{"pageNumber":"2010","pageRowStart":"50225","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":97731,"text":"fs20093069 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Alaska Coastal and Ocean Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:06","indexId":"fs20093069","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3069","title":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Alaska Coastal and Ocean Science","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), a bureau of the Department of the Interior (DOI), is the Nation's largest water, earth, and biological science and mapping agency. The bureau's science strategy 'Facing Tomorrow's Challenges - U.S. Geological Survey Science in the Decade 2007-2017' describes the USGS vision for its science in six integrated areas of societal concern: Understanding Ecosystems and Predicting Ecosystem Change; Climate Variability and Change; Energy and Minerals; Hazards, Risk, and Resilience; Environment and Wildlife in Human Health; and Water Census of the United States.\r\nUSGS has three Regions that encompass nine geographic Areas. This fact sheet describes examples of USGS science conducted in coastal, nearshore terrestrial, and ocean environments in the Alaska Area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093069","usgsCitation":"Holland-Bartels, L., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Alaska Coastal and Ocean Science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3069, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093069.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":664,"text":"Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125414,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3069.jpg"},{"id":12896,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3069/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49e4e4b07f02db5e65e2","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Holland-Bartels, Leslie","contributorId":99255,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Holland-Bartels","given":"Leslie","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302993,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97728,"text":"fs20093071 - 2009 - Earthquake hazard in the New Madrid Seismic Zone remains a concern","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-07-12T09:37:59","indexId":"fs20093071","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3071","title":"Earthquake hazard in the New Madrid Seismic Zone remains a concern","docAbstract":"There is broad agreement in the scientific community that a continuing concern exists for a major destructive earthquake in the New Madrid seismic zone. Many structures in Memphis, Tenn., St. Louis, Mo., and other communities in the central Mississippi River Valley region are vulnerable and at risk from severe ground shaking. This assessment is based on decades of research on New Madrid earthquakes and related phenomena by dozens of Federal, university, State, and consulting earth scientists. \r\n\r\nConsiderable interest has developed recently from media reports that the New Madrid seismic zone may be shutting down. These reports stem from published research using global positioning system (GPS) instruments with results of geodetic measurements of strain in the Earth's crust. Because of a lack of measurable strain at the surface in some areas of the seismic zone over the past 14 years, arguments have been advanced that there is no buildup of stress at depth within the New Madrid seismic zone and that the zone may no longer pose a significant hazard. \r\n\r\nAs part of the consensus-building process used to develop the national seismic hazard maps, the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) convened a workshop of experts in 2006 to evaluate the latest findings in earthquake hazards in the Eastern United States. These experts considered the GPS data from New Madrid available at that time that also showed little to no ground movement at the surface. The experts did not find the GPS data to be a convincing reason to lower the assessment of earthquake hazard in the New Madrid region, especially in light of the many other types of data that are used to construct the hazard assessment, several of which are described here.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20093071","usgsCitation":"Frankel, A., Applegate, D., Tuttle, M., and Williams, R.A., 2009, Earthquake hazard in the New Madrid Seismic Zone remains a concern: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3071, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093071.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":234,"text":"Earthquake Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118567,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3071.jpg"},{"id":12893,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3071/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Illinois, Kentucky, Missouri, Tennessee","otherGeospatial":"New Madrid Seismic Zone","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              35.110921809704756\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.329833984375,\n              35.34425514918409\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.505859375,\n              36.359374956015856\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.516845703125,\n              37.13404537126446\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.714599609375,\n              37.309014074275915\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.12109375,\n              37.51844023887861\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.62646484375,\n              37.34395908944491\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.296630859375,\n              36.36822190085111\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.65917968749999,\n              35.263561862152095\n            ],\n            [\n              -90.439453125,\n              35.05698043137265\n            ],\n            [\n              -89.923095703125,\n              35.110921809704756\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a52e4b07f02db62abd1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Frankel, A.D.","contributorId":53828,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Frankel","given":"A.D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302988,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Applegate, D.","contributorId":52681,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Applegate","given":"D.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302987,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tuttle, M.P.","contributorId":90001,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Tuttle","given":"M.P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302990,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Williams, R. A.","contributorId":82323,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302989,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97730,"text":"fs20093068 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Coastal and Ocean Science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:29","indexId":"fs20093068","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3068","title":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Coastal and Ocean Science","docAbstract":"USGS Western Region Coastal and Ocean Science is interdisciplinary, collaborative, and integrates expertise from all USGS Disciplines, and ten of its major Science Centers, in Alaska, Hawai'i, California, Washington, and Oregon. The scientific talent, laboratories, and research vessels in the Western Region and across the Nation, strategically position the USGS to address broad geographic and oceanographic research topics. USGS information products inform resource managers and policy makers who must balance conservation mandates with increasing demands for resources that sustain the Nation's economy.\r\n\r\nThis fact sheet describes but a few examples of the breadth of USGS science conducted in coastal, nearshore, and ocean environments along our Nation's West Coast and Pacific Islands.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093068","usgsCitation":"Kinsinger, A.E., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Coastal and Ocean Science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3068, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093068.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":664,"text":"Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125413,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3068.jpg"},{"id":12895,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3068/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db69652e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinsinger, Anne E. akinsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsinger","given":"Anne","email":"akinsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302992,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97727,"text":"sir20095052 - 2009 - Evaluation of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to Determine Escherichia coli Concentrations at Two Lake Erie Beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:25","indexId":"sir20095052","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5052","title":"Evaluation of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to Determine Escherichia coli Concentrations at Two Lake Erie Beaches","docAbstract":"During the recreational seasons of 2006 and 2007, the quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method was used to determine Escherichia coli (E. coli) concentrations in samples from two Lake Erie beaches. Results from the qPCR method were compared to those obtained by traditional culturing on modified mTEC agar. Regression analysis showed strong, statistically significant correlations between results from the two methods for both years. Correlation coefficients at Edgewater and Villa Angela Beaches were 0.626 and 0.789 for 2006 and 0.667 and 0.829 for 2007, respectively. Linear regression analyses were done to determine how well E. coli concentrations could have been predicted from qPCR results. These hypothetical predictions were compared to the current practice of determining recreational water quality from E. coli concentrations determined for samples collected on the previous day. The qPCR method resulted in a greater percentage of correct predictions of water-quality exceedances than the current method for both beaches and both years. However, because regression equations differed somewhat between both sites and both years, the study did not result in any single relation reliable enough to use for actual real-time prediction of water-quality exceedances for either beach; therefore, a posterior analysis of data was done. Additional years of data may be needed to develop such a relation. Results from this study support the continued development and testing of a qPCR method for providing rapid and accurate estimates of E. coli concentrations for monitoring recreational water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095052","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Northeast Ohio Regional Sewer District","usgsCitation":"Kephart, C.M., and Bushon, R.N., 2009, Evaluation of Real-Time Quantitative Polymerase Chain Reaction (qPCR) to Determine Escherichia coli Concentrations at Two Lake Erie Beaches: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5052, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095052.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125589,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5052.jpg"},{"id":12892,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5052/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -81.83333333333333,41.416666666666664 ], [ -81.83333333333333,41.666666666666664 ], [ -81.5,41.666666666666664 ], [ -81.5,41.416666666666664 ], [ -81.83333333333333,41.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f9aff","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kephart, Christopher M. 0000-0002-3369-5596 ckephart@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3369-5596","contributorId":1932,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kephart","given":"Christopher","email":"ckephart@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":35860,"text":"Ohio-Kentucky-Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302985,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Bushon, Rebecca N. rnbushon@usgs.gov","contributorId":2304,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bushon","given":"Rebecca","email":"rnbushon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":513,"text":"Ohio Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302986,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97729,"text":"fs20093067 - 2009 - U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Seabirds coastal and ocean science","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-09-19T08:33:50","indexId":"fs20093067","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-05T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3067","displayTitle":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Seabirds Coastal and Ocean Science","title":"U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Seabirds coastal and ocean science","docAbstract":"From the cold, high Arctic area of Alaska to the warm, tropical Pacific area of Hawai'i, a diverse array of seabird species numbering in the millions of individuals live off the bounty of the Pacific Ocean. Many come to land only to nest and raise their young - these are species supremely adapted for life on the water, whether it be near the coast or hundreds of miles at sea. Those seabirds that reside in the North Pacific year-round are joined each summer by millions of migrant birds that leave the southern hemisphere in winter for better feeding conditions in the north. Seabirds in the Pacific remain one of the great wildlife spectacles on the earth. Yet, seabirds face a number of threats such as oil spills, introduction of predators to their nesting islands, and conflicts with fisheries. State and Federal agencies require increasingly sophisticated information on population dynamics, breeding biology, and feeding ecology to successfully manage these species and their ecosystems. Within the Western Region of the USGS, scientists from the Alaska Science Center (ASC), Western Ecological Research Center (WERC), and Pacific Islands Ecosystems Research Center are leading the way in conducting research on many of these little known species. Their aim is to improve our understanding of seabirds in the Pacific and to provide information to support informed management of the birds and their ecosystems.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20093067","usgsCitation":"Kinsinger, A.E., 2009, U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Western Region: Seabirds coastal and ocean science: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3067, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093067.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":664,"text":"Western Region","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125412,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3067.jpg"},{"id":12894,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3067/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":367519,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3067/pdf/fs20093067.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4afce4b07f02db6964d3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kinsinger, Anne E. akinsinger@usgs.gov","contributorId":321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinsinger","given":"Anne","email":"akinsinger@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":506,"text":"Office of the AD Ecosystems","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302991,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70200356,"text":"70200356 - 2009 - Book review: Fundamentals of rock mechanics","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-10-15T08:54:18","indexId":"70200356","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-04T08:53:57","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1765,"text":"Geofluids","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Book review: Fundamentals of rock mechanics","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.&nbsp;</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00251.x","usgsCitation":"Hsieh, P.A., 2009, Book review: Fundamentals of rock mechanics: Geofluids, v. 9, no. 3, p. 251-252, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00251.x.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"251","endPage":"252","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476069,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-8123.2009.00251.x","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":358362,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"9","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-04","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cb75e4b034bf6a7f7bba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hsieh, Paul A. 0000-0003-4873-4874 pahsieh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4873-4874","contributorId":1634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hsieh","given":"Paul","email":"pahsieh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":39113,"text":"WMA - Office of Quality Assurance","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":748487,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97726,"text":"sir20095138 - 2009 - Geohydrologic Investigations and Landscape Characteristics of Areas Contributing Water to Springs, the Current River, and Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095138","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-04T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5138","title":"Geohydrologic Investigations and Landscape Characteristics of Areas Contributing Water to Springs, the Current River, and Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Ozark National Scenic Riverways (ONSR) is a narrow corridor that stretches for approximately 134 miles along the Current River and Jacks Fork in southern Missouri. Most of the water flowing in the Current River and Jacks Fork is discharged to the rivers from springs within the ONSR, and most of the recharge area of these springs is outside the ONSR. This report describes geohydrologic investigations and landscape characteristics of areas contributing water to springs and the Current River and Jacks Fork in the ONSR.\r\n\r\nThe potentiometric-surface map of the study area for 2000-07 shows that the groundwater divide extends beyond the surface-water divide in some places, notably along Logan Creek and the northeastern part of the study area, indicating interbasin transfer of groundwater between surface-water basins. A low hydraulic gradient occurs in much of the upland area west of the Current River associated with areas of high sinkhole density, which indicates the presence of a network of subsurface karst conduits. The results of a low base-flow seepage run indicate that most of the discharge in the Current River and Jacks Fork was from identified springs, and a smaller amount was from tributaries whose discharge probably originated as spring discharge, or from springs or diffuse groundwater discharge in the streambed.\r\n\r\nResults of a temperature profile conducted on an 85-mile reach of the Current River indicate that the lowest average temperatures were within or downstream from inflows of springs. A mass-balance on heat calculation of the discharge of Bass Rock Spring, a previously undescribed spring, resulted in an estimated discharge of 34.1 cubic feet per second (ft3/s), making it the sixth largest spring in the Current River Basin.\r\n\r\nThe 13 springs in the study area for which recharge areas have been estimated accounted for 82 percent (867 ft3/s of 1,060 ft3/s) of the discharge of the Current River at Big Spring during the 2006 seepage run. Including discharge from other springs, the cumulative discharge from springs was over 90 percent of the river discharge at most of the spring locations, and was 92 percent at Big Spring and at the lower end of the ONSR. The discharge from the 1.9-mile long Pulltite Springs Complex measured in the 2006 seepage run was 88 ft3/s. Most of this (77 ft3/s) was from the first approximately 0.25 mi of the Pulltite Springs Complex. It has been estimated that the annual mean discharge from the Current River Springs Complex is 125 ft3/s, based on an apparent discharge of 50 ft3/s during a 1966 U.S. Geological Survey seepage run. However, a reinterpretation of the 1966 seepage run data shows that the discharge from the Current River Springs Complex instead was about 12.6 ft3/s, and the annual mean discharge was estimated to be 32 ft3/s, substantially less than 125 ft3/s. The 2006 seepage run showed a gain of only 12 ft3/s from the combined Round Spring and Current River Springs Complex from the mouth of Sinking Creek to 0.7 mi upstream from Root Hollow. The 2006 temperature profile measurements did not indicate any influx of spring discharge throughout the length of the Current River Springs Complex.\r\n\r\nThe spring recharge areas with the largest number of identified sinkholes are Big Spring, Alley Spring, and Welch Spring. The spring recharge areas with the largest number of sinkholes per square mile of recharge area are Alley Spring, Blue Spring (Jacks Fork), Welch Spring, and Round Spring and the Current River Springs Complex. Using the currently known locations of losing streams, the Big Spring recharge area has the largest number of miles of losing stream, and the Bass Rock Spring recharge area has the largest number of miles of losing stream per unit recharge area. The spring recharge areas with the most open land and the least forested land per unit recharge area are Blue Spring (Jacks Fork), Welch Spring, Montauk Springs, and Alley Spring. The spring recharge areas with the least amount","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095138","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Mugel, D.N., Richards, J.M., and Schumacher, J., 2009, Geohydrologic Investigations and Landscape Characteristics of Areas Contributing Water to Springs, the Current River, and Jacks Fork, Ozark National Scenic Riverways, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5138, vi, 81 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095138.","productDescription":"vi, 81 p.","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125607,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5138.jpg"},{"id":12891,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5138/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -92.25,36.5 ], [ -92.25,37.75 ], [ -90.5,37.75 ], [ -90.5,36.5 ], [ -92.25,36.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8f85","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mugel, Douglas N. dmugel@usgs.gov","contributorId":290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mugel","given":"Douglas","email":"dmugel@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302982,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Richards, Joseph M. 0000-0002-9822-2706 richards@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9822-2706","contributorId":2370,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richards","given":"Joseph","email":"richards@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":36532,"text":"Central Midwest Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302984,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schumacher, John G. jschu@usgs.gov","contributorId":2055,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schumacher","given":"John G.","email":"jschu@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":396,"text":"Missouri Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302983,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70140566,"text":"70140566 - 2009 - Geochemical studies of North American soils: results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2025-05-14T19:30:20.68836","indexId":"70140566","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":835,"text":"Applied Geochemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Geochemical studies of North American soils: results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"International Association of Geochemistry and Cosmochemistry","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.006","usgsCitation":"Smith, D., 2009, Geochemical studies of North American soils: results from the pilot study phase of the North American Soil Geochemical Landscapes Project: Applied Geochemistry, v. 24, no. 8, p. 1355-1356, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apgeochem.2009.04.006.","productDescription":"2 p.","startPage":"1355","endPage":"1356","numberOfPages":"2","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":297851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"24","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"54dd2ba8e4b08de9379b3466","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Smith, David B. 0000-0001-8396-9105 dsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8396-9105","contributorId":1274,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"David B.","email":"dsmith@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":218,"text":"Denver Federal Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":540134,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70150437,"text":"70150437 - 2009 - Effects of cadmium on growth, metamorphosis and gonadal sex differentiation in tadpoles of the African clawed frog, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-06-26T11:41:06","indexId":"70150437","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T12:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1226,"text":"Chemosphere","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Effects of cadmium on growth, metamorphosis and gonadal sex differentiation in tadpoles of the African clawed frog, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>","docAbstract":"<p><i>Xenopus laevis</i> larvae were exposed to cadmium (Cd) at 0, 1, 8. 85 or 860 mu g L(-1) in FETAX medium from 0 to 86 d postfertilization. Premetamorphic tadpoles were sampled on day 3 1; pre and prometamorphic tadpoles on day 49; and frogs (NF stage 66) between days 50 and 86. Survival, snout-vent length (SVL), tail length, total length, hindlimb length (HLL), initiation of metamorphic climax, size at and completion of metamorphosis, and gonadal condition and sex ratio (assessed histologically) were determined. Survival was unaffected by Cd until day 49, but increased mortality was observed after day 49 at 860 mu g Cd L(-1). On day 31, when tadpoles were in early premetamorphosis, inhibitory effects on tadpole growth were observed only at 860 mu g Cd L(-1). On day 49, when most tadpoles where in late premetamorphosis/early prometamorphosis, reductions in SVL, HLL and total length were observed at 8 and 860 but not 85 mu g L(-1), thus creating a U-shaped size distribution at 0-85 mu g Cd L(-1). However, this U-shaped size pattern was not evident in postmetamorphic individuals. In fact, frog size at completion of metamorphosis was slightly smaller at 85 mu g Cd L(-1) relative to control animals. These observations confirmed a recent report of a Cd concentration-dependent bimodal growth pattern in late-premetamorphic Xenopus tadpoles, but also showed that growth responses to varying Cd concentrations change with development. The fraction of animals initiating or completing metamorphosis during days 50-86 was reduced in a Cd concentration-dependent manner. Testicular histology and population sex ratios were unaffected by Cd suggesting that, unlike mammals, Cd is not strongly estrogenic in Xenopus tadpoles.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Pergamon Press","publisherLocation":"New York, NY","doi":"10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.043","usgsCitation":"Sharma, B., and Patino, R., 2009, Effects of cadmium on growth, metamorphosis and gonadal sex differentiation in tadpoles of the African clawed frog, <i>Xenopus laevis</i>: Chemosphere, v. 76, no. 8, p. 1048-1055, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chemosphere.2009.04.043.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1048","endPage":"1055","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-012246","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":302421,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"76","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"558e77b4e4b0b6d21dd6594a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sharma, Bibek","contributorId":100106,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Sharma","given":"Bibek","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":557068,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Patino, Reynaldo 0000-0002-4831-8400 r.patino@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4831-8400","contributorId":2311,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Patino","given":"Reynaldo","email":"r.patino@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":556880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70004015,"text":"70004015 - 2009 - A lacustrine carbonate record of Holocene seasonality and climate","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-02T17:03:57.935535","indexId":"70004015","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T10:50:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1796,"text":"Geology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"A lacustrine carbonate record of Holocene seasonality and climate","docAbstract":"<p><span>Annually laminated (varved) Holocene sediments from Derby Lake, Michigan, display variations in endogenic calcite abundance reflecting a long-term (millennial-scale) decrease in burial punctuated with frequent short-term (decadal-scale) oscillations due to carbonate dissolution. Since 6000 cal yr B.P., sediment carbonate abundance has followed a decreasing trend while organic-carbon abundance has increased. The correlation between organic-carbon abundance and the sum of March-April-October-November insolation has an&nbsp;</span><i>r</i><sup>2</sup><span>&nbsp;value of 0.58. We interpret these trends to represent a precession-driven lengthening of the Holocene growing season that has reduced calcite burial by enhancing net annual organic-matter production and associated calcite dissolution. Correlations with regional paleoclimate records suggest that changes in temperature and moisture balance have impacted the distribution of short-term oscillations in carbonate and organic-matter abundance superimposed on the precession-driven trends.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","doi":"10.1130/G30056A.1","usgsCitation":"Wittkop, C.A., Teranes, J.L., Dean, W.E., and Guilderson, T.P., 2009, A lacustrine carbonate record of Holocene seasonality and climate: Geology, v. 37, no. 8, p. 695-698, https://doi.org/10.1130/G30056A.1.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"695","endPage":"698","costCenters":[{"id":308,"text":"Geology and Environmental Change Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383719,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Michigan","otherGeospatial":"Derby Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -85.1333999633789,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.11958122253418,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.11958122253418,\n              43.27864254411014\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1333999633789,\n              43.27864254411014\n            ],\n            [\n              -85.1333999633789,\n              43.26920624914964\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"37","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b23e4b07f02db6ae3a4","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wittkop, Chad A.","contributorId":98811,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wittkop","given":"Chad","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350158,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Teranes, Jane L.","contributorId":81571,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Teranes","given":"Jane","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350157,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dean, Walter E. dean@usgs.gov","contributorId":1801,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dean","given":"Walter","email":"dean@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":318,"text":"Geosciences and Environmental Change Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":350155,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Guilderson, Thomas P.","contributorId":59121,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guilderson","given":"Thomas","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":350156,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70200733,"text":"70200733 - 2009 - Monitoring lava-dome growth during the 2004–2008 Mount St. Helens, Washington, eruption using oblique terrestrial photography","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-03-16T19:59:07.017028","indexId":"70200733","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T10:48:33","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1427,"text":"Earth and Planetary Science Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Monitoring lava-dome growth during the 2004–2008 Mount St. Helens, Washington, eruption using oblique terrestrial photography","docAbstract":"<p><span>We present an analysis of lava dome growth during the 2004–2008 eruption of Mount St. Helens using oblique terrestrial images from a network of remotely placed cameras. This underutilized monitoring tool augmented more traditional monitoring techniques, and was used to provide a robust assessment of the nature, pace, and state of the eruption and to quantify the kinematics of dome growth. Eruption monitoring using terrestrial photography began with a single camera deployed at the mouth of the volcano's crater during the first year of activity. Analysis of those images indicates that the average lineal extrusion rate decayed approximately logarithmically from about 8</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/d to about 2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/d (±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/d) from November 2004 through December 2005, and suggests that the extrusion rate fluctuated on time scales of days to weeks. From May 2006 through September 2007, imagery from multiple cameras deployed around the volcano allowed determination of 3-dimensional motion across the dome complex. Analysis of the multi-camera imagery shows spatially differential, but remarkably steady to gradually slowing, motion, from about 1–2</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/d from May through October 2006, to about 0.2–1.0</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/d from May through September 2007. In contrast to the fluctuations in lineal extrusion rate documented during the first year of eruption, dome motion from May 2006 through September 2007 was monotonic (±</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>0.10</span><span>&nbsp;</span><span>m/d) to gradually slowing on time scales of weeks to months. The ability to measure spatial and temporal rates of motion of the effusing lava dome from oblique terrestrial photographs provided a significant, and sometimes the sole, means of identifying and quantifying dome growth during the eruption, and it demonstrates the utility of using frequent, long-term terrestrial photography to monitor and study volcanic eruptions.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.034","usgsCitation":"Major, J.J., Dzurisin, D., Schilling, S.P., and Poland, M.P., 2009, Monitoring lava-dome growth during the 2004–2008 Mount St. Helens, Washington, eruption using oblique terrestrial photography: Earth and Planetary Science Letters, v. 286, no. 1-2, p. 243-254, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2009.06.034.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"243","endPage":"254","numberOfPages":"12","costCenters":[{"id":336,"text":"Hawaiian Volcano Observatory","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":358938,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Washington","otherGeospatial":"Mount St. Helens","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.0833\n            ],\n            [\n              -122,\n              46.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.3\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.35,\n              46.0833\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"286","issue":"1-2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cbd4e4b034bf6a7f7ef7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Major, Jon J. 0000-0003-2449-4466 jjmajor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2449-4466","contributorId":439,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Major","given":"Jon","email":"jjmajor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750292,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dzurisin, Daniel 0000-0002-0138-5067 dzurisin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0138-5067","contributorId":538,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dzurisin","given":"Daniel","email":"dzurisin@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750293,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Schilling, Steve P. sschilli@usgs.gov","contributorId":634,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schilling","given":"Steve","email":"sschilli@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750294,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Poland, Michael P. 0000-0001-5240-6123 mpoland@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5240-6123","contributorId":146118,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Poland","given":"Michael","email":"mpoland@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":750295,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70146992,"text":"70146992 - 2009 - The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2015-04-27T09:48:56","indexId":"70146992","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T10:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1837,"text":"Global Change Biology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders","docAbstract":"<p>I examined the potential influence of climate change on the dynamics of a previously studied hybrid zone between a pair of terrestrial salamanders at the Coweeta Hydrologic Laboratory, U.S. Forest Service, in the Nantahala Mountains of North Carolina, USA. A 16-year study led by Nelson G. Hairston, Sr. revealed that <i>Plethodon teyahalee</i> and <i>Plethodon shermani</i> hybridized at intermediate elevations, forming a cline between 'pure' parental <i>P. teyahalee</i> at lower elevations and 'pure' parental <i>P. shermani</i> at higher elevations. From 1974 to 1990 the proportion of salamanders at the higher elevation scored as 'pure' <i>P. shermani</i> declined significantly, indicating that the hybrid zone was spreading upward. To date there have been no rigorous tests of hypotheses for the movement of this hybrid zone. Using temperature and precipitation data from Coweeta, I re-analyzed Hairston's data to examine whether the observed elevational shift was correlated with variation in either air temperature or precipitation from the same time period. For temperature, my analysis tracked the results of the original study: the proportion of 'pure' <i>P. shermani</i> at the higher elevation declined significantly with increasing mean annual temperature, whereas the proportion of 'pure' <i>P. teyahalee</i> at lower elevations did not. There was no discernable relationship between proportions of 'pure' individuals of either species with variation in precipitation. From 1974 to 1990, low-elevation air temperatures at the Coweeta Laboratory ranged from annual means of 11.8 to 14.2 &deg;C, compared with a 55-year average (1936-1990) of 12.6 &deg;C. My re-analyses indicate that the upward spread of the hybrid zone is correlated with increasing air temperatures, but not precipitation, and provide an empirical test of a hypothesis for one factor that may have influenced this movement. My results aid in understanding the potential impact that climate change may have on the ecology and evolution of terrestrial salamanders in montane regions.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"Blackwell Science","publisherLocation":"Oxford, England","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01867.x","usgsCitation":"Walls, S.C., 2009, The role of climate in the dynamics of a hybrid zone in Appalachian salamanders: Global Change Biology, v. 15, no. 8, p. 1903-1910, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2009.01867.x.","productDescription":"8 p.","startPage":"1903","endPage":"1910","numberOfPages":"8","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-007485","costCenters":[{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":299890,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"15","issue":"8","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":7,"text":"Ft. Lauderdale PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-02","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"553f5dbee4b0a658d7938d00","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Walls, Susan C. 0000-0001-7391-9155 swalls@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7391-9155","contributorId":138952,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Walls","given":"Susan","email":"swalls@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":17705,"text":"Wetland and Aquatic Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":566,"text":"Southeast Ecological Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":545553,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70246274,"text":"70246274 - 2009 - Fishway evaluations for better bioengineering: An integrative approach","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-06-29T15:14:53.629772","indexId":"70246274","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T09:57:22","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Fishway evaluations for better bioengineering: An integrative approach","docAbstract":"<p><span>Effective fishway design requires extensive integration of biological and hydraulic data. Many relevant biological parameters remain poorly characterized, however, and the lack of adequate biological data has long been recognized as a central weakness in fish passage technology. This is of particular concern given the growing recognition of the importance of passing a broad diversity of species. Part of the reason for this weakness is the difficulty of identifying relevant biological, hydraulic, and other physical parameters. We propose that by both exploring questions suggested by current knowledge, and also by increasing the frequency and refining the methods with which fishways are evaluated, two results can be achieved: our understanding of design effectiveness can be improved, and research questions can be prioritized through adaptive management. We describe a framework and rationale for fishway evaluations that identifies several promising avenues of research. Understanding correlates of passage performance is increasingly important as fish passage needs expand on a global scale.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Challenges for diadromous fishes in a dynamic global environment","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","doi":"10.47886/9781934874080.ch34","usgsCitation":"Castro-Santos, T.R., Cotel, A., and Webb, P., 2009, Fishway evaluations for better bioengineering: An integrative approach, chap. <i>of</i> Challenges for diadromous fishes in a dynamic global environment, v. 69, p. 557-575, https://doi.org/10.47886/9781934874080.ch34.","productDescription":"19 p.","startPage":"557","endPage":"575","costCenters":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":418625,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"69","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Haro, Alexander 0000-0002-7188-9172 aharo@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7188-9172","contributorId":139198,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haro","given":"Alexander","email":"aharo@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876595,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Smith, Katherine L.","contributorId":315472,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Smith","given":"Katherine","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876596,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Rulifson, R.","contributorId":152320,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Rulifson","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876597,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Moffitt, Christine M. 0000-0001-6020-9728 cmoffitt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6020-9728","contributorId":2583,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Moffitt","given":"Christine","email":"cmoffitt@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876598,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Klauda, R. J.","contributorId":152388,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Klauda","given":"R.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876599,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Dadswell, M. J.","contributorId":152387,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dadswell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876600,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":6},{"text":"Cunjak, Richard","contributorId":171688,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cunjak","given":"Richard","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876601,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":7},{"text":"Cooper, John E.","contributorId":315473,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cooper","given":"John","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876602,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":8},{"text":"Beal, Kenneth L.","contributorId":315474,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Beal","given":"Kenneth","email":"","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876603,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":9},{"text":"Avery, Trevor S.","contributorId":292428,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Avery","given":"Trevor","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":62902,"text":"Acadia University, Nova Scotia, Canada","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876604,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":10}],"authors":[{"text":"Castro-Santos, Theodore R. 0000-0003-2575-9120 tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2575-9120","contributorId":3321,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Castro-Santos","given":"Theodore","email":"tcastrosantos@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[{"id":365,"text":"Leetown Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":876592,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cotel, Aline","contributorId":252831,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cotel","given":"Aline","email":"","affiliations":[{"id":37387,"text":"University of Michigan","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":876593,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Webb, Paul","contributorId":315471,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Webb","given":"Paul","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":876594,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70047289,"text":"70047289 - 2009 - Controlling the spread of invasive species while sampling","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-06-03T09:18:42","indexId":"70047289","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Controlling the spread of invasive species while sampling","docAbstract":"<p>Invasive species have a substantial impact on natural resource management. The economic cost of invasive species to people in the United States is an estimated US$137 billion annually (Pimental et al. 2000). The environmental cost is much greater and usually incalculable (Pimental et al. 2005). Nearly half of the plant and animal species federally listed in the United States' Endangered Species Act are threatened or endangered primarily as a consequence of invasive species that directly prey on native species or outcompete them for limited resources (Wilcove et al. 1998; Pimental et al. 2005) The result is reduced population numbers and, sometimes, local extinction of native plants and animals (Pimental at al. 2005). Such environmental damage is often irreparable. As natural resource managers, it is our responsibility to manage and conserve valuable natural resources. However, if our focus is limited to specific projects and tasks at hand, we may overlook the broader ramifications of our actions and unintentionally contribute to the invasive species problem.</p><p>This chapter focuses on measures that should be taken to present, minimize, or control the spread of invasive species in the routine work we do as natural resource professionals. Inadvertently transporting potentially harmful organisms undermines our purposed as natural resource professionals. It is imperative that we understand that pathways that we create and strive to eliminate (when possible) or minimize the potential damage that may result from our actions. A combination of technologies, education, codes of conduct, and government overshot, as recommended by the Ecological Society of America, can prevent invasive species introductions from pathways that already exist (Lodge et al. 2006). In the long run, a purposeful prevention strategy&nbsp;for stopping unintentional species introductions will promote responsible natural resource management and will help us to achieve agency goals.</p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"American Fisheries Society","publisherLocation":"Bethesda, MD","usgsCitation":"Jacks, S., Sharon, S., Kinnunen, R.E., Britton, D.K., and Smith, S.S., 2009, Controlling the spread of invasive species while sampling, chap. <i>of</i> Standard methods for sampling North American freshwater fishes, p. 217-222.","productDescription":"6 p.","startPage":"217","endPage":"222","numberOfPages":"6","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":364296,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":297202,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://fisheries.org/shop/55059c"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"51f78ee5e4b02e26443a9363","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Bonar, Scott A. 0000-0003-3532-4067 sbonar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3532-4067","contributorId":3712,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonar","given":"Scott","email":"sbonar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":200,"text":"Coop Res Unit Seattle","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":509432,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hubert, Wayne A.","contributorId":9325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hubert","given":"Wayne","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509433,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Willis, David W.","contributorId":55313,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Willis","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":509434,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Jacks, Stewart","contributorId":101966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jacks","given":"Stewart","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481630,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Sharon, Steve","contributorId":7592,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sharon","given":"Steve","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481626,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Kinnunen, Ronald E.","contributorId":42930,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kinnunen","given":"Ronald","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481628,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Britton, David K.","contributorId":13512,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Britton","given":"David","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":481627,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Smith, Scott S. sssmith@usgs.gov","contributorId":2950,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"Scott","email":"sssmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":481625,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97725,"text":"sir20095170 - 2009 - Estimating Low-Flow Frequency Statistics and Hydrologic Analysis of Selected Streamflow-Gaging Stations, Nooksack River Basin, Northwestern Washington and Canada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"sir20095170","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5170","title":"Estimating Low-Flow Frequency Statistics and Hydrologic Analysis of Selected Streamflow-Gaging Stations, Nooksack River Basin, Northwestern Washington and Canada","docAbstract":"Low-flow frequency statistics were computed at 17 continuous-record streamflow-gaging stations and 8 miscellaneous measurement sites in and near the Nooksack River basin in northwestern Washington and Canada, including the 1, 3, 7, 15, 30, and 60 consecutive-day low flows with recurrence intervals of 2 and 10 years. Using these low-flow statistics, 12 regional regression equations were developed for estimating the same low-flow statistics at ungaged sites in the Nooksack River basin using a weighted-least-squares method. Adjusted R2 (coefficient of determination) values for the equations ranged from 0.79 to 0.93 and the root-mean-squared error (RMSE) expressed as a percentage ranged from 77 to 560 percent.\r\n\r\nStreamflow records from six gaging stations located in mountain-stream or lowland-stream subbasins of the Nooksack River basin were analyzed to determine if any of the gaging stations could be removed from the network without significant loss of information. Using methods of hydrograph comparison, daily-value correlation, variable space, and flow-duration ratios, and other factors relating to individual subbasins, the six gaging stations were prioritized from most to least important as follows: Skookum Creek (12209490), Anderson Creek (12210900), Warm Creek (12207750), Fishtrap Creek (12212050), Racehorse Creek (12206900), and Clearwater Creek (12207850). The optimum streamflow-gaging station network would contain all gaging stations except Clearwater Creek, and the minimum network would include Skookum Creek and Anderson Creek.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095170","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Lummi Nation","usgsCitation":"Curran, C.A., and Olsen, T.D., 2009, Estimating Low-Flow Frequency Statistics and Hydrologic Analysis of Selected Streamflow-Gaging Stations, Nooksack River Basin, Northwestern Washington and Canada: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5170, vi, 45 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095170.","productDescription":"vi, 45 p.","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118471,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5170.jpg"},{"id":12890,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5170/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -122.75,48.416666666666664 ], [ -122.75,49.166666666666664 ], [ -121.5,49.166666666666664 ], [ -121.5,48.416666666666664 ], [ -122.75,48.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0ce4b07f02db5fc9ba","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Curran, Christopher A. 0000-0001-8933-416X ccurran@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8933-416X","contributorId":1650,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Curran","given":"Christopher","email":"ccurran@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302981,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Olsen, Theresa D. 0000-0003-4099-4057 tdolsen@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4099-4057","contributorId":1644,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olsen","given":"Theresa","email":"tdolsen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302980,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70190572,"text":"70190572 - 2009 - Organochlorine contaminants in fishes from coastal waters west of Amukta Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-17T16:44:21","indexId":"70190572","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1571,"text":"Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Organochlorine contaminants in fishes from coastal waters west of Amukta Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>Organochlorines were examined in liver and stable isotopes in muscle of fishes from the western Aleutian Islands, Alaska, in relation to islands or locations affected by military occupation. Pacific cod&nbsp;</span><i>(Gadus macrocephalus)</i><span>, Pacific halibut<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>(Hippoglossus stenolepis)</i><span>, and rock greenling<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>(Hexagrammos lagocephalus)</i><span><span>&nbsp;</span>were collected from nearshore waters at contemporary (decommissioned) and historical (World War II) military locations, as well as at reference locations. Total (Σ) polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) dominated the suite of organochlorine groups (ΣDDTs, Σchlordane cyclodienes, Σother cyclodienes, and Σchlorinated benzenes and cyclohexanes) detected in fishes at all locations, followed by ΣDDTs and Σchlordanes; dichlorodiphenyldi-chloroethylene (</span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′DDE) composed 52 to 66% of ΣDDTs by species. Organochlorine concentrations were higher or similar in cod compared to halibut and lowest in greenling; they were among the highest for fishes in Arctic or near Arctic waters. Organochlorine group concentrations varied among species and locations, but ΣPCB concentrations in all species were consistently higher at military locations than at reference locations. Moreover, all organochlorine group concentrations were higher in halibut from military locations than those from reference locations. A wide range of molecular weight organochlorines was detected at all locations, which implied regional or long-range transport and deposition, as well as local point-source contamination. Furthermore, a preponderance of higher-chlorinated PCB congeners in fishes from contemporary military islands implied recent exposure. Concentrations in all organochlorine groups increased with δ</span><sup>15</sup><span>N enrichment in fishes, and analyses of residual variation provided further evidence of different sources of ΣPCBs and<span>&nbsp;</span></span><i>p</i><span>,</span><i>p</i><span>′DDE among species and locations.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Society of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry","doi":"10.1897/08-498.1","usgsCitation":"Miles, A.K., Ricca, M., Anthony, R., and Estes, J.A., 2009, Organochlorine contaminants in fishes from coastal waters west of Amukta Pass, Aleutian Islands, Alaska, USA: Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, v. 28, no. 8, p. 1643-1654, https://doi.org/10.1897/08-498.1.","productDescription":"12 p.","startPage":"1643","endPage":"1654","ipdsId":"IP-007677","costCenters":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345558,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Alaska","otherGeospatial":"Aleutian Islands, Amukta Pass","volume":"28","issue":"8","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-08-01","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"59b25b04e4b020cdf7db1fe7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Miles, A. Keith 0000-0002-3108-808X keith_miles@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3108-808X","contributorId":196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miles","given":"A.","email":"keith_miles@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Keith","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":709855,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Ricca, Mark A.","contributorId":39736,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ricca","given":"Mark A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709856,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Anthony, Robert G.","contributorId":61324,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Anthony","given":"Robert G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":709857,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Estes, James A. jim_estes@usgs.gov","contributorId":53325,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Estes","given":"James","email":"jim_estes@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":651,"text":"Western Ecological Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":6949,"text":"University of California, Santa Cruz","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":709858,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70179336,"text":"70179336 - 2009 - Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigation, annual report 2007","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-29T11:19:32","indexId":"70179336","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":4,"text":"Other Government Series"},"title":"Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigation, annual report 2007","docAbstract":"<p>In 2007, we used radio and acoustic telemetry to evaluate the migratory behavior, survival, mortality, and delay of subyearling fall Chinook salmon in the Clearwater River and Lower Granite Reservoir. Monthly releases of radio-tagged fish (~95/month) were made from May through October and releases of 122-149/month acoustic-tagged fish per month were made from August through October. We compared the size at release of our tagged fish to that which could have been obtained at the same time from in-river, beach seine collections made by the Nez Perce Tribe. Had we relied on in-river collections to obtain our fish, we would have obtained very few in June from the free-flowing river but by late July and August over 90% of collected fish in the transition zone were large enough for tagging. </p>","language":"English","publisher":"Bonneville Power Administration ","usgsCitation":"Tiffan, K.F., Connor, W.P., McMichael, G.A., and Buchanan, R.A., 2009, Snake River fall Chinook salmon life history investigation, annual report 2007, v., 85 p. .","productDescription":"v., 85 p. ","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":332622,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Idaho, Washington","otherGeospatial":" Clearwater River, Snake River ","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -117.17742919921875,\n              46.44069599413034\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.04010009765625,\n              46.44069599413034\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90689086914064,\n              46.445427497233844\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.75308227539062,\n              46.50122820195782\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.70089721679686,\n              46.50878999443673\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.71188354492188,\n              46.48042784896914\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90551757812499,\n              46.417032314661775\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.00714111328125,\n              46.41229834595414\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.01263427734374,\n              46.35261512930026\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.92062377929686,\n              46.24730022570339\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90139770507811,\n              46.1560536971598\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90277099609374,\n              46.08370938230368\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.90277099609374,\n              46.03034226096046\n            ],\n            [\n              -116.971435546875,\n              46.026528350100904\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.03186035156251,\n              46.07323062540835\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.01675415039064,\n              46.1997949019545\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.07443237304686,\n              46.30899569419859\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.07443237304686,\n              46.403776166694634\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20626831054688,\n              46.408510875107204\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.22961425781249,\n              46.419872498633765\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.20214843749999,\n              46.45394316729876\n            ],\n            [\n              -117.17742919921875,\n              46.44069599413034\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"58662f14e4b0cd2dabe7c4bb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Tiffan, Kenneth F. 0000-0002-5831-2846 ktiffan@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5831-2846","contributorId":3200,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tiffan","given":"Kenneth","email":"ktiffan@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":656844,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Connor, William P.","contributorId":107589,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Connor","given":"William","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":16677,"text":"U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Idaho Fishery Resource Office, 276 Dworshak Complex Drive, Orofino, ID  83544","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656845,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"McMichael, Geoffrey A.","contributorId":177742,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"McMichael","given":"Geoffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":6727,"text":"Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":656846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Buchanan, Rebecca A.","contributorId":117624,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Buchanan","given":"Rebecca","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":656847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97723,"text":"ofr20091130 - 2009 - Evaluation of Restoration Methods to Minimize Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Infestation","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-02T12:22:45","indexId":"ofr20091130","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1130","title":"Evaluation of Restoration Methods to Minimize Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Infestation","docAbstract":"The National Wildlife Refuge System has an active habitat restoration program and annually seeds thousands of hectares with native plant species. The noxious weed, Canada thistle (Cirsium arvense), plagues these restorations. This study evaluates planting methodology and seed mixes with the goal of recommending optimal methods to reduce infestation of noxious weeds, especially Canada thistle, in new restorations. Three planting methods (dormant season broadcast, growing season [summer] broadcast, and growing season [summer] drill) were fully crossed with three levels of seed diversity (10, 20, and 34 species [plus a fourth level, 58 species, on the three sites in Iowa]) in a completely randomized design replicated on nine sites in Minnesota and Iowa. The propagule bank of Canada thistle was evaluated at each site. Planting occurred in winter 2004 and spring-summer 2005. Here I report on results through summer 2007. None of the planting methods or seed mix diversities consistently resulted in reduced abundance of Canada thistle. Soil texture had the strongest influence; sites with greater proportions of clay had greater frequency and cover of Canada thistle than did sandy sites. At the Minnesota study sites, the dormant broadcast planting method combined with the highest seed diversity resulted in both the greatest cover of planted species as well as the greatest richness of planted species. At the Iowa sites, planted species richness was slightly greater in the summer drill plots, but cover of planted species was greatest in the dormant broadcast plots. Richness of planted species at the Iowa sites was maximized in the high diversity plots, with the extra-high diversity seed mix resulting in significantly lower species richness. Individual species responded to planting methods idiosyncratically, which suggests that particular species could be favored by tailoring planting methods to that species.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091130","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service","usgsCitation":"Larson, D.L., 2009, Evaluation of Restoration Methods to Minimize Canada Thistle (Cirsium arvense) Infestation: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1130, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091130.","productDescription":"48 p.","costCenters":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125469,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1130.jpg"},{"id":12889,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1130/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a09e4b07f02db5fafc1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Larson, Diane L. 0000-0001-5202-0634 dlarson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5202-0634","contributorId":2120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Larson","given":"Diane","email":"dlarson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":480,"text":"Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302974,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97724,"text":"ofr20091155 - 2009 - An Examination of Selected Historical Rainfall-Induced Debris-Flow Events within the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:54","indexId":"ofr20091155","displayToPublicDate":"2009-08-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1155","title":"An Examination of Selected Historical Rainfall-Induced Debris-Flow Events within the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States","docAbstract":"Generally, every several years, heavy amounts of rainfall trigger a large number of debris flows within the central and southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States. These types of landslides damage buildings, disrupt infrastructure, and occasionally injure and kill people. One of the first large debris flows was described in Pennsylvania in August 1779. The most destructive event occurred during August 19-20, 1969, in Nelson County, Va. During a period of 8 hours, 710 to 800 milimeters of rain triggered more than 3,000 landslides, killing more than 150 people. As the population increases in this region, future storms will likely increase the risks of property damage and loss of life. We provide a general overview of debris flows in the Appalachians, using a compilation of 19 storm events for which rainfall, duration of the storm, and descriptions of the resulting landslides have been substantially documented.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091155","usgsCitation":"Wieczorek, G.F., Eaton, L.S., Morgan, B.A., Wooten, R., and Morrissey, M., 2009, An Examination of Selected Historical Rainfall-Induced Debris-Flow Events within the Central and Southern Appalachian Mountains of the Eastern United States: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1155, iv, 25 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091155.","productDescription":"iv, 25 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":412,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118523,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1155.jpg"},{"id":12913,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1155/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -86,34 ], [ -86,45 ], [ -72,45 ], [ -72,34 ], [ -86,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adce4b07f02db6864fc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wieczorek, Gerald F.","contributorId":81889,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wieczorek","given":"Gerald","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302978,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Eaton, L. Scott lse5a@usgs.gov","contributorId":67582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Eaton","given":"L.","email":"lse5a@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Scott","affiliations":[{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302977,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Morgan, Benjamin A.","contributorId":32158,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morgan","given":"Benjamin","email":"","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302976,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wooten, R.M.","contributorId":93593,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wooten","given":"R.M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302979,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Morrissey, M.","contributorId":8579,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Morrissey","given":"M.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302975,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97720,"text":"sim3087 - 2009 - Status of Groundwater Levels and Storage Volume in the Equus Beds Aquifer Near Wichita, Kansas, January 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:26","indexId":"sim3087","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3087","title":"Status of Groundwater Levels and Storage Volume in the Equus Beds Aquifer Near Wichita, Kansas, January 2009","docAbstract":"Beginning in the 1940s, the Wichita well field was developed in the Equus Beds aquifer in southwestern Harvey County and northwestern Sedgwick County to supply water to the city of Wichita (Williams and Lohman, 1949). In addition to supplying drinking water to the largest city in Kansas, the other primary use of water from the Equus Beds aquifer is to irrigate crops in this agriculture-dominated part of south-central Kansas (Rich Eubank, Kansas Department of Agriculture, Division of Water Resources, oral commun., 2008). The decline of water levels in the aquifer were noted soon after the development of the Wichita well field began (Williams and Lohman, 1949). As water levels in the aquifer decline, the volume of water stored in the aquifer decreases and less water is available to supply future needs. For many years the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS), in cooperation with the city of Wichita, has monitored these changes in water levels and the resulting changes in storage volume in the Equus Beds aquifer as part of Wichita's effort to effectively manage this resource. In 2007, the city of Wichita began using Phase I of the Equus Beds Aquifer Storage and Recovery (ASR) project for large-scale artificial recharge of the Equus Beds aquifer. The ASR project uses water from the Little Arkansas River - either pumped from the river directly or from wells in the riverbank that obtain their water from the river by induced infiltration - as the source of artificial recharge to the Equus Beds aquifer (City of Wichita, 2009).","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3087","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the City of Wichita, Kansas","usgsCitation":"Hansen, C.V., 2009, Status of Groundwater Levels and Storage Volume in the Equus Beds Aquifer Near Wichita, Kansas, January 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3087, Sheet: 28 x 26.5 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3087.","productDescription":"Sheet: 28 x 26.5 inches","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":111114,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86871.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"86871"},{"id":125539,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3087.jpg"},{"id":12887,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3087/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -97.7,37.833333333333336 ], [ -97.7,38.083333333333336 ], [ -97.36666666666666,38.083333333333336 ], [ -97.36666666666666,37.833333333333336 ], [ -97.7,37.833333333333336 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b00e4b07f02db6983c3","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hansen, Cristi V. chansen@usgs.gov","contributorId":435,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hansen","given":"Cristi","email":"chansen@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"V.","affiliations":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302970,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97722,"text":"ofr20091122 - 2009 - Update of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Atrazine Concentration in Streams","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"ofr20091122","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1122","title":"Update of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Atrazine Concentration in Streams","docAbstract":"Regression models for predicting atrazine concentrations in streams were updated by incorporating refined annual atrazine-use estimates and by adding an explanatory variable representing annual precipitation characteristics. The updated Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) models enable improved predictions of specific pesticide-concentration statistics for unmonitored streams. \r\n\r\nfor unmonitored streams. Separate WARP regression models were derived for selected percentiles (5th, 10th, 15th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 85th, 90th and 95th), annual mean, annual maximum, and annual maximum moving-average (21-, 60-, and 90-day durations) concentration statistics. Development of the regression models involved the same model-development data, model-validation data, and regression methods as those used in the original development of WARP. The original WARP models were based on atrazine-use estimates from either 1992 or 1997. This update of the WARP models incorporates annual atrazine-use estimates. In addition, annual precipitation data were evaluated as potential explanatory variables.\r\n\r\nas potential explanatory variables. The updated WARP models include the same five explanatory variables and transformations that were used in the original WARP models, including the new annual atrazine-use data. The models also include a sixth explanatory variable, total precipitation during May and June of the year of sampling. The updated WARP models account for as much as 82 percent of the variability in the concentration statistics among the 112 sites used for model development, whereas previous WARP models accounted for no more than 77 percent. Concentration statistics predicted by the 95th percentile, annual mean, annual maximum and annual maximum moving-average concentration models were within a factor of 10 of the observed concentration statistics for most of the model development and validation sites.\r\n\r\nOverall, performance of the models for the development and validation sites supports the application of the WARP models for predicting atrazine-concentration statistics in streams and provides a framework to interpret the predictions in terms of uncertainty. For streams where direct measurements of atrazine are lacking, the updated WARP model predictions can be used to characterize the probable values of atrazine-concentration statistics for comparison to specific water-quality benchmarks.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091122","usgsCitation":"Stone, W.W., and Gilliom, R.J., 2009, Update of Watershed Regressions for Pesticides (WARP) for Predicting Atrazine Concentration in Streams: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1122, viii, 22 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091122.","productDescription":"viii, 22 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125464,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1122.jpg"},{"id":12888,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1122/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e48cee4b07f02db5459ad","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Stone, Wesley W. 0000-0003-0239-2063 wwstone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0239-2063","contributorId":1496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Stone","given":"Wesley","email":"wwstone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":27231,"text":"Indiana-Kentucky Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":346,"text":"Indiana Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302973,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gilliom, Robert J. rgilliom@usgs.gov","contributorId":488,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gilliom","given":"Robert","email":"rgilliom@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302972,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70003741,"text":"70003741 - 2009 - Relations between sinkhole density and anthropogenic contaminants in selected carbonate aquifers in the eastern United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-02-23T19:01:49.937979","indexId":"70003741","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1534,"text":"Environmental Earth Sciences","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Relations between sinkhole density and anthropogenic contaminants in selected carbonate aquifers in the eastern United States","docAbstract":"<p><span>The relation between sinkhole density and water quality was investigated in seven selected carbonate aquifers in the eastern United States. Sinkhole density for these aquifers was grouped into high (&gt;25 sinkholes/100&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>), medium (1–25 sinkholes/100&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>), or low (&lt;1 sinkhole/100&nbsp;km</span><sup>2</sup><span>) categories using a geographical information system that included four independent databases covering parts of Alabama, Florida, Missouri, Pennsylvania, and Tennessee. Field measurements and concentrations of major ions, nitrate, and selected pesticides in samples from 451 wells and 70 springs were included in the water-quality database. Data were collected as a part of the US Geological Survey (USGS) National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program. Areas with high and medium sinkhole density had the greatest well depths and depths to water, the lowest concentrations of total dissolved solids and bicarbonate, the highest concentrations of dissolved oxygen, and the lowest partial pressure of CO</span><sub>2</sub><span>&nbsp;compared to areas with low sinkhole density. These chemical indicators are consistent conceptually with a conduit-flow-dominated system in areas with a high density of sinkholes and a diffuse-flow-dominated system in areas with a low density of sinkholes. Higher cave density and spring discharge in Pennsylvania also support the concept that the high sinkhole density areas are dominated by conduit-flow systems. Concentrations of nitrate-N were significantly higher (</span><i>p</i><span>&nbsp;&lt;&nbsp;0.05) in areas with high and medium sinkhole density than in low sinkhole-density areas; when accounting for the variations in land use near the sampling sites, the high sinkhole-density area still had higher concentrations of nitrate-N than the low sinkhole-density area. Detection frequencies of atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, prometon, and the atrazine degradate deethylatrazine indicated a pattern similar to nitrate; highest pesticide detections were associated with high sinkhole-density areas. These patterns generally persisted when analyzing the detection frequency by land-use groups, particularly for agricultural land-use areas where pesticide use would be expected to be higher and more uniform areally compared to urban and forested areas. Although areas with agricultural land use and a high sinkhole density were most vulnerable (median nitrate-N concentration was 3.7&nbsp;mg/L, 11% of samples exceeded 10&nbsp;mg/L, and had the highest frequencies of pesticide detection), areas with agricultural land use and low sinkhole density still were vulnerable to contamination (median nitrate-N concentration was 1.5&nbsp;mg/L, 8% of samples exceeded 10&nbsp;mg/L, and had some of the highest frequencies of detections of pesticides). This may be due in part to incomplete or missing data regarding karst features (such as buried sinkholes, low-permeability material in bottom of sinkholes) that do not show up at the scales used for regional mapping and to inconsistent methods among states in karst feature delineation.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"Springer","doi":"10.1007/s12665-009-0252-9","usgsCitation":"Lindsey, B., Katz, B.G., Berndt, M., Ardis, A.F., and Skach, K.A., 2009, Relations between sinkhole density and anthropogenic contaminants in selected carbonate aquifers in the eastern United States: Environmental Earth Sciences, v. 60, no. 5, p. 1073-1090, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-009-0252-9.","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"1073","endPage":"1090","costCenters":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":383606,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9013671875,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ],\n            [\n              -88.9013671875,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              39.027718840211605\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.5703125,\n              36.421282443649496\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","volume":"60","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-31","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac8e4b07f02db67c1ca","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Lindsey, Bruce D. 0000-0002-7180-4319 blindsey@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7180-4319","contributorId":434,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lindsey","given":"Bruce D.","email":"blindsey@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":532,"text":"Pennsylvania Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":348618,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Katz, Brian G. bkatz@usgs.gov","contributorId":1093,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Katz","given":"Brian","email":"bkatz@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348619,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Berndt, Marian P.","contributorId":45296,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Berndt","given":"Marian P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348621,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Ardis, Ann F.","contributorId":96672,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ardis","given":"Ann","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":348622,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Skach, Kenneth A. kaskach@usgs.gov","contributorId":1894,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Skach","given":"Kenneth","email":"kaskach@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":348620,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97719,"text":"sim3081 - 2009 - Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-29T16:53:55","indexId":"sim3081","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-31T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3081","title":"Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas","docAbstract":"<p>This report, done in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, the City of Houston, the Fort Bend Subsidence District, and the Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District, is one in an annual series of reports that depicts water-level altitudes and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper aquifers, and compaction in the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers in the Houston-Galveston region, Texas. The report (excluding appendixes) contains 16 sheets and 15 tables: 3 sheets are maps showing current-year (2009) water-level altitudes for each aquifer, respectively; 3 sheets are maps showing 1-year (2008-09) water-level changes for each aquifer, respectively; 3 sheets are maps showing 5-year (2004-09) water-level changes for each aquifer, respectively; 4 sheets are maps showing long-term (1990-2009 and 1977-2009) water-level changes for the Chicot and Evangeline aquifers, respectively; 1 sheet is a map showing long-term (2000-2009) water-level change for the Jasper aquifer; 1 sheet is a map showing site locations of borehole extensometers; and 1 sheet comprises graphs showing measured compaction of subsurface material at the sites from 1973 or later through 2008, respectively. Tables listing the data used to construct the aquifer-data maps and the compaction graphs are included.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sim3081","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Harris-Galveston Subsidence District, City of Houston, Fort Bend Subsidence District, and Lone Star Groundwater Conservation District","usgsCitation":"Kasmarek, M.C., Houston, N.A., and Ramage, J.K., 2009, Water-level altitudes 2009 and water-level changes in the Chicot, Evangeline, and Jasper Aquifers and compaction 1973-2008 in the Chicot and Evangeline Aquifers, Houston-Galveston Region, Texas: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3081, Report: 11 p.; Figures; Appendixes; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3081.","productDescription":"Report: 11 p.; Figures; Appendixes; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","temporalStart":"1973-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118677,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3081.jpg"},{"id":12886,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3081/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Texas","county":"Galveston, Houston","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.52636718749999,\n              30.031055426540206\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7021484375,\n              30.29701788337205\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.976806640625,\n              30.675715404167743\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.07568359375,\n              30.829139422013956\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.25970458984374,\n              30.954057859276126\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.614013671875,\n              30.95876857077987\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.064453125,\n              30.798474179567823\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2841796875,\n              30.64027517241868\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.3446044921875,\n              30.462879341709886\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.2237548828125,\n              30.073847754270204\n            ],\n            [\n              -96.03149414062499,\n              29.410890376109\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.82275390625,\n              29.080175989623203\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.6304931640625,\n              28.9072060763367\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.3558349609375,\n              28.8831596093235\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.7515869140625,\n              29.291189838184863\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.3505859375,\n              29.554345125748267\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a0de4b07f02db5fd07e","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Kasmarek, Mark C. 0000-0003-2808-2506 mckasmar@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2808-2506","contributorId":1968,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kasmarek","given":"Mark","email":"mckasmar@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302968,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Houston, Natalie A. 0000-0002-6071-4545 nhouston@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6071-4545","contributorId":1682,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Houston","given":"Natalie","email":"nhouston@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":583,"text":"Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302967,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ramage, Jason K. 0000-0001-8014-2874 jkramage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8014-2874","contributorId":3856,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ramage","given":"Jason","email":"jkramage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":48595,"text":"Oklahoma-Texas Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302969,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70199513,"text":"70199513 - 2009 - Peat accretion histories during the past 6,000 years in the marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA, USA","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-09-19T16:42:25","indexId":"70199513","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-30T16:41:58","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1584,"text":"Estuaries and Coasts","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Peat accretion histories during the past 6,000 years in the marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA, USA","docAbstract":"<p><span>The purpose of this study was to determine how vertical accretion rates in marshes vary through the millennia. Peat cores were collected in remnant and drained marshes in the Sacramento–San Joaquin Delta of California. Cubic smooth spline regression models were used to construct age–depth models and accretion histories for three remnant marshes. Estimated vertical accretion rates at these sites range from 0.03 to 0.49&nbsp;cm&nbsp;year</span><sup>−1</sup><span>. The mean contribution of organic matter to soil volume at the remnant marsh sites is generally stable (4.73% to 6.94%), whereas the mean contribution of inorganic matter to soil volume has greater temporal variability (1.40% to 7.92%). The hydrogeomorphic position of each marsh largely determines the inorganic content of peat. Currently, the remnant marshes are keeping pace with sea level rise, but this balance may shift for at least one of the sites under future sea level rise scenarios.</span></p>","doi":"10.1007/s12237-009-9202-8","usgsCitation":"Drexler, J.Z., de Fontaine, C.S., and Brown, T., 2009, Peat accretion histories during the past 6,000 years in the marshes of the Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta, CA, USA: Estuaries and Coasts, v. 32, no. 5, p. 871-892, https://doi.org/10.1007/s12237-009-9202-8.","productDescription":"22 p.","startPage":"871","endPage":"892","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":357522,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sacramento-San Joaquin Delta","volume":"32","issue":"5","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-30","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5c10cbd4e4b034bf6a7f7efb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Drexler, Judith Z. 0000-0002-0127-3866 jdrexler@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0127-3866","contributorId":167492,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Drexler","given":"Judith","email":"jdrexler@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":5044,"text":"National Research Program - Central Branch","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":745649,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"de Fontaine, Christian S.","contributorId":140339,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"de Fontaine","given":"Christian","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":590,"text":"U.S. Army Corps of Engineers","active":false,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":745650,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Brown, Thomas A.","contributorId":52817,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Thomas A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":745651,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":70157322,"text":"70157322 - 2009 - Vegetation change detection and quantification: linking Landsat imagery and LIDAR data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-04-25T16:30:59","indexId":"70157322","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Vegetation change detection and quantification: linking Landsat imagery and LIDAR data","docAbstract":"<p><span>Measurements of the horizontal and vertical structure of vegetation are helpful for detecting and monitoring change or disturbance on the landscape. Lidar has a unique ability to capture the three-dimensional structure of vegetation canopies. In this preliminary study, we present the results of a series of exploratory data analyses that tested our assumptions about the links between the structural data obtainable from lidar and the change detection products derived from Landsat imagery. Our study area is located in the Sierra National Forest in the Sierra Nevada Mountains of California and covers a wide range of vegetation types. The lidar data used in this study were collected by the Laser Vegetation Imaging System (LVIS) (Blair et al., 1999). LVIS is a largefootprint lidar system optimized to measure canopy structure characteristics. A series of Landsat scenes from 1984 through 2008 was collected for the study area (Path 42, Row 34) and processed to generate maps of disturbance. The preliminary results described here indicate that even simple metrics of height can be useful in assessing changes in structure brought about by disturbance in forest canopies. For example, canopy height values for 2008 were higher on average than those measured for 1999 in undisturbed forest, whereas this trend is not clearly observable for the disturbed forest patches.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"MultiTemp 2009: Fifth International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images: Conference Proceedings","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"MultiTemp 2009: Fifth International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images","conferenceDate":"July 28-30, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Groton, Connecticut","language":"English","publisher":"Center for Land Use Education and Research","usgsCitation":"Peterson, B.E., and Nelson, K., 2009, Vegetation change detection and quantification: linking Landsat imagery and LIDAR data, <i>in</i> MultiTemp 2009: Fifth International Workshop on the Analysis of Multi-temporal Remote Sensing Images: Conference Proceedings, Groton, Connecticut, July 28-30, 2009, 7 p.","productDescription":"7 p.","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-013481","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308284,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"California","otherGeospatial":"Sierra Nevada National Forest","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -119.00939941406249,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.63287353515624,\n              37.26312408340919\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.234619140625,\n              36.756490329505176\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.42437744140625,\n              36.798288873837045\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.751220703125,\n              37.555465068186955\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.00939941406249,\n              37.709899354855125\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55fd35c2e4b05d6c4e502c8b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Peterson, Birgit E. 0000-0002-4356-1540 bpeterson@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4356-1540","contributorId":3599,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Peterson","given":"Birgit","email":"bpeterson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572686,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nelson, Kurtis J. 0000-0003-4911-4511","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4911-4511","contributorId":105629,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Kurtis J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572687,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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