{"pageNumber":"2012","pageRowStart":"50275","pageSize":"25","recordCount":184689,"records":[{"id":97692,"text":"sir20085243 - 2009 - Occurrence of Selected Organic Compounds in Groundwater Used for Public Supply in the Plio-Pleistocene Deposits in East-Central Nebraska and the Dawson and Denver Aquifers near Denver, Colorado, 2002-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"sir20085243","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5243","title":"Occurrence of Selected Organic Compounds in Groundwater Used for Public Supply in the Plio-Pleistocene Deposits in East-Central Nebraska and the Dawson and Denver Aquifers near Denver, Colorado, 2002-2004","docAbstract":"The National Water-Quality Assessment Program of the U.S. Geological Survey has an ongoing Source Water-Quality Assessment program designed to characterize the quality of water in aquifers used as a source of drinking-water supply for some of the largest metropolitan areas in the Nation. In addition to the sampling of the source waters, sampling of finished or treated waters was done in the second year of local studies to evaluate if the organic compounds detected in the source waters also were present in the water supplied to the public.\r\n\r\nAn evaluation of source-water quality used in selected groundwater-supplied public water systems in east-central Nebraska and in the south Denver metropolitan area of Colorado was completed during 2002 through 2004. Fifteen wells in the Plio-Pleistocene alluvial and glacial deposits in east-central Nebraska (the High Plains study) and 12 wells in the Dawson and Denver aquifers, south of Denver (the South Platte study), were sampled during the first year to obtain information on the occurrence and distribution of selected organic chemicals in the source waters. During the second year of the study, two wells in east-central Nebraska were resampled, along with the associated finished water derived from these wells, to determine if organic compounds detected in the source water also were present in the finished water. Selection of the second-phase sampling sites was based on detections of the most-frequently occurring organic compounds from the first-year Source Water-Quality Assessment study results. The second-year sampling also required that finished waters had undergone water-quality treatment processes before being distributed to the public.\r\n\r\nSample results from the first year of sampling groundwater wells in east-central Nebraska show that the most-frequently detected organic compounds were the pesticide atrazine and its degradate, deethylatrazine (DEA, otherwise known as 2-chloro-4-isopropylamino-6-amino-s-triazine or CIAT), which were detected in 9 of the 15 wells (60 percent of the samples). The second most frequently detected organic compound was tetrachloroethylene, detected in 4 of the 15 wells (27 percent of the samples), followed by chloroform, trichloroethylene, and 2-hydroxyatrazine (2-hydroxy-4-isopropylamino-6-ethylamino-s-triazine, or OIET), present in 3 of the 15 wells (20 percent of the samples). The pesticide compounds deisopropylatrazine (2-chloro-6-ethylamino-4-amino-s-triazine, or CEAT), metolachlor, and simazine and the volatile organic compound cis-1,2-dichloroethylene were detected in 2 of the 15 wells, and the compounds diuron and 1,2-dichloroethane were detected in only 1 of the 15 wells during the first-year sampling. Most detections of these compounds were at or near the minimum reporting levels, and none were greater than their regulatory maximum contaminant level.\r\n\r\nThere were few detections of organic compounds during the first year of sampling groundwater wells in the South Platte study area. The compounds atrazine, deethylatrazine, picloram, tetrachloroethylene, methyl-tert-butyl-ether (MTBE), tris(2-butoxyethyl)phosphate, and bromoform were detected only once in all the samples from the 12 wells. Most detections of these compounds were at or near the minimum reporting levels, and none were greater than their regulatory maximum contaminant level.\r\n\r\nSecond-year sampling, which included the addition of paired source- and finished-water samples, was completed at two sites in the High Plains study area. Source-water samples from the second-year sampling had detections of atrazine and deethylatrazine; at one site deisopropylatrazine and chloroform also were detected. The finished-water samples, which represent the source water after blending with water from other wells and treatment, indicated a decrease in the concentrations of the pesticides at one site, whereas concentrations remained nearly constant at a second site. The trihalomethanes (THMs or disinfec","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085243","isbn":"9781411325135","usgsCitation":"Bails, J.B., Dietsch, B.J., Landon, M.K., and Paschke, S.S., 2009, Occurrence of Selected Organic Compounds in Groundwater Used for Public Supply in the Plio-Pleistocene Deposits in East-Central Nebraska and the Dawson and Denver Aquifers near Denver, Colorado, 2002-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5243, viii, 30 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085243.","productDescription":"viii, 30 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118625,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5243.jpg"},{"id":12847,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5243/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a80e4b07f02db6493dc","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bails, Jeffrey B. jbbails@usgs.gov","contributorId":813,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bails","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jbbails@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302899,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dietsch, Benjamin J. 0000-0003-1090-409X bdietsch@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1090-409X","contributorId":1346,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dietsch","given":"Benjamin","email":"bdietsch@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":464,"text":"Nebraska Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302900,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Landon, Matthew K. 0000-0002-5766-0494 landon@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5766-0494","contributorId":392,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Landon","given":"Matthew","email":"landon@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302898,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Paschke, Suzanne S.","contributorId":14072,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paschke","given":"Suzanne","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302901,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97688,"text":"sir20095091 - 2009 - Quality of Shallow Groundwater and Drinking Water in the Mississippi Embayment-Texas Coastal Uplands Aquifer System and the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, South-Central United States, 1994-2004","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"sir20095091","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5091","title":"Quality of Shallow Groundwater and Drinking Water in the Mississippi Embayment-Texas Coastal Uplands Aquifer System and the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, South-Central United States, 1994-2004","docAbstract":"The Mississippi embayment-Texas coastal uplands aquifer system is an important source of drinking water, providing about 724 million gallons per day to about 8.9 million people in Texas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Arkansas, Missouri, Tennessee, Kentucky, Illinois, and Alabama. The Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer ranks third in the Nation for total withdrawals of which more than 98 percent is used for irrigation. From 1994 through 2004, water-quality samples were collected from 169 domestic, monitoring, irrigation, and public-supply wells in the Mississippi embayment-Texas coastal uplands aquifer system and the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer in various land-use settings and of varying well capacities as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's National Water-Quality Assessment Program. Groundwater samples were analyzed for physical properties and about 200 water-quality constituents, including total dissolved solids, major inorganic ions, trace elements, radon, nutrients, dissolved organic carbon, pesticides, pesticide degradates, and volatile organic compounds.\r\n\r\nThe occurrence of nutrients and pesticides differed among four groups of the 114 shallow wells (less than or equal to 200 feet deep) in the study area. Tritium concentrations in samples from the Holocene alluvium, Pleistocene valley trains, and shallow Tertiary wells indicated a smaller component of recent groundwater than samples from the Pleistocene terrace deposits. Although the amount of agricultural land overlying the Mississippi River Valley alluvial aquifer was considerably greater than areas overlying parts of the shallow Tertiary and Pleistocene terrace deposits wells, nitrate was rarely detected and the number of pesticides detected was lower than other shallow wells. Nearly all samples from the Holocene alluvium and Pleistocene valley trains were anoxic, and the reducing conditions in these aquifers likely result in denitrification of nitrate. In contrast, most samples from the Pleistocene terrace deposits in Memphis, Tennessee, were oxic, and the maximum nitrate concentration measured was 6.2 milligrams per liter. Additionally, soils overlying the Holocene alluvium and Pleistocene valley trains, generally in areas near the wells, had lower infiltration rates and higher percentages of clay than soils overlying the shallow Tertiary and Pleistocene terrace deposits wells. Differences in these soil properties were associated with differences in the occurrence of pesticides. Pesticides were most commonly detected in samples from wells in the Pleistocene terrace deposits, which generally had the highest infiltration rates and lowest clay content.\r\n\r\nMedian dissolved phosphorus concentrations were 0.07, 0.11, and 0.65 milligram per liter in samples from the shallow Tertiary, Pleistocene valley trains, and Holocene alluvium, respectively. The widespread occurrence of dissolved phosphorus at concentrations greater than 0.02 milligram per liter suggests either a natural source in the soils or aquifer sediments, or nonpoint sources such as fertilizer and animal waste or a combination of natural and human sources. Although phosphorus concentrations in samples from the Holocene alluvium were weakly correlated to concentrations of several inorganic constituents, elevated concentrations of phosphorus could not be attributed to a specific source. Phosphorus concentrations generally were highest where samples indicated anoxic and reducing conditions in the aquifers. Elevated dissolved phosphorus concentrations in base-flow samples from two streams in the study area suggest that transport of phosphorus with groundwater is a potential source contributing to high yields of phosphorus in the lower Mississippi River basin.\r\n\r\nWater from 55 deep wells (greater than 200 feet deep) completed in regional aquifers of Tertiary age represent a sample of the principal aquifers used for drinking-water supply in the study area. The wells were screened in both confined and ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095091","usgsCitation":"Welch, H.L., Kingsbury, J.A., Tollett, R.W., and Seanor, R.C., 2009, Quality of Shallow Groundwater and Drinking Water in the Mississippi Embayment-Texas Coastal Uplands Aquifer System and the Mississippi River Valley Alluvial Aquifer, South-Central United States, 1994-2004: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5091, x, 53 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095091.","productDescription":"x, 53 p.","temporalStart":"1994-01-01","temporalEnd":"2004-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":394,"text":"Mississippi Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125594,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5091.jpg"},{"id":12843,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5091/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -102,25 ], [ -102,40 ], [ -83,40 ], [ -83,25 ], [ -102,25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65513f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Welch, Heather L. 0000-0001-8370-7711 hllott@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8370-7711","contributorId":552,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welch","given":"Heather","email":"hllott@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":105,"text":"Alabama Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302888,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Kingsbury, James A. 0000-0003-4985-275X jakingsb@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4985-275X","contributorId":883,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kingsbury","given":"James","email":"jakingsb@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":451,"text":"National Water Quality Assessment Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":37277,"text":"WMA - Earth System Processes Division","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":581,"text":"Tennessee Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302889,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Tollett, Roland W. 0000-0002-4726-5845 rtollett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4726-5845","contributorId":1896,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tollett","given":"Roland","email":"rtollett@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":24708,"text":"Lower Mississippi-Gulf Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302890,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Seanor, Ronald C. 0000-0001-5735-5580 rcseanor@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5735-5580","contributorId":3731,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Seanor","given":"Ronald","email":"rcseanor@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302891,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97689,"text":"ofr20091140 - 2009 - Evaluation of hazardous faults in the intermountain west region: Summary and recommendations of a workshop","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-06-17T18:41:22.470047","indexId":"ofr20091140","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1140","title":"Evaluation of hazardous faults in the intermountain west region: Summary and recommendations of a workshop","docAbstract":"<p>The U.S. Geological Survey’s (USGS) Earthquake Hazards Program (EHP) has the responsibility to provide nationwide information and knowledge about earthquakes and earthquake hazards as a step to mitigating earthquake-related losses. As part of this mission, USGS geologists and geophysicists continue to study faults and structures that have the potential to generate large and damaging earthquakes. In addition, the EHP, through its External Grants Program (hereinafter called Program), supports similar studies by scientists employed by state agencies, academic institutions, and independent employers. For the purposes of earthquake hazard investigations, the Nation is geographically subdivided into tectonic regions. One such region is the Intermountain West (IMW), which here is broadly defined as starting at the eastern margin of the Rocky Mountains in New Mexico, Colorado, Wyoming, and Montana and extending westward to the east side of the Sierra Nevada mountains in eastern California and into the Basin and Range-High Plateaus of eastern Oregon and Washington. The IMW contains thousands of faults that have moved in Cenozoic time, hundreds of which have evidence of Quaternary movement, and thus are considered to be potential seismic sources.</p><p>Ideally, each Quaternary fault should be studied in detail to evaluate its rate of activity in order to model the hazard it poses. The study of a single fault requires a major commitment of time and resources, and given the large number of IMW faults that ideally should be studied, it is impractical to expect that all IMW Quaternary faults can be fully evaluated in detail. A more realistic approach is to prioritize a list of IMW structures that potentially pose a significant hazard and to focus future studies on those structures. Accordingly, in June 2008, a two-day workshop was convened at the USGS offices in Golden, Colorado, to seek information from representatives of selected State Geological Surveys in the IMW and with knowledgeable regional experts to identify the important structures for future studies. Such a priority list allows Program managers to guide the limited resources toward studies of features that are deemed to potentially pose the most serious hazards in the IMW. It also provides the scientific community with a list of structures to investigate because they are deemed to pose a substantial hazard to population centers or critical structures. The IMW encompasses all or large parts of 12 states, including Arizona, New Mexico, extreme west Texas, Colorado, Utah, Nevada, eastern California, eastern Oregon, eastern Washington, Idaho, western Wyoming, and western Montana. In Utah, and more recently in Nevada, geoscientists have taken steps to evaluate geologic data related to well-studied faults and to develop a statewide priority list of hazardous structures. In contrast to Utah and Nevada, the other IMW states contain substantially fewer Quaternary faults, so there have not been any previous efforts to develop similar priority lists. This workshop was organized to address this matter and create a more balanced perspective of priorities throughout the entire IMW region. Because working groups and workshops had already been convened to specifically deal with Quaternary fault priorities in Utah and Nevada, this workshop specifically emphasized structures outside of these two states.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091140","collaboration":"Supported by the USGS Earthquake Hazards Program","usgsCitation":"Crone, A.J., Haller, K., and Maharrey, J.Z., 2009, Evaluation of hazardous faults in the intermountain west region: Summary and recommendations of a workshop: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1140, iv, 72 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091140.","productDescription":"iv, 72 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125473,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1140.jpg"},{"id":12844,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1140/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":402346,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86836.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Arizona, California, Colorado, Idaho, Montana, Nevada, New Mexico, Oregon, Texas, Utah, Washington, Wyoming","otherGeospatial":"Intermountain West","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -104.80957031249999,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80957031249999,\n              36.94989178681327\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.7216796875,\n              39.842286020743394\n            ],\n            [\n              -105.2490234375,\n              42.391008609205045\n            ],\n            [\n              -108.28125,\n              46.10370875598026\n            ],\n            [\n              -113.4228515625,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.10253906249999,\n              49.009050809382046\n            ],\n            [\n              -119.92675781249999,\n              43.16512263158296\n            ],\n            [\n              -120.36621093749999,\n              38.13455657705411\n            ],\n            [\n              -118.3447265625,\n              35.496456056584165\n            ],\n            [\n              -114.7412109375,\n              33.687781758439364\n            ],\n            [\n              -109.6875,\n              31.914867503276223\n            ],\n            [\n              -104.80957031249999,\n              31.42866311735861\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db6833e7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Crone, Anthony J. 0000-0002-3006-406X crone@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3006-406X","contributorId":790,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Crone","given":"Anthony","email":"crone@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302892,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Haller, Kathleen M. haller@usgs.gov","contributorId":1331,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Haller","given":"Kathleen M.","email":"haller@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":300,"text":"Geologic Hazards Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302893,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Maharrey, Joseph Z.","contributorId":21249,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Maharrey","given":"Joseph","email":"","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302894,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97691,"text":"sir20095162 - 2009 - Table Rock Lake Water-Clarity Assessment Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Data","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:55","indexId":"sir20095162","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5162","title":"Table Rock Lake Water-Clarity Assessment Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Data","docAbstract":"Water quality of Table Rock Lake in southwestern Missouri is assessed using Landsat Thematic Mapper satellite data. A pilot study uses multidate satellite image scenes in conjunction with physical measurements of secchi disk transparency collected by the Lakes of Missouri Volunteer Program to construct a regression model used to estimate water clarity. The natural log of secchi disk transparency is the dependent variable in the regression and the independent variables are Thematic Mapper band 1 (blue) reflectance and a ratio of the band 1 and band 3 (red) reflectance. The regression model can be used to reliably predict water clarity anywhere within the lake. A pixel-level lake map of predicted water clarity or computed trophic state can be produced from the model output. Information derived from this model can be used by water-resource managers to assess water quality and evaluate effects of changes in the watershed on water quality.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095162","usgsCitation":"Krizanich, G., and Finn, M.P., 2009, Table Rock Lake Water-Clarity Assessment Using Landsat Thematic Mapper Satellite Data: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5162, iv, 10 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095162.","productDescription":"iv, 10 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":383,"text":"Mid-Continent Geographic Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5162.jpg"},{"id":12846,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5162/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -93.83333333333333,36.416666666666664 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.833333333333336 ], [ -93.25,36.833333333333336 ], [ -93.25,36.416666666666664 ], [ -93.83333333333333,36.416666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4adfe4b07f02db687857","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krizanich, Gary","contributorId":73703,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krizanich","given":"Gary","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302897,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Finn, Michael P. 0000-0003-0415-2194 mfinn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0415-2194","contributorId":2657,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Michael","email":"mfinn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[{"id":5074,"text":"Center for Geospatial Information Science (CEGIS)","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302896,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97690,"text":"ofr20091060 - 2009 - Preliminary study of the effect of the proposed Long Lake Valley project operation on the transport of larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-07-01T21:16:26.551136","indexId":"ofr20091060","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1060","title":"Preliminary study of the effect of the proposed Long Lake Valley project operation on the transport of larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon","docAbstract":"A hydrodynamic model of Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes, Oregon, was used to explore the effects of the operation of proposed offstream storage at Long Lake Valley on transport of larval suckers through the Upper Klamath and Agency Lakes system during May and June, when larval fish leave spawning sites in the Williamson River and springs along the eastern shoreline and become entrained in lake currents. A range in hydrologic conditions was considered, including historically high and low outflows and inflows, lake elevations, and the operation of pumps between Upper Klamath Lake and storage in Long Lake Valley. Two wind-forcing scenarios were considered: one dominated by moderate prevailing winds and another dominated by a strong reversal of winds from the prevailing direction. \r\n\r\nOn the basis of 24 model simulations that used all combinations of hydrology and wind forcing, as well as With Project and No Action scenarios, it was determined that the biggest effect of project operations on larval transport was the result of alterations in project management of the elevation in Upper Klamath Lake and the outflow at the Link River and A Canal, rather than the result of pumping operations. This was because, during the spring time period of interest, the amount of water pumped between Upper Klamath Lake and Long Lake Valley was generally small. The dominant effect was that an increase in lake elevation would result in more larvae in the Williamson River delta and in Agency Lake, an effect that was enhanced under conditions of wind reversal. A decrease in lake elevation accompanied by an increase in the outflow at the Link River had the opposite effect on larval concentration and residence time.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091060","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Bureau of Reclamation","usgsCitation":"Wood, T.M., 2009, Preliminary study of the effect of the proposed Long Lake Valley project operation on the transport of larval suckers in Upper Klamath Lake, Oregon (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1060, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091060.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126858,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1060.jpg"},{"id":402892,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86845.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12845,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1060/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Oregon","otherGeospatial":"Upper Klamath Lake","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              42.22139878761366\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8,\n              42.22139878761366\n            ],\n            [\n              -121.8,\n              42.6147595985433\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              42.6147595985433\n            ],\n            [\n              -122.091064453125,\n              42.22139878761366\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e41b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Wood, Tamara M. 0000-0001-6057-8080 tmwood@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6057-8080","contributorId":1164,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wood","given":"Tamara","email":"tmwood@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302895,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97696,"text":"ofr20091142 - 2009 - Results of laboratory testing for diphacinone in seawater, fish, invertebrates, and soil following aerial application of rodenticide on Lehua Island, Kauai County, Hawaii, January 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-09-02T18:34:20.463353","indexId":"ofr20091142","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1142","title":"Results of laboratory testing for diphacinone in seawater, fish, invertebrates, and soil following aerial application of rodenticide on Lehua Island, Kauai County, Hawaii, January 2009","docAbstract":"In January 2009, rodenticide bait (Ramik Green pellets) containing the active ingredient diphacinone was aerially applied to Lehua Island. Reported herein are the results of laboratory analyses to determine diphacinone concentrations in samples of seawater, fillet of fish, soft tissue of limpets (opihi), whole-body crabs, and soil collected from Lehua Island, Kauai County, Hawaii, after aerial application of the rodenticide bait. Diphacinone was specifically chosen because of its low toxicity to nontarget organisms. Its use on Lehua Island is the second time it has ever been used for an aerial application to eradicate rodents. Testing of the Lehua Island samples for diphacinone utilized high-performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array detection. No detectable concentrations of diphacinone were found in any of the samples from Lehua Island. The limits of detection for diphacinone were 0.4 nanograms per milliliter (parts per billion) seawater, 15 nanograms per gram (dry weight) soil, 20 nanograms per gram (parts per billion) fish fillet, 13 nanograms per gram whole crab, and 34 nanograms per gram soft tissue limpet.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091142","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service, Region 1","usgsCitation":"Orazio, C.E., Tanner, M.J., Swenson, C., Herod, J.J., Dunlevy, P., and Gale, R.W., 2009, Results of laboratory testing for diphacinone in seawater, fish, invertebrates, and soil following aerial application of rodenticide on Lehua Island, Kauai County, Hawaii, January 2009: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1142, vi, 16 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091142.","productDescription":"vi, 16 p.","temporalStart":"2009-01-01","temporalEnd":"2009-01-31","costCenters":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118513,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1142.jpg"},{"id":406164,"rank":4,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86837.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":341552,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1142/pdf/OF2009_1142.pdf","text":"Report","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12851,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1142/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","county":"Kauai County","otherGeospatial":"Lehua Island","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.10805130004883,\n              22.013405776678614\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.09654998779297,\n              22.013405776678614\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.09654998779297,\n              22.029796928983433\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.10805130004883,\n              22.029796928983433\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.10805130004883,\n              22.013405776678614\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad3e4b07f02db6828aa","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orazio, Carl E. 0000-0002-2532-9668 corazio@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2532-9668","contributorId":1366,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orazio","given":"Carl","email":"corazio@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302913,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Tanner, Michael J.","contributorId":55115,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Tanner","given":"Michael","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302918,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Swenson, Chris","contributorId":51413,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Swenson","given":"Chris","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302917,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Herod, Jeffrey J.","contributorId":6966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Herod","given":"Jeffrey","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302915,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Dunlevy, Peter","contributorId":50625,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dunlevy","given":"Peter","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302916,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Gale, Robert W. 0000-0002-8533-141X rgale@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8533-141X","contributorId":2808,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gale","given":"Robert","email":"rgale@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":192,"text":"Columbia Environmental Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302914,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}}
,{"id":97695,"text":"ofr20091133 - 2009 - Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-04-22T08:56:36","indexId":"ofr20091133","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1133","title":"Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world","docAbstract":"Volcanic eruptions that spew tephra into the atmosphere pose a hazard to jet aircraft. For this reason, the International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) has designated nine Volcanic Ash and Aviation Centers (VAACs) around the world whose purpose is to track ash clouds from eruptions and notify aircraft so that they may avoid these ash clouds. During eruptions, VAACs and their collaborators run volcanic-ashtransport- and-dispersion (VATD) models that forecast the location and movement of ash clouds. These models require as input parameters the plume height H, the mass-eruption rate , duration D, erupted volume V (in cubic kilometers of bubble-free or 'dense rock equivalent' [DRE] magma), and the mass fraction of erupted tephra with a particle size smaller than 63 um (m63). Some parameters, such as mass-eruption rate and mass fraction of fine debris, are not obtainable by direct observation; others, such as plume height or duration, are obtainable from observations but may be unavailable in the early hours of an eruption when VATD models are being initiated. For this reason, ash-cloud modelers need to have at their disposal source parameters for a particular volcano that are based on its recent eruptive history and represent the most likely anticipated eruption. They also need source parameters that encompass the range of uncertainty in eruption size or characteristics. \r\n\r\nIn spring of 2007, a workshop was held at the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) Cascades Volcano Observatory to derive a protocol for assigning eruption source parameters to ash-cloud models during eruptions. The protocol derived from this effort was published by Mastin and others (in press), along with a world map displaying the assigned eruption type for each of the world's volcanoes. Their report, however, did not include the assigned eruption types in tabular form. Therefore, this Open-File Report presents that table in the form of an Excel spreadsheet. These assignments are preliminary and will be modified to follow upcoming recommendations by the volcanological and aviation communities.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091133","usgsCitation":"Mastin, L.G., Guffanti, M., Ewert, J.W., and Spiegel, J., 2009, Preliminary spreadsheet of eruption source parameters for volcanoes of the world (Version 1.2): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1133, Report: 6 p.; Table 3 Data: 19 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091133.","productDescription":"Report: 6 p.; Table 3 Data: 19 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":615,"text":"Volcano Hazards Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118508,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1133.jpg"},{"id":12850,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1133/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"edition":"Version 1.2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4acce4b07f02db67e43c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mastin, Larry G. 0000-0002-4795-1992 lgmastin@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4795-1992","contributorId":555,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mastin","given":"Larry","email":"lgmastin@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302909,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Guffanti, Marianne","contributorId":68257,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Guffanti","given":"Marianne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302912,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Ewert, John W. 0000-0003-2819-4057 jwewert@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2819-4057","contributorId":642,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ewert","given":"John","email":"jwewert@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":617,"text":"Volcano Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302910,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Spiegel, Jessica","contributorId":66966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Spiegel","given":"Jessica","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302911,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156575,"text":"70156575 - 2009 - Assessment of the short-term radiometric stability between Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ sensors","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-05-19T14:27:19.823898","indexId":"70156575","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Assessment of the short-term radiometric stability between Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ sensors","docAbstract":"<p><span>Short-term radiometric stability was evaluated using continuous ETM+ scenes within a single orbit (contact period) and the corresponding MODIS scenes for the four matching solar reflective visible and near-infrared (VNIR) band pairs between the two sensors. The near-simultaneous earth observations were limited by the smaller swath size of ETM+ (183 km) compared to MODIS (2330 km). Two sets of continuous granules for Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ were selected and mosaicked based on pixel geolocation information for noncloudy pixels over the African continent. The matching pixel pairs were resampled from a fine to a coarse pixel resolution, and the at-sensor spectral radiance values for a wide dynamic range of the sensors were compared and analyzed, covering various surface types. The following study focuses on radiometric stability analysis from the VNIR band-pairs of ETM+ and MODIS. The Libya-4 desert target was included in the path of this continuous orbit, which served as a verification point between the short-term and the long-term trending results from previous studies. MODTRAN at-sensor spectral radiance simulation is included for a representative desert surface type to evaluate the consistency of the results.</span></p>","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2009 IEEE International, IGARSS 2009","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":12,"text":"Conference publication"},"conferenceTitle":"Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2009 IEEE International, IGARSS 2009","conferenceDate":"July 12-17, 2009","conferenceLocation":"Cape Town, South Africa","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417501","usgsCitation":"Choi, T., Xiong, X., Chander, G., and Angal, A., 2009, Assessment of the short-term radiometric stability between Terra MODIS and Landsat 7 ETM+ sensors, <i>in</i> Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium, 2009 IEEE International, IGARSS 2009, v. 4, Cape Town, South Africa, July 12-17, 2009, p. 813-816, https://doi.org/10.1109/IGARSS.2009.5417501.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"813","endPage":"816","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-015219","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307333,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"4","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55dc402be4b0518e354d10d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Choi, Taeyoung","contributorId":146955,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Choi","given":"Taeyoung","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569549,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Xiong, Xiaoxiong","contributorId":15088,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xiong","given":"Xiaoxiong","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569550,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chander, Gyanesh gchander@usgs.gov","contributorId":3013,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chander","given":"Gyanesh","email":"gchander@usgs.gov","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":569551,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Angal, A.","contributorId":52716,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Angal","given":"A.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":569552,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70156842,"text":"70156842 - 2009 - Forest and forestry insect pests in Hawaii: past, present, and future","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-01-04T12:45:55","indexId":"70156842","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-17T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":19,"text":"Conference Paper"},"title":"Forest and forestry insect pests in Hawaii: past, present, and future","largerWorkType":{"id":24,"text":"Conference Paper"},"largerWorkTitle":"Proceedings of the 7th Meeting of IUFRO Working Party 7.03.04: Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries","conferenceTitle":"7th Meeting of IUFRO Working Party","conferenceDate":"July 13-17. 2009","conferenceLocation":"Hilo, Hawaii","language":"English","publisher":"Forest Health Protection","usgsCitation":"Contant, P., Hauff, R., Loope, L., and King, C., 2009, Forest and forestry insect pests in Hawaii: past, present, and future, <i>in</i> Proceedings of the 7th Meeting of IUFRO Working Party 7.03.04: Diseases and Insects in Forest Nurseries, Hilo, Hawaii, July 13-17. 2009, p. 16-38.","productDescription":"23 p.","startPage":"16","endPage":"38","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-017260","costCenters":[{"id":521,"text":"Pacific Island Ecosystems Research Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":307743,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":307989,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://www.iufro.org/download/file/6253/4502/70304-hilo09_pdf/","text":"Report","size":"2.65 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"},"description":"Report"}],"country":"United States","state":"Hawaii","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -160.762939453125,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.762939453125,\n              22.31958944283391\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.720458984375,\n              22.31958944283391\n            ],\n            [\n              -154.720458984375,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ],\n            [\n              -160.762939453125,\n              18.812717856407776\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"560bb68ee4b058f706e53c22","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Cram, Michelle M.","contributorId":147226,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Cram","given":"Michelle","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570806,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}],"authors":[{"text":"Contant, Patrick","contributorId":147227,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Contant","given":"Patrick","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570802,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Hauff, Robert","contributorId":117196,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hauff","given":"Robert","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570803,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Loope, Lloyd","contributorId":29781,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Loope","given":"Lloyd","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570804,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"King, Cynthia","contributorId":118496,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"King","given":"Cynthia","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":570805,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":70190255,"text":"70190255 - 2009 - Sea-level rise and coastal change: Causes and implications for the future of coasts and low-lying regions","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-03-15T12:47:46","indexId":"70190255","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-16T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3385,"text":"Shore & Beach","printIssn":"0037-4237","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Sea-level rise and coastal change: Causes and implications for the future of coasts and low-lying regions","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.<br></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Shore and Beach Preservation Association (ASBPA)","usgsCitation":"Williams, S.J., and Gutierrez, B.T., 2009, Sea-level rise and coastal change: Causes and implications for the future of coasts and low-lying regions: Shore & Beach, v. 77, no. 4, p. 13-21.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"13","endPage":"21","ipdsId":"IP-015857","costCenters":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":345011,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":352564,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://asbpa.org/publications/shore-and-beach/"}],"volume":"77","issue":"4","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":11,"text":"Pembroke PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"599bf125e4b0b589267ed34b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Williams, S. Jeffress 0000-0002-1326-7420 jwilliams@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1326-7420","contributorId":2063,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Williams","given":"S.","email":"jwilliams@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jeffress","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708170,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gutierrez, Benjamin T. 0000-0002-1879-7893 bgutierrez@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1879-7893","contributorId":2924,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gutierrez","given":"Benjamin","email":"bgutierrez@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":678,"text":"Woods Hole Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":708169,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97682,"text":"fs20093053 - 2009 - The National Map - Elevation","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":50084,"text":"fs10602 - 2002 - The National Map - Elevation","indexId":"fs10602","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Elevation"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97682,"text":"fs20093053 - 2009 - The National Map - Elevation","indexId":"fs20093053","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Elevation"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-03-27T15:29:32","indexId":"fs20093053","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3053","title":"The National Map - Elevation","docAbstract":"The National Elevation Dataset (NED) is the primary elevation data product produced and distributed by the USGS. The NED provides seamless raster elevation data of the conterminous United States, Alaska, Hawaii, and the island territories. The NED is derived from diverse source data sets that are processed to a specification with a consistent resolution, coordinate system, elevation units, and horizontal and vertical datums. The NED is the logical result of the maturation of the long-standing USGS elevation program, which for many years concentrated on production of topographic map quadrangle-based digital elevation models. The NED serves as the elevation layer of The National Map, and provides basic elevation information for earth science studies and mapping applications in the United States.\r\n\r\nThe NED is a multi-resolution dataset that is updated bimonthly to integrate newly available, improved elevation source data. NED data are available nationally at grid spacings of 1 arc-second (approximately 30 meters) for the conterminous United States, and at 1/3 and 1/9 arc-seconds (approximately 10 and 3 meters, respectively) for parts of the United States. Most of the NED for Alaska is available at 2-arc-second (about 60 meters) grid spacing, where only lower resolution source data exist. Part of Alaska is available at the 1/3-arc-second resolution, and plans are in development for a significant upgrade in elevation data coverage of the State over the next 5 years. Specifications for the NED include the following:\r\n\r\n*Coordinate system: Geographic (decimal degrees of latitude and longitude), \r\n*Horizontal datum: North American Datum of 1983 (NAD 83), \r\n*Vertical datum: North American Vertical Datum of 1988 (NAVD 88) over the conterminous United States and varies in other areas, and \r\n*Elevation units: Decimal meters.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/fs20093053","usgsCitation":"Gesch, D., Evans, G., Mauck, J., Hutchinson, J., and Carswell, W., 2009, The National Map - Elevation: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3053, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093053.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118555,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3053.jpg"},{"id":12834,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3053/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":338413,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3053/pdf/fs2009_3053.pdf"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a4be4b07f02db625907","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Gesch, Dean 0000-0002-8992-4933","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8992-4933","contributorId":87098,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gesch","given":"Dean","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302874,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Evans, Gayla 0000-0001-5072-4232","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5072-4232","contributorId":86727,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evans","given":"Gayla","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302873,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mauck, James","contributorId":107809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauck","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302875,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hutchinson, John 0000-0002-9595-5648","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9595-5648","contributorId":40303,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hutchinson","given":"John","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302872,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":97683,"text":"fs20093055 - 2009 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":79830,"text":"fs20073008 - 2007 - The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer","indexId":"fs20073008","publicationYear":"2007","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery Layer"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97683,"text":"fs20093055 - 2009 - The National Map - Orthoimagery","indexId":"fs20093055","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"fs20093055","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3055","title":"The National Map - Orthoimagery","docAbstract":"Orthorectified digital aerial photographs and satellite images of 1-meter (m) pixel resolution or finer make up the orthoimagery component of The National Map. The process of orthorectification removes feature displacements and scale variations caused by terrain relief and sensor geometry. The result is a combination of the image characteristics of an aerial photograph or satellite image and the geometric qualities of a map. These attributes allow users to:\r\n\r\n*Measure distance \r\n*Calculate areas \r\n*Determine shapes of features \r\n*Calculate directions \r\n*Determine accurate coordinates \r\n*Determine land cover and use \r\n*Perform change detection \r\n*Update maps \r\n \r\n\r\nThe standard digital orthoimage is a 1-m or finer resolution, natural color or color infra-red product. Most are now produced as GeoTIFFs and accompanied by a Federal Geographic Data Committee (FGDC)-compliant metadata file. The primary source for 1-m data is the National Agriculture Imagery Program (NAIP) leaf-on imagery. The U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) utilizes NAIP imagery as the image layer on its 'Digital- Map' - a new generation of USGS topographic maps (http://nationalmap.gov/digital_map). However, many Federal, State, and local governments and organizations require finer resolutions to meet a myriad of needs. Most of these images are leaf-off, natural-color products at resolutions of 1-foot (ft) or finer.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093055","usgsCitation":"Mauck, J., Brown, K., and Carswell, W., 2009, The National Map - Orthoimagery: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3055, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093055.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118557,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3055.jpg"},{"id":12835,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3055/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b050","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Mauck, James","contributorId":107809,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mauck","given":"James","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302878,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Brown, Kim 0000-0003-1714-1953 kimbrown@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1714-1953","contributorId":5228,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brown","given":"Kim","email":"kimbrown@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":223,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center (Geography)","active":false,"usgs":true},{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302877,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302876,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97686,"text":"sir20095117 - 2009 - Comparison of ASTER- and AVIRIS-derived mineral and vegetation maps of the White Horse replacement alunite deposit and surrounding area, Marysvale volcanic field, Utah","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-01-05T20:29:54.840182","indexId":"sir20095117","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5117","title":"Comparison of ASTER- and AVIRIS-derived mineral and vegetation maps of the White Horse replacement alunite deposit and surrounding area, Marysvale volcanic field, Utah","docAbstract":"This report presents and compares mineral and vegetation maps of parts of the Marysvale volcanic field in west-central Utah that were published in a recent paper describing the White Horse replacement alunite deposit. Detailed, field-verified maps of the deposit were produced from Airborne Visible/Infrared Imaging Spectrometer (AVIRIS) data acquired from a low-altitude Twin Otter turboprop airborne platform. Reconnaissance-level maps of surrounding areas including the central and northern Tushar Mountains, Pahvant Range, and portions of the Sevier Plateau to the east were produced from visible, near-infrared, and shortwave-infrared data acquired by the Advanced Spaceborne Thermal Emission and Reflection Radiometer (ASTER) sensor carried aboard the Terra satellite platform. These maps are also compared to a previously published mineral map of the same area generated from AVIRIS data acquired from the high-altitude NASA ER-2 jet platform. All of the maps were generated by similar analysis methods, enabling the direct comparison of the spatial scale and mineral composition of surface geologic features that can be identified using the three types of remote sensing data. \r\n\r\nThe high spatial (2-17 meter) and spectral (224 bands) resolution AVIRIS data can be used to generate detailed mineral and vegetation maps suitable for geologic and geoenvironmental studies of individual deposits, mines, and smelters. The lower spatial (15-30 meter) and spectral (9 bands) resolution ASTER data are better suited to less detailed mineralogical studies of lithology and alteration across entire hydrothermal systems and mining districts, including regional mineral resource and geoenvironmental assessments. The results presented here demonstrate that minerals and mineral mixtures can be directly identified using AVIRIS and ASTER data to elucidate spatial patterns of mineralogic zonation; AVIRIS data can enable the generation of maps with significantly greater detail and accuracy. The vegetation mapping results suggest that ASTER data may provide an efficient alternative to spectroscopic data for studies of burn severity after wildland fires. A new, semiautomated methodology for the analysis of ASTER data is presented that is currently being applied to ASTER data coverage of large areas for regional assessments of mineral-resource potential and mineral-environmental effects. \r\n\r\nAll maps are presented in a variety of digital formats, including jpeg, pdf, and ERDAS Imagine (.img). The Imagine format files are georeferenced and suitable for viewing with other geospatial data in Imagine, ArcGIS, and ENVI. The mineral and vegetation maps are attributed so that the material identified for a pixel can be determined easily in ArcMap by using the Identify tool and in Imagine by using the Inquire Cursor tool.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095117","usgsCitation":"Rockwell, B.W., 2009, Comparison of ASTER- and AVIRIS-derived mineral and vegetation maps of the White Horse replacement alunite deposit and surrounding area, Marysvale volcanic field, Utah: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5117, Report: iv, 31 p.; Downloads Directory, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095117.","productDescription":"Report: iv, 31 p.; Downloads Directory","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":169,"text":"Central Mineral Resources Team","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118649,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5117.jpg"},{"id":393930,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86828.htm"},{"id":12838,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"100000","projection":"Universal Transverse Mercator","country":"United States","state":"Utah","otherGeospatial":"Marysvale volcanic field","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -112.6978,\n              38.255\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8428,\n              38.255\n            ],\n            [\n              -111.8428,\n              38.8892\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.6978,\n              38.8892\n            ],\n            [\n              -112.6978,\n              38.255\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b24e4b07f02db6ae421","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Rockwell, Barnaby W. 0000-0002-9549-0617 barnabyr@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9549-0617","contributorId":2195,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Rockwell","given":"Barnaby","email":"barnabyr@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302885,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":70156995,"text":"70156995 - 2009 - Beaches","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T10:09:24","indexId":"70156995","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"Beaches","docAbstract":"Beaches are shoreline accumulations of loose sand, gravel or a mixture of the two, that are formed primarily by the action of waves. Beach sediment can be derived from a variety of sources including insular shelves, the adjacent land and upland sources, or other beach locations through alongshore movement of material. Beaches provide critical coastal habitat, such as nesting sites for sea turtles; they act as a buffer protecting adjacent land from storm wave attack; and they are an important cultural and recreational resource. Island beaches are the same as those on the continents, but island beach characteristics typically change over very short distances on account of rapid changes in coastline orientation, exposure to waves, and sediment source.","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Encyclopedia of Islands","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"University of California Press","publisherLocation":"Berkeley, CA","usgsCitation":"Richmond, B.M., 2009, Beaches, chap. <i>of</i> Encyclopedia of Islands, p. 91-94.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"91","endPage":"94","ipdsId":"IP-012757","costCenters":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":340897,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"publishingServiceCenter":{"id":14,"text":"Menlo Park PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183bce4b0e541a03c1a9a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Richmond, Bruce M. 0000-0002-0056-5832 brichmond@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0056-5832","contributorId":2459,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Richmond","given":"Bruce","email":"brichmond@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":520,"text":"Pacific Coastal and Marine Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":571303,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97681,"text":"sir20095032 - 2009 - Selected metals in sediments and streams in the Oklahoma Part of the Tri-State Mining District, 2000-2006","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-26T17:20:56","indexId":"sir20095032","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5032","displayTitle":"Selected Metals in Sediments and Streams in the Oklahoma Part of the Tri-State Mining District, 2000-2006","title":"Selected metals in sediments and streams in the Oklahoma Part of the Tri-State Mining District, 2000-2006","docAbstract":"The abandoned Tri-State mining district includes 1,188 square miles in northeastern Oklahoma, southeastern Kansas, and southwestern Missouri. The most productive part of the Tri-State mining district was the 40-square mile part in Oklahoma, commonly referred to as 'the Picher mining district' in north-central Ottawa County, Oklahoma. The Oklahoma part of the Tri-State mining district was a primary producing area of lead and zinc in the United States during the first half of the 20th century. Sulfide minerals of cadmium, iron, lead, and zinc that remained in flooded underground mine workings and in mine tailings on the land surface oxidized and dissolved with time, forming a variety of oxide, hydroxide, and hydroxycarbonate metallic minerals on the land surface and in streams that drain the district. Metals in water and sediments in streams draining the mining district can potentially impair the habitat and health of many forms of aquatic and terrestrial life.\r\n\r\nLakebed, streambed and floodplain sediments and/or stream water were sampled at 30 sites in the Oklahoma part of the Tri-State mining district by the U.S. Geological Survey and the Oklahoma Department of Environmental Quality from 2000 to 2006 in cooperation with the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and the Quapaw and Seneca-Cayuga Tribes of Oklahoma. Aluminum and iron concentrations of several thousand milligrams per kilogram were measured in sediments collected from the upstream end of Grand Lake O' the Cherokees. Manganese and zinc concentrations in those sediments were several hundred milligrams per kilogram. Lead and cadmium concentrations in those sediments were about 10 percent and 0.1 percent of zinc concentrations, respectively. Sediment cores collected in a transect across the floodplain of Tar Creek near Miami, Oklahoma, in 2004 had similar or greater concentrations of those metals than sediment cores collected at the upstream end of Grand Lake O' the Cherokees. The greatest concentrations of cadmium, iron, lead, and zinc were detected in sediments beneath an intermittent tributary to Tar Creek, a slough which drains mined areas near Commerce, Oklahoma.\r\n\r\nIn surface water, aluminum and iron concentrations were greatest in the Neosho River, perhaps a result of runoff from areas underlain by shales. The greatest aqueous concentrations of cadmium, lead, manganese, and zinc were measured in water from Tar Creek, the primary small stream draining the Picher mining district with the largest proportion of mined area. Water from the Spring River had greater zinc concentrations than water from the Neosho River, perhaps as a result of a greater proportion of mined area in the Spring River Basin. Dissolved metals concentrations were generally much less than total metals concentrations, except for manganese and zinc at sites on Tar Creek, where seepage of ground water from the mine workings, saturated mine tailings, and/or metalliferous streambed sediments may be sources of these dissolved metals. Iron and lead concentrations generally decreased with increasing streamflow in upstream reaches of Tar Creek, indicating dilution of metals-rich ground water by runoff. Farther downstream in Tar Creek, and in the Neosho and Spring Rivers, metals concentrations tended to increase with increasing streamflow, indicating that most metals in these parts of these streams were associated with runoff and re-suspension of metals precipitated as oxide, hydroxide, and hydroxycarbonate minerals on land surface and streambeds.\r\n\r\nEstimated total aluminum, cadmium, iron, manganese, and zinc loads generally were greatest in water from the Neosho and Spring Rivers, primarily because of comparatively large streamflows in those rivers. Slight increases in metal loads in the downstream directions on those rivers indicated contributions of metals from inflows of small tributaries such as Tar Creek and from runoff.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095032","usgsCitation":"Andrews, W.J., Becker, M.F., Mashburn, S.L., and Smith, S.J., 2009, Selected metals in sediments and streams in the Oklahoma Part of the Tri-State Mining District, 2000-2006: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5032, vii, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095032.","productDescription":"vii, 36 p.","temporalStart":"2000-01-01","temporalEnd":"2006-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125586,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5032.jpg"},{"id":12833,"rank":100,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5032/pdf/SIR2009-5032-web.pdf"}],"country":"United States","state":"Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -95.06744384765625,\n              36.785091795976946\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.23660278320312,\n              36.785091795976946\n            ],\n            [\n              -94.23660278320312,\n              37.267495764381856\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.06744384765625,\n              37.267495764381856\n            ],\n            [\n              -95.06744384765625,\n              36.785091795976946\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e49dde4b07f02db5e2632","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Andrews, William J. 0000-0003-4780-8835 wandrews@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4780-8835","contributorId":328,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Andrews","given":"William","email":"wandrews@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Becker, Mark F.","contributorId":40180,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Becker","given":"Mark","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Mashburn, Shana L. 0000-0001-5163-778X shanam@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5163-778X","contributorId":2140,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mashburn","given":"Shana","email":"shanam@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Smith, S. Jerrod 0000-0002-9379-8167 sjsmith@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9379-8167","contributorId":981,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Smith","given":"S.","email":"sjsmith@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Jerrod","affiliations":[{"id":516,"text":"Oklahoma Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97684,"text":"ofr20091143 - 2009 - Groundwater restoration at uranium in-situ recovery mines, south Texas coastal plain","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2018-08-28T15:37:02","indexId":"ofr20091143","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1143","title":"Groundwater restoration at uranium in-situ recovery mines, south Texas coastal plain","docAbstract":"This talk was presented by U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) geologist Susan Hall on May 11, 2009, at the Uranium 2009 conference in Keystone, Colorado, and on May 12, 2009, as part of an underground injection control track presentation at the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) Environmental Trade Fair and Conference in Austin, Texas. \r\n\r\nTexas has been the location of the greatest number of uranium in-situ recovery (ISR) mines in the United States and was the incubator for the development of alkaline leach technology in this country. For that reason, the author chose to focus on the effectiveness of restoration at ISR mines by examining legacy mines developed in Texas. The best source for accurate information about restoration at Texas ISR mines is housed at the TCEQ offices in Austin. The bulk of this research is an analysis of those records.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091143","usgsCitation":"Hall, S., 2009, Groundwater restoration at uranium in-situ recovery mines, south Texas coastal plain: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1143, 36 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091143.","productDescription":"36 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-05-11","temporalEnd":"2009-05-12","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118514,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1143.jpg"},{"id":356865,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1143/pdf/OF09-1143.pdf","text":"Report","size":"3.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}},{"id":12836,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a82e4b07f02db64b413","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hall, Susan 0000-0002-0931-8694","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0931-8694","contributorId":37438,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hall","given":"Susan","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302879,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97685,"text":"ofr20091078 - 2009 - Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) Data Processing Manual","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:05","indexId":"ofr20091078","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1078","title":"Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) Data Processing Manual","docAbstract":"The Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) is an example of a Light Detection and Ranging (Lidar) system that utilizes a blue-green wavelength (532 nanometers) to determine the distance to an object. The distance is determined by recording the travel time of a transmitted pulse at the speed of light (fig. 1). This system uses raster laser scanning with full-waveform (multi-peak) resolving capabilities to measure submerged topography and adjacent coastal land elevations simultaneously (Nayegandhi and others, 2009).\r\n\r\nThis document reviews procedures for the post-processing of EAARL data using the custom-built Airborne Lidar Processing System (ALPS). ALPS software was developed in an open-source programming environment operated on a Linux platform. It has the ability to combine the laser return backscatter digitized at 1-nanosecond intervals with aircraft positioning information. This solution enables the exploration and processing of the EAARL data in an interactive or batch mode. ALPS also includes modules for the creation of bare earth, canopy-top, and submerged topography Digital Elevation Models (DEMs). The EAARL system uses an Earth-centered coordinate and reference system that removes the necessity to reference submerged topography data relative to water level or tide gages (Nayegandhi and others, 2006).\r\n\r\nThe EAARL system can be mounted in an array of small twin-engine aircraft that operate at 300 meters above ground level (AGL) at a speed of 60 meters per second (117 knots). While other systems strive to maximize operational depth limits, EAARL has a narrow transmit beam and receiver field of view (1.5 to 2 milliradians), which improves the depth-measurement accuracy in shallow, clear water but limits the maximum depth to about 1.5 Secchi disk depth (~20 meters) in clear water. The laser transmitter [Continuum EPO-5000 yttrium aluminum garnet (YAG)] produces up to 5,000 short-duration (1.2 nanosecond), low-power (70 microjoules) pulses each second. Each pulse is focused into an illumination area that has a radius of about 20 centimeters on the ground. The pulse-repetition frequency of the EAARL transmitter varies along each across-track scan to produce equal cross-track sample spacing and near uniform density (Nayegandhi and others, 2006).\r\n\r\nTargets can have varying physical and optical characteristics that cause extreme fluctuations in laser backscatter complexity and signal strength. To accommodate this dynamic range, EAARL has the real-time ability to detect, capture, and automatically adapt to each laser return backscatter. The backscattered energy is collected by an array of four high-speed waveform digitizers connected to an array of four sub-nanosecond photodetectors. Each of the four photodetectors receives a finite range of the returning laser backscatter photons. The most sensitive channel receives 90% of the photons, the least sensitive receives 0.9%, and the middle channel receives 9% (Wright and Brock, 2002). The fourth channel is available for detection but is not currently being utilized. All four channels are digitized simultaneously into 65,536 samples for every laser pulse. Receiver optics consists of a 15-centimeter-diameter dielectric-coated Newtonian telescope, a computer-driven raster scanning mirror oscillating at 12.5 hertz (25 rasters per second), and an array of sub-nanosecond photodetectors. The signal emitted by the pulsed laser transmitter is amplified as backscatter by the optical telescope receiver. The photomultiplier tube (PMT) then converts the optical energy into electrical impulses (Nayegandhi and others, 2006).\r\n\r\nIn addition to the full-waveform resolving laser, the EAARL sensor suite includes a down-looking 70-centimeter-resolution Red-Green-Blue (RGB) digital network camera, a high-resolution color infrared (CIR) multispectral camera (14-centimeter-resolution), two precision dual-frequency kinematic carrier-phase global positioning system (GPS) receivers, and an ","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091078","usgsCitation":"Bonisteel, J.M., Nayegandhi, A., Wright, C.W., Brock, J., and Nagle, D., 2009, Experimental Advanced Airborne Research Lidar (EAARL) Data Processing Manual: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1078, viii, 38 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091078.","productDescription":"viii, 38 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125461,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1078.jpg"},{"id":12837,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1078/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a07e4b07f02db5f93ce","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bonisteel, Jamie M.","contributorId":12005,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bonisteel","given":"Jamie","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302881,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Nayegandhi, Amar","contributorId":37292,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nayegandhi","given":"Amar","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302882,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Wright, C. Wayne wwright@usgs.gov","contributorId":57422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Wright","given":"C.","email":"wwright@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Wayne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302883,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Brock, John 0000-0002-5289-9332 jbrock@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5289-9332","contributorId":2261,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Brock","given":"John","email":"jbrock@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5061,"text":"National Cooperative Geologic Mapping and Landslide Hazards","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302880,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Nagle, David","contributorId":86871,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nagle","given":"David","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302884,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}}
,{"id":70154927,"text":"70154927 - 2009 - <i>Bos grunniens</i> and <i>Bos mutus</i> (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-08T10:48:21","indexId":"70154927","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-15T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2654,"text":"Mammalian Species","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"<i>Bos grunniens</i> and <i>Bos mutus</i> (Artiodactyla: Bovidae)","docAbstract":"<p><i>Bos grunniens</i><span> Linnaeus, 1766, and </span><i>Bos mutus</i><span> (Przewalski, 1883) are the domestic and wild forms, respectively, of the bovid commonly called the yak. </span><i>B. mutus</i><span> inhabits remote high-elevation alpine meadows and alpine steppe in rolling to mountainous terrain in the Tibetan Plateau, and </span><i>B. grunniens</i><span> is maintained widely in China and other parts of Central Asia, and uncommonly elsewhere in the world. Populations of </span><i>B. mutus</i><span> are substantially reduced and fragmented throughout its remaining range; the largest numbers occur in northern Tibet and western Qinghai. </span><i>B. mutus</i><span> is vulnerable because of poaching and competition with domestic livestock. Although no complete survey of </span><i>B. mutus</i><span> has been conducted, there are probably no more than 15,000 remaining in remote areas of the Tibetan Plateau; </span><i>B. grunniens</i><span> numbers about 14 million.</span></p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Society of Mammalogists","doi":"10.1644/836.1","usgsCitation":"Leslie, D., and Schaller, G.B., 2009, <i>Bos grunniens</i> and <i>Bos mutus</i> (Artiodactyla: Bovidae): Mammalian Species, v. 836, p. 1-17, https://doi.org/10.1644/836.1.","productDescription":"17 p.","startPage":"1","endPage":"17","ipdsId":"IP-010172","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":476071,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1644/836.1","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":340907,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"836","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"591183bce4b0e541a03c1a9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Leslie, David M. Jr. cleslie@usgs.gov","contributorId":145497,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Leslie","given":"David M.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"cleslie@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":694381,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schaller, George B.","contributorId":191819,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Schaller","given":"George","email":"","middleInitial":"B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":694382,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":70230337,"text":"70230337 - 2009 - Comment on “Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along creeping section of the San Andreas Fault” by F. Rolandone et al","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-04-07T14:29:02.71198","indexId":"70230337","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T09:25:52","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1807,"text":"Geophysical Research Letters","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Comment on “Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along creeping section of the San Andreas Fault” by F. Rolandone et al","docAbstract":"<p>No abstract available.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"American Geophysical Union","doi":"10.1029/2009GL037964","usgsCitation":"Savage, J.C., 2009, Comment on “Aseismic slip and fault-normal strain along creeping section of the San Andreas Fault” by F. Rolandone et al: Geophysical Research Letters, v. 36, no. 13, L13305, 3 p., https://doi.org/10.1029/2009GL037964.","productDescription":"L13305, 3 p.","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":476072,"rank":0,"type":{"id":40,"text":"Open Access Publisher Index Page"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.1029/2009gl037964","text":"Publisher Index Page"},{"id":398312,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"36","issue":"13","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-07-14","publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Savage, James C. 0000-0002-5114-7673 jasavage@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5114-7673","contributorId":2412,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Savage","given":"James","email":"jasavage@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":237,"text":"Earthquake Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":840022,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97672,"text":"ofr20091115 - 2009 - Framework for a U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Climate-Response Program in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:27","indexId":"ofr20091115","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1115","title":"Framework for a U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Climate-Response Program in Maine","docAbstract":"This report presents a framework for a U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) hydrologic climate-response program designed to provide early warning of changes in the seasonal water cycle of Maine. Climate-related hydrologic changes on Maine's rivers and lakes in the winter and spring during the last century are well documented, and several river and lake variables have been shown to be sensitive to air-temperature changes. Monitoring of relevant hydrologic data would provide important baseline information against which future climate change can be measured.\r\n\r\nThe framework of the hydrologic climate-response program presented here consists of four major parts: (1) identifying homogeneous climate-response regions; (2) identifying hydrologic components and key variables of those components that would be included in a hydrologic climate-response data network - as an example, streamflow has been identified as a primary component, with a key variable of streamflow being winter-spring streamflow timing; the data network would be created by maintaining existing USGS data-collection stations and establishing new ones to fill data gaps; (3) regularly updating historical trends of hydrologic data network variables; and (4) establishing basins for process-based studies.\r\n\r\nComponents proposed for inclusion in the hydrologic climate-response data network have at least one key variable for which substantial historical data are available. The proposed components are streamflow, lake ice, river ice, snowpack, and groundwater. The proposed key variables of each component have extensive historical data at multiple sites and are expected to be responsive to climate change in the next few decades. These variables are also important for human water use and (or) ecosystem function.\r\n\r\nMaine would be divided into seven climate-response regions that follow major river-basin boundaries (basins subdivided to hydrologic units with 8-digit codes or larger) and have relatively homogeneous climates. Key hydrologic variables within each climate-response region would be analyzed regularly to maintain up-to-date analyses of year-to-year variability, decadal variability, and longer term trends. Finally, one basin in each climate-response region would be identified for process-based hydrologic and ecological studies.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091115","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., Lent, R.M., Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, C.W., 2009, Framework for a U.S. Geological Survey Hydrologic Climate-Response Program in Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1115, vi, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091115.","productDescription":"vi, 24 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118501,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1115.jpg"},{"id":12824,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1115/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -71.5,43 ], [ -71.5,47.5 ], [ -67,47.5 ], [ -67,43 ], [ -71.5,43 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b12e4b07f02db6a2c43","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Hodgkins, Glenn A. 0000-0002-4916-5565 gahodgki@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4916-5565","contributorId":2020,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hodgkins","given":"Glenn","email":"gahodgki@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302840,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Lent, Robert M. rmlent@usgs.gov","contributorId":284,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Lent","given":"Robert","email":"rmlent@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302838,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Dudley, Robert W. 0000-0002-0934-0568 rwdudley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0934-0568","contributorId":2223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dudley","given":"Robert","email":"rwdudley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":466,"text":"New England Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302841,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Schalk, Charles W. cwschalk@usgs.gov","contributorId":1726,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schalk","given":"Charles","email":"cwschalk@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302839,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}}
,{"id":97674,"text":"fs20093054 - 2009 - The National Map - Hydrography","interactions":[{"subject":{"id":44658,"text":"fs06002 - 2002 - The National Map - Hydrography","indexId":"fs06002","publicationYear":"2002","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Hydrography"},"predicate":"SUPERSEDED_BY","object":{"id":97674,"text":"fs20093054 - 2009 - The National Map - Hydrography","indexId":"fs20093054","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"title":"The National Map - Hydrography"},"id":1}],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:14:28","indexId":"fs20093054","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3054","title":"The National Map - Hydrography","docAbstract":"The National Hydrography Dataset (NHD) is the surface-water component of The National Map. The NHD is a comprehensive set of digital spatial data that represents the surface water of the United States using common features such as lakes, ponds, streams, rivers, canals, streamgages, and dams. Polygons are used to represent area features such as lakes, ponds, and rivers; lines are used to represent linear features such as streams and smaller rivers; and points are used to represent point features such as streamgages and dams. Lines also are used to show the water flow through area features such as the flow of water through a lake. The combination of lines is used to create a network of water and transported material flow to allow users of the data to trace movement in downstream and upstream directions.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093054","usgsCitation":"Simley, J.D., and Carswell, W., 2009, The National Map - Hydrography: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3054, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093054.","productDescription":"4 p.","costCenters":[{"id":425,"text":"National Geospatial Technical Operations Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":12826,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3054/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118556,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3054.jpg"}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ac7e4b07f02db67b02f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Simley, Jeffrey D. jdsimley@usgs.gov","contributorId":4582,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Simley","given":"Jeffrey","email":"jdsimley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302847,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Carswell, William J. Jr. carswell@usgs.gov","contributorId":1787,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Carswell","given":"William J.","suffix":"Jr.","email":"carswell@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":423,"text":"National Geospatial Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302846,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
,{"id":97680,"text":"ofr20091128 - 2009 - Reconnaissance of Organic Wastewater Compounds at a Concentrated Swine Feeding Operation in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:30","indexId":"ofr20091128","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1128","title":"Reconnaissance of Organic Wastewater Compounds at a Concentrated Swine Feeding Operation in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, 2008","docAbstract":"Water-quality and hydrologic data were collected during 2008 to examine the occurrence of organic wastewater compounds at a concentrated swine feeding operation located in the North Carolina Coastal Plain. Continuous groundwater level and stream-stage data were collected at one monitoring well and one stream site, respectively, throughout 2008. One round of environmental and quality-control samples was collected in September 2008 following a period of below-normal precipitation and when swine waste was not being applied to the spray fields. Samples were collected at one lagoon site, seven shallow groundwater sites, and one surface-water site for analysis of 111 organic wastewater compounds, including household, industrial, and agricultural-use compounds, sterols, pharmaceutical compounds, hormones, and antibiotics.\r\n\r\nAnalytical data for environmental samples collected during the study provide preliminary information on the occurrence of organic wastewater compounds in the lagoon-waste source material, groundwater beneath fields that receive spray applications of the lagoon wastes, and surface water in the tributary adjacent to the site. Overall, 28 organic wastewater compounds were detected in the collected samples, including 11 household, industrial, and agricultural-use compounds; 3 sterols; 2 pharmaceutical compounds; 5 hormones; and 7 antibiotics. The lagoon sample had the greatest number (20) and highest concentrations of compounds compared to groundwater and surface-water samples. The antibiotic lincomycin had the maximum detected concentration (393 micrograms per liter) in the lagoon sample. Of the 11 compounds identified in the groundwater and surface-water samples, all with reported concentrations less than 1 microgram per liter, only lincomycin identified in groundwater at 1 well and 3-methyl-1H-indole and indole identified in surface water at 1 site also were identified in the lagoon waste material.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091128","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the North Carolina Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Division of Water Quality, Aquifer Protection Section","usgsCitation":"Harden, S.L., 2009, Reconnaissance of Organic Wastewater Compounds at a Concentrated Swine Feeding Operation in the North Carolina Coastal Plain, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1128, iv, 14 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091128.","productDescription":"iv, 14 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125467,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1128.jpg"},{"id":12832,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1128/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -78.5,35 ], [ -78.5,36 ], [ -77,36 ], [ -77,35 ], [ -78.5,35 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a6ce4b07f02db63e83b","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Harden, Stephen L. 0000-0001-6886-0099 slharden@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6886-0099","contributorId":2212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Harden","given":"Stephen","email":"slharden@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":476,"text":"North Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}}
,{"id":97668,"text":"ofr20081372 - 2009 - Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2002-November 30, 2003","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-10-04T18:30:17.558786","indexId":"ofr20081372","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-1372","title":"Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2002-November 30, 2003","docAbstract":"<p>A Decree of the Supreme Court of the United States, entered in 1954, established the position of Delaware River Master within the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS). In addition, the Decree authorizes diversions of water from the Delaware River Basin and requires compensating releases from certain reservoirs, owned by New York City, to be made under the supervision and direction of the River Master. The Decree stipulates that the River Master will furnish reports to the Court, not less frequently than annually. This report is the 50th Annual Report of the River Master of the Delaware River. It covers the 2003 River Master report year; that is, the period from December 1, 2002 to November 30, 2003.</p><p>During the report year, precipitation in the upper Delaware River Basin was 13.40 inches (131 percent) greater than the long-term average. Combined storage in Pepacton, Cannonsville, and Neversink Reservoirs was above the long-term median on December 1, 2002. Reservoir storage increased rapidly in mid-March 2003 and all the reservoirs filled and spilled. The reservoirs remained nearly full for the remainder of the report year. Delaware River operations throughout the report year were conducted as stipulated by the Decree.</p><p>Diversions from the Delaware River Basin by New York City and New Jersey were in compliance with the Decree. Reservoir releases were made as directed by the River Master at rates designed to meet the flow objective for the Delaware River at Montague, New Jersey, on 10 days during the report year. Releases were made at experimental conservation rates—or rates designed to relieve thermal stress and protect the fishery and aquatic habitat in the tailwaters of the reservoirs—on all other days.</p><p>During the report year, New York City and New Jersey complied fully with the terms of the Decree, and directives and requests of the River Master.</p><p>As part of a long-term program, the quality of water in the Delaware Estuary between Trenton, New Jersey, and Reedy Island Jetty, Delaware, was monitored at various locations. Data on water temperature, specific conductance, dissolved oxygen, and pH were collected continuously by electronic instruments at four sites. In addition, selected water-quality data were collected at 3 sites on a monthly basis and at 19 sites on a semi-monthly basis.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20081372","usgsCitation":"Krejmas, B.E., Paulachok, G.N., and Blanchard, S.F., 2009, Report of the River Master of the Delaware River for the period December 1, 2002-November 30, 2003: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2008-1372, vi, 67 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20081372.","productDescription":"vi, 67 p.","temporalStart":"2002-12-01","temporalEnd":"2003-11-30","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":407866,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86831.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12820,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2008/1372/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":118538,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2008_1372.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"New Jersey, New York, Pennsylvania","otherGeospatial":"Delaware River","geographicExtents":"{\n  \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n  \"features\": [\n    {\n      \"type\": \"Feature\",\n      \"properties\": {},\n      \"geometry\": {\n        \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n        \"coordinates\": [\n          [\n            [\n              -76.0833,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6833,\n              40\n            ],\n            [\n              -74.6833,\n              42.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0833,\n              42.4\n            ],\n            [\n              -76.0833,\n              40\n            ]\n          ]\n        ]\n      }\n    }\n  ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a5ee4b07f02db633c14","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Krejmas, Bruce E.","contributorId":102501,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krejmas","given":"Bruce","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302830,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Paulachok, Gary N. gnpaulac@usgs.gov","contributorId":3500,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Paulachok","given":"Gary","email":"gnpaulac@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[],"preferred":true,"id":302828,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Blanchard, Stephen F.","contributorId":54966,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Blanchard","given":"Stephen","email":"","middleInitial":"F.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302829,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}}
,{"id":97673,"text":"fs20093044 - 2009 - Framework for a U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic climate-response program in Maine","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-05-30T10:44:44","indexId":"fs20093044","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3044","title":"Framework for a U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic climate-response program in Maine","docAbstract":"<p>It is important to monitor hydrologic systems in the United States that could change dramatically over the short term as a result of climate change. Many ecological effects of climate change can be understood only if hydrologic data networks are in place. Because of its humid, temperate climate and its substantial annual snowpack, Maine’s seasonal water cycle is sensitive to air temperature changes (Hodgkins and others, 2003). Monitoring of relevant hydrologic data would provide important baseline information against which future climate change can be measured.</p><p>A series of recent investigations by the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) has documented changes in several components of the water cycle, including earlier snowmelt runoff in Maine during the last 30 to 40 years (Hodgkins and others, 2003), earlier lake- and river-ice breakups (Hodgkins and others, 2002; Hodgkins and others, 2005), and a denser and thinner late-winter snowpack (Hodgkins and Dudley, 2006). Snowmelt runoff timing was measured as the date, each year, by which half of the total winter-spring streamflow passed a streamflow-gaging station. Historical snowmelt runoff timing for the Piscataquis River in central Maine is shown in figure 1 as an example.</p><p>Results of climate projections input to hydrologic models indicate that hydrologic trends, such as earlier spring snowmelt runoff, are expected to continue into the future (Hayhoe and others, 2007). These trends could affect species at the southern edge of their range in Maine, such as Atlantic salmon and Canada lynx, and may also affect availability of water for human use. This fact sheet describes the framework of a hydrologic climate-response program that would improve understanding of the effects of future climate change in Maine.</p>","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093044","usgsCitation":"Hodgkins, G.A., Lent, R.M., Dudley, R.W., and Schalk, C.W., 2009, Framework for a U.S. Geological Survey hydrologic climate-response program in Maine: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3044, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093044.","productDescription":"2 p.","costCenters":[{"id":371,"text":"Maine Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125403,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3044.jpg"},{"id":12825,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index 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,{"id":97675,"text":"sim3073 - 2009 - Geologic Map of the Round Spring Quadrangle, Shannon County, Missouri","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:47","indexId":"sim3073","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-14T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":333,"text":"Scientific Investigations Map","code":"SIM","onlineIssn":"2329-132X","printIssn":"2329-1311","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"3073","title":"Geologic Map of the Round Spring Quadrangle, Shannon County, Missouri","docAbstract":"The Round Spring 7.5-minute quadrangle is located in Shannon County, south-central Missouri on the Salem Plateau of the Ozark Plateaus physiographic province. As much as 1,350 feet (ft) of flat-lying to gently dipping Upper Cambrian and Lower Ordovician rocks, mostly dolomite, overlie Mesoproterozoic volcanic rocks. The bedrock is overlain by unconsolidated residuum, colluvium, terrace deposits, and alluvium. Karst features, such as small sinkholes and caves, have formed in the carbonate rocks, and many streams are spring fed. The topography is a dissected karst plain with elevation ranging from 650 ft along the Current River on the eastern edge of the quadrangle to almost 1,200 ft at various places on the ridge tops. The area is mostly forested but contains some farmlands and includes sections of the Ozark National Scenic Riverways of the National Park Service along the Current River. Geologic mapping for this investigation began in the spring of 2001 and was completed in the spring of 2002.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sim3073","isbn":"9781411324374","usgsCitation":"Orndorff, R.C., and Weary, D.J., 2009, Geologic Map of the Round Spring Quadrangle, Shannon County, Missouri: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Map 3073, Sheet: 44 x 32 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/sim3073.","productDescription":"Sheet: 44 x 32 inches","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":246703,"rank":700,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_87495.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"},"description":"87495"},{"id":125536,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sim_3073.jpg"},{"id":12827,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sim/3073/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"scale":"24000","projection":"Polyconic","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -91.5,37.25 ], [ -91.5,37.3675 ], [ -91.36749999999999,37.3675 ], [ -91.36749999999999,37.25 ], [ -91.5,37.25 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1ae4b07f02db6a8467","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Orndorff, Randall C. 0000-0002-8956-5803 rorndorf@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8956-5803","contributorId":2739,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Orndorff","given":"Randall","email":"rorndorf@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":501,"text":"Office of Science Quality and Integrity","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302849,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Weary, David J. 0000-0002-6115-6397 dweary@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6115-6397","contributorId":545,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weary","given":"David","email":"dweary@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":40020,"text":"Florence Bascom Geoscience Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":243,"text":"Eastern Geology and Paleoclimate Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302848,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}}
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