The U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board, evaluated historical channel adjustment and estimated selected hydraulic values at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations in the lower Sabine River Basin in Texas and Louisiana and lower Brazos River Basin in Texas to support geomorphic assessments of the Texas Instream Flow Program. Channel attributes including cross-section geometry, slope, and planform change were evaluated to learn how each river's morphology changed over the years in response to natural and anthropogenic disturbances. Historical and contemporary cross-sectional channel geometries at several gaging stations on each river were compared, planform changes were assessed, and hydraulic values were estimated including mean flow velocity, bed shear stress, Froude numbers, and hydraulic depth. The primary sources of historical channel morphology information were U.S. Geological Survey hard-copy discharge-measurement field notes. Additional analyses were done using computations of selected flow hydraulics, comparisons of historical and contemporary aerial photographs, comparisons of historical and contemporary ground photographs, evaluations of how frequently stage-discharge rating curves were updated, reviews of stage-discharge relations for field measurements, and considerations of bridge and reservoir construction activities. Based on historical cross sections at three gaging stations downstream from Toledo Bend Reservoir, the lower Sabine River is relatively stable, but is subject to substantial temporary scour-and-fill processes during floods. Exceptions to this characterization of relative stability include an episode of channel aggradation at the Sabine River near Bon Wier, Texas, during the 1930s, and about 2 to 3 feet of channel incision at the Sabine River near Burkeville, Texas, since the late 1950s. The Brazos River, at gaging stations downstream from Waco, Texas, has adjusted to a combination of hydrologic, sedimentary, and anthropogenic controls. Since the 1960s, numerous point bars have vertically accreted and vegetation has encroached along the channel margins, which probably promotes channel-bed incision to compensate for a reduction in cross-sectional area. Channel incision was detected at all gaging stations along the Brazos River, and the depth of incision is greatest in the lowermost gaging stations, exemplified by about 5 feet of channel-bed incision between 1993 and 2004 at Richmond, Texas. One notable exception to this pattern of incision was a period of aggradation at U.S. Geological Survey gaging station 08096500 Brazos River at Waco, Texas, during the late 1920s and 1930s, probably associated with upstream dam construction. Lateral channel migration rates along the Brazos River determined from aerial photographs are greatest between Waco and Hempstead, Texas, with numerous bends moving an average of more than 10 feet per year. Migration rates at selected bends downstream from Hempstead were measured as less than 10 feet per year, on average. Two tributaries of the Brazos River, the Little and Navasota Rivers, also were investigated for historical channel adjustment. The Little River near Cameron, Texas (08106500) has incised its channel bed about 12 feet since 1949, and the lower Navasota River shows complex adjustment to bridge construction activities and a channel avulsion.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Texas Water Development Board","usgsCitation":"Heitmuller, F.T., and Greene, L.E., 2009, Historical Channel Adjustment and Estimates of Selected Hydraulic Values in the Lower Sabine River and Lower Brazos River Basins, Texas and Louisiana: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5174, xii, 144 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095174.","productDescription":"xii, 144 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5174.jpg"},{"id":12988,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,27 ], [ -98,33 ], [ -93,33 ], [ -93,27 ], [ -98,27 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b25e4b07f02db6aedc3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Heitmuller, Franklin T.","contributorId":67476,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Heitmuller","given":"Franklin","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303239,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Greene, Lauren E.","contributorId":22868,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Greene","given":"Lauren","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303238,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70205495,"text":"70205495 - 2009 - Book review: River ice breakup, by Spyros Beltaos","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T13:09:33","indexId":"70205495","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T13:05:21","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":894,"text":"Arctic","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: River ice breakup, by Spyros Beltaos","docAbstract":"No abstract available
","language":"English","publisher":"Arctic Institute of North America","doi":"10.14430/arctic138","usgsCitation":"Huntington, T.G., 2009, Book review: River ice breakup, by Spyros Beltaos: Arctic, v. 62, no. 2, p. 244-246, https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic138.","productDescription":"3 p.","startPage":"244","endPage":"246","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":488835,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.14430/arctic138","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":367554,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"62","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-09-11","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huntington, Thomas G. 0000-0002-9427-3530 thunting@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9427-3530","contributorId":117440,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huntington","given":"Thomas","email":"thunting@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":771414,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97814,"text":"fs20093062 - 2009 - Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination: Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-30T18:20:28.868964","indexId":"fs20093062","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3062","title":"Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination: Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida","docAbstract":"This fact sheet highlights findings from the vulnerability study of a public-supply well in Temple Terrace, Florida, northeast of Tampa. The well selected for study typically produces water at the rate of 700 gallons per minute from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Water samples were collected at the public-supply well and at monitoring wells installed in or near the simulated zone of contribution to the supply well. Samples of untreated water from the public-supply wellhead contained the undesirable constituents nitrate, arsenic, uranium, radon-222, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), and pesticides, although all were detected at concentrations less than established drinking-water standards, where such standards exist. \r\n\r\n\r\nOverall, study findings point to four primary factors that affect the movement and fate of contaminants and the vulnerability of the public-supply well in Temple Terrace: (1) groundwater age (how long ago water entered, or recharged, the aquifer); (2) short-circuiting of contaminated water through sinkholes; (3) natural geochemical processes within the aquifer; and (4) pumping stress.\r\n\r\n\r\nAlthough the public-supply well is completed in the Upper Floridan aquifer, it produces water with concentrations of nitrate, VOCs, and the natural contaminant radon that are intermediate between the typical composition of water from the Upper Floridan aquifer and that of the overlying surficial aquifer system. Mixing calculations show that the water produced by the public-supply well could consist of upwards of 50 percent water from the surficial aquifer system mixed with water from the Upper Floridan aquifer. Anthropogenically affected water from the surficial aquifer system travels rapidly to depth through sinkholes that must be directly connected to the cavernous zone intersected by the public-supply well (and several other production wells in the region). Such solution features serve as fast pathways to the well and circumvent the natural attenuation of nitrate and radon that occurs when water from the surficial aquifer flows downward through the confining unit and then through the Upper Floridan aquifer matrix. Roughly 50 percent of the simulated flow to the public-supply well consists of water less than about 10 years old, thus making the well vulnerable to contamination from human activities.\r\n\r\nSampling at various depths in the public-supply well during pumping and nonpumping conditions showed that water entering the well from the cavernous zone had much higher arsenic concentrations during pumping conditions (18.9 ug/L) than during nonpumping conditions (4.2 ug/L). This implies that movement of arsenic to the public-supply well from the cavernous zone is enhanced by pumping. One possible explanation is that pumping increases the movement of water with elevated dissolved oxygen content through the cavernous zone, which causes dissolution of arsenic associated with pyrite. \r\n\r\n\r\nAll public-supply wells in the area may not have the same level of vulnerability as the well studied - many of the public-supply wells in the region have lower pumping rates and longer open intervals that may draw in a larger proportion of old water that predates anthropogenic influences. Determining the similarity of water produced by various public-supply wells in the region to that of the surficial aquifer system is one measure of well vulnerability that could be used to prioritize monitoring and land-use planning efforts to protect the most vulnerable wells.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093062","usgsCitation":"Jagucki, M.L., Katz, B.G., Crandall, C.A., and Eberts, S., 2009, Assessing the vulnerability of public-supply wells to contamination: Floridan aquifer system near Tampa, Florida: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3062, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093062.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118565,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3062.jpg"},{"id":402773,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87196.htm"},{"id":12986,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3062/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Florida","city":"Tampa, Temple Terrance","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -82.42561340332031,\n 28.031682624216092\n ],\n [\n -82.36106872558594,\n 28.031682624216092\n ],\n [\n -82.36106872558594,\n 28.0681935691687\n ],\n [\n -82.42561340332031,\n 28.0681935691687\n ],\n [\n -82.42561340332031,\n 28.031682624216092\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db672a7c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jagucki, Martha L. 0000-0003-3798-8393 mjagucki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3798-8393","contributorId":1794,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jagucki","given":"Martha","email":"mjagucki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303236,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303235,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Crandall, Christy A. crandall@usgs.gov","contributorId":1091,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crandall","given":"Christy","email":"crandall@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303234,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Eberts, Sandra M. smeberts@usgs.gov","contributorId":2264,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberts","given":"Sandra M.","email":"smeberts@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303237,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97811,"text":"ofr20091174 - 2009 - Seismic Velocities and Thicknesses of Alluvial Deposits along Baker Creek in the Great Basin National Park, East-Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20091174","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1174","title":"Seismic Velocities and Thicknesses of Alluvial Deposits along Baker Creek in the Great Basin National Park, East-Central Nevada","docAbstract":"To better understand how proposed large-scale water withdrawals in Snake Valley may affect the water resources and hydrologic processes in the Great Basin National Park, the National Park Service needs to have a better understanding of the relations between streamflow and groundwater flow through alluvium and karst topography of the Pole Canyon Limestone. Information that is critical to understanding these relations is the thickness of alluvial deposits that overlay the Pole Canyon Limestone.\r\n\r\nIn mid-April 2009, the U.S. Geological Survey and National Park Service used seismic refraction along three profiles adjacent to Baker Creek to further refine understanding of the local geology. Two refractors and three distinct velocity layers were detected along two of the profiles and a single refractor and two distinct velocity layers were detected along a third profile.\r\n\r\nIn the unsaturated alluvium, average velocity was 2,000 feet per second, thickness ranged from about 7 to 20 feet along two profiles downstream of the Narrows, and thickness was at least 100 feet along a single profile upstream of the Narrows. Saturated alluvium was only present downstream of the Narrows - average velocity was 4,400 feet per second, and thickness ranged from about 40 to 110 feet. The third layer probably represented Pole Canyon Limestone or Tertiary granitic rock units with an average velocity of 12,500 feet per second. Along the upstream and middle profiles (profiles 3 and 1, respectively), the depth to top of the third layer ranged from at least 60 to 110 feet below land surface and is most likely the Pole Canyon Limestone. The third layer at the farthest downstream profile (profile 2) may be a Tertiary granitic rock unit.\r\n\r\nBaker Creek is disconnected from the groundwater system along the upstream profile (profile 3) and streamflow losses infiltrate vertically downward to the Pole Canyon Limestone. Along the downstream and middle profiles (profiles 2 and 1, respectively), the presence of a shallow water table indicates that low permeability Tertiary granitic rock may extend across the Baker Creek Drainage intersecting the Pole Canyon Limestone. The Tertiary granitic rock may be acting as a barrier to groundwater flow within the Pole Canyon Limestone.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091174","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Allander, K.K., and Berger, D.L., 2009, Seismic Velocities and Thicknesses of Alluvial Deposits along Baker Creek in the Great Basin National Park, East-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1174, iv, 15 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091174.","productDescription":"iv, 15 p.","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118529,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1174.jpg"},{"id":12983,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1174/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114.5,38.666666666666664 ], [ -114.5,39.166666666666664 ], [ -114,39.166666666666664 ], [ -114,38.666666666666664 ], [ -114.5,38.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fcfb7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Berger, David L. dlberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1861,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"David","email":"dlberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97810,"text":"fs20093047 - 2009 - SEAWAT: A Computer Program for Simulation of Variable-Density Groundwater Flow and Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:32","indexId":"fs20093047","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3047","title":"SEAWAT: A Computer Program for Simulation of Variable-Density Groundwater Flow and Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport","docAbstract":"SEAWAT is a MODFLOW-based computer program designed to simulate variable-density groundwater flow coupled with multi-species solute and heat transport. The program has been used for a wide variety of groundwater studies including saltwater intrusion in coastal aquifers, aquifer storage and recovery in brackish limestone aquifers, and brine migration within continental aquifers. SEAWAT is relatively easy to apply because it uses the familiar MODFLOW structure. Thus, most commonly used pre- and post-processors can be used to create datasets and visualize results. SEAWAT is a public domain computer program distributed free of charge by the U.S. Geological Survey.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093047","usgsCitation":"Langevin, C.D., 2009, SEAWAT: A Computer Program for Simulation of Variable-Density Groundwater Flow and Multi-Species Solute and Heat Transport: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3047, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093047.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126846,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3047.jpg"},{"id":12982,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3047/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ee4b07f02db5fe0d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langevin, Christian D. 0000-0001-5610-9759 langevin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5610-9759","contributorId":1030,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langevin","given":"Christian","email":"langevin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":37778,"text":"WMA - Integrated Modeling and Prediction Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97812,"text":"sir20095198 - 2009 - Geomorphic classification of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-25T14:01:28","indexId":"sir20095198","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5198","title":"Geomorphic classification of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska","docAbstract":"Geomorphic attributes were collected from natural color aerial orthophotography to develop a multiscale classification for the downstream-most 220 kilometers of the Platte River in eastern Nebraska. The intent of this classification is to define discrete reaches that have geomorphic characteristics favorable to endangered interior least terns (Sternula antillarum) and threatened piping plovers (Charadrius melodus) who use riverine sandbars for nesting habitat. Annual to daily fluctuations in discharge present a challenge to characterizing emergent sandbar habitat directly from existing aerial orthophotography for the Platte River. Therefore, this classification is based on geomorphic measures that are relatively insensitive to prevailing river discharge but may be physically related to emergent sandbar locations. Such features include valley width, channel width, and sinuosity. The results provide four-cluster and seven-cluster classifications for the Lower Platte River based on naturally occurring, statistically determined clusters of features. The classification was validated using tern and plover nest data for 2006–08. Forty-nine percent of the nest locations fell within the same class type in the four-cluster classification, which represented 18 percent of the study area. This class is found primarily in the Eastern Platte River Gorge, downstream from Salt Creek and upstream from the junction of the Platte River with the Missouri River.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095198","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Elliott, C.M., Huhmann, B.L., and Jacobson, R.B., 2009, Geomorphic classification of the Lower Platte River, Nebraska: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5198, vi, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095198.","productDescription":"vi, 30 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125685,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5198.jpg"},{"id":341769,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5198/pdf/SIR09-5198.pdf","text":"Report","size":"6.3 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12984,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5198/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Nebraska","otherGeospatial":"Lower Platte River","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.83333333333333,40.75 ], [ -97.83333333333333,41.75 ], [ -95.75,41.75 ], [ -95.75,40.75 ], [ -97.83333333333333,40.75 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c577","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Elliott, Caroline M. 0000-0002-9190-7462 celliott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9190-7462","contributorId":2380,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"Caroline","email":"celliott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303229,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Huhmann, Brittany L.","contributorId":31725,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huhmann","given":"Brittany","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303230,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jacobson, Robert B. 0000-0002-8368-2064 rjacobson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8368-2064","contributorId":1289,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacobson","given":"Robert","email":"rjacobson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97813,"text":"ofr20091166 - 2009 - Downsizer - A Graphical User Interface-Based Application for Browsing, Acquiring, and Formatting Time-Series Data for Hydrologic Modeling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:30","indexId":"ofr20091166","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-11T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1166","title":"Downsizer - A Graphical User Interface-Based Application for Browsing, Acquiring, and Formatting Time-Series Data for Hydrologic Modeling","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey Downsizer is a computer application that selects, downloads, verifies, and formats station-based time-series data for environmental-resource models, particularly the Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System. Downsizer implements the client-server software architecture. The client presents a map-based, graphical user interface that is intuitive to modelers; the server provides streamflow and climate time-series data from over 40,000 measurement stations across the United States. This report is the Downsizer user's manual and provides (1) an overview of the software design, (2) installation instructions, (3) a description of the graphical user interface, (4) a description of selected output files, and (5) troubleshooting information.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091166","usgsCitation":"Ward-Garrison, C., Markstrom, S., and Hay, L.E., 2009, Downsizer - A Graphical User Interface-Based Application for Browsing, Acquiring, and Formatting Time-Series Data for Hydrologic Modeling: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1166, iv, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091166.","productDescription":"iv, 27 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125480,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1166.jpg"},{"id":12985,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1166/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a54e4b07f02db62c1bd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ward-Garrison, Christian","contributorId":85682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ward-Garrison","given":"Christian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303233,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":303232,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303231,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236471,"text":"70236471 - 2009 - Fire in the southwest: Integrating fire into management of changing ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T12:06:04.927746","indexId":"70236471","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-08T07:02:54","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1636,"text":"Fire Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Fire in the southwest: Integrating fire into management of changing ecosystems","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.4996/fireecology.0501001","usgsCitation":"Sieg, C.H., Fule, P.Z., Hunter, M.E., Allen, C.D., Brooks, M.L., and Balice, R.G., 2009, Fire in the southwest: Integrating fire into management of changing ecosystems: Fire Ecology, v. 5, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0501001.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476065,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.4996/fireecology.0501001","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406358,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-04-01","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sieg, Carolyn Hull","contributorId":73515,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sieg","given":"Carolyn","email":"","middleInitial":"Hull","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851135,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Fule, Peter Z","contributorId":238087,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Fule","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"Z","affiliations":[{"id":12698,"text":"Northern Arizona University","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":851136,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hunter, Molly E.","contributorId":191026,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Hunter","given":"Molly","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851137,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Allen, Craig D. 0000-0002-8777-5989 craig_allen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8777-5989","contributorId":2597,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allen","given":"Craig","email":"craig_allen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":291,"text":"Fort Collins Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":290,"text":"Forest and Rangeland Ecosystem Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851138,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Brooks, Matthew L. 0000-0002-3518-6787 mlbrooks@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3518-6787","contributorId":393,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brooks","given":"Matthew","email":"mlbrooks@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851139,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Balice, Randy G.","contributorId":296282,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Balice","given":"Randy","email":"","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851140,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":70236470,"text":"70236470 - 2009 - San Andreas array failure is only a temporary setback","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T11:55:34.890062","indexId":"70236470","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-08T06:53:39","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2840,"text":"Nature","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"San Andreas array failure is only a temporary setback","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Nature","doi":"10.1038/459909c","usgsCitation":"Zoback, M.D., Ellsworth, W.L., and Hickman, S.H., 2009, San Andreas array failure is only a temporary setback: Nature, v. 459, p. 909-909, https://doi.org/10.1038/459909c.","productDescription":"1 p.","startPage":"909","endPage":"909","costCenters":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476066,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/459909c","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":406357,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"459","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-17","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Zoback, Mark D.","contributorId":29431,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Zoback","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":851132,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ellsworth, William L. ellsworth@usgs.gov","contributorId":787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ellsworth","given":"William","email":"ellsworth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851133,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hickman, Stephen H. 0000-0003-2075-9615 hickman@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2075-9615","contributorId":2705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hickman","given":"Stephen","email":"hickman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70236469,"text":"70236469 - 2009 - Foreword: A virtual congress on palaeolimnology—Palaeolimnological proxies as tools for environmental reconstruction in fresh water","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-08T11:46:48.388964","indexId":"70236469","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-08T06:42:15","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1919,"text":"Hydrobiologia","onlineIssn":"1573-5117","printIssn":"0018-8158","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreword: A virtual congress on palaeolimnology—Palaeolimnological proxies as tools for environmental reconstruction in fresh water","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s10750-009-9805-x","usgsCitation":"Buczko, K., Korponai, J., Padisak, J., and Starratt, S.W., 2009, Foreword: A virtual congress on palaeolimnology—Palaeolimnological proxies as tools for environmental reconstruction in fresh water: Hydrobiologia, v. 631, p. 1-2, https://doi.org/10.1007/s10750-009-9805-x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"2","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406356,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"631","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-05-19","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buczko, Krisztina","contributorId":296279,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Buczko","given":"Krisztina","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851128,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Korponai, Janos","contributorId":296280,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Korponai","given":"Janos","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Padisak, Judit","contributorId":296281,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Padisak","given":"Judit","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":851130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Starratt, Scott W. 0000-0001-9405-1746 sstarrat@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9405-1746","contributorId":2891,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Starratt","given":"Scott","email":"sstarrat@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":851131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70236403,"text":"70236403 - 2009 - Review of impacts of contaminated sediment on microfaunal communities in the Southern California Bight","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T12:24:53.76905","indexId":"70236403","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-06T07:21:47","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Review of impacts of contaminated sediment on microfaunal communities in the Southern California Bight","docAbstract":"A comparison of foraminiferal faunal trends in pristine and impacted regions on the continental shelf and slope of the Southern California Bight, as well as variations in the temporal foraminiferal distribution patterns from 1955 to 1998, suggest that the benthic microfaunal communities have been greatly affected by the presence of contaminated sediment near the major outfall sites. Six species were most impacted: Trochammina pacifica, Bulimina denudata, Eggerella advena, Buliminella elegantissima, Nonionella stella, and Nonionella basispinata. The silver contaminant-tolerant and organic-waste indicating species Trochammina pacifica and Bulimina denudata dominated the outfall regions in the mid-century but declined in abundance in the 1990s after sewage treatment and sludge disposal activities improved. Over the same time period, the abundance of Eggerella advena, a pioneer colonizer of formerly impacted waste-discharge sites tolerant of most trace-metal and organic contaminants, increased dramatically on the shelf, whereas Buliminella elegantissima, a nitrogen-favoring taxon, dominated the nearshore regions except at the pristine site. In contrast, the contaminant-sensitive species Nonionella stella and Nonionella basi-spinata dominated the shelf assemblages in pristine to low-impacted areas in the late 1950s and early 1960s but were rare to absent near the outfalls, even after remediation efforts were put into effect. Although most other species patterns, as well as the amphipod survival and sea urchin fertilization tests, show that the enhanced sewage treatment programs improved sediment conditions, the inability of Nonionella stella and Nonionella basispinata to reinhabit formerly colonized areas suggests that not all faunal trends have returned to pre- or early-outfall levels even with remediation. The sensitivity of foraminifers to the presence of contaminated sediments suggests that they are a useful tool in evaluating the impact of anthropogenic contamination on microfaunal communities.
","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/2009.2454(6.3)","usgsCitation":"McGann, M., 2009, Review of impacts of contaminated sediment on microfaunal communities in the Southern California Bight: GSA Special Papers, v. 454, 43 p., https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.2454(6.3).","productDescription":"43 p.","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":406228,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ],\n [\n -116.01562499999999,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 34.813803317113155\n ],\n [\n -121.06933593749999,\n 32.54681317351514\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"454","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McGann, Mary 0000-0002-3057-2945 mmcgann@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3057-2945","contributorId":169540,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McGann","given":"Mary","email":"mmcgann@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":186,"text":"Coastal and Marine Geology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":850902,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70236402,"text":"70236402 - 2009 - Prologue","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-06T12:01:22.465547","indexId":"70236402","displayToPublicDate":"2009-09-06T06:58:03","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1727,"text":"GSA Special Papers","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Prologue","docAbstract":"The Southern California Continental Borderland and the associated Western Transverse Ranges constitute one of the most distinctive environments on the west coast of North America. Current thinking indicates that the physiography of the region resulted from change in plate motion during the Miocene when a remnant of the Farallon Plate was captured by the Pacific Plate off Southern California. This capture led to extensional deformation of the major upper plates within the subduction zone, rotation and translation of large crustal blocks in the region, and widespread volcanism (e.g., Nicholson et al., 1994). The continental microplate that encompasses the Western Transverse Ranges province eventually rotated at least 90° clockwise, and intense crustal extension affected parts of the region that became the Borderland. Subsequent deformation, including the development of the San Andreas Fault system, led to north-south compression in parts of the region and possible westward escape of crustal blocks. The resulting complex configuration of basins and ranges continues to be seismically active and contains small-scale examples of such physiographic features as canyons, fans, and continental slopes that bear strong similarity to much larger features found in the major oceanic basins.
Between January 1 and December 31, 2008, the Alaska Volcano Observatory (AVO) located 7,097 earthquakes of which 5,318 occurred within 20 kilometers of the 33 volcanoes monitored by the AVO. Monitoring highlights in 2008 include the eruptions of Okmok Caldera, and Kasatochi Volcano, as well as increased unrest at Mount Veniaminof and Redoubt Volcano. This catalog includes descriptions of: (1) locations of seismic instrumentation deployed during 2008; (2) earthquake detection, recording, analysis, and data archival systems; (3) seismic velocity models used for earthquake locations; (4) a summary of earthquakes located in 2008; and (5) an accompanying UNIX tar-file with a summary of earthquake origin times, hypocenters, magnitudes, phase arrival times, location quality statistics, daily station usage statistics, and all files used to determine the earthquake locations in 2008.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds467","usgsCitation":"Dixon, J.P., and Stihler, S.D., 2009, Catalog of earthquake hypocenters at Alaskan volcanoes: January 1 through December 31, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 467, Report: iv, 86 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds467.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 86 p.; Seismic Catalog Zip File","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118590,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_467.jpg"},{"id":414557,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87192.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12977,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/467/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -143.5,\n 62.0333\n ],\n [\n -178.4,\n 62.0333\n ],\n [\n -178.4,\n 51.5167\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 51.9167\n ],\n [\n -143.5,\n 62.0333\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6f7d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Dixon, James P. 0000-0002-8478-9971 jpdixon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8478-9971","contributorId":3163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dixon","given":"James","email":"jpdixon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303219,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Stihler, Scott D.","contributorId":31373,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stihler","given":"Scott","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303220,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ]}