange or sorption. In more mineralized water, other ions compete with radium-226 for ion exchange or sorption sites. Dissolution of minerals containing radium-226 by mineralized water probably contributes a significant fraction of the dissolved radium-226. Two types of mineralized water were present in Sarasota County. One type is a marine-like water, presumably associated with saltwater encroachment in coastal areas; the other is a calcium magnesium strontium surfate bicarbonate type. In general, water that contains high radium-226 radioactivities also contains too much water hardness or dissolved solids to be used for public supply without treatment that would also reduce radium-226 radioactivities. (USGS)","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey,","doi":"10.3133/wri844237","usgsCitation":"Miller, R.L., and Sutcliffe, H., 1985, Occurrence of natural radium-226 radioactivity in ground water of Sarasota County, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4237, vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844237.","productDescription":"vi, 34 p. :ill., maps ;28 cm.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":118905,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4237/report-thumb.jpg"},{"id":57553,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4237/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f7e4b07f02db5f1e5d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miller, R. L.","contributorId":54178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sutcliffe, Horace","contributorId":28598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sutcliffe","given":"Horace","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":200293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":29164,"text":"wri844135 - 1985 - Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer in Osceola, eastern Orange, and southwestern Brevard counties, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-21T19:10:10.406041","indexId":"wri844135","displayToPublicDate":"1994-01-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"1985","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":342,"text":"Water-Resources Investigations Report","code":"WRI","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"84-4135","title":"Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer in Osceola, eastern Orange, and southwestern Brevard counties, Florida","docAbstract":"The city of Melbourne and adjacent areas in south Brevard County obtain their water supply from Lake Washington. As of 1982, the lake could provide a maximum of 15 million gallons per day but the projected need for the year 2000 is nearly three times that amount. As one alternative for a future water supply, this study investigated with a digital model, the potential yields of well fields completed in the Floridan aquifer. Seven pumping schemes were simulated with the digital model. Each simulation was made under steady-state conditions so that storage properties of the ground-water system were not included. The most advantageous area for ground-water development was in central Osceola County. Poor quality of water precluded locating a well field within Brevard County. If the ground-water alternative is chosen for the future supply, an observation well network is advisable to monitor head changes; chloride concentration trends east of the pumping centers; and chloride concentration trends in zones below the pumped zone.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/wri844135","usgsCitation":"Planert, M., and Aucott, W.R., 1985, Water-supply potential of the Floridan aquifer in Osceola, eastern Orange, and southwestern Brevard counties, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Water-Resources Investigations Report 84-4135, vi 69 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/wri844135.","productDescription":"vi 69 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":407159,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_36012.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":58039,"rank":300,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4135/report.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":126354,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/wri/1984/4135/report-thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","county":"Brevard County, Orange County, Osceola County","otherGeospatial":"Floridan aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -81.662,\n 27.819\n ],\n [\n -80.537,\n 27.819\n ],\n [\n -80.537,\n 28.585\n ],\n [\n -81.662,\n 28.585\n ],\n [\n -81.662,\n 27.819\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4d50","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Planert, Michael","contributorId":56659,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Planert","given":"Michael","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aucott, W. R.","contributorId":64288,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aucott","given":"W.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":201061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}