{"pageNumber":"2008","pageRowStart":"50175","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":70156661,"text":"70156661 - 2009 - Composition and source of salinity of ore-bearing fluids in Cu-Au systems of the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-28T16:47:04.286041","indexId":"70156661","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Composition and source of salinity of ore-bearing fluids in Cu-Au systems of the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil","docAbstract":"<p><span>The composition and Cl/Br &ndash; NaCl ratios of highly saline aqueous inclusions from large tonnage (&gt; 100 t) IOCG deposits (Sossego, Alvo 118, and Igarap&eacute; Bahia) and a Paleoproterozoic intrusion-related Cu-Au-(Mo-W-Bi-Sn) deposit (Breves; &lt; 50 Mt)) in the Caraj&aacute;s Mineral Province have been analysed by LA-ICP-MS and ion chromatography. In both Cu-Au systems, brine inclusions are Ca-dominated (5 to 10 times more than in porphyry Cu-Au fluids), and contain percent level concentrations of Na and K. IOCG inclusion fluids, however, contain higher Sr, Ba, Pb, and Zn concentrations, but significantly less Bi, than the intrusion-related Breves inclusion fluids. Cu is consistently below detection limits in brine inclusions from the IOCG and intrusion-related systems and Fe was not detected in the latter. Cl/Br and Na/Cl ratios of the IOCG inclusion fluids range from entirely evaporative brines (bittern fluids; e.g. Igarap&eacute; Bahia and Alvo 118) to values that indicate mixing with magma-derived brines. Cl/Br and Na/Cl ratios of the Breves inclusion fluids strongly suggest the involvement of magmatic brines, but that possibly also incorporated bittern fluids. Collectively, these data demonstrate that residual evaporative and magmatic brines were important components of the fluid regime involved in the formation of Cu-Au systems in the Caraj&aacute;s Mineral Province.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smart science for exploration and mining : proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Biennial SGA Meeting: Smart Science for Exploration and Mining","conferenceDate":"August 17-20, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Townsville, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"James Cook University School of Earth & Environmental Studies. Economic Geology Research Unit","usgsCitation":"Xavier, R., Rusk, B., Emsbo, P., and Monteiro, L., 2009, Composition and source of salinity of ore-bearing fluids in Cu-Au systems of the Carajás Mineral Province, Brazil, <i>in</i> Smart science for exploration and mining : proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009, Townsville, Australia, August 17-20, 2009.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015896","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307446,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Brazil","otherGeospatial":"Carajás Mineral Province","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -56.31591796875,\n              -7.776308503776192\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.31591796875,\n              -2.8991526985043006\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.94384765625,\n              -2.8991526985043006\n            ],\n            [\n              -49.94384765625,\n              -7.776308503776192\n            ],\n            [\n              -56.31591796875,\n              -7.776308503776192\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dd91afe4b0518e354dd13f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Xavier, Roberto","contributorId":147006,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Xavier","given":"Roberto","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569836,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Rusk, Brian","contributorId":53519,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rusk","given":"Brian","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569837,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Emsbo, Poul 0000-0001-9421-201X pemsbo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9421-201X","contributorId":997,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Emsbo","given":"Poul","email":"pemsbo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":569838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Monteiro, Lena","contributorId":147007,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Monteiro","given":"Lena","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156818,"text":"70156818 - 2009 - Gold deposit styles and placer gold characterisation in northern and east-central Madagascar","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-29T15:22:17.894578","indexId":"70156818","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Gold deposit styles and placer gold characterisation in northern and east-central Madagascar","docAbstract":"<p><span>Microchemical characterisation of bedrock and placer gold grains from six gold districts within the Archaean domains and intervening Neoproterozoic Anaboriana-Manampotsy belt of northern and east-central Madagascar show few opaque inclusions (e.g pyrrhotite, Bi tellurides) but wide range of Ag contents (40wt%). Some districts exhibit multiple source populations of grains. The &lsquo;greenstone belt&rsquo; terranes have an orogenic gold signature locally with an intrusion-related to epithermal overprint. Proterozoic metasediments with felsic to ultramafic bodies yield dominantly intrusion-related gold. A high proportion of secondary gold (&lt;0.5wt% Ag) is related to recycling of paleoplacers and erosion of post-Gondwana planation surfaces and indicates that some mesothermal gold systems were already partially to wholly removed by erosion by the PermoTriassic.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Smart science for exploration and mining: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"10th Biennial SGA Meeting: Smart Science for Exploration and Mining","conferenceDate":"August 17-20, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Townsville, Australia","language":"English","publisher":"James Cook University School of Earth & Environmental Studies. Economic Geology Research Unit","usgsCitation":"Pitfield, P.E., Styles, M.T., Taylor, C.D., Key, R.M., Bauer, W., and Ralison, A.V., 2009, Gold deposit styles and placer gold characterisation in northern and east-central Madagascar, <i>in</i> Smart science for exploration and mining: Proceedings of the 10th Biennial SGA Meeting, Townsville, Australia 17th-20th August 2009, Townsville, Australia, August 17-20, 2009, 3 p.","productDescription":"3 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012321","costCenters":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307689,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Madagascar","otherGeospatial":"North and east-central Madagascar","geographicExtents":"{\"type\":\"FeatureCollection\",\"features\":[{\"type\":\"Feature\",\"geometry\":{\"type\":\"Polygon\",\"coordinates\":[[[49.54352,-12.46983],[49.80898,-12.89528],[50.05651,-13.55576],[50.21743,-14.75879],[50.47654,-15.22651],[50.37711,-15.70607],[50.20027,-16.00026],[49.86061,-15.41425],[49.67261,-15.7102],[49.86334,-16.45104],[49.77456,-16.87504],[49.49861,-17.10604],[49.43562,-17.95306],[49.04179,-19.11878],[48.54854,-20.49689],[47.93075,-22.3915],[47.54772,-23.78196],[47.09576,-24.94163],[46.28248,-25.17846],[45.40951,-25.60143],[44.83357,-25.3461],[44.03972,-24.98835],[43.76377,-24.46068],[43.69778,-23.57412],[43.34565,-22.7769],[43.25419,-22.05741],[43.4333,-21.33648],[43.89368,-21.16331],[43.89637,-20.83046],[44.37433,-20.07237],[44.4644,-19.43545],[44.23242,-18.96199],[44.04298,-18.33139],[43.96308,-17.40994],[44.31247,-16.8505],[44.44652,-16.21622],[44.94494,-16.17937],[45.50273,-15.97437],[45.87299,-15.79345],[46.31224,-15.78002],[46.88218,-15.21018],[47.70513,-14.5943],[48.00521,-14.09123],[47.86905,-13.66387],[48.29383,-13.78407],[48.84506,-13.08917],[48.86351,-12.48787],[49.19465,-12.04056],[49.54352,-12.46983]]]},\"properties\":{\"name\":\"Madagascar\"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e18633e4b05561fa206abd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pitfield, Peter E. J","contributorId":119666,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pitfield","given":"Peter","email":"","middleInitial":"E. J","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570669,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Styles, Michael T.","contributorId":147183,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Styles","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570670,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Taylor, Cliff D. 0000-0001-6376-6298 ctaylor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6376-6298","contributorId":1283,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Taylor","given":"Cliff","email":"ctaylor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570671,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Key, Roger M.","contributorId":119897,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Key","given":"Roger","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570672,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Bauer, Wilfried Wilfried","contributorId":120424,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bauer","given":"Wilfried","suffix":"Wilfried","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570673,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Ralison, A Vonimanitra Vonimanitra","contributorId":119556,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ralison","given":"A","suffix":"Vonimanitra","email":"","middleInitial":"Vonimanitra","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570674,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97774,"text":"sir20095155 - 2009 - Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"sir20095155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5155","title":"Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada","docAbstract":"The Walker River is the main source of inflow to Walker Lake, a closed-basin lake in west-central Nevada. Between 1882 and 2008, agricultural diversions resulted in a lake-level decline of more than 150 feet and storage loss of 7,400,000 acre-ft. Evaporative concentration increased dissolved solids from 2,500 to 17,000 milligrams per liter. The increase in salinity threatens the survival of the Lahontan cutthroat trout, a native species listed as threatened under the Endangered Species Act. This report describes the hydrologic setting of the Walker River basin and a conceptual hydrologic model of the relations among streams, groundwater, and Walker Lake with emphasis on the lower Walker River basin from Wabuska to Hawthorne, Nevada. \r\n\r\nThe Walker River basin is about 3,950 square miles and straddles the California-Nevada border. Most streamflow originates as snowmelt in the Sierra Nevada. Spring runoff from the Sierra Nevada typically reaches its peak during late May to early June with as much as 2,800 cubic feet per second in the Walker River near Wabuska. Typically, 3 to 4 consecutive years of below average streamflow are followed by 1 or 2 years of average or above average streamflow.\r\n\r\nMountain ranges are comprised of consolidated rocks with low hydraulic conductivities, but consolidated rocks transmit water where fractured. Unconsolidated sediments include fluvial deposits along the active channel of the Walker River, valley floors, alluvial slopes, and a playa. Sand and gravel deposited by the Walker River likely are discontinuous strata throughout the valley floor. Thick clay strata likely were deposited in Pleistocene Lake Lahontan and are horizontally continuous, except where strata have been eroded by the Walker River. At Walker Lake, sediments mostly are clay interbedded with alluvial slope, fluvial, and deltaic deposits along the lake margins. Coarse sediments form a multilayered, confined-aquifer system that could extend several miles from the shoreline.\r\n\r\nDepth to bedrock in the lower Walker River basin ranges from about 900 to 2,000 feet. The average hydraulic conductivity of the alluvial aquifer in the lower Walker River basin is 10-30 feet per day, except where comprised of fluvial sediments. Fluvial sediments along the Walker River have an average hydraulic conductivity of 70 feet per day. Subsurface flow was estimated to be 2,700 acre-feet per year through Double Spring. Subsurface discharge to Walker Lake was estimated to be 4,400 acre-feet per year from the south and 10,400 acre-feet per year from the north.\r\n\r\nGroundwater levels and groundwater storage have declined steadily in most of Smith and Mason Valleys since 1960. Groundwater levels around Schurz, Nevada, have changed little during the past 50 years. In the Whisky Flat area south of Hawthorne, Nevada, agricultural and municipal pumpage has lowered groundwater levels since 1956. The water-level decline in Walker Lake since 1882 has caused the surrounding alluvial aquifer to drain and groundwater levels to decline.\r\n\r\nThe Wabuska streamflow-gaging station in northern Mason Valley demarcates the upper and lower Walker River basin. The hydrology of the lower Walker River basin is considerably different than the upper basin. The upper basin consists of valleys separated by consolidated-rock mountains. The alluvial aquifer in each valley thins or pinches out at the downstream end, forcing most groundwater to discharge along the river near where the river is gaged. The lower Walker River basin is one surface-water/groundwater system of losing and gaining reaches from Wabuska to Walker Lake, which makes determining stream losses and the direction and amount of subsurface flow difficult.\r\n\r\nIsotopic data indicate surface water and groundwater in the lower Walker River basin are from two sources of precipitation that have evaporated. The Walker River, groundwater along the Wassuk Range, and Walker Lake plot along one evaporation line. Groundwater along th","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095155","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., and Allander, K.K., 2009, Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5155, Report: x, 85 p.; Plate: 24 x 28 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095155.","productDescription":"Report: x, 85 p.; Plate: 24 x 28 inches","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":438847,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9US1B3S","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Data for the 2009 report Hydrologic Setting and Conceptual Hydrologic Model of the Walker River Basin, West-Central Nevada"},{"id":125616,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5155.jpg"},{"id":12937,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -119.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ], [ -119.83333333333333,39.25 ], [ -118.16666666666667,39.25 ], [ -118.16666666666667,37.666666666666664 ], [ -119.83333333333333,37.666666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad6e4b07f02db6842a1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303109,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Allander, Kip K. 0000-0002-3317-298X kalland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3317-298X","contributorId":2290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Allander","given":"Kip","email":"kalland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303108,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97775,"text":"ofr20091156 - 2009 - High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey To Image Shallow Faults, Poncha Springs and Vicinity, Chaffee County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr20091156","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-19T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1156","title":"High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey To Image Shallow Faults, Poncha Springs and Vicinity, Chaffee County, Colorado","docAbstract":"High-resolution aeromagnetic data were acquired over the town of Poncha Springs and areas to the northwest to image faults, especially where they are concealed. Because this area has known hot springs, faults or fault intersections at depth can provide pathways for upward migration of geothermal fluids or concentrate fracturing that enhances permeability. Thus, mapping concealed faults provides a focus for follow-up geothermal studies. Fault interpretation was accomplished by synthesizing interpretative maps derived from several different analytical methods, along with preliminary depth estimates. Faults were interpreted along linear aeromagnetic anomalies and breaks in anomaly patterns. Many linear features correspond to topographic features, such as drainages. A few of these are inferred to be fault-related. The interpreted faults show an overall pattern of criss-crossing fault zones, some of which appear to step over where they cross. Faults mapped by geologists suggest similar crossing patterns in exposed rocks along the mountain front. In low-lying areas, interpreted faults show zones of west-northwest-, north-, and northwest-striking faults that cross ~3 km (~2 mi) west-northwest of the town of Poncha Springs. More easterly striking faults extend east from this juncture. The associated aeromagnetic anomalies are likely caused by magnetic contrasts associated with faulted sediments that are concealed less than 200 m (656 ft) below the valley floor. The faults may involve basement rocks at greater depth as well. A relatively shallow (<300 m or <984 ft), faulted basement block is indicated under basin-fill sediments just north of the hot springs and south of the town of Poncha Springs.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091156","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Colorado Governor's Energy Office","usgsCitation":"Grauch, V.J., and Drenth, B.J., 2009, High-Resolution Aeromagnetic Survey To Image Shallow Faults, Poncha Springs and Vicinity, Chaffee County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1156, Report: v, 31 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091156.","productDescription":"Report: v, 31 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125475,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1156.jpg"},{"id":12938,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1156/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -106.36749999999999,38.3675 ], [ -106.36749999999999,38.75 ], [ -105.86749999999999,38.75 ], [ -105.86749999999999,38.3675 ], [ -106.36749999999999,38.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a59e4b07f02db62fd42","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Grauch, V. J. S. 0000-0002-0761-3489","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0761-3489","contributorId":34125,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Grauch","given":"V.","email":"","middleInitial":"J. S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303111,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Drenth, Benjamin J. 0000-0002-3954-8124 bdrenth@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3954-8124","contributorId":1315,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drenth","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdrenth@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303110,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97770,"text":"ds460 - 2009 - Probability of Unmixed Young Groundwater (defined using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities) in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:13:37","indexId":"ds460","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"460","title":"Probability of Unmixed Young Groundwater (defined using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities) in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"This raster data set delineates the predicted probability of unmixed young groundwater (defined using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities) in groundwater in the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007. This data set was developed by a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, Eagle County, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, the Town of Eagle, the Town of Gypsum, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. This project was designed to evaluate potential land-development effects on groundwater and surface-water resources so that informed land-use and water management decisions can be made. This groundwater probability map and its associated probability maps were developed as follows: (1) A point data set of wells with groundwater quality and groundwater age data was overlaid with thematic layers of anthropogenic (related to human activities) and hydrogeologic data by using a geographic information system to assign each well values for depth to groundwater, distance to major streams and canals, distance to gypsum beds, precipitation, soils, and well depth. These data then were downloaded to a statistical software package for analysis by logistic regression. (2) Statistical models predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations, the probability of unmixed young water (using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities), and the probability of elevated volatile organic compound concentrations were developed using logistic regression techniques. (3) The statistical models were entered into a GIS and the probability map was constructed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds460","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., and Plummer, N., 2009, Probability of Unmixed Young Groundwater (defined using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities) in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 460, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds460.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198338,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12941,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/460/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660c44","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303101,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303102,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97772,"text":"sim3082 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Sulphur Mountain Quadrangle, Park County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sim3082","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3082","title":"Geologic Map of the Sulphur Mountain Quadrangle, Park County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The main structural element in the Sulphur Mountain quadrangle is the Elkhorn thrust. This northwest-trending fault is the southernmost structure that bounds the west side of the Late Cretaceous and early Tertiary Front Range basement-rock uplift. The Elkhorn thrust and the Williams Range thrust that occurs in the Dillon area north of the quadrangle bound the west flank of the Williams Range and the Front Range uplift in the South Park area. Kellogg (2004) described widespread, intense fracturing, landsliding, and deep-rooted scarps in the crystalline rocks that comprise the upper plate of the Williams Range thrust. The latter thrust is also demonstrably a low-angle structure upon which the fractured bedrock of the upper plate was translated west above Cretaceous shales. Westward thrusting along the border of the Front Range uplift is probably best developed in that area. By contrast, the Elkhorn in the Sulphur Mountain quadrangle is poorly exposed and occurs in an area of relatively low relief. The thrust also apparently ends in the central part of the quadrangle, dying out into a broad area of open, upright folds with northwest axes in the Sulphur Mountain area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3082","usgsCitation":"Bohannon, R.G., and Ruleman, C., 2009, Geologic Map of the Sulphur Mountain Quadrangle, Park County, Colorado (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3082, Map: 34.5 x 33 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3082.","productDescription":"Map: 34.5 x 33 inches; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118678,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3082.jpg"},{"id":12935,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3082/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -105.75,39 ], [ -105.75,39.1175 ], [ -105.61749999999999,39.1175 ], [ -105.61749999999999,39 ], [ -105.75,39 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a842b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bohannon, Robert G. rbohannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bohannon","given":"Robert","email":"rbohannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303105,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ruleman, Chester A.","contributorId":41533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ruleman","given":"Chester A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303106,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97771,"text":"ds461 - 2009 - Probability of Elevated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentrations in Groundwater in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:13:05","indexId":"ds461","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"461","title":"Probability of Elevated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentrations in Groundwater in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"This raster data set delineates the predicted probability of elevated volatile organic compound (VOC) concentrations in groundwater in the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007. This data set was developed by a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, Eagle County, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, the Town of Eagle, the Town of Gypsum, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. This project was designed to evaluate potential land-development effects on groundwater and surface-water resources so that informed land-use and water management decisions can be made. This groundwater probability map and its associated probability maps was developed as follows: (1) A point data set of wells with groundwater quality and groundwater age data was overlaid with thematic layers of anthropogenic (related to human activities) and hydrogeologic data by using a geographic information system to assign each well values for depth to groundwater, distance to major streams and canals, distance to gypsum beds, precipitation, soils, and well depth. These data then were downloaded to a statistical software package for analysis by logistic regression. (2) Statistical models predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations, the probability of unmixed young water (using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities), and the probability of elevated volatile organic compound concentrations were developed using logistic regression techniques. (3) The statistical models were entered into a GIS and the probability map was constructed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds461","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., and Plummer, N., 2009, Probability of Elevated Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Concentrations in Groundwater in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 461, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds461.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196258,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12942,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/461/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660c29","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303103,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303104,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97764,"text":"sir20085186 - 2009 - Sources, transport, and storage of sediment at selected sites in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-03-09T20:24:59.256738","indexId":"sir20085186","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5186","displayTitle":"Sources, Transport, and Storage of Sediment at Selected Sites in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","title":"Sources, transport, and storage of sediment at selected sites in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed","docAbstract":"The Chesapeake Bay Watershed covers 165,800 square kilometers and is supplied with water and sediment from five major physiographic provinces: Appalachian Plateau, Blue Ridge, Coastal Plain, Piedmont, and the Valley and Ridge. Suspended-sediment loads measured in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed showed that the Piedmont Physiographic Province has the highest rates of modern (20th Century) sediment yields, measured at U.S. Geological Survey streamflow-gaging stations, and the lowest rates of background or geologic rates of erosion (~10,000 years) measured with in situ beryllium-10. In the agricultural and urbanizing Little Conestoga Creek Watershed, a Piedmont watershed, sources of sediment using the 'sediment-fingerprinting' approach showed that streambanks were the most important source (63 percent), followed by cropland (37 percent). Cesium-137 inventories, which quantify erosion rates over a 40-year period, showed average cropland erosion of 19.39 megagrams per hectare per year in the Little Conestoga Creek Watershed. If this erosion rate is extrapolated to the 13 percent of the watershed that is in cropland, then cropland could contribute almost four times the measured suspended-sediment load transported out of the watershed (27,600 megagrams per hectare per year), indicating that much of the eroded sediment is being deposited in channel and upland storage.\r\n\r\nThe Piedmont has had centuries of land-use change, from forest to agriculture, to suburban and urban areas, and in some areas, back to forest. These land-use changes mobilized a large percentage of sediment that was deposited in upland and channel storage, and behind thousands of mill dams. The effects of these land-use changes on erosion and sediment transport are still being observed today as stored sediment in streambanks is a source of sediment. Cropland is also an important source of sediment.\r\n\r\nThe Coastal Plain Physiographic Province has had the lowest sediment yields in the 20th Century and with sandy soils, contributes little fine-grained sediment. In the agricultural Pocomoke River Watershed, a Coastal Plain watershed, cesium-137 mass-balance results indicate that erosion and deposition are both occurring on cropland fields. Sources of sediment using the sediment-fingerprinting approach for the Pocomoke River were distributed as follows: cropland (46 percent), ditch beds (34 percent), ditch banks and streambanks (7 percent), and forest (13 percent). Cropland was a source of sediment for the two largest peak flow events, which occurred during harvesting when the ground may have been bare. The Pocomoke River Watershed is heavily ditched and channelized, conditions that are favorable for ditch bed and bank erosion. In the mixed land use (forested, agricultural, and urbanizing) Mattawoman Creek Watershed, a Coastal Plain watershed, sources of sediment using the sediment-fingerprinting approach were distributed as follows: streambanks (30 percent), forest (29 percent), construction (25 percent), and cropland (17 percent). Mattawoman Creek Watershed drains a rapidly developing region with 182 hectares (approximately 1.26 percent of the watershed) under construction. Sediment from construction sites was also determined as a source of sediment in the Mattawoman Creek Watershed. The sediment-fingerprinting source results for the three watersheds analyzed, show that in all watersheds, both the stream corridor and agriculture were significant sources of sediment. Forest as a source of sediment in the Mattawoman Creek Watershed may indicate that these forests are being disturbed and forest soils are eroding.\r\n\r\nBare ground can be an important sediment source. Spatial analysis of bare ground in the Little Conestoga Creek Watershed using satellite imagery between 2000 and 2005 showed that the majority of bare ground was classified as pasture. Bare ground was correlated to the growing season with the highest percentages occurring in the early spring (April, 34 percent) and a","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085186","isbn":"9781411323605","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Chesapeake Bay Program","usgsCitation":"Gellis, A., Hupp, C.R., Pavich, M.J., Landwehr, J.M., Banks, W.S., Hubbard, B.E., Langland, M.J., Ritchie, J.C., and Reuter, J.M., 2009, Sources, transport, and storage of sediment at selected sites in the Chesapeake Bay Watershed: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5186, x, 97 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085186.","productDescription":"x, 97 p.","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science 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Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303081,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Ritchie, Jerry C.","contributorId":88443,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ritchie","given":"Jerry","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303085,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Reuter, Joanna M.","contributorId":50179,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reuter","given":"Joanna","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303084,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9}]}}
,{"id":97765,"text":"ds69U - 2009 - Total Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources in the Powder River Basin Province, Wyoming and Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-08-29T18:45:56","indexId":"ds69U","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"69","chapter":"U","title":"Total Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources in the Powder River Basin Province, Wyoming and Montana","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey completed an assessment of the undiscovered oil and gas potential of the Powder River Basin in 2006. The assessment of undiscovered oil and gas used the total petroleum system concept, which includes mapping the distribution of potential source rocks and known petroleum accumulations and determining the timing of petroleum generation and migration. Geologically based, it focuses on source and reservoir rock stratigraphy, timing of tectonic events and the configuration of resulting structures, formation of traps and seals, and burial history modeling. The total petroleum system is subdivided into assessment units based on similar geologic characteristics and accumulation and petroleum type. In chapter 1 of this report, five total petroleum systems, eight conventional assessment units, and three continuous assessment units were defined and the undiscovered oil and gas resources within each assessment unit quantitatively estimated. \r\n\r\nChapter 2 describes data used in support of the process being applied by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) National Oil and Gas Assessment (NOGA) project. Digital tabular data used in this report and archival data that permit the user to perform further analyses are available elsewhere on this CD-ROM. Computers and software may import the data without transcription from the Portable Document Format files (.pdf files) of the text by the reader. Because of the number and variety of platforms and software available, graphical images are provided as .pdf files and tabular data are provided in a raw form as tab-delimited text files (.tab files).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds69U","usgsCitation":"2009, Total Petroleum Systems and Geologic Assessment of Oil and Gas Resources in the Powder River Basin Province, Wyoming and Montana: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 69, Available online and on CD-ROM, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds69U.","productDescription":"Available online and on CD-ROM","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118580,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_69_u.jpg"},{"id":12932,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/dds/dds-069/dds-069-u/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -109,42 ], [ -109,47 ], [ -103,47 ], [ -103,42 ], [ -109,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fce4b07f02db5f547b","contributors":{"compilers":[{"text":"Anna, L. O.","contributorId":65472,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anna","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":708984,"contributorType":{"id":3,"text":"Compilers"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97758,"text":"ofr20091169 - 2009 - Black and Brown Bear Activity at Selected Coastal Sites in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Preliminary Assessment Using Noninvasive Procedures","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:27","indexId":"ofr20091169","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1169","title":"Black and Brown Bear Activity at Selected Coastal Sites in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Preliminary Assessment Using Noninvasive Procedures","docAbstract":"A number of efforts in recent years have sought to predict bear activity in various habitats to minimize human disturbance and bear/human conflicts. Alaskan coastal areas provide important foraging areas for bears (Ursus americanus and U. arctos), particularly following den emergence when there may be no snow-free foraging alternatives. Additionally, coastal areas provide important food items for bears throughout the year. Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve (GLBA) in southeastern Alaska has extensive coastal habitats, and the National Park Service (NPS) has been long interested in learning more about the use of these coastal habitats by bears because these same habitats receive extensive human use by park visitors, especially kayaking recreationists. This study provides insight regarding the nature and intensity of bear activity at selected coastal sites within GLBA. We achieved a clearer understanding of bear/habitat relationships within GLBA by analyzing bear activity data collected with remote cameras, bear sign mapping, scat collections, and genetic analysis of bear hair.\r\n\r\nAlthough we could not quantify actual levels of bear activity at study sites, agreement among measures of activity (for example, sign counts, DNA analysis, and video record) lends support to our qualitative site assessments. This work suggests that habitat evaluation, bear sign mapping, and periodic scat counts can provide a useful index of bear activity for sites of interest.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091169","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Partridge, S., Smith, T., and Lewis, T., 2009, Black and Brown Bear Activity at Selected Coastal Sites in Glacier Bay National Park and Preserve, Alaska: A Preliminary Assessment Using Noninvasive Procedures: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1169, vi, 63 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091169.","productDescription":"vi, 63 p.","costCenters":[{"id":114,"text":"Alaska Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125481,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1169.jpg"},{"id":12925,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1169/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a1ce4b07f02db60838f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Partridge, Steve","contributorId":83219,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Partridge","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303061,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Tom","contributorId":7387,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Tom","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303060,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lewis, Tania","contributorId":100960,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lewis","given":"Tania","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303062,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97759,"text":"ofr20091095 - 2009 - Finding Trapped Miners by Using a Prototype Seismic Recording System Made from Music-Recording Hardware","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:07","indexId":"ofr20091095","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1095","title":"Finding Trapped Miners by Using a Prototype Seismic Recording System Made from Music-Recording Hardware","docAbstract":"The goal of this project was to use off-the-shelf music recording equipment to build and test a prototype seismic system to listen for people trapped in underground chambers (mines, caves, collapsed buildings). Previous workers found that an array of geophones is effective in locating trapped miners; displaying the data graphically, as well as playing it back into an audio device (headphones) at high speeds, was found to be effective for locating underground tapping. The desired system should record the data digitally to allow for further analysis, be capable of displaying the data graphically, allow for rudimentary analysis (bandpass filter, deconvolution), and allow the user to listen to the data at varying speeds. \r\n\r\nAlthough existing seismic reflection systems are adequate to record, display and analyze the data, they are relatively expensive and difficult to use and do not have an audio playback option. This makes it difficult for individual mines to have a system waiting on the shelf for an emergency. In contrast, music recording systems, like the one I used to construct the prototype system, can be purchased for about 20 percent of the cost of a seismic reflection system and are designed to be much easier to use. The prototype system makes use of an ~$3,000, 16-channel music recording system made by Presonus, Inc., of Baton Rouge, Louisiana. Other manufacturers make competitive systems that would serve equally well. Connecting the geophones to the recording system required the only custom part of this system - a connector that takes the output from the geophone cable and breaks it into 16 microphone inputs to be connected to the music recording system. The connector took about 1 day of technician time to build, using about $300 in off-the-shelf parts. \r\n\r\nComparisons of the music recording system and a standard seismic reflection system (A 24-channel 'Geode' system manufactured by Geometrics, Inc., of San Jose, California) were carried out at two locations. Initial recordings of small hammer taps were carried out in a small field in Seattle, Washington; more elaborate tests were carried out at the San Juan Coal Mine in San Juan, New Mexico, in which miners underground were signaling. The comparisons demonstrate that the recordings made by the two systems are nearly identical, indicating that either system adequately records the data from the geophones. In either system the data can quickly be converted to a format (Society of Exploration Geophysicists 'Y' format; 'SEGY') to allow for filtering and other signal processing. With a modest software development effort, it is clear that either system could produce equivalent data products (SEGY data and audio data) within a few minutes of finishing the recording. \r\n\r\nThe two systems both have significant advantages and drawbacks. With the seismograph, the tapping was distinctly visible when it occurred during a time window that was displayed. I have not identified or developed software for converting the resulting data to sound recordings that can be heard, but this limitation could be overcome with a trivial software development effort. The main drawbacks to the seismograph are that it does not allow for real-time listening, it is expensive to purchase, and it contains many features that are not utilized for this application. The music recording system is simple to use (it is designed for a general user, rather than a trained technician), allows for listening during recording, and has the advantage of using inexpensive, off-the-shelf components. It also allows for quick (within minutes) playback of the audio data at varying speeds. The data display by the software in the prototype system, however, is clearly inferior to the display on the seismograph. The music system also has the drawback of substantially oversampling the data by a factor of 24 (48,000 samples per second versus 2,000 samples per second) because the user interface only allows limited subsampling. This latte","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091095","usgsCitation":"Pratt, T.L., 2009, Finding Trapped Miners by Using a Prototype Seismic Recording System Made from Music-Recording Hardware: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1095, Report: iii, 35 p.; Sound Files, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091095.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 35 p.; Sound Files","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":648,"text":"Western Earthquake Hazards","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126859,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1095.jpg"},{"id":12926,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1095/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49fbe4b07f02db5f46f5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pratt, Thomas L. 0000-0003-3131-3141 tpratt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3131-3141","contributorId":3279,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pratt","given":"Thomas","email":"tpratt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303063,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97762,"text":"sir20095064 - 2009 - Anthropogenic organic compounds in source and finished groundwater of community water systems in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Potomac River Basin, Maryland and Virginia, 2003-04","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-04-06T20:09:05.35552","indexId":"sir20095064","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5064","title":"Anthropogenic organic compounds in source and finished groundwater of community water systems in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Potomac River Basin, Maryland and Virginia, 2003-04","docAbstract":"<p>A source- and finished-water-quality assessment of groundwater was conducted in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of Maryland and Virginia in the Potomac River Basin during 2003-04 as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. This assessment used a two-phased approach to sampling that allowed investigators to evaluate the occurrence of more than 280 anthropogenic organic compounds (volatile organic compounds, pesticides and pesticide degradates, and other anthropogenic organic compounds). Analysis of waters from 15 of the largest community water systems in the study area were included in the assessment. Source-water samples (raw-water samples collected prior to treatment) were collected at the well head. Finished-water samples (raw water that had been treated and disinfected) were collected after treatment and prior to distribution. Phase one samples, collected in August and September 2003, focused on source water. Phase two analyzed both source and finished water, and samples were collected in August and October of 2004. The results from phase one showed that samples collected from the source water for 15 community water systems contained 92 anthropogenic organic compounds (41 volatile organic compounds, 37 pesticides and pesticide degradates, and 14 other anthropogenic organic compounds). The 5 most frequently occurring anthropogenic organic compounds were detected in 11 of the 15 source-water samples. Deethylatrazine, a degradate of atrazine, was present in all 15 samples and metolachlor ethanesulfonic acid, a degradate of metolachlor, and chloroform were present in 13 samples. Atrazine and metolachlor were present in 12 and 11 samples, respectively. All samples contained a mixture of compounds with an average of about 14 compounds per sample. Phase two sampling focused on 10 of the 15 community water systems that were selected for resampling on the basis of occurrence of anthropogenic organic compounds detected most frequently during the first phase. A total of 48 different anthropogenic organic compounds were detected in samples collected from source and finished water. There were a similar number of compounds detected in finished water (41) and in source water (39). The most commonly detected group of anthropogenic organic compounds in finished water was trihalomethanes - compounds associated with the disinfection of drinking water. This group of compounds accounted for 30 percent of the detections in source water and 44 percent of the detections in finished water, and were generally found in higher concentrations in finished water. Excluding trihalomethanes, the number of total detections was about the same in source-water samples (33) as it was in finished-water samples (35). During both phases of the study, two measurements for human-health assessment were used. The first, the Maximum Contaminant Level for drinking water, is set by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency and represents a legally enforceable maximum concentration of a contaminant permitted in drinking water. The second, the Health-Based Screening Level, was developed by the U.S. Geological Survey, is not legally enforceable, and represents a limit for more chronic exposures. Maximum concentrations for each detected compound were compared with either the Maximum Contaminant Level or the Health-Based Screening Level when available. More than half of the compounds detected had either a Maximum Contaminant Level or a Health-Based Screening Level. A benchmark quotient was set at 10 percent (greater than or equal to 0.1) of the ratio of the detected concentration of a particular compound to its Maximum Contaminant Level, or Health-Based Screening Level. This was considered a threshold for further monitoring. During phase one, when only source water was sampled, seven compounds (chloroform, benzene, acrylonitrile, methylene chloride, atrazine, alachlor, and dieldrin) met or exceeded a benchmark quotient.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095064","usgsCitation":"Banks, W.S., and Reyes, B., 2009, Anthropogenic organic compounds in source and finished groundwater of community water systems in the Piedmont Physiographic Province, Potomac River Basin, Maryland and Virginia, 2003-04: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5064, viii, 33 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095064.","productDescription":"viii, 33 p.","temporalStart":"2003-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":41514,"text":"Maryland-Delaware-District of Columbia  Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118623,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5064.jpg"},{"id":415377,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87077.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12929,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5064/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland, Virginia","otherGeospatial":"Piedmont Physiographic Province, Potomac River Basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -78.0833,\n              39.7167\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0833,\n              38.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -77,\n              38.4167\n            ],\n            [\n              -77,\n              39.7167\n            ],\n            [\n              -78.0833,\n              39.7167\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67b735","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Banks, William S.L.","contributorId":35281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Banks","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"S.L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303075,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Reyes, Betzaida 0000-0002-1398-0824 breyes@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1398-0824","contributorId":2250,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reyes","given":"Betzaida","email":"breyes@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303074,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97769,"text":"ds459 - 2009 - Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Groundwater in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-21T15:13:58","indexId":"ds459","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"459","title":"Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Groundwater in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"This raster data set delineates the predicted probability of elevated nitrate concentrations in groundwater in the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007. This data set was developed by a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, Eagle County, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, the Town of Eagle, the Town of Gypsum, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. This project was designed to evaluate potential land-development effects on groundwater and surface-water resources so that informed land-use and water management decisions can be made. This groundwater probability map and its associated probability maps was developed as follows: (1) A point data set of wells with groundwater quality and groundwater age data was overlaid with thematic layers of anthropogenic (related to human activities) and hydrogeologic data by using a geographic information system to assign each well values for depth to groundwater, distance to major streams and canals, distance to gypsum beds, precipitation, soils, and well depth. These data then were downloaded to a statistical software package for analysis by logistic regression. (2) Statistical models predicting the probability of elevated nitrate concentrations, the probability of unmixed young water (using chlorofluorocarbon-11 concentrations and tritium activities), and the probability of elevated volatile organic compound concentrations were developed using logistic regression techniques. (3) The statistical models were entered into a GIS and the probability map was constructed.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds459","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., and Plummer, N., 2009, Probability of Elevated Nitrate Concentrations in Groundwater in the Eagle River Watershed Valley-Fill Aquifer, Eagle County, North-Central Colorado, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 459, Available online only, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds459.","productDescription":"Available online only","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198307,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12940,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/459/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13973,"rank":200,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://water.usgs.gov/GIS/metadata/usgswrd/XML/sir095082_no3.xml","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ee4b07f02db660b7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rupert, Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303099,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303100,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97768,"text":"ds458 - 2009 - Boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, north-central Colorado, 2006-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-15T11:33:41","indexId":"ds458","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"458","title":"Boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, north-central Colorado, 2006-2007","docAbstract":"This vector data set delineates the approximate boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer (ERWVFA). This data set was developed by a cooperative project between the U.S. Geological Survey, Eagle County, the Eagle River Water and Sanitation District, the Town of Eagle, the Town of Gypsum, and the Upper Eagle Regional Water Authority. This project was designed to evaluate potential land-development effects on groundwater and surface-water resources so that informed land-use and water management decisions can be made. The boundary of the ERWVFA was developed by combining information from two data sources. The first data source was a 1:250,000-scale geologic map of the Leadville quadrangle developed by Day and others (1999). The location of Quaternary sediments was used as a first approximation of the ERWVFA. The boundary of the ERWVFA was further refined by overlaying the geologic map with Digital Raster Graphic (DRG) scanned images of 1:24,000 topographic maps (U.S. Geological Survey, 2001). Where appropriate, the boundary of the ERWVFA was remapped to correspond with the edge of the valley-fill aquifer marked by an abrupt change in topography at the edge of the valley floor throughout the Eagle River watershed. The boundary of the ERWVFA more closely resembles a hydrogeomorphic region presented by Rupert (2003, p. 8) because it is based upon general geographic extents of geologic materials and not on an actual aquifer location as would be determined through a rigorous hydrogeologic investigation.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds458","usgsCitation":"Rupert, M.G., and Plummer, N., 2009, Boundary of the Eagle River watershed valley-fill aquifer, Eagle County, north-central Colorado, 2006-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 458, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds458.","productDescription":"12 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":196042,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12939,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/458/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","county":"Eagle 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Michael G. mgrupert@usgs.gov","contributorId":1194,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rupert","given":"Michael","email":"mgrupert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303097,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Plummer, Niel 0000-0002-4020-1013 nplummer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4020-1013","contributorId":190100,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Plummer","given":"Niel","email":"nplummer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303098,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97763,"text":"ofr20091159 - 2009 - Land-Cover Change in the Central Irregular Plains, 1973-2000","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"ofr20091159","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1159","title":"Land-Cover Change in the Central Irregular Plains, 1973-2000","docAbstract":"Spearheaded by the Geographic Analysis and Monitoring Program of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) in collaboration with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) and the National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), the Land Cover Trends is a research project focused on understanding the rates, trends, causes, and consequences of contemporary United States land-use and land-cover change. Using the EPA Level III ecoregions as the geographic framework, scientists process geospatial data collected between 1973 and 2000 to characterize ecosystem responses to land-use changes. The 27-year study period was divided into five temporal periods: 1973-1980, 1980-1986, 1986-1992, 1992-2000 and 1973-2000. General land-cover classes for these periods were interpreted from Landsat Multispectral Scanner, Thematic Mapper, and Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus imagery to categorize land-cover change and evaluate using a modified Anderson Land Use Land Cover Classification System for image interpretation.\r\n\r\nThe rates of land-cover change are estimated using a stratified, random sampling of 10-kilometer (km) by 10-km blocks allocated within each ecoregion. For each sample block, satellite images are used to interpret land-cover change. Additionally, historical aerial photographs from similar timeframes and other ancillary data such as census statistics and published literature are used. The sample block data are then incorporated into statistical analyses to generate an overall change matrix for the ecoregion. These change statistics are applicable for different levels of scale, including total change for the individual sample blocks and change estimates for the entire ecoregion. The results illustrate that there is no single profile of land-cover change but instead point to geographic variability that results from land uses within ecoregions continuously adapting to various factors including environmental, technological, and socioeconomic.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091159","usgsCitation":"Karstensen, K.A., 2009, Land-Cover Change in the Central Irregular Plains, 1973-2000: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1159, iv, 8 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091159.","productDescription":"iv, 8 p.","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2000-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125477,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1159.jpg"},{"id":12930,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1159/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -98,35 ], [ -98,42 ], [ -90.5,42 ], [ -90.5,35 ], [ -98,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6adf83","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Karstensen, Krista A. kkarstensen@usgs.gov","contributorId":286,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Karstensen","given":"Krista","email":"kkarstensen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303076,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97761,"text":"sir20095151 - 2009 - Impact of wildfire on levels of mercury in forested watershed systems: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2024-06-17T20:58:12.687327","indexId":"sir20095151","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5151","title":"Impact of wildfire on levels of mercury in forested watershed systems: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","docAbstract":"<p>Atmospheric deposition of mercury to remote lakes in mid-continental and eastern North America has increased approximately threefold since the mid-1800s (Swain and others, 1992; Fitzgerald and others, 1998; Engstrom and others, 2007). As a result, concerns for human and wildlife health related to mercury contamination have become widespread. Despite an apparent recent decline in atmospheric deposition of mercury in many areas of the Upper Midwest (Engstrom and Swain, 1997; Engstrom and others, 2007), lakes in which fish contain levels of mercury deemed unacceptable for human consumption and possibly unacceptable for fish-consuming wildlife are being detected with increasing frequency. In northern Minnesota, Voyageurs National Park (VNP) (fig. 1) protects a series of southern boreal lakes and wetlands situated on bedrock of the Precambrian Canadian Shield. Mercury contamination has become a significant resource issue within VNP as high concentrations of mercury in loons, bald eagle eaglets, grebes, northern pike, and other species of wildlife and fish have been found. The two most mercury-contaminated lakes in Minnesota, measured as methylmercury in northern pike (<i>Esox lucius</i>), are in VNP.</p><p>Recent multidisciplinary U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) research demonstrated that the bulk of the mercury in lake waters, soils, and fish in VNP results from atmospheric deposition (Wiener and others, 2006). The study by Wiener and others (2006) showed that the spatial distribution of mercury in watershed soils, lake waters, and age-1 yellow perch (<i>Perca flavescens</i>) within the Park was highly variable. The majority of factors correlated for this earlier study suggested that mercury concentrations in lake waters and age-1 yellow perch reflected the influence of ecosystem processes that affected within-lake microbial production and abundance of methylmercury (Wiener and others, 2006), while the distribution of mercury in watershed soils seemed to be partially dependent on forest disturbance, especially the historic forest fire pattern (Woodruff and Cannon, 2002).</p><p>Forest fire has an essential role in the forest ecosystems of VNP (Heinselman, 1996). Because resource and land managers need to integrate both natural wildfire and prescribed fire in management plans, the potential influence of fire on an element as sensitive to the environment as mercury becomes a critical part of their decisionmaking. A number of recent studies have shown that while fire does have a significant impact on mercury at the landscape level, the observed effects of fire on aquatic environments are highly variable and unpredictable (Caldwell and others, 2000; Garcia and Carrigan, 2000; Kelly and others, 2006; Nelson and others, 2007). Caldwell and others (2000) described an increase in methylmercury in reservoir sediments resulting from mobilization and transport of charred vegetative matter following a fire in New Mexico. Krabbenhoft and Fink (2000) attributed increases in total mercury concentrations in young-of-the-year fish in the Florida Everglades to release of mercury resulting from peat oxidation following fires. A fivefold increase in whole-body mercury accumulation by rainbow trout (<i>Oncorhynchus mykiss</i>) following a fire in Alberta, Canada, apparently resulted from increased nutrient concentrations that enhanced productivity and restructured the food web of a lake within the fire’s burn footprint (Kelly and others, 2006).</p><p>For this study, we determined the short-term effects of forest fire on mercury concentrations in terrestrial and aquatic environments in VNP by comparing and contrasting mercury concentrations in forest soils, lake waters, and age-1 yellow perch for a burned watershed and an adjacent lake, with similar samples from watersheds and lakes with no fire activity (control watersheds and lakes). The concentration of total mercury in whole, 1-year-old yellow perch serves as a good biological indicator for monitoring trends in methylmercury concentrations in food webs of lakes in North America (Wiener and others, 2007). With a limited gape, age-1 yellow perch that hatched the previous year and resided in a lake for 1 year feed largely on zooplankton and small benthic invertebrates. Thus, age-1 yellow perch provide a baseline for methylmercury concentrations for individual lakes that can be compared across spatial areas.</p><p>The nine appendixes that accompany this report contain the complete datasets for soils, lake waters, and age-1 yellow perch collected for this study. This report uses data from these three media to provide a framework for evaluating short-term effects of fire on mercury in forested soils and possible effects of the mobilization of mercury from soils on lake water quality and aquatic health.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095151","collaboration":"Preprared in cooperation with the National Park Service, Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota","usgsCitation":"Woodruff, L.G., Sandheinrich, M.B., Brigham, M.E., and Cannon, W.F., 2009, Impact of wildfire on levels of mercury in forested watershed systems: Voyageurs National Park, Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5151, Report: viii, 51 p.; 9 Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095151.","productDescription":"Report: viii, 51 p.; 9 Appendices","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":244,"text":"Eastern Mineral Resources Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":430337,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87076.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12928,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5151/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125615,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5151.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Minnesota","otherGeospatial":"Voyageurs National Park","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -92.95,\n              48.4667\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.95,\n              48.5447\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8061,\n              48.5447\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.8061,\n              48.4667\n            ],\n            [\n              -92.95,\n              48.4667\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4b8","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Woodruff, Laurel G. 0000-0002-2514-9923 woodruff@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2514-9923","contributorId":2224,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Woodruff","given":"Laurel","email":"woodruff@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303072,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sandheinrich, Mark B.","contributorId":86736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sandheinrich","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303073,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brigham, Mark E. 0000-0001-7412-6800 mbrigham@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7412-6800","contributorId":1840,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brigham","given":"Mark","email":"mbrigham@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303070,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cannon, William F. 0000-0002-2699-8118 wcannon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2699-8118","contributorId":1883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"William","email":"wcannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":245,"text":"Eastern Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303071,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97767,"text":"sir20095161 - 2009 - Source, Transport, and Fate of Groundwater Contamination at Site 45, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:22:15","indexId":"sir20095161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5161","title":"Source, Transport, and Fate of Groundwater Contamination at Site 45, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina","docAbstract":"Groundwater contamination by tetrachloroethene and its dechlorination products is present in two partially intermingled plumes in the surficial aquifer near a former dry-cleaning facility at Site 45, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina. The northern plume originates from the vicinity of former above-ground storage tanks. Free-phase tetrachloroethene from activities in this area entered the groundwater and the storm sewer. The southern plume originates at a nearby new dry-cleaning facility, but probably was the result of contamination released to the aquifer from a leaking sanitary sewer line from the former dry-cleaning facility. Discharge of dissolved groundwater contamination is primarily to leaking storm sewers below the water table. Extensive biodegradation of the contamination takes place in the surficial aquifer; however, the biodegradation is insufficient to reduce trichloroethene to less than milligram-per-liter concentrations prior to discharging into the storm sewers. The groundwater volatile organic compounds entering the storm sewers are substantially diluted by tidal flushing upon entry and are subject to volatilization as they are transported through the storm sewer to a discharge point in a tributary to Ballast Creek. TCE concentrations of about 2-6 micrograms per liter were present in storm-sewer water near the discharge point (sampled at manhole STS26). On three out of four sampling events at manhole STS14, the storm-sewer water contained no vinyl chloride. During a time of relatively high groundwater levels, however, 20 micrograms per liter of vinyl chloride was present in STS14 storm-sewer water. Because groundwater leaks into that storm sewer and because the storm sewer upgradient from manhole STS14 is adjacent to part of the aquifer where 2,290 micrograms per liter of vinyl chloride have been detected, there is a potential for substantially increased concentrations of vinyl chloride to discharge at the storm-sewer outfall under conditions of high groundwater levels and low tidal flushing. In addition, the observation that free-phase tetrachloroethene may have entered the storm-sewer system during the 1994 discharge means that dense nonaqueous phase liquid tetrachloroethene could have leaked from various parts of the storm sewer or discharged to surface water at the storm-sewer outfall.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095161","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., Landmeyer, J., and Lowery, M.A., 2009, Source, Transport, and Fate of Groundwater Contamination at Site 45, Marine Corps Recruit Depot, Parris Island, South Carolina: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5161, viii, 80 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095161.","productDescription":"viii, 80 p.","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125619,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5161.jpg"},{"id":12934,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5161/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Marine Corp Recruit Depot, Parris Island","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.75027777777778,32.284166666666664 ], [ -80.75027777777778,32.38333333333333 ], [ -80.65,32.38333333333333 ], [ -80.65,32.284166666666664 ], [ -80.75027777777778,32.284166666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69782a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":303093,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303094,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landmeyer, James 0000-0002-5640-3816 jlandmey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5640-3816","contributorId":3257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landmeyer","given":"James","email":"jlandmey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303095,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303096,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97766,"text":"sim3001 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":32372,"text":"ofr2002136 - 2002 - Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"ofr2002136","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"Preliminary geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97766,"text":"sim3001 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California","indexId":"sim3001","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sim3001","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3001","title":"Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California","docAbstract":"This report presents a newly revised and expanded digital geologic map of the Santa Barbara coastal plain area at a compilation scale of 1:24,000 (one inch on the map to 2,000 feet on the ground)1 and with a horizontal positional accuracy of at least 20 m. The map depicts the distribution of bedrock units and surficial deposits and associated deformation underlying and adjacent to the coastal plain within the contiguous Dos Pueblos Canyon, Goleta, Santa Barbara, and Carpinteria 7.5' quadrangles. The new map supersedes an earlier preliminary geologic map of the central part of the coastal plain (Minor and others, 2002; revised 2006) that provided coastal coverage only within the Goleta and Santa Barbara quadrangles. In addition to new mapping to the west and east, geologic mapping in parts of the central map area has been significantly revised from the preliminary map compilation - especially north of downtown Santa Barbara in the Mission Ridge area - based on new structural interpretations supplemented by new biostratigraphic data. All surficial and bedrock map units, including several new units recognized in the areas of expanded mapping, are described in detail in the accompanying pamphlet. Abundant new biostratigraphic and biochronologic data based on microfossil identifications are presented in expanded unit descriptions of the marine Neogene Monterey and Sisquoc Formations. Site-specific fault kinematic observations embedded in the digital map database are more complete owing to the addition of slip-sense determinations. Finally, the pamphlet accompanying the present report includes an expanded and refined summary of stratigraphic and structural observations and interpretations that are based on the composite geologic data contained in the new map compilation. \r\n\r\nThe Santa Barbara coastal plain is located in the western Transverse Ranges physiographic province along an east-west-trending segment of the southern California coastline about 100 km (62 mi) northwest of Los Angeles. The coastal plain surface includes several mesas and hills that are geomorphic expressions of potentially active folds and partly buried oblique and reverse faults of the Santa Barbara fold and fault belt (SBFFB) that transects the coastal plain. Strong earthquakes have occurred offshore within 10 km of the Santa Barbara coastal plain in 1925 (6.3 magnitude), 1941 (5.5 magnitude), and 1978 (5.1 magnitude). These and numerous smaller seismic events located beneath and offshore of the coastal plain, likely occurred on reverse-oblique-slip faults that are similar to, or continuous with, Quaternary reverse faults crossing the coastal plain. Thus, faults of the SBFFB pose a significant earthquake hazard to the approximately 200,000 people living within the major coastal population centers of Santa Barbara, Goleta, and Carpinteria. In addition, numerous Quaternary landslide deposits along the steep southern flank of the Santa Ynez Mountains indicate the potential for continued slope failures and mass movements in developed areas. Folded, faulted, and fractured sedimentary rocks in the subsurface of the coastal plain and adjacent Santa Barbara Channel are sources and form reservoirs for economic deposits of oil and gas, some of which are currently being extracted offshore. Shallow, localized sedimentary aquifers underlying the coastal plain provide limited amounts of water for the urban areas, but the quality of some of this groundwater is compromised by coastal salt-water contamination. The present map compilation provides a set of uniform geologic digital coverages that can be used for analysis and interpretation of these and other geologic hazards and resources in the coastal plain region.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3001","isbn":"9781411324893","usgsCitation":"Minor, S.A., Kellogg, K., Stanley, R.G., Gurrola, L.D., Keller, E.A., and Brandt, T.R., 2009, Geologic Map of the Santa Barbara Coastal Plain Area, Santa Barbara County, California (Supersedes OFR 02-136): U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3001, Report: iv, 38 p.; Map: 77 x 44 inches; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3001.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 38 p.; Map: 77 x 44 inches; Downloads Directory","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":229,"text":"Earth Surface Processes Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118627,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3001.jpg"},{"id":12933,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3001/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"25000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120,34.3675 ], [ -120,34.5 ], [ -119.5,34.5 ], [ -119.5,34.3675 ], [ -120,34.3675 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Supersedes OFR 02-136","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6836b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minor, Scott A. 0000-0002-6976-9235 sminor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6976-9235","contributorId":765,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minor","given":"Scott","email":"sminor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303087,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kellogg, Karl S.","contributorId":89896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kellogg","given":"Karl S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303090,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Stanley, Richard G. 0000-0001-6192-8783 rstanley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6192-8783","contributorId":1832,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stanley","given":"Richard","email":"rstanley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303089,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gurrola, Larry D.","contributorId":95525,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gurrola","given":"Larry","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303091,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Keller, Edward A.","contributorId":106598,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Keller","given":"Edward","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303092,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Brandt, Theodore R. 0000-0002-7862-9082 tbrandt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7862-9082","contributorId":1267,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brandt","given":"Theodore","email":"tbrandt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303088,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97760,"text":"ofr20091157 - 2009 - Geophysical Studies in the Vicinity of the Warner Mountains and Surprise Valley, Northeast California, Northwest Nevada, and Southern Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20091157","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1157","title":"Geophysical Studies in the Vicinity of the Warner Mountains and Surprise Valley, Northeast California, Northwest Nevada, and Southern Oregon","docAbstract":"From May 2006 to August 2007, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) collected 793 gravity stations, about 102 line-kilometers of truck-towed and ground magnetometer data, and about 325 physical-property measurements in northeastern California, northwestern Nevada, and southern Oregon. Gravity, magnetic, and physical-property data were collected to study regional crustal structures and geology as an aid to understanding the geologic framework of the Surprise Valley geothermal area and, in general, geothermal systems throughout the Great Basin. \r\n\r\nThe Warner Mountains and Surprise Valley mark the transition from the extended Basin and Range province to the unextended Modoc Plateau. This transition zone, in the northwestern corner of the Basin and Range, is relatively diffuse compared to other, more distinct boundaries, such as the Wasatch front in Utah and the eastern Sierran range front. In addition, this transition zone is the site of a geothermal system with potential for development, and previous studies have revealed a complex structural setting consisting of several obliquely oriented fault sets. As a result, this region has been the subject of several recent geological and geophysical investigations. The gravity and magnetic data presented here support and supplement those studies, and although the study area is composed predominantly of Tertiary volcanic rocks of the Modoc Plateau rocks, the physical properties of these and others rocks create a distinguishable pattern of gravity and magnetic anomalies that can be used to infer subsurface geologic structure.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091157","usgsCitation":"Ponce, D.A., Glen, J., Egger, A.E., Bouligand, C., Watt, J.T., and Morin, R.L., 2009, Geophysical Studies in the Vicinity of the Warner Mountains and Surprise Valley, Northeast California, Northwest Nevada, and Southern Oregon: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1157, Report: vi, 19 p.; Data Tables, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091157.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 19 p.; Data Tables","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"2006-05-01","temporalEnd":"2007-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125476,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1157.jpg"},{"id":12927,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1157/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -121,41 ], [ -121,42.5 ], [ -119,42.5 ], [ -119,41 ], [ -121,41 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c409","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ponce, David A. 0000-0003-4785-7354 ponce@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4785-7354","contributorId":1049,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ponce","given":"David","email":"ponce@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303064,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Glen, Jonathan M. 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G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303066,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Egger, Anne E.","contributorId":48669,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Egger","given":"Anne","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303067,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Bouligand, Claire","contributorId":71662,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bouligand","given":"Claire","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Watt, Janet T. 0000-0002-4759-3814","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4759-3814","contributorId":8564,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Watt","given":"Janet","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303065,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Morin, Robert L.","contributorId":82671,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":303069,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97757,"text":"ds457 - 2009 - Digital representation of 1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas of the Great Basin","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-19T18:24:08","indexId":"ds457","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"457","title":"Digital representation of 1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas of the Great Basin","docAbstract":"<p>Hydrographic areas (HA) in Nevada were delineated by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) and Nevada Division of Water Resources in the late 1960s for scientific and administrative purposes. The official HA names, numbers, and boundaries continue to be used in USGS scientific reports and Nevada State Division of Water Resources administrative activities. HAs for the Great Basin region of the United States were mapped in the late 1980’s as part of a USGS regional assessment of aquifer systems in the Great Basin. The Great Basin HAs are being published in digital format to document the data as the basic accounting unit for past and recent hydrologic investigations in the Great Basin. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ds457","usgsCitation":"Buto, S.G., 2009, Digital representation of 1:1,000,000-scale hydrographic areas of the Great Basin: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 457, iv, 5 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds457.","productDescription":"iv, 5 p.","numberOfPages":"11","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126843,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_457.jpg"},{"id":12924,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/457/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1000000","country":"United States","otherGeospatial":"Great Basin","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a9ae4b07f02db65d5e9","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Buto, Susan G. 0000-0002-1107-9549 sbuto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1107-9549","contributorId":1057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buto","given":"Susan","email":"sbuto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":610,"text":"Utah Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":303059,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97756,"text":"ofr20091161 - 2009 - Occurrence of viable avian influenza viruses in water and bed sediments from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway, February and May 2006 and January 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-02-17T15:12:56","indexId":"ofr20091161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1161","title":"Occurrence of viable avian influenza viruses in water and bed sediments from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway, February and May 2006 and January 2007","docAbstract":"Water and bed-sediment samples were collected from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway and analyzed for the presence of viable avian influenza viruses. Samples were collected during February and May 2006 and January 2007 at U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service National Wildlife Refuges in Georgia, South Carolina, North Carolina, Virginia, and Maryland. Avian influenza viruses were detected in samples collected from the Savannah National Wildlife Refuge in Georgia during February 2006 and from the Santee National Wildlife Refuge in South Carolina and the Pee Dee National Wildlife Refuge in North Carolina during January 2007. Avian influenza virus was detected in water temperatures ranging from 11.8 to 12.7 degrees Celsius when birds were either present or had departed at least 10 days prior to sampling. Although the literature indicates that avian influenza virus persists in the environment more effectively at colder temperature regimes, these detections were made in a comparatively warmer climate at a time of the year when cooler water temperatures prevail.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091161","usgsCitation":"Dalton, M.S., Stewart, L.M., and Ip, S., 2009, Occurrence of viable avian influenza viruses in water and bed sediments from selected water bodies along the Atlantic Flyway, February and May 2006 and January 2007: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1161, iv, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091161.","productDescription":"iv, 12 p.","temporalStart":"2006-02-01","temporalEnd":"2007-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science 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,{"id":70156715,"text":"70156715 - 2009 - Discharge and other hydraulic measurements for characterizing the hydraulics of Lower Congo River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-10-27T16:30:54.93054","indexId":"70156715","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Discharge and other hydraulic measurements for characterizing the hydraulics of Lower Congo River","docAbstract":"<p><span>The first direct measurements of discharge of the Lower Congo River below Malebo Pool and upstream from Kinganga, Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC) were made in July 2008 using acoustic Doppler current profilers, differential GPS, and echo sounders. These measurements were made in support of research that is attempting to understand the distribution of fish species in the Lower Congo River and reasons for separation of species within this large river. Analyses of these measurements show that the maximum depth in the Lower Congo River was in excess of 200 m and maximum water velocities were greater than 4 m/s. The discharge measured near Luozi, DRC was 35,800 m3/s, and decreased slightly beginning midway through the study. Local bedrock controls seem to have a large effect on the flow in the river, even in reaches without waterfalls and rapids. Dramatic changes in bed topography are evident in transects across the river.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"33rd IAHR congress: Water engineering for a sustainable environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment","conferenceDate":"August 9-14 2009","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, British Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research","usgsCitation":"Oberg, K., Shelton, J.M., Gardiner, N., and Jackson, P., 2009, Discharge and other hydraulic measurements for characterizing the hydraulics of Lower Congo River, <i>in</i> 33rd IAHR congress: Water engineering for a sustainable environment, Vancouver, British Columbia, August 9-14 2009, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013377","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307585,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Democratic Republic of Congo","otherGeospatial":"Congo River and  Malebo Pool","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              15.230484008789062,\n              -4.3635278498618675\n            ],\n            [\n              15.230484008789062,\n              -4.0944111352807955\n            ],\n            [\n              15.60676574707031,\n              -4.0944111352807955\n            ],\n            [\n              15.60676574707031,\n              -4.3635278498618675\n            ],\n            [\n              15.230484008789062,\n              -4.3635278498618675\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dee32fe4b0518e354e0807","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Oberg, Kevin","contributorId":89385,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570224,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Shelton, John M. 0000-0002-4787-9572 jmshelto@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4787-9572","contributorId":1751,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Shelton","given":"John","email":"jmshelto@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":570225,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gardiner, Ned","contributorId":147086,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Gardiner","given":"Ned","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570226,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jackson, P. Ryan","contributorId":68571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"P. Ryan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570227,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70038090,"text":"70038090 - 2009 - Laboratory evaluation of an OTT acoustic digital current meter and a SonTek Laboratory acoustic Doppler velocimeter","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-08-26T13:14:14","indexId":"70038090","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Laboratory evaluation of an OTT acoustic digital current meter and a SonTek Laboratory acoustic Doppler velocimeter","docAbstract":"<p>Recently, an acoustic current meter known as the OTT * acoustic digital current meter (ADC) was introduced as an alternative instrument for stream gaging measurements. The Bureau of Reclamation and the U.S. Geological Survey collaborated on a side- by-side evaluation of the ADC and a SonTek/YSI acoustic Doppler velocimeter (ADV). Measurements were carried out in a laboratory flume to evaluate the performance characteristics of the ADC under a range of flow and boundary conditions. The flume contained a physical model of a mountain river with a diversion dam and variety of bed materials ranging from smooth mortar to a cobble bed. The instruments were installed on a trolley system that allowed them to be easily moved within the flume while maintaining a consistent probe orientation. More than 50 comparison measurements were made in an effort to verify the manufacturer&rsquo;s performance specifications and to evaluate potential boundary disturbance for near-bed and vertical boundary measurements. Data and results from this evaluation are presented and discussed.&nbsp;</p>","conferenceTitle":"33rd  International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research Congress","conferenceDate":"August 9-14, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, BC","language":"English","usgsCitation":"Vermeyen, T., Oberg, K.A., and Jackson, P.R., 2009, Laboratory evaluation of an OTT acoustic digital current meter and a SonTek Laboratory acoustic Doppler velocimeter, 33rd  International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research Congress, Vancouver, BC, August 9-14, 2009, p. 1-8.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"8","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013290","costCenters":[{"id":502,"text":"Office of Surface Water","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307542,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307541,"rank":1,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.usbr.gov/tsc/hydlab/pubs/PAP/PAP-0990.pdf","size":"160kb","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"country":"UNITED STATES","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"57fe8425e4b0824b2d148eb3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vermeyen, T.B.","contributorId":112473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Vermeyen","given":"T.B.","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":6736,"text":"Bureau of Reclamation","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":570129,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Oberg, Kevin A. kaoberg@usgs.gov","contributorId":928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Oberg","given":"Kevin","email":"kaoberg@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570130,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jackson, Patrick Ryan","contributorId":34043,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jackson","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"Ryan","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157192,"text":"70157192 - 2009 - The effect of channel shape, bed morphology, and shipwrecks on flow velocities in the Upper St. Clair River","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-04T17:41:45.656257","indexId":"70157192","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"The effect of channel shape, bed morphology, and shipwrecks on flow velocities in the Upper St. Clair River","docAbstract":"<p><span>In the Great Lakes of North America, the St. Clair River is the major outlet of Lake Huron and conveys water to Lake St. Clair which then flows to Lake Erie. One major topic of interest is morphological change in the St. Clair River and its impact on water levels in the Upper Great Lakes and connecting channel flows. A combined multibeam echosounder (MBES) bathymetric survey and acoustic Doppler current profiler (ADCP) flow survey of the outlet of Lake Huron and the Upper St. Clair River was conducted July 21-25, 2008. This paper presents how channel morphology and shipwrecks affect the flow in the Upper St. Clair River. The river is most constricted at the Blue Water Bridge near Port Huron, Michigan, with water velocities over 2 ms-1 for a flow of 5,200 m<sup>3</sup>s-1. Downstream of this constriction, the river flows around a bend and expands creating a large recirculation zone along the left bank due to flow separation. This recirculation zone reduces the effective channel width, and thus increases flow velocities to over 2 ms-1 in this region. The surveys reveal several shipwrecks on the bed of the St. Clair River, which possess distinct wakes in their flow velocity downstream of the wrecks. The constriction and expansion of the channel, combined with forcing of the flow by bed topography, initiates channel-scale secondary flow, creating streamwise vortices that maintain coherence downstream over a distance of several channel widths.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"33rd IAHR congress: Water engineering for a sustainable environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"33rd IAHR Congress: Water Engineering for a Sustainable Environment","conferenceDate":"August 9-14, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Vancouver, British Columbia","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Hydraulic Engineering and Research","usgsCitation":"Czuba, J., Oberg, K., Best, J., and Parsons, D.R., 2009, The effect of channel shape, bed morphology, and shipwrecks on flow velocities in the Upper St. Clair River, <i>in</i> 33rd IAHR congress: Water engineering for a sustainable environment, Vancouver, 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