This presentation covers three general topics: (1) description of a new geologic compilation of the United States that shows the location of magnesium-rich ultramafic rocks in the conterminous United States; (2) conceptual illustration of the potential ways that ultramafic rocks could be used to sequester carbon dioxide; and (3) description of ways to use geophysical data to refine and extend the geologic mapping of ultramafic rocks and to better characterize their mineralogy.
The geophysical focus of this research is twofold. First, we illustrate how airborne magnetic data can be used to map the shallow subsurface geometry of ultramafic rocks for the purpose of estimating the volume of rock material available for mineral CO2 sequestration. Secondly, we explore, on a regional to outcrop scale, how magnetic mineralogy, as expressed in magnetic anomalies, may vary with magnesium minerals, which are the primary minerals of interest for CO2 sequestration.
","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091127","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Earth Institute of Columbia University, New York City","usgsCitation":"McCafferty, A.E., Van Gosen, B.S., Krevor, S.C., and Graves, C.R., 2009, Geophysical delineation of Mg-rich ultramafic rocks for mineral carbon sequestration: U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1127, 24 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091127.","productDescription":"24 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","temporalStart":"2009-02-01","temporalEnd":"2009-02-28","costCenters":[{"id":212,"text":"Crustal Imaging and Characterization","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":126860,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1127.jpg"},{"id":12798,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1127/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":353950,"rank":3,"type":{"id":11,"text":"Document"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1127/pdf/OF09-1127.pdf","text":"Report","size":"39.2 MB","linkFileType":{"id":1,"text":"pdf"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b1be4b07f02db6a8bb0","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McCafferty, Anne E. 0000-0001-5574-9201 anne@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5574-9201","contributorId":1120,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McCafferty","given":"Anne","email":"anne@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[{"id":35995,"text":"Geology, Geophysics, and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":211,"text":"Crustal Geophysics and Geochemistry Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302759,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Van Gosen, Bradley S. 0000-0003-4214-3811 bvangose@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4214-3811","contributorId":1174,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Van Gosen","given":"Bradley","email":"bvangose@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":387,"text":"Mineral Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":171,"text":"Central Mineral and Environmental Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302761,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Krevor, Sam C.","contributorId":62705,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Krevor","given":"Sam","email":"","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302762,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Graves, Chris R.","contributorId":19653,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Graves","given":"Chris","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302760,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97648,"text":"sir20095093 - 2009 - Quality characteristics of ground water in the Ozark aquifer of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006-07","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-09-14T20:29:10.15813","indexId":"sir20095093","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-02T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5093","title":"Quality characteristics of ground water in the Ozark aquifer of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006-07","docAbstract":"Because of water quantity and quality concerns within the Ozark aquifer, the State of Kansas in 2004 issued a moratorium on most new appropriations from the aquifer until results were made available from a cooperative study between the U.S. Geological Survey and the Kansas Water Office. The purposes of the study were to develop a regional ground-water flow model and a water-quality assessment of the Ozark aquifer in northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri, and northeastern Oklahoma (study area). In 2006 and 2007, water-quality samples were collected from 40 water-supply wells completed in the Ozark aquifer and spatially distributed throughout the study area. Samples were analyzed for physical properties, dissolved solids and major ions, nutrients, trace elements, and selected isotopes. This report presents the results of the water-quality assessment part of the cooperative study.\r\n\r\nWater-quality characteristics were evaluated relative to U.S. Environmental Protection Agency drinking-water standards. Secondary Drinking-Water Regulations were exceeded for dissolved solids (11 wells), sulfate and chloride (2 wells each), fluoride (3 wells), iron (4 wells), and manganese (2 wells). Maximum Contaminant Levels were exceeded for turbidity (3 wells) and fluoride (1 well). The Maximum Contaminant Level Goal for lead (0 milligrams per liter) was exceeded in water from 12 wells.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of isotopes in water from wells along two 60-mile long ground-water flow paths indicated that water in the Ozark aquifer was at least 60 years old but the upper age limit is uncertain. The source of recharge water for the wells along the flow paths appeared to be of meteoric origin because of isotopic similarity to the established Global Meteoric Water Line and a global precipitation relation. Additionally, analysis of hydrogen-3 (3H) and carbon-14 (14C) indicated that there was possible leakage of younger ground water into the lower part of the Ozark aquifer. This may be caused by cracks or fissures in the confining unit that separates the upper and lower parts of the aquifer, poorly constructed or abandoned wells, or historic mining activities.\r\n\r\nAnalyses of major ions in water from wells along the flow paths indicated a transition from freshwater in the east to saline water in the west. Generally, ground water along flow paths evolved from a calcium magnesium bicarbonate type to a sodium calcium bicarbonate or a sodium calcium chloride bicarbonate type as water moved from recharge areas in Missouri into Kansas. Much of this evolution occurred within the last 20 to 25 miles of the flow paths along a water-quality transition zone near the Kansas-Missouri State line and west. The water quality of the Kansas part of the Ozark aquifer is degraded compared to the Missouri part.\r\n\r\nGeophysical and well-bore flow information and depth-dependent water-quality samples were collected from a large-capacity (1,900-2,300 gallons per minute) municipal-supply well to evaluate vertical ground-water flow accretion and variability in water-quality characteristics at different levels. Although the 1,050-foot deep supply well had 500 feet of borehole open to the Ozark aquifer, 77 percent of ground-water flow entering the borehole came from two 20-foot thick rock layers above the 1,000-foot level. For the most part, water-quality characteristics changed little from the deepest sample to the well-head sample, and upwelling of saline water from deeper geologic formations below the well was not evident. However, more saline water may be present below the bottom of the well.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095093","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Kansas Water Office","usgsCitation":"Pope, L.M., Mehl, H.E., and Coiner, R., 2009, Quality characteristics of ground water in the Ozark aquifer of northwestern Arkansas, southeastern Kansas, southwestern Missouri and northeastern Oklahoma, 2006-07: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5093, viii, 61 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095093.","productDescription":"viii, 61 p.","temporalStart":"2006-01-01","temporalEnd":"2007-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":353,"text":"Kansas Water Science Center","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":420806,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86780.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12797,"rank":2,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5093/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":125595,"rank":1,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2009_5093.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"Arkansas, Kansas, Missouri, Oklahoma","otherGeospatial":"Ozark aquifer","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -95.6667,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -95.6667,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -93.5833,\n 36\n ],\n [\n -93.5833,\n 38\n ],\n [\n -95.6667,\n 38\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a8fe4b07f02db65570a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Pope, L. M.","contributorId":71939,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Pope","given":"L.","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302758,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Mehl, H. E.","contributorId":13941,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mehl","given":"H.","email":"","middleInitial":"E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302756,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Coiner, R.L.","contributorId":64212,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Coiner","given":"R.L.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302757,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70147900,"text":"70147900 - 2009 - Habitat use by female mallards in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-11-27T13:02:18","indexId":"70147900","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T14:15:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2508,"text":"Journal of Wildlife Management","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Habitat use by female mallards in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley","docAbstract":"Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos) populations in the lower Mississippi Alluvial Valley (LMAV), USA, historically averaged 1.6 million and represented the largest concentrations of wintering mallards in North America. Effective management of this wintering population requires current information on use of habitats. Accordingly, we employed radiotelemetry techniques to assess proportional use of habitats by female mallards during winters 2004-2005 and 2005-2006. We divided winters into 4 time periods defined by hunting seasons (FIRST, SPLIT, SECOND, and POST) and recorded diurnal and nocturnal locations. We examined variations in proportional use of habitats and use of areas closed to hunting due to effects of age (immature or ad), winter (2004-2005 or 2005-2006), time period (SECOND or POST), individual female, and all potential interactions of these effects, using locations recorded during the latter 2 time periods. We found that diurnal and nocturnal proportional use of habitats varied inconsistently among time periods and winters. Mean proportional use of forested wetlands ranged from 0.475 to 0.816 and from 0.428 to 0.764 during diurnal and nocturnal sampling periods, respectively. Diurnal proportional use of areas closed to hunting varied inconsistently among time periods and winters. Mean proportional use of areas closed to hunting ranged from 0.183 to 0.423 during diurnal sampling periods. Nocturnal use of areas closed to hunting varied inconsistently among female ages and time periods and among female ages and winters. Mean proportional use of areas closed to hunting ranged from 0.211 to 0.445 during nocturnal sampling periods. Our research suggests that forested wetlands in the LMAV provide important wintering habitats for female mallards; continued restoration and establishment of these habitats should benefit female mallards.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Society","publisherLocation":"Washington, D.C.","doi":"10.2193/2008-118","collaboration":"Louisiana Department of Wildlife and Fisheries; Ducks Unlimited, Inc.; United States Fish and Wildlife Service; United States Geological Survey (USGS); Northern Prairie Wildlife Research Center","usgsCitation":"Davis, B., Afton, A.D., and Cox, R.R., 2009, Habitat use by female mallards in the lower Mississippi alluvial valley: Journal of Wildlife Management, v. 73, no. 5, p. 701-709, https://doi.org/10.2193/2008-118.","productDescription":"9 p.","startPage":"701","endPage":"709","numberOfPages":"9","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-020084","costCenters":[{"id":198,"text":"Coop Res Unit Atlanta","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":300308,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"73","issue":"5","publishingServiceCenter":{"id":8,"text":"Raleigh PSC"},"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2010-12-13","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"5551d2b5e4b0a92fa7e93beb","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Davis, Bruce E.","contributorId":11050,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Davis","given":"Bruce E.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546716,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Afton, Alan D. 0000-0002-0436-8588 aafton@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0436-8588","contributorId":139582,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Afton","given":"Alan","email":"aafton@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"D.","affiliations":[{"id":368,"text":"Louisiana Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":546356,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Cox, Robert R. Jr.","contributorId":6575,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cox","given":"Robert","suffix":"Jr.","email":"","middleInitial":"R.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":546717,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70148182,"text":"70148182 - 2009 - Multi-state succession in wetlands: a novel use of state and transition models","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-07-08T15:26:01","indexId":"70148182","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T11:45:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1465,"text":"Ecology","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Multi-state succession in wetlands: a novel use of state and transition models","docAbstract":"The complexity of ecosystems and mechanisms of succession are often simplified by linear and mathematical models used to understand and predict system behavior. Such models often do not incorporate multivariate, nonlinear feedbacks in pattern and process that include multiple scales of organization inherent within real-world systems. Wetlands are ecosystems with unique, nonlinear patterns of succession due to the regular, but often inconstant, presence of water on the landscape. We develop a general, nonspatial state and transition (S and T) succession conceptual model for wetlands and apply the general framework by creating annotated succession/management models and hypotheses for use in impact analysis on a portion of an imperiled wetland. The S and T models for our study area, Water Conservation Area 3A South (WCA3), Florida, USA, included hydrologic and peat depth values from multivariate analyses and classification and regression trees. We used the freeware Vegetation Dynamics Development Tool as an exploratory application to evaluate our S and T models with different management actions (equal chance [a control condition], deeper conditions, dry conditions, and increased hydrologic range) for three communities: slough, sawgrass (Cladium jamaicense), and wet prairie. Deeper conditions and increased hydrologic range behaved similarly, with the transition of community states to deeper states, particularly for sawgrass and slough. Hydrology is the primary mechanism for multi-state transitions within our study period, and we show both an immediate and lagged effect on vegetation, depending on community state. We consider these S and T succession models as a fraction of the framework for the Everglades. They are hypotheses for use in adaptive management, represent the community response to hydrology, and illustrate which aspects of hydrologic variability are important to community structure. We intend for these models to act as a foundation for further restoration management and experimentation which will refine transition and threshold concepts.
\nWest Virginia's crayfishes have received moderate attention since publication of Jezerinac et al.'s (1995) monograph of the state fauna. Survey efforts were initiated over the summers of 2006 and 2007 to gather voucher material for the Indiana Biological Survey's Crustacean Collection. These collections have provided new information regarding the distribution, natural history, life history, taxonomy, and conservation status of Cambarus (Cambarus) carinirostris, C. (C.) bartonii cavatus, C. (C.) sciotensis, C. (Hiaticambarus) chasmodactylus, C. (H.) elkensis, C. (H.) longulus, C. (Jugicambarus) dubius, C. (Puncticambarus) robustus, Orconectes (Procericambarus) cristavarius, and O. (P.) rusticus. Orconectes (Faxonius) limosus has apparently been extirpated from West Virginia and should be removed from the state's list of extant crayfishes.
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swelsh@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0362-054X","contributorId":1483,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Welsh","given":"Stuart","email":"swelsh@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"A.","affiliations":[{"id":205,"text":"Cooperative Research Units","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":567787,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":97646,"text":"fs20093037 - 2009 - Assessment of Undiscovered Petroleum Resources of the Barents Sea Shelf","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:53","indexId":"fs20093037","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3037","title":"Assessment of Undiscovered Petroleum Resources of the Barents Sea Shelf","docAbstract":"Four geologic provinces of the Barents Sea shelf were assessed for undiscovered crude oil, natural gas, and natural gas liquid or condensate resources as part of the U.S. Geological Survey's Circum-Arctic Oil and Gas Resource Appraisal. Using a geology-based methodology, the mean undiscovered, conventional, technically recoverable petroleum resources in the Barents Sea Shelf are estimated to be more than 76 billion barrels of oil equivalent, which includes approximately 11 billion barrels of crude oil, 380 trillion cubic feet of natural gas, and 2 billion barrels of natural gas liquids.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093037","usgsCitation":"Klett, T., and Gautier, D.L., 2009, Assessment of Undiscovered Petroleum Resources of the Barents Sea Shelf: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3037, 4 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093037.","productDescription":"4 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":255,"text":"Energy Resources Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118540,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3037.jpg"},{"id":12795,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3037/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -10,65 ], [ -10,85 ], [ 90,85 ], [ 90,65 ], [ -10,65 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abbe4b07f02db6728ab","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Klett, Timothy R. 0000-0001-9779-1168 tklett@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9779-1168","contributorId":709,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Klett","given":"Timothy R.","email":"tklett@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302751,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Gautier, Donald L. gautier@usgs.gov","contributorId":1310,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gautier","given":"Donald","email":"gautier@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"L.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302752,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":70036741,"text":"70036741 - 2009 - Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus genogroup-specific virulence mechanisms in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), from Redfish Lake, Idaho","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2016-12-28T13:59:45","indexId":"70036741","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2286,"text":"Journal of Fish Diseases","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus genogroup-specific virulence mechanisms in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), from Redfish Lake, Idaho","docAbstract":"Characterization of infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus (IHNV) field isolates from North America has established three main genogroups (U, M and L) that differ in host-specific virulence. In sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka, the U genogroup is highly virulent, whereas the M genogroup is nearly non-pathogenic. In this study, we sought to characterize the virus-host dynamics that contribute to genogroup-specific virulence in a captive stock of sockeye salmon from Redfish Lake in Idaho. Juvenile sockeye salmon were challenged by immersion and injection with either a representative U or M viral strain and sampled periodically until 14 days post-infection (p.i.). Fish challenged with each strain had positive viral titre by day 3, regardless of challenge route, but the fish exposed to the M genogroup virus had significantly lower virus titres than fish exposed to the U genogroup virus. Gene expression analysis by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR was used to simultaneously assess viral load and host interferon (IFN) response in the anterior kidney. Viral load was significantly higher in the U-challenged fish relative to M-challenged fish. Both viruses induced expression of the IFN-stimulated genes (ISGs), but expression was usually significantly lower in the M-challenged group, particularly at later time points (7 and 14 days p.i.). However, ISG expression was comparable with 3 days post-immersion challenge despite a significant difference in viral load. Our data indicated that the M genogroup virus entered the host, replicated and spread in the sockeye salmon tissues, but to a lesser extent than the U genogroup. Both virus types induced a host IFN response, but the high virulence strain (U) continued to replicate in the presence of this response, whereas the low virulence strain (M) was cleared below detectable levels. We hypothesize that high virulence is associated with early in vivo replication allowing the virus to achieve a threshold level, which the host innate immune system cannot control. ?? 2009 Blackwell Publishing Ltd.","language":"English","publisher":"Wiley","doi":"10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01045.x","issn":"01407775","usgsCitation":"Purcell, M.K., Garver, K., Conway, C., Elliott, D., and Kurath, G., 2009, Infectious haematopoietic necrosis virus genogroup-specific virulence mechanisms in sockeye salmon, Oncorhynchus nerka (Walbaum), from Redfish Lake, Idaho: Journal of Fish Diseases, v. 32, no. 7, p. 619-631, https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2761.2009.01045.x.","productDescription":"13 p. ","startPage":"619","endPage":"631","costCenters":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":245638,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"32","issue":"7","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationDate":"2009-06-16","publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"505a3ad2e4b0c8380cd61fde","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Purcell, M. K.","contributorId":78464,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Purcell","given":"M.","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457600,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Garver, K.A.","contributorId":42766,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Garver","given":"K.A.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457598,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Conway, C.","contributorId":82163,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conway","given":"C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457601,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Elliott, D.G.","contributorId":58226,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Elliott","given":"D.G.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":457599,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Kurath, Gael 0000-0003-3294-560X gkurath@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3294-560X","contributorId":100522,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Kurath","given":"Gael","email":"gkurath@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":654,"text":"Western Fisheries Research Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":457602,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5}]}} ,{"id":97645,"text":"ofr20091117 - 2009 - Gravity and Magnetic Investigations of the Mojave National Preserve and Adjacent Areas, California and Nevada","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:45","indexId":"ofr20091117","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1117","title":"Gravity and Magnetic Investigations of the Mojave National Preserve and Adjacent Areas, California and Nevada","docAbstract":"Gravity and aeromagnetic data provide the underpinnings of a hydrogeologic framework for the Mojave National Preserve by estimating the thickness of Cenozoic deposits and locating inferred structural features that influence groundwater flow. An inversion of gravity data indicates that thin (<1 km) basin deposits cover much of the Preserve, except for Ivanpah Valley and the Woods Mountains volcanic center. Localized areas of Cenozoic deposits thicker than 500 m are predicted beneath parts of Lanfair Valley, Fenner Valley, near Kelso, Soda Lake, and southeast of Baker. Along the southern margin of the Mojave National Preserve, basins greater than 1 km deep are located between the Clipper and Marble Mountains, between the Marble and Bristol Mountains, and south of the Bristol Mountains near Amboy. Both density and magnetization boundaries defined by horizontal-gradient analyses coincide locally with Cenozoic faults and can be used to extend these faults beneath cover. Magnetization boundaries also highlight the structural grain within the crystalline rocks and may serve as a proxy for fracturing, an important source of permeability within the generally impermeable basement rocks, thus mapping potential groundwater pathways through and along the mountain ranges in the study area.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091117","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with National Park Service","usgsCitation":"Langenheim, V., Biehler, S., Negrini, R., Mickus, K., Miller, D., and Miller, R.J., 2009, Gravity and Magnetic Investigations of the Mojave National Preserve and Adjacent Areas, California and Nevada (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1117, Report: iii, 25 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; Rock Properties, https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091117.","productDescription":"Report: iii, 25 p.; ReadMe; Metadata; Data; Rock Properties","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":314,"text":"Geophysics Unit of Menlo Park, CA (GUMP)","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118502,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/ofr_2009_1117.jpg"},{"id":12794,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1117/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -116.5,34.5 ], [ -116.5,35.75 ], [ -114.75,35.75 ], [ -114.75,34.5 ], [ -116.5,34.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4abae4b07f02db6722d7","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Langenheim, V.E. 0000-0003-2170-5213","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2170-5213","contributorId":54956,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Langenheim","given":"V.E.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":302748,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Biehler, S.","contributorId":57560,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Biehler","given":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302749,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Negrini, R.","contributorId":26390,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Negrini","given":"R.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302747,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Mickus, K.","contributorId":24457,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Mickus","given":"K.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302746,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4},{"text":"Miller, D. M. 0000-0003-3711-0441","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3711-0441","contributorId":104422,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"D. M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302750,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":5},{"text":"Miller, R. J.","contributorId":9225,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Miller","given":"R.","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302745,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":6}]}} ,{"id":97647,"text":"sir20085225 - 2009 - Gas, Oil, and Water Production in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-10T00:11:48","indexId":"sir20085225","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5225","title":"Gas, Oil, and Water Production in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming","docAbstract":"Gas, oil, and water production data were collected from the Fuller Reservoir, Cooper Reservoir, Frenchie Draw, Cave Gulch, and Madden fields in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming. These fields produce from the Mississippian Madison Limestone, the Upper Cretaceous Cody Shale and Mesaverde Formation, and the Paleocene lower unnamed member and Shotgun Member of the Fort Union Formation.\r\n\r\nDiagrams of water and gas production from tight gas accumulations in three formations in the Madden field show that (1) water production either increased or decreased with time in all three formations, (2) increases and decreases in water production were greater in the Cody Shale than in either the Mesaverde Formation or the lower unnamed member of the Fort Union Formation, (3) the gas production rate declined more slowly in the lower part of the Fort Union Formation than in the Cody Shale or the Mesaverde Formation, (4) changes in gas and water production were not related to their initial production rates, and (5) there appears to be no relation between well location and the magnitudes or trends of gas and water production. \r\n\r\nTo explain the apparent independence of gas and water production in the Cody Shale and Mesaverde Formation, a two-step scenario is proposed: gas was generated and emplaced under the compressive stress regime resulting from Laramide tectonism; then, fractures formed during a subsequent period of stress relaxation and extension. Gas is produced from the pore and fracture system near the wellbore, whereas water is produced from a larger scale system of extension fractures. The distribution of gas and water in the lower Fort Union resulted from a similar scenario, but continued generation of gas during post-Laramide extension may have allowed its more widespread distribution.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20085225","usgsCitation":"Nelson, P.H., Trainor, P.K., and Finn, T.M., 2009, Gas, Oil, and Water Production in the Wind River Basin, Wyoming: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2008-5225, Report: vi, 24 p.; 8 Plates, https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20085225.","productDescription":"Report: vi, 24 p.; 8 Plates","onlineOnly":"Y","additionalOnlineFiles":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":118620,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/sir_2008_5225.jpg"},{"id":12796,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2008/5225/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -110.5,42 ], [ -110.5,44 ], [ -106,44 ], [ -106,42 ], [ -110.5,42 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b28e4b07f02db6b1319","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Nelson, Philip H. pnelson@usgs.gov","contributorId":862,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nelson","given":"Philip","email":"pnelson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302754,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Trainor, Patrick K.","contributorId":34220,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Trainor","given":"Patrick","email":"","middleInitial":"K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302755,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Finn, Thomas M. 0000-0001-6396-9351 finn@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6396-9351","contributorId":778,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Finn","given":"Thomas","email":"finn@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":164,"text":"Central Energy Resources Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302753,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3}]}} ,{"id":70042161,"text":"70042161 - 2009 - National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2023-10-13T17:01:40.852695","indexId":"70042161","displayToPublicDate":"2009-07-01T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":3769,"text":"Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Wildlife Disease Association","publisherLocation":"Lawrence, KS","usgsCitation":"Ballmann, A., Schuler, K., Bradsby, J., and Hoeh, J., 2009, National Wildlife Health Center's quarterly wildlife mortality report: Wildlife Disease Association Newsletter, no. July 2009, p. 6-12.","productDescription":"7 p.","startPage":"6","endPage":"12","costCenters":[{"id":456,"text":"National Wildlife Health Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":264852,"rank":2,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.er.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"},{"id":264851,"rank":1,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://www.wildlifedisease.org/PersonifyEbusiness/Resources/Publications/Newsletter/Archive","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"issue":"July 2009","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"50e08cc1e4b0fec3206ee29f","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Ballmann, Anne 0000-0002-0380-056X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0380-056X","contributorId":104631,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Ballmann","given":"Anne","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470871,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Schuler, Krysten","contributorId":53735,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Schuler","given":"Krysten","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470870,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Bradsby, Jennifer","contributorId":33664,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradsby","given":"Jennifer","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470869,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hoeh, Julia","contributorId":8353,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hoeh","given":"Julia","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":470868,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70208394,"text":"70208394 - 2009 - Foreword to the issue on remote sensing of regional land use and land cover","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-02-20T10:14:28","indexId":"70208394","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T15:56:38","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1942,"text":"IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Foreword to the issue on remote sensing of regional land use and land cover","docAbstract":"This issue showcases some good work from Chinese authors who attended the International Workshop of Earth Observation and Remote Sensing Applications (EORSA), held in Beijing, China, June 30-July 2, 2008. The five articles in this issue focus on remote sensing of regional land use and land cover.
","language":"English","publisher":"IEEE","doi":"10.1109/JSTARS.2009.2029615","usgsCitation":"Weng, Q., Zhang, J., Gamba, P., and Xian, G.Z., 2009, Foreword to the issue on remote sensing of regional land use and land cover: IEEE Journal of Selected Topics in Applied Earth Observations and Remote Sensing, v. 2, no. 2, p. 50-53, https://doi.org/10.1109/JSTARS.2009.2029615.","productDescription":"4 p.","startPage":"50","endPage":"53","costCenters":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":372129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"2","issue":"2","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Weng, Qihao","contributorId":112678,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Weng","given":"Qihao","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781708,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Zhang, Jixian","contributorId":169427,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Zhang","given":"Jixian","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781709,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Gamba, P.","contributorId":72281,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Gamba","given":"P.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":781710,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Xian, George Z. 0000-0001-5674-2204 xian@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5674-2204","contributorId":2263,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Xian","given":"George","email":"xian@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"Z.","affiliations":[{"id":222,"text":"Earth Resources Observation and Science (EROS) Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":781711,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":70216765,"text":"70216765 - 2009 - Industrial diamond","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2020-12-04T20:02:31.999881","indexId":"70216765","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T14:01:08","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":2755,"text":"Mining Engineering","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Industrial diamond","docAbstract":"No abstract available.
","language":"English","publisher":"Society for Mining, Metallurgy, and Exploration","usgsCitation":"Olson, D.W., 2009, Industrial diamond: Mining Engineering, v. 61, no. 6, 1 p.","productDescription":"1 p.","costCenters":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":380990,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"volume":"61","issue":"6","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Olson, Donald W. dolson@usgs.gov","contributorId":526,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Olson","given":"Donald","email":"dolson@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"W.","affiliations":[{"id":432,"text":"National Minerals Information Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":806131,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70221496,"text":"70221496 - 2009 - Biostratigraphy of selected K/T boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota, USA: Toward a refinement of palynological identification criteria","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-06-21T11:43:24.754854","indexId":"70221496","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T13:42:44","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":2,"text":"Article"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":10,"text":"Journal Article"},"seriesTitle":{"id":1344,"text":"Cretaceous Research","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":10}},"title":"Biostratigraphy of selected K/T boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota, USA: Toward a refinement of palynological identification criteria","docAbstract":"The Cretaceous/Tertiary (K/T) boundary corresponds to one of the very few unique events in the geological record discovered to date, representing a single traceable timeline across the world. This timeline, coincident with the geochemical and mineralogical singularities caused by the impact of a large extraterrestrial body, is also coincident with the end-Cretaceous extinction event in North America. This precise timeline gives an ideal context for comparing the trends recorded by the different groups of the terrestrial fossil record during the K/T extinction event. However, in southwestern North Dakota, numerous studies conducted on excellent exposures of the K/T boundary showed that the geochemical and mineralogical criteria associated with the impact are rarely preserved. For that reason, palynology is preferred as a simple and efficient way for identifying the K/T boundary. In this context, a previously undescribed outcrop section from southwestern North Dakota was found to preserve an extensive record of the continental K/T boundary with miospores and plant megafossils, as well as microvertebrates and large vertebrate elements. Preliminary studies on the fossil associations recovered from this site showed an inconsistency between the Paleocene age given by the vertebrate and megafloral component and the Cretaceous age given by the palynological record. This issue is investigated in this paper, with a major emphasis on the description and analysis of the palynological record associated with sedimentological and paleoenvironmental data. Results shows that palynologically, the K/T boundary is placed more accurately using relative abundance variations of selected taxa.
","language":"English","publisher":"Elsevier","doi":"10.1016/j.cretres.2008.12.007","usgsCitation":"Bercovici, A., Pearson, D., Nichols, D.J., and Wood, J., 2009, Biostratigraphy of selected K/T boundary sections in southwestern North Dakota, USA: Toward a refinement of palynological identification criteria: Cretaceous Research, v. 30, no. 3, p. 632-658, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cretres.2008.12.007.","productDescription":"27 p.","startPage":"632","endPage":"658","costCenters":[],"links":[{"id":386586,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","state":"North Dakota","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 45.85941212790755\n ],\n [\n -100.1513671875,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 47.517200697839414\n ],\n [\n -103.974609375,\n 45.85941212790755\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","volume":"30","issue":"3","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bercovici, Antoine","contributorId":260401,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Bercovici","given":"Antoine","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817864,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Pearson, Dean","contributorId":260402,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Pearson","given":"Dean","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817865,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Nichols, Douglas J.","contributorId":87184,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Nichols","given":"Douglas","email":"","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817866,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Wood, Jacqueline","contributorId":260403,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Wood","given":"Jacqueline","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":817867,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97644,"text":"sir20095143 - 2009 - Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Tunk, Bonaparte, Antoine, and Tonasket Creek Subbasins, Okanogan River Basin, North-Central Washington, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-06-22T01:01:40","indexId":"sir20095143","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5143","title":"Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Tunk, Bonaparte, Antoine, and Tonasket Creek Subbasins, Okanogan River Basin, North-Central Washington, 2008","docAbstract":"An investigation into groundwater/surface-water interactions in four tributary subbasins of the Okanogan River determined that streamflows and shallow groundwater levels beneath the streams varied seasonally and by location. Streamflows measured in June 2008 indicated net losses of streamflow along 10 of 17 reaches, and hydraulic gradients measured between streams and shallow groundwater indicated potential recharge of surface water to groundwater at 11 of 21 measurement sites. In September 2008, net losses of streamflow were indicated along 9 of 17 reaches, and potential recharge of surface water to groundwater was indicated at 18 of 21 measurement sites. The greatest losses of streamflow occurred near the confluences with the Okanogan River, likely due to the presence of thick layers of unconsolidated deposits in the flood plain of the Okanogan River.\n\nBased on available geologic information compiled from drillers' logs, a surficial geologic map, and streamflow records, the extensive and thick deposits of unconsolidated material in the Tunk and Bonaparte Creek subbasins are factors in sustaining the almost perennial streamflow in those creeks. The less extensive and generally thinner unconsolidated deposits in the Tonasket and Antoine subbasins are contributing factors to the occasional extended periods of zero flow (a dry stream channel) in those creeks.\n\nEven though groundwater withdrawals would affect streamflows, relatively low precipitation in the area, along with limited groundwater storage capacity and the presence of permeable, unconsolidated deposits underlying the stream channels, would likely lead to loss of surface water to the groundwater system without any withdrawals.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/sir20095143","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the Okanogan Conservation District and the Washington State Department of Ecology","usgsCitation":"Sumioka, S.S., and Dinicola, R., 2009, Groundwater/surface-water interactions in the Tunk, Bonaparte, Antoine, and Tonasket Creek Subbasins, Okanogan River Basin, North-Central Washington, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5143, vi, 27 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095143.","productDescription":"vi, 27 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":622,"text":"Washington Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195350,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12793,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5143/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -120.25,48 ], [ -120.25,49 ], [ -118.83333333333333,49 ], [ -118.83333333333333,48 ], [ -120.25,48 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a61e4b07f02db635e84","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sumioka, S. S.","contributorId":20747,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sumioka","given":"S.","email":"","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302743,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dinicola, R.S.","contributorId":64290,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Dinicola","given":"R.S.","email":"","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302744,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97643,"text":"fs20093050 - 2009 - Availability of Groundwater Data for California, Water Year 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-08T17:16:31","indexId":"fs20093050","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3050","title":"Availability of Groundwater Data for California, Water Year 2008","docAbstract":"The U.S. Geological Survey, Water Resources, in cooperation with Federal, State, and local agencies, obtains a large amount of data pertaining to the groundwater resources of California each water year (October 1-September 30). These data constitute a valuable database for developing an improved understanding of the water resources of the State. \r\n\r\nThis Fact Sheet serves as an index to groundwater data for water year 2008. The 2-page report contains a map of California showing the number of wells (by county) with available water-level and water-quality data for water year 2008 (fig. 1) and instructions for obtaining this and other groundwater information contained in the databases of the U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center.\r\n\r\nFrom 1985 to 1993, data were published in the annual report 'Water Resources Data for California, Volume 5. Ground-Water Data'; prior to 1985, the data were published in U.S. Geological Survey Water-Supply Papers.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093050","usgsCitation":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey, 2009, Availability of Groundwater Data for California, Water Year 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3050, 2 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093050.","productDescription":"2 p.","temporalStart":"2007-10-01","temporalEnd":"2008-09-30","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":123313,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3050.jpg"},{"id":12792,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3050/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4aa9e4b07f02db667f9c","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","contributorId":128075,"corporation":true,"usgs":false,"organization":"Water Resources Division, U.S. Geological Survey","id":535016,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97642,"text":"pp1766 - 2009 - Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2017-10-19T14:10:36","indexId":"pp1766","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1766","title":"Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California","docAbstract":"California's Central Valley covers about 20,000 square miles and is one of the most productive agricultural regions in the world. More than 250 different crops are grown in the Central Valley with an estimated value of $17 billion per year. This irrigated agriculture relies heavily on surface-water diversions and groundwater pumpage. Approximately one-sixth of the Nation's irrigated land is in the Central Valley, and about one-fifth of the Nation's groundwater demand is supplied from its aquifers. \r\n\r\nThe Central Valley also is rapidly becoming an important area for California's expanding urban population. Since 1980, the population of the Central Valley has nearly doubled from 2 million to 3.8 million people. The Census Bureau projects that the Central Valley's population will increase to 6 million people by 2020. This surge in population has increased the competition for water resources within the Central Valley and statewide, which likely will be exacerbated by anticipated reductions in deliveries of Colorado River water to southern California. In response to this competition for water, a number of water-related issues have gained prominence: conservation of agricultural land, conjunctive use, artificial recharge, hydrologic implications of land-use change, and effects of climate variability.\r\n\r\nTo provide information to stakeholders addressing these issues, the USGS Groundwater Resources Program made a detailed assessment of groundwater availability of the Central Valley aquifer system, that includes: (1) the present status of groundwater resources; (2) how these resources have changed over time; and (3) tools to assess system responses to stresses from future human uses and climate variability and change. This effort builds on previous investigations, such as the USGS Central Valley Regional Aquifer System and Analysis (CV-RASA) project and several other groundwater studies in the Valley completed by Federal, State and local agencies at differing scales. The principal product of this new assessment is a tool referred to as the Central Valley Hydrologic Model (CVHM) that accounts for integrated, variable water supply and demand, and simulates surface-water and groundwater-flow across the entire Central Valley system. \r\n\r\nThe development of the CVHM comprised four major elements: (1) a comprehensive Geographic Information System (GIS) to compile, analyze and visualize data; (2) a texture model to characterize the aquifer system;(3) estimates of water-budget components by numerically modeling the hydrologic system with the Farm Process (FMP); and (4) simulations to assess and quantify hydrologic conditions.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1766","usgsCitation":"2009, Groundwater availability of the Central Valley Aquifer, California: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1766, xvi, 227 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1766.","productDescription":"xvi, 227 p.","costCenters":[{"id":154,"text":"California Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":486674,"rank":101,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/P9KEZJQS","text":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"Relative distance of California's Central Valley from trough to valley edge and supporting data"},{"id":124767,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1766.jpg"},{"id":12791,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1766/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":346946,"rank":2,"type":{"id":30,"text":"Data Release"},"url":"https://doi.org/10.5066/F79S1PX3","text":"USGS data release","description":"USGS data release","linkHelpText":"MODFLOW2000_FMP1_1 model used to simulate the groundwater flow of the Central Valley Aquifer, California"}],"geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -124,34 ], [ -124,41 ], [ -118,41 ], [ -118,34 ], [ -124,34 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a69e4b07f02db63bd59","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"Faunt, Claudia C. 0000-0001-5659-7529 ccfaunt@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5659-7529","contributorId":1491,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Faunt","given":"Claudia C.","email":"ccfaunt@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":505742,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97641,"text":"pp1768 - 2009 - A New Map of Standardized Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Conterminous United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-02-02T00:15:03","indexId":"pp1768","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":331,"text":"Professional Paper","code":"PP","onlineIssn":"2330-7102","printIssn":"1044-9612","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"1768","title":"A New Map of Standardized Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Conterminous United States","docAbstract":"A new map of standardized, mesoscale (tens to thousands of hectares) terrestrial ecosystems for the conterminous United States was developed by using a biophysical stratification approach. The ecosystems delineated in this top-down, deductive modeling effort are described in NatureServe's classification of terrestrial ecological systems of the United States. The ecosystems were mapped as physically distinct areas and were associated with known distributions of vegetation assemblages by using a standardized methodology first developed for South America. This approach follows the geoecosystems concept of R.J. Huggett and the ecosystem geography approach of R.G. Bailey. \r\n\r\nUnique physical environments were delineated through a geospatial combination of national data layers for biogeography, bioclimate, surficial materials lithology, land surface forms, and topographic moisture potential. Combining these layers resulted in a comprehensive biophysical stratification of the conterminous United States, which produced 13,482 unique biophysical areas. These were considered as fundamental units of ecosystem structure and were aggregated into 419 potential terrestrial ecosystems. \r\n\r\nThe ecosystems classification effort preceded the mapping effort and involved the independent development of diagnostic criteria, descriptions, and nomenclature for describing expert-derived ecological systems. The aggregation and labeling of the mapped ecosystem structure units into the ecological systems classification was accomplished in an iterative, expert-knowledge-based process using automated rulesets for identifying ecosystems on the basis of their biophysical and biogeographic attributes. The mapped ecosystems, at a 30-meter base resolution, represent an improvement in spatial and thematic (class) resolution over existing ecoregionalizations and are useful for a variety of applications, including ecosystem services assessments, climate change impact studies, biodiversity conservation, and resource management.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/pp1768","isbn":"9781411324329","usgsCitation":"Sayre, R.G., Comer, P., Warner, H., and Cress, J., 2009, A New Map of Standardized Terrestrial Ecosystems of the Conterminous United States: U.S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1768, iv, 17 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/pp1768.","productDescription":"iv, 17 p.","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":125659,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/pp_1768.jpg"},{"id":12790,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/pp/1768/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"53cd495ee4b0b290850ef1b1","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Sayre, Roger G. rsayre@usgs.gov","contributorId":2882,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Sayre","given":"Roger","email":"rsayre@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"G.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302739,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Comer, Patrick","contributorId":85683,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Comer","given":"Patrick","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302741,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Warner, Harumi hwarner@usgs.gov","contributorId":2881,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Warner","given":"Harumi","email":"hwarner@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":5047,"text":"NGTOC Denver","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302738,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Cress, Jill","contributorId":55539,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cress","given":"Jill","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302740,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97640,"text":"sir20095137 - 2009 - Potential for microbial degradation of cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in streambed sediment at the U.S. Department of Energy, Kansas City Plant, Missouri, 2008","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-16T06:38:50","indexId":"sir20095137","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-30T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-5137","title":"Potential for microbial degradation of cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in streambed sediment at the U.S. Department of Energy, Kansas City Plant, Missouri, 2008","docAbstract":"A series of carbon-14 (14C) radiotracer-based microcosm experiments was conducted to assess the mechanisms and products of degradation of cis-dichloroethene (cis-DCE) and vinyl chloride (VC) in streambed sediments at the U.S. Department of Energy, Kansas City Plant in Kansas City, Missouri. The focus of the investigation was the potential for biotic and abiotic cis-DCE and VC degradation in surficial and underlying hyporheic sediment from the Blue River and its tributaries, Indian Creek and Boone Creek.\r\n\r\nSubstantial degradation of [1,2-14C] cis-DCE and [1,2-14C] VC to 14C-carbon dioxide (14CO2) was observed in all viable surficial sediment microcosms prepared under oxic conditions. No significant accumulation of reductive dechlorination products was observed under these oxic incubation conditions. The results indicate that microbial mineralization processes involving direct oxidation or co-metabolic oxidation are the primary mechanisms of cis-DCE and VC biodegradation in oxic stream sediment at the Kansas City Plant.\r\n\r\nSubstantial mineralization of [1,2-14C] VC also was observed in all viable surficial sediment microcosms incubated in the absence of detectable oxygen (dissolved oxygen concentrations less than 25 micrograms per liter). In general, the accumulation of mineralization products (14CO2 and 14C-methane [14CH4]) predominated with only trace-level detection of the reductive dechlorination product, 14C-ethene. In contrast, microbial degradation of [1,2-14C] cis-DCE by reductive dechlorination or mineralization was not significant in the absence of detectable oxygen.\r\n\r\nThe potential for [1,2-14C] VC biodegradation also was significant in sediments from the deeper hyporheic zones under oxic conditions and in the absence of detectable oxygen. In this study, microbial degradation of [1,2-14C] cis-DCE was not significant in hyporheic sediment treatments under either oxygen condition.\r\n\r\nTaken together, the results indicate that microbial mineralization processes in streambed sediments at the Kansas City Plant can be an important component of cis-DCE and VC degradation under oxic conditions and of VC degradation even in the absence of detectable oxygen. These results demonstrate that an evaluation of the efficiency of in situ cis-DCE and VC biodegradation in streambed sediments, based solely on observed accumulations of reduced daughter products, may underestimate substantially the total extent of contaminant biodegradation and, thus, the potential importance of the hyporheic zone and streambed sediments as barriers to the discharge of contaminated groundwater.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/sir20095137","collaboration":"Prepared in cooperation with the U.S. Department of Energy, Kansas City Plant","usgsCitation":"Bradley, P.M., 2009, Potential for microbial degradation of cis-dichloroethene and vinyl chloride in streambed sediment at the U.S. Department of Energy, Kansas City Plant, Missouri, 2008: U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2009-5137, vi, 12 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/sir20095137.","productDescription":"vi, 12 p.","temporalStart":"2008-01-01","temporalEnd":"2008-12-31","costCenters":[{"id":559,"text":"South Carolina Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":195278,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12787,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/sir/2009/5137/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Missouri","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -94.63333333333334,38.916666666666664 ], [ -94.63333333333334,39 ], [ -94.5,39 ], [ -94.5,38.916666666666664 ], [ -94.63333333333334,38.916666666666664 ] ] ] } } ] }","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683799","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Bradley, Paul M. 0000-0001-7522-8606 pbradley@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7522-8606","contributorId":361,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Bradley","given":"Paul","email":"pbradley@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[{"id":13634,"text":"South Atlantic Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302737,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":70157239,"text":"70157239 - 2009 - The Boring Volcanic Field of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Tectonically anomalous forearc volcanism in an urban setting","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2021-11-05T16:12:13.485184","indexId":"70157239","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-29T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":5,"text":"Book chapter"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":24,"text":"Book Chapter"},"title":"The Boring Volcanic Field of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Tectonically anomalous forearc volcanism in an urban setting","docAbstract":"More than 80 small volcanoes are scattered throughout the Portland-Vancouver metropolitan area of northwestern Oregon and southwestern Washington. These volcanoes constitute the Boring Volcanic Field, which is centered in the Neogene Portland Basin and merges to the east with coeval volcanic centers of the High Cascade volcanic arc. Although the character of volcanic activity is typical of many monogenetic volcanic fields, its tectonic setting is not, being located in the forearc of the Cascadia subduction system well trenchward of the volcanic-arc axis. The history and petrology of this anomalous volcanic field have been elucidated by a comprehensive program of geologic mapping, geochemistry, 40Ar/39Ar geochronology, and paleomag-netic studies. Volcanism began at 2.6 Ma with eruption of low-K tholeiite and related lavas in the southern part of the Portland Basin. At 1.6 Ma, following a hiatus of ~0.8 m.y., similar lavas erupted a few kilometers to the north, after which volcanism became widely dispersed, compositionally variable, and more or less continuous, with an average recurrence interval of 15,000 yr. The youngest centers, 50–130 ka, are found in the northern part of the field. Boring centers are generally monogenetic and mafic but a few larger edifices, ranging from basalt to low-SiO2 andesite, were also constructed. Low-K to high-K calc-alkaline compositions similar to those of the nearby volcanic arc dominate the field, but many centers erupted magmas that exhibit little influence of fluids derived from the subducting slab. The timing and compositional characteristics of Boring volcanism suggest a genetic relationship with late Neogene intra-arc rifting.
","largerWorkType":{"id":4,"text":"Book"},"largerWorkTitle":"Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest","largerWorkSubtype":{"id":15,"text":"Monograph"},"language":"English","publisher":"Geological Society of America","publisherLocation":"Boulder, Colo.","doi":"10.1130/2009.fld015(13)","usgsCitation":"Evarts, R.C., Conrey, R.M., Fleck, R.J., and Hagstrum, J.T., 2009, The Boring Volcanic Field of the Portland-Vancouver area, Oregon and Washington: Tectonically anomalous forearc volcanism in an urban setting, chap. of Volcanoes to vineyards: Geologic field trips through the dynamic landscape of the Pacific Northwest, p. 253-270, https://doi.org/10.1130/2009.fld015(13).","productDescription":"18 p.","startPage":"253","endPage":"270","onlineOnly":"N","additionalOnlineFiles":"N","ipdsId":"IP-014013","costCenters":[{"id":309,"text":"Geology and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":308129,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/outside_thumb.jpg"}],"country":"United States","city":"Portland, Vancouver","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"type\": \"Polygon\",\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -122.54837036132811,\n 45.347319655945526\n ],\n [\n -122.54837036132811,\n 45.65628792636447\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 45.65628792636447\n ],\n [\n -122.13226318359375,\n 45.347319655945526\n ],\n [\n -122.54837036132811,\n 45.347319655945526\n ]\n ]\n ]\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"55f94143e4b05d6c4e5013b1","contributors":{"editors":[{"text":"O’Connor, Jim oconnor@usgs.gov","contributorId":2350,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"O’Connor","given":"Jim","email":"oconnor@usgs.gov","affiliations":[{"id":518,"text":"Oregon Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":false,"id":572373,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Dorsey, Rebecca","contributorId":140302,"corporation":false,"usgs":false,"family":"Dorsey","given":"Rebecca","affiliations":[{"id":6604,"text":"University of Oregon","active":true,"usgs":false}],"preferred":false,"id":572374,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Madin, Ian P.","contributorId":66404,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Madin","given":"Ian","email":"","middleInitial":"P.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572375,"contributorType":{"id":2,"text":"Editors"},"rank":3}],"authors":[{"text":"Evarts, Russell C. revarts@usgs.gov","contributorId":1974,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Evarts","given":"Russell","email":"revarts@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"C.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572376,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Conrey, Richard M.","contributorId":41911,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Conrey","given":"Richard","email":"","middleInitial":"M.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":572377,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Fleck, Robert J. 0000-0002-3149-8249 fleck@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3149-8249","contributorId":1048,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Fleck","given":"Robert","email":"fleck@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"J.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572378,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Hagstrum, Jonathan T. 0000-0002-0689-280X jhag@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0689-280X","contributorId":3474,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Hagstrum","given":"Jonathan","email":"jhag@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"T.","affiliations":[{"id":312,"text":"Geology, Minerals, Energy, and Geophysics Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":572379,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97638,"text":"gip90 - 2009 - Poster for Ride the Rockies 2009","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-11-03T21:43:55.927397","indexId":"gip90","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":315,"text":"General Information Product","code":"GIP","onlineIssn":"2332-354X","printIssn":"2332-3531","active":false,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"90","title":"Poster for Ride the Rockies 2009","docAbstract":"To download other USGS materials related to Ride The Rockies, go to http://www.cr.usgs.gov/rtr/index.html","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/gip90","usgsCitation":"Slate, J., 2009, Poster for Ride the Rockies 2009: U.S. Geological Survey General Information Product 90, Poster: 54.00 × 34.00 inches, https://doi.org/10.3133/gip90.","productDescription":"Poster: 54.00 × 34.00 inches","temporalStart":"2009-06-14","temporalEnd":"2009-06-19","costCenters":[{"id":595,"text":"U.S. Geological Survey","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121125,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/gip_90.jpg"},{"id":409133,"rank":3,"type":{"id":36,"text":"NGMDB Index Page"},"url":"https://ngmdb.usgs.gov/Prodesc/proddesc_86778.htm","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}},{"id":12784,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/gip/90/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"Colorado","geographicExtents":"{\n \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\",\n \"features\": [\n {\n \"type\": \"Feature\",\n \"properties\": {},\n \"geometry\": {\n \"coordinates\": [\n [\n [\n -107.7192,\n 39.5508\n ],\n [\n -107.7192,\n 38.3894\n ],\n [\n -105.9981,\n 38.3894\n ],\n [\n -105.9981,\n 39.5508\n ],\n [\n -107.7192,\n 39.5508\n ]\n ]\n ],\n \"type\": \"Polygon\"\n }\n }\n ]\n}","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4ad5e4b07f02db683a47","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Slate, Janet","contributorId":34223,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Slate","given":"Janet","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302734,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1}]}} ,{"id":97635,"text":"fs20093041 - 2009 - Redox Conditions in Selected Principal Aquifers of the United States","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2012-03-02T17:16:07","indexId":"fs20093041","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":313,"text":"Fact Sheet","code":"FS","onlineIssn":"2327-6932","printIssn":"2327-6916","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-3041","title":"Redox Conditions in Selected Principal Aquifers of the United States","docAbstract":"Reduction/oxidation (redox) processes affect the quality of groundwater in all aquifer systems. Redox processes can alternately mobilize or immobilize potentially toxic metals associated with naturally occurring aquifer materials, contribute to the degradation or preservation of anthropogenic contami-nants, and generate undesirable byproducts, such as dissolved manganese (Mn2+), ferrous iron (Fe2+), hydrogen sulfide (H2S), and methane (CH4). Determining the kinds of redox processes that occur in an aquifer system, documenting their spatial distribution, and understanding how they affect concentrations of natural or anthropogenic contaminants are central to assessing and predicting the chemical quality of groundwater. \r\n\r\nThis Fact Sheet extends the analysis of U.S. Geological Survey authors to additional principal aquifer systems by applying a framework developed by the USGS to a larger set of water-quality data from the USGS national water databases. For a detailed explanation, see the 'Introduction' in the Fact Sheet.","language":"ENGLISH","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","doi":"10.3133/fs20093041","usgsCitation":"McMahon, P., Cowdery, T., Chapelle, F.H., and Jurgens, B., 2009, Redox Conditions in Selected Principal Aquifers of the United States: U.S. Geological Survey Fact Sheet 2009-3041, 6 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/fs20093041.","productDescription":"6 p.","costCenters":[{"id":191,"text":"Colorado Water Science Center","active":true,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":121091,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/fs_2009_3041.jpg"},{"id":12781,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/fs/2009/3041/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4a60e4b07f02db63526a","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"McMahon, P.B. 0000-0001-7452-2379","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7452-2379","contributorId":10762,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"McMahon","given":"P.B.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302723,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Cowdery, T.K.","contributorId":92658,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Cowdery","given":"T.K.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302725,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2},{"text":"Chapelle, F. H.","contributorId":101697,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Chapelle","given":"F.","email":"","middleInitial":"H.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302726,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":3},{"text":"Jurgens, B.C. 0000-0002-1572-113X","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1572-113X","contributorId":90410,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Jurgens","given":"B.C.","affiliations":[],"preferred":false,"id":302724,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":4}]}} ,{"id":97636,"text":"ofr20091114 - 2009 - Modeling of selenium for the San Diego Creek watershed and Newport Bay, California","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2019-08-20T08:59:16","indexId":"ofr20091114","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":330,"text":"Open-File Report","code":"OFR","onlineIssn":"2331-1258","printIssn":"0196-1497","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2009-1114","title":"Modeling of selenium for the San Diego Creek watershed and Newport Bay, California","docAbstract":"The San Diego Creek watershed and Newport Bay in southern California are contaminated with selenium (Se) as a result of groundwater associated with urban development overlying a historical wetland, the Swamp of the Frogs. The primary Se source is drainage from surrounding seleniferous marine sedimentary formations. An ecosystem-scale model was employed as a tool to assist development of a site-specific Se objective for the region. The model visualizes outcomes of different exposure scenarios in terms of bioaccumulation in predators using partitioning coefficients, trophic transfer factors, and site-specific data for food-web inhabitants and particulate phases. Predicted Se concentrations agreed well with field observations, validating the use of the model as realistic tool for testing exposure scenarios. Using the fish tissue and bird egg guidelines suggested by regulatory agencies, allowable water concentrations were determined for different conditions and locations in the watershed and the bay. The model thus facilitated development of a site-specific Se objective that was locally relevant and provided a basis for step-by-step implementation of source control.","language":"English","publisher":"U.S. Geological Survey","publisherLocation":"Reston, VA","doi":"10.3133/ofr20091114","usgsCitation":"Presser, T.S., and Luoma, S.N., 2009, Modeling of selenium for the San Diego Creek watershed and Newport Bay, California (Version 1.0): U.S. Geological Survey Open-File Report 2009-1114, v, 48 p., https://doi.org/10.3133/ofr20091114.","productDescription":"v, 48 p.","onlineOnly":"Y","costCenters":[{"id":589,"text":"Toxic Substances Hydrology Program","active":true,"usgs":true},{"id":633,"text":"Water Resources National Research Program","active":false,"usgs":true}],"links":[{"id":197973,"rank":0,"type":{"id":24,"text":"Thumbnail"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/thumbnails/usgs_thumb.jpg"},{"id":12782,"rank":100,"type":{"id":15,"text":"Index Page"},"url":"https://pubs.usgs.gov/of/2009/1114/","linkFileType":{"id":5,"text":"html"}}],"country":"United States","state":"California","geographicExtents":"{ \"type\": \"FeatureCollection\", \"features\": [ { \"type\": \"Feature\", \"properties\": {}, \"geometry\": { \"type\": \"Polygon\", \"coordinates\": [ [ [ -118,33.5 ], [ -118,33.8 ], [ -117.8,33.8 ], [ -117.8,33.5 ], [ -118,33.5 ] ] ] } } ] }","edition":"Version 1.0","noUsgsAuthors":false,"publicationStatus":"PW","scienceBaseUri":"4f4e4b05e4b07f02db6998cf","contributors":{"authors":[{"text":"Presser, Theresa S. 0000-0001-5643-0147 tpresser@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5643-0147","contributorId":2467,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Presser","given":"Theresa","email":"tpresser@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"S.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302728,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":1},{"text":"Luoma, Samuel N. 0000-0001-5443-5091 snluoma@usgs.gov","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5443-5091","contributorId":2287,"corporation":false,"usgs":true,"family":"Luoma","given":"Samuel","email":"snluoma@usgs.gov","middleInitial":"N.","affiliations":[{"id":438,"text":"National Research Program - Western Branch","active":true,"usgs":true}],"preferred":true,"id":302727,"contributorType":{"id":1,"text":"Authors"},"rank":2}]}} ,{"id":97637,"text":"sir20085240 - 2009 - Factors affecting water quality in selected carbonate aquifers in the United States, 1993-2005","interactions":[],"lastModifiedDate":"2022-02-16T21:47:51.399082","indexId":"sir20085240","displayToPublicDate":"2009-06-27T00:00:00","publicationYear":"2009","noYear":false,"publicationType":{"id":18,"text":"Report"},"publicationSubtype":{"id":5,"text":"USGS Numbered Series"},"seriesTitle":{"id":334,"text":"Scientific Investigations Report","code":"SIR","onlineIssn":"2328-0328","printIssn":"2328-031X","active":true,"publicationSubtype":{"id":5}},"seriesNumber":"2008-5240","title":"Factors affecting water quality in selected carbonate aquifers in the United States, 1993-2005","docAbstract":"Carbonate aquifers are an important source of water in the United States; however, these aquifers can be particularly susceptible to contamination from the land surface. The U.S. Geological Survey National Water-Quality Assessment (NAWQA) Program collected samples from wells and springs in 12 carbonate aquifers across the country during 1993–2005; water-quality results for 1,042 samples were available to assess the factors affecting ground-water quality. These aquifers represent a wide range of climate, land-use types, degrees of confinement, and other characteristics that were compared and evaluated to assess the effect of those factors on water quality. Differences and similarities among the aquifers were also identified. Samples were analyzed for major ions, radon, nutrients, 47 pesticides, and 54 volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
Geochemical analysis helped to identify dominant processes that may contribute to the differences in aquifer susceptibility to anthropogenic contamination. Differences in concentrations of dissolved oxygen and dissolved organic carbon and in ground-water age were directly related to the occurrence of anthropogenic contaminants. Other geochemical indicators, such as mineral saturation indexes and calcium-magnesium molar ratio, were used to infer residence time, an indirect indicator of potential for anthropogenic contamination. Radon exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency proposed Maximum Contaminant Level (MCL) of 300 picocuries per liter in 423 of 735 wells sampled, of which 309 were drinking-water wells.
In general, land use, oxidation-reduction (redox) status, and degree of aquifer confinement were the most important factors affecting the occurrence of anthropogenic contaminants. Although none of these factors individually accounts for all the variation in water quality among the aquifers, a combination of these characteristics accounts for the majority of the variation. Unconfined carbonate aquifers that had high percentages of urban or agricultural land, or a combination of both, had higher concentrations and higher frequency of detections for most of the anthropogenic contaminants than areas with other combinations of land use and degree of aquifer confinement. Redox status is an indicator of more recently recharged water and affects the fate of some contaminants.
Median concentrations of nitrate were highest in the Valley and Ridge and Piedmont aquifers and lowest in the Biscayne and Silurian-Devonian/Upper carbonate aquifers. Nitrate concentrations were significantly higher in unconfined aquifers than in confined aquifers and semiconfined/mixed confined aquifers (wells in aquifers with breached confining layers or wells open to both a confined and an unconfined aquifer). Water recharged after 1953 had significantly higher concentrations of nitrate than water recharged prior to 1953. Redox status was also a key factor affecting nitrate concentrations; in recently recharged waters, samples in oxic waters had significantly higher concentrations of nitrate than anoxic waters, regardless of land use in the area around the well. Samples from 54 wells (5 percent) exceeded the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency MCL of 10 mg/L for nitrate in drinking water. Most of the samples exceeding the drinking-water standard (52 samples, or 5 percent) were in domestic supply wells in agricultural areas. The Piedmont and Valley and Ridge aquifers had the largest number of samples (45) exceeding the MCL; in the remaining aquifers only 9 samples had concentrations of nitrate that exceeded the MCL (about 1 percent). None of the water recharged prior to 1953 and only a single sample from a confined aquifer had nitrate concentrations that exceeded 10 mg/L as N.
Wells were sampled for a minimum of 47 pesticides. Detection frequencies and comparisons varied depending on the assessment level used. At least 1 of the 47 pesticides was detected at 510 (50 percent) of the 1,027 sites where pesticide data were available using the ‘all detections’ assessment level—that is, including any quantified detection as well as any estimated values where the compound was definitively detected. Multiple pesticides were frequently detected in a sample of water from a site; 34 percent of the samples had two to five pesticides detected in the same sample, and 4 percent of the samples had six or more pesticides detected. Dieldrin was detected at 20 sites, 9 of which were from either domestic or public supply wells, at a concentration above the Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL) of 0.002 µg/L. Diazinon was detected at a concentration greater than the HBSL of 1 µg/L at a single site, which was also a domestic supply well. These are the only samples where a pesticide exceeded a human-health benchmark.
The most frequently occurring pesticide compounds were four herbicides—atrazine, simazine, metolachlor, and prometon—and deethylatrazine, a degradate of atrazine. These pesticides typically were detected at concentrations that were less than 10 percent of a human-health benchmark. Of the four frequently occurring pesticides, only samples for atrazine (3 percent) and simazine (0.1 percent) had concentrations that exceeded 10 percent of the human-health benchmark; most of these cases were in agricultural areas. It is important to note, however, that the most frequently occurring pesticide degradate compound—deethylatrazine—has no human-health benchmark. Using a common assessment level of 0.01 µg/L, four of the aquifers—Biscayne, Mississippian, Piedmont, and Valley and Ridge—had at least one of these five compounds detected in more than 30 percent of the wells sampled. These four aquifers, along with the Ordovician, Ozark Plateaus, and Prairie du Chien aquifers were the aquifers or aquifer systems that had concentrations of pesticides that exceeded 10 percent of a human-health benchmark. Water recharged after 1953 had a significantly higher percentage of detections of pesticides than water recharged before 1953, and water from unconfined aquifers had a significantly higher percentage of detections of pesticides than water from confined or semiconfined/mixed confined aquifers. Water from sites in unconfined aquifers, where land use was agricultural or urban, accounted for the vast majority of detections of pesticides. Dissolved oxygen concentration was positively related to pesticide occurrence, which likely reflects the positive association between dissolved oxygen concentration and recently recharged water.
Water samples were collected for analysis of VOCs at 793 sites—154 samples were analyzed for 54 VOCs from 1993 through 1995 and 639 samples were analyzed for 86 VOCs from 1996 through 2005. Twenty percent of samples contained one or more VOCs at concentrations greater than or equal to 0.2 µg/L (159 of 793 samples). The aquifers with the highest percentage of samples containing one or more VOCs were the Castle Hayne (about 41 percent of samples) and Biscayne aquifers (34 percent). The most frequently detected VOCs were chloroform, tetrahydrofuran, tetrachloroethene (PCE), toluene, acetone, ethylmethylketone, methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE), and trichloroethene (TCE). Low-level concentrations of VOCs occurred in a much larger percentage of a subset of the data (the 639 samples analyzed using a low-level analytical method). In these samples, 69 percent of the 639 samples contained 1 or more VOCs, indicating the vulnerability of the carbonate aquifers to low-level VOC contamination. Four VOCs were detected at concentrations exceeding their respective MCLs in five samples, all of which were from drinking-water wells. Vinyl chloride concentrations exceeded the MCL of 2 µg/L in two samples from urban areas in the unconfined Biscayne aquifer. PCE, TCE, and 1,2-dichloropropane each had one sample with a concentration greater than their MCLs of 5 µg/L; these samples were from agricultural and urban areas in the unconfined Mississippian aquifer.
Water quality in the 12 carbonate aquifers was highly variable. Most of the samples met drinking-water standards. The occurrence of anthropogenic contaminants was related to contaminant sources but also was affected by degree of aquifer confinement, ground-water age, and redox status. Areas with higher amounts of agricultural or urban land in unconfined aquifers were the most likely to have elevated concentrations of anthropogenic contaminants.