{"pageNumber":"201","pageRowStart":"5000","pageSize":"25","recordCount":16458,"records":[{"id":98268,"text":"sir20105005 - 2010 - Evaluation of Methods for Delineating Zones of Transport for Production Wells in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers of Minnesota","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20105005","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5005","title":"Evaluation of Methods for Delineating Zones of Transport for Production Wells in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers of Minnesota","docAbstract":"Assessment of groundwater-flow conditions in the vicinity of production wells in karst and fractured-rock settings commonly is difficult due in part to the lack of detailed hydrogeologic information and the resources needed to collect it. To address this concern and to better understand the hydrogeology and aquifer properties of karst and fractured-rock aquifers in Minnesota, the U.S. Geological Survey, in cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health, conducted a study to evaluate methods for delineating zones of transport for 24 production wells in karst and fractured-rock aquifers in Minnesota. Two empirical methods for delineating zones of transport around wells were applied to the 24 production wells that extract groundwater from karst and fractured-rock aquifers in nine Minnesota communities. These methods were the truncated-parabola and modified-ellipse methods, and both methods assume porous-media flow conditions. The 24 wells extracted water from a karst aquifer (Prairie du Chien-Jordan aquifer), porous aquifers interspersed with solution-enhanced fractures (Jordan and Hinckley aquifers), or fractured-bedrock aquifers (Biwabik Iron-Formation and Sioux Quartzite aquifers). Zones of transport delineated using these two empirical methods were compared with zones of transport previously delineated by Minnesota Department of Health hydrologists for the wells using the calculated-fixed-radius method and groundwater-flow models.\r\n\r\nLarge differences were seen in the size and shapes of most zones of transport delineated using the truncated-parabola and modified-ellipse methods compared with the zones of transport delineated by the Minnesota Department of Health. In general, the zones of transport delineated using the truncated-parabola and modified-ellipse methods were smaller in area than those delineated by the Minnesota Department of Health and included only small parts of the Minnesota Department of Health zones of transport. About two-thirds(67 percent) of the individual or composite truncated parabolas and modified ellipses covered less than 50 percent of the area included in zones of transport delineated by the Minnesota Department of Health. The shapes of some of the truncated parabola and modified ellipses did not closely match the zones of transport delineated by the Minnesota Department of Health using the calculated-fixed-radius method and groundwater-flow models. Differences between the zones of transport delineated by the truncated-parabola and modified-ellipse methods and those delineated by the Minnesota Department of Health can be explained by variations inherent to the methods and by the amount of complexity taken into account by different groundwater-flow models. Additional field hydrogeologic studies would be needed at specific sites to support the use of these zone-of-transport delineation methods. Application of the truncated-parabola and modified-ellipse methods to sites for which existing hydrogeologic information is limited can produce questionable results in karst and fractured-rock settings, particularly in areas where many high-capacity wells or active mining operations are nearby. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105005","collaboration":"Prepared in Cooperation with the Minnesota Department of Health","usgsCitation":"Jones, P.M., 2010, Evaluation of Methods for Delineating Zones of Transport for Production Wells in Karst and Fractured-Rock Aquifers of Minnesota: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5005, v, 32 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105005.","productDescription":"v, 32 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":117633,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5005.jpg"},{"id":13521,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5005/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mecator","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.23333333333333,43.5 ], [ -97.23333333333333,49.38333333333333 ], [ -89.48333333333333,49.38333333333333 ], [ -89.48333333333333,43.5 ], [ -97.23333333333333,43.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a7fe4b07f02db649246","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Jones, Perry M. 0000-0002-6569-5144 pmjones@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6569-5144","contributorId":2231,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jones","given":"Perry","email":"pmjones@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":392,"text":"Minnesota Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304851,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156727,"text":"70156727 - 2010 - Estimating salinity intrusion effects due to climate change on the Lower Savannah River Estuary","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-08T17:47:31.723551","indexId":"70156727","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Estimating salinity intrusion effects due to climate change on the Lower Savannah River Estuary","docAbstract":"<p><span>The ability of water-resource managers to adapt to future climatic change is especially challenging in coastal regions of the world. The East Coast of the United States falls into this category given the high number of people living along the Atlantic seaboard and the added strain on resources as populations continue to increase, particularly in the Southeast. Increased temperatures, changes in regional precipitation regimes, and potential increased sea level may have a great impact on existing hydrological systems in the region. The Savannah River originates at the confluence of the Seneca and Tugaloo Rivers, near Hartwell, Ga., and forms the state boundary between South Carolina and Georgia. The J. Strom Thurmond Dam and Lake, located 238 miles upstream from the Atlantic Ocean, is responsible for most of the flow regulation that affects the Savannah River from Augusta, Ga., to the coast. The Savannah Harbor experiences semi-diurnal tides of two low and two high tides in a 24.8-hour period with pronounced differences in tidal range between neap and spring tides occurring on a 14-day and 28-day lunar cycle. Salinity intrusion results from the interaction of three principal forces - streamflow, mean tidal water levels, and tidal range. To analyze, model, and simulate hydrodynamic behaviors at critical coastal streamgages in the Lower Savannah River Estuary, data-mining techniques were applied to over 15 years of hourly streamflow, coastal water-quality, and water-level data. Artificial neural network (ANN) models were trained to learn the variable interactions that cause salinity intrusions. Streamflow data from the 9,850 square-mile Savannah River Basin were input into the model as time-delayed variables. Tidal inputs to the models were obtained by decomposing tidal water-level data into a &ldquo;periodic&rdquo; signal of tidal range and a &ldquo;chaotic&rdquo; signal of mean water levels. The ANN models were able to convincingly reproduce historical behaviors and generate alternative scenarios of interest. Important freshwater resources are located proximal to the freshwater-saltwater interface of the estuary. The Savannah National Wildlife Refuge is located in the upper portion of the Savannah River Estuary. The tidal freshwater marsh is an essential part of the 28,000-acre refuge and is home to a diverse variety of wildlife and plant communities. Two municipal freshwater intakes are located upstream from the refuge. To evaluate the impact of climate change on salinity intrusion on these resources, inputs of streamflows and mean tidal water levels were modified to incorporate estimated changes in precipitation patterns and sea-level rise appropriate for the Southeastern United States. Changes in mean tidal water levels were changed parametrically for various sea-level rise conditions. Preliminary model results at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Interstate-95 streamgage (station 02198840) for a 7&frac12;-year simulation show that historical daily salinity concentrations never exceeded 0.5 practical salinity units (psu). A 1-foot sea-level rise (ft, 30.5 centimeters [cm]) would increase the number of days of salinity concentrations greater than 0.5 psu to 47 days. A 2-ft (61 cm) sea-level rise would increase the number of days to 248.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"2010 South Carolina Environmental Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"2010 South Carolina Environmental Conference","conferenceDate":"March 13-17 2010","conferenceLocation":"Myrtle Beach, South Carolina","language":"English","publisher":"South Carolina Environmental Conference","usgsCitation":"Conrads, P., Roehl, E.A., Daamen, R.C., Cook, J., Sexton, C.T., Tufford, D.L., Carbone, G.J., and Dow, K., 2010, Estimating salinity intrusion effects due to climate change on the Lower Savannah River Estuary, <i>in</i> 2010 South Carolina Environmental Conference Proceedings, Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, March 13-17 2010, 8 p.","productDescription":"8 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307596,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://cisa.sc.edu/library_CPP.html","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Georgia, South Carolina","otherGeospatial":"Lower Savannah River Estuary","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -81.12866396878053,\n              31.73606362170419\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.08922042433618,\n              31.729354188100046\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.81705996766948,\n              31.98731612795615\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.80128254989155,\n              32.057543979020494\n            ],\n            [\n              -80.6750632076695,\n              32.17780922241056\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.13260832322477,\n              32.38122972273655\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.20755105766925,\n              32.29124741896493\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.27460508322473,\n              31.906989849666886\n            ],\n            [\n              -81.12866396878053,\n              31.73606362170419\n            ]\n          ]\n        ],\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55e034b7e4b0f42e3d040e03","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Conrads, Paul 0000-0003-0408-4208 pconrads@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0408-4208","contributorId":764,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrads","given":"Paul","email":"pconrads@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":570279,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Roehl, Edwin A.","contributorId":89242,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Roehl","given":"Edwin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570280,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Daamen, Ruby C.","contributorId":105391,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Daamen","given":"Ruby","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570281,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cook, John B.","contributorId":45594,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cook","given":"John B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570282,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Sexton, Charles T.","contributorId":147101,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sexton","given":"Charles","email":"","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570283,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Tufford, Daniel L. tufford@sc.edu","contributorId":147102,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tufford","given":"Daniel","email":"tufford@sc.edu","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570284,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Carbone, Gregory J. greg.carbone@sc.edu","contributorId":147103,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Carbone","given":"Gregory","email":"greg.carbone@sc.edu","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570285,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Dow, Kristin","contributorId":147104,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dow","given":"Kristin","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570286,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8}]}}
,{"id":70171521,"text":"70171521 - 2010 - Quantification of surface water and groundwater flows to open‐ and closed‐basin lakes in a headwaters watershed using a descriptive oxygen stable isotope model","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-04-03T13:36:43","indexId":"70171521","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-13T15:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3722,"text":"Water Resources Research","onlineIssn":"1944-7973","printIssn":"0043-1397","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Quantification of surface water and groundwater flows to open‐ and closed‐basin lakes in a headwaters watershed using a descriptive oxygen stable isotope model","docAbstract":"<p><span>Accurate quantification of hydrologic fluxes in lakes is important to resource management and for placing hydrologic solute flux in an appropriate biogeochemical context. Water stable isotopes can be used to describe water movements, but they are typically only effective in lakes with long water residence times. We developed a descriptive time series model of lake surface water oxygen‐18 stable isotope signature (</span><i>δL</i><span>) that was equally useful in open‐ and closed‐basin lakes with very different hydrologic residence times. The model was applied to six lakes, including two closed‐basin lakes and four lakes arranged in a chain connected by a river, located in a headwaters watershed. Groundwater discharge was calculated by manual optimization, and other hydrologic flows were constrained by measured values including precipitation, evaporation, and streamflow at several stream gages. Modeled and observed<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δL</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were highly correlated in all lakes (</span><i>r</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>= 0.84–0.98), suggesting that the model adequately described<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>δL</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>in these lakes. Average modeled stream discharge at two points along the river, 16,000 and 11,800 m</span><sup>3</sup><span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, compares favorably with synoptic measurement of stream discharge at these sites, 17,600 and 13,700 m</span><sup>3</sup><span><span>&nbsp;</span>d</span><sup>−1</sup><span>, respectively. Water yields in this watershed were much higher, 0.23–0.45 m, than water yields calculated from gaged streamflow in regional rivers, approximately 0.10 m, suggesting that regional groundwater discharge supports water flux through these headwaters lakes. Sensitivity and robustness analyses also emphasized the importance of considering hydrologic residence time when designing a sampling protocol for stable isotope use in lake hydrology studies.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009WR007793","usgsCitation":"Stets, E., Winter, T.C., Rosenberry, D.O., and Striegl, R.G., 2010, Quantification of surface water and groundwater flows to open‐ and closed‐basin lakes in a headwaters watershed using a descriptive oxygen stable isotope model: Water Resources Research, v. 46, no. 3, Article W03515; 16 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009WR007793.","productDescription":"Article W03515; 16 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-011379","costCenters":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475740,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009wr007793","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":322109,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"46","issue":"3","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-03-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"575158b8e4b053f0edd03c7f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stets, Edward G. estets@usgs.gov","contributorId":152533,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stets","given":"Edward G.","email":"estets@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631581,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Winter, Thomas C.","contributorId":84736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Winter","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":631578,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rosenberry, Donald O. 0000-0003-0681-5641 rosenber@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0681-5641","contributorId":1312,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rosenberry","given":"Donald","email":"rosenber@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"O.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":631579,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Striegl, Robert G. 0000-0002-8251-4659 rstriegl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8251-4659","contributorId":1630,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Striegl","given":"Robert","email":"rstriegl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":36183,"text":"Hydro-Ecological Interactions Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":631580,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98253,"text":"ofr20091284 - 2010 - Geophysical characterization of subsurface properties relevant to the hydrology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T21:52:18.189868","indexId":"ofr20091284","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1284","title":"Geophysical characterization of subsurface properties relevant to the hydrology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Colorado","docAbstract":"Geophysical data were collected at the Standard Mine in Elk Basin near Crested Butte, Colorado, to help improve the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's understanding of the hydrogeologic controls in the basin and how they affect surface and groundwater interactions with nearby mine workings. These data are discussed in the context of geologic observations at the site, the details of which are provided in a separate report. This integrated approach uses the geologic observations to help constrain subsurface information obtained from the analysis of surface geophysical measurements, which is a critical step toward using the geophysical data in a meaningful hydrogeologic framework. This approach combines the benefit of many direct but sparse field observations with spatially continuous but indirect measurements of physical properties through the use of geophysics. Surface geophysical data include: (1) electrical resistivity profiles aimed at imaging variability in subsurface structures and fluid content; (2) self-potentials, which are sensitive to mineralized zones at this site and, to a lesser extent, shallow-flow patterns; and (3) magnetic measurements, which provide information on lateral variability in near-surface geologic features, although there are few magnetic minerals in the rocks at this site.\r\n\r\nResults from the resistivity data indicate a general two-layer model in which an upper highly resistive unit, 3 to 10 meters thick, overlies a less resistive unit that is imaged to depths of 20 to 25 meters. The high resistivity of the upper unit likely is attributed to unsaturated conditions, meaning that the contact between the upper and lower units may correspond to the water table. Significant lateral heterogeneity is observed because of the presence of major features such as the Standard and Elk fault veins, as well as highly heterogeneous joint distributions. Very high resistivities (greater than 10 kiloohmmeters) are observed in locations that may correspond to more silicified, lower porosity rock. Several thin (2 to 3 meters deep and up to tens of meters wide) low-resistivity features in the very near surface coincide with observed surface-water drainage features at the site. These are limited to depths less than 3 meters and may indicate surface and very shallow groundwater flowing downhill on top of less permeable bedrock. The data do not clearly point to discrete zones of high infiltration, but these cannot be ruled out given the heterogeneous nature of joints in the shallow subsurface. Disseminated and localized electrically conductive mineralization do not appear to play a strong role in controlling the resistivity values, which generally are high throughout the site. \r\n\r\nThe self-potential analysis highlights the Standard fault vein, the northwest (NW) Elk vein near the Elk portal, and several polymetallic quartz veins. These features contain sulfide minerals in the subsurface that form an electrochemical cell that produces their distinct self-potential signal. A smaller component of the self-potential signal is attributed to relatively moderate topographically driven shallow groundwater flow, which is most prevalent in the vicinity of Elk Creek and to a lesser extent in the area of surface-water drainage below the Level 5 portal. Given the anomalies associated with the electrochemical weathering near the Standard fault vein, it is not possible to completely rule out downward infiltration of surface water and shallow groundwater intersected by the fault, though this is an unlikely scenario given the available data.\r\n\r\nMagnetic data show little variation, consistent with the mostly nonmagnetic host rocks and mineralization at the site, which is verified by magnetic susceptibility measurements and X-ray diffraction mineralogy data on local rock samples. The contact between the Ohio Creek Member of the Mesaverde Formation and Wasatch Formation coincides with a change in character of the magnetic signature, though","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091284","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Minsley, B.J., Ball, L.B., Burton, B., Caine, J.S., Curry-Elrod, E., and Manning, A.H., 2010, Geophysical characterization of subsurface properties relevant to the hydrology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1284, vi, 41 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091284.","productDescription":"vi, 41 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125798,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/Ofr_2009_1284.jpg"},{"id":402901,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92030.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13506,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1284/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","otherGeospatial":"Elk Basin, Standard Mine","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -107.0758,\n              38.8294\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0656,\n              38.8294\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0656,\n              38.8372\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0758,\n              38.8372\n            ],\n            [\n              -107.0758,\n              38.8294\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67c4cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Minsley, Burke J. 0000-0003-1689-1306 bminsley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1689-1306","contributorId":697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Minsley","given":"Burke","email":"bminsley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304810,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ball, Lyndsay B. 0000-0002-6356-4693 lbball@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6356-4693","contributorId":1138,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ball","given":"Lyndsay","email":"lbball@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304811,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Burton, Bethany L. 0000-0001-5011-7862 blburton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5011-7862","contributorId":1341,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Burton","given":"Bethany L.","email":"blburton@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304813,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304814,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Curry-Elrod, Erika","contributorId":83634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curry-Elrod","given":"Erika","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304815,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304812,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98250,"text":"ofr20101008 - 2010 - Characterization of Geologic Structures and Host Rock Properties Relevant to the Hydrogeology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-09-26T09:54:25","indexId":"ofr20101008","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1008","title":"Characterization of Geologic Structures and Host Rock Properties Relevant to the Hydrogeology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado","docAbstract":"The Standard Mine Superfund Site is a source of mine drainage and associated heavy metal contamination of surface and groundwaters. The site contains Tertiary polymetallic quartz veins and fault zones that host precious and base metal sulfide mineralization common in Colorado. To assist the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency in its effort to remediate mine-related contamination, we characterized geologic structures, host rocks, and their potential hydraulic properties to better understand the sources of contaminants and the local hydrogeology. Real time kinematic and handheld global positioning systems were used to locate and map precisely the geometry of the surface traces of structures and mine-related features, such as portals. New reconnaissance geologic mapping, field and x-ray diffraction mineralogy, rock sample collection, thin-section analysis, and elemental geochemical analysis were completed to characterize hydrothermal alteration, mineralization, and subsequent leaching of metallic phases. Surface and subsurface observations, fault vein and fracture network characterization, borehole geophysical logging, and mercury injection capillary entry pressure data were used to document potential controls on the hydrologic system.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101008","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency","usgsCitation":"Caine, J.S., Manning, A.H., Berger, B.R., Kremer, Y., Guzman, M., Eberl, D.D., and Schuller, K., 2010, Characterization of Geologic Structures and Host Rock Properties Relevant to the Hydrogeology of the Standard Mine in Elk Basin, Gunnison County, Colorado: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1008, v, 55 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101008.","productDescription":"v, 55 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125794,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1008.jpg"},{"id":13503,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1008/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -107.1,38.834722222222226 ], [ -107.1,38.918055555555554 ], [ -106.91666666666667,38.918055555555554 ], [ -106.91666666666667,38.834722222222226 ], [ -107.1,38.834722222222226 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e2e4b07f02db5e4e68","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Caine, Jonathan S. 0000-0002-7269-6989 jscaine@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7269-6989","contributorId":1272,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Caine","given":"Jonathan","email":"jscaine@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304806,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Manning, Andrew H. 0000-0002-6404-1237 amanning@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6404-1237","contributorId":1305,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Manning","given":"Andrew","email":"amanning@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304801,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berger, Byron R. bberger@usgs.gov","contributorId":1490,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berger","given":"Byron","email":"bberger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Kremer, Yannick","contributorId":78436,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kremer","given":"Yannick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Guzman, Mario A.","contributorId":87652,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guzman","given":"Mario A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304807,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Eberl, Dennis D.","contributorId":68388,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eberl","given":"Dennis","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Schuller, Kathryn","contributorId":45025,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuller","given":"Kathryn","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7}]}}
,{"id":98251,"text":"ofr20101009 - 2010 - Hydrologic Evaluation of the Jungo Area, Southern Desert Valley, Nevada ","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20101009","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-09T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1009","title":"Hydrologic Evaluation of the Jungo Area, Southern Desert Valley, Nevada ","docAbstract":"RecologyTM, the primary San Francisco waste-disposal entity, is proposing to develop a Class 1 landfill near Jungo, Nevada. The proposal calls for the landfill to receive by rail about 20,000 tons of waste per week for up to 50 years. On September 22, 2009, the Interior Appropriation (S.A. 2494) was amended to require the U.S. Geological Survey to evaluate the proposed Jungo landfill site for: (1) potential water-quality impacts on nearby surface-water resources, including Rye Patch Reservoir and the Humboldt River; (2) potential impacts on municipal water resources of Winnemucca, Nevada; (3) locations and altitudes of aquifers; (4) how long it will take waste seepage from the site to contaminate local aquifers; and (5) the direction and distance that contaminated groundwater would travel at 95 and 190 years. This evaluation was based on review of existing data and information.\r\n\r\nDesert Valley is tributary to the Black Rock Desert via the Quinn River in northern Desert Valley. The Humboldt River and Rye Patch Reservoir would not be affected by surface releases from the proposed Jungo landfill site because they are in the Humboldt basin. Winnemucca, on the Humboldt River, is 30 miles east of the Jungo landfill site and in the Humboldt basin. Groundwater-flow directions indicate that subsurface flow near the proposed Jungo landfill site is toward the south-southwest. Therefore, municipal water resources of Winnemucca would not be affected by surface or subsurface releases from the proposed Jungo landfill site.\r\n\r\nBasin-fill aquifers underlie the 680-square-mile valley floor in Desert Valley. Altitudes around the proposed Jungo landfill site range from 4,162 to 4,175 feet. Depth to groundwater is fairly shallow in southern Desert Valley and is about 60 feet below land surface at the proposed Jungo landfill site. A groundwater divide exists about 7 miles north of the proposed Jungo landfill site. Groundwater north of the divide flows north towards the Quinn River. South of the divide and near the proposed Jungo landfill site, groundwater flows in a south-southwesterly direction. Data are insufficient to determine whether groundwater eventually flows into Rye Patch Reservoir or other adjacent valleys. Estimates indicate that contaminants would travel about 0.02 mile and a maximum of 2.5 miles in 95 years and about 0.04 mile and a maximum of 5.0 miles in 190 years. The closest supply wells that could be impacted by contaminants are 5 to 6 miles downgradient and are used for industry, irrigation, and stock watering.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101009","usgsCitation":"Lopes, T.J., 2010, Hydrologic Evaluation of the Jungo Area, Southern Desert Valley, Nevada : U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1009, iv, 9 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101009.","productDescription":"iv, 9 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":465,"text":"Nevada Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13504,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1009/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118.75,40.416666666666664 ], [ -118.75,41.583333333333336 ], [ -117.6,41.583333333333336 ], [ -117.6,40.416666666666664 ], [ -118.75,40.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a2de4b07f02db6149cd","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lopes, Thomas J. tjlopes@usgs.gov","contributorId":2302,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lopes","given":"Thomas","email":"tjlopes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304808,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98231,"text":"ofr20101027 - 2010 - Multitemporal L- and C-Band synthetic aperture radar to highlight differences in water status among boreal forest and wetland systems in the Yukon Flats, Interior Alaska","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-05T08:06:10","indexId":"ofr20101027","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-06T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1027","title":"Multitemporal L- and C-Band synthetic aperture radar to highlight differences in water status among boreal forest and wetland systems in the Yukon Flats, Interior Alaska","docAbstract":"<p>Tracking landscape-scale water status in high-latitude boreal systems is indispensable to understanding the fate of stored and sequestered carbon in a climate change scenario. Spaceborne synthetic aperture radar (SAR) imagery provides critical information for water and moisture status in Alaskan boreal environments at the landscape scale. When combined with results from optical sensor analyses, a complementary picture of vegetation, biomass, and water status emerges. Whereas L-band SAR showed better inherent capacity to map water status, C-band had much more temporal coverage in this study. Analysis through the use of L- and C-band SARs combined with Landsat Enhanced Thematic Mapper Plus (ETM+) enables landscape stratification by vegetation and by seasonal and interannual hydrology. Resultant classifications are highly relevant to biogeochemistry at the landscape scale. These results enhance our understanding of ecosystem processes relevant to carbon balance and may be scaled up to inform regional carbon flux estimates and better parameterize general circulation models (GCMs).</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101027","usgsCitation":"Balser, A.W., and Wylie, B.K., 2010, Multitemporal L- and C-Band synthetic aperture radar to highlight differences in water status among boreal forest and wetland systems in the Yukon Flats, Interior Alaska: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1027, iv, 21 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101027.","productDescription":"iv, 21 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126472,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1027.jpg"},{"id":13492,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1027/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -146.43333333333334,66.18333333333334 ], [ -146.43333333333334,66.38333333333334 ], [ -145.88333333333333,66.38333333333334 ], [ -145.88333333333333,66.18333333333334 ], [ -146.43333333333334,66.18333333333334 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b32e4b07f02db6b48d4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Balser, Andrew W.","contributorId":100965,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Balser","given":"Andrew","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304733,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Wylie, Bruce K. 0000-0002-7374-1083 wylie@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7374-1083","contributorId":750,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wylie","given":"Bruce","email":"wylie@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304732,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70178260,"text":"70178260 - 2010 - Biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant dynamics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T07:11:34","indexId":"70178260","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1565,"text":"Environmental Science & Technology","onlineIssn":"1520-5851","printIssn":"0013-936X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant dynamics","docAbstract":"<p><span>Life and element cycling on Earth is directly related to electron transfer (or redox) reactions. An understanding of biogeochemical redox processes is crucial for predicting and protecting environmental health and can provide new opportunities for engineered remediation strategies. Energy can be released and stored by means of redox reactions via the oxidation of labile organic carbon or inorganic compounds (electron donors) by microorganisms coupled to the reduction of electron acceptors including humic substances, iron-bearing minerals, transition metals, metalloids, and actinides. Environmental redox processes play key roles in the formation and dissolution of mineral phases. Redox cycling of naturally occurring trace elements and their host minerals often controls the release or sequestration of inorganic contaminants. Redox processes control the chemical speciation, bioavailability, toxicity, and mobility of many major and trace elements including Fe, Mn, C, P, N, S, Cr, Cu, Co, As, Sb, Se, Hg, Tc, and U. Redox-active humic substances and mineral surfaces can catalyze the redox transformation and degradation of organic contaminants. In this review article, we highlight recent advances in our understanding of biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant fate and transport, including future research needs.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Chemical Society","doi":"10.1021/es9026248","usgsCitation":"Borch, T., Kretzschmar, R., Kappler, A., Van Cappellen, P., Ginder-Vogel, M., and Campbell, K.M., 2010, Biogeochemical redox processes and their impact on contaminant dynamics: Environmental Science & Technology, v. 44, no. 1, p. 15-23, https://doi.org/10.1021/es9026248.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"15","endPage":"23","ipdsId":"IP-018225","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475744,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1021/es9026248","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":330920,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"44","issue":"1","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-14","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58259562e4b01fad86db241d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Borch, Thomas","contributorId":84617,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Borch","given":"Thomas","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653476,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kretzschmar, Ruben","contributorId":176771,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kretzschmar","given":"Ruben","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653477,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kappler, Andreas","contributorId":176768,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Kappler","given":"Andreas","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653478,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Van Cappellen, Philippe","contributorId":176770,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Van Cappellen","given":"Philippe","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653479,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Ginder-Vogel, Matthew","contributorId":176769,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ginder-Vogel","given":"Matthew","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":653480,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Campbell, Kate M. 0000-0002-8715-5544 kcampbell@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8715-5544","contributorId":1441,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Campbell","given":"Kate","email":"kcampbell@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":653481,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98225,"text":"ofr20101039 - 2010 - Relations Between Rainfall and Postfire Debris-Flow and Flood Magnitudes for Emergency-Response Planning, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:04:47","indexId":"ofr20101039","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-03T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1039","title":"Relations Between Rainfall and Postfire Debris-Flow and Flood Magnitudes for Emergency-Response Planning, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California","docAbstract":"Following wildfires, emergency-response and public-safety agencies are faced often with making evacuation decisions and deploying resources both well in advance of each coming winter storm and during storms themselves. Information critical to this process is provided for recently burned areas in the San Gabriel Mountains of southern California. The National Weather Service (NWS) issues Quantitative Precipitation Forecasts (QPFs) for the San Gabriel Mountains twice a day, at approximately 4 a.m. and 4 p.m., along with unscheduled updates when conditions change. QPFs provide estimates of rainfall totals in 3-hour increments for the first 12-hour period and in 6-hour increments for the second 12-hour period. Estimates of one-hour rainfall intensities can be provided in the forecast narrative, along with probable peak intensities and timing, although with less confidence than rainfall totals. A compilation of information on the hydrologic response to winter storms from recently burned areas in southern California steeplands was used to develop a system for classifying the magnitude of the postfire hydrologic response. The four-class system is based on a combination of the reported volume of individual debris flows, the consequences of these events in an urban setting, and the spatial extent of the response to the triggering storm. Threshold rainfall conditions associated with debris flow and floods of different magnitude classes are defined by integrating local rainfall data with debris-flow and flood magnitude information. The within-storm rainfall accumulations (A) and durations (D) above which magnitude I events are expected are defined by A=0.3D0.6. The function A=0.5D0.6 defines the within-storm rainfall accumulations and durations above which a magnitude III event will occur in response to a regional-scale storm, and a magnitude II event will occur if the storm affects only a few drainage basins. The function A=1.0D0.5defines the rainfall conditions above which magnitude III events can be expected. Rainfall trigger-magnitude relations are linked with potential emergency-response actions in the form of an emergency-response decision chart. The chart leads a user through steps to determine potential event magnitudes, and identify possible evacuation and resource-deployment levels as a function of either individual storm forecasts or measured precipitation during storms. The ability to use this information in the planning and response decision-making process may result in significant financial savings and increased safety for both the public and emergency responders.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101039","collaboration":"In cooperation with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, National Weather Service\r\n","usgsCitation":"Cannon, S.H., Boldt, E.M., Kean, J.W., Laber, J., and Staley, D.M., 2010, Relations Between Rainfall and Postfire Debris-Flow and Flood Magnitudes for Emergency-Response Planning, San Gabriel Mountains, Southern California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1039, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101039.","productDescription":"31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":428,"text":"National Landslide Information Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":133890,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13485,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1039/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c239","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cannon, Susan H. cannon@usgs.gov","contributorId":1019,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cannon","given":"Susan","email":"cannon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304713,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Boldt, Eric M.","contributorId":88325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Boldt","given":"Eric","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kean, Jason W. 0000-0003-3089-0369 jwkean@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3089-0369","contributorId":1654,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kean","given":"Jason","email":"jwkean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304714,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Laber, Jayme","contributorId":17580,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Laber","given":"Jayme","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Staley, Dennis M. 0000-0002-2239-3402 dstaley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2239-3402","contributorId":4134,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staley","given":"Dennis","email":"dstaley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304715,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98219,"text":"ofr20101015 - 2010 - Compilation of Water-Resources Data and Hydrogeologic Setting for the Allison Woods Research Station in Iredell County, North Carolina, 2005-2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-08T13:46:31","indexId":"ofr20101015","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1015","title":"Compilation of Water-Resources Data and Hydrogeologic Setting for the Allison Woods Research Station in Iredell County, North Carolina, 2005-2008","docAbstract":"Water-resources data were collected to describe the hydrologic conditions at the Allison Woods research station near Statesville, North Carolina, in the Piedmont Physiographic Province of North Carolina. Data collected by the U.S. Geological Survey and the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, from April 2005 through September 2008 are presented in this report.\r\n\r\nData presented include well-construction characteristics and periodic groundwater-level measurements for 29 wells, borehole geophysical logs for 8 wells, hourly groundwater-level measurements for 5 wells, continuous water-quality measurements for 3 wells, periodic water-quality samples for 12 wells and 1 surface-water station, slug-test results for 11 wells, and shallow groundwater-flow maps. In addition, the geology and hydrogeology at the site are summarized. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101015","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality","usgsCitation":"Huffman, B.A., and Abraham, J., 2010, Compilation of Water-Resources Data and Hydrogeologic Setting for the Allison Woods Research Station in Iredell County, North Carolina, 2005-2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1015, vi, 37 p. Appendices, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101015.","productDescription":"vi, 37 p. Appendices","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2005-04-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125796,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2010_1015.jpg"},{"id":13477,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1015/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"1","country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","county":"Iredell 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Carolina\",\"nation\":\"USA  \"}}]}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ee4b07f02db6a9e20","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Huffman, Brad A. 0000-0003-4025-1325 bahuffma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4025-1325","contributorId":1596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Huffman","given":"Brad","email":"bahuffma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304691,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Abraham, Joju","contributorId":75249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Abraham","given":"Joju","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304692,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":98220,"text":"sir20105006 - 2010 - Assessment of physical, chemical, and hydrologic factors affecting the infiltration of treated wastewater in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, with emphasis on the Hammonton Land Application Facility","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-11-30T20:06:52.710488","indexId":"sir20105006","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5006","title":"Assessment of physical, chemical, and hydrologic factors affecting the infiltration of treated wastewater in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, with emphasis on the Hammonton Land Application Facility","docAbstract":"A hydrogeologic and water-quality investigation of the Hammonton Land Application Facility (Hammonton LAF) in Hammonton, New Jersey, was conducted to determine the factors that impede the infiltration of treated wastewater and to assess the potential for similar conditions to exist elsewhere in the Coastal Plain of New Jersey (particularly within the Pinelands National Reserve). Gamma logs, sediment cores, and hydraulic-profile testing indicate that extensive fine-grained strata and iron-cemented sands underlying the Hammonton LAF may impede infiltration and lead to the perching of diluted treated wastewater. Perched water was observed in augured holes adjacent to infiltration trenches, and analysis of wastewater loading and infiltration data indicates that infiltration trenches may receive lateral flow from multiple perched-water sources. Analysis of water-quality properties characteristic of treated wastewater show that although infiltrated wastewater is reaching the underlying aquifer, lengthy holding times and a long recharge pathway greatly reduce the concentrations of nitrate, boron, and many organic compounds typical of wastewater. Conditions at two currently operating facilities and one potential future facility in the New Jersey Coastal Plain were compared to those at the Hammonton Land Application Facility (LAF). Facilities operating as designed are not underlain by the restrictive strata that exist at the Hammonton LAF. Careful characterization of the geology and hydrology of the unsaturated zone underlying infiltration structures of future facilities in the New Jersey Coastal Plain and similar hydrogeologic settings will help to avoid constructing infiltration structures over or within low-hydraulic-conductivity strata that will decrease infiltration rates.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20105006","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the New Jersey Pinelands Commission and the Town of Hammonton, New Jersey","usgsCitation":"Reilly, T.J., Romanok, K., Tessler, S., and Fischer, J., 2010, Assessment of physical, chemical, and hydrologic factors affecting the infiltration of treated wastewater in the New Jersey Coastal Plain, with emphasis on the Hammonton Land Application Facility: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5006, viii, 50p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105006.","productDescription":"viii, 50p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2006-11-01","temporalEnd":"2007-06-30","costCenters":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":423104,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_92022.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13478,"rank":3,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5006/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":359072,"rank":2,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5006/pdf/sir2010-5006.pdf","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":125369,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5006.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -75.2,\n              39.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.75,\n              39.45\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.75,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -75.2,\n              39.45\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afee4b07f02db69730b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Reilly, Timothy J. 0000-0002-2939-3050 tjreilly@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2939-3050","contributorId":1858,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Reilly","given":"Timothy","email":"tjreilly@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":470,"text":"New Jersey Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304694,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Romanok, Kristin M.","contributorId":6523,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Romanok","given":"Kristin M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304696,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tessler, Steven stessler@usgs.gov","contributorId":3772,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tessler","given":"Steven","email":"stessler@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304695,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Fischer, Jeffrey M. 0000-0003-2996-9272 fischer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2996-9272","contributorId":573,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fischer","given":"Jeffrey M.","email":"fischer@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304693,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70200239,"text":"70200239 - 2010 - Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008 injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-11T18:23:48","indexId":"70200239","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T18:23:17","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008 injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana","docAbstract":"<p><span>Approximately 300&nbsp;kg/day of food-grade CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;was injected through a perforated pipe placed horizontally 2–2.3&nbsp;m deep during July 9–August 7, 2008 at the MSU-ZERT field test to evaluate atmospheric and near-surface monitoring and detection techniques applicable to the subsurface storage and potential leakage of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>. As part of this multidisciplinary research project, 80 samples of water were collected from 10 shallow monitoring wells (1.5 or 3.0&nbsp;m deep) installed 1–6&nbsp;m from the injection pipe, at the southwestern end of the slotted section (zone VI), and from two distant monitoring wells. The samples were collected before, during, and following CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection. The main objective of study was to investigate changes in the concentrations of major, minor, and trace inorganic and organic compounds during and following CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection. The ultimate goals were (1) to better understand the potential of groundwater quality impacts related to CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;leakage from deep storage operations, (2) to develop geochemical tools that could provide early detection of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;intrusion into underground sources of drinking water (USDW), and (3) to test the predictive capabilities of geochemical codes against field data. Field determinations showed rapid and systematic changes in pH (7.0–5.6), alkalinity (400–1,330&nbsp;mg/l as HCO</span><sub>3</sub><span>), and electrical conductance (600–1,800&nbsp;μS/cm) following CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection in samples collected from the 1.5&nbsp;m-deep wells. Laboratory results show major increases in the concentrations of Ca (90–240&nbsp;mg/l), Mg (25–70&nbsp;mg/l), Fe (5–1,200&nbsp;ppb), and Mn (5–1,400&nbsp;ppb) following CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection. These chemical changes could provide early detection of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;leakage into shallow groundwater from deep storage operations. Dissolution of observed carbonate minerals and desorption-ion exchange resulting from lowered pH values following CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection are the likely geochemical processes responsible for the observed increases in the concentrations of solutes; concentrations generally decreased temporarily following four significant precipitation events. The DOC values obtained are 5&nbsp;±&nbsp;2&nbsp;mg/l, and the variations do not correlate with CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection. CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;injection, however, is responsible for detection of BTEX (e.g. benzene, 0–0.8&nbsp;ppb), mobilization of metals, the lowered pH values, and increases in the concentrations of other solutes in groundwater. The trace metal and BTEX concentrations are all significantly below the maximum contaminant levels (MCLs). Sequential leaching of core samples is being carried out to investigate the source of metals and other solutes.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1","usgsCitation":"Kharaka, Y.K., Thordsen, J., Kakouros, E., Ambats, G., Herkelrath, W.N., Beers, S.R., Birkholzer, J., Apps, J.A., Spycher, N.F., Zheng, L., Trautz, R.C., Rauch, H.W., and Gullickson, K., 2010, Changes in the chemistry of shallow groundwater related to the 2008 injection of CO2 at the ZERT field site, Bozeman, Montana: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 60, no. 2, p. 273-284, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"273","endPage":"284","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475745,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0401-1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358311,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Montana","city":"Bozeman","volume":"60","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-19","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c749e4b034bf6a7f543e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kharaka, Yousif K. 0000-0001-9861-8260 ykharaka@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9861-8260","contributorId":1928,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kharaka","given":"Yousif","email":"ykharaka@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748360,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Thordsen, James J. jthordsn@usgs.gov","contributorId":3329,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Thordsen","given":"James J.","email":"jthordsn@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748361,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kakouros, Evangelos 0000-0002-4778-4039 kakouros@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4778-4039","contributorId":2587,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kakouros","given":"Evangelos","email":"kakouros@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37464,"text":"WMA - Laboratory & Analytical Services Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748362,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ambats, Gil","contributorId":205841,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Ambats","given":"Gil","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37174,"text":"Volunteer","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748363,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Herkelrath, William N. 0000-0002-6149-5524 wnherkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6149-5524","contributorId":2612,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herkelrath","given":"William","email":"wnherkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748364,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Beers, Sarah R.","contributorId":209331,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beers","given":"Sarah","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748365,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Birkholzer, J.T.","contributorId":18596,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Birkholzer","given":"J.T.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748366,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Apps, J. A.","contributorId":60386,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Apps","given":"J.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748367,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Spycher, Nicholas F.","contributorId":209332,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Spycher","given":"Nicholas","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748368,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Zheng, Liange","contributorId":209333,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zheng","given":"Liange","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748369,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":10},{"text":"Trautz, Robert C.","contributorId":171754,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Trautz","given":"Robert","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":26941,"text":"Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, CA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":748370,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":11},{"text":"Rauch, Henry W.","contributorId":209334,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rauch","given":"Henry","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748371,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":12},{"text":"Gullickson, K.S.","contributorId":26907,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gullickson","given":"K.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":748372,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":13}]}}
,{"id":70156094,"text":"70156094 - 2010 - Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-02-16T12:27:10","indexId":"70156094","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T12:15:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1696,"text":"Freshwater Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams","docAbstract":"<div class=\"para\">\n<p>1. Water abstraction strongly affects streams in arid and semiarid ecosystems, particularly where there is a Mediterranean climate. Excessive abstraction reduces the availability of water for human uses downstream and impairs the capacity of streams to support native biota.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>2. We investigated the flow regime and related variables in six river basins of the Iberian Peninsula and show that they have been strongly altered, with declining flows (autoregressive models) and groundwater levels during the 20th century. These streams had lower flows and more frequent droughts than predicted by the official hydrological model used in this region. Three of these rivers were sometimes dry, whereas there were predicted by the model to be permanently flowing. Meanwhile, there has been no decrease in annual precipitation.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>3. We also investigated the fish assemblage of a stream in one of these river basins (Tordera) for 6&nbsp;years and show that sites more affected by water abstraction display significant differences in four fish metrics (catch per unit effort, number of benthic species, number of intolerant species and proportional abundance of intolerant individuals) commonly used to assess the biotic condition of streams.</p>\n</div>\n<div class=\"para\">\n<p>4. We discuss the utility of these metrics in assessing impacts of water abstraction and point out the need for detailed characterisation of the natural flow regime (and hence drought events) prior to the application of biotic indices in streams severely affected by water abstraction. In particular, in cases of artificially dry streams, it is more appropriate for regulatory agencies to assign index scores that reflect biotic degradation than to assign &lsquo;missing&rsquo; scores, as is presently customary in assessments of Iberian streams.</p>\n</div>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02299.x","usgsCitation":"Benejam, L., Angermeier, P.L., Munne, A., and García-Berthou, E., 2010, Assessing effects of water abstraction on fish assemblages in Mediterranean streams: Freshwater Biology, v. 55, no. 3, p. 628-642, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2427.2009.02299.x.","productDescription":"15 p.","startPage":"628","endPage":"642","numberOfPages":"15","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-010521","costCenters":[{"id":199,"text":"Coop Res Unit Leetown","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":306790,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"Spain","otherGeospatial":"Iberian Peninsula, Tordera basin","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              3.1757354736328125,\n              42.434099830764275\n            ],\n            [\n              3.0796051025390625,\n              42.43460661010741\n            ],\n            [\n              3.043212890625,\n              42.476148570254516\n            ],\n            [\n              2.9498291015625,\n              42.48019996901214\n            ],\n            [\n              2.8420257568359375,\n              42.45892719924497\n            ],\n            [\n              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Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Munne, Antoni","contributorId":146558,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Munne","given":"Antoni","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568244,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"García-Berthou, Emili","contributorId":6293,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"García-Berthou","given":"Emili","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":568245,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70199986,"text":"70199986 - 2010 - Patterns and scales of phytoplankton variability in estuarine: Coastal ecosystems","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T08:50:48","indexId":"70199986","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T08:50:16","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Patterns and scales of phytoplankton variability in estuarine: Coastal ecosystems","docAbstract":"<p><span>Phytoplankton variability is a primary driver of chemical and biological dynamics in the coastal zone because it directly affects water quality, biogeochemical cycling of reactive elements, and food supply to consumer organisms. Much has been learned about patterns of phytoplankton variability within individual ecosystems, but patterns have not been compared across the diversity of ecosystem types where marine waters are influenced by connectivity to land. We extracted patterns from chlorophyll-</span><i class=\"EmphasisTypeItalic \">a</i><span>&nbsp;series measured at 84 estuarine–coastal sites, using a model that decomposes time series into an annual effect, mean seasonal pattern, and residual “events.” Comparisons across sites revealed a large range of variability patterns, with some dominated by a recurrent seasonal pattern, others dominated by annual (i.e., year-to-year) variability as trends or regime shifts and others dominated by the residual component, which includes exceptional bloom events such as red tides. Why is the partitioning of phytoplankton variability at these three scales so diverse? We propose a hypothesis to guide next steps of comparative analysis: large year-to-year variability is a response to disturbance from human activities or shifts in the climate system; strong seasonal patterns develop where the governing processes are linked to the annual climate cycle; and large event-scale variability occurs at sites highly enriched with nutrients. Patterns of phytoplankton variability are therefore shaped by the site-specific relative importance of disturbance, annual climatology, and nutrient enrichment.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer-Verlag","doi":"10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3","usgsCitation":"Cloern, J.E., and Jassby, A.D., 2010, Patterns and scales of phytoplankton variability in estuarine: Coastal ecosystems: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 33, no. 2, p. 230-241, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"230","endPage":"241","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":475747,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9195-3","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358225,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"33","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10c749e4b034bf6a7f5444","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Cloern, James E. 0000-0002-5880-6862 jecloern@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5880-6862","contributorId":1488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cloern","given":"James","email":"jecloern@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":747629,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Jassby, Alan D.","contributorId":66403,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jassby","given":"Alan","email":"","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":747630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70189906,"text":"70189906 - 2010 - The influence of topology on hydraulic conductivity in a sand-and-gravel aquifer","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-25T20:48:12.732002","indexId":"70189906","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The influence of topology on hydraulic conductivity in a sand-and-gravel aquifer","docAbstract":"<p><span>A field experiment consisting of geophysical logging and tracer testing was conducted in a single well that penetrated a sand‐and‐gravel aquifer at the U.S. Geological Survey Toxic Substances Hydrology research site on Cape Cod, Massachusetts. Geophysical logs and flowmeter/pumping measurements were obtained to estimate vertical profiles of porosity ϕ, hydraulic conductivity&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>, temperature, and bulk electrical conductivity under background, freshwater conditions. Saline‐tracer fluid was then injected into the well for 2 h and its radial migration into the surrounding deposits was monitored by recording an electromagnetic‐induction log every 10 min. The field data are analyzed and interpreted primarily through the use of Archie's (1942) law to investigate the role of topological factors such as pore geometry and connectivity, and grain size and packing configuration in regulating fluid flow through these coarse‐grained materials. The logs reveal no significant correlation between&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;and ϕ, and imply that groundwater models that link these two properties may not be useful at this site. Rather, it is the distribution and connectivity of the fluid phase as defined by formation factor&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>, cementation index&nbsp;</span><i>m</i><span>, and tortuosity α that primarily control the hydraulic conductivity. Results show that&nbsp;</span><i>F</i><span>&nbsp;correlates well with&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>, thereby indicating that induction logs provide qualitative information on the distribution of hydraulic conductivity. A comparison of α, which incorporates porosity data, with&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>&nbsp;produces only a slightly better correlation and further emphasizes the weak influence of the bulk value of ϕ on&nbsp;</span><i>K</i><span>.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"National Ground Water Association","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00646.x","usgsCitation":"Morin, R.H., LeBlanc, D.R., and Troutman, B., 2010, The influence of topology on hydraulic conductivity in a sand-and-gravel aquifer: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 2, p. 181-190, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00646.x.","productDescription":"10 p.","startPage":"181","endPage":"190","ipdsId":"IP-013164","costCenters":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":344493,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Massachusetts","city":"Cape Cod","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -70.5596923828125,\n              41.58360681482734\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.51986694335938,\n              41.58360681482734\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.51986694335938,\n              41.62673502076991\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5596923828125,\n              41.62673502076991\n            ],\n            [\n              -70.5596923828125,\n              41.58360681482734\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"48","issue":"2","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":2,"text":"Denver PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-25","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59819317e4b0e2f5d463b7b5","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Morin, Roger H. rhmorin@usgs.gov","contributorId":2432,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morin","given":"Roger","email":"rhmorin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":706725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"LeBlanc, Denis R. 0000-0002-4646-2628 dleblanc@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4646-2628","contributorId":1696,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"LeBlanc","given":"Denis","email":"dleblanc@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":706724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Troutman, Brent M.","contributorId":41040,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Troutman","given":"Brent M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":706726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70044275,"text":"70044275 - 2010 - Representing pump-capacity relations in groundwater simulation models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-10T11:19:35","indexId":"70044275","displayToPublicDate":"2010-03-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1861,"text":"Ground Water","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Representing pump-capacity relations in groundwater simulation models","docAbstract":"The yield (or discharge) of constant-speed pumps varies with the total dynamic head (or lift) against which the pump is discharging. The variation in yield over the operating range of the pump may be substantial. In groundwater simulations that are used for management evaluations or other purposes, where predictive accuracy depends on the reliability of future discharge estimates, model reliability may be enhanced by including the effects of head-capacity (or pump-capacity) relations on the discharge from the well. A relatively simple algorithm has been incorporated into the widely used MODFLOW groundwater flow model that allows a model user to specify head-capacity curves. The algorithm causes the model to automatically adjust the pumping rate each time step to account for the effect of drawdown in the cell and changing lift, and will shut the pump off if lift exceeds a critical value. The algorithm is available as part of a new multinode well package (MNW2) for MODFLOW.","largerWorkType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"largerWorkTitle":"Ground Water","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x","usgsCitation":"Konikow, L.F., 2010, Representing pump-capacity relations in groundwater simulation models: Ground Water, v. 48, no. 1, p. 106-110, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x.","productDescription":"5 p.","startPage":"106","endPage":"110","ipdsId":"IP-013889","costCenters":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":270860,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":270859,"type":{"id":10,"text":"Digital Object Identifier"},"url":"https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-6584.2009.00619.x"}],"country":"United States","volume":"48","issue":"1","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-12-23","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd707ae4b0b2908510711a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Konikow, Leonard F. 0000-0002-0940-3856 lkonikow@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0940-3856","contributorId":158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Konikow","given":"Leonard","email":"lkonikow@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":436,"text":"National Research Program - Eastern Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":475228,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98205,"text":"sir20105025 - 2010 - Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":70189667,"text":"sir20105025D - 2010 - Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025D","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"chapter":"D","displayTitle":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in <i>Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona</i>","title":"Biological pathways of exposure and ecotoxicity values for uranium and associated radionuclides: Chapter D in Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"predicate":"IS_PART_OF","object":{"id":98205,"text":"sir20105025 - 2010 - Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","indexId":"sir20105025","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"title":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-26T10:46:38","indexId":"sir20105025","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-20T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-5025","title":"Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona","docAbstract":"On July 21, 2009, U.S. Secretary of the Interior Ken Salazar proposed a two-year withdrawal of about 1 million acres of Federal land near the Grand Canyon from future mineral entry. These lands are contained in three parcels: two parcels on U.S. Bureau of Land Management land to the north of the Grand Canyon (North and East Segregation Areas) and one on the Kaibab National Forest south of the Grand Canyon (South Segregation Area). The purpose of the two-year withdrawal is to examine the potential effects of restricting these areas from new mine development for the next 20 years. This proposed withdrawal initiated a period of study during which the effects of the withdrawal must be evaluated. At the direction of the Secretary, the U.S. Geological Survey began a series of short-term studies designed to develop additional information about the possible effects of uranium mining on the natural resources of the region. Dissolved uranium and other major, minor, and trace elements occur naturally in groundwater as the result of precipitation infiltrating from the surface to water-bearing zones and, presumably, to underlying regional aquifers. Discharges from these aquifers occur as seeps and springs throughout the region and provide valuable habitat and water sources for plants and animals. Uranium mining within the watershed may increase the amount of radioactive materials and heavy metals in the surface water and groundwater flowing into Grand Canyon National Park and the Colorado River, and deep mining activities may increase mobilization of uranium through the rock strata into the aquifers. In addition, waste rock and ore from mined areas may be transported away from the mines by wind and runoff.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20105025","usgsCitation":"2010, Hydrological, geological, and biological site characterization of breccia pipe uranium deposits in Northern Arizona: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2010-5025, iii, 353 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20105025.","productDescription":"iii, 353 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":529,"text":"Pacific Southwest Regional Executive Office","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":34983,"text":"Contaminant Biology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125826,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2010_5025.jpg"},{"id":13448,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2010/5025/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -114,35.5 ], [ -114,37.083333333333336 ], [ -111.5,37.083333333333336 ], [ -111.5,35.5 ], [ -114,35.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a18e4b07f02db60521e","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Alpine, Andrea E.","contributorId":54927,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Alpine","given":"Andrea","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":505745,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98204,"text":"ds494 - 2010 - Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1999–2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-13T18:45:41.08495","indexId":"ds494","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-18T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"494","title":"Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1999–2005","docAbstract":"The Cedar River alluvial aquifer is the primary source of municipal water in the Cedar Rapids, Iowa area. Municipal wells are completed in the alluvial aquifer at approximately 40 to 80 feet deep. The City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have been conducting a cooperative study of the groundwater-flow system and water quality near the well fields since 1992. Previous cooperative studies between the City of Cedar Rapids and the U.S. Geological Survey have documented hydrologic and water-quality data, geochemistry, and groundwater models. Water-quality samples were collected for studies involving well field monitoring, trends, source-water protection, groundwater geochemistry, evaluation of surface and ground-water interaction, assessment of pesticides in groundwater and surface water, and to evaluate water quality near a wetland area in the Seminole well field. Typical water-quality analyses included major ions (boron, bromide, calcium, chloride, fluoride, iron, magnesium, manganese, potassium, silica, sodium, and sulfate), nutrients (ammonia as nitrogen, nitrite as nitrogen, nitrite plus nitrate as nitrogen, and orthophosphate as phosphorus), dissolved organic carbon, and selected pesticides including two degradates of the herbicide atrazine. In addition, two synoptic samplings included analyses of additional pesticide degradates in water samples. Physical field parameters (alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, pH, specific conductance and water temperature) were recorded with each water sample collected. This report presents the results of water quality data-collection activities from January 1999 through December 2005. Methods of data collection, quality-assurance samples, water-quality analyses, and statistical summaries are presented. Data include the results of water-quality analyses from quarterly and synoptic sampling from monitoring wells, municipal wells, and the Cedar River.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds494","collaboration":"In cooperation with the City of Cedar Rapids","usgsCitation":"Littin, G.R., and Schnoebelen, D.J., 2010, Selected water-quality data from the Cedar River and Cedar Rapids well fields, Cedar Rapids, Iowa, 1999–2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 494, v, 52 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ds494.","productDescription":"v, 52 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"1999-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":351,"text":"Iowa Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125827,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ds_494.jpg"},{"id":403668,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_91654.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":13447,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/494/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"iowa","city":"Cedar Rapids","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -91.74837112426758,\n              41.981186979424656\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.66666030883789,\n              41.981186979424656\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.66666030883789,\n              42.03373934666248\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.74837112426758,\n              42.03373934666248\n            ],\n            [\n              -91.74837112426758,\n              41.981186979424656\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48d0e4b07f02db54654f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Littin, Gregory R. grlittin@usgs.gov","contributorId":1732,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Littin","given":"Gregory","email":"grlittin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304660,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schnoebelen, Douglas J.","contributorId":87514,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schnoebelen","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304661,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004065,"text":"70004065 - 2010 - Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Maryland","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-01-22T20:03:50.765662","indexId":"70004065","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T11:32:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1924,"text":"Hydrological Processes","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Maryland","docAbstract":"<p><span>Fine sediment&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">sources</span><span>&nbsp;were characterized by chemical composition&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;an&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">urban</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">watershed</span><span>, the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Northeast</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Branch</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Anacostia</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">River</span><span>, which drains to the Chesapeake Bay. Concentrations of 63 elements and two radionuclides were measured&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;possible land-based sediment&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">sources</span><span>&nbsp;and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">suspended sediment</span><span>&nbsp;collected from the water column at the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">watershed</span><span>&nbsp;outlet during storm events. These tracer concentrations were used to determine the relative quantity of&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">suspended sediment</span><span>&nbsp;contributed by each&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">source</span><span>. Although this is an urbanized&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">watershed</span><span>, there was not a distinct&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">urban</span><span>&nbsp;signature that can be evaluated except for the contributions from road surfaces. We identified the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">sources</span><span>&nbsp;of fine sediment by both physiographic province (Piedmont and Coastal Plain) and&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">source</span><span>&nbsp;locale (streambanks, upland and street residue) by using different sets of elemental tracers. The Piedmont contributed the majority of the fine sediment for seven of the eight measured storms. The streambanks contributed the greatest quantity of fine sediment when evaluated by&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">source</span><span>&nbsp;locale. Street residue contributed 13% of the total&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">suspended sediment</span><span>&nbsp;on average and was the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">source</span><span>&nbsp;most concentrated&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;anthropogenically enriched elements. Combining results from the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">source</span><span>&nbsp;locale and physiographic province analyses, most fine sediment&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">in</span><span>&nbsp;the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Northeast</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">Branch</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">watershed</span><span>&nbsp;is derived from streambanks that contain sediment eroded from the Piedmont physiographic province of the&nbsp;</span><span class=\"ScopusTermHighlight\">watershed</span><span>. Sediment fingerprinting analyses are most useful when longer term evaluations of sediment erosion and storage are also available from streambankerosion measurements, sediment budget and other methods.&nbsp;</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1002/hyp.7604","usgsCitation":"Devereux, O.H., Prestegaard, K.L., Needelman, B.A., and Gellis, A., 2010, Suspended-sediment sources in an urban watershed, Northeast Branch Anacostia River, Maryland: Hydrological Processes, v. 24, no. 11, p. 1391-1403, https://doi.org/10.1002/hyp.7604.","productDescription":"13 p.","startPage":"1391","endPage":"1403","costCenters":[{"id":374,"text":"Maryland Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":382518,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Maryland","otherGeospatial":"Anacostia River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.94103240966797,\n              38.94445718138944\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.95064544677734,\n              38.941653403182116\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.95596694946289,\n              38.916280846543984\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.94257736206055,\n              38.90946877327506\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.93416595458984,\n              38.92402711565758\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.94103240966797,\n              38.94445718138944\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"24","issue":"11","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-02-17","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505ba315e4b08c986b31fb8d","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Devereux, Olivia H.","contributorId":97238,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Devereux","given":"Olivia","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350401,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Prestegaard, Karen L.","contributorId":23266,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Prestegaard","given":"Karen","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350400,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Needelman, Brian A.","contributorId":19693,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Needelman","given":"Brian","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350399,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Gellis, Allen C. 0000-0002-3449-2889 agellis@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3449-2889","contributorId":1709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gellis","given":"Allen C.","email":"agellis@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":375,"text":"Maryland, Delaware, and the District of Columbia Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":350398,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":98202,"text":"sir20095239 - 2010 - Groundwater Hydrology and Chemistry in and near an Emulsified Vegetable-Oil Injection Zone, Solid Waste Management Unit 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2004-2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-01-17T10:27:49","indexId":"sir20095239","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5239","title":"Groundwater Hydrology and Chemistry in and near an Emulsified Vegetable-Oil Injection Zone, Solid Waste Management Unit 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2004-2009","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey and the Naval Facilities Engineering Command Southeast investigated the hydrology and groundwater chemistry in the vicinity of an emulsified vegetable-oil injection zone at Solid Waste Management Unit (SWMU) 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina. In May 2004, Solutions-IES initiated a Phase-I pilot-scale treatability study at SWMU17 involving the injection of an edible oil emulsion into the aquifer near wells 17PS-01, 17PS-02, and 17PS-03 to treat chlorinated solvents. The Phase-I injection of emulsified vegetable oil resulted in dechlorination of trichloroethene (TCE) to cis-1,2-dichloroethene (cDCE), but the dechlorination activity appeared to stall at cDCE, with little further dechlorination of cDCE to vinyl chloride (VC) or to ethene. The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the groundwater hydrology and chemistry in and near the injection zone to gain a better understanding of the apparent remediation stall. It is unlikely that the remediation stall was due to the lack of an appropriate microbial community because groundwater samples showed the presence of Dehalococcoides species (sp.) and suitable enyzmes. The probable causes of the stall were heterogeneous distribution of the injectate and development of low-pH conditions in the injection area. Because groundwater pH values in the injection area were below the range considered optimum for dechlorination activity, a series of tests was done to examine the effect on dechlorination of increasing the pH within well 17PS-02. During and following the in-well pH-adjustment tests, VC concentrations gradually increased in some wells in the injection zone that were not part of the in-well pH-adjustment tests. These data possibly reflect a gradual microbial acclimation to the low-pH conditions produced by the injection. In contrast, a distinct increase in VC concentration was observed in well 17PS-02 following the in-well pH increase. Adjustment of the pH to near-neutral values in well 17PS-02 may have made that well relatively favorable to VC production compared with much of the rest of the injection zone, possibly accounting for acceleration of VC production at that well. Following a Phase-II injection in which Solutions-IES, Inc., injected pH-buffered emulsified vegetable oil with an improved efficiency injection approach, 1,1-dichloroethene, TCE, and cDCE rapidly decreased in concentration and are now (2009) undetectable in the injection zone, with the exception of a low concentration (43 micrograms per liter, August 2009) of cDCE in well 17PS-01. In August 2009, VC was still present in groundwater at the test wells in concentrations ranging from 150 to 640 micrograms per liter. The Phase-II injection, however, appears to have locally decreased aquifer permeability, possibly resulting in movement of contamination around, rather than through, the treatment area.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095239","usgsCitation":"Vroblesky, D.A., Petkewich, M.D., Lowery, M.A., Conlon, K.J., and Casey, C.C., 2010, Groundwater Hydrology and Chemistry in and near an Emulsified Vegetable-Oil Injection Zone, Solid Waste Management Unit 17, Naval Weapons Station Charleston, North Charleston, South Carolina, 2004-2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5239, viii, 31 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095239.","productDescription":"viii, 31 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","temporalStart":"2004-05-01","temporalEnd":"2009-08-31","costCenters":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":13445,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5239/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":126286,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5239.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Carolina","city":"North Charleston","otherGeospatial":"Naval Weapons Station","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -80.03333333333333,32.88333333333333 ], [ -80.03333333333333,33.03333333333333 ], [ -79.88333333333334,33.03333333333333 ], [ -79.88333333333334,32.88333333333333 ], [ -80.03333333333333,32.88333333333333 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afbe4b07f02db696387","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Vroblesky, Don A. vroblesk@usgs.gov","contributorId":413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vroblesky","given":"Don","email":"vroblesk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304655,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Petkewich, Matthew D. 0000-0002-5749-6356 mdpetkew@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5749-6356","contributorId":982,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Petkewich","given":"Matthew","email":"mdpetkew@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304656,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Lowery, Mark A.","contributorId":77872,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lowery","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304659,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Conlon, Kevin J. 0000-0003-0798-368X kjconlon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0798-368X","contributorId":2561,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conlon","given":"Kevin","email":"kjconlon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304657,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Casey, Clifton C.","contributorId":15140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Casey","given":"Clifton","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304658,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98201,"text":"ds488 - 2010 - Data Used in Analyses of Trends, and Nutrient and Suspended-Sediment Loads for Streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:13","indexId":"ds488","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":310,"text":"Data Series","code":"DS","onlineIssn":"2327-638X","printIssn":"2327-0271","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"488","title":"Data Used in Analyses of Trends, and Nutrient and Suspended-Sediment Loads for Streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005","docAbstract":"Water-quality data from selected surface-water monitoring sites in the Southeastern United States were assessed for trends in concentrations of nutrients, suspended sediment, and major constituents and for in-stream nutrient and suspended-sediment loads for the period 1973-2005. The area of interest includes river basins draining into the southern Atlantic Ocean, the Gulf of Mexico, and the Tennessee River-drainage basins in Hydrologic Regions 03 (South Atlantic - Gulf) and 06 (Tennessee). This data assessment is related to studies of several major river basins as part of the U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment Program, which was designed to assess national water-quality trends during a common time period (1993-2004).\r\n\r\nIncluded in this report are data on which trend tests could be performed from 44 U.S. Geological Survey National Water Information System (NWIS) sampling sites. The constituents examined include major ions, nutrients, and suspended sediment; the physical properties examined include pH, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and streamflow. Also included are data that were tested for trends from an additional 290 sites from the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Storage and Retrieval (STORET) database. The trend analyses of the STORET data were limited to total nitrogen and total phosphorus concentrations. Data from 48 U.S. Geological Survey NWIS sampling sites with sufficient water-quality and continuous streamflow data for estimating nutrient and sediment loads are included. \r\n\r\nThe methods of data compilation and modification used prior to performing trend tests and load estimation are described. Results of the seasonal Kendall trend test and the Tobit trend test are given for the 334 monitoring sites, and in-stream load estimates are given for the 48 monitoring sites. Basin characteristics are provided, including regional landscape variables and agricultural nutrient sources (annual variations in cropping and fertilizer use). The data and results presented in this report are in tabular format and can be downloaded and used by environmental researchers and water managers, particularly in the Southeast.\r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ds488","usgsCitation":"Staub, E.L., Peak, K.L., Tighe, K., Sadorf, E.M., and Harned, D.A., 2010, Data Used in Analyses of Trends, and Nutrient and Suspended-Sediment Loads for Streams in the Southeastern United States, 1973-2005: U.S. Geological Survey Data Series 488, Data Tables; Report: HTML, https://doi.org/10.3133/ds488.","productDescription":"Data Tables; Report: HTML","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2005-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":130283,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":14259,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/ds/488/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Albers, Meters, Datum","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -89,26.6 ], [ -89,39.15 ], [ -75.46666666666667,39.15 ], [ -75.46666666666667,26.6 ], [ -89,26.6 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac9e4b07f02db67cac6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Staub, Erik L. elstaub@usgs.gov","contributorId":2244,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Staub","given":"Erik","email":"elstaub@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Peak, Kelly L.","contributorId":81056,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peak","given":"Kelly","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304653,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tighe, Kirsten C.","contributorId":99930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tighe","given":"Kirsten C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304654,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Sadorf, Eric M. emsadorf@usgs.gov","contributorId":2245,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sadorf","given":"Eric","email":"emsadorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304652,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Harned, Douglas A. daharned@usgs.gov","contributorId":1295,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harned","given":"Douglas","email":"daharned@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":304650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98194,"text":"tm6B6 - 2010 - One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium Chemistry (OTEQ) - A reactive transport model for streams and rivers","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-10-09T14:13:39","indexId":"tm6B6","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":335,"text":"Techniques and Methods","code":"TM","onlineIssn":"2328-7055","printIssn":"2328-7047","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"6-B6","title":"One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium Chemistry (OTEQ) - A reactive transport model for streams and rivers","docAbstract":"OTEQ is a mathematical simulation model used to characterize the fate and transport of waterborne solutes in streams and rivers. The model is formed by coupling a solute transport model with a chemical equilibrium submodel. The solute transport model is based on OTIS, a model that considers the physical processes of advection, dispersion, lateral inflow, and transient storage. The equilibrium submodel is based on MINTEQ, a model that considers the speciation and complexation of aqueous species, acid-base reactions, precipitation/dissolution, and sorption.\r\n\r\nWithin OTEQ, reactions in the water column may result in the formation of solid phases (precipitates and sorbed species) that are subject to downstream transport and settling processes. Solid phases on the streambed may also interact with the water column through dissolution and sorption/desorption reactions. Consideration of both mobile (waterborne) and immobile (streambed) solid phases requires a unique set of governing differential equations and solution techniques that are developed herein. The partial differential equations describing physical transport and the algebraic equations describing chemical equilibria are coupled using the sequential iteration approach. The model's ability to simulate pH, precipitation/dissolution, and pH-dependent sorption provides a means of evaluating the complex interactions between instream chemistry and hydrologic transport at the field scale.\r\n\r\nThis report details the development and application of OTEQ. Sections of the report describe model theory, input/output specifications, model applications, and installation instructions. OTEQ may be obtained over the Internet at http://water.usgs.gov/software/OTEQ.\r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/tm6B6","usgsCitation":"Runkel, R.L., 2010, One-Dimensional Transport with Equilibrium Chemistry (OTEQ) - A reactive transport model for streams and rivers: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 6-B6, vii, 101 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/tm6B6.","productDescription":"vii, 101 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125888,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/tm_6_b6.jpg"},{"id":13438,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/tm/06b06/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6969c6","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Runkel, Robert L. 0000-0003-3220-481X runkel@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3220-481X","contributorId":685,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Runkel","given":"Robert","email":"runkel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304634,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":98189,"text":"ofr20101014 - 2010 - Simulation of Runoff and Reservoir Inflow for Use in a Flood-Analysis Model for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 2004-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-07-05T10:20:38","indexId":"ofr20101014","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1014","title":"Simulation of Runoff and Reservoir Inflow for Use in a Flood-Analysis Model for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 2004-2006","docAbstract":"A model was developed to simulate inflow to reservoirs and watershed runoff to streams during three high-flow events between September 2004 and June 2006 for the main-stem subbasin of the Delaware River draining to Trenton, N.J. The model software is a modified version of the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Precipitation-Runoff Modeling System (PRMS), a modular, physically based, distributed-parameter modeling system developed to evaluate the impacts of various combinations of precipitation, climate, and land use on surface-water runoff and general basin hydrology. The PRMS model simulates time periods associated with main-stem flooding that occurred in September 2004, April 2005, and June 2006 and uses both daily and hourly time steps. Output from the PRMS model was formatted for use as inflows to a separately documented reservoir and riverrouting model, the HEC-ResSim model, developed by the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Hydrologic Engineering Center to evaluate flooding. The models were integrated through a graphical user interface.\r\n\r\nThe study area is the 6,780 square-mile watershed of the Delaware River in the states of Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York that drains to Trenton, N.J. A geospatial database was created for use with a geographic information system to assist model discretization, determine land-surface characterization, and estimate model parameters. The USGS National Elevation Dataset at 100-meter resolution, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM), was used for model discretization into streams and hydrologic response units. In addition, geospatial processing was used to estimate initial model parameters from the DEM and other data layers, including land use. The model discretization represents the study area using 869 hydrologic response units and 452 stream segments. The model climate data for point stations were obtained from multiple sources. These sources included daily data for 22 National Weather Service (NWS) Cooperative Climate Station network stations, hourly data for 15 stations from the National Climatic Data Center, hourly data for 1 station from the NWS Middle Atlantic River Forecast Center records, and daily and hourly data for 7 stations operated by the New York City Department of Environmental Protection. The NWS Multisensor Precipitation Estimate data set for 2001-2007 was used for computing daily precipitation for the model and for computing hourly precipitation for storm simulation periods.\r\n\r\nCalibration of the PRMS model included regression and optimization algorithms, as well as manual adjustments of model parameters. The general goal of the calibration procedure was to minimize the difference between discharge measured at USGS streamgages and the corresponding discharge simulated by the model. Daily streamflow data from 35 USGS streamgages were used in model calibration. The streamflow data represent areas draining from 20.2 to 6,780 square miles.\r\n\r\nThe PRMS model simulates reservoir inflow and watershed runoff for use as input into HECResSim for the purpose of evaluating and comparing the effects of different watershed conditions on main-stem flooding in the Delaware River watershed draining to Trenton, N.J. The PRMS model is useful as a planning tool to simulate the effects of land-use changes and different antecedent conditions on local runoff and reservoir inflow and, as input to the HEC-ResSim model, on flood flows in the main stem of the Delaware River. \r\n","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101014","collaboration":"In Cooperation with the Delaware River Basin Commission","usgsCitation":"Goode, D., Koerkle, E.H., Hoffman, S.A., Regan, R., Hay, L.E., and Markstrom, S., 2010, Simulation of Runoff and Reservoir Inflow for Use in a Flood-Analysis Model for the Delaware River, Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and New York, 2004-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1014, viii, 68 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101014.","productDescription":"viii, 68 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":199349,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13433,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1014/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -76.33333333333333,40.166666666666664 ], [ -76.33333333333333,42.5 ], [ -74.16666666666667,42.5 ], [ -74.16666666666667,40.166666666666664 ], [ -76.33333333333333,40.166666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49f8e4b07f02db5f3020","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Goode, Daniel J. 0000-0002-8527-2456 djgoode@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8527-2456","contributorId":2433,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Goode","given":"Daniel J.","email":"djgoode@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304614,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Koerkle, Edward H. ekoerkle@usgs.gov","contributorId":2014,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Koerkle","given":"Edward","email":"ekoerkle@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304613,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Hoffman, Scott A. shoffman@usgs.gov","contributorId":2634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoffman","given":"Scott","email":"shoffman@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304615,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Regan, R. Steve 0000-0003-4803-8596","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4803-8596","contributorId":58736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Regan","given":"R. Steve","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304616,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Hay, Lauren E. 0000-0003-3763-4595 lhay@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3763-4595","contributorId":1287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hay","given":"Lauren","email":"lhay@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304611,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Markstrom, Steven L. 0000-0001-7630-9547 markstro@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7630-9547","contributorId":1986,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Markstrom","given":"Steven L.","email":"markstro@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304612,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":98190,"text":"ofr20101010 - 2010 - The Quaternary Silver Creek Fault Beneath the Santa Clara Valley, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-05-02T10:15:27","indexId":"ofr20101010","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2010-1010","title":"The Quaternary Silver Creek Fault Beneath the Santa Clara Valley, California","docAbstract":"The northwest-trending Silver Creek Fault is a 40-km-long strike-slip fault in the eastern Santa Clara Valley, California, that has exhibited different behaviors within a changing San Andreas Fault system over the past 10-15 Ma. Quaternary alluvium several hundred meters thick that buries the northern half of the Silver Creek Fault, and that has been sampled by drilling and imaged in a detailed seismic reflection profile, provides a record of the Quaternary history of the fault. We assemble evidence from areal geology, stratigraphy, paleomagnetics, ground-water hydrology, potential-field geophysics, and reflection and earthquake seismology to determine the long history of the fault in order to evaluate its current behavior. \r\n\r\nThe fault formed in the Miocene more than 100 km to the southeast, as the southwestern fault in a 5-km-wide right step to the Hayward Fault, within which the 40-km-long Evergreen pull-apart basin formed. Later, this basin was obliquely cut by the newly recognized Mt. Misery Fault to form a more direct connection to the Hayward Fault, although continued growth of the basin was sufficient to accommodate at least some late Pliocene alluvium. Large offset along the San Andreas-Calaveras-Mt Misery-Hayward Faults carried the basin northwestward almost to its present position when, about 2 Ma, the fault system was reorganized. This led to near abandonment of the faults bounding the pull-apart basin in favor of right slip extending the Calaveras Fault farther north before stepping west to the Hayward Fault, as it does today. Despite these changes, the Silver Creek Fault experienced a further 200 m of dip slip in the early Quaternary, from which we infer an associated 1.6 km or so of right slip, based on the ratio of the 40-km length of the strike-slip fault to a 5-km depth of the Evergreen Basin. This dip slip ends at a mid-Quaternary unconformity, above which the upper 300 m of alluvial cover exhibits a structural sag at the fault that we interpret as a negative flower structure. This structure implies some continuing strike slip on the Silver Creek Fault in the late Quaternary as well, with a transtensional component but no dip slip. \r\n\r\nOur only basis for estimating the rate of this later Quaternary strike slip on the Silver Creek Fault is to assume continuation of the inferred early Quaternary rate of less than 2 mm/yr. Faulting evident in a detailed seismic reflection profile across the Silver Creek Fault extends up to the limit of data at a depth of 50 m and age of about 140 ka, and the course of Coyote Creek suggests Holocene capture in a structural depression along the fault. No surface trace is evident on the alluvial plain, however, and convincing evidence of Holocene offset is lacking. Few instrumentally recorded earthquakes are located near the fault, and those that are near its southern end represent cross-fault shortening, not strike slip. The fault might have been responsible, however, for two poorly located moderate earthquakes that occurred in the area in 1903. Its southeastern end does mark an abrupt change in the pattern of abundant instrumentally recorded earthquakes along the Calaveras Fault-in both its strike and in the depth distribution of hypocenters-that could indicate continuing influence by the Silver Creek Fault. In the absence of convincing evidence to the contrary, and as a conservative estimate, we presume that the Silver Creek Fault has continued its strike-slip movement through the Holocene, but at a very slow rate. Such a slow rate would, at most, yield very infrequent damaging earthquakes. If the 1903 earthquakes did, in fact, occur on the Silver Creek Fault, they would have greatly reduced the short-term future potential for large earthquakes on the fault. \r\n","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20101010","usgsCitation":"Wentworth, C.M., Williams, R., Jachens, R.C., Graymer, R.W., and Stephenson, W.J., 2010, The Quaternary Silver Creek Fault Beneath the Santa Clara Valley, California: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2010-1010, ii, 50 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20101010.","productDescription":"ii, 50 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":671,"text":"Western Region Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":198432,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":13434,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2010/1010/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.41666666666667,37 ], [ -122.41666666666667,37.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37.75 ], [ -121.41666666666667,37 ], [ -122.41666666666667,37 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67ad30","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wentworth, Carl M. 0000-0003-2569-569X cwent@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2569-569X","contributorId":1178,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wentworth","given":"Carl","email":"cwent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Williams, Robert A. rawilliams@usgs.gov","contributorId":1357,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"Robert A.","email":"rawilliams@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":301,"text":"Geologic Hazards Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":304621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Jachens, Robert C. jachens@usgs.gov","contributorId":1180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jachens","given":"Robert","email":"jachens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graymer, Russell W. 0000-0003-4910-5682 rgraymer@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4910-5682","contributorId":1052,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graymer","given":"Russell","email":"rgraymer@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Stephenson, William J. 0000-0001-8699-0786 wstephens@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8699-0786","contributorId":695,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stephenson","given":"William","email":"wstephens@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304617,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":98192,"text":"sir20095164 - 2010 - Changes in streamflow and the flux of nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980-2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-13T10:50:19","indexId":"sir20095164","displayToPublicDate":"2010-02-13T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2010","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5164","title":"Changes in streamflow and the flux of nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980-2007","docAbstract":"Nutrients and freshwater delivered by the Mississippi and Atchafalaya Rivers drive algal production in the northern Gulf of Mexico, which eventually results in the widespread occurrence of hypoxic bottom waters along the Louisiana and Texas coast. Researchers have demonstrated a relation between the extent of the hypoxic zone and the magnitude of streamflow, nutrient fluxes, and nutrient concentrations in the Mississippi River, with springtime streamflows and fluxes being the most predictive. In 1999 the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) estimated the flux of nitrogen, phosphorus, and silica at selected sites in the Mississippi Basin and to the Gulf of Mexico for 1980-1996. These flux estimates provided the baseline information used by the Mississippi River/Gulf of Mexico Watershed Nutrient Task Force to develop an Action Plan for reducing hypoxia in the northern Gulf of Mexico. The primary goal of the Action Plan was to achieve a reduction in the size (areal extent) of the hypoxic zone from an average of approximately 14,000 square kilometers in 1996-2000 to a 5-year moving average of less than 5,000 square kilometers by 2015.\r\n\r\nImproved statistical models and adjusted maximum likelihood estimation using USGS Load Estimator (LOADEST) software were used to estimate annual and seasonal nutrient fluxes for 1980-2007 at selected sites on the Mississippi River and its tributaries. These data provide a means to evaluate the influence of natural and anthropogenic effects on delivery of water and nutrients to the Gulf of Mexico; to define subbasins that are the most important contributors of nutrients to the gulf; and to investigate the relations among streamflow, nutrient fluxes, and the size and duration of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone. A comparative analysis between the baseline period of 1980-1996 and 5-year moving averages thereafter indicate that the average annual streamflow and fluxes of total nitrogen, nitrate, orthophosphate, and silica to the Gulf of Mexico have decreased. However, the flux of total phosphorus between the baseline period and subsequent 5-year periods has increased. The average spring (April, May, and June) streamflow and fluxes of silica, total nitrogen, nitrate, and orthophosphate to the Gulf of Mexico also decreased, whereas the spring flux of total phosphorus has increased. Similar changes in streamflow and nutrient flux were observed at many sites Buxtonwithin the basin. The inputs of water, total nitrogen, and total phosphorus from the major subbasins of the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin as a percentage of the to-the-gulf totals have increased from the Ohio River Basin, decreased from the Missouri River Basin, and remained relatively unchanged from the Upper Mississippi, Red, and Arkansas River Basins.\r\n\r\nChanges in streamflow and nutrient fluxes are related, but short-term variations in sources of streamflow and nutrients complicate the interpretation of factors that affect nutrient delivery to the Gulf of Mexico. Parametric time-series models are used to try and separate natural variability in nutrient flux from changes due to other causes. Results indicate that the decrease in annual nutrient fluxes that has occurred between the 1980-1996 baseline period and more recent years can be largely attributed to natural causes (climate and streamflow) and not management actions or other human controlled activities in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin. The downward trends in total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, and orthophosphate that were detected at either the Mississippi River near St. Francisville, La., or the Atchafalaya River at Melville, La., occurred prior to 1995.\r\n\r\nIn spite of the general decrease in nutrient flux, the average size of the Gulf of Mexico hypoxic zone has increased between 1997 and 2007. The reasons for this are not clear but could be due to the type or nature of nutrient delivery. Whereas the annual flux of total nitrogen to the Gulf of Mexico has decreased, the proporti","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095164","usgsCitation":"Battaglin, W.A., Aulenbach, B.T., Vecchia, A., and Buxton, H.T., 2010, Changes in streamflow and the flux of nutrients in the Mississippi-Atchafalaya River Basin, USA, 1980-2007: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5164, viii, 47 p. , https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095164.","productDescription":"viii, 47 p. ","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125886,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5164.jpg"},{"id":13436,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5164/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e5e4b07f02db5e6da3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Battaglin, William A. 0000-0001-7287-7096 wbattagl@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7287-7096","contributorId":1527,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Battaglin","given":"William","email":"wbattagl@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Aulenbach, Brent T. 0000-0003-2863-1288 btaulenb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2863-1288","contributorId":3057,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Aulenbach","given":"Brent","email":"btaulenb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":316,"text":"Georgia Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Vecchia, Aldo","contributorId":17731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Vecchia","given":"Aldo","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":304628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buxton, Herbert T. hbuxton@usgs.gov","contributorId":1911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buxton","given":"Herbert","email":"hbuxton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":5056,"text":"Office of the AD Energy and Minerals, and Environmental Health","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":304626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
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